@article { ISI:000319344100038, title = {Annually Resolved Ice Core Records of Tropical Climate Variability over the Past similar to 1800 Years}, journal = {SCIENCE}, volume = {340}, number = {{6135}}, year = {2013}, month = {MAY 24}, pages = {945-950}, type = {Article}, abstract = {Ice cores from low Latitudes can provide a wealth of unique information about past climate in the tropics, but they are difficult to recover and few exist. Here, we report annually resolved ice core records from the Quelccaya ice cap (5670 meters above sea level) in Peru that extend back similar to 1800 years and provide a high-resolution record of climate variability there. Oxygen isotopic ratios (delta O-18) are linked to sea surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific, whereas concentrations of ammonium and nitrate document the dominant role played by the migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the region of the tropical Andes. Quetccaya continues to retreat and thin. Radiocarbon dates on wetland plants exposed along its retreating margins indicate that it has not been smaller for at least six millennia.}, issn = {0036-8075}, doi = {10.1126/science.1234210}, author = {Thompson, L. G. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Davis, M. E. and Zagorodnov, V. S. and Howat, I. M. and Mikhatenko, V. N. and Lin, P. -N.} } @article {701, title = {Kilimanjaro ice core records: evidence of holocene climate change in tropical Africa}, journal = {Science}, volume = {298}, year = {2002}, note = {Thompson, Lonnie GMosley-Thompson, EllenDavis, Mary EHenderson, Keith ABrecher, Henry HZagorodnov, Victor SMashiotta, Tracy ALin, Ping-NanMikhalenko, Vladimir NHardy, Douglas RBeer, Jurgeng2002/10/19 04:00Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):589-93.}, month = {Oct 18}, pages = {589-93}, abstract = {Six ice cores from Kilimanjaro provide an approximately 11.7-thousand-year record of Holocene climate and environmental variability for eastern equatorial Africa, including three periods of abrupt climate change: approximately 8.3, approximately 5.2, and approximately 4 thousand years ago (ka). The latter is coincident with the "First Dark Age," the period of the greatest historically recorded drought in tropical Africa. Variable deposition of F- and Na+ during the African Humid Period suggests rapidly fluctuating lake levels between approximately 11.7 and 4 ka. Over the 20th century, the areal extent of Kilimanjaro{\textquoteright}s ice fields has decreased approximately 80\%, and if current climatological conditions persist, the remaining ice fields are likely to disappear between 2015 and 2020.}, issn = {0036-8075 (Linking)}, doi = {10.1126/science.1073198}, author = {Thompson, L. G. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Davis, M. E. and Henderson, K. A. and Brecher, H. H. and Zagorodnov, V. S. and Mashiotta, T. A. and Lin, P. N. and Mikhalenko, V. N. and Hardy, D. R. and Beer, J.} } @article {2251, title = {A 25,000-year tropical climate history from bolivian ice cores}, journal = {Science}, volume = {282}, year = {1998}, note = {ThompsonDavis Mosley-Thompson Sowers Henderson Zagorodnov Lin Mikhalenko Campen Bolzan Cole-Dai Francou eng 1998/12/04 03:02 Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1858-64. }, month = {Dec 04}, pages = {1858-64}, abstract = {Ice cores that were recovered from the summit of Sajama mountain in Bolivia provide carbon-14-dated tropical records and extend to the Late Glacial Stage (LGS). Oxygen isotopic ratios of the ice decreased 5.4 per mil between the early Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum, which is consistent with values from other ice cores. The abrupt onset and termination of a Younger Dryas-type event suggest atmospheric processes as the probable drivers. Regional accumulation increased during the LGS, during deglaciation, and over the past 3000 years, which is concurrent with higher water levels in regional paleolakes. Unlike polar cores, Sajama glacial ice contains eight times less dust than the Holocene ice, which reflects wetter conditions and extensive snow cover.}, isbn = {1095-9203 (Electronic)0036-8075 (Linking)}, doi = {10.1126/science.282.5395.1858}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9836630}, author = {Thompson, L. G. and Davis, M. E. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Sowers, T. A. and Henderson, K. A. and Zagorodnov, V. S. and Lin, P. and Mikhalenko, V. N. and Campen, R. K. and Bolzan, J. F. and Cole-Dai, J. and Francou, B.} }