@article {miles_interactions_2024,
	title = {Interactions between local glaciers and adjacent grounded Ross Sea ice in the Royal Society Range, Antarctica},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {329},
	year = {2024},
	month = {04/2024},
	pages = {108591},
	abstract = {The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) has the potential to exert a major control on future global sea level. Here, we gain insight into the response of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) to changing climate through assessment of ice-sheet behavior during and since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) along the western coast of McMurdo Sound. We examine whether expansion of grounded ice in this sector of the Ross Embayment during the last glaciation was caused by increased flux from East Antarctic outlets and local glaciers or was produced by marine influences, such as lowered sea level or reduced melting of submarine grounded ice. During the LGM, grounded ice derived from the Ross Sea deposited a well-defined drift sheet along the Royal Society headlands on the western coast of McMurdo Sound. Twenty-six new radiocarbon dates of subfossil algae within this drift sheet suggest that the ice sheet was at its maximum extent by at least \~{}18.4 ka and maintained this position for about five thousand years. Cross-cutting relationships show that local alpine glaciers did not contribute to the grounded ice but rather fluctuated asynchronously. This same relationship held true during the penultimate glaciation, dated to roughly 137{\textendash}191 ka with 10Be exposure ages. An explanation for this out-of-phase relationship is that different mechanisms controlled their respective extents. Because they lack significant surface melting ablation zones, the local alpine glaciers, which largely terminate on land, were driven by changes in accumulation. These glaciers likely expanded during warmer times when accumulation was higher. In contrast, marine factors, such as global sea-level change and/or subglacial melting, controlled ice fluctuations in the Ross Embayment, including McMurdo Sound, leading to advance during the LGM.},
	keywords = {Alpine glaciers, Antarctica, Be exposure age dating, Last glacial maximum, radiocarbon, Ross Sea},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108591},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124000921},
	author = {Miles, Maraina and Hall, Brenda and Denton, George}
}
@article {grimley_updated_2024,
	title = {Updated chronology for Peoria Silt (loess) accumulation in Illinois and western Indiana from radiocarbon dating of terrestrial gastropod shells},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	year = {2024},
	month = {05/2024},
	pages = {1{\textendash}19},
	abstract = {Based on calibrated radiocarbon ages of terrestrial gastropod shells (Succineidae, Discus, Stenotrema, Webbhelix), the chronology of Peoria Silt (loess) deposition in the Central Lowlands is updated. These taxa provide reliable ages (within \textasciitilde0.2 ka), based on historical shell dating, shell-organic age comparisons, and stratigraphic consistency. A compilation of 53 new and 36 published Peoria Silt shell ages (calibrated), from 12 localities, date from 30.0 to 17.4 ka. Proximal (fossiliferous) loess from 10 sections had mean loess accumulation rates of 0.6{\textendash}2.2 mm/yr. Study sites along the upper Mississippi, Illinois, to mid-Mississippi, and Ohio-Wabash Valleys suggest Peoria loess accumulated from \textasciitilde27 to 15 ka, \textasciitilde29 to 18 ka, and \textasciitilde30 to 18 ka, respectively. The cessation age for Peoria Silt, based on surface extrapolations, is \textasciitilde1{\textendash}6 ka earlier than some prior Illinois estimates, even assuming slower loess accumulation in the modern solum. Younger loess in northwestern Illinois likely reflects, in part, Superior and Des Moines Lobe glacial-meltwater sediment, and Iowan Erosion Surface inputs to the upper Mississippi Valley, after the Lake Michigan Lobe receded. Furthermore, stronger winds, drier conditions, and reduced vegetation cover in valley deflation areas may have favored higher accumulation rates and later loess deposition in northwestern relative to southeastern areas.},
	keywords = {chronology, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Last Glacial, Loess, Peoria Silt, radiocarbon, Succineidae, Wisconsin Episode},
	issn = {0033-5894, 1096-0287},
	doi = {10.1017/qua.2024.15},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/quaternary-research/article/updated-chronology-for-peoria-silt-loess-accumulation-in-illinois-and-western-indiana-from-radiocarbon-dating-of-terrestrial-gastropod-shells/67CEEB07C31701FF4C2095346BD07F99},
	author = {Grimley, David A. and Loope, Henry M. and Jacobs, Peter M. and Nash, T. Andrew and Dendy, Sarah N. and Conroy, Jessica L. and Curry, B. Brandon}
}
@article {faulkner_modeling_2023,
	title = {Modeling the dynamic penetration depth of post-1950s water in unconfined aquifers using environmental tracers: Central Valley, California},
	journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
	volume = {616},
	year = {2023},
	month = {01/2023},
	pages = {128818},
	abstract = {The penetration depth of post-1950s recharge (D-1950) in aquifers is a marker that is frequently used to identify groundwater that is susceptible to anthropogenic contamination. Here, we compute D-1950 values at wells, interpolate them in space, and project them across time to map the moving front of modern recharge in four dimensions in the Central Valley aquifer system, California, USA. Tracers of groundwater age (tritium, carbon-14, noble gases, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons) were collected at 650 wells spatially distributed throughout the Central Valley and were fit to a lumped-parameter model that assumes a logarithmic age-depth profile in the aquifer. For samples where tritium was present (>0.3 tritium units), the model was used to predict D-1950 at wells screened above or across the modern-premodern interface (n~=~484). Wells with samples where tritium was absent (<=0.3 tritium units) were used to define the depth beyond which groundwater is completely premodern (n~=~166). Predicted D-1950 values were below the depth of screen bottoms for wells where groundwater is completely modern, and above the depth of screen tops for wells where groundwater is completely premodern. The interpolated surface of D-1950 is dynamic, less prone to extreme values, and produces maps with lower interpolation errors due to a higher spatial density of wells than maps based on the depth of premodern groundwater. Between 2005 and 2025, D-1950 is expected to deepen by 11 and 12~m in the northern and southern parts of the Central Valley, respectively. Areas where D-1950 increases rapidly are likely to see increases in nitrate and other anthropogenic contaminants associated with the downward moving front of modern water.},
	keywords = {Environmental tracers, Groundwater age, Lumped-parameter model},
	issn = {0022-1694},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128818},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169422013889},
	author = {Faulkner, Kirsten E. and Jurgens, Bryant C. and Voss, Stefan A. and Dupuy, Danielle I. and Levy, Zeno F.}
}
@article {winkler_more_2023,
	title = {More Frequent Hurricane Passage Across the Bahamian Archipelago During the Little Ice Age},
	journal = {Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology},
	volume = {38},
	number = {11},
	year = {2023},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2023PA004623},
	month = {11/2023},
	pages = {e2023PA004623},
	abstract = {The year 2020 Common Era (CE) experienced the highest number of named tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean since 1850 CE, but the short instrumental record makes it challenging to assess if this level of activity is statistically meaningful. Here, we present two near-annually resolved hurricane reconstructions from sediment archived in two blue holes located only 300 m apart on the northern margin of Grand Bahama. These two blue holes provide a replicated signal of hurricanes passing within a 50{\textendash}100 km radius over the last 1,800 years, and the long-term reconstructions document multiple 50-to-150-year intervals when hurricane frequency was significantly higher than it has been over the last 100 years. These two records were first merged into a single stack, and then compiled with five other high-resolution reconstructions from across the Bahamian Archipelago to form a single 1500-year record of Bahamian hurricane frequency. This new Bahamian Compilation documents more hurricanes passing \~{}75{\textdegree}W from 21{\textdegree}N to 26{\textdegree}N during the Little Ice Age (LIA; 1300{\textendash}1850 CE) relative to the prior millennium and the last 170 years. The US Eastern Seaboard also experienced heightened hurricane activity during the LIA, whereas the Gulf of Mexico and Southern Caribbean were inactive. This suggests that despite a globally cooler climate, regional climate conditions during the LIA remained favorable for cyclogenesis and intensification along certain Atlantic hurricane pathways. Perhaps heightened Sahel rainfall during the LIA indicates an increase in African Easterly waves, which in turn possibly seeded more tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Main Development Region.},
	keywords = {Bahamas, Carbonate, common era, hurricanes, Paleoclimate, sedimentology},
	issn = {2572-4525},
	doi = {10.1029/2023PA004623},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2023PA004623},
	author = {Winkler, T. S. and van Hengstum, P. J. and Donnelly, J. P. and Wallace, E. J. and Albury, N. A. and D{\textquoteright}Entremont, N. and Hawkes, A. D. and Maio, C. V. and Roberts, J. and Sullivan, R. M. and Woodruff, J. D.}
}
@article {schwing_organic_2023,
	title = {Organic carbon and planktic foraminifera radiocarbon derived Holocene sediment accumulation rates in the northern slopes of the Gulf of Mexico},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {193},
	year = {2023},
	month = {03/2023},
	pages = {103959},
	abstract = {In the context of climate regulation and anthropogenic waste detoxification (e.g. oil spills), estimates of deep ocean sedimentation and carbon sequestration are of the utmost importance. Radiocarbon (14C) is a common radioisotope that can be used to establish millennial scale sediment accumulation rates. The objectives of this study were to: 1) establish ages for co-occurring total organic carbon (TOC) and planktic foraminifera (carbonate) in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (GoM), 2) use these ages to estimate accumulation rates independently, 3) identify any evidence of redistribution, and 4) examine any offset between TOC and carbonate 14C ages as a tool to potentially identify selective TOC transport. Sediment samples were collected in May 2018 from the RV Point Sur using an Ocean Instruments MC-800 multi corer. Radiocarbon measurements of both planktic foraminifera and TOC subsamples were made at the National Ocean Science Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS). Radiocarbon ages, calibrated using the OxCal 4.4, ranged from recent to 6407 BP. Linear (LAR: 4{\textendash}24~cm/kyr) and mass accumulation rates (MAR: 1.5{\textendash}11.5~g/cm2/kyr) were generally consistent with those reported by other recent studies in the GoM. At two sites, C14 ages decreased from the surface to the second sampling increment which was consistent with sediment redistribution. The TOC-carbonate offsets, which are indicative of lateral advection and organic matter aging, were lower than those found in the majority of other regions, which was consistent with less lateral transport or a more oligotrophic setting. The magnitude in radiocarbon age offsets with depth could potentially be used as a relative aging or transport assessment tool in areas with little resuspension.},
	keywords = {accumulation rates, Foraminifera, Gulf of Mexico, radiocarbon, Radiogeochemistry},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103959},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967063722002722},
	author = {Schwing, Patrick and Chanton, Jeffrey and Bosman, Samantha and Brooks, Gregg and Larson, Rebekka A. and Romero, Isabel and Diercks, Arne}
}
@article {patrut_radiocarbon_2023,
	title = {Radiocarbon dating of the historic grand baobab of Mahajanga, Madagascar},
	journal = {Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Chemia},
	volume = {68},
	number = {1},
	year = {2023},
	month = {2023},
	pages = {119{\textendash}129},
	chapter = {119},
	abstract = {The article reports the AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon investigation of the historic Grand Baobab of Mahajanga. The largest African baobab of Madagascar exhibits a cluster structure, which consists of 6 fused ordinary stems and of 3 small binding stems. Two samples were collected from the largest stem and from a primary branch, out of which several tiny segments were extracted and dated by radiocarbon. The oldest dated sample segment had a radiocarbon date of 214 {\textpm} 17 BP, which corresponds to a calibrated age of 265 {\textpm} 25 calendar years. The dating results indicate that the Grand Baobab of Mahajanga is 275 {\textpm} 25 years old. },
	doi = {10.24193/subbchem.2023.1.09},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Patrut, Roxana T and Rakosy, Laszlo and RATIU, ILEANA ANDREEA and Danthu, Pascal and Leong Pock Tsy, Jean-Michel and von Reden, Karl F}
}
@article {holt_tropical_2023,
	title = {A Tropical Cocktail of Organic Matter Sources: Variability in Supraglacial and Glacier Outflow Dissolved Organic Matter Composition and Age Across the Ecuadorian Andes},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {128},
	number = {5},
	year = {2023},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2022JG007188},
	month = {05/2023},
	pages = {e2022JG007188},
	abstract = {The biogeochemistry of rapidly retreating Andean glaciers is poorly understood, and Ecuadorian glacier dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition is unknown. This study examined molecular composition and carbon isotopes of DOM from supraglacial and outflow streams (n = 5 and 14, respectively) across five ice capped volcanoes in Ecuador. Compositional metrics were paired with streamwater isotope analyses (δ18O) to assess if outflow DOM composition was associated with regional precipitation gradients and thus an atmospheric origin of glacier DOM. Ecuadorian glacier outflows exported ancient, biolabile dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and DOM contained a high relative abundance (RA) of aliphatic and peptide-like compounds (>=27\%RA). Outflows were consistently more depleted in Δ14C-DOC (i.e., older) compared to supraglacial streams (mean -195.2 and -61.3{\textperthousand} respectively), perhaps due to integration of spatially heterogenous and variably aged DOM pools across the supraglacial environment, or incorporation of aged subglacial OM as runoff was routed to the outflow. Across Ecuador, Δ14C-DOC enrichment was associated with decreased aromaticity of DOM, due to increased contributions of organic matter (OM) from microbial processes or atmospheric deposition of recently fixed and subsequently degraded OM (e.g., biomass burning byproducts). There was a regional gradient between glacier outflow DOM composition and streamwater δ18O, suggesting covariation between regional precipitation gradients and the DOM exported from glacier outflows. Ultimately, this highlights that atmospheric deposition may exert a control on glacier outflow DOM composition, suggesting regional air circulation patterns and precipitation sources in part determine the origins and quality of OM exported from glacier environments.},
	keywords = {cryosphere, dissolved organic carbon, Dissolved organic matter, Ecuador, FT-ICR MS, glaciers, δ13C-DOC, Δ14C-DOC},
	issn = {2169-8961},
	doi = {10.1029/2022JG007188},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022JG007188},
	author = {Holt, Amy D. and Kellerman, Anne M. and Battin, Tom. I. and McKenna, Amy M. and Hood, Eran and Andino, Patricio and Crespo-P{\'e}rez, Ver{\'o}nica and Peter, Hannes and Sch{\"o}n, Martina and De Staercke, Vincent and Styllas, Michail and Tolosano, Matteo and Spencer, Robert G. M.}
}
@article {2960,
	title = {The dynamics of warming during the last deglaciation in high-elevation regions of Eastern Equatorial Africa},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {281},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-04-2022},
	pages = {107416},
	abstract = {Tropical mountain environments, such as the Rwenzori Mountains in equatorial Africa, are thought to be particularly sensitive to climate change. Ongoing warming in the Rwenzori is impacting local environments and communities through glacial retreat, fires, and flooding. Paleoclimate reconstructions from elsewhere in Africa suggest considerable warming accompanied glacier retreat during the last glacial termination, from \~{}21 thousand years before present (ka) through the early to mid-Holocene. Quantifying these changes has been difficult but could help to assess future impacts in the Rwenzori. Here, we present a \~{}21 thousand-year (kyr) temperature reconstruction based on the relative abundance of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) from Lake Mahoma (2,990 m above sea level; m asl) in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda. Our record, paired with existing Rwenzori glacial moraine 10Be exposure ages, suggests that deglacial warming and glacial retreat began by \~{}20 ka and accelerated at \~{}18{\textendash}18.5 ka. The timing of the onset of rapid warming matches the timing of the post-glacial rise in radiative forcing from atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) from Antarctic ice cores (Brook et al., 1996; Marcott et al., 2014; Monnin et al., 2004; Schilt et al., 2010). Our temperature reconstruction registers \~{}4.9 {\textdegree}C warming from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the late Holocene. This increase is larger than the average \~{}2-4 {\textdegree}C warming observed in records from lower elevation sites in tropical East Africa, but similar to that observed at other high-elevation sites in this region. The increased warming at higher elevations thus confirms that the temperature lapse rate steepened during the LGM over this region. Our results also indicate \~{}3 {\textdegree}C of warming during the mid-Holocene relative to the late Holocene. This suggests that the freezing-level height rose above Rwenzori summit elevations at that time, likely causing complete deglaciation of the Rwenzori Mountains from \~{}5 to 7 ka. The mid-Holocene is thus a potential analog for the glacial and environmental changes that these mountains are likely to experience in the coming decades. Overall, the timing and magnitude of temperature change observed in our record has important implications for climate model projections of future warming in tropical Africa.},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107416},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379122000476},
	author = {Garelick, Sloane and Russell, James and Richards, Adin and Smith, Jamila and Kelly, Meredith and Anderson, Nathan and Jackson, Margaret S. and Doughty, Alice and Nakileza, Bob and Ivory, Sarah and Dee, Sylvia and Marshall, Charlie}
}
@article {2975,
	title = {The giant 1960 tsunami in the context of a 6000-year record of paleotsunamis and coastal evolution in south-central Chile},
	journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2022},
	month = {06/2022},
	pages = {2062 - 2078},
	abstract = {The tsunami associated with the giant 9.5 Mw 1960 Chile earthquake deposited an extensive sand layer above organic-rich soils near Queule (39.3{\textdegree}S, 73.2{\textdegree}W), south-central Chile. Using the 1960 tsunami deposits, together with eye-witness observations and numerical simulations of tsunami inundation, we tested the tsunami inundation sensitivity of the site to different earthquake slip distributions. Stratigraphically below the 1960 deposit are two additional widespread sand layers interpreted as tsunami deposits with maximum ages of 4960{\textendash}4520 and 5930{\textendash}5740 cal BP. This >4500-year gap of tsunami deposits preserved in the stratigraphic record is inconsistent with written and geological records of large tsunamis in south-central Chile in 1575, 1837, and possibly 1737. We explain this discrepancy by: (1) poor preservation of tsunami deposits due to reduced accommodation space from relative sea-level fall during the late Holocene; (2) recently evolved coastal geomorphology that increased sediment availability for tsunami deposit formation in 1960; and/or (3) the possibility that the 1960 tsunami was significantly larger at this particular location than other tsunamis in the past >4500 years. Our research illustrates the complexities of reconstructing a complete stratigraphic record of past tsunamis from a single site for tsunami hazard assessment. The coastal geomorphology near Queule, Chile preserves evidence of the giant Mw 9.51960 Chile earthquake and two buried paleotsunami deposits within the last 6000 years. Using the 1960 tsunami deposits, eye-witness observations, and numerical simulations of tsunami inundation, we tested the sensitivity of the site to different earthquake slip distributions. We consider the role of coastal geomorphic evolution, sea-level history, and tsunami magnitude in the preservation of paleotsunami depositional records.},
	doi = {10.1002/esp.5363},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/esp.5363},
	author = {Matos-Llavona, Pedro I. and Ely, Lisa L. and MacInnes, Breanyn and Dura, Tina and Cisternas, Marco A. and Bourgeois, Joanne and Bruce, David and DePaolis, Jessica and Dolcimascolo, Alexander and Horton, Benjamin P. and Melnick, Daniel and Nelson, Alan R. and Szeliga, Walter and Wesson, Robert L.}
}
@article {2954,
	title = {Glacial isostatic adjustment near the center of the former Patagonian Ice Sheet (48{\textdegree}S) during the last 16.5 kyr},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {277},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-02-2022},
	pages = {107346},
	abstract = {Our understanding of glacial isostatic rebound across Patagonia is highly limited, despite its importance to constrain past ice volume estimates and better comprehend relative sea-level variations. With this in mind, our research objective is to reconstruct the magnitude and rate of Late Glacial and Holocene glacial isostatic adjustment near the center of the former Patagonian Ice Sheet. We focus on Larenas Bay (48{\textdegree}S; 1.26 km2), which is connected to Baker Channel through a shallow (7.4 m) and narrow (ca. 150 m across) inlet, and hence has the potential to record periods of basin isolation and marine ingression. The paleoenvironmental evolution of the bay was investigated through a sedimentological analysis of a 9.2 m long radiocarbon-dated sediment core covering the last 16.8 kyr. Salinity indicators, including diatom paleoecology, alkenone concentrations and CaCO3 content, were used to reconstruct the bay{\textquoteright}s connectivity to the fjord. Results indicate that Larenas Bay was a marine environment before 16.5 cal kyr BP and after 9.1 cal kyr BP, but that it was disconnected from Baker Channel in-between. We infer that the postglacial rebound started before 16.5 cal kyr BP and that it outpaced global sea-level rise until slightly before 9.1 cal kyr BP. During the Late Glacial and early Holocene, the center of the former Patagonian Ice Sheet experienced an absolute uplift of ca. 96 m, at an average rate of 1.3 cm/yr. During the remainder of the Holocene, glacial isostatic adjustment continued (ca. 20 m), but at a slower average pace of 0.2 cm/yr. Comparisons between multi-millennial variations in the salinity indicators and existing records of global sea-level rise suggest that the glacial isostatic adjustment rate also fluctuated within these time intervals, likely in response to glacier dynamics. More specifically, most of the glacial isostatic adjustment registered between 16.5 {\textendash} 9.1 cal kyr BP seems to have occurred before meltwater pulse 1A (14.5 {\textendash} 14.0 kyr BP). Likewise, it appears that the highest glacial isostatic rebound rates of the last 9.1 kyr occurred during the late Holocene, most likely in response to glacier recession from their Neoglacial maxima. This implies a relatively rapid response of the local solid earth to ice unloading, which agrees with independent modelling studies investigating contemporary uplift. We conclude that the center of the former Patagonian Ice Sheet experienced a glacial isostatic adjustment of ca. 116 m over the last 16.5 kyr, and that >80\% occurred during the Late Glacial and early Holocene.},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107346},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379121005539},
	author = {Troch, Matthias and Bertrand, S{\'e}bastien and Lange, Carina B. and C{\'a}rdenas, Paola and Arz, Helge and Pantoja-Guti{\'e}rrez, Silvio and De Pol-Holz, Ricardo and Kilian, Rolf}
}
@article {thatcher_iberian_2022,
	title = {Iberian hydroclimate variability and the Azores High during the last 1200 years: evidence from proxy records and climate model simulations},
	journal = {Climate Dynamics},
	year = {2022},
	month = {08/2022},
	pages = {1{\textendash}23},
	abstract = {The state of the atmospheric circulation and the associated hydroclimate in the North Atlantic during the last millennium remain the subject of considerable debate in both proxy- and model-based studies. Of particular interest in the Iberian region is the Azores High (AH) system, the southern node of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), an atmospheric dipole closely tied to regional hydroclimate. Hydroclimate-sensitive proxy reconstructions from this region offer some insights into atmospheric dynamics, but large spatiotemporal gaps in these data inhibit a robust evaluation of hydroclimate variability. In this study, we present a continuous, sub-decadally-resolved composite stalagmite carbon isotopic record from three partially overlapping stalagmites from Buraca Gloriosa (BG) cave, western Portugal, situated within the center of the AH, that preserves evidence of regional hydroclimate variability from approximately 800 CE to the present. Chronologies are derived from U/Th dating and annual laminae. Stalagmite carbon isotopic values primarily reflect the amount of effective moisture and reveal generally dry conditions during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA; 850{\textendash}1250 CE) and Modern Climate/Industrial Era (1850 CE-present), and wetter conditions during the Little Ice Age (LIA; 1400{\textendash}1850 CE). Multidecadal to centennial variability in the BG record and state-of-the-art last millennium climate model simulations show considerable coherence with precipitation-sensitive records from Spain and Morocco that, like BG, are strongly influenced by the intensity, size, and location of the AH. Model-proxy synthesis suggests that western Portugal was persistently dry during much of the MCA consistent with other NAO reconstructions; however, even considering age uncertainties, the apparent timing in the transition from a relatively dry MCA to a wetter LIA is spatially variable and confirms the non-stationary behavior of the AH system indicated by model output.},
	keywords = {Azores High, Hydroclimate, last millennium, Last Millennium Ensemble, Paleoclimate, Stalagmite},
	doi = {10.1007/s00382-022-06427-6},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1150271437},
	author = {Thatcher, Diana L. and Wanamaker, A. D. and Denniston, R. F. and Ummenhofer, C. C. and Asmerom, Y. and Polyak, V. J. and Cresswell-Clay, N. and Hasiuk, F. and Haws, J. and Gillikin, D. P.}
}
@article {2964,
	title = {Ice-sheet expansion from the Ross Sea into McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, during the last two glaciations},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {278},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-02-2022},
	pages = {107379},
	abstract = {An understanding of Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) behavior is important for future sea-level predictions. Here, we examine past ice-sheet history in the McMurdo Sound region of the western Ross Sea over the last two glacial-interglacial cycles in order to gain insight into the drivers of ice-sheet change. Surficial mapping, along with radiocarbon dates of lacustrine algae and uranium-thorium disequilibrium dates of lacustrine carbonates from ice-dammed lakes, allow reconstruction of the timing and origin of grounded ice in McMurdo Sound during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and penultimate glaciation. During the LGM, ice-surface elevation profiles and distribution of erratics indicate ice flow into southern McMurdo Sound from the Ross Sea, rather than seaward expansion of local glaciers from the Royal Society Range. The grounded ice in McMurdo Sound flowed westward to block the mouths of valleys in the Royal Society Range and to dam proglacial lakes. In Marshall Valley, maximum ice extent during what is termed the Ross Sea glaciation, was achieved by 18 ka and remained close to this position until after 14 ka. The pattern of surficial deposits suggests that ice during the penultimate glaciation, locally named the Marshall glaciation, was slightly more extensive than that of the LGM but had a similar Ross Sea origin. Maximum ice extent in Marshall Valley occurred at \~{}145{\textendash}150 ka; the grounded ice may have receded from the valley mouth shortly after 138 ka. Both ice expansions occurred broadly during times of low Antarctic air temperatures, which have been linked to insolation minima. However, the lack of widespread surface melting ablation zones on the AIS indicates that the link between ice expansion and orbital forcing is likely to be indirect and possibly driven through the ocean. Closer examination of the precise timing of the glacial maxima in Marshall Valley shows that the Marshall glaciation occurred synchronously with the penultimate global maximum; ice recession took place during Termination II. In contrast, maximum ice extent during the Ross Sea glaciation along the Royal Society Range occurred after the global LGM, during Termination I. Deglaciation was primarily an early Holocene event. We attribute this delayed maximum and deglaciation (relative to global events) to the effect of rising accumulation on ice-sheet mass balance.},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107379},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379122000105},
	author = {Heath, Stephanie and Hall, Brenda L. and Denton, George H. and Henderson, Gideon M. and Hendy, Chris H.}
}
@article {2968,
	title = {Impact of Indian Ocean surface temperature gradient reversals on the Indian Summer Monsoon},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {578},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-01-2022},
	pages = {117327},
	abstract = {Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) precipitation is the main determinant of livelihood in a densely populated world region. The interannual variability of the ISM is influenced by several modes of climate variability, including anomalous seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient reversals between the eastern, western, and northeastern Indian Ocean. With global warming, the frequency of zonal and meridional Indian Ocean{\textquoteright}s SST gradient changes is projected to increase but its impact on the ISM is debated. Here we present a 25,000-year proxy record of SST and inferred Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) River runoff that provides a spatially integrated measure of ISM precipitation changes. This record indicates a monotonic deglacial strengthening of the ISM system when the SST gradient between the Bay of Bengal surface water and the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean was reversed. We posit that the reversal in the meridional SST gradient reduced the impact of Heinrich Event 1 and Younger Dryas on the low elevation part of the ISM domain. Furthermore, the proxy record shows that the strongest Holocene ISM strengthening occurred between 7900{\textpm}470 and 5700{\textpm}360 years before present, coinciding with and causally linked to the reversal of the Indian Ocean zonal SST gradient and ensuing changes in the wind fields, a sequence of events that is inferred from and supported by the results of our climate simulation. Our study demonstrates that changes in the Indian Ocean{\textquoteright}s zonal and meridional thermal gradient strongly shaped the timing of Holocene monsoon strengthening and the response of ISM to the last deglacial freshwater forcing.},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117327},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012821X21005835},
	author = {Weldeab, Syee and R{\"u}hlemann, Carsten and Ding, Qinghua and Khon, Vyacheslav and Schneider, Birgit and Gray, William R.}
}
@article {2951,
	title = {Not all permafrost microbiomes are created equal: Influence of permafrost thaw on the soil microbiome in a laboratory incubation study},
	journal = {Soil Biology and Biochemistry},
	volume = {167},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-04-2022},
	pages = {108605},
	abstract = {Permafrost is thawing at unprecedented rates, significantly altering landscapes and ecosystem trajectories by changing subsurface conditions, vegetation characteristics, and soil properties. Dormant microbes become active as temperatures rise and permafrost soils warm and thaw. To determine the effects of sample location and warming on the permafrost microbiome, we collected permafrost from five distinct locations within the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory{\textquoteright}s Permafrost Tunnel (PT) near Fairbanks, Alaska and warmed them in a laboratory incubation study. Heterotrophic respiration was continuously monitored and metagenomes were analyzed at select incubation temperatures. Under frozen conditions, microbial respiration rates from different PT locations were similar, ranging from 2 to 12 mg C{\textendash}CO2 kg-1 d-1. During thaw, respiration increased in samples from three PT locations, but remained stable for two locations. Analysis of the shotgun metagenomes showed how the microbial communities and their potential function changed as a function of location and incubation temperature. This indicates a differential response of permafrost microbes based on their origin. These findings have important implications for developing accurate forecasts of microbial community assemblages during thaw in that location should be considered as a strong influencing factor.},
	issn = {00380717},
	doi = {10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108605},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038071722000621},
	author = {Barbato, R.A. and Jones, R.M. and Douglas, T.A. and Doherty, S.J. and Messan, K. and Foley, K.L. and Perkins, E.J. and Thurston, A.K. and Garcia-Reyero, N.}
}
@article {2970,
	title = {Oceanic passage of hurricanes across Cay Sal Bank in The Bahamas over the last 530~years},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {443},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-01-2022},
	pages = {106653},
	abstract = {Islands across the Bahamian Archipelago have been devastated by five major hurricanes from 2010 to 2020 CE, including Category 5 Hurricane Dorian in 2019 that inundated parts of Abaco and Grand Bahama with up to 4 m of surge, killing 84 people and leaving >245 others missing. Up to 1 m relative sea-level rise is estimated for The Bahamas by 2100 CE, which could enhance flooding from weaker storms (<Category 3) in low-lying coastal areas. Problematically, Bahamian hurricane activity is highly spatially-heterogenous over the last 170 years, meaning that long-term regional hurricane frequency remains poorly constrained, especially for weaker Category 1{\textendash}2 events that are less-likely to be detected by most sediment-based paleo-hurricane reconstructions. We present a 530-year record of hurricane passage from Hine{\textquoteright}s Blue Hole on Cay Sal Bank, The Bahamas. Hine{\textquoteright}s Hole has an accumulation rate of 2{\textendash}3.2 cm/yr, making it among the highest-resolution hurricane reconstructions to date. Unlike many paleo-hurricane reconstruction sites, Hine{\textquoteright}s Hole is not surrounded by coastal landmasses that can dampen currents and waves produced by hurricanes, so it archives most >=Category 1 hurricanes passing within 115 km during the 170-year instrumental record (1850 CE-present) and may also document intense tropical or winter storms. Hine{\textquoteright}s Hole archives ~16 intense storms per century from 1850 to 2016 CE, but documents three periods from 1505 to 1530 CE, 1570 to 1620 CE, and ~ 1710 to 1875 CE with over twice as many intense storms per century. These active periods correspond to other high-resolution reconstructions from the Bahamian Archipelago and Florida Keys, but the magnitude of the increase is much higher given that Hine{\textquoteright}s Hole archives evidence of weaker and more distal storms. As such, this reconstruction provides unprecedented insight into changes in hurricane activity within the pre-industrial climate system and demonstrates that recurrence intervals based on the 170-year instrumental record can severely underestimate the threat hurricanes pose certain localities.},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2021.106653},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025322721002358},
	author = {Winkler, Tyler S. and van Hengstum, Peter J. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Wallace, Elizabeth J. and D{\textquoteright}Entremont, Nicole and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Maio, Christopher V. and Sullivan, Richard M. and Woodruff, Jonathan D.}
}
@article {2980,
	title = {Organic carbon burial by river meandering partially offsets bank erosion carbon fluxes in a discontinuous permafrost floodplain},
	journal = {Earth Surface Dynamics},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2022},
	month = {05/2022},
	pages = {421 - 435},
	abstract = {Arctic river systems erode permafrost in their banks and mobilize particulate organic carbon (OC). Meandering rivers can entrain particulate OC from permafrost many meters below the depth of annual thaw, potentially enabling the production of greenhouse gases. However, the amount and fate of permafrost OC that is mobilized by river erosion is uncertain. To constrain OC fluxes due to riverbank erosion and deposition, we collected riverbank and floodplain sediment samples along the Koyukuk River, which meanders through discontinuous permafrost in the Yukon River watershed, Alaska, USA, with an average migration rate of 0.52 m yr-1. We measured sediment total OC (TOC) content, radiocarbon activity, water content, bulk density, grain size, and floodplain stratigraphy. Radiocarbon activity and TOC content were higher in samples dominated by silt as compared to sand, which we used to map OC content onto floodplain stratigraphy and estimate carbon fluxes due to river meandering. Results showed that the Koyukuk River erodes and re-deposits a substantial flux of OC each year due to its depth and high migration rate, generating a combined OC flux of a similar magnitude to the floodplain net ecological productivity. However, sediment being eroded from cutbanks and deposited as point bars had similar OC stocks (mean {\textpm} 1 SD of 125.3{\textpm}13.1 kg OC m-2 in cutbanks versus 114.0{\textpm}15.7 kg OC m-2 in point bars) whether or not the banks contained permafrost. We also observed radiocarbon-depleted biospheric OC in both cutbanks and permafrost-free point bars. These results indicate that a substantial fraction of aged biospheric OC that is liberated from floodplains by bank erosion is subsequently re-deposited in point bars rather than being oxidized. The process of aging, erosion, and re-deposition of floodplain organic material may be intrinsic to river{\textendash}floodplain dynamics, regardless of permafrost content.},
	doi = {10.5194/esurf-10-421-2022},
	url = {https://esurf.copernicus.org/articles/10/421/2022/},
	author = {Douglas, Madison M. and Li, Gen K. and Fischer, Woodward W. and Rowland, Joel C. and Kemeny, Preston C. and West, A. Joshua and Schwenk, Jon and Piliouras, Anastasia P. and Chadwick, Austin J. and Lamb, Michael P.}
}
@article {2961,
	title = {Persistence of old soil carbon under changing climate: The role of mineral-organic matter interactions},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {587},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-01-2022},
	pages = {120629},
	abstract = {Globally, soils store between 1500 and 2800 Pg of organic carbon (OC). The physical and chemical stability of these terrestrial soil carbon stores under plausible climate change scenarios is unclear. Soil organic carbon (SOC), especially in volcanic soils, is stabilized through mineral matrix interactions. How susceptible are these mineral-organic matter interactions to environmental change? Here we present a study of SOC age along a climate gradient of andisols from Kohala volcano on the Island of Hawai{\textquoteright}i. We measure carbon isotope composition (14C/12C, 13C/12C) in bulk samples and extracted biomarkers for 4{\textendash}8 horizons of 15 soil profiles to understand variability in SOC age and persistence across incremental differences in mean annual precipitation. Bulk OC in the subsoil has radiocarbon fraction modern (Fm) values as low as 0.28 to 0.16 (~10,160 to ~14,630 conventional radiocarbon years). Coexisting plant-derived long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) are older, over 22,500 yrs. (Fm = 0.060), implying that these are among the most stable compounds in the soil, while corresponding shorter-chain (C16) fatty acids are much younger, consistent with an origin from active microbial communities assimilating young OC percolating from surface horizons. There is significant Fe loss at higher mean annual precipitation (MAP) (>2200 mm yr-1) sites associated with episodic soil saturation and microbial Fe reduction. \%OC is higher at these sites, consistent with the expectation that saturated conditions promote SOC storage. However, in these higher MAP sites iron depletion is associated with much younger bulk SOC and LCFAs 14C ages (~2900 14C years) than at equivalent sample depths in sites that retain most Fe (~14,200 14C years). The remaining mineral matrix consists primarily of Si, Al, and Ti as SRO minerals. The data imply that modest increases in precipitation resulting from environmental change at locations near a potential saturation or redox threshold could result in destabilization of Fe-SOC complexes, rendering previously stabilized carbon available for rapid degradation, potentially irreversibly decreasing the size of the old SOC reservoir. The destabilization of an old, persistent Fe-SOC reservoir can decrease SOC storage and ultimately increase the amount of CO2 released to the atmosphere.},
	issn = {00092541},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120629},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0009254121005726},
	author = {Grant, Katherine E. and Galy, Valier V. and Haghipour, Negar and Eglinton, Timothy I. and Derry, Louis A.}
}
@article {thompson_use_2022,
	title = {Use of δ18Oatm in dating a Tibetan ice core record of Holocene/Late Glacial climate},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {119},
	number = {45},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	month = {11/2022},
	pages = {e2205545119},
	abstract = {Ice cores from the northwestern Tibetan Plateau (NWTP) contain long records of regional climate variability, but refrozen meltwater and dust in these cores has hampered development of robust timescales. Here, we introduce an approach to dating the ice via the isotopic composition of atmospheric O2 in air bubbles (δ18Oatm), along with annual layer counting and radiocarbon dating. We provide a robust chronology for water isotope records (δ18Oice and d-excess) from three ice cores from the Guliya ice cap in the NWTP. The measurement of δ18Oatm, although common in polar ice core timescales, has rarely been used on ice cores from low-latitude, high-altitude glaciers due to (1) low air pressure, (2) the common presence of refrozen melt that adds dissolved gases and reduces the amount of air available for analysis, and (3) the respiratory consumption of molecular oxygen (O2) by micro-organisms in the ice, which fractionates the δ18O of O2 from the atmospheric value. Here, we make corrections for melt and respiration to address these complications. The resulting records of water isotopes from the Guliya ice cores reveal climatic variations over the last 15,000 y, the timings of which correspond to those observed in independently dated lake and speleothem records and confirm that the Guliya ice cap existed before the Holocene. The millennial-scale drivers of δ18Oice are complex and temporally variable; however, Guliya δ18Oice values since the mid-20th century are the highest since the beginning of the Holocene and have increased with regional air temperature.},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.2205545119},
	url = {https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2205545119},
	author = {Thompson, Lonnie G. and Severinghaus, Jeffrey P. and Yao, Tandong and Davis, Mary E. and Mosley-Thompson, Ellen and Beaudon, Emilie and Sierra-Hern{\'a}ndez, M. Roxana and Porter, Stacy E.}
}
@article {2926,
	title = {Centennial-scale age offsets of plant wax n-alkanes in Adirondack lake sediments},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {300},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-05-2021},
	pages = {119 - 136},
	issn = {00167037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2021.02.022},
	url = {https://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\&SrcApp=search\&SrcAuth=Alerting\&SID=8FcXJjl9GsiAmhuIO65\&customersID=Alerting\&mode=FullRecord\&IsProductCode=Yes\&AlertId=ab9062f8-b111-4f95-},
	author = {Freimuth, Erika J. and Diefendorf, Aaron F. and Lowell, Thomas V. and Schartman, Anna K. and Landis, Joshua D. and Stewart, Alexander K. and Bates, Benjamin R.}
}
@article {2921,
	title = {Climate control on terrestrial biospheric carbon turnover},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {118},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Nov-02-2022},
	pages = {e2011585118},
	abstract = {Terrestrial vegetation and soils hold three times more carbon than the atmosphere. Much debate concerns how anthropogenic activity will perturb these surface reservoirs, potentially exacerbating ongoing changes to the climate system. Uncertainties specifically persist in extrapolating point-source observations to ecosystem-scale budgets and fluxes, which require consideration of vertical and lateral processes on multiple temporal and spatial scales. To explore controls on organic carbon (OC) turnover at the river basin scale, we present radiocarbon (C-14) ages on two groups of molecular tracers of plant-derived carbon-leaf-wax lipids and lignin phenols-from a globally distributed suite of rivers. We find significant negative relationships between the C-14 age of these biomarkers and mean annual temperature and precipitation. Moreover, riverine biospheric-carbon ages scale proportionally with basin-wide soil carbon turnover times and soil C-14 ages, implicating OC cycling within soils as a primary control on exported biomarker ages and revealing a broad distribution of soil OC reactivities. The ubiquitous occurrence of a long-lived soil OC pool suggests soil OC is globally vulnerable to perturbations by future temperature and precipitation increase. Scaling of riverine biospheric-carbon ages with soil OC turnover shows the former can constrain the sensitivity of carbon dynamics to environmental controls on broad spatial scales. Extracting this information from fluvially dominated sedimentary sequences may inform past variations in soil OC turnover in response to anthropogenic and/or climate perturbations. In turn, monitoring riverine OC composition may help detect future climate-change-induced perturbations of soil OC turnover and stocks.},
	keywords = {Carbon cycle, carbon turnover times, fluvial carbon, plant biomarkers, radiocarbon},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.2011585118},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349357864_Climate_control_on_terrestrial_biospheric_carbon_turnover},
	author = {Eglinton, Timothy I. and Galy, Valier V. and Hemingway, Jordon D. and Feng, Xiaojuan and Bao, Hongyan and Blattmann, Thomas M. and Dickens, Angela F. and Gies, Hannah and Giosan, Liviu and Haghipour, Negar and Hou, Pengfei and Lupker, Maarten and McIntyre, Cameron P. and Montlu{\c c}on, Daniel B. and Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard and Ponton, Camilo and Schefu{\ss}, Enno and Schwab, Melissa S. and Voss, Britta M. and Wacker, Lukas and Wu, Ying and Zhao, Meixun}
}
@article {2999,
	title = {Geomorphic expression and slip rate of the Fairweather fault, southeast Alaska, and evidence for predecessors of the 1958 rupture},
	journal = {Geosphere},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2021},
	month = {05/2021},
	pages = {711 - 738},
	abstract = {Active traces of the southern Fairweather fault were revealed by light detection and ranging (lidar) and show evidence for transpressional deformation between North America and the Yakutat block in southeast Alaska. We map the Holocene geomorphic expression of tectonic deformation along the southern 30 km of the Fairweather fault, which ruptured in the 1958 moment magnitude 7.8 earthquake. Digital maps of surficial geology, geomorphology, and active faults illustrate both strike-slip and dip-slip deformation styles within a 10{\textdegree}{\textendash}30{\textdegree} double restraining bend where the southern Fairweather fault steps offshore to the Queen Charlotte fault. We measure offset landforms along the fault and calibrate legacy 14C data to reassess the rate of Holocene strike-slip motion (>=49 mm/yr), which corroborates published estimates that place most of the plate boundary motion on the Fairweather fault. Our slip-rate estimates allow a component of oblique-reverse motion to be accommodated by contractional structures west of the Fairweather fault consistent with geodetic block models. Stratigraphic and structural relations in hand-dug excavations across two active fault strands provide an incomplete paleoseismic record including evidence for up to six surface ruptures in the past 5600 years, and at least two to four events in the past 810 years. The incomplete record suggests an earthquake recurrence interval of >=270 years{\textemdash}much longer than intervals \&lt;100 years implied by published slip rates and expected earthquake displacements. Our paleoseismic observations and map of active traces of the southern Fairweather fault illustrate the complexity of transpressional deformation and seismic potential along one of Earth{\textquoteright}s fastest strike-slip plate boundaries.},
	isbn = {1553-040X},
	doi = {10.1130/GES02299.1},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02299.1},
	author = {Witter, Robert C. and Bender, Adrian M. and Scharer, Katherine M. and DuRoss, Christopher B. and Haeussler, Peter J. and Lease, Richard O.}
}
@article {2940,
	title = {Inverted channel variations identified on a distal portion of a bajada in the central Atacama Desert, Chile},
	journal = {Geomorphology},
	volume = {393},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-11-2021},
	pages = {107925},
	abstract = {In deserts, the interplay between occasional fluvial events and persistent aeolian erosion can form composite modern and relict surfaces, especially on the distal portion of alluvial fans. There, relief inversion of alluvial deposits by differential erosion can form longitudinal ridges. We identified two distinct ridge types formed by relief inversion on converging alluvial fans in the hyperarid Chilean Atacama Desert. Although they are co-located and similar in scale, the ridge types have different ages and formation histories that apparently correspond to minor paleoclimate variations. Gravel-armored ridges are remnants of deflated alluvial deposits with a bimodal sediment distribution (gravel and sand) dated to a minor pluvial phase at the end of the Late Pleistocene (similar to 12 kyr). In contrast, younger (similar to 9 kyr) sulfate-capped ridges formed during a minor arid phase with evaporite deposition in a pre-existing channel that armored the underlying deposits. Collectively, inverted channels at Salar de Llamara resulted from multiple episodes of surface overland flow and standing water spanning several thousand years. Based on ridge relief and age, the minimum long-term deflation rate is 0.1-0.2 m/kyr, driven primarily by wind erosion. This case study is an example of the equifinality concept whereby different processes lead to similar landforms. The complex history of the two ridge types can only be generally constrained in remotely sensed data. In situ observations are required to discern the specifics of the aqueous history, including the flow type, magnitude, sequence, and paleoenvironment. These findings have relevance for interpreting similar landforms on Mars.},
	issn = {0169555X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107925},
	url = {https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000702871000005?AlertId=4d48b20a-7d27-4fa2-a6a8-37f0daa89864\&SID=5CCv4BEH6pVsodTqSwx},
	author = {Williams, Rebecca M.E. and Irwin, Rossman P. and Noe Dobrea, Eldar Z. and Howard, Alan D. and Dietrich, William E. and Cawley, J.C.}
}
@article {2937,
	title = {Lacustrine leaf wax hydrogen isotopes indicate strong regional climate feedbacks in Beringia since the last ice age},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {269},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-10-2021},
	pages = {107130},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107130},
	url = {https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000694971400005?AlertId=4d48b20a-7d27-4fa2-a6a8-37f0daa89864\&SID=7FJ1KjxGlxJRYob6iqu},
	author = {Daniels, W.C. and Russell, J.M. and Morrill, C. and Longo, W.M. and Giblin, A.E. and Holland-Stergar, P. and Welker, J.M. and Wen, X. and Hu, A. and Huang, Y.}
}
@article {2929,
	title = {A maximum rupture model for the central and southern Cascadia subduction zone{\textemdash}reassessing ages for coastal evidence of megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {261},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-06-2021},
	pages = {106922},
	abstract = {A new history of great earthquakes (and their tsunamis) for the central and southern Cascadia subduction zone shows more frequent (17 in the past 6700 yr) megathrust ruptures than previous coastal chronologies. The history is based on along-strike correlations of Bayesian age models derived from evaluation of 554 radiocarbon ages that date earthquake evidence at 14 coastal sites. We reconstruct a history that accounts for all dated stratigraphic evidence with the fewest possible ruptures by evaluating the sequence of age models for earthquake or tsunami contacts at each site, comparing the degree of temporal overlap of correlated site age models, considering evidence for closely spaced earthquakes at four sites, and hypothesizing only maximum-length megathrust ruptures. For the past 6700 yr, recurrence for all earthquakes is 370e420 yr. But correlations suggest that ruptures at-1.5 ka and-1.1 ka were of limited extent (<400 km). If so, post-3-ka recurrence for ruptures extending throughout central and southern Cascadia is 510e540 yr. But the range in the times between earthquakes is large: two instances may be-50 yr, whereas the longest are-550 and-850 yr. The closely spaced ruptures about 1.6 ka may illustrate a pattern common at subduction zones of a long gap ending with a great earthquake rupturing much of the subduction zone, shortly followed by a rupture of more limited extent. The ruptures of limited extent support the continued inclusion of magnitude-8 earthquakes, with longer ruptures near magnitude 9, in assessments of seismic hazard in the region. },
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106922},
	url = {https://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\&SrcApp=search\&SrcAuth=Alerting\&SID=6DMZZppDlBSzMpeHDG2\&customersID=Alerting\&mode=FullRecord\&IsProductCode=Yes\&AlertId=4d48b20a-7d27-4fa2-},
	author = {Nelson, Alan R. and DuRoss, Christopher B. and Witter, Robert C. and Kelsey, Harvey M. and Engelhart, Simon E. and Mahan, Shannon A. and Gray, Harrison J. and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Padgett, Jason S.}
}
@article {2989,
	title = {The triple argon isotope composition of groundwater on ten-thousand-year timescales},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {583},
	year = {2021},
	month = {11/2021},
	pages = {120458},
	abstract = {Understanding the age and movement of groundwater is important for predicting the vulnerability of wells to contamination, constraining flow models that inform sustainable groundwater management, and interpreting geochemical signals that reflect past climate. Due to both the ubiquity of groundwater with order ten-thousand-year residence times and its importance for climate reconstruction of the last glacial period, there is a strong need for improving geochemical dating tools on this timescale. Whereas 14C of dissolved inorganic carbon and dissolved 4He are common age tracers for Late Pleistocene groundwater, each is limited by systematic uncertainties related to aquifer composition and lithology, and the extent of water-rock interaction. In principle, radiogenic 40Ar in groundwater acquired from decay of 40K in aquifer minerals should be insensitive to some processes that impact 14C and 4He and thus represent a useful, complementary age tracer. In practice, however, detection of significant radiogenic 40Ar signals in groundwater has been limited to a small number of studies of extremely old groundwater (>100~ka). Here we present the first high-precision (<1{\textperthousand}) measurements of triple Ar isotopes (40Ar, 38Ar, 36Ar) in groundwater. We introduce a model that distinguishes radiogenic 40Ar from atmospheric 40Ar by using the non-radiogenic Ar isotopes (36Ar, 38Ar) to correct for mass-dependent fractionation. Using this model, we investigate variability in radiogenic 40Ar excess (Δ40Ar) across 58 groundwater samples collected from 36 wells throughout California (USA). We find that Δ40Ar ranges from ~0{\textperthousand} (the expected minimum value) to +4.2{\textperthousand} across three study areas near Fresno, San Diego, and the western Mojave Desert. Based on measurements from a network of 23 scientific monitoring wells in San Diego, we find evidence for a strong dependence of Δ40Ar on aquifer lithology. We suggest that Δ40Ar is fundamentally controlled by the weathering of old K-bearing minerals and thus reflects both the degree of groundwater-rock interaction, which is related to groundwater age, and the integrated flow through different geological formations. Future studies of Late Pleistocene groundwater may benefit from high-precision triple Ar isotope measurements as a new tool to better interpret 14C- and 4He-based constraints on groundwater age and flow.},
	keywords = {groundwater, Groundwater dating, Isotope geochemistry, Noble gas},
	isbn = {0009-2541},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120458},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009254121004010},
	author = {Seltzer, Alan M. and Krantz, John A. and Ng, Jessica and Danskin, Wesley R. and Bekaert, David V. and Barry, Peter H. and Kimbrough, David L. and Kulongoski, Justin T. and Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {2931,
	title = {Using Radiocarbon to Assess the Abundance, Distribution, and Nature of Labile Organic Carbon in Marine Sediments},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-06-2021},
	abstract = {Positive C-14 gradients have recently been observed within the surface mixed layer of several continental-margin sediments. The best explanation for these positive C-14 gradients is the occurrence and rapid degradation of labile organic carbon (LOC) in the upper 5-10 cm of the seabed. Based on a two-component model for sedimentary organic matter (i.e., a planktonic labile component and an older refractory component), bulk (14)Corg data were used to determine the abundances of LOC within the surface mixed layers of three cores from the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) shelf and one core from San Clemente Basin (California Borderland). LOC contents in surface samples from the four stations varied from 0.5 to 1.1 mg/cm(3), comprising 20\% (San Clemente Basin) to 80\% (WAP, Sta. G) of the total organic carbon. By incorporating a steady state diagenetic model and particle-mixing bioturbation coefficients, the LOC profiles were used to determine LOC turnover times (LOC tau) and LOC e-folding depths. The LOC tau values for the West Antarctic Peninsula sediments varied from 0.09 to 0.59 years, whereas the LOC tau value from the San Clemente Basin core was 63 years. The LOC e-folding depths for the WAP stations varied from 0.8 to 3.4 cm, in contrast to the LOC e-folding depth in San Clemente Basin, which was 4.0 cm. LOC characteristics from the four cores examined in this study were compared to LOC data in the literature as a means of substantiating the overall C-14(org)-based approach and justifying model assumptions.},
	issn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2020GB006676},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GB006676https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2020GB006676https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2020GB006676https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1029/2020GB006676},
	author = {DeMaster, D. J. and Taylor, R. S. and Smith, C. R. and Isla, E. and Thomas, C. J.}
}
@article {denton_zealandia_2021,
	title = {The Zealandia Switch: Ice age climate shifts viewed from Southern Hemisphere moraines},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {257},
	year = {2021},
	month = {04/2021},
	pages = {106771},
	abstract = {Two fundamental questions about the ice-age climate system await satisfactory resolution. First, if summer solar radiation intensity truly controls the orbital signature of the last glacial cycle, then why were major climatic shifts, including the last termination, globally synchronous? Second, what caused the millennial-scale climate oscillations superimposed on this cycle? We address these questions from a Southern Hemisphere perspective focused on mid-latitude mountain ice fields. We put particular emphasis on the last glacial termination, which involved both orbital-scale and millennial-scale climate elements and has generally well-resolved chronological control. Sustained retreat of mountain glaciers, documented by detailed mapping and chronology of glacial landforms in the Southern Alps and southern Andes, marked the termination of the last ice age, beginning \~{}18 kyrs ago and involved a change from glacial to near-interglacial atmospheric temperature within a millennium or two. A rapid poleward shift of the Subtropical Front, delineating the northern margin of the Southern Ocean, \~{}18 kyrs ago implies a concurrent poleward shift of the austral westerlies and leads us to hypothesize a southern origin for the dominant phase of the last glacial termination. Together with interhemispheric paleoclimate records and with results of coupled ocean-atmosphere climate modeling, these findings suggest a big, fast, and global end to the last ice age in which a southern-sourced warming episode linked the hemispheres. We posit that a shift in the Southern Ocean circulation and austral westerly wind system, tied to southern orbital forcing, caused this global warming episode by affecting the tropical heat engine and hence global climate. Central to this hypothesis, dubbed the {\textquoteleft}Zealandia Switch{\textquoteright}, is the location of the Australia and Zealandia continents relative to Southern Hemisphere oceanic and atmospheric circulation. Coupled ocean-atmosphere climate modeling shows that the locus of the austral westerlies, whether in a more equatorward position representing a glacial-mode climate or in a poleward-shifted position marking interglacial-mode climate, has profound effects on oceanic and associated atmospheric linkages between the tropical Pacific and the Southern Ocean. Shifts in the austral westerlies have global climatic consequences, especially through resulting changes in the greenhouse gas content of the atmosphere and altered heat flux from the tropical Pacific into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. We suggest that the last glacial termination was a global warming episode that led to extreme seasonality in northern latitudes by stimulating a flush of meltwater and icebergs into the North Atlantic from adjoining ice sheets. This fresh-water influx resulted in widespread North Atlantic sea ice that caused very cold boreal winters, thus amplifying the annual southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the monsoonal rain belts. We further suggest that muted manifestations of the Zealandia Switch mechanism were responsible for smaller, recurring millennial-scale climate oscillations within the last glacial cycle.},
	keywords = {Climate dynamics, Climate modeling, Cosmogenic isotopes, Geomorphology, Glacial, Glaciation, paleoclimatology, Quaternary, South Pacific Ocean, Southern Hemisphere westerlies, Southern Ocean},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106771},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379120307332},
	author = {Denton, George H. and Putnam, Aaron E. and Russell, Joellen L. and Barrell, David J. A. and Schaefer, Joerg M. and Kaplan, Michael R. and Strand, Peter D.}
}
@article {2919,
	title = {Aquifer-Scale Observations of Iron Redox Transformations in Arsenic-Impacted Environments to Predict Future Contamination},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology Letters},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Aug-12-2020},
	pages = {916 - 922},
	abstract = {Iron oxides control the mobility of a host of contaminants in aquifer systems, and the microbial reduction of iron oxides in the subsurface is linked to high levels of arsenic in groundwater that affects greater than 150 million people globally. Paired observations of groundwater and solid-phase aquifer composition are critical to understand spatial and temporal trends in contamination and effectively manage changing water resources, yet field-representative mineralogical data are sparse across redox gradients relevant to arsenic contamination. We characterize iron mineralogy using X-ray absorption spectroscopy across a natural gradient of groundwater arsenic contamination in Vietnam. Hierarchical cluster analysis classifies sediments into meaningful groups delineating weathering and redox changes, diagnostic of depositional history, in this first direct characterization of redox transformations in the field. Notably, these groupings reveal a signature of iron minerals undergoing active reduction before the onset of arsenic contamination in groundwater. Pleistocene sediments undergoing postdepositional reduction may be more extensive than previously recognized due to previous misclassification. By upscaling to similar environments in South and Southeast Asia via multinomial logistic regression modeling, we show that active iron reduction, and therefore susceptibility to future arsenic contamination, is more widely distributed in presumably pristine aquifers than anticipated.},
	keywords = {BANGLADESH, BENGAL BASIN, groundwater, PLEISTOCENE AQUIFER, POLLUTION, RELEASE, RIVER DELTA, Sediment, TRANSPORT, VIETNAM},
	issn = {2328-8930},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.estlett.0c0067210.1021/acs.estlett.0c00672.s00110.1021/acs.estlett.0c00672.s00210.1021/acs.estlett.0c00672.s00310.1021/acs.estlett.0c00672.s004},
	url = {https://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\&SrcApp=search\&SrcAuth=Alerting\&SID=8AkJOJLKFU3j5nkGaRI\&customersID=Alerting\&mode=FullRecord\&IsProductCode=Yes\&AlertId=4d48b20a-7d27-4fa2-},
	author = {Nghiem, Athena A. and Shen, Yating and Stahl, Mason and Sun, Jing and Haque, Ezazul and DeYoung, Beck and Nguyen, Khue N. and Thi Mai, Tran and Trang, Pham Thi Kim and Pham, Hung Viet and Mailloux, Brian and Harvey, Charles F. and van Geen, Alexander and Bostick, Benjam{\'\i}n C.}
}
@article {2883,
	title = {Clumped Isotopes Link Older Carbon Substrates With Slower Rates of Methanogenesis in Northern Lakes},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Apr-03-2022},
	abstract = {The release of long-stored carbon from thawed permafrost could fuel increased methanogenesis in northern lakes, but it remains unclear whether old carbon substrates released from permafrost are metabolized as rapidly by methanogenic microbial communities as recently produced organic carbon. Here, we apply methane (CH4) clumped isotope (Δ18) and 14C measurements to test whether rates of methanogenesis are related to carbon substrate age. Results from culture experiments indicate that Δ18 values are negatively correlated with CH4 production rate. Measurements of ebullition samples from thermokarst lakes in Alaska and glacial lakes in Sweden indicate strong negative correlations between CH4 Δ18 and the fraction modern carbon. These correlations imply that CH4 derived from older carbon substrates is produced relatively slowly. Relative rates of methanogenesis, as inferred from Δ18 values, are not positively correlated with CH4 flux estimates, highlighting the likely importance of environmental variables other than CH4 production rates in controlling ebullition fluxes.},
	keywords = {clumped isotopes, ebullition flux, lakes, methane, permafrost, radiocarbon},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2019GL086756},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019GL086756},
	author = {Douglas, Peter M. J. and Gonzalez Moguel, Regina and Walter Anthony, Katey M. and Wik, Martin and Crill, Patrick M. and Dawson, Katherine S. and Smith, Derek A. and Yanay, Ella and Lloyd, Max K. and Stolper, Daniel A. and Eiler, John M. and Sessions, Alex L.}
}
@article {2916,
	title = {Evaluating the effects of regional climate trends along the West Antarctic Peninsula shelf based on the seabed distribution of naturally occurring radioisotopic tracers},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {429},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-11-2020},
	pages = {106315},
	abstract = {Measurements of Th-230, C-14, Pb-210 and Th-234 activities were made on sediment cores collected along a N-S transect exhibiting a gradient in annual sea-ice duration off the West Antarctic Peninsula. The resultant data were used to evaluate the effects of regional warming on particle flux reaching the seabed on timescales from millennial to seasonal. Shelf samples were collected at five stations, over three cruises, between February 2008 and March 2009, as part of the FOODBANCS2 Project. Sea-ice conditions (the number of days ice-free prior to core collection) were evaluated at the five stations to understand the relationship between ice abundance and particle/radionuclide flux. Based on the millennial tracer C-14, rates of sediment accumulation along the peninsula decrease southward, consistent with the observed sea-ice gradient. Th-230 data provide additional evidence on millennial timescales that sediment focusing (i.e., lateral transport) occurs to a greater extent in the northern reaches of the study area compared to the southernmost stations. The distribution of steady-state, Pb-210 flux to the seabed (representing centurial trends) displays a similar trend to C-14, showing higher radionuclide/particle flux in the northern study area (where sea-ice duration is diminished) and lower flux southward as sea-ice duration increases. Additionally, Pb-210 data suggest that lateral transport plays an important role in the sediment distributions of this radiotracer on hundred-year timescales, which is explainable by the relatively short circulation times of peninsular waters relative to Pb-210{\textquoteright}s half-life. On seasonal and annual time scales, the distribution of steady-state Th-234 flux to the seabed shows an increase in radionuclide flux at the southernmost stations. This increase in radionuclide flux on seasonal and annual time scales is consistent with the warming trend along the peninsula and the reduction in sea-ice duration over the past decade. A significant statistical relationship, however, could not be established between annual sea-ice free days and Th-234-derived particle flux to the seabed. The fluxes/distributions of long-lived particle-reactive tracers (C-14, Th-230, and Pb-210) on the West Antarctic Peninsula shelf appear to be controlled primarily by the long-term pattern of increasing annual sea-ice duration in the southward direction, whereas the fluxes of the short-lived tracer (Th-234) are consistent with the more recent decreases in sea-ice duration (associated with climate change) that have occurred over the past decade, primarily in the southern West Antarctic Peninsula stations.},
	keywords = {Antarctica, Climate change, Radiochemical flux, Sea-ice, Seabed},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106315},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322720302036},
	author = {Taylor, Richard S. and DeMaster, David J. and Smith, Craig R. and Thomas, Carrie J.}
}
@article {2860,
	title = {High dissolved organic radiocarbon in precipitation during winter and its implication on the carbon cycle},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {742},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-11-2020},
	pages = {140246},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon (14C) analysis is a powerful tool for tracing carbon in the global carbon cycle. Precipitation is a component of the global carbon cycle through which dissolved organic carbon (DOC) enters terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems from the atmosphere. In previous studies, the Δ14C of DOC in rain or snow was negative indicating an input of relatively old organic carbon including fossil fuels, with only a few positive values up to +108{\textperthousand} showing the signal of recent photosynthesis. However, here we report surprisingly high Δ14C-DOC in bulk precipitation, more than 1000{\textperthousand} in Seoul, South Korea, especially when the Northwesterly wind blows during winter. In contrast, Δ14C of particulate organic carbon (POC) in bulk precipitation was negative, indicating that the sources of POC and DOC were different. Although the sources of the high Δ14C-DOC are not clear and future studies on them are required, the relatively high Δ14C-DOC in a nearby headwater stream suggests that precipitation DOC has the potential to affect the local carbon cycle, and that stream DOC derived from terrestrial ecosystems could be older than previously thought. The analysis of Δ14C-DOC of precipitation in many other locations is necessary to understand how long carbon stays in terrestrial ecosystems.},
	issn = {00489697},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140246},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969720337670},
	author = {Cha, Ji-Yeon and Lee, Seung-Cheol and Lee, Eun-Ju and Go, Minjung and Dasari, Kishore Babu and Yim, Yong-Hyeon and Oh, Neung-Hwan}
}
@article {2749,
	title = {Holocene earthquake history and slip rate of the southern Teton fault, Wyoming, USAAbstract},
	journal = {GSA Bulletin},
	volume = {132},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-07-2020},
	pages = {1566 - 1586},
	abstract = {The 72-km-long Teton normal fault bounds the eastern base of the Teton Range in northwestern Wyoming, USA. Although geomorphic surfaces along the fault record latest Pleistocene to Holocene fault movement, the postglacial earthquake history of the fault has remained enigmatic. We excavated a paleoseismic trench at the Buffalo Bowl site along the southernmost part of the fault to determine its Holocene rupture history and slip rate. At the site, \~{}6.3 m of displacement postdates an early Holocene (ca. 10.5 ka) alluvial-fan surface. We document evidence of three surface-faulting earthquakes based on packages of scarp-derived colluvium that postdate the alluvial-fan units. Bayesian modeling of radiocarbon and luminescence ages yields earthquake times of ca. 9.9 ka, ca. 7.1 ka, and ca. 4.6 ka, forming the longest, most complete paleoseismic record of the Teton fault. We integrate these data with a displaced deglacial surface 4 km NE at Granite Canyon to calculate a postglacial to mid-Holocene (14.4{\textendash}4.6 ka) slip rate of \~{}1.1 mm/yr. Our analysis also suggests that the postglacial to early Holocene (14.4{\textendash}9.9 ka) slip rate exceeds the Holocene (9.9{\textendash}4.6 ka) rate by a factor of \~{}2 (maximum of 3); however, a uniform rate for the fault is possible considering the 95\% slip-rate errors. The \~{}5 k.y. elapsed time since the last rupture of the southernmost Teton fault implies a current slip deficit of \~{}4{\textendash}5 m, which is possibly explained by spatially/temporally incomplete paleoseismic data, irregular earthquake recurrence, and/or variable per-event displacement. Our study emphasizes the importance of minimizing slip-rate uncertainties by integrating paleoseismic and geomorphic data sets and capturing multiple earthquake cycles.},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/B35363.110.1130/2020020},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article/132/7-8/1566/575767/Holocene-earthquake-history-and-slip-rate-of-the},
	author = {DuRoss, Christopher B. and Gold, Ryan D. and Briggs, Richard W. and Delano, Jaime E. and Ostenaa, Dean A. and Zellman, Mark S. and Cholewinski, Nicole and Wittke, Seth J. and Mahan, Shannon A.}
}
@article {2762,
	title = {Holocene Rupture History of the Central Teton Fault at Leigh Lake, Grand Teton National Park, WyomingABSTRACT},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	volume = {110},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-02-2020},
	pages = {67 - 82},
	abstract = {Prominent scarps on Pinedale glacial surfaces along the eastern base of the Teton Range confirm latest Pleistocene to Holocene surface-faulting earthquakes on the Teton fault, but the timing of these events is only broadly constrained by a single previous paleoseismic study. We excavated two trenches at the Leigh Lake site near the center of the Teton fault to address open questions about earthquake timing and rupture length. Structural and stratigraphic evidence indicates two surface-faulting earthquakes at the site that postdate deglacial sediments dated by radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence to \~{}10{\textendash}11  ka⁠. Earthquake LL2 occurred at \~{}10.0  ka (9.7{\textendash}10.4 ka; 95\% confidence range) and LL1 at \~{}5.9  ka (4.8{\textendash}7.1 ka; 95\%). LL2 predates an earthquake at \~{}8  ka identified in the previous paleoseismic investigation at Granite Canyon. LL1 corresponds to the most recent Granite Canyon earthquake at \~{}4.7{\textendash}7.9  ka (95\% confidence range). Our results are consistent with the previously documented long-elapsed time since the most recent Teton fault rupture and expand the fault{\textquoteright}s earthquake history into the early Holocen},
	issn = {0037-1106},
	doi = {10.1785/0120190129},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/110/1/67/575484/Holocene-Rupture-History-of-the-Central-Teton},
	author = {Zellman, Mark S. and DuRoss, Christopher B. and Thackray, Glenn D. and Personius, Stephen F. and Reitman, Nadine G. and Mahan, Shannon A. and Brossy, Cooper C.}
}
@article {2759,
	title = {Holocene sedimentation in a blue hole surrounded by carbonate tidal flats in The Bahamas: Autogenic versus allogenic processes},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {419},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-01-2020},
	pages = {106051},
	abstract = {The sediment in North Atlantic blue holes preserves paleoclimate records. However, accurate paleoclimate reconstructions require an improved understanding of allogenic versus autogenic processes controlling blue hole sedimentation. Here we provide a detailed case study of the Holocene stratigraphy within Freshwater River Blue Hole, which is currently surrounded by carbonate tidal flats in the northern Bahamas (Abaco Island). During the Holocene, concomitant coastal aquifer elevation and relative sea-level rise controlled internal blue hole depositional environments. The general Holocene facies succession observed is: (i) basal detrital and freshwater peat, (ii) palustrine to lacustrine marl, (iii) algal sapropel, and finally (iv) bedded carbonate mud. During the middle Holocene when groundwater levels were lower, small changes in accommodation space that were inherited from the bedrock surface below (<1 m) were able to promote significant lateral facies changes. Multiple cores are needed to characterize these lateral facies changes. Hydrographic characteristics of the coastal aquifer (e.g., vertical position, stratification, salinity) relative to the blue hole benthos exert a fundamental control on (a) benthic flora and meiofauna (e.g., charophytes, ostracodes, foraminifera, gastropods) and (b) organic matter production and preservation from pelagic productivity. Over the last 5000 years, water column stratification in Freshwater River Blue Hole was interrupted on millennial to sub-decadal timescales , which are potentially linked to changing aquifer recharge and rainfall. Lastly, historical intense hurricanes passing closely to the west of the site may have promoted deposition of coarse beds at the site. However, the lack of carbonate tidal flat microfaunal remains (foraminifera: Peneroplis) within these coarse intervals indicates that Freshwater River Blue Hole does not preserve a reliable record of hurricane-induced overwash deposition from the carbonate tidal flats during the last 2300 years.},
	keywords = {Carbonate tidal flats, carbonates, North Atlantic Bahamas, sinkhole},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2019.106051},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025322719301811},
	author = {van Hengstum, Peter J. and Winkler, Tyler S. and Tamalavage, Anne E. and Sullivan, Richard M. and Little, Shawna N. and MacDonald, Dana and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Albury, Nancy A.}
}
@article {2830,
	title = {The Hooskanaden Landslide: historic and recent surge behavior of an active earthflow on the Oregon Coast},
	journal = {Landslides},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-06-2022},
	abstract = {This paper presents an analysis of the Hooskanaden Landslide, an earthflow, which experienced a dramatic surge event beginning on February 24, 2019, closing US Highway 101 near mile point 343.5 for nearly 2 weeks. This ~ 1 km long surge event resulted in horizontal displacements of up to 45 m and uplift of 6 m at the toe located on a gravel beach adjacent to the Pacific Ocean. The Hooskanaden Landslide, likely active since the eighteenth century, exhibits regular activity with a recurrence interval of major surge events of approximately every 20 years, transitioning from slow to relatively rapid velocities. During the 2019 event, maximum displacement rates of approximately 60 cm/h were observed, slowly decreasing to 15 cm/h for a sustained period of approximately 2 weeks before the eventual return to baseline conditions (< 0.02 cm/h).},
	issn = {1612-510X},
	doi = {10.1007/s10346-020-01466-8},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10346-020-01466-8},
	author = {Alberti, Stefano and Senogles, Andrew and Kingen, Kara and Booth, Adam and Castro, Pete and DeKoekkoek, Jill and Glover-Cutter, Kira and Mohney, Curran and Olsen, Michael and Leshchinsky, Ben}
}
@article {2776,
	title = {Identifying the Greatest Earthquakes of the Past 2000 Years at the Nehalem River Estuary, Northern Oregon Coast, USA},
	journal = {Open Quaternary},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Feb-01-2021},
	abstract = {We infer a history of three great megathrust earthquakes during the past 2000 years at the Nehalem River estuary based on the lateral extent of sharp (<=3 mm) peat-mud stratigraphic contacts in cores and outcrops, coseismic subsidence as interpreted from fossil diatom assemblages and reconstructed with foraminiferal assemblages using a Bayesian transfer function, and regional correlation of 14C-modeled ages for the times of subsidence. A subsidence contact from 1700 CE (contact A), sometimes overlain by tsunami-deposited sand, can be traced over distances of 7 km. Contacts B and D, which record subsidence during two earlier megathrust earthquakes, are much less extensive but are traced across a 700-m by 270-m tidal marsh. Although some other Cascadia studies report evidence for an earthquake between contacts B and D, our lack of extensive evidence for such an earthquake may result from the complexities of preserving identifiable evidence of it in the rapidly shifting shoreline environments of the lower river and bay. Ages (95\% intervals) and subsidence for contacts are: A, 1700 CE (1.1 {\textpm} 0.5 m); B, 942{\textendash}764 cal a BP (0.7 {\textpm} 0.4 m and 1.0 m {\textpm} 0.4 m); and D, 1568{\textendash}1361 cal a BP (1.0 m {\textpm} 0.4 m). Comparisons of contact subsidence and the degree of overlap of their modeled ages with ages for other Cascadia sites are consistent with megathrust ruptures many hundreds of kilometers long. But these data cannot conclusively distinguish among different types or lengths of ruptures recorded by the three great earthquake contacts at the Nehalem River estuary.},
	keywords = {Bayesian transfer function, Cascadia subduction zone, Coseismic subsidence, earthquake hazards, Paleoseismology, salt-marsh stratigraphy, Sea-level changes, tidal foraminifera and diatoms},
	doi = {10.5334/oq.70},
	url = {http://www.openquaternary.com/articles/10.5334/oq.70/},
	author = {Nelson, Alan R. and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Sawai, Yuki and Engelhart, Simon E. and Witter, Rob and Grant-Walter, Wendy C. and Bradley, Lee-Ann and Dura, Tina and Cahill, Niamh and Horton, Ben}
}
@article {2913,
	title = {Insolation and greenhouse gases drove Holocene winter and spring warming in Arctic Alaska},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {242},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-08-2020},
	pages = {106438},
	abstract = {Global surface temperature changes and their drivers during the Holocene Epoch remain controversial. Syntheses of proxy data indicate that global mean annual temperature declined from the mid-Holocene until the Pre-industrial Era, a trend linked to decreasing Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. In contrast, global climate models simulate increasing mean annual temperatures driven by retreating ice sheets and increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. This proxy-model disagreement may originate from a warm season bias in Northern Hemisphere proxy reconstructions, highlighting the need for new proxies that quantify cold season temperature, especially in Arctic regions that were devoid of continental ice sheets during the Holocene. Here, we present a new 16,000-year winter-spring temperature reconstruction derived from the unsaturation ratio of alkenones (U-3(7)K) in a continuous sedimentary sequence from Lake E5, northern Alaska. We employ a thermodynamic lake model to convert alkenone-inferred lake temperatures into winter-spring air temperature anomalies and we contextualize our proxy reconstruction with climate model output from the region. Our reconstruction shows that winter-spring temperatures warmed rapidly during the deglaciation at 16 and 14 thousand years before present and continued to warm gradually throughout the middle and late Holocene (0.12-0.28 degrees C/thousand years) in concert with regional sea surface temperature and sea ice records. Our results are consistent with climate model simulations and we attribute Holocene warming to rising winter-spring insolation, radiative forcing from rising greenhouse gas concentrations and regional feedbacks. Our reconstructed cold season warming equaled or exceeded summer cooling according to a regional synthesis of temperature records, suggesting that seasonal biases in temperature reconstructions may account for proxy-model disagreements in Holocene temperature trends from Eastern Beringia. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Alkenone, Beringia, Continental biomarkers, Holocene, North America, paleoclimatology, paleolimnology, Proxy data-model comparison, seasonality, Temperature reconstruction},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106438},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379120304005},
	author = {Longo, William M. and Huang, Yongsong and Russell, James M. and Morrill, Carrie and Daniels, William C. and Giblin, Anne E. and Crowther, Josue}
}
@article {2760,
	title = {A late Holocene subfossil Atlantic white cedar tree-ring chronology from the northeastern United States},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {228},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-01-2020},
	pages = {106104},
	abstract = {Tree-rings provide precise annually dated climate information, but their application can be limited by the relatively short lifespan of many trees. To overcome this limitation, tree-ring records can be extended over longer time periods by connecting living trees with older {\textquotedblleft}sub-fossil{\textquotedblright} trees, which can provide information on longer timescales throughout the Holocene. These long chronologies are proxy records of past climate, provide precise chronological information for extreme events, and give insight into the range of natural climate variability prior to the instrumental period. In the densely populated northeastern United States, few tree-ring records are longer than 500 years, and there are no millennial-length tree-ring chronologies for the region. Here, we use a combination of standard dendrochronological and radiocarbon techniques, including use of the 774 CE radiocarbon excursion, to generate an absolutely dated 2500 year-long tree ring record from living, archaeological, and subfossil Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) found in the coastal northeastern United States. Our chronology demonstrates the potential to develop multi-millennial Chamaecyparis thyoides tree-ring records to address previously unanswered questions regarding late Holocene hydroclimate, extreme events, and temperature variability in New England.},
	keywords = {coastal, Geomorphology, Holocene, North America, paleoclimatology, radiogenic isotopes, Tree-rings},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106104},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379119308108},
	author = {Pearl, Jessie K. and Anchukaitis, Kevin J. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Pearson, Charlotte and Pederson, Neil and Lardie Gaylord, Mary C. and McNichol, Ann P. and Cook, Edward R. and Zimmermann, George L.}
}
@article {2820,
	title = {Life and its traces in Antarctica{\textquoteright}s McMurdo Dry Valley paleolakes: a survey of preservation},
	journal = {Micron},
	volume = {131},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-04-2020},
	pages = {102818},
	abstract = {The extremely cold and arid conditions of Antarctica make it uniquely positioned to investigate fundamental questions regarding the persistence of life in extreme environments. Within the McMurdo Dry Valleys and surrounding mountain ranges are multiple ancient relict lakes, paleolakes, with lacustrine deposits spanning from thousands to millions of years in age. Here we present data from light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and radiocarbon dating to catalog the remarkable range of life preserved within these deposits. This includes intact microbes and nanobacteria-sized cocci, CaCO3 precipitations consistent with biogenic calcium, previously undescribed net-like structures, possible dormant spores, and long-extinct yet exquisitely preserved non-vascular plants. These images provide an important reference for further microbiome investigations of Antarctic paleolake samples. In addition, these findings may provide a visual reference for the use of subsurface groundwater microbial communities as an analog for paleolake subsurface water on planets such as Mars.},
	keywords = {Antarctica, Biosignatures, Microbes, Paleolakes, SEM},
	issn = {09684328},
	doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2019.102818},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0968432819304160},
	author = {Greenfield, Samuel R. and Tighe, Scott W. and Bai, Yu and Goerlitz, David S. and Von Turkovich, Michele and Taatjes, Douglas J. and Dragon, Julie A. and Johnson, Sarah Stewart}
}
@article {2912,
	title = {Minimum limiting deglacial ages for the out-of-phase Saginaw Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon methods},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {97},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-09-2020},
	pages = {71 - 87},
	abstract = {Twenty-four new optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon ages from sediment cores in nine lakes associated with the Shipshewana and Sturgis moraines in northern Indiana and southern Michigan estimate when recession of the Saginaw Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet was underway in the southern Great Lakes region, USA. Average OSL ages of 23.4 {\textpm} 2.2 ka for the Shipshewana Moraine and 19.7 {\textpm} 2.2 ka for the Sturgis Moraine are considered minimum limiting deglacial ages for these recessional moraines. The much younger radiocarbon ages are consistent with other regional radiocarbon ages from lakes, and record climate amelioration around ~16.5 cal ka BP. Early recession of the interlobate Saginaw Lobe was well underway by 23.4 {\textpm} 2.2 ka, when the adjacent Lake Michigan and Huron-Erie lobes were a few hundred kilometers farther south and near their maximum southerly limits. The results provide the first time constraints when sediment from the Lake Michigan and Huron-Erie lobes began filling the accommodation space left by the Saginaw Lobe. The difference between the oldest radiocarbon and OSL age is 7400 yr for the Shipshewana Moraine and 3400 yr for the Sturgis Moraine.},
	keywords = {Deglaciation, Lake sediment cores, OSL dating, Radiocarbon lag, Saginaw Lobe, Sturgis Moraine},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1017/qua.2020.12},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/quaternary-research/article/minimum-limiting-deglacial-ages-for-the-outofphase-saginaw-lobe-of-the-laurentide-ice-sheet-using-optically-stimulated-luminescence-osl-and-radiocarbon-methods/EA67A66F68407581E99D7D3A8F1},
	author = {Fisher, Timothy G. and Dziekan, Mitchell R. and McDonald, Jennifer and Lepper, Kenneth and Loope, Henry M. and McCarthy, Francine M.G. and Curry, B. Brandon}
}
@article {2678,
	title = {Otolith-Based Age Estimates of Alligator Gar Assessed Using Bomb Radiocarbon Dating to Greater than 60 Years},
	journal = {North American Journal of Fisheries Management},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-06-2020},
	pages = {613 - 621},
	abstract = {Considerable efforts have been undertaken to characterize population dynamics of the Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula. Accomplishing this task required identification of suitable structures to estimate age. Buckmeier et al. (2012) validated sagittal otoliths to 31 years{\textemdash}the oldest fish in their study. However, they noted that interpreting annuli became increasingly difficult with age and cautioned that difficulties may result in underestimates of age for older fish. In recent years, sampling efforts have resulted in the collection of otoliths from a number of large (>1,800 mm TL) individuals. Age estimates of these fish ranged to 68 years; however, the accuracy of these ages was unknown. Therefore, we used bomb radiocarbon dating to assess accuracy. The technique measures the time-specific increase in the radioactive carbon isotope (14C) in calcified aging structures resulting from the testing of thermonuclear devices in the 1950s and 1960s. An abrupt, worldwide increase in environmental radiocarbon occurred in approximately 1958 and acts as a time stamp, providing a reliable means of corroborating the age estimates of long-lived fishes. Core material (i.e., hatch year), along with a subsample from early growth years, was extracted from the otoliths of 24 Alligator Gar (1,805 to 2,540 mm TL) and analyzed for Δ14C. Estimated age from growth zone counting ranged from 26 to 68 years, corresponding to hatch years spanning from 1946 to 1989. Otolith Δ14C was then plotted against the corresponding hatch years and compared to reference curves for environmental 14C levels across time. Despite evidence of regionally specific trends attributed to differences in groundwater and surface inflows, Δ14C levels in the otoliths were highly correlated with reference data, indicating that age estimates were accurate to within a few years. Thus, our results extend the utility of methods developed by Buckmeier et al. (2012) for Alligator Gar in excess of 60 years and provide greater insight on longevity.},
	issn = {0275-5947},
	doi = {10.1002/nafm.v40.310.1002/nafm.10390},
	url = {https://afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/nafm.10390},
	author = {Daugherty, Daniel J. and Andrews, Allen H. and Smith, Nathan G.}
}
@article {2988,
	title = {The relation of geogenic contaminants to groundwater age, aquifer hydrologic position, water type, and redox conditions in Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain aquifers, eastern and south-central USA},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {723},
	year = {2020},
	month = {06/2020},
	pages = {137835},
	abstract = {Groundwater age distributions developed from carbon-14 (14C), tritium (3H), and helium-4 (4He) concentrations, along with aquifer hydrologic position, water type, and redox conditions, were compared to geogenic contaminants of concern (GCOC) from 252 public-supply wells in six Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain unconsolidated-sediment aquifers. Concentrations of one or more GCOCs in 168 (67\%) wells exceeded MCLs (maximum contaminant levels), SMCLs (secondary MCLs), or HBSLs (health-based screening levels). Human-health benchmark thresholds (MCLs or HBSLs) were exceeded in 31 (12\%) wells, and included 0.8\% for fluoride (F), 2.4\% for arsenic (As), 4\% for lead-210 (210Pb), and 6.7\% for polonium-210 (210Po). Values of pH increase with age and were outside the SMCL in 31\% of wells (23\%~<~6.5 and 7.5\%~>~8.5, SMCL). Among GCOCs with concentrations that increased significantly with groundwater age, the frequency of sentry threshold exceedances (i.e., one-half of MCL, SMCL, or HBSL) included 40\% for dissolved solids (DS), 12\% for chloride (Cl), 3.6\% for F, 4.4\% for As, and 9.5\% for 210Po. Iron (Fe) concentrations did not correlate with groundwater age, but exceeded sentry thresholds in 29\% of wells. Groundwater age, water types, redox, pH, and GCOCs varied because of unique hydrogeologic features of the aquifers (recharge locations and geometry). As expected, primarily confined aquifers had young, oxic, low to near-neutral pH water near the outcrop (recharge area), and older, reduced, high pH water deeper and farther along flow paths. However, unique aquifer hydrogeologic conditions, such as multiple-recharge zones produced anomalous patterns of young and old groundwater at varying depths and locations along flow paths. Evidence for this variability is seen in disequilibrium patterns in the progression of the chemical evolution of groundwater with hydrologic position. When hydrogeologic differences are considered, groundwater age combined with hydrologic-position data, can provide a strong basis for inferring potential occurrence of GCOCs.},
	keywords = {Arsenic, Fluoride, Iron, Lead-210, pH, Polonium-210},
	isbn = {0048-9697},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137835},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720313474},
	author = {Degnan, James R. and Lindsey, Bruce D. and Levitt, Joseph P. and Szabo, Zoltan}
}
@article {2676,
	title = {Removal of Refractory Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-12-2020},
	abstract = {The removal mechanism of refractory deep-ocean dissolved organic carbon (deep-DOC) is poorly understood. The Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP) serves as a natural test basin for assessing the fate of deep-DOC when it is supplied with a large amount of fresh-DOC and exposed to strong solar radiation during the polynya opening in austral summer. We measured the radiocarbon content of DOC in the water column on the western Amundsen shelf. The radiocarbon content of DOC in the surface water of the ASP reflected higher primary production than in the region covered by sea ice. The radiocarbon measurements of DOC, taken two years apart in the ASP, were different, suggesting rapid cycling of DOC. The increase in DOC concentration was less than expected from the observed increase in radiocarbon content from those at the greatest depths. Based on a radiocarbon mass balance, we show that deep-DOC is consumed along with fresh-DOC in the ASP. Our observations imply that water circulation through the surface layer, where fresh-DOC is produced, may play an important role in global DOC cycling.},
	keywords = {CIRCUMPOLAR DEEP-WATER, cycle, DOC, glaciers, INFLOW, MATTER, pacific, phytoplankton, poc, radiocarbon},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-57870-6},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-57870-6http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-57870-6.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-57870-6.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-57870-6},
	author = {Fang, Ling and Lee, SangHoon and Lee, Shin-Ah and Hahm, Doshik and Kim, Guebuem and Druffel, Ellen R. M. and Hwang, Jeomshik}
}
@article {2781,
	title = {Resolving sea ice dynamics in the north-western Ross Sea during the last 2.6 ka: From seasonal to millennial timescales},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {237},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-06-2020},
	pages = {106299},
	abstract = {Time-series analyses of satellite images reveal that sea ice extent in the Ross Sea has experienced significant changes over the last 40 years, likely triggered by large-scale atmospheric anomalies. However, resolving how sea ice in the Ross Sea has changed over longer timeframes has until now remained more elusive. Here we used a laminated sediment piston core (14.6 m) collected from the Edisto inlet (Western Ross Sea) to reconstruct fast ice dynamics over the last 2.6 ka. Our goal was to first understand the climate expression of selected well-defined sediment laminae and then use these characteristics for reconstructing past sea ice behaviour across the whole sedimentary sequence. We used the recently established sea ice diatom biomarker proxy IPSO25 in combination with diatom census counts and bulk analyses. Analyses performed on a suite of discrete laminae revealed statistically significant differences between dark and light laminae reflecting different depositional conditions. Based on their respective biogeochemical fingerprints, we infer that dark laminae accumulated during sea ice thaws in early summer. Under these conditions, laminae contain relatively high concentrations of IPSO25 and display an enriched δ13C composition for the bulk organic matter (OM). While diatom assemblages in dark laminae are relatively homogenous, as the thaw continues later in the summer, Corethron pennatum becomes the dominant diatom species, resulting in the formation of light laminae characterized by low IPSO25 concentrations. Since C. pennatum can migrate vertically through the water column to uptake nutrients and avoid competition in oligotrophic waters, its high concentration likely reflects stratified and ice-free surface waters typical of late summer.

Down-core trends show that the correlation between sediment brightness and geochemical fingerprint (i.e., IPSO25 and δ13C) holds throughout the record. Based on the knowledge gained at lamina level, our down-core high-resolution reconstruction shows that the summer fast ice coverage changed dramatically during the late Holocene. Specifically, we conclude that the Edisto inlet experienced regular early summer opening between 2.6 ka, and ca. 0.7 ka, after which, coastal fast ice persisted during summer months and ice-free conditions became less frequent. Comparison with previous regional ice core data suggests that the sudden cooling recorded over the Victoria Land Coast region since 0.7 ka might potentially explain our observation of persistent summer fast ice in the Western Ross Sea. Our study has shown that multi-proxy data derived from laminated sediments can provide hitherto unknown detail regarding past summer sea ice dynamics in coastal Antarctic regions.},
	keywords = {Fast ice, IPSO25, Laminated sediments, Ross Sea, Sea ice},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106299},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379120302614},
	author = {Tesi, T. and Belt, S.T. and Gariboldi, K. and Muschitiello, F. and Smik, L. and Finocchiaro, F. and Giglio, F. and Colizza, E. and Gazzurra, G. and Giordano, P. and Morigi, C. and Capotondi, L. and Nogarotto, A. and K{\"o}seo{\u g}lu, D. and Di Roberto, A. and Gallerani, A. and Langone, L.}
}
@booklet {hurwitz_silicified_2020,
	title = {Silicified wood from around Old Faithful Geyser, Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey data release},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Type: dataset},
	publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon dating of silicified wood was performed at the U.S. Geological Survey{\textquoteright}s Radiocarbon Laboratory in Denver, Colorado. All samples were chemically treated using the standard acid-base-acid (ABA) procedure before being combusted online in the presence of excess high-purity oxygen. Water and other contaminant gases were removed using cryogenic separation techniques, and the resulting purified CO2 gas was measured manometrically and converted to graphite using an iron catalyst and hydrogen reduction (Vogel et al., 1984). Graphite targets were then submitted for accelerator mass spectrometry 14C analysis at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry facility in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

All 14C ages were calibrated using the IntCal13 dataset and CALIB 7.1html (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993; Reimer et al., 2013). Calibrated age ranges are presented in calibrated years before present (BP; 0 yr BP = 1950 A.D.), and uncertainties are given at the 95\% (2sigma) confidence level.

Select sub-samples of silicified wood were excised with a stainless-steel razor blade and massed into 4 x 6 mm tin capsules (Costech Analytical, Inc, USA). Stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis was conducted by continuous flow-isotope ratio mass spectrometry at the U.S. Geological Survey{\textquoteright}s Stable Isotope Laboratory in Denver, Colorado using a Carlo Erba NC1500 interfaced to a Micromass Optima mass spectrometer.  Isotopic data are reported in per mil notation after normalization to VPDB with USGS 40 (δ13C = -26.39 {\textperthousand}) and USGS 41A (δ13C = 36.55 {\textperthousand}).

This research was conducted under Yellowstone Research Permit YELL-SCI-8030.},
	doi = {10.5066/P9LEQ5HC},
	url = {https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/get/5eb9b5ba82ce25b5135d2718},
	author = {Hurwitz, Shaul and Peek, Sara E and Pigati, Jeff and Honke, Jeff and Damby, David E and Stricker, Craig A and King, John}
}
@article {2671,
	title = {Spatial and temporal variability in Mediterranean climate over the last millennium from vermetid isotope records and CMIP5/PMIP3 models},
	journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
	volume = {189},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-06-2020},
	pages = {103159},
	abstract = {Stable isotope compositions of oxygen (delta O-18) and carbon (delta C-1(3)) of the aragonite skeleton of the reef-building gastropod Dendropoma petreaum provide high-resolution records of the Mediterranean climate over the last millennium. In particular, the isotopic composition of vermetid cores collected from the west and east Mediterranean reveals that the different regions have had distinct thermal and primary production behaviors throughout the last millennium. The rate of warming in the recent Industrial Period is variable among the different regions of the Mediterranean Sea. The delta O-18-derived Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies show that the Eastern Mediterranean surface temperature is increasing much more rapidly than in the Western Mediterranean. Additionally, the signals of the Little Ice Age and of the Medieval Climate Anomaly are more apparent in the western and in the central Mediterranean while they are almost absent in the eastern Mediterranean.

We aim to reconcile the SST temporal and spatial pattern with the variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the South Asian Monsoon (SAM) climate systems by analyzing coupled atmosphere-ocean models from the CMIP5/PMIP3 projects that simulate the global climate of the past 1000 years. We show that even though the NAO is more dominant in the western Mediterranean SST, its latitudinal movement, on a centennial time scale, is evident in the eastern Mediterranean SST signal. We also discuss the Atlantic water inflow role in the observed similarities of the surface productivity signals and the Suess effect that prevail the Industrial Period signal in all regions of the Mediterranean.},
	issn = {09218181},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103159},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103159},
	author = {Amitai, Yael and Yam, Ruth and Montagna, Paolo and Devoti, Saverio and Correa, Matthias L{\'o}pez and Shemesh, Aldo}
}
@article {2845,
	title = {Stable source of Holocene spring precipitation recorded in leaf wax hydrogen-isotope ratios from two New York lakes},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {240},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-07-2020},
	pages = {106357},
	abstract = {Changes in synoptic atmospheric circulation patterns are thought to play a role in establishing millennial scale climate periods during the end of the late glacial and the Holocene. In the northeastern United States, multi-proxy evidence documents fluctuations in effective moisture and temperatures for this time period, but constraining the relationship between atmospheric processes and these climate regimes is not straightforward. Because the hydrogen-isotope ratios of sedimentary terrestrial leaf waxes can reflect precipitation δD, these long-chain hydrocarbon compounds are an excellent tool to investigate moisture sourcing. Here we present lake sediment and leaf wax carbon- and hydrogen-isotope records that span the past \~{}14.0 thousand years from Heart Lake and Moose Pond in the Adirondack Mountains (ADK), New York. High initial lake productivity after basin inception is reflected in low C:N ratios (<15), and higher relative short chain n-alkane (n-C17, n-C19, and n-C21) to long chain n-alkane (n-C27, n-C29 and n-C31) concentration ratios. The Holocene record is characterized by low bulk and n-alkane δ13C (\~{} -28{\textperthousand}, \~{} -31{\textperthousand}, respectively), high ACL25-35 (\~{}28), and high relative concentrations of long chain n-alkane homologues, indicating a dominantly terrestrial source of organic matter for this time period. Hydrogen-isotope ratios of n-C29 n-alkane from both lake basins range only \~{}20{\textperthousand} through the Holocene and reconstructed precipitation δD (δDprecip) from both basins is in good agreement with that of modern modeled spring precipitation. This suggests there may have been no major changes in the sourcing of spring precipitation for the ADK throughout the time of record.},
	keywords = {Holocene, Hydrogen isotopes, late glacial, Leaf wax, North America, Organic geochemistry, paleoclimatology, Precipitation sourcing},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106357},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S027737912030319X},
	author = {Schartman, Anna K. and Diefendorf, Aaron F. and Lowell, Thomas V. and Freimuth, Erika J. and Stewart, Alexander K. and Landis, Joshua D. and Bates, Benjamin R.}
}
@article {hurwitz_yellowstones_2020,
	title = {Yellowstone{\textquoteright}s Old Faithful Geyser Shut Down by a Severe Thirteenth Century Drought},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {47},
	number = {20},
	year = {2020},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2020GL089871},
	month = {10/2020},
	pages = {e2020GL089871},
	abstract = {To characterize eruption activity of the iconic Old Faithful Geyser in Yellowstone National Park over past centuries, we obtained 41 new radiocarbon dates of mineralized wood preserved in the mound of silica that precipitated from erupted waters. Trees do not grow on active geyser mounds, implying that trees grew on the Old Faithful Geyser mound during a protracted period of eruption quiescence. Rooted stumps and root crowns located on higher parts of the mound are evidence that at the time of tree growth, the geyser mound closely resembled its current appearance. The range of calibrated radiocarbon dates (1233{\textendash}1362 CE) is coincident with a series of severe multidecadal regional droughts toward the end of the Medieval Climate Anomaly, prior to the onset of the Little Ice Age. Climate models project increasingly severe droughts by mid-21st century, suggesting that geyser eruptions could become less frequent or completely cease.},
	keywords = {drought, Medieval Climate Anomaly, mineralization, Old Faithful Geyser, radiocarbon, Yellowstone},
	issn = {1944-8007},
	doi = {10.1029/2020GL089871},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020GL089871},
	author = {Hurwitz, Shaul and King, John C. and Pederson, Gregory T. and Martin, Justin T. and Damby, David E. and Manga, Michael and Hungerford, Jefferson D. G. and Peek, Sara}
}
@article {2797,
	title = {Analysis of multiple cosmogenic nuclides constrains Laurentide Ice Sheet history and process on Mt. Mansfield, Vermont{\textquoteright}s highest peak},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {205},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-02-2019},
	pages = {234 - 246},
	abstract = {Constraining glacial history and process on Mt Mansfield, the highest peak in Vermont (1339 m a.s.l.), provides insight into how the Laurentide Ice Sheet shaped the underlying landscape, when latest Pleistocene ice retreated, and how upland and lowland glacial histories relate. Here, we quantify in situ cosmogenic 10Be in 20 bedrock and boulder surfaces, as well as in situ cosmogenic 14C in three of those surfaces, to assess subglacial erosion and exposure history. Isotopic concentrations indicate that Mt. Mansfield{\textquoteright}s lower elevations (\~{}400{\textendash}1200 m a.s.l.) were deeply eroded by at least several meters during the last glaciation and then deglaciated rapidly; 10Be ages across this elevation span are indistinguishable and average 13.9 {\textpm} 0.6 ka (n = 15), suggesting that 800 m of ice thinning occurred within at most about a millennium. Conversely, the higher elevations (>1200 m a.s.l.) preserve a more complex geomorphic history. Mt. Mansfield{\textquoteright}s summit surfaces contain 10Be from previous periods of exposure, indicating that the mountaintop landscapes were likely preserved beneath cold-based, weakly-erosive glacial ice. Exposure ages from the shorter-lived isotope, 14C, are younger (9.7 and 11.7 ka), suggesting that Mt. Mansfield{\textquoteright}s summit was covered until the early Holocene, perhaps by snowfields, ice carapaces, and/or till. Our findings, in context of previous work, suggest that thinning Laurentide ice flowed through the valleys for at most hundreds of years following deglaciation of the uplands, but that the summit remained shielded by ice or sediment for millennia after the valleys became ice-free.},
	keywords = {Cosmogenic isotopes, erosion, Geochronology, Glaciation, Last glacial maximum, North America, Pleistocene},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.014},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379118307145},
	author = {Corbett, Lee B. and Bierman, Paul R. and Wright, Stephen F. and Shakun, Jeremy D. and Davis, P. Thompson and Goehring, Brent M. and Halsted, Christopher T. and Koester, Alexandria J. and Caffee, Marc W. and Zimmerman, Susan R.}
}
@article {2990,
	title = {Arsenic variability and groundwater age in three water supply wells in southeast New Hampshire},
	journal = {Geoscience Frontiers},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2019},
	month = {09/2019},
	pages = {1669 - 1683},
	abstract = {Three wells in New Hampshire were sampled bimonthly over three years to evaluate the temporal variability of arsenic concentrations and groundwater age. All samples had measurable concentrations of arsenic throughout the entire sampling period and concentrations in individual wells had a mean variation of more than 7~μg/L. The time series data from this sampling effort showed that arsenic concentrations ranged from a median of 4~μg/L in a glacial aquifer well (SGW-65) to medians of 19~μg/L and 37~μg/L in wells (SGW-93 and KFW-87) screened in the bedrock aquifer, respectively. These high arsenic concentrations were associated with the consistently high pH (median~>=~8) and low dissolved oxygen (median <0.1~mg/L) in the bedrock aquifer wells, which is typical of fractured crystalline bedrock aquifers in New Hampshire. Groundwater from the glacial aquifer often has high dissolved oxygen, but in this case was consistently low. The pH also is generally acidic in the glacial aquifer but in this case was slightly alkaline (median~=~7.5). Also, sorption sites may be more abundant in glacial aquifer deposits than in fractured bedrock which may contribute to lower arsenic concentrations. Mean groundwater ages were less than 50 years old in all three wells and correlated with conservative tracer concentrations, such as chloride; however, mean age was not directly correlated with arsenic concentrations. Arsenic concentrations at KFW-87 did correlate with water levels, in addition, there was a seasonal pattern, which suggests that either the timing of or multiple sampling efforts may be important to define the full range of arsenic concentrations in domestic bedrock wells. Since geochemically reduced conditions and alkaline pHs are common to both bedrock and glacial aquifer wells in this study, groundwater age correlates less strongly with arsenic concentrations than geochemical conditions. There also is evidence of direct hydraulic connection between the glacial and bedrock aquifers, which can influence arsenic concentrations. Correlations between arsenic concentrations and the age of the old fraction of water in SGW-65 and the age of the young fraction of water in SGW-93 suggest that water in the two aquifers may be mixing or at least some of the deeper, older water captured by the glacial aquifer well may be from a similar source as the shallow young groundwater from the bedrock aquifer. The contrast in arsenic concentrations in the two aquifers may be because of increased adsorption capacity of glacio-fluvial sediments, which can limit contaminants more than fractured rock. In addition, this study illustrates that long residence times are not necessary to achieve more geochemically evolved conditions such as high pH and reduced conditions as is typically found with older water in other regions.},
	keywords = {Age tracers, Arsenic variability, Geochemical time series, Groundwater age modeling},
	isbn = {1674-9871},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gsf.2019.01.002},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987119300313},
	author = {Levitt, Joseph P. and Degnan, James R. and Flanagan, Sarah M. and Jurgens, Bryant C.}
}
@article {2677,
	title = {Coupled ocean and atmospheric changes during Greenland stadial 1 in southwestern Europe},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {212},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-05-2019},
	pages = {108 - 120},
	abstract = {Paleoclimate reconstructions suggest that the complex variability within the Greenland stadial 1 (GS-1) over western Europe was governed by coupled ocean and atmospheric changes. However, few works from the North Atlantic mid-latitudes document both the GS-1 onset and its termination, which are often considered as single abrupt transition events. Here, we present a direct comparison between marine (alkenone-based sea surface temperatures) and terrestrial (pollen) data, at very high resolution (28 years mean), from the southwestern Iberian shelf record D13882. Our results reveal a rather complex climatic period with internally changing conditions. The GS-1 onset (GS-1a: 12890-12720 yr BP) is marked by a progressive cooling and drying; GS-1b (12720-12390 yr BP) is the coldest and driest phase; GS-1c (12390-12030 yr BP) is marked by a progressive warming and increase in moisture conditions; GS-1 termination (GS-1d: 12030-11770 yr BP) is marked by rapid switches between cool wet, cold dry and cool wet conditions. Although hydroclimate response was very unsteady throughout the GS-1 and in particular during its termination phase, the persistence of an open temperate and Mediterranean forest in southwestern Iberia during the entire episode suggests that at least some moisture was delivered via the Westerlies. We propose coupled ocean and atmospheric mechanisms to reproduce these scenaria. Changes in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) as well as variations in the North Atlantic sea-ice growth have favoured the displacement of the polar jet stream{\textquoteright}s latitudinal position and contributed to a complex spatial pattern and strength of the Westerlies across western Europe.},
	keywords = {Climate variability, Greenland stadial, Iberian margin, Jet stream, Moisture availability, North Atlantic, Paleoclimate, Westerlies, Younger Dryas Complex},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.03.033},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332292599_Coupled_ocean_and_atmospheric_changes_during_Greenland_stadial_1_in_southwestern_Europe},
	author = {Naughton, F. and Costas, S. and Gomes, S.D. and Desprat, S. and Rodrigues, T. and Sanchez Go{\~n}i, M.F. and Renssen, H. and Trigo, R. and Bronk-Ramsey, C. and Oliveira, D. and Salgueiro, E. and Voelker, A.H.L. and Abrantes, F.}
}
@article {2637,
	title = {Evidence of Ice Age humans in eastern Beringia suggests early migration to North America},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {205},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-02-2019},
	pages = {35 - 44},
	abstract = {Our understanding of the timing and pathway of human arrival to the Americas remains an important and polarizing topic of debate in archaeology and anthropology. Traditional consensus, supported by archaeological and paleoenvironmental data, favors a {\textquoteright}swift peopling{\textquoteright} of the Americas from Asia via the Bering Land Bridge during the last Glacial termination. More recent genetic data and archaeological finds have challenged this view, proposing the {\textquoteright}Beringian standstill hypothesis{\textquoteright} (BSH), wherein a population of proto-Americans migrated from Asia during, or even prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and lived in Beringia for thousands of years before their eventual spread across the American continents. Using a sediment archive from Lake E5 (68.641667 degrees N, 149.457706 degrees W), located on Alaska{\textquoteright}s North Slope, we present new data supporting the BSH and shedding new light on the environmental impact of these early American populations. Fecal biomarkers support human presence in the environs of the lake, and our data demonstrate elevated biomass burning in this region during the last Glacial. Elevated burning defies the expectation that natural fires would be less frequent in the Arctic during the last Glacial, thereby suggesting human ignition as the likely culprit. Our data shed new light on the pathway and timing of human migration to the Americas and demonstrate the possibility of the sustainable coexistence of humans and the Ice Age megafauna in Beringia prior to their extinction. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Beringia, charcoal, Fecal sterols, Last Glacial, Paleofire, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.003},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379118307716https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379118307716?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379118307716?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Vachula, Richard S. and Huang, Yongsong and Longo, William M. and Dee, Sylvia G. and Daniels, William C. and Russell, James M.}
}
@article {2847,
	title = {Examining Coastal Dynamics and Archaeological Site Evidence at a Drowned Cirque Basin Influenced by Earthquakes and Little Ice Age Glaciation},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-07-2019},
	pages = {814},
	abstract = {This study contributes baseline information regarding the framework geology, drivers of coastal change, and archaeological record along the fjord-indented coastlines of southcentral Alaska. Field data were collected in July 2015 from James Lagoon, a 30-m-deep drowned cirque valley adjacent to McCarty Fjord in the Nuka Bay region of Kenai Fjords National Park. A 1790 CE terminal moraine deposited by McCarty Glacier extends across the cirque opening and delimits the lagoon. Acoustic surveys of the lagoon reveal bedrock overlain by deltaic, lacustrine, and marine facies containing beds that indicate past submarine landslides. Lagoon and marsh sediment cores contain coarse sand horizons interbedded with silt and peat, evidence of repeated low-frequency, high-intensity events. The largest of the event beds in the marine cores occurs near the surface and is likely associated with the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake (moment magnitude 9.2). Trees killed during the 1964 earthquake fringe the coastline and indicate \~{}2 m of coseismic subsidence. Radiocarbon ages of five exposed subfossil stumps indicate two pre-1964 subsidence events occurring between 1710 and 1789 and 1078 and 1125 median probability calendar year CE (cal CE). A Sugpiaq culture archaeological site dated to 1565 cal CE existed on the western shore of James Lagoon in the interval between these two events, possibly for proximity to an ice floe harbor seal rookery at McCarty Glacier. Archaeological site elevation above mean high water at James Lagoon and around Nuka Bay is inversely related to the extent of cumulative site erosion caused by coastal submergence during the last two great earthquakes. These combined findings lay the groundwork for future research and provide context to ongoing coastal hazards and their effects on cultural resources.},
	doi = {10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-18-00074.1},
	url = {https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-coastal-research/volume-35/issue-4/JCOASTRES-D-18-00074.1/Examining-Coastal-Dynamics-and-Archaeological-Site-Evidence-at-a-Drowned/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-18-00074.1.full},
	author = {Maio, Christopher V. and Crowell, Aron L. and Sullivan, Richard M. and Buzard, Richard M. and Whitley, Matthew A. and Bogardus, Reyce C. and Wit, Cary W. de}
}
@article {2747,
	title = {Four Major Holocene Earthquakes on the Reelfoot Fault Recorded by Sackungen in the New Madrid Seismic Zone, USA},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {124},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jun-03-2020},
	pages = {3105 - 3126},
	abstract = {Three sequences of well-documented, major ~M7+ earthquakes (1811{\textendash}1812, ~1450, and ~900 CE) in the New Madrid seismic zone, USA, contribute significantly to seismic hazard in the region. However, it is unknown whether this <550-year recurrence interval has been constant throughout the Holocene given limited geomorphic evidence of prior earthquakes. We extend the record of paleoearthquakes along the Reelfoot fault via investigation of ridgetop gravitational failure features, interpreted as sackungen. The sackungen occur in bluffs along the eastern margin of the Mississippi River floodplain and are concentrated near (<15 km) the southwest dipping Reelfoot reverse fault. A paleoseismic trench excavated across sackungen at the Paw Paw site exposed four packages of colluvial sediment that postdate 30- to 11-ka Peoria Loess. We interpret the colluvial packages to have been deposited following episodic failure of the sackungen as a result of strong ground motions from the following sequence of earthquakes: event 4, 1640 {\textpm} 1730 BCE; event 3, 270 {\textpm} 670 CE; event 2, 1430 {\textpm} 380 CE; and event 1, 1810 {\textpm} 50 CE (2 sigma). Event timing corresponds to previously documented earthquakes and represents the longest archive of paleoearthquakes on the Reelfoot fault. If the trenched sackungen record all major Reelfoot fault earthquakes, our observations in combination with prior investigations indicate a period of quiescence from at least 11 to 4.4 ka, followed by four major seismic events culminating in the 1811{\textendash}1812 CE sequence. This clustered earthquake recurrence pattern helps place bounds on seismic hazard and geodynamic models in the New Madrid seismic zone.},
	issn = {2169-9313},
	doi = {10.1029/2018JB016806},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018JB016806},
	author = {Gold, Ryan D. and DuRoss, Christopher B. and Delano, Jaime E. and Jibson, Randall W. and Briggs, Richard W. and Mahan, Shannon A. and Williams, Robert A. and Corbett, D. Reide}
}
@article {2682,
	title = {Growth and longevity of Hawaiian grouper (Hyporthodus quernus) {\textemdash} input for management and conservation of a large, slow-growing grouper},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-10-2019},
	pages = {1874 - 1884},
	abstract = {Hawaiian grouper (Hyporthodus quernus) is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands and is regionally important, yet little is known about its life history. This large species is managed within the Deep 7 bottom fish complex, which includes six snapper species that are assumed to have similar life history traits. Previous age estimates were not validated and suggested a maximum age of 34 years. To evaluate the preliminary study and provide a valid basis for life history parameters, we aged otoliths using bomb radiocarbon (14C) dating. Measured 14C values provided ages for smallest to largest fish that differed from the original study. The fundamental information provided here when evaluating Hawaiian grouper conservation status is longevity (valid to 50 years and estimated to 76 years) {\textemdash} no male sampled was <80 cm total length (TL) and younger than 34 years {\textemdash} and age-at-sexual maturity and age-at-sex change, which were indirectly estimated and compared with prior published estimates for this and other groupers. Updated life history parameters (k = 0.078, L$\infty$ = 95.8 cm TL) should be used to improve future management and conservation assessments.},
	issn = {0706-652X},
	doi = {10.1139/cjfas-2018-0170},
	url = {https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/full/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0170},
	author = {Andrews, Allen H. and DeMartini, Edward E. and Brodziak, Jon and Nichols, Ryan S. and Humphreys, Robert L.}
}
@article {2691,
	title = {Holocene and Last Interglacial climate of the Faroe Islands from sedimentary plant wax hydrogen and carbon isotopes},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {223},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-11-2019},
	pages = {105930},
	abstract = {The Last Interglacial period (LIG) is Earth{\textquoteright}s most recent globally warm period and is analogous in some ways to projected future global warming. However, questions remain regarding the state of the climate during the LIG in the North Atlantic, a region that is extremely sensitive to changes in oceanic and atmospheric circulation. Here, we present hydrogen and carbon isotope (δD and δ13C) records from a suite of plant wax biomarkers preserved in Holocene and LIG lacustrine sediments from the North Atlantic Faroe Islands and interpret them as qualitative proxies for temperature and hydroclimate variability. These data are used to directly compare LIG and Holocene climate using the same proxy approaches from the same terrestrial location. Measuring multiple isotopes on multiple types of waxes elucidates the sources of homologous plant waxes. We deduce that the δD values of long-chain n-alkanes (C27{\textendash}C33) and mid-chain n-alkanes (C23{\textendash}C25) in these sedimentary archives reflect leaf water and lake water δD values, respectively, while the δD values for both long-chain (C28{\textendash}C30) and mid-chain n-alkanoic acids (C24{\textendash}C26) primarily represent lake water δD values. Plant wax-inferred δD values of precipitation during the early Holocene (10,100 to 8,200  cal  yr BP) are \~{}35{\textperthousand} more positive than late Holocene values, and decline over the Holocene. δD-inferred hydrologic change and δ13C -inferred plant water use efficiency both indicate that the Faroe Islands became drier throughout the Holocene. Comparison with measurements from LIG plant waxes indicates that late LIG in the Faroe Islands was hydrologically similar to the early-to mid-Holocene (8,200 to 4,000  cal  yr BP), with enriched precipitation isotopes and reduced evapotranspiration indicating a warmer, wetter environment.},
	keywords = {Holocene, interglacial, North Atlantic, Organic geochemistry, paleoclimatology, Stable isotopes},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105930},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379119304251},
	author = {Curtin, Lorelei and D{\textquoteright}Andrea, William J. and Balascio, Nicholas and Pugsley, Genevieve and de Wet, Gregory and Bradley, Raymond}
}
@article {2710,
	title = {Holocene glacier fluctuations on the northern flank of Cordillera Darwin, southernmost South America},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {222},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-10-2019},
	pages = {105904},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105904},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379119303890},
	author = {Hall, B.L. and Lowell, T.V. and Bromley, G.R.M. and Denton, G.H. and Putnam, A.E.}
}
@article {2761,
	title = {Implications of radiocarbon ages of organic and inorganic carbon in coastal lakes in Florida for establishing a reliable chronology for sediment-based paleoclimate reconstructionAbstract},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-03-2019},
	pages = {638 - 649},
	abstract = {Coastal lake sediments are valuable paleoclimate archives provided that they can be accurately dated. Here, we report radiocarbon ages of bulk sediment organic matter (OM), plants, shells, particulate OM, and dissolved OM from coastal lakes in Florida. Bulk sediment OM yielded ages that are consistently older than contemporaneous plants and shells, indicating significant radiocarbon deficiencies in sedimentary OM in these lakes. The data show that the OM radiocarbon deficiency varies over time and with location, making it impossible to determine a proper correction factor for radiocarbon ages of bulk sediments from these lakes. As a result, we consider ages obtained from bulk sediment OM from these lakes unreliable. The age reversals in bulk sediment OM observed in the sediment cores are likely caused by rapid increases in erosion and sedimentation resulting from large storm events. The data also show that sedimentation rate can vary considerably within a given lake, implying that an age-depth model established for one core cannot be directly applied to other cores despite their close proximity. Analyses of shells from one of the lakes suggest that fresh/brackish-water shells may serve as a good substrate for radiocarbon dating owing to a small reservoir effect on inorganic carbon.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1017/qua.2018.96},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033589418000960/type/journal_article},
	author = {Wang, Yang and Das, Oindrila and Xu, Xiaomei and Liu, Jin and Jahan, Shakura and Means, Guy H. and Donoghue, Joseph and Jiang, Shijun}
}
@article {2756,
	title = {Intense Hurricane Activity Over the Past 1500 Years at South Andros Island, The Bahamas},
	journal = {Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2019},
	month = {May-11-2021},
	pages = {1761 - 1783},
	abstract = {Hurricanes cause substantial loss of life and resources in coastal areas. Unfortunately, historical hurricane records are too short and incomplete to capture hurricane-climate interactions on multi-decadal and longer timescales. Coarse-grained, hurricane-induced deposits preserved in blue holes in the Caribbean can provide records of past hurricane activity extending back thousands of years. Here we present a high resolution record of intense hurricane events over the past 1500 years from a blue hole on South Andros Island on the Great Bahama Bank. This record is corroborated by shorter reconstructions from cores collected at two nearby blue holes. The record contains coarse-grained event deposits attributable to known historical hurricane strikes within age uncertainties. Over the past 1500 years, South Andros shows evidence of four active periods of hurricane activity. None of these active intervals occurred in the past 163 years. We suggest that Intertropical Convergence Zone position modulates hurricane activity on the island based on a correlation with Cariaco Basin titanium concentrations. An anomalous gap in activity on South Andros Island in the early 13th century corresponds to a period of increased volcanism. The patterns of hurricane activity reconstructed from South Andros Island closely match those from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico but are anti-phased with records from New England. We suggest that either changes in local environmental conditions (e.g., SSTs) or a northeastward shift in storm tracks can account for the increased activity in the western North Atlantic when the Gulf of Mexico and southeastern Caribbean are less active.},
	issn = {2572-4517},
	doi = {10.1029/2019PA003665},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2019PA003665},
	author = {Wallace, E. J. and Donnelly, J. P. and Hengstum, P. J. and Wiman, C. and Sullivan, R. M. and Winkler, T. S. and d{\textquoteright}Entremont, N. E. and Toomey, M. and Albury, N.}
}
@article {2743,
	title = {The Mighty Susquehanna{\textemdash}Extreme Floods in Eastern North America During the Past Two Millennia},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Apr-03-2021},
	pages = {3398 - 3407},
	abstract = {The hazards posed by infrequent major floods to communities along the Susquehanna River and the ecological health of Chesapeake Bay remain largely unconstrained due to the short length of streamgage records. Here we develop a history of high-flow events on the Susquehanna River during the late Holocene from flood deposits contained in MD99-2209, a sediment core recovered in 26 m of water from Chesapeake Bay near Annapolis, Maryland, United States. We identify coarse-grained deposits left by Hurricane Agnes (1972) and the Great Flood of 1936, as well as during three intervals that predate instrumental flood records (~1800{\textendash}1500, 1300{\textendash}1100, and 400{\textendash}0 CE). Comparison to sedimentary proxy data (pollen and ostracode Mg/Ca ratios) from the same core site indicates that prehistoric flooding on the Susquehanna often accompanied cooler-than-usual winter/spring temperatures near Chesapeake Bay{\textemdash}typical of negative phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation and conditions thought to foster hurricane landfalls along the East Coast.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2018GL080890},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018GL080890},
	author = {Toomey, Michael and Cantwell, Meagan and Colman, Steven and Cronin, Thomas and Donnelly, Jeffrey and Giosan, Liviu and Heil, Clifford and Korty, Robert and Marot, Marci and Willard, Debra}
}
@article {2764,
	title = {Mineral protection regulates long-term global preservation of natural organic carbon},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {570},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-06-2019},
	pages = {228 - 231},
	abstract = {The balance between photosynthetic organic carbon production and respiration controls atmospheric composition and climate1,2. The majority of organic carbon is respired back to carbon dioxide in the biosphere, but a small fraction escapes remineralization and is preserved over geological timescales3. By removing reduced carbon from Earth{\textquoteright}s surface, this sequestration process promotes atmospheric oxygen accumulation2 and carbon dioxide removal1. Two major mechanisms have been proposed to explain organic carbon preservation: selective preservation of biochemically unreactive compounds4,5 and protection resulting from interactions with a mineral matrix6,7. Although both mechanisms can operate across a range of environments and timescales, their global relative importance on 1,000-year to 100,000-year timescales remains uncertain4. Here we present a global dataset of the distributions of organic carbon activation energy and corresponding radiocarbon ages in soils, sediments and dissolved organic carbon. We find that activation energy distributions broaden over time in all mineral-containing samples. This result requires increasing bond-strength diversity, consistent with the formation of organo-mineral bonds8 but inconsistent with selective preservation. Radiocarbon ages further reveal that high-energy, mineral-bound organic carbon persists for millennia relative to low-energy, unbound organic carbon. Our results provide globally coherent evidence for the proposed7 importance of mineral protection in promoting organic carbon preservation. We suggest that similar studies of bond-strength diversity in ancient sediments may reveal how and why organic carbon preservation{\textemdash}and thus atmospheric composition and climate{\textemdash}has varied over geological time.},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/s41586-019-1280-6},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1280-6},
	author = {Hemingway, Jordon D. and Rothman, Daniel H. and Grant, Katherine E. and Rosengard, Sarah Z. and Eglinton, Timothy I. and Derry, Louis A. and Galy, Valier V.}
}
@article {2680,
	title = {Reconstructing reef fish communities using fish otoliths in coral reef sediments},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Feb-06-2020},
	pages = {e0218413},
	abstract = {Little is known about long-term changes in coral reef fish communities. Here we present a new technique that leverages fish otoliths in reef sediments to reconstruct coral reef fish communities. We found over 5,400 otoliths in 169 modern and mid-Holocene bulk samples from Caribbean Panama and Dominican Republic mid-Holocene and modern reefs, demonstrating otoliths are abundant in reef sediments. With a specially-built reference collection, we were able to assign over 4,400 otoliths to one of 56 taxa (35 families) though mostly at genus and family level. Many otoliths were from juvenile fishes for which identification is challenging. Richness (by rarefaction) of otolith assemblages was slightly higher in modern than mid-Holocene reefs, but further analyses are required to elucidate the underlying causes. We compared the living fish communities, sampled using icthyocide, with the sediment otolith assemblages on four reefs finding the otolith assemblages faithfully capture the general composition of the living fish communities. Radiocarbon dating performed directly on the otoliths suggests that relatively little mixing of sediment layers particularly on actively accreting branching coral reefs. All otolith assemblages were strongly dominated by small, fast-turnover fish taxa and juvenile individuals, and our exploration on taxonomy, functional ecology and taphonomy lead us to the conclusion that intense predation is likely the most important process for otolith accumulation in reef sediments. We conclude that otolith assemblages in modern and fossil reef sediments can provide a powerful tool to explore ecological changes in reef fish communities over time and space.},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0218413},
	url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0218413},
	author = {Lin, Chien-Hsiang and De Gracia, Brigida and Pierotti, Michele E. R. and Andrews, Allen H. and Griswold, Katie and O{\textquoteright}Dea, Aaron},
	editor = {Zapalski, Miko{\l}aj K.}
}
@article {2758,
	title = {Salt marsh ecosystem restructuring enhances elevation resilience and carbon storage during accelerating relative sea-level rise},
	journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {217},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-02-2019},
	pages = {56 - 68},
	abstract = {

Salt marshes respond to sea-level rise through a series of complex and dynamic bio-physical feedbacks. In this study, we found that sea-level rise triggered salt marsh habitat restructuring, with the associated vegetation changes enhancing salt marsh elevation resilience. A continuous record of marsh elevation relative to sea level that includes reconstruction of high-resolution, sub-decadal, marsh elevation over the past century, coupled with a lower-resolution 1500-year record, revealed that relative sea-level rose 1.5 {\textpm} 0.4 m, following local glacial isostatic adjustment (1.2 mm/yr). As sea-level rise has rapidly accelerated, the high marsh zone dropped 11 cm within the tidal frame since 1932, leading to greater inundation and a shift to flood- and salt-tolerant low marsh species. Once the marsh platform fell to the elevation favored by low-marsh Spartina alterniflora, the elevation stabilized relative to sea level. Currently low marsh accretion keeps pace with sea-level rise, while present day high marsh zones that have not transitioned to low marsh have a vertical accretion deficit. Greater biomass productivity, and an expanding subsurface accommodation space favorable for salt marsh organic matter preservation, provide a positive feed-back between sea-level rise and marsh platform elevation. Carbon storage was 46 {\textpm} 28 g C/m2/yr from 550 to 1800 CE, increasing to 129 {\textpm} 50 g C/m2/yr in the last decade. Enhanced carbon storage is controlled by vertical accretion rates, rather than soil carbon density, and is a direct response to anthropogenic eustatic sea-level rise, ultimately providing a negative feedback on climate warming.
},
	keywords = {14-Carbon, accretion, Carbon storage, Elevation, Salt marsh, Sea level index point, sea-level rise},
	issn = {02727714},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2018.11.003},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0272771418306851},
	author = {Gonneea, Meagan Eagle and Maio, Christopher V. and Kroeger, Kevin D. and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Mora, Jordan and Sullivan, Richard and Madsen, Stephanie and Buzard, Richard M. and Cahill, Niamh and Donnelly, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {2854,
	title = {Sea Level Rise Explains Changing Carbon Accumulation Rates in a Salt Marsh Over the Past Two Millennia},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {124},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Sep-10-2019},
	pages = {2945 - 2957},
	abstract = {High rates of carbon burial observed in wetland sediments have garnered attention as a potential {\textquotedblleft}natural fix{\textquotedblright} to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in Earth{\textquoteright}s atmosphere. A carbon accumulation rate (CAR) can be determined through various methods that integrate a carbon stock over different time periods, ranging from decades to millennia. Our goal was to assess how CAR changed over the lifespan of a salt marsh. We applied a geochronology to a series of salt marsh cores using both 14C and 210Pb markers to calculate CARs that were integrated between 35 and 2,460 years before present. CAR was 39 g C{\textperiodcentered}m-2{\textperiodcentered}year-1 when integrated over millennia but was upward of 148 g C{\textperiodcentered}m-2{\textperiodcentered}year-1 for the past century. We present additional evidence to account for this variability by linking it to changes in relative sea level rise (RSLR), where higher rates of RSLR were associated with higher CARs. Thus, the CAR calculated for a wetland should integrate timescales that capture the influence of contemporary RSLR. Therefore, caution should be exercised not to utilize a CAR calculated over inappropriately short or long timescales as a current assessment or forecasting tool for the climate change mitigation potential of a wetland.},
	keywords = {Carbon storage, Geochronology, Salt marsh, sea-level rise},
	issn = {2169-8953},
	doi = {10.1029/2019JG005207},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019JG005207},
	author = {McTigue, Nathan and Davis, Jenny and Rodriguez, Antonio B. and McKee, Brent and Atencio, Anna and Currin, Carolyn}
}
@article {2757,
	title = {Significance of Perylene for Source Allocation of Terrigenous Organic Matter in Aquatic SedimentsSignificance of Perylene for Source Allocation of Terrigenous Organic Matter in Aquatic Sediments},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Apr-07-2020},
	pages = {8244 - 8251},
	abstract = {Perylene is a frequently abundant, and sometimes the only polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in aquatic sediments, but its origin has been subject of a longstanding debate in geochemical research and pollutant forensics because its historical record differs markedly from typical anthropogenic PAHs. Here we investigate whether perylene serves as a source-specific molecular marker of fungal activity in forest soils. We use a well-characterized sedimentary record (1735-1999) from the anoxic-bottom waters of the Pettaquamscutt River basin, RI to examine mass accumulation rates and isotope records of perylene, and compare them with total organic carbon and the anthropogenic PAH fluoranthene. We support our arguments with radiocarbon (14C) data of higher plant leaf-wax n-alkanoic acids. Isotope-mass balance-calculations of perylene and n-alkanoic acids indicate that \~{}40\% of sedimentary organic matter is of terrestrial origin. Further, both terrestrial markers are pre-aged on millennial time-scales prior to burial in sediments and are insensitive to elevated 14C concentrations following nuclear weapons testing in the mid-20th Century. Instead, changes coincide with enhanced erosional flux during urban sprawl. These findings suggest that perylene is definitely a product of soil-derived fungi, and a powerful chemical tracer to study the spatial and temporal connectivity between terrestrial and aquatic environments. },
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.9b0234410.1021/acs.est.9b02344.s001},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.9b02344},
	author = {Hanke, Ulrich M. and Lima-Braun, Ana L. and Eglinton, Timothy I. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Galy, Valier and Poussart, Pascale and Hughen, Konrad and McNichol, Ann P. and Xu, Li and Reddy, Christopher M.}
}
@article {2640,
	title = {Sinking particle flux and composition at three sites of different annual sea ice cover in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica},
	journal = {Journal of Marine Systems},
	volume = {192},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-04-2019},
	pages = {42 - 50},
	abstract = {This study examines the sinking particle flux and composition of samples collected at three sites in the western Amundsen Sea, Antarctica: a perennial sea-ice-covered area, the central region of the Amundsen Sea polynya, and close to the Dotson Ice Shelf within the polynya. Time series sediment traps were deployed for one year at depths of 400-500 m from February and March 2012. Observations from the three sites confirm previously reported findings that the majority of annual POC (particulate organic carbon) flux in the Amundsen Sea occurs during the austral summer, with much smaller POC fluxes during other seasons. In the perennial ice-covered area, sea ice diatoms were the dominant source of sinking particles. In this region, the summertime POC flux is similar to that in the central polynya. However, the POC flux exhibited large interannual variability, with the reduction in sea ice cover and sufficient insolation being critical to enhanced sinking POC flux. Within the Amundsen Sea polynya, the sinking POC flux was higher in the central region than near the Dotson Ice Shelf, consistent with spatial variability in primary production. The site near the Dotson Ice Shelf had the lowest contribution of diatoms to sinking particles and the smallest POC flux among the three sites.},
	keywords = {Amundsen sea, Biological pump, particulate organic carbon, Perennial ice-covered area, Polynya},
	issn = {09247963},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jmarsys.2019.01.002},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092479631830304X},
	author = {Kim, Minkyoung and Yang, Eun J. and Kim, Dongseon and Jeong, Jin-Hyun and Kim, Hyung J. and Park, Jisoo and Jung, Jinyoung and Ducklow, Hugh W. and Lee, SangHoon and Hwang, Jeomshik}
}
@article {2812,
	title = {Sortable silt records of intermediate-depth circulation and sedimentation in the Southwest Labrador Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {206},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-02-2019},
	pages = {99 - 110},
	abstract = {The Labrador Sea is a vital region for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), where overflow waters from the Nordic Seas mix with locally produced Labrador Sea Water (LSW), before exiting to the interior of the Atlantic Ocean. The dynamical sedimentary proxy of mean sortable silt size () can give information on past changes in deep water circulation speed and the strength of AMOC. We have produced records from two core sites at depths between 1500 and 2000 m on the continental slope east of Newfoundland, to reconstruct changes in intermediate depth water circulation speed, including Glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water and Labrador Sea Water over the past 22,000 years. Increases in appear to coincide with much of the deglaciation as well as the mid-late Holocene. End-member modeling suggests that ice-rafted debris (IRD) is an important factor in interpreting during the deglaciation. We find that a robust increase in is likely unrelated to IRD during the past 5 ka, and probably reflects increased flow at intermediate depths due to local production of LSW strengthening as Nordic Seas overflows weakened at this depth. Our results highlight both the complications of producing records in IRD-rich, slope environments and the promise that this proxy nevertheless has for reconstructing dynamical changes in deep ocean currents.},
	keywords = {Holocene, labrador sea, paleoceanography, Sedimentology-marine cores},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.028},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379118306449},
	author = {Hoffmann, Sharon S. and Dalsing, Risa E. and Murphy, Sarah C.}
}
@article {2628,
	title = {Temporal deconvolution of vascular plant-derived fatty acids exported from terrestrial watersheds},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {244},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-01-2019},
	pages = {502 - 521},
	abstract = {Relatively little is known about the amount of time that lapses between the photosynthetic fixation of carbon by vascular land plants and its incorporation into the marine sedimentary record, yet the dynamics of terrestrial carbon sequestration have important implications for the carbon cycle. Vascular plant carbon may encounter multiple potential intermediate storage pools and transport trajectories, and the age of vascular plant carbon accumulating in marine sediments will reflect these different pre-depositional histories. Here, we examine down-core C-14 profiles of higher plant leaf wax-derived fatty acids isolated from high fidelity sedimentary sequences spanning the so-called "bomb-spike", and encompassing a ca. 60-degree latitudinal gradient from tropical (Cariaco Basin), temperate (Saanich Inlet), and polar (Mackenzie Delta) watersheds to constrain integrated vascular plant carbon storage/transport times ("residence times").

Using a modeling framework, we find that, in addition to a "young" (conditionally defined as < 50 y) carbon pool, an old pool of compounds comprises 49 to 78 \% of the fractional contribution of organic carbon (OC) and exhibits variable ages reflective of the environmental setting. For the Mackenzie Delta sediments, we find a mean age of the old pool of 28 ky (+/- 9.4, standard deviation), indicating extensive pre-aging in permafrost soils, whereas the old pools in Saanich Inlet and Cariaco Basin sediments are younger, 7.9 (+/- 5.0) and 2.4 (+/- 0.50) to 3.2 (+/- 0.54) ky, respectively, indicating less protracted storage in terrestrial reservoirs. The "young" pool showed clear annual contributions for Saanich Inlet and Mackenzie Delta sediments (comprising 24\% and 16\% of this pool, respectively), likely reflecting episodic transport of OC from steep hillside slopes surrounding Saanich Inlet and annual spring flood deposition in the Mackenzie Delta, respectively. Contributions of 5-10 year old OC to the Cariaco Basin show a short delay of OC inflow, potentially related to transport time to the offshore basin. Modeling results also indicate that the Mackenzie Delta has an influx of young but decadal material (20-30 years of age), pointing to the presence of an intermediate reservoir.

Overall, these results show that a significant fraction of vascular plant C undergoes pre-aging in terrestrial reservoirs prior to accumulation in deltaic and marine sediments. The age distribution, reflecting both storage and transport times, likely depends on landscape-specific factors such as local topography, hydrographic characteristics, and mean annual temperature of the catchment, all of which affect the degree of soil buildup and preservation. We show that catchment-specific carbon residence times across landscapes can vary by an order of magnitude, with important implications both for carbon cycle studies and for the interpretation of molecular terrestrial paleoclimate records preserved in sedimentary sequences.},
	keywords = {british-columbia, CARIACO BASIN, compound-specific radiocarbon, MACKENZIE DELTA, marine-sediments, odp leg 169s, saanich inlet, SANTA-MONICA BASIN, SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER, TROPICAL VEGETATION},
	issn = {00167037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2018.09.034},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016703718305702https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0016703718305702?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0016703718305702?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Vonk, Jorien E. and Drenzek, Nicholas J. and Hughen, Konrad A. and Stanley, Rachel H.R. and McIntyre, Cameron and {\c c}on, Daniel B. and Giosan, Liviu and Southon, John R. and Santos, Guaciara M. and Druffel, Ellen R.M. and Andersson, August A. and {\"o}ld, Martin and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {2788,
	title = {Thermal oxidation of carbon in organic matter rich volcanic soils: insights into SOC age differentiation and mineral stabilization},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {144},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-09-2019},
	pages = {291 - 304},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon ages and thermal stability measurements can be used to estimate the stability of soil organic carbon (OC). Soil OC is a complex reservoir that contains a range of compounds with different sources, reactivities, and residence times. This heterogeneity can shift bulk radiocarbon values and impact assessment of OC stability and turnover in soils. Four soil horizons (Oa, Bhs, Bs, Bg) were sampled from highly weathered 350 ka Pololu basaltic volcanics on the Island of Hawaii and analyzed by Ramped PyrOX (RPO) in both the pyrolysis (PY) and oxidation (OX) modes to separate a complex mixture of OC into thermally defined fractions. Fractions were characterized for carbon stable isotope and radiocarbon composition. PY and OX modes yielded similar results. Bulk radiocarbon measurements were modern in the Oa horizon (Fm = 1.013) and got progressively older with depth: the Bg horizon had an Fm value of 0.73. Activation energy distributions (p(E)) calculated using the {\textquoteleft}rampedpyrox{\textquoteright} model yielded consistent mean E values of 140 kJ mol-1 below the Oa horizon. The {\textquoteleft}rampedpyrox{\textquoteright} model outputs showed a mostly bimodal distribution in the p(E) below the Oa, with a primary peak at 135 kJ mol-1 and a secondary peak at 148 kJ mol-1, while the Oa was dominated by a single, higher E peak at 157 kJ mol-1. We suggest that mineral-carbon interaction, either through mineral surface-OC or metal-OC interactions, is the stabilization mechanism contributing to the observed mean E of 140 kJ mol-1 below the Oa horizon. In the Oa horizon, within individual RPO analyses, radiocarbon ages in the individual thermal fractions were indistinguishable (p > 0.1). The flat age distributions indicate there is no relationship between age and thermal stability (E) in the upper horizon (> 25 cm). Deeper in the soil profile higher {\textmu}Ef values were associated with older radiocarbon ages, with slopes progressively steepening with depth. In the deepest (Bg) horizon, there was the largest, yet modest change in Fm of 0.06 (626 radiocarbon years), indicating that older OC is slightly more thermally stable.},
	issn = {0168-2563},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-019-00586-1},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10533-019-00586-1},
	author = {Grant, Katherine E. and Galy, Valier V. and Chadwick, Oliver A. and Derry, Louis A.}
}
@article {2644,
	title = {Upwelling in the Ocean Basins North of the ACC: 1. On the Upwelling Exposed by the Surface Distribution of C-14},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},
	volume = {124},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Apr-04-2020},
	pages = {2591 - 2608},
	abstract = {he upwelling associated with the ocean{\textquoteright}s overturning circulation is hard to observe directly. Here, a large data set of surface C-14 measurements is compiled in order to show where deep water is brought back up to the surface in the ocean basins north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Maps constructed from the data set show that low-C-14 deep water from the ACC is drawn up to the surface in or near the upwelling zones off Northwest Africa and Namibia in the Atlantic, off Costa Rica and Peru in the Pacific, and in the northern Arabian Sea in the Indian Ocean. Deep water also seems to be reaching the surface in the subarctic Pacific gyre near the Kamchatka Peninsula. The low-C-14 water drawn up to the surface in the upwelling zones is also shown to spread across the ocean basins. It is easily seen, for example, in the western Atlantic off Florida and in the western Pacific off New Guinea and Palau. The spreading allows one to estimate the volumes of upwelling, which, it turns out, are similar to the volumes of large-scale upwelling derived from inverse box models. This means that very large volumes of cool subsurface water are reaching the surface in and near the upwelling zonesmuch larger volumes than would be expected from the local winds.

Plain Language Summary The deep layers of the ocean are filled with cold dense water that sinks from the surface near Antarctica and in the northern North Atlantic. This process is understood reasonably well. The countervailing processthe way that the dense water is brought back up to the surfaceis not as well understood. Oceanographers now agree that the ocean{\textquoteright}s deep water is drawn back up to the surface (upwelled) mainly around Antarctica as part of the wind-driven overturning in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). But cool water is also known to reach the surface in upwelling zones around the ocean{\textquoteright}s margins. Here we map the upwelling north of the ACC with the radioactive isotope carbon-14 and show that the deep water upwelled to the surface around Antarctica seems to be drawn up to the surface a second time in the upwelling zones. The water drawn up to the surface in the upwelling zones then flows back to the North Atlantic and sinks again to complete the cycle.},
	keywords = {Ocean circulation, overturning circulation, radiocarbon, Upwelling},
	issn = {2169-9275},
	doi = {10.1029/2018JC014794},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018JC014794},
	author = {Toggweiler, J. R. and Druffel, Ellen R. M. and Key, Robert M. and Galbraith, Eric D.}
}
@article {2645,
	title = {Upwelling in the Ocean Basins North of the ACC: 2. How Cool Subantarctic Water Reaches the Surface in the Tropics},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},
	volume = {124},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Apr-04-2020},
	pages = {2609 - 2625},
	abstract = {Large volumes of cool water are drawn up to the surface in the tropical oceans. A companion paper shows that the cool water reaches the surface in or near the upwelling zones off northern and southern Africa and Peru. The cool water has a subantarctic origin and spreads extensively across the Atlantic and Pacific basins after it reaches the surface. Here, we look at the spreading in two low-resolution ocean general circulation models and find that the spreading in the models is much less extensive than observed. The problem seems to be the way the upwelling and the spreading are connected (or not connected) to the ocean{\textquoteright}s large-scale overturning. As proposed here, the cool upwelling develops when warm buoyant water in the western tropics is drawn away to become deep water in the North Atlantic. The drawing away shoals the tropical thermocline in a way that allows cool subantarctic water to be drawn up to the surface along the eastern margins. The amounts of upwelling produced this way exceed the amounts generated by the winds in the upwelling zones by as much as 4 times. Flow restrictions make it difficult for the warm buoyant water in our models to be drawn away.

Plain Language Summary A companion paper uses the radioactive isotope carbon-14 to map the upwelling in the ocean basins north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). It shows that deep water drawn up to the surface to the south of the ACC is drawn up to the surface a second time in a number of upwelling areas in the tropics. In this paper, we attempt to simulate the tropical upwelling in an ocean circulation model and find that it is largely missing. Other circulation features are missing as well. The other features operate on the opposite sides of the ocean basins from the upwelling areas and help carry warm water out of the tropics (outflows). The combination of missing elements leads to a hypothesis about the upwelling mechanism. Our hypothesis is that the tropical upwelling is driven by the outflows and the fact that the warm water being carried away ultimately becomes deep water again in the North Atlantic.},
	keywords = {numerical modeling, Ocean circulation, overturning circulation, Upwelling},
	issn = {2169-9275},
	doi = {10.1029/2018JC014795},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331524382_Upwelling_in_the_Ocean_Basins_north_of_the_ACC_Part_1_On_the_Upwelling_Exposed_by_the_Surface_Distribution_of_D_14_C},
	author = {Toggweiler, J. R. and Druffel, Ellen R. M. and Key, Robert M. and Galbraith, Eric D.}
}
@article {2801,
	title = {Asynchronous behavior of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and local glaciers during and since Termination 1, Salmon Valley, Antarctica},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {482},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-01-2018},
	pages = {396 - 406},
	abstract = {The stability of the Antarctic Ice Sheet under future warming remains an open question with broad implications for sea-level prediction and adaptation. In particular, knowledge of whether the ice sheet has the capacity for rapid drawdown or collapse, or whether it can remain stable during periods of warming, is essential for predicting its future behavior. Here we use 55 radiocarbon dates, coupled with geomorphologic mapping, to reconstruct the timing of changes in ice extent and elevation during the last ice-age termination in Salmon Valley, adjacent to McMurdo Sound in the western Ross Sea Embayment. Results indicate that a grounded ice sheet in the Ross Sea Embayment achieved its maximum elevation and extent along the headlands of Salmon Valley at \~{}18,000 yr BP, during a period of increasing temperatures and accumulation over the Antarctic continent. This ice remained at or near its maximum on the headlands near the valley mouth until after \~{}14,000 yr BP. Removal of grounded Ross Sea ice from Salmon Valley was complete shortly after \~{}7900 yr BP, indicating that the grounding line had retreated through southern McMurdo Sound by that time. We suggest the primary driver of Ross Sea ice removal from McMurdo Sound was marine-based, either through basal melting or calving due to sea-level rise. When combined with regional data, the Salmon Valley record suggests that this sector of the Antarctic Ice Sheet did not contribute in a significant way to deglacial meltwater pulses, such as meltwater pulse 1a. In contrast to the Ross Sea ice, our work also shows that local, independent alpine glaciers in Salmon Valley have advanced through the Holocene. Land-terminating glaciers such as these elsewhere in the region show a similar pattern, and may reflect the continued influence of increased accumulation following the termination of the last ice age.},
	keywords = {Antarctic Ice Sheet, glacial geomorphology, ice sheet stability, Termination I},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2017.11.038},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012821X1730674X},
	author = {Jackson, Margaret S. and Hall, Brenda L. and Denton, George H.}
}
@article {2693,
	title = {A centuries-long delay between a paleo-ice-shelf collapse and grounding-line retreat in the Whales Deep Basin, eastern Ross Sea, Antarctica},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-12-2018},
	abstract = {Recent thinning and loss of Antarctic ice shelves has been followed by near synchronous acceleration of ice flow that may eventually lead to sustained deflation and significant contraction in the extent of grounded and floating ice. Here, we present radiocarbon dates from foraminifera that constrain the time elapsed between a previously described paleo-ice-shelf collapse and the subsequent major grounding-line retreat in the Whales Deep Basin (WDB) of eastern Ross Sea. The dates indicate that West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) grounding-line retreat from the continental shelf edge was underway prior to 14.7 {\textpm} 0.4 cal kyr BP. A paleo-ice-shelf collapse occurred at 12.3 {\textpm} 0.2 cal kyr BP. The grounding position was maintained on the outer-continental shelf until at least 11.5 {\textpm} 0.3 cal kyr BP before experiencing a 200-km retreat. Given the age uncertainties, the major grounding-line retreat lagged ice-shelf collapse by at least two centuries and by as much as fourteen centuries. In the WDB, the centuries-long delay in the retreat of grounded ice was partly due to rapid aggradational stacking of an unusually large volume of grounding-zone-wedge sediment as ice-stream discharge accelerated following ice-shelf collapse. This new deglacial reconstruction shows that ongoing changes to ice shelves may trigger complex dynamics whose consequences are realized only after a significant lag.},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-29911-8},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-29911-8},
	author = {Bart, Philip J. and DeCesare, Matthew and Rosenheim, Brad E. and Majewski, Wojceich and McGlannan, Austin}
}
@article {2612,
	title = {Climate variability and cultural eutrophication at Walden Pond (Massachusetts, USA) during the last 1800 years},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {131786944304936355638925103443261363251824210727417625108525645371825392233490545519069849653235772249},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Apr-04-2018},
	pages = {e0191755},
	abstract = {Recent shifts in the ecological condition of Walden Pond, MA, are of
potentially wide interest due to the lake{\textquoteright}s importance as a cultural,
historical, and recreational resource in addition to its scientific
value as an indicator of local and global environmental change. Algal
microfossils in six sediment cores document changes in hydroclimate and
trophic status of the lake during the last 1800 years and extend two
previous sediment core records of shorter length. Low percentages of
planktonic diatoms in the longest cores (WAL-3, WAL-15) indicate
shallowing and/or greater water clarity associated with a relatively
arid interval during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, ca. A.D. 1150-1300,
Cultural eutrophication of the lake since the A.D. 1920s caused diatoms
in the genera Asterionella and Synedra to increase in relative abundance
at the expense of Cyclotella, Discostella, and the chrysophyte alga
Mallomonas allorgel. Percentages of Asterionella and Synedra have
remained fairly stable since A.D. 2000 when a previous sediment core
study was conducted, but scaled chrysophytes have become more numerous.
These findings suggest that, although mitigation efforts have curtailed
anthropogenic nutrient inputs to Walden Pond, the lake has not returned
to the pre-impact condition described by Henry David Thoreau and may
become increasingly vulnerable to further changes in water quality in a
warmer and possibly wetter future.},
	keywords = {BOREAL LAKES, canada, CRAWFORD LAKE, DEPTH MODELS, ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE, ice-age, new-england, NORTH-AMERICA, NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES, organic-matter},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0191755},
	url = {https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180404143418.htm},
	author = {Stager, J. Curt and Wiltse, Brendan and Hubeny, J. Bradford and Yankowsky, Eric and Nardelli, David and Primack, Richard},
	editor = {Doi, Hideyuki}
}
@article {2755,
	title = {Climatic control of Mississippi River flood hazard amplified by river engineering},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {556},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-04-2018},
	pages = {95 - 98},
	abstract = {Over the past century, many of the world{\textquoteright}s major rivers have been modified for the purposes of flood mitigation, power generation and commercial navigation1. Engineering modifications to the Mississippi River system have altered the river{\textquoteright}s sediment levels and channel morphology2, but the influence of these modifications on flood hazard is debated3,4,5. Detecting and attributing changes in river discharge is challenging because instrumental streamflow records are often too short to evaluate the range of natural hydrological variability before the establishment of flood mitigation infrastructure. Here we show that multi-decadal trends of flood hazard on the lower Mississippi River are strongly modulated by dynamical modes of climate variability, particularly the El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, but that the artificial channelization (confinement to a straightened channel) has greatly amplified flood magnitudes over the past century. Our results, based on a multi-proxy reconstruction of flood frequency and magnitude spanning the past 500 years, reveal that the magnitude of the 100-year flood (a flood with a 1 per cent chance of being exceeded in any year) has increased by 20 per cent over those five centuries, with about 75 per cent of this increase attributed to river engineering. We conclude that the interaction of human alterations to the Mississippi River system with dynamical modes of climate variability has elevated the current flood hazard to levels that are unprecedented within the past five centuries.},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature26145},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/nature26145},
	author = {Munoz, Samuel E. and Giosan, Liviu and Therrell, Matthew D. and Remo, Jonathan W. F. and Shen, Zhixiong and Sullivan, Richard M. and Wiman, Charlotte and O{\textquoteright}Donnell, Michelle and Donnelly, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {2622,
	title = {Combining Conflicting Bayesian Models to Develop Paleoseismic Records: An Example from the Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Feb-06-2020},
	abstract = {Bayesian statistical analyses of paleoseismic data result in the probabilistic determination of earthquake times using geochronological data evaluated in the context of a stratigraphic model. However, a fundamental problem in paleoseismology is how to use the Bayesian approach to model sparse and/or conflicting geochronological datasets, such as those derived from sites exhibiting episodic sedimentary and pedogenic processes in moderate- to high-energy environments (e.g., a normal-faulted alluvial fan). Using paleoseismic data for the Corner Canyon site on the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault zone (Utah), we develop an approach by which multiple Bayesian models are combined to generate an earthquake history at a site. This approach accommodates mutually exclusive interpretations of the geochronological data and thereby limits the influence of sparse data, stratigraphically inconsistent ages, or a single, subjective model interpretation. For the Corner Canyon site, we integrate four OxCal Bayesian models to generate a chronology of six events between \~{}4.8 and \~{}0.5  ka. Late Holocene (post-5 ka) mean recurrence and vertical slip-rate estimates are \~{}0.9  ky (0.7{\textendash}1.0 ky; 95\% confidence) and 1.1  mm/yr (0.8{\textendash}1.7  mm/yr range), respectively. Although our method increases the uncertainty in the timing of individual earthquakes, it more objectively accounts for potential geochronological errors and different interpretations of stratigraphic age control. By relaxing the need to select a single age model, our approach yields more accurate earthquake-timing results that will better facilitate evaluations of along-fault event correlation and earthquake rupture length.},
	issn = {0037-1106},
	doi = {10.1785/0120170302},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/536312/Combining-Conflicting-Bayesian-Models-to-Develop},
	author = {DuRoss, Christopher B. and Bennett, Scott E. K. and Briggs, Richard W. and Personius, Stephen F. and Gold, Ryan D. and Reitman, Nadine G. and Hiscock, Adam I. and Mahan, Shannon A.}
}
@article {2888,
	title = {Decreased sedimentation efficiency of petro- and non-petro-carbon caused by a dispersant for Macondo surrogate oil in a mesocosm simulating a coastal microbial community},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {206},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-10-2018},
	pages = {34 - 43},
	abstract = {Large amounts of mucous-rich oil-containing marine snow formed in surface waters adjacent to the Deepwater Horizon spill. This marine oil snow (MOS) was implicated in oil delivery to the seafloor. Whether the use of chemical dispersants increased or decreased MOS sedimentation remains controversial. We conducted mesocosm experiments testing the effects of oil and oil plus a dispersant on MOS formation and sedimentation, in coastal seawater. The four treatments used were a surrogate Macondo oil water accommodated fraction ({\textquotedblleft}WAF{\textquotedblright}), two concentrations of chemically-enhanced WAF ({\textquotedblleft}CEWAF{\textquotedblright} and diluted CEWAF, {\textquotedblleft}DCEWAF{\textquotedblright}) containing a dispersant and oil, and Controls (no additions). Based on radiocarbon and 13C NMR results, the presence of dispersants enhanced the amounts of petro-carbon being incorporated into the sinking oil-carrying aggregates (aka MOS). However, most of the chemically-dispersed oil preferentially partitioned into the colloidal and suspended particulate fractions rather than into the rapidly forming MOS. Thus the oil and non-petro-carbon sedimentation efficiency in treatments with a dispersant was much lower, compared to those in the Control and WAF treatments, during the four-day mesocosm experiment. Formation of MOS and its subsequent sinking sequestered the oil in two stages: first via terrestrial-derived detritus containing humic compounds, and subsequently via freshly produced material, such as exopolymeric substances produced by phytoplankton and bacteria.},
	issn = {03044203},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marchem.2018.09.002},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304420318301415},
	author = {Xu, Chen and Zhang, Saijin and Beaver, Morgan and Wozniak, Andrew and Obeid, Wassim and Lin, Youmin and Wade, Terry L. and Schwehr, Kathleen A. and Lin, Peng and Sun, Luni and Hatcher, Patrick G. and Chin, Wei-Chun and Chiu, Meng-Hsuen and Knap, Anthony H. and Dean, Kendra and Quigg, Antonietta and Santschi, Peter H.}
}
@article {2620,
	title = {Deglacial floods in the Beaufort Sea preceded Younger Dryas cooling},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2018},
	month = {08/2018},
	pages = {599 - 604},
	abstract = {A period of cooling about 13,000 years ago interrupted about 2,000 years of deglacial warming. Known as the Younger Dryas (YD), the event is thought to have resulted from a slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in response to a sudden flood of Laurentide Ice Sheet meltwater that reached the Nordic Seas. Oxygen isotope evidence for a local source of meltwater to the open western North Atlantic from the Gulf of St Lawrence has been lacking. Here we report that the eastern Beaufort Sea contains the long-sought signal of O-18-depleted water. Beginning at similar to 12.94 {\textpm} 0.15 thousand years ago, oxygen isotopes in the planktonic foraminifera from two sediment cores as well as sediment and seismic data indicate a flood of meltwater, ice and sediment to the Arctic via the Mackenzie River that lasted about 700 years. The minimum in the oxygen isotope ratios lasted similar to 130 years. We suggest that the floodwater travelled north along the Canadian Archipelago and then through the Fram Strait to the Nordic Seas, where freshening and freezing near sites of deep-water formation would have suppressed convection and caused the YD cooling by reducing the meridional overturning.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/s41561-018-0169-6},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0169-6http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0169-6.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0169-6http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0169-6.pdf},
	author = {Keigwin, L. D. and Klotsko, S. and Zhao, N. and Reilly, B. and Giosan, L. and Driscoll, N. W.}
}
@article {2753,
	title = {Drought in the northern Bahamas from 3300 to 2500 years ago},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {186},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-04-2018},
	pages = {169 - 185},
	abstract = {Intensification and western displacement of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH) is projected for this century, which can decrease Caribbean and southeastern American rainfall on seasonal and annual timescales. However, additional hydroclimate records are needed from the northern Caribbean to understand the long-term behavior of the NASH, and better forecast its future behavior. Here we present a multi-proxy sinkhole lake reconstruction from a carbonate island that is proximal to the NASH (Abaco Island, The Bahamas). The reconstruction indicates the northern Bahamas experienced a drought from \~{}3300 to \~{}2500 Cal yrs BP, which coincides with evidence from other hydroclimate and oceanographic records (e.g., Africa, Caribbean, and South America) for a synchronous southern displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and North Atlantic Hadley Cell. The specific cause of the hydroclimate change in the northeastern Caribbean region from \~{}3300 to 2500 Cal yrs BP was probably coeval southern or western displacement of the NASH, which would have increased northeastern Caribbean exposure to subsiding air from higher altitudes.},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.02.014},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379117306273},
	author = {van Hengstum, Peter J. and Maale, Gerhard and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Albury, Nancy A. and Onac, Bogdan P. and Sullivan, Richard M. and Winkler, Tyler S. and Tamalavage, Anne E. and MacDonald, Dana}
}
@article {2777,
	title = {Dual-Isotope Constraints on Seasonally Resolved Source Fingerprinting of Black Carbon Aerosols in Sites of the Four Emission Hot Spot Regions of China},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Mar-10-2020},
	pages = {11,735 - 11,747},
	abstract = {Despite much recent efforts, the emission sources of black carbon (BC) aerosols--central input to understanding and predicting environmental and climate impact--remain highly uncertain. Here we present observational δ13C/Δ14C-based constraints on the sources of BC aerosols over the four seasons in each of the four key hot spot emission regions of China: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH-Wuqing; where Wuqing is the sampling location), Yangtze River Delta (YRD-Haining), Pearl River Delta (PRD-Zhongshan), and Sichuan Basin (SC-Deyang). Overall, BC loadings were highest in winter, yet elevated loadings were also observed in other seasons, for example, spring at SC-Deyang and fall at PRD-Zhongshan. Annually, the dominant BC sources were coal (50 {\textpm} 20\%) for BTH-Wuqing, liquid fossil for YRD-Haining (46 {\textpm} 8\%) and PRD-Zhongshan (48 {\textpm} 18\%), whereas liquid fossil (42 {\textpm} 17\%) and biomass burning (41 {\textpm} 14\%) equally affected SC-Deyang. There is also different but distinct seasonalities in BC sources for the different sites. As an example, for BTH-Wuqing coal burning increased from summer to winter, while summer and spring BTH-Wuqing were more influenced by liquid fossil. In contrast, for YRD-Haining, the relative importance of emission sources was more constant over the year. These quantitative observational constraints on source-seasonality of BC aerosols in receptor sites located in China{\textquoteright}s four key economic zones highlight that regulatory control on BC aerosol emissions from different fuels should consider both seasonal and regional variations. Our results also suggest that models on estimates of BC-induced climate and air quality should consider variations over both regional and seasonal scales.},
	keywords = {aerosol, BLACK CARBON, carbon isotope, china, emission sources, seasonality},
	doi = {10.1029/2018JD028607},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2018JD028607},
	author = {Fang, Wenzheng and Du, Ke and Andersson, August and Xing, Zhenyu and Cho, Chaeyoon and Kim, Sang-Woo and Deng, Junjun and Gustafsson, {\"O}rjan}
}
@article {2790,
	title = {Ecological history of a long-lived conifer in a disjunct population},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {106},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-01-2018},
	pages = {319 - 332},
	abstract = {    In northern Idaho (USA), more than 100 vascular plant species are disjunct >160 km from their main distribution along the Pacific Northwest coast. It remains unclear whether most species within this interior forest disjunction, including Tsuga mertensiana, survived the last glacial period in a north-Idaho refugium or whether these species colonized the region via long-distance dispersal during the Holocene.
    Sediment cores were extracted from three mid- to high-elevation lakes within T. mertensiana-dominated forests in the Northern Rocky Mountains of Idaho. Pollen and macrofossils were used to reconstruct forest composition, determine the timing of T. mertensiana establishment, examine the hypothesis that the region was a glacial refugium, and contrast how climate, competition and/or dispersal limitation have influenced its modern distribution.
    The modern distribution of T. mertensiana was analysed by constructing a range map and modelling the potential species distribution. The presence of outlier populations surrounding the Idaho disjunction along with broad areas of unoccupied suitable habitat indicates that the range of T. mertensiana is currently expanding. To assess the accuracy of T. mertensiana pollen at detecting its range limit, a network of pollen surface samples was used to analyse the probability of detecting T. mertensiana pollen as a function of distance from its geographical range limit. Consistent T. mertensiana pollen occurrence at >=1\% abundance is likely only within 42 km of its range limit.
    Tsuga mertensiana first appears in the pollen and macrofossil record at the highest-elevation site at c. 4,100 cal year bp, then at the next highest-elevation site at c. 1,600 cal year bp, and last at the mid-elevation site at 800 cal year bp. Tsuga mertensiana pollen occurs continuously at >=1\% at all three sites by c. 300 cal year bp suggesting regional presence. The timing of arrival suggests that T. mertensiana is a recent component of the forests of Idaho, having arrived during the Holocene via long-distance dispersal from coastal populations over 160 km away.
    Synthesis. Comparison with palaeoclimate reconstructions from the broader region suggests that climate was a greater limiting factor than dispersal in the Holocene establishment in the interior, indicating little difficulty overcoming a large dispersal barrier. However, T. mertensiana remained at low abundances for millennia until Little Ice Age climates promoted its recent increase in abundance. Unoccupied areas of suitable habitat suggest that competition, rather than climate or dispersal, is a limiting range infilling in the interior mesic forests today.
},
	keywords = {climate, disjunction, dispersal, Holocene, Idaho, mertensiana, Palaeoecology, pollen, refugia, Tsuga},
	doi = {10.1111/1365-2745.12826},
	url = {https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2745.12826},
	author = {Herring, Erin M. and Gavin, Daniel G. and Dobrowski, Solomon Z. and Fernandez, Matias and Hu, Feng Sheng},
	editor = {Gill, Jacquelyn}
}
@article {2722,
	title = {The Ephemeral Signature of Permafrost Carbon in an Arctic Fluvial Network},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jul-05-2018},
	pages = {1475 - 1485},
	abstract = {Arctic fluvial networks process, outgas, and transport significant quantities of terrestrial organic carbon (C), particularly dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The proportion of permafrost C in these fluxes, however, is poorly constrained. A primary obstacle to the quantification of permafrost-derived DOC is that it is rapidly respired without leaving a unique tracer of its presence. In this study, we investigated the production of bacterial respiratory carbon dioxide (CO2; measured as dissolved inorganic carbon; DIC) during maximum late-summer thaw in sites spanning a fluvial network (Kolyma Basin, Siberia) to assess whether the biodegradation of permafrost DOC could be detected by the presence of a persistent aged (14C-depleted) signature on the DIC pool. Using Keeling plot interpretation of DIC produced in bioincubations of river water, we show that bacteria respire varying sources of DOC moving downstream through the fluvial network. Respiration of permafrost (production of aged CO2) was only detected in heavily permafrost thaw influenced sites. In nonpermafrost thaw impacted sites, ambient DIC was modern (14C-enriched), but rather than precluding the respiration of permafrost OC upstream, we suggest that 14C-depleted DIC is overwhelmed by modern DIC. Investigation of dissolved organic matter composition via Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry highlighted that elevated levels of aliphatic and nitrogen-containing compounds were associated with the production of aged DIC, providing molecular-level insight as to why permafrost-derived dissolved organic matter is rapidly respired. Overall, results from this study demonstrate the difficulty of tracing inputs of a highly reactive substrate to systems with diverse organic matter sources.},
	issn = {2169-8953},
	doi = {10.1029/2017JG004311},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2017JG004311},
	author = {Drake, Travis W. and Guillemette, Fran{\c c}ois and Hemingway, Jordon D. and Chanton, Jeffery P. and Podgorski, David C. and Zimov, Nikita S. and Spencer, Robert G. M.}
}
@article {2898,
	title = {Five Younger Dryas black mats in Mexico and their stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental context},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {59},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-01-2018},
	pages = {59 - 79},
	abstract = {The Younger Dryas interval (YD) was a period of widespread, abrupt climate change that occurred between 12,900 and 11,700 cal yr BP (10,900{\textendash}10,000 14C BP). Many sites in the Northern Hemisphere preserve a sedimentary record across the onset of the YD interval, including sites investigated in sedimentary basins located in central Mexico (Chapala, Cuitzeo, Acambay), the Basin of Mexico (Tocuila), and northern Mexico (El Cedral). Deposits consist of lacustrine or marginal lake sediments that were deposited during the Pleistocene and the Holocene. At the Tocuila and Acambay sites, Pleistocene fossil vertebrate assemblages, mainly mammoths (Mammuthus columbi), are found in association with a distinctive organic layer, sometimes called the black mat that formed during the YD. At the Chapala, Cuitzeo, Acambay, and Tocuila sites the black mats contain a suite of distinctive microscopic and mineralogical signatures and are accompanied by a sharp change in the depositional environments as supported by diatom and pollen studies reported here. The signatures include magnetic, Fe-rich microspherules, silica melted droplets with aerodynamic shapes (tektites), large amounts of charcoal, and sometimes nanodiamonds (Cuitzeo), all of which were deposited at the onset of the YD. The geochemistry of the microspherules indicates that they are not anthropogenic, authigenic or of cosmic or volcanic origin, and instead, were produced by melting and quenching of terrestrial sediments. Here, we present the stratigraphy at five field sites, the analyses of magnetic microspherules, including major element composition and scanning electron microscopy images. All of these materials are associated with charcoal and soot, which are distinctive stratigraphic markers for the YD layer at several sites in Mexico.},
	issn = {0921-2728},
	doi = {10.1007/s10933-017-9982-y},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10933-017-9982-y},
	author = {Israde-Alc{\'a}ntara, Isabel and Dom{\'\i}nguez-V{\'a}zquez, G. and Gonzalez, S. and Bischoff, J. and West, A. and Huddart, D.}
}
@article {2841,
	title = {Fossil Fuel Combustion Emission From South Asia Influences Precipitation Dissolved Organic Carbon Reaching the Remote Tibetan Plateau: Isotopic and Molecular Evidence},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Apr-06-2019},
	pages = {6248 - 6258},
	abstract = {The dissolved organic carbon in precipitation (water-soluble organic carbon, WSOC) can provide a carbon subsidy to receiving ecosystems. The concentrations, isotopic signatures (δ13C/Δ14C), and molecular signatures (transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry) of WSOC being delivered to Nam Co{\textemdash}a remote site on the inland Tibetan Plateau (TP){\textemdash}were compared to those of WSOC in the snowpack, and in wet deposition from urban cities fringing the TP. The average WSOC concentration at Nam Co (1.0 {\textpm} 0.9 mg C L-1) was lower than for the large cities (1.6 to 2.3 mg C L-1) but higher than in the snowpack samples (0.26 {\textpm} 0.09 mg C L-1). Based upon radiocarbon data, it is estimated that 15 {\textpm} 6\% of Nam Co WSOC was fossil derived, increasing to 20 {\textpm} 8\% for snowpack WSOC, 29 {\textpm} 4\% for Lhasa WSOC, and 34 {\textpm} 8\% for the three cities. Transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry results revealed that the abundance of dissolved black carbon and sulfur-containing molecules of WSOC increased in the order Nam Co < snow pack < urban. The enrichment in 14C and depletion in dissolved black carbon and sulfurous organic molecules of Nam Co WSOC was suggestive of low, but still detectable inputs of fossil-derived organics to WSOC on the remote TP. Backward air mass trajectories for the precipitation events at Nam Co suggested that the fossil fuel contributions to WSOC in Nam Co region originated mainly from South Asia. This study provides novel radiocarbon age, chemistry, and source evidence that anthropogenic WSOC is delivered to the remote TP, one of the most remote regions on Earth.},
	doi = {10.1029/2017JD028181},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2017JD028181},
	author = {Li, Chaoliu and Chen, Pengfei and Kang, Shichang and Yan, Fangping and Tripathee, Lekhendra and Wu, Guangjian and Qu, Bin and Sillanp{\"a}{\"a}, Mika and Yang, Di and Dittmar, Thorsten and Stubbins, Aron and Raymond, Peter A.}
}
@article {2723,
	title = {Isotopic composition of sinking particles: Oil effects, recovery andbaselines in the Gulf of Mexico, 2010{\textendash}2015},
	journal = {Elem Sci Anth},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Sep-01-2018},
	pages = {43},
	abstract = {The extensive release of oil during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill in the northern Gulf of Mexico perturbed the pelagic ecosystem and associated sinking material. To gauge the recovery and post-spill baseline sources, we measured Δ14C, δ13C and δ34S of sinking particles near the spill site and at a reference site and natural seep site. Particulates were collected August 2010{\textendash}April 2016 in sediment traps moored at sites with depths of 1160{\textendash}1660 m. Near the spill site, changes in Δ14C indicated a 3-year recovery period, while δ34S indicated 1{\textendash}2 years, which agreed with estimates of 1{\textendash}2 years based on hydrocarbon composition. Under post-spill baseline conditions, carbon inputs to sinking particulates in the northern Gulf were dominated by surface marine production (80{\textendash}85\%) and riverine inputs (15{\textendash}20\%). Near the spill site, Δ14C values were depleted in October 2010 ({\textendash}140 to {\textendash}80{\textperthousand}), increasing systematically by 0.07 {\textpm} 0.02{\textperthousand} day{\textendash}1 until July 2013 when values reached {\textendash}3.2 {\textpm} 31.0{\textperthousand}. This Δ14C baseline was similar to particulates at the reference site (3.8 {\textpm} 31.1{\textperthousand}). At both sites, δ13C values stayed constant throughout the study period ({\textendash}21.9 {\textpm} 0.5{\textperthousand} and {\textendash}21.9 {\textpm} 0.9{\textperthousand}, respectively). δ34S near the spill site was depleted (7.4 {\textpm} 3.1{\textperthousand}) during October 2010{\textendash}September 2011, but enriched (16.9 {\textpm} 2.0{\textperthousand}) and similar to the reference site (16.2 {\textpm} 3.1{\textperthousand}) during November 2012{\textendash}April 2015. At the seep site, Δ14C values were {\textendash}21.7 {\textpm} 45.7{\textperthousand} except during August 2012{\textendash}January 2013 when a significant Δ14C depletion of {\textendash}109.0 {\textpm} 29.1{\textperthousand} was observed. We interpret this depletion period, also observed in δ13C data, as caused by the incorporation of naturally seeped oil into sinking particles. Determination of post-spill baselines for these isotopic signatures allows for evaluation of anthropogenic inputs in future.},
	keywords = {Deep Water Horizon Oil Spill, Gulf of Mexico, isotopes, radiocarbon, sediment trap, sinking particulates},
	doi = {10.1525/elementa.298},
	url = {https://www.elementascience.org/article/10.1525/elementa.298},
	author = {Chanton, Jeffrey P. and Giering, Sarah L. C. and Bosman, Samantha H. and Rogers, Kelsey L. and Sweet, Julia and Asper, Vernon L. and Diercks, Arne R. and Passow, Uta}
}
@article {2625,
	title = {Labile organic carbon dynamics in continental shelf sediments after the recent collapse of the Larsen ice shelves off the eastern Antarctic Peninsula: A radiochemical approach},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {242},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-12-2018},
	pages = {34 - 50},
	abstract = {Labile organic carbon (LOC) dynamics (i.e., of recently produced, planktonic material) and sediment dynamics were studied in the seabed using naturally occurring C-14(org), and Pb-210 measurements in the region where the Larsen Ice Shelves A and B were floating almost two decades ago. A non-steady-state diagenetic model was used to estimate sediment mixing coefficients as well as LOC fluxes to the seabed and LOC turnover times (i.e., mean residence times) in a suite of 14 sediment cores from the continental shelf, including a glacial trough. At four of the stations, cores were collected during 2007 and 2011 cruises, enabling a time-series approach for understanding the evolution of sedimentary processes and LOC dynamics in the deposits below a collapsed ice shelf. Sediment mixing coefficients, based on non-steady-state Pb-210 profiles, varied between 0.01 cm(2) y(-1) and 1.6 cm(2) y(-1) in these post-ice shelf sediments. These values were similar to those found in polar deep-sea environments, where sedimentary conditions are less dynamic than in shallower provinces. LOC, whose abundance decreased uniformly with depth, was detected to depths ranging from 2 to 16 cm, with LOC seabed inventories varying from 1.5 to 22 mg LOC cm(-2). Excess Pb-210 and LOC fluxes were relatively uniform across the study area suggesting that similar particle fluxes have taken place within theLarsen system since the disintegration of the various ice shelves. The LOC mean residence time at the different stations varied from 3 y to >60 y. The C-14(org), approach, calculating LOC content based on a two-end  member model with planktonic 14C(org) as the labile carbon end member, most closely correlated with the lipid content of the sediment, which has been considered one of the best descriptors of reactive organic matter readily available to benthic consumers. We suggest that the irregular combination of sea ice coverage, organic matter production and supply to the sea floor introduce scatter in the determination of sediment and LOC dynamics such that short-term temporal (<5 years) and spatial trends could not be readily resolved.},
	issn = {00167037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2018.08.011},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016703718304393https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0016703718304393?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0016703718304393?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Isla, E. and DeMaster, D.J.}
}
@article {2616,
	title = {Large Variability of Dissolved Inorganic Radiocarbon in the Kuroshio Extension of the Northwest North PacificABSTRACT},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {60264317255},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-04-2018},
	pages = {691 - 704},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon (C-14) in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was measured for water samples collected from six deep stations in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region in the northwestern North Pacific in April-May 2015. Vertical profiles of Delta C-14-DIC indicate that bomb-produced Delta
C-14 was present from the surface to similar to 1500 m water depth. Large variations in Delta C-14-DIC values (300 parts per thousand) were
observed at 500 m water depth among the stations and the differences were likely controlled by transport and mixing dynamics of different
water masses in the region. The major Pacific western boundary currents, such as Kuroshio and Oyashio and regional mesoscale eddies, could play important roles affecting the observed Delta C-14-DIC variability. The depth profiles of both Delta C-14-DIC and DIC concentrations can be predicted by the solution mixing model and can be used as conservative tracers of water mass movement and water parcel homogenization in the
ocean.},
	keywords = {bomb radiocarbon, carbon, intermediate water, MIXED WATER REGION, ocean, WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENTS},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2017.143},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822217001436/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033822217001436},
	author = {Ding, Ling and Ge, Tiantian and Gao, Huiwang and Luo, Chunle and Xue, Yuejun and Druffel, Ellen R M and Wang, Xuchen}
}
@article {2751,
	title = {Large-Scale Intrusion of Circumpolar Deep Water on Antarctic Margin Recorded by Stylasterid Corals},
	journal = {Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2018},
	month = {May-11-2018},
	pages = {1306 - 1321},
	abstract = {We present centennial-scale radiocarbon (14C) records archived by deep sea stylasterid corals from the outer shelf and upper slope of the Antarctic margin. These novel stylasterids (Errina spp.) were collected from the western Ross Sea shelf (500 m) and slope (1,700 m), as well as the eastern Wilkes Land shelf (670 m). We provide two corals from each region and document an abrupt reversal of 14C ages in the upper (younger) part of each coral. We test the statistical robustness of each record and demonstrate the significance of the age reversals, as well as the ability of these corals to record environmental change. We discuss a variety of possible drivers for this 14C reversal and conclude that it is most likely an encroachment of 14C-depeleted Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW). This water mass has regionally intruded onto the Antarctic margin in recent decades, facilitating loss of grounded Antarctic ice; which has implications for global sea level, deep-water formation, and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Thus, understanding the past variability of CDW on the margin is vital to better constrain climate change trajectories in the near future. We estimate large-scale encroachment of CDW onto the shelf likely commencing after 1830 CE ({\textpm}120 year). We present possible drivers for the intrusion, but highlight the need for additional chronologic constraint. This study not only demonstrates the utility of a novel coral taxon but also presents the paleoceanographic community with a testable hypothesis concerning a recent, widespread CDW intrusion.},
	issn = {2572-4517},
	doi = {10.1029/2018PA003439},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018PA003439},
	author = {King, Theresa M. and Rosenheim, Brad E. and Post, Alexandra L. and Gabris, Theresa and Burt, Taylor and Domack, Eugene W.}
}
@article {2742,
	title = {Late Holocene paleoceanography in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, Arctic Ocean, based on benthic foraminifera and ostracodes},
	journal = {arktos},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-12-2018},
	abstract = {Calcareous microfossil assemblages in late Holocene sediments from the western Arctic continental shelf provide an important baseline for evaluating the impacts of today{\textquoteright}s changing Arctic oceanography. This study compares 14C-dated late Holocene microfaunal assemblages of sediment cores SWERUS-L2-2-PC1, 2-MC4 and 2-KL1 (57 mwd), which record the last 4200 years in the Herald Canyon (Chukchi Sea shelf), and HLY1302-JPC-32, GGC-30, MC-29 (60 mwd), which record the last 3000 years in the Beaufort Sea shelf off the coast of Canada. Foraminiferal and ostracode assemblages are typical of Arctic continental shelf environments with annual sea-ice cover and show relatively small changes in terms of variability of dominant species. Important microfaunal changes in the Beaufort site include a spike in Spiroplectammina biformis coinciding with a decrease in Cassidulina reniforme in the last few centuries suggesting an increase of Pacific Water influence and decreased sea-ice. There is low-amplitude centennial-scale variability in proportions of benthic foraminiferal species, such as C. reniforme. In addition to these species, Cassidulina teretis s.l., Elphidium excavatum clavatum and Stainforthia feylingi are also common at this site. At the Herald Canyon site in the last few centuries, C. reniforme peaks around 150 years BP and then decreases while Spiroplectammina earlandi spikes and Acanthocythereis dunelmensis decreases also suggesting an increase in Pacific Water influence and decreased sea-ice at this site. This site also includes Buccella spp. and Elphidium excavatum clavatum. Differences in benthic foraminifera and ostracode species dominance between the two sites may be due to a greater influence of Pacific Water in the Chukchi shelf, compared to the more distal Beaufort shelf, which is also affected by the Beaufort Gyre and the Mackenzie River.},
	issn = {2364-9453},
	doi = {10.1007/s41063-018-0058-7},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41063-018-0058-7},
	author = {Seidenstein, Julia L. and Cronin, Thomas M. and Gemery, Laura and Keigwin, Lloyd D. and Pearce, Christof and Jakobsson, Martin and Coxall, Helen K. and Wei, Emily A. and Driscoll, Neal W.}
}
@article {2707,
	title = {A long-term decrease in the persistence of soil carbon caused by ancient Maya land use},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-09-2018},
	pages = {645 - 649},
	abstract = {The long-term effects of deforestation on tropical forest soil carbon reservoirs are important for estimating the consequences of land use on the global carbon cycle, but are poorly understood. The Maya Lowlands of Mexico and Guatemala provide a unique opportunity to assess this question, given the widespread deforestation by the ancient Maya that began ~4,000 years ago. Here, we compare radiocarbon ages of plant waxes and macrofossils in sediment cores from three lakes in the Maya Lowlands to record past changes in the mean soil transit time of plant waxes (MTTwax). MTTwax indicates the average age of plant waxes that are transported from soils to lake sediments, and comparison of radiocarbon data from soils and lake sediments within the same catchment indicates that MTTwax reflects the age of carbon in deep soils. All three sediment cores showed a decrease in MTTwax, ranging from 2,300 to 800 years, over the past 3,500 years. This decrease in MTTwax, indicating shorter storage times for carbon in lake catchment soils, is associated with evidence for ancient Maya deforestation. MTTwax never recovered to pre-deforestation values, despite subsequent reforestation, implying that current tropical deforestation will have long-lasting effects on soil carbon sinks.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/s41561-018-0192-7},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327119047_A_long-term_decrease_in_the_persistence_of_soil_carbon_caused_by_ancient_Maya_land_use},
	author = {Douglas, Peter M. J. and Pagani, Mark and Eglinton, Timothy I. and Brenner, Mark and Curtis, Jason H. and Breckenridge, Andy and Johnston, Kevin}
}
@article {2752,
	title = {Mangrove sediment carbon stocks along an elevation gradient: Influence of the late Holocene marine regression (New Caledonia)},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {404},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-10-2018},
	pages = {60 - 70},
	abstract = {Among blue carbon ecosystems, mangroves are very efficient in storing carbon in their sediments over decadal to millennial time scales. However, this ability varies with numerous parameters, including climate and sea-level variations. In New Caledonia, mangrove ecosystems develop in semi-arid conditions with a typical zonation: Rhizophora spp. colonize the seaward side of the intertidal area, while Avicennia marina develops at higher elevations, just below the salt-flat. Within this context, we determined both the quantity (organic carbon content and carbon stocks) and the characteristics (carbon over nitrogen ratios (C/N), stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, radiocarbon age) of the organic matter stored beneath each mangrove stands. Carbon stocks were determined down to different limits with depth: approximate extension of the root systems, one-meter depth, and the hard substrate. Within the extension of the root systems, the sediment carbon stock was lower than 100 MgC ha-1 regardless of the mangrove species. This low value resulted directly from the dry climate that limits mangrove productivity. At depth beneath every zone, a buried layer enriched in mangrove-derived organic matter, with C/N values around 40 and δ13C values around -26{\textperthousand} was observed. This layer likely resulted from a sea-level high stand during the late Holocene that allowed a long period of stability of the mangrove, slowly accumulating organic matter within the sediment. In this buried layer, the carbon stock was higher than in the upper sediment and reached up to 665, 255 and 300 MgC ha-1 in the salt-flat zone, the A. marina stand and the R. spp. stand, respectively. The highest stock, determined beneath the salt-flat, was suggested to be related to a period of sea-level stability that lasted ~3000 years, whereas beneath the other zones, which are at lower elevations, mangrove colonization was more recent and the sea-level was continuously decreasing till recently. Sea-level variations, and, specifically current sea-level rise, may strongly influence mangrove development due to their migration along the tidal elevation gradient to maintain the biotic conditions needed for their development.},
	keywords = {Blue carbon, carbon isotopes, carbon sequestration, Coastal wetlands, Sea-level change, Semi-arid mangrove forest},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2018.07.005},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025322717306072},
	author = {Jacotot, Adrien and Marchand, Cyril and Rosenheim, Brad E. and Domack, Eugene W. and Allenbach, Michel}
}
@article {2736,
	title = {Menardiiform planktonic foraminifera stratigraphy from Middle Pleistocene to Holocene in the Western South Atlantic},
	journal = {REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PALEONTOLOGIA},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2018},
	month = {May-12-2020},
	pages = {225 - 237},
	abstract = {We studied the Middle Pleistocene to Holocene menardiiform planktonic foraminifera (MPF) stratigraphy in six continuous deep-sea sediment cores recovered from the Brazilian continental slope to evaluate its use in climatic characterization and as a reliable biostratigraphic tool in the western South Atlantic. For this purpose, an important issue was to construct a robust local biochronological framework for the past 772 ky in the western South Atlantic (Santos Basin). The oxygen isotope chronostratigraphic control allowed us to recalibrate the MPF events in the Santos Basin and identify diachronous bioevents. The bio-horizons found in the Santos Basin, such as the V/W and T/U (bio)zone boundaries, were found in a different chronostratigraphic position compared to previous studies. Results indicate that typical cyclic disappearances and reappearances of the MPF are not synchronous throughout the Atlantic Ocean and should not be employed for {\textquoteleft}climatic zonation{\textquoteright}. This asynchronous evidence also provides information on the timing of the mechanisms responsible for the proliferation of these species throughout the Atlantic Ocean. Therefore, we strongly recommend that a local biochronological framework should be used for inter-basin comparisons and also accumulation rate estimates, both for paleoclimatic studies and continental slope geohazard assessment. {\textcopyright} 2018, Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {15197530},
	doi = {10.4072/rbp10.4072/rbp.2018.310.4072/rbp.2018.3.03},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330006751_Menardiiform_planktonic_foraminifera_stratigraphy_from_Middle_Pleistocene_to_Holocene_in_the_Western_South_Atlantic},
	author = {Costa, Karen Badaraco and Camillo Jr, Edmundo and Santarosa, Ana Cl{\'a}udia Aoki and Iwai, Fabiane Sayuri and Quadros, Juliana Pereira de and Leipnitz, Itamar Ivo and Toledo, Felipe Antonio de Lima}
}
@article {2615,
	title = {Microbial decomposition of marine dissolved organic matter in cool oceanic crust},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-05-2018},
	pages = {334 - 339},
	abstract = {Marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is one of the largest active reservoirs of reduced carbon on Earth. In the deep ocean, DOC has been described as biologically recalcitrant and has a radiocarbon age of 4,000 to 6,000 years, which far exceeds the timescale of ocean overturning. However, abiotic removal mechanisms cannot account for the full magnitude of deep-ocean DOC loss. Deep-ocean water circulates at low temperatures through volcanic crust on ridge flanks, but little is known about the associated biogeochemical processes and carbon cycling.
Here we present analyses of DOC in fluids from two borehole observatories installed in crustal rocks west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and show that deep-ocean DOC is removed from these cool circulating fluids. The removal mechanism is isotopically selective and causes a shift in specific features of molecular composition, consistent with microbe-mediated oxidation. We suggest organic molecules with an average radiocarbon age of 3,200 years are bioavailable to crustal microbes, and that this removal mechanism may account for at least 5\% of the global loss of DOC in the deep ocean. Cool crustal circulation probably contributes to maintaining the deep ocean as a reservoir of {\textquoteright}aged{\textquoteright} and refractory DOC by discharging the surviving organic carbon constituents that are molecularly degraded and depleted in C-14 and C-13 into the deep ocean.},
	keywords = {carbon, community, deep-ocean, DISTINCT, extraction, fluid-flow, HEAT, MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE, SEAWATER, WESTERN FLANK},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/s41561-018-0109-5},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0109-5http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0109-5.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0109-5http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0109-5.pdf},
	author = {Shah Walter, Sunita R. and Jaekel, Ulrike and Osterholz, Helena and Fisher, Andrew T. and Huber, Julie A. and Pearson, Ann and Dittmar, Thorsten and Girguis, Peter R.}
}
@article {2754,
	title = {Organic matter sources and lateral sedimentation in a Bahamian karst basin (sinkhole) over the late Holocene: Influence of local vegetation and climate},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {506},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-10-2018},
	pages = {70 - 83},
	abstract = {Karst basins (e.g., blueholes, sinkholes) accumulate well-preserved sedimentary successions that provide transformative paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental information. However, the sedimentary processes within these basins are not yet fully understood. Here we present stable carbon isotopic values (δ13Corg) and C:N ratios of bulk organic matter in well-dated sediment cores from Blackwood Sinkhole (Abaco, The Bahamas) to investigate the changing flux of organic matter into the sinkhole during the late Holocene. The provenance of preserved organic matter changed through the late Holocene between three primary sources, as determined by three-endmember mixing modeling: wetland organic matter from the adjacent epikarst surface, authigenic primary productivity in the oligohaline meteoric lens, and terrestrial organic matter from the surrounding landscape. Expansion of wetlands on the adjacent epikarst surface played a critical role by increasing the flux of wetland organic matter to the sinkhole, especially during the last 1000 years. Hurricanes and regional rainfall may have mediated organic matter delivery to the benthos, either through hampering wetland development (prior to 1000 cal yr BP) or by changing dissolved nutrient concentrations available in the basin for primary producers. These results demonstrate that organic matter provenance in karst basins is not constant through time, and is significantly dependent upon both landscape vegetation on the epikarst surface and changing hydrographic conditions that impacts nutrient availability to primary producers.},
	keywords = {Caribbean, Karst, Mixing model, Stable isotopes, Subtropical landscape},
	issn = {00310182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.06.014},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031018218300683},
	author = {Tamalavage, Anne E. and van Hengstum, Peter J. and Louchouarn, Patrick and Molodtsov, Sergey and Kaiser, Karl and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Albury, Nancy A. and Fall, Patricia L.}
}
@article {2618,
	title = {Paleoceanography of northeastern Fram Strait since the last glacial maximum: Palynological evidence of large amplitude changes},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {195},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-09-2018},
	pages = {133 - 152},
	abstract = {Sea-surface conditions in northeastern Fram Strait since the last glacial maximum (LGM) were reconstructed from cores MSM5/5-712-2 and PS2863/1-2 based on palynological assemblages, ecological preferences of dinocysts and application of the modern analog technique. Dinocyst in LGM sediments are sparse, but their assemblages reflect mild summer conditions. Given the regional context and evidence from other tracers, the dinocyst assemblages of the LGM could relate to regional fluxes of dinocysts during exceptional mild summers. From 19 to 14.7 ka, dinocyst data suggest very cold conditions with extensive sea-ice cover, while abundant reworked palynomorphs indicate intense glacial erosion. An abrupt transition at 14.7-14.5 ka was marked by a peak in summer temperatures coinciding with a rapidly deposited sediment layer related to a regional meltwater plume event in western Svalbard. From 14.7 to 12.6 ka, large seasonal temperature contrasts with mild summers and cold winters together with low salinity indicate continuous melting of the
Svalbard Barents Sea ice sheet fostered by warm climate. At 12.6 ka, the regional onset of the Younger Dryas was marked by cooling and increased salinity. On a regional scale, the 12.6-12 ka interval corresponds to an important transition involving enhanced circulation of Arctic waters around Svalbard and establishment of coastal fronts along its northern and western margins. Modern-like oceanic conditions with relatively high salinity and low seasonal temperature contrast developed at about 7.6 ka. Since then, a slight cooling is observed, especially in winter. This study offers a comprehensive picture of the deglacial phases in eastern Fram Strait with unique data on the sea surface salinity, which controls surface water stratification and plays an important role in ocean circulation. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.06.030},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379117303979https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379117303979?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379117303979?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Falardeau, Jade and de Vernal, Anne and Spielhagen, Robert F.}
}
@article {2621,
	title = {Paleoseismic Results from the Alpine Site, Wasatch Fault Zone: Timing and Displacement Data for Six Holocene Earthquakes at the Salt Lake City{\textendash}Provo Segment Boundary},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Feb-10-2018},
	abstract = {To improve the characterization of Holocene earthquakes on the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ), we conducted light detection and ranging (lidar)-based neotectonic mapping and excavated a paleoseismic trench across an 8-m-high fault scarp near Alpine, Utah, located <1  km south of the boundary between the Salt Lake City and Provo segments (SLCS and PS). We document evidence for six paleoearthquakes (AL6{\textendash}AL1) from scarp-derived colluvial wedges and crosscutting relations. A ground-penetrating radar survey across the scarp resolved fault-zone width, but not paleoearthquake stratigraphy. Bayesian (OxCal) modeling of 13 radiocarbon and 13 optically stimulated luminescence ages indicates that six earthquakes occurred \~{}6.2{\textendash}0.4  ka. Interseismic recurrence ranges from 0.2 to 1.8 ky (mean 1.2 ky). We estimate 6.5{\textpm}0.7  m of cumulative vertical tectonic displacement across the >=14-m-wide fault zone used near-field observations of scarp-derived colluvial-wedge thicknesses, antithetic faulting, and graben backtilting. This is similar to our independent estimate of 6.5{\textpm}0.5  m using far-field observations of the offset ground surface and correlation of alluvial-fan stratigraphy across the WFZ. These results suggest that colluvial-wedge thickness at the Alpine site approximates one-half the original west-facing fault scarp height. Per-event vertical displacements range from 0.8 to 1.2 m (mean 1.1 m), which we use to estimate surface rupture lengths that may exceed 50 km from earthquakes as large as moment magnitude (Mw) \~{}7.0. The late Holocene average vertical slip rate is 0.9  mm/yr (0.7{\textendash}1.2  mm/yr range). Earthquake frequency has increased in the past \~{}1  ky, whereas displacement per event has been similar for the past \~{}6  ky, suggesting that strain accumulation is not the sole factor that controls the frequency and size of earthquakes at the SLCS{\textendash}PS segment boundary. These findings can be used for a more nuanced characterization of earthquakes at the SLCS{\textendash}PS boundary and improve earthquake hazard assessments along the Wasatch Front.},
	issn = {0037-1106},
	doi = {10.1785/0120160358},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/556954/Paleoseismic-Results-from-the-Alpine-Site-Wasatch},
	author = {Bennett, S. E. K. and DuRoss, C. B. and Gold, R. D. and Briggs, R. W. and Personius, S. F. and Reitman, N. G. and Devore, J. R. and Hiscock, A. I. and Mahan, S. A. and Gray, H. J. and Gunnarson, S. and Stephenson, W. J. and Pettinger, E. and Odum, J. K.}
}
@article {2738,
	title = {Remobilization of old permafrost carbon to Chukchi Sea sediments during the end of the last deglaciation},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-12-2019},
	abstract = {Climate warming is expected to destabilize permafrost carbon (PF-C) by thaw-erosion and deepening of the seasonally thawed active layer and thereby promote PF-C mineralization to CO2 and CH4. A similar PF-C remobilization might have contributed to the increase in atmospheric CO2 during deglacial warming after the last glacial maximum. Using carbon isotopes and terrestrial biomarkers (Δ14C, δ13C, and lignin phenols), this study quantifies deposition of terrestrial carbon originating from permafrost in sediments from the Chukchi Sea (core SWERUS-L2-4-PC1). The sediment core reconstructs remobilization of permafrost carbon during the late Aller{\o}d warm period starting at 13,000 cal years before present (BP), the Younger Dryas, and the early Holocene warming until 11,000 cal years BP and compares this period with the late Holocene, from 3,650 years BP until present. Dual-carbon-isotope-based source apportionment demonstrates that Ice Complex Deposit{\textemdash}ice- and carbon-rich permafrost from the late Pleistocene (also referred to as Yedoma){\textemdash}was the dominant source of organic carbon (66 {\textpm} 8\%; mean {\textpm} standard deviation) to sediments during the end of the deglaciation, with fluxes more than twice as high (8.0 {\textpm} 4.6 g{\textperiodcentered}m-2{\textperiodcentered}year-1) as in the late Holocene (3.1 {\textpm} 1.0 g{\textperiodcentered}m-2{\textperiodcentered}year-1). These results are consistent with late deglacial PF-C remobilization observed in a Laptev Sea record, yet in contrast with PF-C sources, which at that location were dominated by active layer material from the Lena River watershed. Release of dormant PF-C from erosion of coastal permafrost during the end of the last deglaciation indicates vulnerability of Ice Complex Deposit in response to future warming and sea level changes.},
	keywords = {carbon isotope, climate change feedback, coastal erosion, Deglaciation, past carbon cycling, permafrost},
	issn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2018GB005969},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018GB005969https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018GB005969https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029\%2F2018GB005969https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018GB005969},
	author = {Martens, Jannik and Wild, Birgit and Pearce, Christof and Tesi, Tommaso and Andersson, August and Broder, Lisa and O{\textquoteright}Regan, Matt and Jakobsson, Martin and Sk{\"o}ld, Martin and Gemery, Laura and Cronin, Thomas M. and Semiletov, Igor and Dudarev, Oleg V. and Gustafsson, {\"O}rjan}
}
@article {2799,
	title = {Residential Coal Combustion as a Source of Levoglucosan in ChinaResidential Coal Combustion as a Source of Levoglucosan in China},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jun-02-2018},
	pages = {1665 - 1674},
	abstract = {Levoglucosan (LG) has been widely identified as a specific marker for biomass burning (BB) sources and frequently utilized in estimating the BB contribution to atmospheric fine particles all over the world. However, this study provides direct evidence to show that coal combustion (CC) is also a source of LG, especially in the wintertime in Northern China, based on both source testing and ambient measurement. Our results show that low-temperature residential CC could emit LG with emission factors (EF) ranging from 0.3 to 15.9 mg kg{\textendash}1. Ratios of LG to its isomers, mannosan and galactosan, differ between CC and BB emissions, and the wintertime ratios in Beijing ambient PM2.5 and source-specific tracers including carbon isotopic signatures all indicated a significant contribution from CC to ambient levoglucosan in winter in Beijing. The results suggest that LG cannot be used as a distinct source marker for biomass burning in special cases such as some cities in the northern China, where coal is still widely used in the residential and industrial sectors. Biomass burning sources could be overestimated, although such an over-estimation could vary spatially and temporally.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.7b05858},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.7b05858},
	author = {Yan, Caiqing and Zheng, Mei and Sullivan, Amy P. and Shen, Guofeng and Chen, Yingjun and Wang, Shuxiao and Zhao, Bin and Cai, Siyi and Desyaterik, Yury and Li, Xiaoying and Zhou, Tian and Gustafsson, {\"O}rjan and Collett, Jeffrey L.}
}
@article {2851,
	title = {Seafloor fluid seeps on Kimki Ridge, offshore southern California: Links to active strike-slip faulting},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {150},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-04-2018},
	pages = {82 - 91},
	abstract = {The Kimki Ridge fluid seeps are located in western Catalina Basin about 60 km southwest of the southern California mainland and at a water depth of approximately 1100 m. Multichannel seismic reflection profiles collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 2014 show acoustic transparency within the Kimki Ridge, suggesting the possibility of fluid seeps and possible sub-seafloor fluid pathways. Subsequent multibeam bathymetric and backscatter intensity data collected during a cooperative University of Washington/USGS cruise in early 2016 show subtle seafloor buildups with high acoustic backscatter (reflectivity) in three places along Kimki Ridge, supporting the existence of fluid seepage. A Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) dive, conducted as part of the Nautilus Exploration Program, took place in August 2016 to confirm the presence of these previously unknown seeps and document their characteristics as well as those of any associated biological communities. Two of the three seeps were explored by ROV, and showed abundant evidence of fluid seepage, including characteristic algal mats, chemosynthetic clams, and authigenic carbonate formation. The seeps are comprised of carbonate buildups 1{\textendash}3 m thick and 300{\textendash}500 m across. Within these areas, we interpret broad crater-like depressions 30{\textendash}50 m across and 1{\textendash}2 m deep to be individual seep vents. The seep areas appear to be broad zones of diffuse seepage that support chemosynthetic biologic communities; however, active venting was not observed. Geochemical analyses of rock samples collected from the seeps indicate microbially driven anaerobic oxidation of methane at or near the sediment water interface. Seismic-reflection profiles show chimney-like fluid pathways along the limbs and in the axis of the fold forming Kimki Ridge, and evidence of methane in shallow sediments can be traced into the adjacent Catalina Basin. A system of closely spaced faults located at the axis of the Kimki Ridge anticline may serve as pathways to allow fluid flow to the seafloor. Our data are consistent with other studies that suggest that transpression is an important component in the formation and localization of fluid seeps in a strike-slip setting, implying that seep formation may be a common occurrence at fault stepovers or transpressional bends in strike-slip systems.},
	keywords = {California Inner Continental Borderland, E/V Nautilus, Faulting, methane, Seepages},
	issn = {09670645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.11.001},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0967064517301595},
	author = {Conrad, James E. and Prouty, Nancy G. and Walton, Maureen A.L. and Kluesner, Jared W. and Maier, Katherine L. and McGann, Mary and Brothers, Daniel S. and Roland, Emily C. and Dartnell, Peter}
}
@article {2725,
	title = {Tropical peatland carbon storage linked to global latitudinal trends in peat recalcitrance},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-12-2018},
	abstract = {Peatlands represent large terrestrial carbon banks. Given that most peat accumulates in boreal regions, where low temperatures and water saturation preserve organic matter, the existence of peat in (sub)tropical regions remains enigmatic. Here we examined peat and plant chemistry across a latitudinal transect from the Arctic to the tropics. Near-surface low-latitude peat has lower carbohydrate and greater aromatic content than near-surface high-latitude peat, creating a reduced oxidation state and resulting recalcitrance. This recalcitrance allows peat to persist in the (sub)tropics despite warm temperatures. Because we observed similar declines in carbohydrate content with depth in high-latitude peat, our data explain recent field-scale deep peat warming experiments in which catotelm (deeper) peat remained stable despite temperature increases up to 9 {\textdegree}C. We suggest that high-latitude deep peat reservoirs may be stabilized in the face of climate change by their ultimately lower carbohydrate and higher aromatic composition, similar to tropical peats.},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-06050-2},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-06050-2},
	author = {Hodgkins, Suzanne B. and Richardson, Curtis J. and Dommain, Ren{\'e} and Wang, Hongjun and Glaser, Paul H. and Verbeke, Brittany and Winkler, B. Rose and Cobb, Alexander R. and Rich, Virginia I. and Missilmani, Malak and Flanagan, Neal and Ho, Mengchi and Hoyt, Alison M. and Harvey, Charles F. and Vining, S. Rose and Hough, Moira A. and Moore, Tim R. and Richard, Pierre J. H. and De La Cruz, Florentino B. and Toufaily, Joumana and Hamdan, Rasha and Cooper, William T. and Chanton, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {2599,
	title = {African Baobabs with a Very Large Number of Stems and False Stems: Radiocarbon Investigation of the Baobab of Warang},
	journal = {Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Chemia},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2017},
	month = {May-03-2018},
	pages = {111 - 120},
	abstract = {The article presents the AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon dating results of the baobab of Warang, Senegal. The investigation of the baobab revealed that it consists of 18 partially fused stems, which represents the largest number of stems reported for an African baobab. Three stems build the ring that closes a false cavity, while 15 stems grow outside the ring. Seven wood samples were collected from the false cavity and from the outer part of other stems. The dating results evinced that the stems belong to four different generations, out of which the first generation is around 500 years old. We also documented the presence of false stems, which emerge from a large adjacent stem, are triangular in horizontal section and act as an anchor. The baobab of Warang possesses 12 ordinary stems and 6 false stems.},
	keywords = {Adansonia digitata, Age determination, AMS radiocarbon dating, inner cavity, multiple stems, tropical trees},
	issn = {12247154},
	doi = {10.24193/subbchem10.24193/subbchem.2017.110.24193/subbchem.2017.1.09},
	url = {http://chem.ubbcluj.ro/~studiachemia/http://chem.ubbcluj.ro/~studiachemia/chemia2017_1.htmlhttp://www.chem.ubbcluj.ro/~studiachemia/issues/chemia2017_1/09Patrut_etal_111_120.pdf},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Garnaud, {\'e}bastien and Ka, Oumar and Patrut, Roxana T. and Diagne, Tomas and Lowy, Daniel A. and Forizs, Edit and Bodis, {\H o} and von Reden, Karl F.}
}
@article {2603,
	title = {Age Constraints on Gulf of Mexico Deep Water Ventilation as Determined by 14C MeasurementsAbstract},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jun-09-2018},
	pages = {1 - 16},
	abstract = {While the exchange of water through Yucatan Strait is reasonably well known, the age of the deep water in both the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico is not. We recently measured the radiocarbon (14C) concentrations in deep water in the Gulf of Mexico from a line of stations along 90{\textdegree}30'W. The mean apparent age of water below 900 m, the depth of the Florida Strait sill, was found to be about 740 yr relative to the 1950 14C standard. Depending on how the corrections for biological activity in the upper water are applied, this converts to a {\textquotedblleft}true{\textquotedblright} age of between 231 {\textpm} 28 and 293 {\textpm} 74 yr. These ages agree with a previous estimate of the age of the deep water in the Gulf of Mexico based on heat flows, put upper limits on the age of the deep water in the Caribbean Sea, and provide constraints on modelers for the return of deep water from the Gulf of Mexico to the Caribbean. This might be important in the event of a future deep water oil or other chemical spill in the region.},
	keywords = {Gulf of Mexico, radiocarbon AMS dating, water},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2017.80},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822217000807/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033822217000807},
	author = {Chapman, Piers and DiMarco, Steven F and Key, Robert M and Previti, Connie and Yvon-Lewis, Shari}
}
@article {2575,
	title = {Comparative growth, age at maturity and sex change, and longevity of Hawaiian parrotfishes with bomb radiocarbon validation<i></i>},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jul-06-2017},
	abstract = {Growth rates and longevities were estimated for five major fishery species of parrotfishes ({\textquotedblleft}uhu{\textquotedblright}) at Oahu, Hawai{\textquoteright}i. All species grew rapidly with von Bertalanffy Growth Formula (VBGF) k values >= 0.4 yr-1. Longevities were found to range broadly among the three SMALL species{\textemdash}4 yr in Calotomus carolinus and 6 and 11 yr in Scarus psittacus and Chlorurus spilurus{\textemdash}and to 15-20 yr in S. rubroviolaceus and Chlorurus perspicillatus for the two LARGE species. Age-reading and growth curves for the latter two LARGE species were validated using bomb radiocarbon dating. Median ages at sexual maturity as females (AM50) and at sex change (from female to terminal phase male, A∆50) were estimated using logistic models. Sexual maturation occurred at 1{\textendash}2 yr for the SMALL species and at 3{\textendash}3{\textonehalf} yr in the LARGE species. A∆50 estimates ranged from 2{\textendash}4 yr in the SMALL species and were about 5 and 7 yr in S. rubroviolaceus and C. perspicillatus, respectively. Estimated milestones poorly corresponded to the current minimum legal size for uhu in Hawai{\textquoteright}i (12" or 30.5 cm fork length). Pooling these parrotfishes for management seems generally inappropriate, especially for the two LARGE species. Age-based metrics are more informative than size-based metrics for these fishes},
	issn = {0706-652X},
	doi = {10.1139/cjfas-2016-0523},
	url = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0523},
	author = {DeMartini, Edward E and Andrews, Allen H and Howard, Kathrine G and Taylor, Brett M and Lou, Dongchun and Donovan, Mary K.}
}
@article {2531,
	title = {Compilation of geophysical, geochronological, and geochemical evidence indicates a rapid Mediterranean-derived submergence of the Black Sea{\textquoteright}s shelf and subsequent substantial salinification in the early Holocene},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {383},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-01-2017},
	pages = {14 - 34},
	abstract = {Our knowledge of rate and processes in which semi-enclosed environments alternate from lacustrine to marine is commonly limited because of the paucity of specific proxies for sea level and salinity. Here we investigate the timing, rate, and key mechanisms involved in the transformation of the previously isolated Black Sea-Lake to the modern partly-enclosed marine sea using a suite of geophysical, geochemical, and geochronological methods.

Cores were collected in transects across shelves of Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, and Turkey. Biogenic carbonate from these cores was analyzed for radiocarbon and strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotopes. Strontium results indicate that the submergence of the Black Sea shelf at 9300 calendar years BP was caused by the ingress of Mediterranean water and was abrupt, taking < 40 years. The seismic reflection profiles show a uniform drape of subsequent sediment over aeolian dunes indicating a drowning with no time for erosion accompanying the submergence. Moisture measurements beneath the uniform drape indicate that the shelf was dry before submergence and the shoreline of the Preboreal lake may have regressed to beyond 120 mbsl. Mollusks colonized the newly submerged substrate of the inner shelf at the same time as they colonized the outer shelf. The succession of mollusk species with shells whose strontium isotope composition has a marine component indicates a rising salinity. The transformation of the lake to a sea is affirmed by increases in the shells{\textquoteright} strontium and oxygen isotopic ratios towards the external ocean value.

Radiocarbon years are calibrated to calendar years by tuning the oxygen and carbon isotope composition of the mollusk record to that of the U/Th dated Sofular Cave stalagmites. The match shows a reduction of the lake{\textquoteright}s prior high reservoir age accompanying the inflow of the Mediterranean water. In 900 years the salinity reached a threshold that excluded all previous Black Sea lacustrine fauna. These results imply that any substantial postglacial submergence of the Black Sea shelves did not occur prior to entry of Mediterranean water.},
	keywords = {Black Sea, Black Sea transgression, Isotope geochemistry, Lake transgression, Marine-lake connections, paleoceanography, paleosalinity, Reflection profiles},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2016.11.001},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.11.001},
	author = {Yanchilina, Anastasia G. and Ryan, William B.F. and McManus, Jerry F. and Dimitrov, Petko and Dimitrov, Dimitar and Slavova, Krasimira and Filipova-Marinova, Mariana}
}
@article {2904,
	title = {Coupling of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude climate during the early to mid-Holocene},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-12-2017},
	pages = {1083 - 1086},
	abstract = {Conceptual models predict a tight coupling between the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the Southern Westerly Winds (SWW) in response to glacial-interglacial transitions, yet little is known about this relationship under Holocene boundary conditions. Here we present a synthesis of Holocene pollen data from the southwest Pacific mid-latitudes that tracks changes in the SWW. Comparison of our SWW paleoclimate records with data tracking the ITCZ, oceanic circulation, and insolation reveals clearly synchronous and in-phase ITCZ-SWW dynamics between 12 and 5 ka, indicating a tight coupling between the tropics and southern mid-latitudes in response to ocean circulation and insolation. An apparent decoupling of the SWW and ITCZ in the Pacific region after 5 ka is attributable to the overriding influence of the El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation (ENSO) over the proxy data.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G39705.110.1130/2017385},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geology/article-lookup?doi=10.1130/G39705.1},
	author = {Mariani, Michela and Fletcher, Michael-Shawn and Drysdale, Russell N. and Saunders, Krystyna M. and Heijnis, Henk and Jacobsen, Geraldine and Zawadzki, Atun}
}
@article {2746,
	title = {Determining rates of sediment accumulation on the Mekong shelf: Timescales, steady-state assumptions, and radiochemical tracers},
	journal = {Continental Shelf Research},
	volume = {147},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-09-2017},
	pages = {182 - 196},
	abstract = {Thirty-two kasten cores, collected from the proximal Mekong continental shelf, have been analyzed for their excess 210Pb distributions in an effort to establish rates of sediment accumulation over the past 100 years. The length of the cores varied from 0.5 to 3 m, and stations sampled topset, foreset, and bottomset beds (water depths 7{\textendash}21 m). Apparent excess 210Pb sediment accumulation rates ranged from > 10 cm/y (no down-core decrease of excess activity over 300 cm core length) near the Song Hau river mouth, to 1{\textendash}3 cm/y in topset and foreset beds within 20{\textendash}50 km of the river mouth, to rates as low as 0.4 cm/y in cores from bottomset beds. The 210Pb sediment accumulation rates yield an overall sediment burial rate of 6.1 {\texttimes} 1013 g/y for the proximal deltaic deposits, which corresponds to 43\% of the total modern Mekong sediment burial on the southern Vietnam shelf (1.4 {\texttimes} 1014 g/y; based on our 210Pb and seismic data and 210Pb data from the literature). This shelf burial rate is in reasonable agreement with current long-term estimates of Mekong River sediment discharge (1.3{\textendash}1.6 {\texttimes} 1014 g/y) from the literature. The inventory of excess 210Pb in the proximal Mekong deltaic deposits indicates that the shoreward flow of offshore water (entrained during river/ocean mixing) is approximately twice the flow of the Mekong freshwater discharge. Organic-carbon 14C ages were measured on 10 cores from the proximal Mekong delta and compared to 210Pb sediment accumulation rates in the same core. The 210Pb accumulation rates in all 10 cores were considered to be more robust and accurate than the 14C geochronologies, primarily because of down-core variations in the source of organic carbon deposited on the seafloor (old terrestrial carbon versus younger marine carbon). Variations in the source of organic carbon accumulating in the seabed were resolved by measuring the δ13C value of the seabed organic carbon.},
	keywords = {14C geochronology, 210Pb geochronology, Deltaic sediment accumulation rates, Mekong delta, Mekong sediment budget},
	issn = {02784343},
	doi = {10.1016/j.csr.2017.06.011},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434316306732},
	author = {DeMaster, D.J. and Liu, J.P. and Eidam, E. and Nittrouer, C.A. and Nguyen, T.T.}
}
@article {2778,
	title = {Divergent Evolution of Carbonaceous Aerosols during Dispersal of East Asian Haze},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-12-2017},
	abstract = {Wintertime East Asia is plagued by severe haze episodes, characterized by large contributions of carbonaceous aerosols. However, the sources and atmospheric transformations of these major components are poorly constrained, hindering development of efficient mitigation strategies and detailed modelling of effects. Here we present dual carbon isotope (δ13C and Δ14C) signatures for black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) aerosols collected in urban (Beijing and BC for Shanghai) and regional receptors (e.g., Korea Climate Observatory at Gosan) during January 2014. Fossil sources (>50\%) dominate BC at all sites with most stemming from coal combustion, except for Shanghai, where liquid fossil source is largest. During source-to-receptor transport, the δ13C fingerprint becomes enriched for WSOC but depleted for water-insoluble OC (WIOC). This reveals that the atmospheric processing of these two major pools are fundamentally different. The photochemical aging (e.g., photodissociation, photooxidation) during formation and transport can release CO2/CO or short-chain VOCs with lighter carbon, whereas the remaining WSOC becomes increasingly enriched in δ13C. On the other hand, several processes, e.g., secondary formation, rearrangement reaction in the particle phase, and photooxidation can influence WIOC. Taken together, this study highlights high fossil contributions for all carbonaceous aerosol sub-compartments in East Asia, and suggests different transformation pathways for different classes of carbonaceous aerosols.},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-10766-4},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-10766-4},
	author = {Fang, Wenzheng and Andersson, August and Zheng, Mei and Lee, Meehye and Holmstrand, Henry and Kim, Sang-Woo and Du, Ke and Gustafsson, {\"O}rjan}
}
@article {2477,
	title = {Greenhouse gas balance over thaw-freeze cycles in discontinuous zone permafrost},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {122},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-02-2017},
	pages = {387 - 404},
	abstract = {Peat in the discontinuous permafrost zone contains a globally significant reservoir of carbon that has undergone multiple permafrost-thaw cycles since the end of the mid-Holocene (~3700 years before present). Periods of thaw increase C decomposition rates which leads to the release of CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere creating potential climate feedback. To determine the magnitude and direction of such feedback, we measured CO2 and CH4 emissions and modeled C accumulation rates and radiative fluxes from measurements of two radioactive tracers with differing lifetimes to describe the C balance of the peatland over multiple permafrost-thaw cycles since the initiation of permafrost at the site. At thaw features, the balance between increased primary production and higher CH4 emission stimulated by warmer temperatures and wetter conditions favors C sequestration and enhanced peat accumulation. Flux measurements suggest that frozen plateaus may intermittently (order of years to decades) act as CO2 sources depending on temperature and net ecosystem respiration rates, but modeling results suggest that{\textemdash}despite brief periods of net C loss to the atmosphere at the initiation of thaw{\textemdash}integrated over millennia, these sites have acted as net C sinks via peat accumulation. In greenhouse gas terms, the transition from frozen permafrost to thawed wetland is accompanied by increasing CO2 uptake that is partially offset by increasing CH4 emissions. In the short-term (decadal time scale) the net effect of this transition is likely enhanced warming via increased radiative C emissions, while in the long-term (centuries) net C deposition provides a negative feedback to climate warming.},
	doi = {10.1002/jgrg.v122.210.1002/2016JG003600},
	url = {onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/2016JG003600/fullpdf},
	author = {Wilson, R. M. and Fitzhugh, L. and Whiting, G. J. and Frolking, S. and Harrison, M. D. and Dimova, N. and Burnett, W. C. and Chanton, J. P.}
}
@article {2450,
	title = {The Growth Stop Phenomenon Of Baobabs (Adansonia Spp.) Identified By Radiocarbon DatingAbstract},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {59504754164661},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-04-2017},
	pages = {435 - 448},
	abstract = {The article reports the growth stop phenomenon, which was documented only for baobabs, i.e. for trees belonging to the Adansonia genus. The identification of growth stop was enabled by radiocarbon dating, which allows a complex investigation of samples collected from the trunk/stems of baobabs. In several cases, the outermost rings of baobabs, which were close to the bark, were found to be old, with ages of several hundreds of years, instead of being very young. Dating results of samples collected from six baobabs are presented. For multistemmed baobabs, the growth stop may occur only for one or several stems. We identified four factors that may induce the growth stop: (i) stress determined by severe climate conditions, (ii) old age, (iii) the need to keep a stable internal architecture, and (iv) the collapse of stems that survive this trauma. Baobabs and their stems affected by growth stop may survive for several centuries, by continuing to produce leaves, flowers, and fruits. This phenomenon was associated with the capacity of baobabs to store large amounts of water in their trunks/stems in the rainy season. This reservoir of water is used during the dry season and allows the trees to survive prolonged drought periods.},
	keywords = {Age determination, AMS, growth stop, Radiocarbon dating, tropical trees},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2016.92},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822216000928/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033822216000928},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Woodborne, Stephan and von Reden, Karl F and Hall, Grant and Patrut, Roxana T and Rakosy, Laszlo and Danthu, Pascal and Pock-Tsy, Jean-Michel Leong and Lowy, Daniel A and Margineanu, Dragos}
}
@article {2765,
	title = {Hydrologic controls on seasonal and inter-annual variability of Congo River particulate organic matter source and reservoir age},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {466},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-09-2017},
	pages = {454 - 465},
	abstract = {We present dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, particulate organic matter (POM) composition (δ13C, δ15N, ∆14C, N/C), and particulate glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) distributions from a 34-month time-series near the mouth of the Congo River. An end-member mixing model using δ13C and N/C indicates that exported POM is consistently dominated by C3 rainforest soil sources, with increasing contribution from C3 vegetation and decreasing contribution from phytoplankton at high discharge. Large C4 inputs are never observed despite covering ≈ 13\% of the catchment. Low and variable ∆14C values during 2011 [annual mean = (- 148 {\textpm} 82) {\textperthousand}], when discharge from left-bank tributaries located in the southern hemisphere reached record lows, likely reflect a bias toward pre-aged POM derived from the Cuvette Congolaise swamp forest. In contrast, ∆14C values were stable near - 50{\textperthousand} between January and June 2013, when left-bank discharge was highest. We suggest that headwater POM is replaced and/or diluted by C3 vegetation and pre-aged soils during transit through the Cuvette Congolaise, whereas left-bank tributaries export significantly less pre-aged material. GDGT distributions provide further evidence for seasonal and inter-annual variability in soil provenance. The cyclization of branched tetraethers and the GDGT-0 to crenarchaeol ratio are positively correlated with discharge (r >= 0.70; p-value <= 4.3 {\texttimes} 10- 5) due to the incorporation of swamp-forest soils when discharge from right-bank tributaries located in the northern hemisphere is high. Both metrics reach record lows during 2013, supporting our interpretation of increased left-bank contribution at this time. We conclude that hydrologic variability is a major control of POM provenance in the Congo River Basin and that tropical wetlands can be a significant POM source despite their small geographic coverage.},
	keywords = {biomarkers, Congo River, GDGTs, Particulate organic matter, radiocarbon},
	issn = {00092541},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.06.034},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0009254117303935},
	author = {Hemingway, Jordon D. and Schefu{\ss}, Enno and Spencer, Robert G.M. and Dinga, Bienvenu Jean and Eglinton, Timothy I. and McIntyre, Cameron and Galy, Valier V.}
}
@article {2748,
	title = {Influence of the megathrust earthquake cycle on upper-plate deformation in the Cascadia forearc of Washington State, USA},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-11-2017},
	pages = {1051 - 1054},
	abstract = {The influence of subduction zone earthquake cycle processes on permanent forearc deformation is poorly understood. In the Cascadia subduction zone forearc of Washington State, USA, deformed and incised fluvial terraces serve as archives of longer-term (103{\textendash}104 yr) strain manifest as both fluvial incision and slip on upper-plate faults. We focus on comparing these geomorphic records in the Wynoochee River valley in the southern Olympic Mountains with short-term (101 yr) deformation driven by interseismic subduction zone coupling. We use optically stimulated luminescence dating and high-resolution elevation data to characterize strath terrace incision and differential uplift across the Canyon River fault, which cuts Wynoochee River terraces. This analysis demonstrates reverse slip rates of \~{}0.1{\textendash}0.3 mm/yr over the past \~{}12{\textendash}37 k.y., which agree with rates predicted by a GPS-constrained boundary element model of interseismic stress from Cascadia subduction zone coupling. Similarly, model-predicted patterns of interseismic uplift mimic the overall pattern of incision in the lower Wynoochee River valley, as revealed by strath elevations dated at 14.1 {\textpm} 1.2 ka. Agreement between modeled short-term and observed long-term records of forearc strain suggests that interseismic stress drives slip on upper-plate faults and fluvial incision in Cascadia. Consistency over multiple time scales may indicate relative stability in spatial patterns of subduction zone coupling over at least \~{}104 yr intervals.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G39070.110.1130/2017323},
	url = {https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/geology_facpub/523/},
	author = {Delano, Jaime E. and Amos, Colin B. and Loveless, John P. and Rittenour, Tammy M. and Sherrod, Brian L. and Lynch, Emerson M.}
}
@article {MilHomens2017473,
	title = {Insights of Pb isotopic signature into the historical evolution and sources of Pb contamination in a sediment core of the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {586},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {473 - 484},
	abstract = {Abstract Stable Pb isotopic ratios and concentrations of Al, Cu and Pb were measured in a 5 m long sediment core (VC2B) retrieved at 96 m water depth in the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf. Five phases during the last 9.5 kyrs were identified, two of them (Roman Period and modern mining) marked by a decrease of 206Pb/207Pb ratios reflecting additional inputs of Pb derived from mining activities. The Roman Period was also characterized by high 208Pb/206Pb ratios suggesting the exploitation of the outcropping portion of the orebody intensely weathered when compared with the other formations later mined. The shift of 208Pb/206Pb ratios towards linearity took approximately 1.0 kyrs, which may mirror the time of environmental recovery from the impact of Roman mining activities. The application of a mixing model allowed the quantification of the contribution associated with anthropogenic mining activities to the shelf sediments. The maximum values of Pb contamination occurred in the 20th century. This study gives direct evidence of Pb and Cu exploitation over the last 2000 years. The stable Pb isotopic signatures point to legacy of mining activities that are still the prevailing metal source recorded in the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf sediments.},
	keywords = {Environment recovery},
	issn = {0048-9697},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.204},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969717302218},
	author = {M{\'a}rio Mil-Homens and Carlos Vale and Pedro Brito and Filipa Naughton and Teresa Drago and Joana Raimundo and B{\'a}rbara Anes and Sabine Schmidt and Miguel Caetano}
}
@article {2449,
	title = {Insights of Pb isotopic signature into the historical evolution and sources of Pb contamination in a sediment core of the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {586},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-05-2017},
	pages = {473 - 484},
	abstract = {Stable Pb isotopic ratios and concentrations of Al, Cu and Pb were measured in a 5 m long sediment core (VC2B) retrieved at 96 m water depth in the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf. Five phases during the last 9.5 kyrs were identified, two of them (Roman Period and modern mining) marked by a decrease of Pb-206/Pb-207 ratios reflecting additional inputs of Pb derived from mining activities. The Roman Period was also characterized by high Pb-208/Pb-206 ratios suggesting the exploitation of the outcropping portion of the orebody intensely weathered when compared with the other formations later mined. The shift of Pb-208/Pb-206 ratios towards linearity took approximately 1.0 kyrs, which may mirror the time of environmental recovery from the impact of Roman mining activities. The application of a mixing model allowed the quantification of the contribution associated with anthropogenic mining activities to the shelf sediments. The maximum values of Pb contamination occurred in the 20th century. This study gives direct evidence of Pb and Cu exploitation over the last 2000 years. The stable Pb isotopic signatures point to legacy of mining activities that are still the prevailing metal source recorded in the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf sediments.},
	keywords = {Environment recovery, Marine sediments, Pb isotopes, Roman and modem mining activities, Southwestern Iberian shelf, Temporal evolution},
	issn = {0048-9697},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.204},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969717302218http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0048969717302218?httpAccept=text/plainhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0048969717302218?httpAccept=text/xml},
	author = {Mil-Homens, {\'a}rio and Vale, Carlos and Brito, Pedro and Naughton, Filipa and Drago, Teresa and Raimundo, Joana and Anes, {\'a}rbara and Schmidt, Sabine and Caetano, Miguel}
}
@article {2814,
	title = {Micromorphology of late Pleistocene and Holocene sediments and a new interpretation of the Holocene chronology at Anderson Pond, Tennessee, USAAbstract},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {87},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-01-2017},
	pages = {82 - 95},
	abstract = {Thin-section (micromorphological) analysis of samples from the upper 1.5 m of a core obtained in 2007 from Anderson Pond, Tennessee, reveals a coherent but discontinuous record of late Pleistocene and Holocene climate change that supports some interpretations from previous pollen and charcoal analyses but indicates a revised Holocene chronology for this classic pollen site. Legacy sediments recording anthropogenic disturbance compose the upper 65 cm of the core (<160 cal yr BP) and are characterized by mixed, darker-colored, and coarser-grained deposits containing reworked soil aggregates, which sharply overlie finer-grained and lighter-colored, rooted middle Holocene sediments interpreted as a paleosol. These mid-Holocene sediments (95{\textendash}65 cm; 7100{\textendash}5600 cal yr BP) record extensive warm-dry subaerial soil conditions during the middle Holocene thermal maximum, manifested by illuviated clay lining root pores, and also contain abundant charcoal. Late Pleistocene sediments (150{\textendash}95 cm), dark-colored and organic-rich, record open-water conditions and include siliceous aggregate grains at 143{\textendash}116 cm (14,300{\textendash}13,900 cal yr BP), recording intense fires. Thin sections are not commonly used in studies of paleoclimate from Quaternary lacustrine sediments, but we advocate for their inclusion in multianalytical approaches because they enhance resolution of depositional and pedogenic processes.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1017/qua.2016.6},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033589416000065/type/journal_article},
	author = {Driese, Steven G. and Horn, Sally P. and Ballard, Joanne P. and Boehm, Mathew S. and Li, Zhenghua}
}
@article {2865,
	title = {Open-File ReportOpen-File ReportDeepwater Program: Lophelia II, continuing ecological research on deep-sea corals and deep-reef habitats in the Gulf of Mexico},
	year = {2017},
	abstract = {The deep sea is a rich environment composed of diverse habitat types. While deep-sea coral habitats have been discovered within each ocean basin, knowledge about the ecology of these habitats and associated inhabitants continues to grow. This report presents information and results from the Lophelia II project that examined deep-sea coral habitats in the Gulf of Mexico. The Lophelia II project focused on Lophelia pertusa habitats along the continental slope, at depths ranging from 300 to 1,000 meters. The chapters are authored by several scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, University of North Carolina Wilmington, and Florida State University who examined the community ecology (from microbes to fishes), deep-sea coral age, growth, and reproduction, and population connectivity of deep-sea corals and inhabitants. Data from these studies are presented in the chapters and appendixes of the report as well as in journal publications. This study was conducted by the Ecosystems Mission Area of the U.S. Geological Survey to meet information needs identified by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management.},
	doi = {10.3133/ofr20171139},
	url = {http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20171139},
	author = {Demopoulos, Amanda W.J. and Ross, Steve W. and Kellogg, Christina A. and Morrison, Cheryl L. and Nizinski, Martha S. and Prouty, Nancy G. and Bourque, Jill R. and Galkiewicz, Julie P. and Gray, Michael A. and Springmann, Marcus J. and Coykendall, D. Katharine and Miller, Andrew and Rhode, Mike and Quattrini, Andrea and Ames, Cheryl L. and Brooke, Sandra D. and McClain-Counts, Jennifer P. and Roark, E. Brendan and Buster, Noreen A. and Phillips, Ryan M. and Frometa, Janessy}
}
@article {2880,
	title = {The perfect storm: climate change and ancient Maya response in the Puuc Hills region of Yucat{\'a}nAbstract},
	journal = {Antiquity},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-04-2017},
	pages = {490 - 509},
	abstract = {Climatic fluctuation is often cited as a major factor in the collapse of Maya civilisation during the Terminal Classic Period (e.g. Luzzadder-Beach et al. 2016). Evidence of how people dealt or failed to deal with it has only recently become a more widespread focus for archaeologists. Investigations at Xcoch in the Puuc Hills show the various ways in which resident populations sought to manage water stores when faced with a climate prone to drought and other meteorological extremes. The study also presents results from the analysis of nearby speleothem laminae, which indicate that severe episodes of flooding and droughts may have contributed to a collapse in the population around AD 850.},
	keywords = {drought, flooding, Maya, M{\'e}xico, speleothem, Xcoch, Yucat{\'a}n},
	issn = {0003-598X},
	doi = {10.15184/aqy.2016.266},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003598X16002660/type/journal_article},
	author = {Smyth, Michael P. and Dunning, Nicholas P. and Weaver, Eric M. and van Beynen, Philip and Zapata, David Orteg{\'o}n}
}
@article {Zhao201730,
	title = {Pleistocene iceberg dynamics on the west Svalbard margin: Evidence from bathymetric and sub-bottom profiler data},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {161},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {30 - 44},
	abstract = {Abstract Large icebergs leave evidence of their drift via ploughing of the seabed, thereby providing a geological record of episodes of calving from thick ice sheets. We interpret large-scale curvilinear depressions on the western Svalbard margin as ploughmarks produced by the keels of icebergs that grounded on the seafloor as they drifted through this area. Iceberg ploughmarks were identified at modern water depths between 300~m and 1000~m and in two distinct stratigraphic units. Combining data from sediment cores with seismic stratigraphy from sub-bottom profiler data suggests that the ploughmarks developed in two phases: (1) during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6; and (2) during \{MIS\} 2, indicating the presence of large drifting icebergs on the western Svalbard margin during both the Late Saalian and Late Weichselian glaciations. Sediment-core data along the western Svalbard margin indicate a sharp increase in mass-transported sediments dated at 23.7~{\textpm}~0.2 ka, consistent with the \{MIS\} 2 age of the younger iceberg-ploughed surface. The ploughmarks are oriented in two main directions: SW-NE and S-N. S-N oriented ploughmarks, which shallow to the north, indicate iceberg drift from the south with a SW{\textendash}NE component marking the zone of splitting of the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) into the Yermak Slope Current (YSC) and North Spitsbergen Current (NSC). Large \{MIS\} 6 and \{MIS\} 2 icebergs most likely had an Arctic Ocean source. We suggest that these icebergs probably left the Arctic Ocean southward through Fram Strait and circulated within the Norwegian-Greenland Sea before being transported northwards along the Svalbard margin by the WSC. An additional likely source of icebergs to the western Svalbard margin during \{MIS\} 2 was the ice-sheet terminating in the western Barents Sea, from which icebergs drifted northward.},
	keywords = {Pleistocene},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.019},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379117300860},
	author = {Fang Zhao and Timothy A. Minshull and Anya J. Crocker and Julian A. Dowdeswell and Shiguo Wu and Simon M. Soryal}
}
@book {2837,
	title = {Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery ProgramExpedition 357 methods},
	year = {2017},
	publisher = {International Ocean Discovery Program},
	organization = {International Ocean Discovery Program},
	doi = {10.14379/iodp.proc.357.102.2017},
	url = {http://publications.iodp.org/proceedings/357/357title.html},
	author = {Fr{\"u}h-Green, G.L. and Orcutt, B.N. and Green, S.L. and Cotterill, C. and Morgan, S. and Akizawa, N. and Bayrakci, G. and Behrmann, J.-H. and Boschi, C. and Brazleton, W.J. and Cannat, M. and Dunkel, K.G. and Escartin, J. and Harris, M. and Herrero-Bervera, E. and Hesse, K. and John, B.E. and Lang, S.Q. and Lilley, M.D. and Liu, H.-Q. and Mayhew, L.E. and McCaig, A.M. and Menez, B. and Morono, Y. and Qu{\'e}m{\'e}neur, M. and Roum{\'e}jon, S. and Sandaruwan Ratnayake, A. and Schrenk, M.O. and Schwarzenbach, E.M. and Twing, K.I. and Weis, D. and Whattham, S.A. and Williams, M. and Zhao, R.},
	editor = {Fr{\"u}h-Green, G.L. and Orcutt, B.N. and Green, S.L. and Cotterill, C.}
}
@article {2867,
	title = {Seasonal variability in the source and composition of particulate matter in the depositional zone of Baltimore Canyon, U.S. Mid-Atlantic Bight},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-09-2017},
	pages = {77 - 89},
	abstract = {Submarine canyons are often hotspots of biomass due to enhanced productivity and funneling of organic matter of marine and terrestrial origin. However, most deep-sea canyons remain poorly studied in terms of their role as conduits of terrestrial and marine particles. A multi-tracer geochemical investigation of particles collected yearlong by a sediment trap in Baltimore Canyon on the US Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) revealed temporal variability in source, transport, and fate of particulate matter. Both organic biomarker composition (sterol and n-alkanes) and bulk characteristics (δ13C, Δ14C, Chl-a) suggest that while on average the annual contribution of terrestrial and marine organic matter sources are similar, 42\% and 52\% respectively, marine sources dominate. Elevated Chlorophyll-a and sterol concentrations during the spring sampling period highlight a seasonal influx of relatively fresh phytodetritus. In addition, the contemporaneous increase in the particle reactive micronutrients cadmium (Cd) and molybdenum (Mo) in the spring suggest increased scavenging, aggregation, and sinking of phytodetrital biomass in response to enhanced surface production within the nutricline. While tidally driven currents within the canyon resuspend sediment between 200 and 600 m, resulting in the formation of a nepheloid layer rich in lithogenic material, near-bed sediment remobilization in the canyon depositional zone was minimal. Instead, vertical transport and lateral transport across the continental margin were the dominant processes driving seasonal input of particulate matter. In turn, seasonal variability in deposited particulate organic matter is likely linked to benthic faunal composition and ecosystem scale carbon cycling.},
	keywords = {Deep-sea ecosystems, Geochemical analyses, organic matter, sediment trap, Submarine canyons},
	issn = {09670637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2017.08.004},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0967063717300602},
	author = {Prouty, N.G. and Mienis, F. and Campbell-Swarzenski, P. and Roark, E.B. and Davies, A.J. and Robertson, C.M. and Duineveld, G. and Ross, S.W. and Rhode, M. and Demopoulos, A.W.J.}
}
@article {2889,
	title = {Sedimentary record from the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean: implications for late to middle Pleistocene glacial history},
	journal = {Climate of the Past},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-01-2017},
	pages = {511 - 531},
	abstract = {ediment core ARC4-BN05 collected from the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean, covers the late to middle Quaternary (Marine Isotope Stage {\textendash} MIS {\textendash} 1{\textendash}15, ca. 0.5{\textendash}0.6 Ma) as estimated by correlation to earlier proposed Arctic Ocean stratigraphies and AMS14C dating of the youngest sediments. Detailed examination of clay and bulk mineralogy along with grain size, content of Ca and Mn, and planktic foraminiferal numbers in core ARC4{\textendash}BN05 provides important new information about sedimentary environments and provenance. We use increased contents of coarse debris as an indicator of glacier collapse events at the margins of the western Arctic Ocean, and identify the provenance of these events from mineralogical composition. Notably, peaks of dolomite debris, including large dropstones, track the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) discharge events to the Arctic Ocean. Major LIS inputs occurred during the stratigraphic intervals estimated as MIS 3, intra-MIS 5 and 7 events, MIS 8, and MIS 10. Inputs from the East Siberian Ice Sheet (ESIS) are inferred from peaks of smectite, kaolinite, and chlorite associated with coarse sediment. Major ESIS sedimentary events occurred in the intervals estimated as MIS 4, MIS 6 and MIS 12. Differences in LIS vs. ESIS inputs can be explained by ice-sheet configurations at different sea levels, sediment delivery mechanisms (iceberg rafting, suspension plumes, and debris flows), and surface circulation. A long-term change in the pattern of sediment inputs, with an apparent step change near the estimated MIS 7{\textendash}8 boundary (ca. 0.25 Ma), presumably indicates an overall glacial expansion at the western Arctic margins, especially in North America.},
	doi = {10.5194/cp-13-511-2017},
	url = {https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/13/511/2017/},
	author = {Dong, Linsen and Liu, Yanguang and Shi, Xuefa and Polyak, Leonid and Huang, Yuanhui and Fang, Xisheng and Liu, Jianxing and Zou, Jianjun and Wang, Kunshan and Sun, Fuqiang and Wang, Xuchen}
}
@article {2467,
	title = {Siberian Arctic black carbon sources constrained by model and observation},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {114},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Feb-02-2018},
	pages = {E1054 - E1061},
	abstract = {Black carbon (BC) in haze and deposited on snow and ice can have strong effects on the radiative balance of the Arctic. There is a geographic bias in Arctic BC studies toward the Atlantic sector, with lack of observational constraints for the extensive Russian Siberian Arctic, spanning nearly half of the circum-Arctic. Here, 2 y of observations at Tiksi (East Siberian Arctic) establish a strong seasonality in both BC concentrations (8 ng.m-3 to 302 ng.m-3) and dual-isotope{\textendash}constrained sources (19 to 73\% contribution from biomass burning). Comparisons between observations and a dispersion model, coupled to an anthropogenic emissions inventory and a fire emissions inventory, give mixed results. In the European Arctic, this model has proven to simulate BC concentrations and source contributions well. However, the model is less successful in reproducing BC concentrations and sources for the Russian Arctic. Using a Bayesian approach, we show that, in contrast to earlier studies, contributions from gas flaring (6\%), power plants (9\%), and open fires (12\%) are relatively small, with the major sources instead being domestic (35\%) and transport (38\%). The observation-based evaluation of reported emissions identifies errors in spatial allocation of BC sources in the inventory and highlights the importance of improving emission distribution and source attribution, to develop reliable mitigation strategies for efficient reduction of BC impact on the Russian Arctic, one of the fastest-warming regions on Earth.},
	keywords = {Arctic haze, atmospheric transport modeling, carbon isotopes, Climate change, emission inventory},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1613401114},
	url = {http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.1613401114https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1073/pnas.1613401114http://www.pnas.org/syndication/doi/10.1073/pnas.1613401114},
	author = {Winiger, Patrik and Andersson, August and Eckhardt, Sabine and Stohl, Andreas and Semiletov, Igor P. and Dudarev, Oleg V. and Charkin, Alexander and Shakhova, Natalia and Klimont, Zbigniew and Heyes, Chris and Gustafsson, {\"O}rjan}
}
@article {2768,
	title = {Subduction zone slip variability during the last millennium, south-central Chile},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {175},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-11-2017},
	pages = {112 - 137},
	abstract = {The Arauco Peninsula (37{\textdegree}-38{\textdegree}S) in south-central Chile has been proposed as a possible barrier to the along-strike propagation of megathrust ruptures, separating historical earthquakes to the south (1960 AD 1837, 1737, and 1575) and north (2010 AD, 1835, 1751, 1657, and 1570) of the peninsula. However, the 2010 (Mw 8.8) earthquake propagated into the Arauco Peninsula, re-rupturing part of the megathrust that had ruptured only 50 years earlier during the largest subduction zone earthquake in the instrumental record (Mw 9.5). To better understand long-term slip variability in the Arauco Peninsula region, we analyzed four coastal sedimentary sections from two sites (Tir{\'u}a, 38.3{\textdegree}S and Quidico, 38.1{\textdegree}S) located within the overlap of the 2010 and 1960 ruptures to reconstruct a \~{}600-year record of coseismic land-level change and tsunami inundation. Stratigraphic, lithologic, and diatom results show variable coseismic land-level change coincident with tsunami inundation of the Tir{\'u}a and Quidico marshes that is consistent with regional historical accounts of coseismic subsidence during earthquakes along the Valdivia portion of the subduction zone (1960 AD and 1575) and coseismic uplift during earthquakes along the Maule portion of the subduction zone (2010 AD, 1835, 1751). In addition, we document variable coseismic land-level change associated with three new prehistoric earthquakes and accompanying tsunamis in 1470{\textendash}1570 AD, 1425{\textendash}1455, and 270{\textendash}410. The mixed record of coseismic subsidence and uplift that we document illustrates the variability of down-dip and lateral slip distribution at the overlap of the 2010 and 1960 ruptures, showing that ruptures have repeatedly propagated into, but not through the Arauco Peninsula and suggesting the area has persisted as a long-term impediment to slip through at least seven of the last megathrust earthquakes (\~{}600 years).},
	keywords = {Coastal hazards, Coastal paleoseismology, Diatom paleoecology, Prehistoric earthquakes, Subduction zone segmentation, Tsunami Deposits},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.08.023},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379117303505},
	author = {Dura, Tina and Horton, Benjamin P. and Cisternas, Marco and Ely, Lisa L. and Hong, Isabel and Nelson, Alan R. and Wesson, Robert L. and Pilarczyk, Jessica E. and Parnell, Andrew C. and Nikitina, Daria}
}
@article {2750,
	title = {Sub-ice shelf sediment geochronology utilizing novel radiocarbon methodology for highly detrital sediments},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-04-2017},
	pages = {1404 - 1418},
	abstract = {Sub-ice shelf sediments near Larsen C ice shelf (LIS-C) show fine-scale rhythmic laminations that could provide a near-continuous seasonal-resolution record of regional ice mass changes. Despite the great potential of these sediments, a dependable Late Quaternary chronology is difficult to generate, rendering the record incomplete. As with many marginal Antarctic sediments, in the absence of preserved carbonate microfossils, the reliability of radiocarbon chronologies depends on presence of high proportions of autochthonous organic carbon with minimized detrital organic carbon. Consequently, acid insoluble organic (AIO) 14C dating works best where high productivity drives high sediment accumulation rates, but can be problematic in condensed sequences with high proportions of detrital organic carbon. Ramped PyrOx 14C dating has progressively been shown to improve upon AIO 14C dates, to the point of matching foraminiferal carbonate 14C dates, through differential thermochemical degradation of organic components within samples. But in highly detrital sediments, proportions of contemporaneously deposited material are too low to fully separate autochthonous organic carbon from detrital carbon in samples large enough to 14C date. We introduce two modifications of the Ramped PyrOx 14C approach applied to highly detrital sediments near LIS-C to maximize accuracy by utilizing ultra-small fractions of the highly detrital AIO material. With minimization of the uncertainty cost, these techniques allow us to generate chronologies for cores that would otherwise go undated, pushing the limits of radiocarbon dating to regions and facies with high proportions of pre-aged detritus. Wider use of these techniques will enable more coordinated a priori coring efforts to constrain regional glacial responses to rapid warming where sediments had previously been thought too difficult to date.},
	doi = {10.1002/2016GC006578},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016GC006578},
	author = {Subt, C. and Yoon, H. I. and Yoo, K. C. and Lee, J. I. and Leventer, A. and Domack, E. W. and Rosenheim, B. E.}
}
@article {2894,
	title = {A Terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene Environmental Record and Fluted Point from Twain Harte, California},
	journal = {PaleoAmerica},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Mar-07-2017},
	pages = {260 - 275},
	abstract = {Although more than 500 Clovis points have been found at no fewer than 60 locations in California, the age of these points remains problematic. Here we report stratified deposits more than 3 meters deep at a site in the central Sierra Nevada from which a Clovis point was recovered in 1969. Five radiocarbon (14C) dates provide temporal control for terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene strata at the site, including the sediments in which the point reposed. We also report the analysis of pollen samples from these strata. Our research indicates that the Clovis point most likely dates to \~{}11,900{\textendash}11,400 cal yr BP. We interpret this, in the context of other fluted-point discoveries, to mean that Clovis lithic technology evidently persisted longer in the Far West than it did elsewhere in the U.S.},
	keywords = {California prehistory, Clovis chronology, Geomorphology, palynology, terminal Pleistocene/early Holocene},
	issn = {2055-5563},
	doi = {10.1080/20555563.2017.1328959},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20555563.2017.1328959},
	author = {Moratto, Michael J. and Davis, Owen K. and Davis-King, Shelly and Meyer, Jack and Rosenthal, Jeffrey and Sylwester, Laurie}
}
@article {2828,
	title = {The tropical lapse rate steepened during the Last Glacial Maximum},
	journal = {Science Advances},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Mar-01-2019},
	pages = {e1600815},
	abstract = {The gradient of air temperature with elevation (the temperature lapse rate) in the tropics is predicted to become less steep during the coming century as surface temperature rises, enhancing the threat of warming in high-mountain environments. However, the sensitivity of the lapse rate to climate change is uncertain because of poor constraints on high-elevation temperature during past climate states. We present a 25,000-year temperature reconstruction from Mount Kenya, East Africa, which demonstrates that cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum was amplified with elevation and hence that the lapse rate was significantly steeper than today. Comparison of our data with paleoclimate simulations indicates that state-of-the-art models underestimate this lapse-rate change. Consequently, future high-elevation tropical warming may be even greater than predicted.},
	doi = {10.1126/sciadv.1600815},
	url = {https://advances.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/sciadv.1600815},
	author = {Loomis, Shannon E. and Russell, James M. and Verschuren, Dirk and Morrill, Carrie and De Cort, Gijs and Sinninghe Damst{\'e}, Jaap S. and Olago, Daniel and Eggermont, Hilde and Street-Perrott, F. Alayne and Kelly, Meredith A.}
}
@article {Quintela2016123,
	title = {The AD 1755 tsunami deposits onshore and offshore of Algarve (south Portugal): Sediment transport interpretations based on the study of Foraminifera assemblages},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {408, Part A},
	year = {2016},
	note = {QuicklakeH Special Issue: Rapidly changing large lakes and human response},
	pages = {123 - 138},
	abstract = {Abstract Tsunamis are amongst the most catastrophic natural hazards affecting worldwide coastal areas. Their impacts are recorded in the geological archives and its study provides crucial insights into the dynamics and intensity of these events. The accurate establishment of return periods can also be derived using sedimentological data. Onshore tsunami deposits have been extensively described over recent years through the application of a wide range of sedimentological proxies, including micropalaeontological analysis. In this work, the identification of palaeotsunami evidence, in both the onshore and offshore sedimentary record of south Portugal, was performed, relying mostly on the study of Foraminifera assemblages. Three onshore trenches and one offshore core were analyzed and imprints of the \{AD\} 1755 tsunami were observed based in the identification of allochthonous foraminiferal species, increase in the number of broken/abraded tests and its correlation with coarser mean grain size. This was possible after micropalaeontological environmental characterization of both low-energy onshore and offshore present-day sedimentation regimes. In the onshore record, three distinct sediment transport phases were differentiated within the tsunamigenic unit. The basal phase portraying the initial inundation represented by the dominance of marine Foraminifera species in a highly diverse assemblage. The higher energetic character of this phase was also reflected in the identification of the highest number of broken/abraded tests. The intermediate phase reflects an unspecified number of inundation and backwash pulses that were recognized based in the well-balanced presence of estuarine (brackish) and marine species, the sharp decrease in the diversity index and in the number of broken/abraded tests. The final phase recorded in the tsunamigenic unit registers the imprint of the last relevant backwash which was identified based on the dominance of estuarine (brackish) fauna. The overlying unit is dominated by tidal marsh species, demonstrating the start of the coastal system recovery phase. In the offshore record, it was possible to identify 2 distinct historical tsunami events (AD 1755 and \{AD\} 1969). This was achieved through the identification of significant increases in coastal Foraminifera species coupled with the presence of coarser layers. This interpretation was sustained by indirect age-estimation methods (radiocarbon and 210Pb) that ascribed compatible ages to the historical tsunami events. The results obtained in this study stress the relevance and innovative character of this onshore and offshore multiproxy approach in the recognition and understanding of tsunami events.},
	keywords = {Portugal},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.12.029},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618215014159},
	author = {Maria Quintela and Pedro J.M. Costa and Francisco Fatela and Teresa Drago and Natalia Hoska and C{\'e}sar Andrade and Maria C. Freitas}
}
@article {2576,
	title = {Age and growth of bluespine unicornfish (Naso unicornis): a half-century life-span for a keystone browser, with a novel approach to bomb radiocarbon dating in the Hawaiian Islands},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-10-2016},
	pages = {1575 - 1586},
	abstract = {Bluespine unicornfish (Naso unicornis) from Hawaii were aged to >50 years using cross-sectioned sagittal otoliths. Fish length was a poor indicator of age because of rapid and variable early growth, exemplified by fish aged to be 4 years near maximum length. Growth was deterministic with adult ages decoupled from body length. Otolith mass and thickness were evaluated as proxies for age and both were encouraging; thickness explained more variance but mass was easier to measure. An age estimation protocol was validated through ontogeny using bomb radiocarbon (14C) dating. Use of the postbomb 14C decline period from a regional reference chronology enabled age validation of young fish {\textemdash} a novel approach for the Pacific Ocean. A probabilistic procedure for assigning bomb 14C dates (CALIBomb) was used for the first time to determine fish birth years. The age-reading protocol was generally validated, and it was possible to describe length-at-age despite difficulties in counting otolith annuli beyond 30{\textendash}40 years. Growth curves differed between the sexes, and a four-parameter generalized von Bertalanffy growth function provided the best fit.},
	issn = {0706-652X},
	doi = {10.1139/cjfas-2016-0019},
	url = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0019},
	author = {Andrews, A.H. and DeMartini, Edward E. and Eble, Jeff A. and Taylor, Brett M. and Lou, Dong Chun and Humphreys, Robert L.}
}
@article {2539,
	title = {Age of the Mt.~Ortles ice cores, the Tyrolean Iceman and glaciation of the highest summit of South Tyrol since the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-01-2016},
	pages = {2779 - 2797},
	abstract = {In  2011  four  ice  cores  were  extracted  from  the summit of Alto dell{\textquoteright}Ortles (3859 m), the highest glacier of South  Tyrol  in  the  Italian  Alps.  This  drilling  site  is  located only 37 km southwest from where the Tyrolean Iceman, \~{}5.3 kyrs old, was discovered emerging from the ablating ice field of Tisenjoch (3210 m, near the Italian{\textendash}Austrian border) in 1991. The excellent preservation of this mummy suggested that the Tyrolean Iceman was continuously embedded in prehistoric ice and that additional ancient ice was likely
preserved elsewhere in South Tyrol. Dating of the ice cores from Alto dell{\textquoteright}Ortles based on 210Pb, tritium, beta activity and 14C determinations, combined with an empirical model (COPRA), provides evidence for a chronologically ordered ice  stratigraphy  from  the  modern  glacier  surface  down  to the  bottom  ice  layers  with  an  age  of \~{}7 kyrs,  which  confirms  the  hypothesis.  Our  results  indicate  that  the  drilling site has continuously been glaciated on frozen bedrock since \~{}7 kyrs BP. Absence of older ice on the highest glacier of South Tyrol is consistent with the removal of basal ice from bedrock during the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum (6{\textendash}9 kyrs BP),  the  warmest  interval  in  the  European  Alps during the Holocene. Borehole inclinometric measurements of  the  current  glacier  flow  combined  with  surface  ground penetration radar (GPR) measurements indicate that, due to the sustained atmospheric warming since the 1980s, an acceleration of the glacier Alto dell{\textquoteright}Ortles flow has just recently begun.  Given  the  stratigraphic chronological  continuity  of the Mt. Ortles cores over millennia, it can be argued that this behaviour has been unprecedented at this location since the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum.},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-10-2779-2016},
	url = {http://www.the-cryosphere.net/10/2779/2016/tc-10-2779-2016.pdf},
	author = {Gabrielli, Paolo and Barbante, Carlo and Bertagna, Giuliano and {\'o}, Michele and Binder, Daniel and Carton, Alberto and Carturan, Luca and Cazorzi, Federico and Cozzi, Giulio and Dalla Fontana, Giancarlo and Davis, Mary and De Blasi, Fabrizio and Dinale, Roberto and {\`a}, Gianfranco and Dreossi, Giuliano and Festi, Daniela and Frezzotti, Massimo and Gabrieli, Jacopo and Galos, Stephan P. and Ginot, Patrick and Heidenwolf, Petra and Jenk, Theo M. and Kehrwald, Natalie and Kenny, Donald and Magand, Olivier and Mair, Volkmar and Mikhalenko, Vladimir and Lin, Ping Nan and Oeggl, Klaus and Piffer, Gianni and Rinaldi, Mirko and Schotterer, Ulrich and Schwikowski, Margit and Seppi, Roberto and Spolaor, Andrea and Stenni, Barbara and Tonidandel, David and Uglietti, Chiara and Zagorodnov, Victor and Zanoner, Thomas and Zennaro, Piero}
}
@article {1094,
	title = {AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Large Za Baobabs (Adansonia za) of Madagascar.},
	journal = {PLoS One},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016},
	pages = {e0146977},
	abstract = {<p>The article reports the radiocarbon investigation of Anzapalivoro, the largest za baobab (Adansonia za) specimen of Madagascar and of another za, namely the Big cistern baobab. Several wood samples collected from the large inner cavity and from the outer part/exterior of the tree were investigated by AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon dating. For samples collected from the cavity walls, the age values increase with the distance into the wood up to a point of maximum age, after which the values decrease toward the outer part. This anomaly of age sequences indicates that the inner cavity of Anzapalivoro is a false cavity, practically an empty space between several fused stems disposed in a ring-shaped structure. The radiocarbon date of the oldest sample was 780 {\textpm} 30 bp, which corresponds to a calibrated age of around 735 yr. Dating results indicate that Anzapalivoro has a closed ring-shaped structure, which consists of 5 fused stems that close a false cavity. The oldest part of the biggest za baobab has a calculated age of 900 years. We also disclose results of the investigation of a second za baobab, the Big cistern baobab, which was hollowed out for water storage. This specimen, which consists of 4 fused stems, was found to be around 260 years old.</p>},
	keywords = {Adansonia, Calibration, Ecology, Forests, Geography, Madagascar, Mass Spectrometry, Radiometric Dating, Time Factors, Trees, Wood},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0146977},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Patrut, Roxana T and Danthu, Pascal and Leong Pock-Tsy, Jean-Michel and Rakosy, Laszlo and Lowy, Daniel A and von Reden, Karl F}
}
@article {1280,
	title = {Arctic Deltaic Lake Sediments As Recorders of Fluvial Organic Matter Deposition},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016},
	pages = {77},
	abstract = {Arctic deltas are dynamic and vulnerable regions that play a key role in land-ocean interactions and the global carbon cycle. Delta lakes may provide valuable historical records of the quality and quantity of fluvial fluxes, parameters that are challenging to investigate in these remote regions. Here we study lakes from across the Mackenzie Delta, Arctic Canada, that receive fluvial sediments from the Mackenzie River when spring flood water levels rise above natural levees. We compare downcore lake sediments with suspended sediments collected during the spring flood, using bulk (\% organic carbon, \% total nitrogen, 13C, 14C) and molecular organic geochemistry (lignin, leaf waxes). High-resolution age models (137Cs, 210Pb) of downcore lake sediment records (n=11) along with lamina counting on high-resolution radiographs show sediment deposition frequencies ranging between annually to every 15 years. Down-core geochemical variability in a representative delta lake sediment core is consistent with historical variability in spring flood hydrology (variability in peak discharge, ice jamming, peak water levels). Comparison with earlier published Mackenzie River depth profiles shows that (i) lake sediments reflect the riverine surface suspended load, and (ii) hydrodynamic sorting patterns related to spring flood characteristics are reflected in the lake sediments. Bulk and molecular geochemistry of suspended particulate matter from the spring flood peak and lake sediments are relatively similar showing a mixture of modern higher-plant derived material, older terrestrial permafrost material, and old rock-derived material. This suggests that deltaic lake sedimentary records hold great promise as recorders of past (century-scale) riverine fluxes and may prove instrumental in shedding light on past behaviour of arctic rivers, as well as how they respond to a changing climate.},
	isbn = {2296-6463},
	doi = {10.3389/feart.2016.00077},
	url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2016.00077},
	author = {Vonk, Jorien E. and Dickens, Angela F. and Giosan, Liviu and Hussain, Zainab A. and Kim, Bokyung and Zipper, Samuel C. and Holmes, Robert M. and Montlu{\c c}on, Daniel B. and Galy, Valier and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {2578,
	title = {Bomb Radiocarbon and the Hawaiian Archipelago: Coral, Otoliths, and SeawaterAbstract},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-09-2016},
	pages = {531 - 548},
	abstract = {Corals of the Hawaiian Archipelago are well situated in the North Pacific Gyre (NPG) to record how bomb-produced radiocarbon has been sequestered and transported by the sea. While this signal can be traced accurately through time in reef-building corals and used to infer oceanographic processes and determine the ages of marine organisms, a comprehensive and validated record has been lacking for the Hawaiian Archipelago. In this study, a coral core from Kure Atoll in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands was used to create a high-resolution bomb 14C record for the years 1939{\textendash}2002, and was then used with other 14C measurements in fish otoliths and seawater to explore differences and similarities in the bomb 14C signal throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago. The Kure Atoll sample series produced a well-defined bomb 14C curve that, with some exceptions, was similar to other coral 14C records from the Hawaiian Archipelago. Subtle differences in the coral 14C records across the region may be explained by the large-scale ocean circulation patterns and decadal cycles of the NPG. The most rapid increase of 14C, in the 1950s and 1960s, showed similar timing across the Hawaiian Archipelago and provides a robust basis for use of bomb 14C dating to obtain high-precision age determinations of marine organisms. Reference otoliths of juvenile fish demonstrated the use of the post-peak 14C decline period as a viable reference in the age validation of younger and more recently collected fishes, and effectively extended the utility of bomb 14C dating to the latest 30 yr.},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2016.32},
	url = {dx.doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2016.32},
	author = {Andrews, Allen H and Siciliano, Daria and Potts, Donald C and DeMartini, Edward E and Covarrubias, Stephannie}
}
@article {2552,
	title = {Complex coastal change in response to autogenic basin infilling: An example from a sub-tropical Holocene strandplain},
	journal = {Sedimentology},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-10-2016},
	pages = {1362 - 1395},
	abstract = {Thick bay-fill sequences that often culminate in strandplain development serve as important sedimentary archives of land{\textendash}ocean interaction, although distinguishing between internal and external forcings is an ongoing challenge. This study employs sediment cores, ground-penetrating radar surveys, radiocarbon dates, palaeogeographic reconstructions and hydrodynamic modelling to explore the role of autogenic processes {\textendash} notably a reduction in wave energy in response to coastal embayment infilling {\textendash} in coastal evolution and shoreline morphodynamics. Following a regional 2 to 4 m highstand at ca 5{\textperiodcentered}8 ka, the 75 km2 Tijucas Strandplain in southern Brazil built from fluvial sediments deposited into a semi-enclosed bay. Holocene regressive deposits are underlain by fluvial sands and a Pleistocene transgressive{\textendash}regressive sequence, and backed by a highstand barrier-island. The strandplain is immediately underlain by 5 to 16 m of seaward-thickening, fluvially derived, Holocene-age, basin-fill mud. Several trends are observed from the landward (oldest) to the seaward (youngest) sections of the strandplain: (i) the upper shoreface and foreshore become finer and thinner and shift from sand-dominated to mud-dominated; (ii) beachface slopes decrease from >11{\textdegree} to ca 7{\textdegree}; and (iii) progradation rates increase from 0{\textperiodcentered}4 to 1{\textperiodcentered}8 m yr-1. Hydrodynamic modelling demonstrates a correlation between progressive shoaling of Tijucas Bay driven by sea-level fall and sediment infilling and a decrease in onshore wave-energy transport from 18 to 4 kW m-1. The combination of allogenic (sediment supply, falling relative sea-level and geology) and autogenic (decrease in wave energy due to bay shoaling) processes drove the development of a regressive system with characteristics that are rare, if not unique, in the Holocene and rock records. These findings demonstrate the complexities in architecture styles of highstand and regressive systems tracts. Furthermore, this article highlights the diverse internal and external processes and feedbacks responsible for the development of these intricate marginal marine sedimentary systems.},
	doi = {10.1111/sed.12265},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/sed.12265},
	author = {Hein, Christopher J. and FitzGerald, Duncan M. and de Souza, Luis H. P. and Georgiou, Ioannis Y. and Buynevich, Ilya V. and Klein, Antonio H. da F. and de Menezes, {\~a}o Thadeu and Cleary, William J. and Scolaro, Thelma L.},
	editor = {Mohrig, David}
}
@article {Septama2016447,
	title = {Conduits, timing and processes of sediment delivery across a high-relief continental margin: Continental shelf to basin in Late Quaternary, Gulf of Papua},
	journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},
	volume = {72},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {447 - 462},
	abstract = {Abstract The Gulf of Papua (GoP), between Australia and Papua New Guinea, is the receiving basin for multiple substantial rivers draining southern Papua New Guinea with collective sediment discharge \&gt;\&gt; 220 million metric tons (Mt) per year, comparable to a continental-scale river, but draining a combined catchment area of only \~{}160,000~km2. This study of the deepest marginal basins in the Gulf of Papua was undertaken to build a regional late Quaternary lithofacies and stratigraphic framework to better understand processes, timing, and conduits of sediment delivery from terrestrial and shelf settings to deep marginal basins, using the GoP as a natural laboratory. Methods include observations of sediment-core stratigraphy and physical properties, accelerometer mass spectrometry (AMS) C-14 dates, core x-radiographs and thin sections. Six lithofacies across the deep water Gulf of Papua (GoP) are identified based on core visual and textural observation. Chronological constraints permit an assessment of changes in sediment supply and depositional environments across time and space, from marine isotope stage (MIS) -3 to -1, or in the last 40~cal ka. The sediment delivery to the deep water GoP is dominated by two mechanisms, gravity-driven flows down slopes and into deep sea basin primarily during lowstands in the western portions of the study area, and hemipelagic sediment accumulation during transgression and highstand. Although the sediment flux appears to be overall dominated by sediment-gravity flows, hemipelagic sediment delivery is widespread during periods of sea level highstand. In the eastern portions of the study area, off-shelf sediment delivery continued into the Holocene in sufficient local volumes to produce turbidity currents. This late, localized sediment delivery appears to have been facilitated by oceanographic processes that allowed seaward sediment transport after flooding of the shelf. A simple sediment budget comparing basinal sediment accumulation to modern estimated river-sediment discharge indicates that peak sediment accumulation in proximal basins occurred during MIS-2; and declined thereafter, generally shifting to upper slope locations, except for the eastern margin of Moresby Trough. There, turbidite deposition continued until 7.4~cal ka, well after drowning of the shelf edge. This continued Holocene deep-sea sediment delivery is likely explained by the local narrow shelf width, and the presence of oceanographic processes capable of transporting sediments from shore to shelf edge.},
	keywords = {Deep-sea},
	issn = {0264-8172},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.02.009},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264817216300320},
	author = {Erlangga Septama and Samuel J. Bentley and Andr{\'e} W. Droxler}
}
@article {2492,
	title = {Detrital cave sediments record Late Quaternary hydrologic and climatic variability in northwestern Florida, USA},
	journal = {Sedimentary Geology},
	volume = {335},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-04-2016},
	pages = {51 - 65},
	abstract = {Detrital sediment in Florida{\textquoteright}s (USA) submerged cave systems may preserve records of regional climate and hydrologic variability. However, the basic sedimentology, mineralogy, stratigraphic variability, and emplacement history of the successions in Florida{\textquoteright}s submerged caves remains poorly understood. Here we present stratigraphic, mineralogical, and elemental data on sediment cores from two phreatic cave systems in northwestern Florida (USA), on the Dougherty Karst Plain: Hole in the Wall Cave (HITW) and Twin Cave. Water flowing through these caves is subsurface flow in the Apalachicola River drainage basin, and the caves are located just downstream from Jackson Blue (1st magnitude spring, > 2.8 m3 s- 1 discharge). Sedimentation in these caves is dominated by three primary sedimentary styles: (i) ferromanganese deposits dominate the basal recovered stratigraphy, which pass upsection into (ii) poorly sorted carbonate sediment, and finally into (iii) fine-grained organic matter (gyttja) deposits. Resolving the emplacement history of the lower stratigraphic units was hampered by a lack of suitable material for radiocarbon dating, but the upper organic-rich deposits have a punctuated depositional history beginning in the earliest Holocene. For example, gyttja primarily accumulated in HITW and Twin Caves from ~ 5500 to 3500 cal yr. BP, which coincides with regional evidence for water-table rise of the Upper Floridian Aquifer associated with relative sea-level rise in the Gulf of Mexico, and evidence for invigorated drainage through the Apalachicola River drainage basin. Gyttja sediments were also deposited in one of the caves during the B{\o}lling/Aller{\o}d climate oscillation. Biologically, these results indicate that some Floridian aquatic cave (stygobitic) ecosystems presently receive minimal organic matter supply in comparison to prehistoric intervals. The pre-Holocene poorly sorted carbonate sediment contains abundant invertebrate fossils, and likely documents a period of enhanced limestone dissolution and cave formation (speleogenesis) during lower paleo water levels. Further work is still required to (a) determine whether precipitation of the ferromanganese deposits is inorganically or biologically mediated, (b) temporally constrain the emplacement history of the primary sedimentary styles, and (c) determine the full geographic extent of these sedimentary signals. However, these preliminary observations suggest that sedimentation in the inland underwater caves of northwestern Florida is related to Quaternary-scale hydrographic variability in the Apalachicola River drainage basin in response to broader ocean and atmospheric forcing.},
	keywords = {Apalachicola, florida, Karst, Phreatic, Underwater cave},
	issn = {00370738},
	doi = {10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.01.022},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0037073816000312http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0037073816000312?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0037073816000312?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Winkler, Tyler S. and van Hengstum, Peter J. and Horgan, Meghan C. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Reibenspies, Joseph H.}
}
@article {2493,
	title = {Evidence for elevated coastal vulnerability following large-scale historical oyster bed harvesting},
	journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jun-06-2018},
	pages = {1136 - 1143},
	abstract = {Living coastal barriers, such as coral reefs, tidal marshes, mangroves and shellfish beds are widely recognized for their potential role in mitigating flood risk. Limited data exists, however, for assessing the effectiveness of these natural defenses as forms of flood mitigation. In particular, very few mature shellfish beds exist today for modern study due to their destruction in the past few centuries. As an alternative method of study, we present here sedimentary reconstructions of storm overwash from coastal ponds internal to New York Harbor. We use these reconstructions to show that the initial degradation of oyster beds following European settlement of the area coincides with a significant increase in wave-derived overwash deposition at all three of our field sites. Numerical simulations of two flood events of record in the harbor (Hurricane Sandy and a severe winter storm in 1992) were run without and with oyster beds of varying heights (1 m above the seafloor-to-intertidal). Simulations show that the removal of these oyster beds increases wave energy directly off-shore of our field sites by between 30\% and 200\%. Sedimentary reconstructions and wave modeling experiments therefore both support oyster beds serving as a significant form of coastal protection prior to European disturbance. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2016 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	doi = {10.1002/esp.v41.810.1002/esp.3931},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/esp.v41.8http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/esp.3931https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2Fesp.3931},
	author = {Brandon, Christine M. and Woodruff, Jonathan D. and Orton, Philip M. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {2572,
	title = {Fate of terrigenous organic matter across the Laptev Sea from the mouth of the Lena River to the deep sea of the Arctic interior},
	journal = {Biogeosciences},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-01-2016},
	pages = {5003 - 5019},
	abstract = {Ongoing global warming in high latitudes may cause an increasing supply of permafrost-derived organic carbon through both river discharge and coastal erosion to the Arctic shelves. Mobilized permafrost carbon can be either buried in sediments, transported to the deep sea or degraded to CO2 and outgassed, potentially constituting a positive feedback to climate change.

This study aims to assess the fate of terrigenous organic carbon (TerrOC) in the Arctic marine environment by exploring how it changes in concentration, composition and degradation status across the wide Laptev Sea shelf. We analyzed a suite of terrestrial biomarkers as well as source-diagnostic bulk carbon isotopes (δ13C, Δ14C) in surface sediments from a Laptev Sea transect spanning more than 800 km from the Lena River mouth (< 10 m water depth) across the shelf to the slope and rise (2000{\textendash}3000 m water depth). These data provide a broad view on different TerrOC pools and their behavior during cross-shelf transport. The concentrations of lignin phenols, cutin acids and high-molecular-weight (HMW) wax lipids (tracers of vascular plants) decrease by 89{\textendash}99 \% along the transect. Molecular-based degradation proxies for TerrOC (e.g., the carbon preference index of HMW lipids, the HMW acids / alkanes ratio and the acid / aldehyde ratio of lignin phenols) display a trend to more degraded TerrOC with increasing distance from the coast. We infer that the degree of degradation of permafrost-derived TerrOC is a function of the time spent under oxic conditions during protracted cross-shelf transport. Future work should therefore seek to constrain cross-shelf transport times in order to compute a TerrOC degradation rate and thereby help to quantify potential carbon{\textendash}climate feedbacks.},
	doi = {10.5194/bg-13-5003-201610.5194/bg-13-5003-2016},
	url = {http://www.biogeosciences.net/13/5003/2016},
	author = {Broder, Lisa and Tesi, Tommaso and Salvad?, Joan A. and Semiletov, Igor P. and Dudarev, Oleg V. and Gustafsson, ?rjan}
}
@article {MilHomens20161211,
	title = {Footprint of roman and modern mining activities in a sediment core from the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {571},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {1211 - 1221},
	abstract = {Abstract A 5-m long sediment core (VC2B), retrieved in the Southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf, at 96 m water depth, was used to assess major changes in climate and human activities during the last 9.7 kyrs. Analytical measurements included sedimentological (mean grain size, and the contents of sand, silt and clay), geochemical (major, minor, trace and rare earth elements; REEs) and chronological (210Pb and 14C) parameters. Two episodes of increment of fine-grained particles, occurring at 3050 \{BCE\} and 1350 CE, suggest the retreat of the coast line to the present level and the beginning of a wetter phase associated with the {\textquotedblleft}Little Ice Age{\textquotedblright}. The North American Shale Composite (NASC)-normalized REE-pattern detected in the shelf is similar to that found in the Guadiana estuarine sediments. The possibility of this estuary as a contributor to the sediment load deposited in the adjacent coastal zone was indicated. Trace elements were significantly correlated with Al until 1850 CE, pointing that grain-size rules its distribution in sediments. The depth variation of As, Cu and Pb enrichment factors relative to background values shows two periods of intense human activity that can be mainly linked to mining: (i) across the Roman Period, marked by low enrichments; and (ii) starting on the second half of the 19th century until nowadays with significantly increased enrichments, especially of Pb and Cu. In addition to As, Cu and Pb, this period is also marked by high enrichments of Hg and Zn. Despite the decrease/closure of sulphide massive deposits mining exploitation (e.g., S{\~a}o Domingos, Las Herrerias) during the second half of the 20th century, results showed ongoing input of Pb, Cu, As, Hg and Zn to coastal sediments. Thus, the legacy of contamination by these elements, mainly from leaching of slags and tailings, and remobilization/reworking of contaminated estuarine sediments, is still recorded in marine sediments.},
	keywords = {mining activities, Rare earth elements},
	issn = {0048-9697},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.143},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969716315959},
	author = {M{\'a}rio Mil-Homens and Carlos Vale and Filipa Naughton and Pedro Brito and Teresa Drago and B{\'a}rbara Anes and Joana Raimundo and Sabine Schmidt and Miguel Caetano}
}
@article {2573,
	title = {Historical records of organic matter supply and degradation status in the East Siberian Sea},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-01-2016},
	pages = {16 - 30},
	abstract = {Destabilization and degradation of permafrost carbon in the Arctic regions could constitute a positive feedback to climate change. A better understanding of its fate upon discharge to the Arctic shelf is therefore needed. In this study, bulk carbon isotopes as well as terrigenous and marine biomarkers were used to construct two centennial records in the East Siberian Sea. Differences in topsoil and Pleistocene Ice Complex Deposit permafrost concentrations, modeled using δ13C and Δ14C, were larger between inner and outer shelf than the changes over time. Similarly, lignin-derived phenol and cutin acid concentrations differed by a factor of ten between the two stations, but did not change significantly over time, consistent with the dual-carbon isotope model. High molecular weight (HMW) n-alkane and n-alkanoic acid concentrations displayed a smaller difference between the two stations (factor of 3{\textendash}6). By contrast, the fraction for marine OC drastically decreased during burial with a half-life of 19{\textendash}27 years. Vegetation and degradation proxies suggested supply of highly degraded gymnosperm wood tissues. Lipid Carbon Preference Index (CPI) values indicated more extensively degraded HMW n-alkanes on the outer shelf with no change over time, whereas n-alkanoic acids appeared to be less degraded toward the core top with no large differences between the stations. Taken together, our results show larger across-shelf changes than down-core trends. Further investigation is required to establish whether the observed spatial differences are due to different sources for the two depositional settings or, alternatively, a consequence of hydrodynamic sorting combined with selective degradation during cross-shelf transport.},
	keywords = {210Pb, Arctic, East Siberian Arctic Shelf, HMW wax lipids, Lignin, Monte Carlo, δ13C, Δ14C},
	issn = {01466380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.10.008},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.10.008},
	author = {Broder, Lisa and Tesi, Tommaso and Andersson, August and Eglinton, Timothy I. and Semiletov, Igor P. and Dudarev, Oleg V. and Roos, Per and Gustafsson, ?rjan}
}
@article {2491,
	title = {The intertropical convergence zone modulates intense hurricane strikes on the western North Atlantic margin},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-04-2016},
	abstract = {Most Atlantic hurricanes form in the Main Development Region between 9{\textdegree}N to 20{\textdegree}N along the northern edge of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Previous research has suggested that meridional shifts in the ITCZ position on geologic timescales can modulate hurricane activity, but continuous and long-term storm records are needed from multiple sites to assess this hypothesis. Here we present a 3000 year record of intense hurricane strikes in the northern Bahamas (Abaco Island) based on overwash deposits in a coastal sinkhole, which indicates that the ITCZ has likely helped modulate intense hurricane strikes on the western North Atlantic margin on millennial to centennial-scales. The new reconstruction closely matches a previous reconstruction from Puerto Rico, and documents a period of elevated intense hurricane activity on the western North Atlantic margin from 2500 to 1000 years ago when paleo precipitation proxies suggest that the ITCZ occupied a more northern position. Considering that anthropogenic warming is predicted to be focused in the northern hemisphere in the coming century, these results provide a prehistoric analog that an attendant northern ITCZ shift in the future may again return the western North Atlantic margin to an active hurricane interval.},
	keywords = {Climate-change impacts, Forest ecology, Ocean sciences, Palaeoclimate},
	doi = {10.1038/srep21728},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/srep21728http://www.nature.com/articles/srep21728.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/srep21728.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/srep21728},
	author = {van Hengstum, Peter J. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Fall, Patricia L. and Toomey, Michael R. and Albury, Nancy A. and Kakuk, Brian}
}
@article {VanDaele2016130,
	title = {Late Quaternary evolution of Lago Castor (Chile, 45.6{\textdegree}S): Timing of the deglaciation in northern Patagonia and evolution of the southern westerlies during the last 17 kyr},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {133},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {130 - 146},
	abstract = {Abstract Even though Patagonia is ideally located to study climate of the southern mid-latitudes, many questions on the late Quaternary climate evolution remain unresolved. The timing of maximum glacier extent is still uncertain in vast areas, and the postglacial evolution of the Southern Westerly Wind Belt (SWWB) remains highly debated. Here, we study the sedimentary infill of a glacigenic lake (Lago Castor; 45.6{\textdegree}S, 71.8{\textdegree}W) located at the leeside of the Andes in Chilean Patagonia to i) reconstruct the deglacial evolution of the eastern flank of the Patagonian Ice Sheet (PIS), and ii) discuss postglacial changes in wind strength at a critical location where westerly wind records are critically lacking. A dense grid of high-resolution reflection-seismic data was used to reconstruct the large-scale infill history of the lake, and a radiocarbon dated sediment core penetrating all lacustrine seismic units, was retrieved. Results indicate that the deglaciation of the lake basin and its catchment occurred no later than \~{}28~cal~kyr \{BP\} (i.e. an early LGM), but possibly even already after \{MIS\} 4. Afterwards, the Lago Castor area was covered by a large proglacial lake that drained {\textendash} possibly through an outburst flood {\textendash} when the \{PIS\} outlet glaciers retreated to a critical location. Subsequently, very dry conditions caused the lake to desiccate, as evidenced by an unconformity visible on the seismic profiles and in the sediment core. This dry period likely resulted from the increased orographic effect of the PIS-covered Andes, accompanied by weaker westerlies. From \~{}20~kyr \{BP\} onwards, the combination of a shrinking \{PIS\} and a southward shift of the \{SWWB\} resulted in increased precipitation, which caused the lake level to rise. After \~{}17~cal~kyr BP, lake sedimentation was more directly influenced by the southern westerlies, with the formation of sediment drifts resulting from strong bottom current during periods of intense westerly winds. Our results suggest a progressive increase in wind strength at 46{\textdegree}S from 11.2 to 4.5~cal~kyr BP, which supports the hypothesis that the \{SWWB\} broadened during the early and middle Holocene.},
	keywords = {Sediment drift},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.12.021},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027737911530202X},
	author = {Maarten Van Daele and S{\'e}bastien Bertrand and Inka Meyer and Jasper Moernaut and Willem Vandoorne and Giuseppe Siani and Niels Tanghe and Zakaria Ghazoui and Mario Pino and Roberto Urrutia and Marc De Batist}
}
@article {2487,
	title = {Methane emissions proportional to permafrost carbon thawed in Arctic lakes since the 1950s},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Oct-08-2017},
	pages = {679 - 682},
	abstract = {Permafrost thaw exposes previously frozen soil organic matter to microbial decomposition. This process generates methane and carbon dioxide, and thereby fuels a positive feedback process that leads to further warming and thaw1. Despite widespread permafrost degradation during the past ~40 years2, 3, 4, the degree to which permafrost thaw may be contributing to a feedback between warming and thaw in recent decades is not well understood. Radiocarbon evidence of modern emissions of ancient permafrost carbon is also sparse5. Here we combine radiocarbon dating of lake bubble trace-gas methane (113 measurements) and soil organic carbon (289 measurements) for lakes in Alaska, Canada, Sweden and Siberia with numerical modelling of thaw and remote sensing of thermokarst shore expansion. Methane emissions from thermokarst areas of lakes that have expanded over the past 60 years were directly proportional to the mass of soil carbon inputs to the lakes from the erosion of thawing permafrost. Radiocarbon dating indicates that methane age from lakes is nearly identical to the age of permafrost soil carbon thawing around them. Based on this evidence of landscape-scale permafrost carbon feedback, we estimate that 0.2 to 2.5 Pg permafrost carbon was released as methane and carbon dioxide in thermokarst expansion zones of pan-Arctic lakes during the past 60 years.},
	keywords = {Carbon cycle, Climate change, Cryospheric science},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/ngeo2795},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ngeo2795},
	author = {Walter Anthony, Katey and Daanen, Ronald and Anthony, Peter and Schneider von Deimling, Thomas and Ping, Chien-Lu and Chanton, Jeffrey P. and Grosse, Guido}
}
@article {2489,
	title = {Relative sea-level change in northeastern Florida (USA) during the last \~{}8.0~ka},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {142},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-06-2016},
	pages = {90 - 101},
	abstract = {An existing database of relative sea-level (RSL) reconstructions from the U.S. Atlantic coast lacked valid sea-level index points from Georgia and Florida. This region lies on the edge of the collapsing forebulge of the former Laurentide Ice Sheet making it an important location for understanding glacio-isostatic adjustment and the history of ice-sheet melt. To address the paucity of data, we reconstruct RSL in northeastern Florida (St. Marys) over the last \~{}8.0 ka from samples of basal salt-marsh sediment that minimize the influence of compaction. The analogy between modern salt-marsh foraminifera and their fossil counterparts preserved in the sedimentary record was used to estimate paleomarsh surface elevation. Sample ages were determined by radiocarbon dating of identifiable and in-situ plant macrofossils. This approach yielded 25 new sea-level index points that constrain a \~{}5.7 m rise in RSL during the last \~{}8.0 ka. The record shows that no highstand in sea level occurred in this region over the period of the reconstruction. We compared the new reconstruction to Earth-ice models ICE 6G-C VM5a and ICE 6G-C VM6. There is good fit in the later part of the Holocene with VM5a and for a brief time in the earlier Holocene with VM6. However, there are discrepancies in model-reconstruction fit in the early to mid Holocene in northeastern Florida and elsewhere along the Atlantic coast at locations with early Holocene RSL reconstructions. The most pronounced feature of the new reconstruction is a slow down in the rate of RSL rise from approximately 5.0 to 3.0 ka. This trend may reflect a significant contribution from local-scale processes such as tidal-range change and/or change in base flow of the St. Marys River in response to paleoclimate changes. However, the spatial expression (local vs. regional) of this slow down is undetermined and corroborative records are needed to establish its geographical extent.},
	keywords = {Foraminifera, Georgia, Holocene, Salt marsh, St. Marys River},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.04.016},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379116301275http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379116301275?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379116301275?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Hawkes, Andrea D. and Kemp, Andrew C. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Peltier, W. Richard and Cahill, Niamh and Hill, David F. and Ashe, Erica and Alexander, Clark R.}
}
@article {Filipsson2016,
	title = {Seasonal variability of stable carbon isotopes (δ13CDIC) in the Skagerrak and the Baltic Sea: Distinguishing between mixing and biological productivity},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {-},
	abstract = {Abstract We documented the annual cycle of the carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) in the water columns of the Skagerrak and Baltic Sea to obtain an increased understanding of the processes involved controlling the carbon isotopic distribution in shelf seas. The lowest δ13CDIC values (- 4.9{\textperthousand}) were found in the low-oxygen, brackish Baltic bottom water whereas the highest values (+ 1.8{\textperthousand}) were observed in the surface water of the Skagerrak during late summer. Photosynthesis drove the high δ13CDIC values (between 1.0 and 1.8{\textperthousand}) noted in the surface waters of both the Skagerrak and the Baltic. The δ13CDIC values below the halocline in the Baltic reflect mixing of brackish water and the more saline water from the Skagerrak, and foremost organic matter remineralization processes that release significant amounts of low-δ13C CO2. Similarly, in the stagnant fjord basins, little deep water exchange and the degradation of terrestrial and marine organic matter set the δ13C composition. Deep-water renewal in the fjord basins resulted in rapid increases of the δ13CDIC on the order of 1{\textperthousand}, whereas remineralization processes caused a decrease in δ13CDIC of 0.1{\textendash}0.3{\textperthousand} per month depending on location. The combined effects of water mixing and remineralization processes (estimated using apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) values) yielded the expression: δ13CDIC = 0.032 * S - 0.01 * \{AOU\} - 0.12 for the Baltic {\textendash} Skagerrak region at water depths below the halocline.},
	keywords = {Time-series},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.11.031},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018216307581},
	author = {Helena L. Filipsson and Daniel C. McCorkle and Andreas Mackensen and Joan M. Bernhard and Lars S. Andersson and Lars-Johan Naustvoll and Angela M. Caballero-Alfonso and Kjell Nordberg and Didrik S. Danielssen}
}
@article {Maio201667,
	title = {Sediment dynamics and hydrographic conditions during storm passage, Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {381},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {67 - 86},
	abstract = {Abstract The impact of storm events on the sediment dynamics of the shallow groundwater fed estuaries of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, \{USA\} is little understood. To address this, the objectives of this study are to assess sediment dynamics during storm passage and determine whether shallow back-barrier lagoons like Waquoit Bay have the preservation potential for a sedimentary archive of hurricanes. When setting out in this study, it was unclear whether paleotempestological methods could be applied successfully to cores collected from the landward reaches of shallow estuaries of southern New England. Water level and bottom current data using Arm-and-Float tide gauges and SeaHorse Tilt Current Meters was collected during Tropical Storm Irene (2011) and coupled with storm surge modeling projections to better elucidate storm-induced sediment transport mechanisms. Three sediment cores were collected at the head of Waquoit Bay, located 2.8 km from the barrier beach. Grain size analysis of sediment cores was conducted with a laser particle size analyzer at 1 cm increments in order to identify coarse grain anomalies, which can act as a storm event proxy. Bayesian statistics were applied to develop age models of two of the cores based on three Pb pollution chronomarkers and 21 continuous flow 14C \{AMS\} ages. The results yield variable sediment accumulation rates between 2 mm/yr to 10 mm/yr, with significantly higher rates occurring in the upper 1 m of sediments. Grain size results are highly variable, and contain numerous large amplitude, short duration fluctuations suggesting that during storm passage coarse sand is deposited in the coring site. The sensitivity of the site to both tropical and extratropical storm events, uncertainties in the age model, and the multiple sediment sources and transport pathways limits the utility of using the Waquoit sediments to determine long-term hurricane frequencies. Results nonetheless provide insights into how extreme storm events impact coastal lagoons.},
	keywords = {Sediment transport},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.07.004},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322716301438},
	author = {Christopher V. Maio and Jeffrey P. Donnelly and Richard Sullivan and Stephanie M. Madsen and Christopher R. Weidman and Allen M. Gontz and Vitalii A. Sheremet}
}
@article {Toomey2016284,
	title = {Seismic evidence of glacial-age river incision into the Tahaa barrier reef, French Polynesia},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {380},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {284 - 289},
	abstract = {Abstract Rivers have long been recognized for their ability to shape reef-bound volcanic islands. On the time-scale of glacial{\textendash}interglacial sea-level cycles, fluvial incision of exposed barrier reef lagoons may compete with constructional coral growth to shape the coastal geomorphology of ocean islands. However, overprinting of Pleistocene landscapes by Holocene erosion or sedimentation has largely obscured the role lowstand river incision may have played in developing the deep lagoons typical of modern barrier reefs. Here we use high-resolution seismic imagery and core stratigraphy to examine how erosion and/or deposition by upland drainage networks has shaped coastal morphology on Tahaa, a barrier reef-bound island located along the Society Islands hotspot chain in French Polynesia. At Tahaa, we find that many channels, incised into the lagoon floor during Pleistocene sea-level lowstands, are located near the mouths of upstream terrestrial drainages. Steeper antecedent topography appears to have enhanced lowstand fluvial erosion along Tahaa{\textquoteright}s southwestern coast and maintained a deep pass. During highstands, upland drainages appear to contribute little sediment to refilling accommodation space in the lagoon. Rather, the flushing of fine carbonate sediment out of incised fluvial channels by storms and currents appears to have limited lagoonal infilling and further reinforced development of deep barrier reef lagoons during periods of highstand submersion.},
	keywords = {Morphology},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.04.008},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322716300548},
	author = {Michael R. Toomey and Jonathan D. Woodruff and Jeffrey P. Donnelly and Andrew D. Ashton and J. Taylor Perron}
}
@article {2490,
	title = {South Pacific hydrologic and cyclone variability during the last 3000 years},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-04-2016},
	pages = {491 - 504},
	abstract = {Major excursions in the position of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) and/or changes in its intensity are thought to drive tropical cyclone (TC) and precipitation variability across much of the central South Pacific. A lack of conventional sites typically used for multimillennial proxy reconstructions has limited efforts to extend observational rainfall/TC data sets and our ability to fully assess the risks posed to central Pacific islands by future changes in fresh water availability or the frequency of storm landfalls. Here we use the sedimentary record of Apu Bay, offshore the island of Tahaa, French Polynesia, to explore the relationship between SPCZ position/intensity and tropical cyclone overwash, resolved at decadal time scales, since 3200 years B.P. Changes in orbital precession and Pacific sea surface temperatures best explain evidence for a coordinated pattern of rainfall variability at Tahaa and across the Pacific over the late Holocene. Our companion record of tropical cyclone activity from Tahaa suggests major storm activity was higher between 2600-1500 years B.P., when decadal scale SPCZ variability may also have been stronger. A transition to lower storm frequency and a shift or expansion of the SPCZ toward French Polynesia around 1000 years B.P. may have prompted Polynesian migration into the central Pacific.},
	doi = {10.1002/2015PA002870},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015PA002870},
	author = {Toomey, Michael R. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Tierney, Jessica E.}
}
@article {2565,
	title = {Subsurface Evidence of Storm-Driven Breaching along a Transgressing Barrier System, Cape Cod, U.S.A.},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	volume = {318},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-03-2016},
	pages = {264 - 279},
	abstract = {Relict and historic tidal channels buried within coastal barriers provide a geologic signature of environmental change, thus enhancing our understanding of how barrier systems respond to extreme storm events. Earliest maps from 1846 depict three inlets along the Waquoit Bay barrier system located on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. These channels were not depicted on maps after 1846, and we lack any information pertaining to them before 1846. The principle objective of this study was to identify the location and map the internal geometry and channel-fill configuration of the buried inlet structures using geophysical and sedimentological data acquisition methods. This was done by collecting 6.2 km of shore-parallel ground-penetrating radar data and five sediment cores ranging in depth from 4 to 5 m. The sediment cores allowed for the ground truthing of the ground-penetrating radar data and provided six samples for radiocarbon dating. The 13 paleochannels identified ranged in depths from 1.3 to 3.7 m below the present beach surface. These appeared in the radar imagery as broad U-shaped cut-and-fill features incised into adjacent barrier facies. The 13 paleochannels composed 24\% of the barrier lithosome totaling 704 m in length. Individual channels were primarily less than 65 m in length and between 2.5 and 1.3 m in depth, although an additional 275-m-wide, 3.7-m-deep channel sequence was imaged and likely represents a major and long-lived paleochannel. The results will contribute toward deciphering the evolution of the Waquoit system and identify areas vulnerable to storm-driven coastal change.},
	keywords = {coastal change, Coastal evolution, ground-penetrating radar, marine transgression, overwash, paleochannel, paleogeography, South Cape Beach},
	issn = {0749-0208},
	doi = {10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-14-00109.1},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-14-00109.1},
	author = {Maio, Christopher V. and Gontz, Allen M. and Sullivan, Richard M. and Madsen, Stephanie M. and Weidman, Christopher R. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article { ISI:000392927300002,
	title = {Two black carbon pools transported by the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers in China},
	journal = {GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES},
	volume = {30},
	number = {{12}},
	year = {2016},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {1778-1790},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Major rivers play important roles in transporting large amounts of terrestrial organic matter from land to the ocean each year, and the organic matter carried by rivers contains a significant fraction of black carbon (BC). A recent study estimated that 0.027 Gt of BC is transported in the dissolved phase by rivers each year, which accounts for similar to 10\% of the global flux of dissolved organic carbon. The relative sources of this large amount of riverine dissolved black carbon (DBC) from biomass burning (young, modern C-14) and fossil fuel (old, C-14 free) combustion are not known. We present radiocarbon measurements of BC in both dissolved and particulate phases transported by the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers, the two largest rivers in China, during 2015. We show that two, distinct BC pools (young and old) were carried by the rivers. The DBC pool was much younger than the particulate BC (PBC) pool. Mass balance calculations indicate that most (78-85\%) of the DBC in the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers was derived from biomass burning, and only 15-22\% was from fossil fuel combustion. In contrast, PBC from biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion were approximately equal in these two rivers. Export of PBC and DBC by the rivers are decoupled, and fluxes of PBC were 4.1 and 6.7 times higher than DBC in the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers, respectively. The C-14 age differences of the two BC pools suggest that BC derived from biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion are mobilized in different phases and on different time scales in these rivers.},
	issn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1002/2016GB005509},
	author = {Wang, Xuchen and Xu, Caili and Druffel, Ellen M. and Xue, Yuejun and Qi, Yuanzhi}
}
@article {21,
	title = {A 12,000-yr pollen record off Cape Hatteras {\textemdash} Pollen sources and mechanisms of pollen dispersion},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {367},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {118-129},
	abstract = {Integrating both marine and terrestrial signals from the same sediment core is one of the primary challenges for understanding the role of ocean{\textendash}atmosphere coupling throughout past climate changes. It is therefore vital to understand how the pollen signal of a given marine record reflects the vegetation changes of the neighboring continent. The comparison between the pollen record of marine core JPC32 (KNR178JPC32) and available terrestrial pollen sequences from eastern North America over the last 12,170 years indicates that the pollen signature off Cape Hatteras gives an integrated image of the regional vegetation encompassing the Pee Dee river, Chesapeake and Delaware hydrographic basins and is reliable in reconstructing the past climate of the adjacent continent. Extremely high quantities of pollen grains included in the marine sediments off Cape Hatteras were transferred from the continent to the sea, at intervals 10,100{\textendash}8800 cal yr BP, 8300{\textendash}7500 cal yr BP, 5800{\textendash}4300 cal yr BP and 2100{\textendash}730 cal yr BP, during storm events favored by episodes of rapid sea-level rise in the eastern coast of US. In contrast, pollen grains export was reduced during 12,170{\textendash}10,150 cal yr BP and 4200{\textendash}2200 cal yr BP, during episodes of intense continental dryness and slow sea level rise episodes or lowstands in the eastern coast of US. The near absence of reworked pollen grains in core JPC32 contrasts with the high quantity of reworked material in nearby but deeper located marine sites, suggesting that the JPC32 record was not affected by the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) since the end of the Younger Dryas and should be considered a key site for studying past climate changes in the western North Atlantic.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2015.06.003},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322715001255},
	author = {Naughton, F. and Keigwin, L. and Peteet, D. and Costas, S. and Desprat, S. and Oliveira, D. and de Vernal, A. and Voelker, A. and Abrantes, F.}
}
@article {549,
	title = {AMS radiocarbon dating of very large Grandidier{\textquoteright}s baobabs (Adansonia grandidieri)},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {361},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Cu2hzTimes Cited:2Cited References Count:20},
	month = {Oct 15},
	pages = {591-598},
	abstract = {The article reports the AMS radiocarbon investigation of the two largest known Adansonia grandidieri specimens. The two baobabs, which are named Tsitakakoike and Pregnant baobab, are located in Southwestern Madagascar, near Andombiro. A third specimen from this area, the House baobab, was also investigated. According to measurements, Tsitakakoike is the biggest individual above ground level of all Adansonia species. The House baobab was selected for its exposed structure, which is identical to the closed ring-shaped structure with false cavities identified by us in large and old Adansonia digitata specimens. According to our research, Tsitakakoike and the Pregnant baobab have multi-stemmed cylindrical trunks which are mainly hollow; the two very large baobabs also possess a ring-shaped structure. The radiocarbon dates of the oldest wood samples collected from the large trunks were 1274 {\textpm} 20 bp for Tsitakakoike and 930 {\textpm} 20 bp for the Pregnant baobab. According to their original positions and to the architectures of the two A. grandidieri, the ages of Tsitakakoike and Pregnant baobab would be between 1300 and 1500 years. Therefore, A. grandidieri becomes the third Adansonia species with individuals that can live over 1000 years, according to accurate dating results.},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2015.04.044},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and von Reden, Karl F. and Danthu, Pascal and Leong Pock-Tsy, Jean-Michel and Rakosy, Laszlo and Patrut, Roxana T. and Lowy, Daniel A. and Margineanu, Dragos}
}
@article { ISI:000358139000002,
	title = {Climate forcing of unprecedented intense-hurricane activity in the last 2000 years},
	journal = {EARTHS FUTURE},
	volume = {3},
	number = {{2}},
	year = {2015},
	month = {FEB},
	pages = {49-65},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {How climate controls hurricane variability has critical implications for society is not well understood. In part, our understanding is hampered by the short and incomplete observational hurricane record. Here we present a synthesis of intense-hurricane activity from the western North Atlantic over the past two millennia, which is supported by a new, exceptionally well-resolved record from Salt Pond, Massachusetts (USA). At Salt Pond, three coarse grained event beds deposited in the historical interval are consistent with severe hurricanes in 1991 (Bob), 1675, and 1635 C.E., and provide modern analogs for 32 other prehistoric event beds. Two intervals of heightened frequency of event bed deposition between 1400 and 1675 C.E. (10 events) and 150 and 1150 C.E. (23 events), represent the local expression of coherent regional patterns in intense-hurricane-induced event beds. Our synthesis indicates that much of the western North Atlantic appears to have been active between 250 and 1150 C.E., with high levels of activity persisting in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico until 1400 C.E. This interval was one with relatively warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the main development region (MDR). A shift in activity to the North American east coast occurred ca. 1400 C.E., with more frequent severe hurricane strikes recorded from The Bahamas to New England between 1400 and 1675 C.E. A warm SST anomaly along the western North Atlantic, rather than within the MDR, likely contributed to the later active interval being restricted to the east coast.},
	keywords = {Climate change, common era, Holocene, sea surface temperature, tropical cyclones},
	issn = {2328-4277},
	doi = {10.1002/2014EF000274},
	author = {Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Lane, Philip and MacDonald, Dana and Shuman, Bryan N. and Toomey, Michael R. and van Hengstum, Peter J. and Woodruff, Jonathan D.}
}
@article {2595,
	title = {Coastal evidence for Holocene subduction-zone earthquakes and tsunamis in central Chile},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-04-2015},
	pages = {93 - 111},
	abstract = {The \~{}500-year historical record of seismicity along the central Chile coast (30{\textendash}34{\textdegree}S) is characterized by a series of \~{}M 8.0{\textendash}8.5 earthquakes followed by low tsunamis (<4 m) occurring on the megathrust about every 80 years. One exception is the AD 1730 great earthquake (M 9.0{\textendash}9.5) and high tsunami (>10 m), but the frequency of such large events is unknown. We extend the seismic history of central Chile through a study of a lowland stratigraphic sequence along the metropolitan coast north of Valpara{\'\i}so (33{\textdegree}S). At this site, higher relative sea level during the mid Holocene created a tidal marsh and the accommodation space necessary for sediment that preserves earthquake and tsunami evidence. Within this 2600-yr-long sequence, we traced six laterally continuous sand beds probably deposited by high tsunamis. Plant remains that underlie the sand beds were radiocarbon dated to 6200, 5600, 5000, 4400, 3800, and 3700 cal yr BP. Sediment properties and diatom assemblages of the sand beds{\textemdash}for example, anomalous marine planktonic diatoms and upward fining of silt-sized diatom valves{\textemdash}point to a marine sediment source and high-energy deposition. Grain-size analysis shows a strong similarity between inferred tsunami deposits and modern coastal sediment. Upward fining sequences characteristic of suspension deposition are present in five of the six sand beds. Despite the lack of significant lithologic changes between the sedimentary units under- and overlying tsunami deposits, we infer that the increase in freshwater siliceous microfossils in overlying units records coseismic uplift concurrent with the deposition of five of the sand beds. During our mid-Holocene window of evidence preservation, the mean recurrence interval of earthquakes and tsunamis is \~{}500 years. Our findings imply that the frequency of historical earthquakes in central Chile is not representative of the greatest earthquakes and tsunamis that the central Chilean subduction zone has produced.},
	keywords = {Coastal hazards, Coastal paleoseismology, Diatom paleoecology, Prehistoric earthquakes, Tsunami Deposits},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.015},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.015},
	author = {Dura, Tina and Cisternas, Marco and Horton, Benjamin P. and Ely, Lisa L. and Nelson, Alan R. and Wesson, Robert L. and Pilarczyk, Jessica E.}
}
@article {2569,
	title = {Glacial-interglacial changes in central tropical Pacific surface seawater property gradients},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-05-2015},
	pages = {423 - 438},
	abstract = {Much uncertainty exists about the state of the oceanic and atmospheric circulation in the tropical Pacific over the last glacial cycle. Studies have been hampered by the fact that sediment cores suitable for study were concentrated in the western and eastern parts of the tropical Pacific, with little information from the central tropical Pacific. Here we present information from a suite of sediment cores collected from the Line Islands Ridge in the central tropical Pacific, which show sedimentation rates and stratigraphies suitable for paleoceanographic investigations. Based on the radiocarbon and oxygen isotope measurements on the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber, we construct preliminary age models for selected cores and show that the gradient in the oxygen isotope ratio of G. ruber between the equator and 8{\textdegree}N is enhanced during glacial stages relative to interglacial stages. This stronger gradient could reflect enhanced equatorial cooling (perhaps reflecting a stronger Walker circulation) or an enhanced salinity gradient (perhaps reflecting increased rainfall in the central tropical Pacific).},
	doi = {10.1002/2014PA002746},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014PA002746},
	author = {Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean and Polissar, Pratigya J. and Jacobel, Allison W. and Hovan, Steven A. and Pockalny, Robert A. and Lyle, Mitchell and Murray, Richard W. and Ravelo, A. Christina and Bova, Samantha C. and Dunlea, Ann G. and Ford, Heather L. and Hertzberg, Jennifer E. and Wertman, Christina A. and Maloney, Ashley E. and Shackford, Julia K. and Wejnert, Katherine and Xie, Ruifang C.}
}
@article {2496,
	title = {How Unique was Hurricane Sandy? Sedimentary Reconstructions of Extreme Flooding from New York Harbor},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-05-2015},
	abstract = {The magnitude of flooding in New York City by Hurricane Sandy is commonly believed to be extremely rare, with estimated return periods near or greater than 1000 years. However, the brevity of tide gauge records result in significant uncertainties when estimating the uniqueness of such an event. Here we compare resultant deposition by Hurricane Sandy to earlier storm-induced flood layers in order to extend records of flooding to the city beyond the instrumental dataset. Inversely modeled storm conditions from grain size trends show that a more compact yet more intense hurricane in 1821 CE probably resulted in a similar storm tide and a significantly larger storm surge. Our results indicate the occurrence of additional flood events like Hurricane Sandy in recent centuries, and highlight the inadequacies of the instrumental record in estimating current flood risk by such extreme events.},
	keywords = {Environmental sciences, Geomorphology, Palaeoclimate, sedimentology},
	doi = {10.1038/srep07366},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/srep07366http://www.nature.com/articles/srep07366.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/srep07366.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/srep07366},
	author = {Brandon, Christine M. and Woodruff, Jonathan D. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Sullivan, Richard M.}
}
@article { ISI:000352212200018,
	title = {Late Holocene glacial advance and ice shelf growth in Barilari Bay, Graham Land, west Antarctic Peninsula},
	journal = {GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN},
	volume = {127},
	number = {{1-2}},
	year = {2015},
	month = {JAN-FEB},
	pages = {297-315},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Three marine sediment cores were collected along the length of the fjord axis of Barilari Bay, Graham Land, west Antarctic Peninsula (65 degrees 55{\textquoteright}S, 64 degrees 43{\textquoteright}W). Multi-proxy analytical results constrained by high-resolution geochronological methods (Pb-210, radiocarbon, Cs-137) in concert with historical observations capture a record of Holocene paleoenvironmental variability. Our results suggest early and middle Holocene (>7022-2815 cal. {[}calibrated] yr B.P.) retreated glacial positions and seasonally open marine conditions with increased primary productivity. Climatic cooling increased sea ice coverage and decreased primary productivity during the Neoglacial (2815 to cal. 730 cal. yr B.P.). This climatic cooling culminated with glacial advance to maximum Holocene positions and expansion of a fjord-wide ice shelf during the Little Ice Age (LIA) (ca. 730-82 cal. yr B.P.). Seasonally open marine conditions were achieved and remnant ice shelves decayed within the context of recent rapid regional warming (82 cal. yr B.P. to present). Our findings agree with previously observed late Holocene cooling and glacial advance across the Antarctic Peninsula, suggesting that the LIA was a regionally significant event with few disparities in timing and magnitude. Comparison of the LIA Antarctic Peninsula record to the rest of the Southern Hemisphere demonstrates close synchronicity in the southeast Pacific and southern most Atlantic region but less coherence for the southwest Pacific and Indian Oceans. Comparisons with the Northern Hemisphere demonstrate that the LIA Antarctic Peninsula record was contemporaneous with pre-LIA cooling and sea ice expansion in the North Atlantic-Arctic, suggesting a global reach for these events.},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/B31035.1},
	author = {Christ, Andrew J. and Talaia-Murray, Manique and Elking, Natalie and Domack, Eugene W. and Leventer, Amy and Lavoie, Caroline and Brachfeld, Stefanie and Yoo, Kyu-Cheul and Gilbert, Robert and Jeong, Sun-Mi and Petrushak, Stephen and Wellner, Julia and LARISSA Grp}
}
@article {543,
	title = {Late Holocene precipitation variability recorded in the sediments of Reloncav{\'\i} Fjord (41{\textdegree}S, 72{\textdegree}W), Chile},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {84},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Co0ceTimes Cited:1Cited References Count:93},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {21-36},
	abstract = {We present reconstructions of late Holocene changes in the source of organic matter and siliceous export production in the Relocanv{\'\i} Fjord (41{\textdegree}S, 72{\textdegree}W), Northern Chilean Patagonia, based on organic carbon content, δ13Corg, N/C ratio, diatom assemblages and biogenic silica contents from three sediment cores. The age models are based on a combination of 210Pb profiles, AMS 14C dating, and on the first occurrence of the diatom Rhizosolenia setigera f. pungens, as a stratigraphic marker in the fjords. The cores span the last 300 to 700 yr. Diatoms dominate the siliceous assemblages in the three cores (98\% on average). Our results suggest that precipitation seasonality in the region of Reloncav{\'\i} was high in CE 1300{\textendash}1400 and CE 1700{\textendash}1850, with a clear decreasing trend since CE 1850. The latter trend is in agreement with instrumental records and tree-ring reconstructions. These fluctuations seem to be associated with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM).},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2015.05.006},
	author = {Rebolledo, Lorena and Lange, Carina B. and Bertrand, S{\'e}bastien and Mu{\~n}oz, Praxedes and Salamanca, Marco and Lazo, Pablo and Iriarte, Jos{\'e} L. and Vargas, Gabriel and Pantoja, Silvio and Dezileau, Laurent}
}
@article {2495,
	title = {Low-frequency storminess signal at Bermuda linked to cooling events in the North Atlantic region},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-02-2015},
	pages = {52 - 76},
	abstract = {North Atlantic climate archives provide evidence for increased storm activity during the Little Ice Age (150 to 600 calibrated years (cal years) B.P.) and centered at 1700 and 3000 cal years B.P., typically in centennial-scale sedimentary records. Meteorological (tropical versus extratropical storms) and climate forcings of this signal remain poorly understood, although variability in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) or Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) are frequently hypothesized to be involved. Here we present records of late Holocene storminess and coastal temperature change from a Bermudian submarine cave that is hydrographically circulated with the coastal ocean. Thermal variability in the cave is documented by stable oxygen isotope values of cave benthic foraminifera, which document a close linkage between regional temperature change and NAO phasing during the late Holocene. However, erosion of terrestrial sediment into the submarine cave provides a {\textquotedblleft}storminess signal{\textquotedblright} that correlates with higher-latitude storminess archives and broader North Atlantic cooling events. Understanding the driver of this storminess signal will require higher-resolution storm records to disentangle the contribution of tropical versus extratropical cyclones and a better understanding of cyclone activity during hemispheric cooling periods. Most importantly, however, the signal in Bermuda appears more closely correlated with proxy-based evidence for subtle AMOC reductions than NAO phasing.},
	doi = {10.1002/2014PA002662},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014PA002662https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2F2014PA002662},
	author = {van Hengstum, Peter J. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Kingston, Andrew W. and Williams, Bruce E. and Scott, David B. and Reinhardt, Eduard G. and Little, Shawna N. and Patterson, William P.}
}
@article { ISI:000359889700007,
	title = {Millennial-scale fluctuations of the European Ice Sheet at the end of the last glacial, and their potential impact on global climate},
	journal = {QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2015},
	month = {SEP 1},
	pages = {113-133},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Reconstructing Northern Hemisphere ice-sheet oscillations and meltwater routing to the ocean is important to better understand the mechanisms behind abrupt climate changes. To date, research efforts have mainly focused on the North American (Laurentide) ice-sheets (LIS), leaving the potential role of the European Ice Sheet (EIS), and of the Scandinavian ice-sheet (SIS) in particular, largely unexplored. Using neodymium isotopes in detrital sediments deposited off the Channel River, we provide a continuous and well-dated record for the evolution of the EIS southern margin through the end of the last glacial period and during the deglaciation. Our results reveal that the evolution of EIS margins was accompanied with substantial ice recession (especially of the SIS) and simultaneous release of meltwater to the North Atlantic. These events occurred both in the course of the EIS to its LGM position (i.e., during Heinrich Stadial -HS- 3 and HS2; similar to 31-29 ka and similar to 26-23 ka, respectively) and during the deglaciation (i.e., at similar to 22 ka, similar to 20-19 ka and from 18.2 +/- 0.2 to 16.7 +/- 0.2 ka that corresponds to the first part of HS1). The deglaciation was discontinuous in character, and similar in timing to that of the southern LIS margin, with moderate ice-sheet retreat (from 22.5 +/- 0.2 ka in the Baltic lowlands) as soon as the northern summer insolation increase (from similar to 23 ka) and an acceleration of the margin retreat thereafter (from similar to 20 ka). Importantly, our results show that EIS retreat events and release of meltwater to the North Atlantic during the deglaciation coincide with AMOC destabilisation and interhemispheric climate changes. They thus suggest that the EIS, together with the LIS, could have played a critical role in the climatic reorganization that accompanied the last deglaciation. Finally, our data suggest that meltwater discharges to the North Atlantic produced by large-scale recession of continental parts of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during HS, could have been a possible source for the oceanic perturbations (i.e., AMOC shutdown) responsible for the marine-based ice stream purge cycle, or so-called HE{\textquoteright}s, that punctuate the last glacial period. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Channel River, Deglaciation, European ice-sheet, Meltwater, Neodymium, Termination},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.06.010},
	author = {Toucanne, Samuel and Soulet, Guillaume and Freslon, Nicolas and Jacinto, Ricardo Silva and Dennielou, Bernard and Zaragosi, Sebastien and Eynaud, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}rique and Bourillet, Jean-Francois and Bayon, Germain}
}
@article { ISI:000368907500001,
	title = {Multimolecular tracers of terrestrial carbon transfer across the pan-Arctic: C-14 characteristics of sedimentary carbon components and their environmental controls},
	journal = {GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES},
	volume = {29},
	number = {{11}},
	year = {2015},
	month = {NOV},
	pages = {1855-1873},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Distinguishing the sources, ages, and fate of various terrestrial organic carbon (OC) pools mobilized from heterogeneous Arctic landscapes is key to assessing climatic impacts on the fluvial release of carbon from permafrost. Through molecular C-14 measurements, including novel analyses of suberin- and/or cutin-derived diacids (DAs) and hydroxy fatty acids (FAs), we compared the radiocarbon characteristics of a comprehensive suite of terrestrial markers (including plant wax lipids, cutin, suberin, lignin, and hydroxy phenols) in the sedimentary particles from nine major arctic and subarctic rivers in order to establish a benchmark assessment of the mobilization patterns of terrestrial OC pools across the pan-Arctic. Terrestrial lipids, including suberin-derived longer-chain DAs (C-24,C-26,C-28), plant wax FAs (C(24,26,2)8), and n-alkanes (C-27,C-29,C-31), incorporated significant inputs of aged carbon, presumably from deeper soil horizons. Mobilization and translocation of these {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}old{{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}} terrestrial carbon components was dependent on nonlinear processes associated with permafrost distributions. By contrast, shorter-chain (C-16,C-18) DAs and lignin phenols (as well as hydroxy phenols in rivers outside eastern Eurasian Arctic) were much more enriched in C-14, suggesting incorporation of relatively young carbon supplied by runoff processes from recent vegetation debris and surface layers. Furthermore, the radiocarbon content of terrestrial markers is heavily influenced by specific OC sources and degradation status. Overall, multitracer molecular C-14 analysis sheds new light on the mobilization of terrestrial OC from arctic watersheds. Our findings of distinct ages for various terrestrial carbon components may aid in elucidating fate of different terrestrial OC pools in the face of increasing arctic permafrost thaw.},
	issn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1002/2015GB005204},
	author = {Feng, Xiaojuan and Gustafsson, {\"O}rjan and Holmes, R. Max and Vonk, Jorien E. and van Dongen, Bart E. and Semiletov, Igor P. and Dudarev, Oleg V. and Yunker, Mark B. and Macdonald, Robie W. and Wacker, Lukas and Montlu{\c c}on, Daniel B. and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {30,
	title = {A post-glacial relative sea-level curve from Fiordland, New Zealand},
	journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
	volume = {131},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {104-114},
	abstract = {The modern fjords of southwest New Zealand were previously stranded lakes isolated from the Tasman Sea by bedrock and moraine sills following the retreat of glaciers at the Last Glacial Maximum. The isolated lake basins were subsequently inundated with sea water when sea-level rise overtopped the sills. A record of the lacustrine-to-marine environmental transition is preserved in the fjord basin sediments and is identified in two New Zealand fjords with high-resolution seismic data and paleoenvironmental analysis of sediment cores. Seismic data are used to constrain the maximum sill depth and microfossil assemblages are used to track the lacustrine-to-marine transition. Chronology is based on fourteen radiocarbon ages. A relative sea-level curve for Fiordland, New Zealand is constructed based on sill depths and age constraints on the marine incursion. The sea-level curve allows insights into estimated uplift rates for Fiordland during the Holocene. From a lowstand of at least 107 mbsl 14,750 yr ago, these data reveal a stepwise transgression. Meltwater Pulse 1b is identified between 12,400 and 11,400 yr ago, with a second acceleration in sea-level rise observed 9700 yr ago. This record contributes a new sea-level curve for a mid-latitude (45{\textdegree}S) Southern Hemisphere location as well as new evidence for Meltwater Pulse 1b.},
	issn = {0921-8181},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.05.010},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921818115001071},
	author = {Dlabola, E. K. and Wilson, G. S. and Gorman, A. R. and Riesselman, C. R. and Moy, C. M.}
}
@article {35,
	title = {Refined bomb radiocarbon dating of two iconic fishes of the Great Barrier Reef},
	journal = {Marine and Freshwater Research},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PT: J; TC: 0; UT: WOS:000351621600003},
	pages = {305-316},
	issn = {1323-1650},
	doi = {10.1071/MF14086},
	author = {Andrews, Allen H. and Choat, John H. and Hamilton, Richard J. and DeMartini, Edward E.}
}
@article {2494,
	title = {Relative sea-level change in Connecticut (USA) during the last 2200 yrs},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {428},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-10-2015},
	pages = {217 - 229},
	abstract = {We produced a relative sea-level (RSL) reconstruction from Connecticut (USA) spanning the last \~{}2200 yrs that is free from the influence of sediment compaction. The reconstruction used a suite of vertically- and laterally-ordered sediment samples <=2 cm above bedrock that were collected by excavating a trench along an evenly-sloped bedrock surface. Paleomarsh elevation was reconstructed using a regional-scale transfer function trained on the modern distribution of foraminifera on Long Island Sound salt marshes and supported by bulk-sediment δ13C measurements. The history of sediment accumulation was estimated using an age-elevation model constrained by radiocarbon dates and recognition of pollution horizons of known age. The RSL reconstruction was combined with regional tide-gauge measurements spanning the last \~{}150 yrs before being quantitatively analyzed using an error-in-variables integrated Gaussian process model to identify sea-level trends with formal and appropriate treatment of uncertainty and the temporal distribution of data. RSL rise was stable (\~{}1 mm/yr) from \~{}200 BCE to \~{}1000 CE, slowed to a minimum rate of rise (0.41 mm/yr) at \~{}1400 CE, and then accelerated continuously to reach a current rate of 3.2 mm/yr, which is the fastest, century-scale rate of the last 2200 yrs. Change point analysis identified that modern rates of rise in Connecticut began at 1850{\textendash}1886 CE. This timing is synchronous with changes recorded at other sites on the U.S. Atlantic coast and is likely the local expression of a global sea-level change. Earlier sea-level trends show coherence north of Cape Hatteras that are contrasted with southern sites. This pattern may represent centennial-scale variability in the position and/or strength of the Gulf Stream. Comparison of the new record to three existing and reanalyzed RSL reconstructions from the same site developed using sediment cores indicates that compaction is unlikely to significantly distort RSL reconstructions produced from shallow (\~{}2{\textendash}3 m thick) sequences of salt-marsh peat.},
	keywords = {Atlantic Ocean, Foraminifera, Gulf Stream, Late Holocene, Salt marsh},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2015.07.034},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012821X15004690http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0012821X15004690?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0012821X15004690?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C. and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Vane, Christopher H. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Hill, Troy D. and Anisfeld, Shimon C. and Parnell, Andrew C. and Cahill, Niamh}
}
@article {20,
	title = {Searching for the Oldest Baobab of Madagascar: Radiocarbon Investigation of Large Adansonia rubrostipa Trees},
	journal = {PLoS ONE},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {e0121170},
	abstract = {We extended our research on the architecture, growth and age of trees belonging to the genus Adansonia, by starting to investigate large individuals of the most widespread Malagasy species. Our research also intends to identify the oldest baobabs of Madagascar. Here we present results of the radiocarbon investigation of the two most representative Adansonia rubrostipa (fony baobab) specimens, which are located in south-western Madagascar, in the Tsimanampetsotse National Park. We found that the fony baobab called {\^a}{\texteuro}{\oe}Grandmother{\^a}{\texteuro} consists of 3 perfectly fused stems of different ages. The radiocarbon date of the oldest sample was found to be 1136 {\^A}{\textpm} 16 BP. We estimated that the oldest part of this tree, which is mainly hollow, has an age close to 1,600 yr. This value is comparable to the age of the oldest Adansonia digitata (African baobab) specimens. By its age, the Grandmother is a major candidate for the oldest baobab of Madagascar. The second investigated specimen, called the {\^a}{\texteuro}{\oe}polygamous baobab{\^a}{\texteuro}, consists of 6 partially fused stems of different ages. According to dating results, this fony baobab is 1,000 yr old. This research is the first investigation of the structure and age of Malagasy baobabs.},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0121170},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371\%2Fjournal.pone.0121170},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and von Reden, Karl F. and Danthu, Pascal and Leong Pock-Tsy, Jean-Michel and Patrut, Roxana T. and Lowy, Daniel A.}
}
@article {559,
	title = {Sinking particle flux in the sea ice zone of the Amundsen Shelf, Antarctica},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {101},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Ck4reTimes Cited:4Cited References Count:38},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {110-117},
	abstract = {We have examined the flux, biogenic composition, and isotopic values of sinking particles collected by a time-series sediment trap deployed in the sea ice zone (SIZ) of the Amundsen Sea from January 2011 for 1 year. The major portion of the particle flux occurred during the austral summer in January and February when sea ice concentration was reduced to 30 \%) and a low bio-Si/POC ratio (<0.5) during the austral winter. CaCO3 content and its contribution to total particle flux was low (~6 \%) throughout the study period. Aged POC likely supplied from sediment resuspension accounted for a considerable fraction only from October to December, which was evidenced by a low radiocarbon content and relatively high (30{\textendash}50 \%) content of the non-biogenic components. When compared with POC flux inside the Amundsen Sea polynya obtained by the US Amundsen Sea Polynya International Research Expedition (ASPIRE), the POC flux integrated over the austral summer in the SIZ was virtually identical, although the maximum POC flux was approximately half that inside the Amundsen Sea polynya. This comparatively high POC flux integrated over the austral summer in the SIZ may be caused by phytoplankton blooms persisting over a longer periods and more efficient export of organic matter potentially owing to the diatom-dominant plankton community. If this observation is a general phenomenon on the Amundsen Shelf, the role of the SIZ, compared with the polynyas, need to be examined more carefully when trying to characterize the POC export in this region.},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2015.04.002},
	author = {Kim, Minkyoung and Hwang, Jeomshik and Kim, Hyung J. and Kim, Dongseon and Yang, Eun J. and Ducklow, Hugh W. and Hyoung, S. La and Lee, Sang H. and Park, Jisoo and Lee, SangHoon}
}
@article {2480,
	title = {Using Natural Abundance Radiocarbon To Trace the Flux of Petrocarbon to the Seafloor Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Aug-01-2016},
	pages = {847 - 854},
	abstract = {In 2010, the Deepwater Horizon accident released 4.6{\textendash}6.0 {\texttimes} 1011 grams or 4.1 to 4.6 million barrels of fossil petroleum derived carbon (petrocarbon) as oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Natural abundance radiocarbon measurements on surface sediment organic matter in a 2.4 {\texttimes} 1010 m2 deep-water region surrounding the spill site indicate the deposition of a fossil-carbon containing layer that included 1.6 to 2.6 {\texttimes} 1010 grams of oil-derived carbon. This quantity represents between 0.5 to 9.1\% of the released petrocarbon, with a best estimate of 3.0{\textendash}4.9\%. These values may be lower limit estimates of the fraction of the oil that was deposited on the seafloor because they focus on a limited mostly deep-water area of the Gulf, include a conservative estimate of thickness of the depositional layer, and use an average background or prespill radiocarbon value for sedimentary organic carbon that produces a conservative value. A similar approach using hopane tracer estimated that 4{\textendash}31\% of 2 million barrels of oil that stayed in the deep sea settled on the bottom. Converting that to a percentage of the total oil that entered into the environment (to which we normalized our estimate) converts this range to 1.8 to 14.4\%. Although extrapolated over a larger area, our independent estimate produced similar values.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/es5046524},
	url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es5046524http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es5046524},
	author = {Chanton, Jeffrey and Zhao, Tingting and Rosenheim, Brad E. and Joye, Samantha and Bosman, Samantha and Brunner, Charlotte and Yeager, Kevin M. and Diercks, Arne R. and Hollander, David}
}
@article {545,
	title = {A 2000-yr reconstruction of air temperature in the Great Basin of the United States with specific reference to the Medieval Climatic Anomaly},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Aq8ljTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:70},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {309-317},
	abstract = {A sediment core representing the past two millennia was recovered from Stella Lake in the Snake Range of the central Great Basin in Nevada. The core was analyzed for sub-fossil chironomids and sediment organic content. A quantitative reconstruction of mean July air temperature (MJAT) was developed using a regional training set and a chironomid-based WA-PLS inference model (r2jack = 0.55, RMSEP = 0.9{\textdegree}C). The chironomid-based MJAT reconstruction suggests that the interval between AD 900 and AD 1300, corresponding to the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), was characterized by MJAT elevated 1.0{\textdegree}C above the subsequent Little Ice Age (LIA), but likely not as warm as recent conditions. Comparison of the Stella Lake temperature reconstruction to previously published paleoclimate records from this region indicates that the temperature fluctuations inferred to have occurred at Stella Lake between AD 900 and AD 1300 correspond to regional records documenting hydroclimate variability during the MCA interval. The Stella Lake record provides evidence that elevated summer temperature contributed to the increased aridity that characterized the western United States during the MCA.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2014.06.002},
	author = {Reinemann, Scott A. and Porinchu, David F. and MacDonald, Glen M. and Mark, Bryan G. and DeGrand, James Q.}
}
@article {2498,
	title = {Centennial-to-millennial hydrologic trends and variability along the North Atlantic Coast, USA, during the Holocene},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Apr-06-2016},
	pages = {4300 - 4307},
	abstract = {Geophysical and sedimentary records from five lakes in Massachusetts reveal regionally coherent hydrologic variability during the Holocene. All of the lakes have risen since ~9.0 ka, but multicentury droughts after 5.6 ka repeatedly lowered their water levels. Quantified water level histories from the three best-studied lakes share >70\% of their reconstructed variance. Four prominent low-water phases at 4.9{\textendash}4.6, 4.2{\textendash}3.9, 2.9{\textendash}2.1, and 1.3{\textendash}1.2 ka were synchronous across coastal lakes, even after accounting for age uncertainties. The droughts also affected sites up to ~200 km inland, but water level changes at 5.6{\textendash}4.9 ka appear out of phase between inland and coastal lakes. During the enhanced multicentury variability after ~5.6 ka, droughts coincided with cooling in Greenland and may indicate circulation changes across the North Atlantic region. Overall, the records demonstrate that current water levels are exceptionally high and confirm the sensitivity of water resources in the northeast U.S. to climate change.},
	doi = {10.1002/2014GL060183},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014GL060183https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2F2014GL060183},
	author = {Newby, Paige E. and Shuman, Bryan N. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Karnauskas, Kristopher B. and Marsicek, Jeremiah}
}
@article {2553,
	title = {Coastal response to late-stage transgression and sea-level highstand},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {126},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-03-2014},
	pages = {459 - 480},
	abstract = {Coastal  morphologic  features  associated with  past  shoreline  transgressions  and  sea-level  highstands  can  provide  insight  into  the  rates  and  processes  associated  with  coastal  response  to  the  modern  global  rise  in  sea  level.  Along  the  eastern  and  southern  Brazilian  coasts  of  South  America,  6000  years  of   sea-level   fall   have   preserved   late-stage   transgressive and sea-level highstand features 1{\textendash}4 m above present mean sea level and several  kilome  ters  landward  of  modern  shore-lines.  GPS  with  real-time  kinematics  data,  ground-penetrating  radar,  stratigraphy,  and  radiocarbon  dating  within  a  2{\textendash}3-km-wide  river-associated  strandplain  in  central  Santa  Catarina  (southern  Brazil)  uncovered  a  diverse set of late-stage transgressive and high-
stand  deposits.  Here,  the  highstand  took  the  forms of (1) an exposed bedrock coast in areas of high wave energy and low sediment supply; (2)  a  3.8-m-high  transgressive  barrier  ridge  where  landward  barrier  migration  was  prohibited  by  the  presence  of  shallow  bedrock;  and  (3)  a  complete  barrier-island  complex  containing a 5.2-m-high barrier ridge, washover deposits, a paleo-inlet, and a backbarrier lowland, formed in a protected cove with ample sediment supply from small local streams and the erosion of upland sediments. Similar signatures of the mid-Holocene highstand can be  traced  across  all  coastal  Brazilian  states.  This  study  presents  the  first  complete  compilation of the diversity of these sedimentary sequences. They are broadly classified here as exposed bedrock coasts (type A), back barrier deposits  (type  B),  transgressive  barrier  ridges (type C), and barrier-island complexes (type D),  according  to  localized  conditions  of  upland  migration  potential,  wave  exposure,  and  sediment  supply.  These  Brazilian  
systems  present  a  paradigm  for  understanding future coastal response to climate change and accelerated sea-level rise: the recognition of a minimum threshold sea-level-rise rate of ~2  mm  yr{\textendash}1 above  which  transgression  proceeded too rapidly for the formation of these stable  accretionary  shoreline  features  demonstrates the nonlinearity of coastal response to sea-level change, and the site specificity of conditions  associated  with  the  formation  of  each  highstand  deposit  type,  even  within  a  single  small  embayment,  demonstrates  the  non-uniformity of that response.},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/B30836.1},
	url = {http://gsabulletin.gsapubs.org/cgi/doi/10.1130/B30836.1},
	author = {Hein, C. J. and FitzGerald, D. M. and Thadeu de Menezes, J. and Cleary, W. J. and Klein, A. H. F. and Albernaz, M. B.}
}
@article {67,
	title = {A continuous multi-millennial record of surficial bivalve mollusk shells from the S{\~a}o Paulo Bight, Brazilian shelf},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {274-283},
	abstract = {To evaluate the potential of using surficial shell accumulations for paleoenvironmental studies, an extensive time series of individually dated specimens of the marine infaunal bivalve mollusk Semele casali was assembled using amino acid racemization (AAR) ratios (n = 270) calibrated against radiocarbon ages (n = 32). The shells were collected from surface sediments at multiple sites across a sediment-starved shelf in the shallow sub-tropical S{\~a}o Paulo Bight (S{\~a}o Paulo State, Brazil). The resulting 14C-calibrated AAR time series, one of the largest AAR datasets compiled to date, ranges from modern to 10,307 cal yr BP, is right skewed, and represents a remarkably complete time series: the completeness of the Holocene record is 66\% at 250-yr binning resolution and 81\% at 500-yr binning resolution. Extensive time-averaging is observed for all sites across the sampled bathymetric range indicating long water depth-invariant survival of carbonate shells at the sediment surface with low net sedimentation rates. Benthic organisms collected from active depositional surfaces can provide multi-millennial time series of biomineral records and serve as a source of geochemical proxy data for reconstructing environmental and climatic trends throughout the Holocene at centennial resolution. Surface sediments can contain time-rich shell accumulations that record the entire Holocene, not just the present.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2013.12.007},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589413001646},
	author = {Dexter, Troy A. and Kaufman, Darrell S. and Krause Jr, Richard A. and Barbour Wood, Susan L. and Sim{\~o}es, Marcello G. and Huntley, John Warren and Yanes, Yurena and Romanek, Christopher S. and Kowalewski, Micha{\l}}
}
@article {553,
	title = {Gas hydrate destabilization and methane release events in the Krishna{\textendash}Godavari Basin, Bay of Bengal},
	journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2014},
	note = {AAy4wyTimes Cited:2Cited References Count:97},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {476-489},
	abstract = {Methane release events have been linked to global warming, alteration of the carbon cycle and influence on biota. However, unequivocal evidence of paleomethane release events are limited. We report several negative carbon stable isotope excursions in planktic and benthic foraminifera in a core (MD161-8) from the Krishna-Godavari (K{\textendash}G) Basin, Bay of Bengal. The most negative δ13C spikes are recorded during the marine isotope stages MIS-4 and at the transition of MIS-5 to 4. Occurrence of highly 13C depleted (average δ13C = -48 {\textpm} 2.4{\textperthousand} VPDB) authigenic high magnesian calcite are also reported within this time window from the core MD161-8. In the present work an unequivocal explanation for the observed 13C depletion in the marine planktic and benthic foraminifera is difficult to achieve solely from the optical/electron microscopy or C{\textendash}O stable isotope ratio analyses due to possible influence of diagenetic alteration. We attribute the observed episodic methane expulsion events, as inferred from the negative δ13C excursions and earlier reports on the occurrence chemosynthetic bivalves and Mo concentration anomaly to the destabilization of the base of gas hydrate stability zone (BGHSZ). Sea level drop and shale tectonics induced focused fluid flow are the two possible causes of hydrate destabilization discussed here. Shale tectonics were possibly responsible for creating fault systems which acted as the conduit for gas flow through the sediment column and subsequent seepage. Shale and salt tectonics in the passive continental margins being a globally observed phenomenon, its role as an important driving force for enhanced methane emission needs detailed investigation to understand the climatic perturbations through geologic time. Additional evidence of methane emission from site MD161-15 further supports the link between shale tectonics and methane emission.},
	issn = {0264-8172},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.08.013},
	author = {Joshi, R. K. and Mazumdar, A. and Peketi, A. and Ramamurty, P. B. and Naik, B. G. and Kocherla, M. and Carvalho, Mary Ann and Mahalakshmi, P. and Dewangan, P. and Ramana, M. V.}
}
@article {70,
	title = {A Geochemical Approach to Determine Sources and Movement of Saline Groundwater in a Coastal Aquifer},
	journal = {Groundwater},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {756-768},
	abstract = {Geochemical evaluation of the sources and movement of saline groundwater in coastal aquifers can aid in the initial mapping of the subsurface when geological information is unavailable. Chloride concentrations of groundwater in a coastal aquifer near San Diego, California, range from about 57 to 39,400 mg/L. On the basis of relative proportions of major-ions, the chemical composition is classified as Na-Ca-Cl-SO4, Na-Cl, or Na-Ca-Cl type water. ?2H and ?18O values range from ?47.7? to ?12.8? and from ?7.0? to ?1.2?, respectively. The isotopically depleted groundwater occurs in the deeper part of the coastal aquifer, and the isotopically enriched groundwater occurs in zones of sea water intrusion. 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from about 0.7050 to 0.7090, and differ between shallower and deeper flow paths in the coastal aquifer. 3H and 14C analyses indicate that most of the groundwater was recharged many thousands of years ago. The analysis of multiple chemical and isotopic tracers indicates that the sources and movement of saline groundwater in the San Diego coastal aquifer are dominated by: (1) recharge of local precipitation in relatively shallow parts of the flow system; (2) regional flow of recharge of higher-elevation precipitation along deep flow paths that freshen a previously saline aquifer; and (3) intrusion of sea water that entered the aquifer primarily during premodern times. Two northwest-to-southeast trending sections show the spatial distribution of the different geochemical groups and suggest the subsurface in the coastal aquifer can be separated into two predominant hydrostratigraphic layers.},
	issn = {1745-6584},
	doi = {10.1111/gwat.12108},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12108},
	author = {Anders, Robert and Mendez, Gregory O. and Futa, Kiyoto and Danskin, Wesley R.}
}
@article {39,
	title = {Holocene glacier history of the Lago Argentino basin, Southern Patagonian Icefield},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {101},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {124-145},
	abstract = {We present new geomorphic, stratigraphic, and chronologic data for Holocene glacier fluctuations in the Lago Argentino basin on the eastern side of the southern Patagonian Andes. Chronologic control is based on 14C and surface-exposure 10Be dating. After the Lateglacial maximum at 13,000 cal yrs BP, the large ice lobes that filled the eastern reaches of Lago Argentino retreated and separated into individual outlet glaciers; this recession was interrupted only by a stillstand or minor readvance at 12,200 cal yrs BP. The eight largest of these individual outlet glaciers are, from north to south: Upsala, Agassiz, Onelli, Spegazzini, Mayo, Ameghino, Perito Moreno, and Grande (formerly Fr{\'\i}as). Holocene recession of Upsala Glacier exposed Brazo Cristina more than 10,115 {\textpm} 100 cal yrs BP, and reached inboard of the Holocene moraines in Agassiz Este Valley by 9205 {\textpm} 85 cal yrs BP; ice remained in an inboard position until 7730 {\textpm} 50 cal yrs BP. Several subsequent glacier readvances are well documented for the Upsala and Fr{\'\i}as glaciers. The Upsala Glacier readvanced at least seven times, the first being a relatively minor expansion {\textendash} documented only in stratigraphic sections {\textendash} between 7730 {\textpm} 50 and 7210 {\textpm} 45 cal yrs BP. The most extensive Holocene advances of Upsala Glacier resulted in the deposition of the Pearson 1 moraines and related landforms, which are divided into three systems. The Pearson 1a advance occurred about 6000{\textendash}5000 cal yrs BP and was followed by the slightly less-extensive Pearson 1b and 1c advances dated to 2500{\textendash}2000 and 1500{\textendash}1100 cal yrs BP, respectively. Subsequent advances of Upsala Glacier resulted in deposition of the Pearson 2 moraines and corresponding landforms, also separated into three systems, Pearson 2a, 2b, and 2c, constructed respectively at \~{}700, >400, and <300 cal yrs BP to the early 20th century. Similar advances are also recorded by moraine systems in front of Grande Glacier and herein separated into the Fr{\'\i}as 1 and Fr{\'\i}as 2a, 2b, and 2c. The Onelli and Ameghino glacier valleys also preserve older Holocene moraines. In the Agassiz, Spegazzini, and Mayo valleys, ice of the late-Holocene advances appears to have overridden landforms equivalent in age to Pearson 1. Perito Moreno Glacier is an extreme case in which ice of historical (Pearson 2c) advances overrode all older Holocene moraines. Based on the distribution and number of moraines preserved, we infer that the response to climate differed among the Lago Argentino outlet glaciers during the Holocene. This led us to examine the effects of climatic and non-climatic factors on individual glaciers. As a consequence, we detected an important effect of the valley geometry (hypsometry) on the timing and magnitude of glacier response to climate change. These results indicate that caution is needed in correlating moraines among glacier forefields without firm morpho-stratigraphic and age control. Finally, we note important similarities and differences between the overall moraine chronology in the Lago Argentino basin and that in other areas of southern South America and elsewhere in the Southern Hemisphere.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.06.026},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379114002558},
	author = {Strelin, Jorge A. and Kaplan, Michael R. and Vandergoes, Marcus J. and Denton, George H. and Schaefer, Joerg M.}
}
@article {69,
	title = {Holocene sea-surface temperature variability in the Chilean fjord region},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {342-353},
	abstract = {Here we provide three new Holocene (11{\textendash}0 cal ka BP) alkenone-derived sea surface temperature (SST) records from the southernmost Chilean fjord region (50{\textendash}53{\textdegree}S). SST estimates may be biased towards summer temperature in this region, as revealed by a large set of surface sediments. The Holocene records show consistently warmer than present-day SSTs except for the past ~ 0.6 cal ka BP. However, they do not exhibit an early Holocene temperature optimum as registered further north off Chile and in Antarctica. This may have resulted from a combination of factors including decreased inflow of warmer open marine waters due to lower sea-level stands, enhanced advection of colder and fresher inner fjord waters, and stronger westerly winds. During the mid-Holocene, pronounced short-term variations of up to 2.5{\textdegree}C and a cooling centered at ~ 5 cal ka BP, which coincides with the first Neoglacial glacier advance in the Southern Andes, are recorded. The latest Holocene is characterized by two pronounced cold events centered at ~ 0.6 and 0.25 cal ka BP, i.e., during the Little Ice Age. These cold events have lower amplitudes in the offshore records, suggesting an amplification of the SST signal in the inner fjords.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2014.07.009},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589414000933},
	author = {Caniup{\'a}n, Magaly and Lamy, Frank and Lange, Carina B. and Kaiser, J{\'e}r{\^o}me and Kilian, Rolf and Arz, Helge W. and Le{\'o}n, Tania and Mollenhauer, Gesine and Sandoval, Susana and De Pol-Holz, Ricardo and Pantoja, Silvio and Wellner, Julia and Tiedemann, Ralf}
}
@article {2585,
	title = {Indonesian vegetation response to changes in rainfall seasonality over the past 25,000 years},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {7449278721172063253871891072011563523665412739429544323},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-06-2014},
	pages = {513 - 517},
	abstract = {The hydrologic response to climate forcing in the Indo-Pacific warm pool region has varied spatially over the past 25,000 years1, 2, 3, 4, 5. For example, drier conditions are inferred on Java and Borneo for the period following the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, whereas wetter conditions are reconstructed for northwest Australia4. The response of vegetation to these past rainfall variations is poorly constrained. Using a suite of 30 surface marine sediment samples from throughout the Indo-Pacific warm pool, we demonstrate that today the stable isotopic composition of vascular plant fatty acids (δ13Cfa) reflects the regional vegetation composition. This in turn is controlled by the seasonality of rainfall consistent with dry season water stress6. Applying this proxy in a sediment core from offshore northeast Borneo, we show broadly similar vegetation cover during the Last Glacial Maximum and the Holocene, suggesting that, despite generally drier glacial conditions1, 7, there was no pronounced dry season. In contrast, δ13Cfa and pollen data from a core off the coast of Sumba indicate an expansion of C4 herbs during the most recent glaciation, implying enhanced aridity and water stress during the dry season. Holocene vegetation trends are also consistent with a response to dry season water stress. We therefore conclude that vegetation in tropical monsoon regions is susceptible to increases in water stress arising from an enhanced seasonality of rainfall, as has occurred8 in past decades.},
	keywords = {Palaeoclimate, Palaeoecology},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/ngeo2182},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ngeo2182},
	author = {Dubois, Nathalie and Oppo, Delia W. and Galy, Valier V. and Mohtadi, Mahyar and van der Kaars, Sander and Tierney, Jessica E. and Rosenthal, Yair and Eglinton, Timothy I. and L?ckge, Andreas and Linsley, Braddock K.}
}
@article {51,
	title = {Late Holocene marine transgression and the drowning of a coastal forest: Lessons from the past, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {393},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {146-158},
	abstract = {Extra-tropical storms in the spring of 2010 swept the New England coastline resulting in significant erosion along South Cape Beach, a barrier system located on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The erosion revealed 111 subfossil stumps and a preserved peat outcrop. We hypothesize that the stumps represent an ancient Eastern Red cedar, Juniperus virginiana, stand growing in a back-barrier environment and drowned by episodic storm events and moderate rates of sea-level rise. Stumps, bivalves, and organic sediments, were radiocarbon dated using traditional and continuous-flow Atomic Mass Spectroscopy methods. Six sediment cores elucidated subsurface stratigraphy and environmental setting. Subfossil stumps ranged in age from 413 {\textpm} 80 to 1239 {\textpm} 53 calibrated years before present. We assume that this age represents the time at which the ancient trees were drowned by marine waters. Based on elevation and age, an 826 year rate of submergence was calculated at 0.73 mm/yr with an R2 value of 0.47. Core stratigraphy, microfossil assemblages, and radiocarbon ages indicate a dynamic barrier environment with frequent overwash and breaching events occurring during the past 500 years. Shoreline change analysis showed that between 1846 and 2008, the shoreline retreated landward by 70 m at a long-term rate of 0.43 m/yr. Future increases in the rate of sea-level rise, coupled with episodic storm events, will lead to the destruction of terrestrial environments at rate orders of magnitude greater than that during the time of the paleoforest.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.11.018},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003101821300521X},
	author = {Maio, Christopher V. and Gontz, Allen M. and Weidman, Christopher R. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {56,
	title = {Late Holocene sea- and land-level change on the U.S. southeastern Atlantic coast},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {357},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {90-100},
	abstract = {Late Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) reconstructions can be used to estimate rates of land-level (subsidence or uplift) change and therefore to modify global sea-level projections for regional conditions. These reconstructions also provide the long-term benchmark against which modern trends are compared and an opportunity to understand the response of sea level to past climate variability. To address a spatial absence of late Holocene data in Florida and Georgia, we reconstructed ~ 1.3 m of RSL rise in northeastern Florida (USA) during the past ~ 2600 years using plant remains and foraminifera in a dated core of high salt-marsh sediment. The reconstruction was fused with tide-gauge data from nearby Fernandina Beach, which measured 1.91 {\textpm} 0.26 mm/year of RSL rise since 1900 CE. The average rate of RSL rise prior to 1800 CE was 0.41 {\textpm} 0.08 mm/year. Assuming negligible change in global mean sea level from meltwater input/removal and thermal expansion/contraction, this sea-level history approximates net land-level (subsidence and geoid) change, principally from glacio-isostatic adjustment. Historic rates of rise commenced at 1850{\textendash}1890 CE and it is virtually certain (P = 0.99) that the average rate of 20th century RSL rise in northeastern Florida was faster than during any of the preceding 26 centuries. The linearity of RSL rise in Florida is in contrast to the variability reconstructed at sites further north on the U.S. Atlantic coast and may suggest a role for ocean dynamic effects in explaining these more variable RSL reconstructions. Comparison of the difference between reconstructed rates of late Holocene RSL rise and historic trends measured by tide gauges indicates that 20th century sea-level trends along the U.S. Atlantic coast were not dominated by the characteristic spatial fingerprint of melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2014.07.010},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322714002187},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C. and Bernhardt, Christopher E. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Kopp, Robert E. and Vane, Christopher H. and Peltier, W. Richard and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Parnell, Andrew C. and Cahill, Niamh}
}
@article {2497,
	title = {Late Holocene sea- and land-level change on the U.S. southeastern Atlantic coast},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {357},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-11-2014},
	pages = {90 - 100},
	abstract = {Late Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) reconstructions can be used to estimate rates of land-level (subsidence or uplift) change and therefore to modify global sea-level projections for regional conditions. These reconstructions also provide the long-term benchmark against which modern trends are compared and an opportunity to understand the response of sea level to past climate variability. To address a spatial absence of late Holocene data in Florida and Georgia, we reconstructed ~ 1.3 m of RSL rise in northeastern Florida (USA) during the past ~ 2600 years using plant remains and foraminifera in a dated core of high salt-marsh sediment. The reconstruction was fused with tide-gauge data from nearby Fernandina Beach, which measured 1.91 {\textpm} 0.26 mm/year of RSL rise since 1900 CE. The average rate of RSL rise prior to 1800 CE was 0.41 {\textpm} 0.08 mm/year. Assuming negligible change in global mean sea level from meltwater input/removal and thermal expansion/contraction, this sea-level history approximates net land-level (subsidence and geoid) change, principally from glacio-isostatic adjustment. Historic rates of rise commenced at 1850{\textendash}1890 CE and it is virtually certain (P = 0.99) that the average rate of 20th century RSL rise in northeastern Florida was faster than during any of the preceding 26 centuries. The linearity of RSL rise in Florida is in contrast to the variability reconstructed at sites further north on the U.S. Atlantic coast and may suggest a role for ocean dynamic effects in explaining these more variable RSL reconstructions. Comparison of the difference between reconstructed rates of late Holocene RSL rise and historic trends measured by tide gauges indicates that 20th century sea-level trends along the U.S. Atlantic coast were not dominated by the characteristic spatial fingerprint of melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet.},
	keywords = {florida, Foraminifera, Glacio-isostatic adjustment Greenland fingerprint, Salt marsh},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2014.07.010},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025322714002187http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0025322714002187?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0025322714002187?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C. and Bernhardt, Christopher E. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Kopp, Robert E. and Vane, Christopher H. and Peltier, W. Richard and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Parnell, Andrew C. and Cahill, Niamh}
}
@article {53,
	title = {Long-term hydrological changes in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (ODP-625B) during the Holocene and late Pleistocene inferred from organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {414},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {178-191},
	abstract = {Palynological analyses are used in conjunction with oxygen isotopes and Mg/Ca ratios in foraminifers in order to document the response of dinoflagellate cysts (dinocysts) assemblages to changing climate conditions in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico over the Holocene and late Pleistocene. During MIS 6, but also during the cooler phases of MIS 5, Impagidinium species and Operculodinium centrocarpum were dominating the assemblages. By contrast, during the last interglacial (LIG) and the Holocene, assemblages were mainly composed of Spiniferites taxa and characterized by high relative abundance of Spiniferites mirabilis-hyperacanthus, Operculodinium israelianum and/or Polysphaeridium zoharyi. These two periods exhibit ~ 1-2 {\textdegree}C difference in temperature as inferred from Mg/Ca ratios and show significantly distinct assemblages, with higher percentages of S. mirabilis during the LIG and higher percentages of P. zoharyi during the Holocene. This likely denotes important differences in the hydrogeographical conditions (e.g. surface circulation, bathymetric configuration) between the present and last interglacial. The importance of environmental parameters other than temperature and salinity for dinocyst assemblage dynamics is furthermore illustrated.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.08.019},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018214004258},
	author = {Limoges, Audrey and de Vernal, Anne and Van Nieuwenhove, Nicolas}
}
@article {2586,
	title = {North Atlantic forcing of tropical Indian Ocean climate},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {509},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jun-04-2016},
	pages = {76 - 80},
	abstract = {The response of the tropical climate in the Indian Ocean realm to abrupt climate change events in the North Atlantic Ocean is contentious. Repositioning of the intertropical convergence zone is thought to have been responsible for changes in tropical hydroclimate during North Atlantic cold spells1, 2, 3, 4, 5, but the dearth of high-resolution records outside the monsoon realm in the Indian Ocean precludes a full understanding of this remote relationship and its underlying mechanisms. Here we show that slowdowns of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during Heinrich stadials and the Younger Dryas stadial affected the tropical Indian Ocean hydroclimate through changes to the Hadley circulation including a southward shift in the rising branch (the intertropical convergence zone) and an overall weakening over the southern Indian Ocean. Our results are based on new, high-resolution sea surface temperature and seawater oxygen isotope records of well-dated sedimentary archives from the tropical eastern Indian Ocean for the past 45,000 years, combined with climate model simulations of Atlantic circulation slowdown under Marine Isotope Stages 2 and 3 boundary conditions. Similar conditions in the east and west of the basin rule out a zonal dipole structure as the dominant forcing of the tropical Indian Ocean hydroclimate of millennial-scale events. Results from our simulations and proxy data suggest dry conditions in the northern Indian Ocean realm and wet and warm conditions in the southern realm during North Atlantic cold spells.},
	keywords = {Palaeoceanography, Palaeoclimate},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature13196},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature13196},
	author = {Mohtadi, Mahyar and Prange, Matthias and Oppo, Delia W. and De Pol-Holz, Ricardo and Merkel, Ute and Zhang, Xiao and Steinke, Stephan and {\"u}ckge, Andreas}
}
@article {61,
	title = {Oceanographic regimes in the northwest Labrador Sea since Marine Isotope Stage 3 based on dinocyst and stable isotope proxy records},
	journal = {APEX II: Arctic Palaeoclimate and its Extremes},
	volume = {92},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {269-279},
	abstract = {Sea surface temperature (SST), salinity and density gradients in the upper water column of the northwest Labrador Sea have been reconstructed based on high resolution analysis of a core (HU2008-029-004PC) spanning the last \~{}36 ka, raised off Hudson Strait. The modern analogue technique was applied to dinocyst assemblages and combined with stable isotope data from Neogloboquadrina pachyderma left-coiled (Npl) for this purpose. Three oceanographic regimes were identified, broadly corresponding to the {\textquotedblleft}glacial{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}deglacial{\textquotedblright} and {\textquotedblleft}postglacial{\textquotedblright} intervals. The site remained under the direct influence of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) margin until the postglacial and did not record the B{\o}lling-Aller{\o}d warming and weakly recorded the Younger Dryas event. The {\textquotedblleft}glacial{\textquotedblright} regime lasted until \~{}12.2 cal ka BP. It was characterized by generally low concentrations of dinocysts within an assemblage indicative of quasi-perennial sea ice. The {\textquotedblleft}deglacial{\textquotedblright} regime (ca 12.2{\textendash}8.3 cal ka BP) was marked by increased biogenic fluxes and more diversified dinocyst assemblages and possibly an enhanced subsurface inflow of North East Atlantic Deep Water. Warm summer (\~{}11 {\textdegree}C) but low winter (\~{}0 {\textdegree}C) sea surface temperatures, sea ice cover during about 3 months per year, and low summer salinity (\~{}28) suggest strong stratification in the upper water layer in relation to meltwater supply from the LIS. Following the final drainage of glacial Lake Agassiz through Hudson Strait, which is dated here at \~{}8.3 cal ka BP, and the subsequent LIS collapse, increased summer salinity (up to \~{}35) was accompanied by a reduced seasonal gradient of sea surface temperature from winter (\~{}3.8 {\textdegree}C) to summer (\~{}8.6 {\textdegree}C) suggesting enhanced penetration of North Atlantic Water. Weakened stratification of the surface water layer then allowed for winter convection and Labrador Sea Water formation, which is consistent with increased Npl-δ13C values in response to higher ventilation of the subsurface water layer.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.010},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379113004915},
	author = {Gibb, Olivia T. and Hillaire-Marcel, Claude and de Vernal, Anne}
}
@article {49,
	title = {Pore-water chemistry of sediment cores off Mahanadi Basin, Bay of Bengal: Possible link to deep seated methane hydrate deposit},
	journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {162-175},
	abstract = {Organoclastic degradation and anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) are known to influence sulfate, methane and bicarbonate concentrations of sediment pore-waters. In this work we have analyzed the pore-fluid composition of three piston cores (36{\textendash}39 m long) collected from water depths ranging from 1429 to 1691 m. We attribute the observed linear sulfate concentration profiles and (ΔCa + ΔAlk)/ΔSO42- ratios dominantly to anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) induced sulfate consumption. The gas rich layers just below the base of hydrate stability zone (BGHSZ) is the possible source of the enhanced diffusive flux of biogenic methane ( δ 13 C CH 4 ranging from -99.7 to -106.3{\textperthousand} VPDB). Occurrences of disseminated gas hydrate in the Mahanadi Basin within the hydrate stability zone (210{\textendash}220 m thick) supports the link between linear sulfate profile, high rate of AOM and hydrate occurrence.},
	issn = {0264-8172},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.10.011},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264817213002638},
	author = {Mazumdar, A. and Peketi, A. and Joao, H. M. and Dewangan, P. and Ramprasad, T.}
}
@article {66,
	title = {Pre-aged plant waxes in tropical lake sediments and their influence on the chronology of molecular paleoclimate proxy records},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {141},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {346-364},
	abstract = {Sedimentary records of plant-wax hydrogen (δDwax) and carbon (δ13Cwax) stable isotopes are increasingly applied to infer past climate change. Compound-specific radiocarbon analyses, however, indicate that long time lags can occur between the synthesis of plant waxes and their subsequent deposition in marginal marine sediments. The influence of these time lags on interpretations of plant-wax stable isotope records is presently unconstrained, and it is unclear whether such time lags also affect lacustrine sediments. We present compound-specific radiocarbon (14Cwax) data for n-alkanoic acid plant waxes (n-C26 to n-C30) from: 1) a sediment core from Lake Chichancanab, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, 2) soils in the Lake Chichancanab catchment, and 3) surface sediments from three other lakes in southeastern Mexico and northern Guatemala. 14Cwax ages in the surface sediments are consistently older than modern, and may be negatively correlated with mean annual precipitation and positively correlated with lake catchment area. 14Cwax ages in soils surrounding Lake Chichancanab increase with soil depth, consistent with deep, subsoil horizons being the primary source of lacustrine aged plant waxes, which are likely delivered to lake sediments through subsurface transport. Plant waxes in the Lake Chichancanab core are 350 to 1200 years older than corresponding ages of bulk sediment deposition, determined by 14C dates on terrestrial plant macrofossils in the core. A δDwax time series is in closer agreement with other regional proxy hydroclimate records when a plant-wax 14C age model is applied, as opposed to the macrofossil-based core chronology. Inverse modeling of plant-wax age distribution parameters suggests that plant waxes in the Lake Chichancanab sediment core derive predominantly from millennial-age soil carbon pools that exhibit relatively little age variance (< 200 years). Our findings demonstrate that high-temporal-resolution climate records inferred from stable isotope measures on plant waxes in lacustrine sediments may suffer from possible chronologic distortions as a consequence of long residence times of plant waxes in soils. They also underscore the importance of direct radiocarbon dating of these organic molecules.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2014.06.030},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703714004451},
	author = {Douglas, Peter M. J. and Pagani, Mark and Eglinton, Tim E. and Brenner, Mark and Hodell, David A. and Curtis, Jason H. and Ma, Keith and Breckenridge, Andy}
}
@article { ISI:000348452800012,
	title = {Preferential burial of permafrost-derived organic carbon in Siberian-Arctic shelf waters},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS},
	volume = {119},
	number = {{12}},
	year = {2014},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {8410-8421},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The rapidly changing East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) receives large amounts of terrestrial organic carbon (OC) from coastal erosion and Russian-Arctic rivers. Climate warming increases thawing of coastal Ice Complex Deposits (ICD) and can change both the amount of released OC, as well as its propensity to be converted to greenhouse gases (fueling further global warming) or to be buried in coastal sediments. This study aimed to unravel the susceptibility to degradation, and transport and dispersal patterns of OC delivered to the ESAS. Bulk and molecular radiocarbon analyses on surface particulate matter (PM), sinking PM and underlying surface sediments illustrate the active release of old OC from coastal permafrost. Molecular tracers for recalcitrant soil OC showed ages of 3.4-13 C-14-ky in surface PM and 5.5-18 C-14-ky in surface sediments. The age difference of these markers between surface PM and surface sediments is larger (i) in regions with low OC accumulation rates, suggesting a weaker exchange between water column and sediments, and (ii) with increasing distance from the Lena River, suggesting preferential settling of fluvially derived old OC nearshore. A dual-carbon end-member mixing model showed that (i) contemporary terrestrial OC is dispersed mainly by horizontal transport while being subject to active degradation, (ii) marine OC is most affected by vertical transport and also actively degraded in the water column, and (iii) OC from ICD settles rapidly and dominates surface sediments. Preferential burial of ICD-OC released into ESAS coastal waters might therefore lower the suggested carbon cycle climate feedback from thawing ICD permafrost.},
	keywords = {biomarkers, carbon, permafrost, radiocarbon},
	issn = {2169-9275},
	doi = {10.1002/2014JC010261},
	author = {Vonk, Jorien E. and Semiletov, Igor P. and Dudarev, Oleg V. and Eglinton, Timothy I. and Andersson, August and Shakhova, Natalia and Charkin, Alexander and Heim, Birgit and Gustafsson, {\"O}rjan}
}
@article {2459,
	title = {Source and biolability of ancient dissolved organic matter in glacier and lake ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {142},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-10-2014},
	pages = {64 - 74},
	abstract = {The Tibetan Plateau is the world{\textquoteright}s largest and highest plateau and holds the largest mass of ice on Earth outside the ice-sheets of Greenland and Antarctica, as well as abundant lakes. This study examined the molecular and isotopic signatures of dissolved organic matter (DOM) along with its biolability in glacier ice, glacier-fed streams, and alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. The aim was to assess the sources of DOM and the potential of DOM to provide a carbon subsidy to downstream ecosystems. Tibetan glaciers and glacier streams exhibited low dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations (17.7{\textendash}27.9 μM) and ancient DOC radiocarbon ages (749{\textendash}2350 ybp). The optical properties, stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C-DOC) and the molecular composition (Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry) of Tibetan glacier DOM are consistent with data from other glacier systems around the world. The geochemical signatures and the ancient apparent ages of Tibetan glacier DOM suggest a significant fraction is derived from the atmospheric deposition of pre-aged, possibly fossil fuel derived organics. Within the Tibetan alpine lakes, DOC was also ancient (525{\textendash}675 ybp), due to either inputs of pre-aged organics from glacier runoff, direct deposition, or due to the aging of organics in situ (i.e. a radiocarbon reservoir effect). The glacier ice and glacier stream sites exhibited high biolability of DOC and so provide a carbon subsidy to downstream environments that will change as glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau recede.},
	issn = {00167037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2014.08.006},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016703714005018http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0016703714005018?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0016703714005018?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Spencer, Robert G.M. and Guo, Weidong and Raymond, Peter A. and Dittmar, Thorsten and Hood, Eran and Fellman, Jason and Stubbins, Aron}
}
@article { ISI:000372038300004,
	title = {Subsurface Evidence of Storm-Driven Breaching along a Transgressing Barrier System, Cape Cod, USA},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH},
	volume = {32},
	number = {{2}},
	year = {2014},
	month = {MAR},
	pages = {264-279},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Relict and historic tidal channels buried within coastal barriers provide a geologic signature of environmental change, thus enhancing our understanding of how barrier systems respond to extreme storm events. Earliest maps from 1846 depict three inlets along the Waquoit Bay barrier system located on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. These channels were not depicted on maps after 1846, and we lack any information pertaining to them before 1846. The principle objective of this study was to identify the location and map the internal geometry and channel-fill configuration of the buried inlet structures using geophysical and sedimentological data acquisition methods. This was done by collecting 6.2 km of shoreparallel ground-penetrating radar data and five sediment cores ranging in depth from 4 to 5 m. The sediment cores allowed for the ground truthing of the ground-penetrating radar data and provided six samples for radiocarbon dating. The 13 paleochannels identified ranged in depths from 1.3 to 3.7 m below the present beach surface. These appeared in the radar imagery as broad U-shaped cut-and-fill features incised into adjacent barrier facies. The 13 paleochannels composed 24\% of the barrier lithosome totaling 704 m in length. Individual channels were primarily less than 65 m in length and between 2.5 and 1.3 m in depth, although an additional 275-m-wide, 3.7-m-deep channel sequence was imaged and likely represents a major and long-lived paleochannel. The results will contribute toward deciphering the evolution of the Waquoit system and identify areas vulnerable to storm-driven coastal change.},
	keywords = {coastal change, Coastal evolution, ground-penetrating radar, marine transgression, overwash, paleochannel, paleogeography, South Cape Beach},
	issn = {0749-0208},
	doi = {10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-14-00109.1},
	author = {Maio, Christopher V. and Gontz, Allen M. and Sullivan, Richard M. and Madsen, Stephanie M. and Weidman, Christopher R. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {38,
	title = {Unusual C35 to C38 alkenones in mid-Holocene sediments from a restricted estuary (Charlotte Harbor, Florida)},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {20-28},
	abstract = {Unusual C35 to C38 alkenones were identified in mid-Holocene (8{\textendash}3.5 kyr BP) sediments from a restricted estuary in southwest Florida (Charlotte Harbor). The distribution was dominated by a C36 diunsaturated (ω15,20) ethyl ketone, identical to the one present in Black Sea Unit 2 sediments. Other unusual alkenones were tentatively assigned as a C35:2 (ω15,20) methyl ketone, a C37:2 (ω17,22) methyl ketone and a C38:2 (ω17,22) ethyl ketone. In late Holocene sediments < 3.5 kyr BP, the common C37 to C39 alkenones were found. Compound-specific 14C, 13C, and D isotope measurements were used to constrain the possible origin of the alkenones. Conventional radiocarbon ages of alkenones and higher plant-derived long chain n-alcohols indicated no significant difference in age between mid-Holocene alkenones and higher plant n-alcohols. Both alcohols and alkenones were offset vs. calibrated ages of shell fragments in the same sediment core, which suggests they were pre-aged by 500{\textendash}800 yr, implying resuspension and redistribution of the fine-grained sedimentary particles with which they are associated. The hydrogen isotopic (δD) composition (-190{\textperthousand} to -200{\textperthousand}) of the C37 and C38 alkenones in the late Holocene sediments is in line with values for coastal haptophytes in brackish water. However, the unusual C36 and C38 alkenones from the mid Holocene sediments were enriched in D (by ca. 100{\textperthousand}) vs. the late Holocene alkenones. Also, δ13C values of mid-Holocene alkenones were consistently offset compared with late Holocene alkenones (-21{\textperthousand} to -22{\textperthousand} and -22{\textperthousand} to -23{\textperthousand}, respectively). We suggest that the alkenones in Charlotte Harbor were produced by unknown alkenone-producing haptophyte.},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.01.021},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638014000345},
	author = {van Soelen, E. E. and Lammers, J. M. and Eglinton, T. I. and Sinninghe Damst{\'e}, J. S. and Reichart, G. J.}
}
@article {2593,
	title = {Uplift and subsidence reveal a nonpersistent megathrust rupture boundary (Sitkinak Island, Alaska)},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Apr-04-2015},
	pages = {2289 - 2296},
	abstract = {We report stratigraphic evidence of land-level change and tsunami inundation along the Alaska-Aleutian megathrust during prehistoric and historical earthquakes west of Kodiak Island. On Sitkinak Island, cores and tidal outcrops fringing a lagoon reveal five sharp lithologic contacts that record coseismic land-level change. Radiocarbon dates, 137Cs profiles, computerized tomography scans, and microfossil assemblages are consistent with rapid uplift circa 290{\textendash}0, 520{\textendash}300, and 1050{\textendash}790 cal yr B.P. and subsidence in A.D. 1964 and circa 640{\textendash}510 cal yr B.P. Radiocarbon, 137Cs, and 210Pb ages bracketing a sand bed traced 1.5 km inland and evidence for sudden uplift are consistent with Russian accounts of an earthquake and tsunami in A.D. 1788. The mixed uplift and subsidence record suggests that Sitkinak Island sits above a nonpersistent boundary near the southwestern limit of the A.D. 1964 Mw 9.2 megathrust rupture.},
	doi = {10.1002/2014GL059380},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014GL059380},
	author = {Briggs, Richard W. and Engelhart, Simon E. and Nelson, Alan R. and Dura, Tina and Kemp, Andrew C. and Haeussler, Peter J. and Corbett, D. Reide and Angster, Stephen J. and Bradley, Lee-Ann}
}
@article {68,
	title = {Using Natural Abundance Radiocarbon To Trace the Flux of Petrocarbon to the Seafloor Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill},
	journal = {Environmental science \& technology},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {In 2010, the Deepwater Horizon accident released 4.6?6.0 ? 1011 grams or 4.1 to 4.6 million barrels of fossil petroleum derived carbon (petrocarbon) as oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Natural abundance radiocarbon measurements on surface sediment organic matter in a 2.4 ? 1010 m2 deep-water region surrounding the spill site indicate the deposition of a fossil-carbon containing layer that included 1.6 to 2.6 ? 1010 grams of oil-derived carbon. This quantity represents between 0.5 to 9.1\% of the released petrocarbon, with a best estimate of 3.0?4.9\%. These values may be lower limit estimates of the fraction of the oil that was deposited on the seafloor because they focus on a limited mostly deep-water area of the Gulf, include a conservative estimate of thickness of the depositional layer, and use an average background or prespill radiocarbon value for sedimentary organic carbon that produces a conservative value. A similar approach using hopane tracer estimated that 4?31\% of 2 million barrels of oil that stayed in the deep sea settled on the bottom. Converting that to a percentage of the total oil that entered into the environment (to which we normalized our estimate) converts this range to 1.8 to 14.4\%. Although extrapolated over a larger area, our independent estimate produced similar values.; In 2010, the Deepwater Horizon accident released 4.6?6.0 ? 1011 grams or 4.1 to 4.6 million barrels of fossil petroleum derived carbon (petrocarbon) as oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Natural abundance radiocarbon measurements on surface sediment organic matter in a 2.4 ? 1010 m2 deep-water region surrounding the spill site indicate the deposition of a fossil-carbon containing layer that included 1.6 to 2.6 ? 1010 grams of oil-derived carbon. This quantity represents between 0.5 to 9.1\% of the released petrocarbon, with a best estimate of 3.0?4.9\%. These values may be lower limit estimates of the fraction of the oil that was deposited on the seafloor because they focus on a limited mostly deep-water area of the Gulf, include a conservative estimate of thickness of the depositional layer, and use an average background or prespill radiocarbon value for sedimentary organic carbon that produces a conservative value. A similar approach using hopane tracer estimated that 4?31\% of 2 million barrels of oil that stayed in the deep sea settled on the bottom. Converting that to a percentage of the total oil that entered into the environment (to which we normalized our estimate) converts this range to 1.8 to 14.4\%. Although extrapolated over a larger area, our independent estimate produced similar values.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/es5046524},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es5046524},
	author = {Chanton, Jeffrey and Zhao, Tingting and Rosenheim, Brad E. and Joye, Samantha and Bosman, Samantha and Brunner, Charlotte and Yeager, Kevin M. and Diercks, Arne R. and Hollander, David}
}
@article {111,
	title = {After the lava flow: The importance of external soil sources for plant colonization of recent lava flows in the central Oregon Cascades, USA},
	journal = {Geomorphology},
	volume = {202},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2321},
	pages = {15-32},
	abstract = {Effusive volcanic eruptions repave landscapes rapidly with lava flows, resetting broad areas of the underlying landscape and ecosystem. The unique physical properties of lava pose interesting challenges for ecologic recovery, as lava is dense, sterile, and generally inhospitable towards life. In this study we examine two sites of recent volcanism in the central Oregon Cascades, notable for the juxtaposition of barren exposed lava and mature forests on lava flows of the same or roughly the same age. We use a combination of LiDAR analyses, field observations, and soil characterization to examine soil and vegetation at these two sites, and find that the presence of an external sediment or soil source, particularly flood-borne deposits or syn- or post-eruptive tephra, greatly facilitates plant establishment, growth, and survival. The nature of the external sources of sediment or soil dictates the geographic extent of forests on these young lava flows: flood-borne deposits cover localized regions near river channels, while tephra can cover large regions. In general, our results suggest that external sources of soil provide a substrate for plants to grow in along with key nutrients and sufficient moisture retention. We conclude that external sources of soil source are key for the initial recovery following an effusive volcanic disturbance, in particular in temperate climates. Thus, unrelated geomorphic processes, such as past glaciations that provide local sources of mobile sediments, or concurrent volcanic processes, such as tephra production, dictate the presence or absence of forests on young lava flows.},
	issn = {0169-555X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.12.009},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X12005582},
	author = {Deligne, Natalia I. and Cashman, Katharine V. and Roering, Joshua J.}
}
@article { ISI:000319344100038,
	title = {Annually Resolved Ice Core Records of Tropical Climate Variability over the Past similar to 1800 Years},
	journal = {SCIENCE},
	volume = {340},
	number = {{6135}},
	year = {2013},
	month = {MAY 24},
	pages = {945-950},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Ice cores from low Latitudes can provide a wealth of unique information about past climate in the tropics, but they are difficult to recover and few exist. Here, we report annually resolved ice core records from the Quelccaya ice cap (5670 meters above sea level) in Peru that extend back similar to 1800 years and provide a high-resolution record of climate variability there. Oxygen isotopic ratios (delta O-18) are linked to sea surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific, whereas concentrations of ammonium and nitrate document the dominant role played by the migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the region of the tropical Andes. Quetccaya continues to retreat and thin. Radiocarbon dates on wetland plants exposed along its retreating margins indicate that it has not been smaller for at least six millennia.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1234210},
	author = {Thompson, L. G. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Davis, M. E. and Zagorodnov, V. S. and Howat, I. M. and Mikhatenko, V. N. and Lin, P. -N.}
}
@article {113,
	title = {Deciphering hemipelagites from homogenites through anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. Paleoseismic implications (Sea of Marmara and Gulf of Corinth)},
	journal = {Sedimentary Geology},
	volume = {292},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1-14},
	abstract = {In closed marine basins and large lakes, gravity re-depositional processes often result in specific turbidites with two abruptly separated layers: a coarse graded lower term and an upper homogenous fine-grained term. An additional mixed term generally occurs in between, indicating to and from particle displacements. The later ones are related to oscillating bottom currents responsible for a high increase of the fine fraction segregation, within the reworked wasted mass. The whole sedimentary event is the association {\textquotedblleft}homogenite + turbidite{\textquotedblright} (HmTu), which specific a settling condition area here characterized through Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS). Homogenites{\textquoteright}s magnetic foliation appears anomalously high with respect to their expected state of compaction, and strikingly higher than hemipelagites{\textquoteright}s values. We applied this approach to Late Pleistocene/Holocene sediments from the Sea of Marmara and from the Gulf of Corinth. Grain-size and other magnetic parameters related to mineralogy are added to better assess the granular array influence on AMS. As HmTu is considered as often related to earthquake-triggering and tsunami/seiche effects, AMS appears as a useful tool for subaqueous paleoseismic investigations. First, it may evidence the signature of paleo-earthquakes; second, it permits to decipher hemipelagic intervals which are inferred to represent the time elapsed between two successive reworking events.},
	issn = {0037-0738},
	doi = {10.1016/j.sedgeo.2013.03.015},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0037073813000614},
	author = {Campos, Corina and Beck, Christian and Crouzet, Christian and Demory, Fran{\c c}ois and Van Welden, Aur{\'e}lien and Eris, Kadir}
}
@article {2555,
	title = {Evidence for a transgressive barrier within a regressive strandplain system: Implications for complex coastal response to environmental change},
	journal = {Sedimentology},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-02-2013},
	pages = {469 - 502},
	abstract = {Clastic, depositional strandplain systems have the potential to record changes in the primary drivers of coastal evolution: climate, sea-level, and the frequency of major meteorological and oceanographic events. This study seeks to use one such record from a southern Brazilian strandplain to highlight the potentially-complex nature of coastal sedimentological response to small changes in these drivers. Following a 2 to 4 m highstand at ca 5{\textperiodcentered}8 ka in southern Brazil, falling sea-level reworked shelf sediment onshore, forcing coastal progradation, smoothing the irregular coastline and forming the 5 km wide Pinheira Strandplain, composed of ca 500 successive beach and dune ridges. Sediment cores, grab samples and >11 km of ground-penetrating radar profiles reveal that the strandplain sequence is composed of well-sorted, fine to very-fine quartz sand. Since the mid-Holocene highstand, the shoreline prograded at a rate of ca 1 to 2 m yr-1 through the deposition of a 4 to 6 m thick shoreface unit; a 1 to 3 m thick foreshore unit containing ubiquitous ridge and runnel facies; and an uppermost beach and foredune unit. However, the discovery of a linear, 100 m wide barrier ridge with associated washover units, a 3 to 4 m deep lagoon and 250 m wide tidal inlet within the strandplain sequence reveals a period of shoreline transgression at 3{\textperiodcentered}3 to 2{\textperiodcentered}8 ka during the otherwise regressive developmental history of the plain. The protected nature of Pinheira largely buffered it from changes in precipitation patterns, wave energy and fluvial sediment supply during the time of its formation. However, multiple lines of evidence indicate that a change in the rate of relative sea-level fall, probably due to either steric or ice-volume effects, may have affected this coastline. Thus, whereas these other potential drivers cannot be fully discounted, this study provides insights into the complexity of decadal-scale to millennial-scale coastal response to likely variability in sea-level change rates.},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3091.2012.01348.x},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2012.01348.x},
	author = {Hein, Christopher J. and FitzGerald, Duncan M. and Cleary, William J. and ALBERNAZ, MARCIO B. and De MENEZES, JOAO THADEU and Klein, Antonio H. da F.}
}
@article {2508,
	title = {Export of submicron particulate organic matter to mesopelagic depth in an oligotrophic gyre},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {110},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jun-07-2015},
	pages = {12565 - 12570},
	abstract = {Sixty percent of the world ocean by area is contained in oligotrophic gyres [Longhurst A (1995) Prog Oceanog 36:77-16], the biomass of which is dominated by picophytoplankton, including cyanobacteria and picoeukaryotic algae, as well as picoheterotrophs. Despite their recognized importance in carbon cycling in the surface ocean, the role of small cells and their detrital remains in the transfer of particulate organic matter (POM) to the deep ocean remains disputed. Because oligotrophic marine conditions are projected to expand under current climate trends, a better understanding of the role of small particles in the global carbon cycle is a timely goal. Here we use the lipid profiles, radiocarbon, and stable carbon isotopic signatures of lipids from the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre to show that in the surface ocean, lipids from submicron POM (here called extra-small POM) are distinct from larger classes of suspended POM. Remarkably, this distinct extra-small POM signature dominates the total lipids collected at mesopelagic depth, suggesting that the lipid component of mesopelagic POM primarily contains the exported remains of small particles. Transfer of submicron material to mesopelagic depths in this location is consistent with model results that claim the biological origin of exported carbon should be proportional to the distribution of cell types in the surface community, irrespective of cell size [Richardson TL, Jackson GA (2007) Science 315:838-840]. Our data suggest that the submicron component of exported POM is an important contributor to the global biological pump, especially in oligotrophic waters. 
},
	keywords = {Biogeochemistry, biomarkers, carbon isotopes, Oceanography},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1217514110},
	url = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1217514110https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1073/pnas.1217514110},
	author = {Close, H. G. and Shah, S. R. and Ingalls, A. E. and Diefendorf, A. F. and Brodie, E. L. and Hansman, R. L. and Freeman, K. H. and Aluwihare, L. I. and Pearson, A.}
}
@article {104,
	title = {Extensive recession of Cordillera Darwin glaciers in southernmost South America during Heinrich Stadial 1},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2331},
	pages = {49-55},
	abstract = {The geographic expression and phasing of events during the last termination are important for isolating mechanisms that caused Earth to emerge from the last ice age. Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1; 14,600{\textendash}18,000 yr BP) is a key because of the central role that its far-field effects had on the last termination in the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we present new data from Cordillera Darwin that show rapid glacier recession in southern South America during HS1. This retreat was coeval with ice recession elsewhere in South America and New Zealand, with increased upwelling in the Southern Ocean, with warming of SSTs offshore of Chile, and with a rise in atmospheric CO2. Together, these data indicate a coherent and rapid response to the effects of HS1 in the middle and high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.026},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112005057},
	author = {Hall, Brenda L. and Porter, Charles T. and Denton, George H. and Lowell, Thomas V. and Bromley, Gordon R. M.}
}
@article {2500,
	title = {Heightened hurricane activity on the Little Bahama Bank from 1350 to 1650 AD},
	journal = {Elsevier},
	volume = {86},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {103-115},
	abstract = {Deciphering how the climate system has controlled North Atlantic tropical cyclone activity through the Holocene will require a larger observational network of prehistoric hurricane activity. Problematically, the tropical North Atlantic is dominated by carbonate landscapes that typically preserve poorer quality coastal sediment records in comparison to their temperate-region counterparts (e.g., sedimentation continuity and rate). Coastal karst basins (CKBs), such as sinkholes, blueholes, and underwater caves, are widely distributed on carbonate platforms and contain overlooked sedimentary records. Here we present a millennium of hurricane deposits on the Little Bahama Bank archived in a 165 cm core that was extracted from 69 m below sea level in a bluehole on Great Abaco Island, The Bahamas. The coarse- grained overwash deposits associated with both hurricanes Jeanne (2004) and Floyd (1999) were identified using radioisotopes (137Cs,14
C,210Pb), and indicate that the bluehole is sensitive to hurricane- induced sedimentation. Over the last millennium, the Little Bahama Bank experienced heightened hurricane activity from 1350 to 1650 AD. The simplest explanation for this active interval is that favorable climate conditions (El Ni{\~n}o, West African Monsoon, and sea surface temperatures) encouraged North Atlantic hurricane activity at that time. However, asynchronous hurricane activity at similar latitudes in
the North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico suggest that regional oceanography has modulated or amplified regional hurricane activity over the last millennium.},
	keywords = {Abaco, Bahamas, Blue hole, hurricanes, Paleotempestology},
	issn = {0278-4343},
	author = {van Hengstum, P.J. and Donnelly, J.P. and Toomey, M.R and Albury, N.A. and Lane, P. and Kakuk, B.}
}
@article {92,
	title = {Late Holocene expansion of Istorvet ice cap, Liverpool Land, east Greenland},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2290},
	pages = {128-140},
	abstract = {The Greenland Ice Sheet is undergoing dynamic changes that will have global implications if they continue into the future. In this regard, an understanding of how the ice sheet responded to past climate changes affords a baseline for anticipating future behavior. Small, independent ice caps adjacent to the Greenland Ice Sheet (hereinafter called {\textquotedblleft}local ice caps{\textquotedblright}) are sensitive indicators of the response of Greenland ice-marginal zones to climate change. Therefore, we reconstructed late Holocene ice-marginal fluctuations of the local Istorvet ice cap in east Greenland, using radiocarbon dates of subfossil plants, 10Be dates of surface boulders, and analyses of sediment cores from both threshold and control lakes. During the last termination, the Istorvet ice cap had retreated close to its maximum Holocene position by \~{}11,730 cal yr BP. Radiocarbon dates of subfossil plants exposed by recent recession of the ice margin indicate that the Istorvet cap was smaller than at present from AD 200 to AD 1025. Sediments from a threshold lake show no glacial input until the ice cap advanced to within 365 m of its Holocene maximum position by \~{}AD 1150. Thereafter the ice cap remained at or close to this position until at least AD 1660. The timing of this, the most extensive of the Holocene, expansion is similar to that recorded at some glaciers in the Alps and in southern Alaska. However, in contrast to these other regions, the expansion in east Greenland at AD 1150 appears to have been very close to, if not at, a maximum Holocene value. Comparison of the Istorvet ice-cap fluctuations with Holocene glacier extents in Southern Hemisphere middle-to-high latitude locations on the Antarctic Peninsula and in the Andes and the Southern Alps suggests an out-of-phase relationship. If correct, this pattern supports the hypothesis that a bipolar see-saw of oceanic and/or atmospheric circulation during the Holocene produced asynchronous glacier response at some localities in the two polar hemispheres.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.012},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112004830},
	author = {Lowell, Thomas V. and Hall, Brenda L. and Kelly, Meredith A. and Bennike, Ole and Lusas, Amanda R. and Honsaker, William and Smith, Colby A. and Levy, Laura B. and Travis, Scott and Denton, George H.}
}
@article {2499,
	title = {Late Holocene sedimentation and hydrologic development in a shallow coastal sinkhole on Great Abaco Island, The Bahamas},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {317},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-12-2013},
	pages = {118 - 132},
	abstract = {It remains poorly understood how sea level drives environmental change and hydrographic development in coastal karst basins (underwater caves, sinkholes, blueholes, etc.) over millennial timescales. It was previously hypothesized that coastal karst basins (CKBs) transition from vadose, to littoral, then anchialine, and finally submarine environments as sea-level rise inundates coastal karst landscapes, but the initial flooding event of CKBs remains challenging to sample. Runway Sinkhole hosts a modern anchialine ecosystem located \~{}225 m from Great Abaco Island coastline in The Bahamas, and its shallow water depth (\~{}1.8 mbsl) permits an investigation into the early environmental evolution and hydrographic development in a CKBs after inundation by sea-level rise. Four sediment cores were collected from Runway Sinkhole, and late Holocene environmental change was reconstructed with benthic foraminiferal paleoecology, organic matter geochemistry (OM\%, δ13Corg, and C:N), X-radiography, and radiocarbon dating. Despite some uncertainties associated with the chronology, it appears that Holocene sea-level rise initially flooded Runway Sinkhole and created a littoral environment at least by \~{}3.9 ka, whereafter a detrital peat deposit accumulated in the sinkhole. This detrital peat had a high organic matter content (mean 88\%), a δ13Corg value indicative of organic matter derived from C3 plants including mangroves (-28{\textperthousand}), and an unknown calcareous microfossil suggestive of a non-marine habitat in the sinkhole. A shift to carbonate sand deposition, organic matter with more marine-influenced δ13Corg values (-23{\textperthousand}), and expansion of euryhaline (Bolivina striatula, Elphidium poeyanum, and Triloculina bermudezi) and anchialine (Physalidia simplex and Conicospirillina exleyi) benthic foraminifera at \~{}1.2 ka marks the onset of modern anchialine environmental conditions at the sediment{\textendash}water interface (\~{}1.8 mbsl). These results suggest that relative sea-level rise in the Bahamas forced environmental change in Runway sinkhole at \~{}1.2 ka, and indicate that peat deposits in coastal sinkholes must be verified as in-situ before being utilized as sea-level indicators.},
	issn = {10406182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2013.09.032},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1040618213007507http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1040618213007507?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1040618213007507?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Kovacs, Shawn E. and van Hengstum, Peter J. and Reinhardt, Eduard G. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Albury, Nancy A.}
}
@article {2547,
	title = {Long-term variations in Iceland{\textendash}Scotland overflow strength during the Holocene},
	journal = {Climate of the Past},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-01-2013},
	pages = {2073 - 2084},
	abstract = {The overflow of deep water from the Nordic seas into the North Atlantic plays a critical role in global ocean circulation and climate. Approximately half of this overflow occurs via the Iceland{\textendash}Scotland (I{\textendash}S) overflow, yet the history of its strength throughout the Holocene (~ 0{\textendash}11 700 yr ago, ka) is poorly constrained, with previous studies presenting apparently contradictory evidence regarding its long-term variability. Here, we provide a comprehensive reconstruction of I{\textendash}S overflow strength throughout the Holocene using sediment grain size data from a depth transect of 13 cores from the Iceland Basin. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the main axis of the I{\textendash}S overflow on the Iceland slope was shallower during the early Holocene, deepening to its present depth by ~ 7 ka. Our results also reveal weaker I{\textendash}S overflow during the early and late Holocene, with maximum overflow strength occurring at ~ 7 ka, the time of a regional climate thermal maximum. Climate model simulations suggest a shoaling of deep convection in the Nordic seas during the early and late Holocene, consistent with our evidence for weaker I{\textendash}S overflow during these intervals. Whereas the reduction in I{\textendash}S overflow strength during the early Holocene likely resulted from melting remnant glacial ice sheets, the decline throughout the last 7000 yr was caused by an orbitally induced increase in the amount of Arctic sea ice entering the Nordic seas. Although the flux of Arctic sea ice to the Nordic seas is expected to decrease throughout the next century, model simulations predict that under high emissions scenarios, competing effects, such as warmer sea surface temperatures in the Nordic seas, will result in reduced deep convection, likely driving a weaker I{\textendash}S overflow.},
	doi = {10.5194/cp-9-2073-201310.5194/cp-9-2073-2013-supplement},
	url = {http://www.clim-past.net/9/2073/2013},
	author = {Thornalley, D. J. R. and Blaschek, M. and Davies, F. J. and Praetorius, S. and Oppo, D. W. and McManus, J. F. and Hall, I. R. and Kleiven, H. and Renssen, H. and McCave, I. N.}
}
@article {105,
	title = {Maintenance of large deltas through channelization: Nature vs. humans in the Danube delta},
	journal = {Anthropocene},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {35-45},
	abstract = {Over the last half century, while the total sediment load of the Danube dramatically decreased due to dam construction on tributaries and its main stem, a grand experiment was inadvertently run in the Danube delta: the construction of a dense network of canals, which almost tripled the water discharge toward the interior of the delta plain. We use core-based and chart-based sedimentation rates and patterns to explore the delta transition from the natural to an anthropogenic regime, to understand the effects of far-field damming and near-field channelization, and to construct a conceptual model for delta development as a function sediment partition between the delta plain and the delta coastal fringe. We show that sediment fluxes increased to the delta plain due to channelization counteracting sea level rise. In turn, the delta coastal fringe was most impacted by the Danube{\textquoteright}s sediment load collapse. Furthermore, we suggest that morphodynamic feedbacks at the river mouth are crucial in trapping sediment near the coast and constructing wave-dominated deltas or lobes. Finally, we suggest that increased channelization that mimics and enhances natural processes may provide a simple solution for keeping other delta plains above sea level and that abandonment of wave-dominated lobes may be the most long term efficient solution for protecting the internal fluvial regions of deltas and provide new coastal growth downcoast.},
	issn = {2213-3054},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ancene.2013.09.001},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221330541300012X},
	author = {Giosan, Liviu and Constantinescu, Stefan and Filip, Florin and Deng, Bing}
}
@article {114,
	title = {Organic carbon export from the Greenland ice sheet},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {109},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2276},
	pages = {329-344},
	abstract = {Glacial meltwater exports a unique type of organic carbon to marine systems, distinct from non-glacially derived riverine export, potentially capable of stimulating downstream marine primary productivity. Here, we describe for the first time the bulk-level dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) isotopic composition of glacial meltwater draining the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS). These data, in conjunction with an earlier study that investigated the molecular-level composition of GrIS dissolved organic matter, collectively describe the concentration, radiocarbon content, and lability of organic carbon in subglacial discharge from a land-terminating outlet glacier during a melt season. By scaling up our measurements across the ice sheet, we estimate that the annual DOC flux from the GrIS (0.08 Tg/y) is equivalent to that from a small Arctic river (discharge (Q) 200 km3/y). The DOC flux is derived primarily from beneath the glacier (subglacial) (>75\%) in the early season, and from surface ice-melt (up to 100\%) transmitting through the subglacial environment at the peak of the meltseason. The POC flux is primarily derived from the subglacial environment throughout the meltseason. The early season (low flow) glacier discharge contains higher DOC concentrations (0.5{\textendash}4.1 mg L-1), and exports more enriched carbon (Δ14CDOC \~{} -250{\textperthousand}) compared to the peak season (high flow) discharge, when the concentrations are lower (0.1{\textendash}0.6 mg L-1) and the Δ14C is more depleted (Δ14CDOC \~{} -400{\textperthousand}). Conversely, the POC export (1.4{\textendash}13.2 mg L-1, Δ14CPOC \~{} -250{\textperthousand}) shows no temporal variation in either concentration or radiocarbon content throughout the meltseason. Dissolved ion loads in concomitant samples reflected the seasonal evolution of the subglacial drainage system, confirming the influence of subglacial hydrology on the composition of the bulk carbon pools. Based on this work, we conclude that (1) different mechanisms control the DOC and POC flux from glacial systems; (2) chemically-distinct DOC pools are accessed by seasonally-evolving hydrological flow-paths; and (3) the GrIS can deliver labile carbon, which may also be 14C-depleted, to downstream proglacial and marine environments.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2013.02.006},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703713000835},
	author = {Bhatia, Maya P. and Das, Sarah B. and Xu, Li and Charette, Matthew A. and Wadham, Jemma L. and Kujawinski, Elizabeth B.}
}
@article {2503,
	title = {Quantifying overwash flux in barrier systems: An example from Martha{\textquoteright}s Vineyard, Massachusetts, USA},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {343},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-09-2013},
	pages = {15 - 28},
	abstract = {Coastal barriers are particularly susceptible to the effects of accelerated sea-level rise and intense storms. Over centennial scales, barriers are maintained via overtopping during storms, which causes deposition of washover fans on their landward sides. Understanding barrier evolution under modern conditions can help evaluate the likelihood of future barrier stability. This study examines three washover fans on the undeveloped south shore of Martha{\textquoteright}s Vineyard using a suite of vibracores, ground penetrating radar, high resolution dGPS, and LiDAR data. From these data, the volumes of the deposits were determined and range from 2.1 to 2.4 {\texttimes} 104 m3. Two of these overwash events occurred during Hurricane Bob in 1991. The water levels produced by this storm have a calculated return interval of ~ 28 years, implying an onshore sediment flux of 2.4{\textendash}3.4 m3/m/yr. The third washover was deposited by a nor{\textquoteright}easter in January 1997, which has a water level return interval of ~ 6 years, suggesting a flux of 8.5 m3/m/yr. These onshore fluxes are smaller than the erosional flux of sediment resulting from shoreline retreat, suggesting that the barrier is not in long-term equilibrium, a result supported by the thinning of the barrier in recent years.},
	keywords = {barrier system, Coastal evolution, overwash flux, sea-level rise, storm impacts},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2013.05.013},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S002532271300114Xhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S002532271300114X?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S002532271300114X?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Carruthers, Emily A. and Lane, D. Philip and Evans, Rob L. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Ashton, Andrew D.}
}
@article {2504,
	title = {Reconstructing 7000 years of North Atlantic hurricane variability using deep-sea sediment cores from the western Great Bahama Bank},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-03-2013},
	pages = {31 - 41},
	abstract = {[1] Available overwash records from coastal barrier systems document significant variability in North Atlantic hurricane activity during the late Holocene. The same climate forcings that may have controlled cyclone activity over this interval (e.g., the West African Monsoon, El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation (ENSO)) show abrupt changes around 6000 yrs B.P., but most coastal sedimentary records do not span this time period. Establishing longer records is essential for understanding mid-Holocene patterns of storminess and their climatic drivers, which will lead to better forecasting of how climate change over the next century may affect tropical cyclone frequency and intensity. Storms are thought to be an important mechanism for transporting coarse sediment from shallow carbonate platforms to the deep-sea, and bank-edge sediments may offer an unexplored archive of long-term hurricane activity. Here, we develop this new approach, reconstructing more than 7000 years of North Atlantic hurricane variability using coarse-grained deposits in sediment cores from the leeward margin of the Great Bahama Bank. High energy event layers within the resulting archive are (1) broadly correlated throughout an offbank transect of multi-cores, (2) closely matched with historic hurricane events, and (3) synchronous with previous intervals of heightened North Atlantic hurricane activity in overwash reconstructions from Puerto Rico and elsewhere in the Bahamas. Lower storm frequency prior to 4400 yrs B.P. in our records suggests that precession and increased NH summer insolation may have greatly limited hurricane potential intensity, outweighing weakened ENSO and a stronger West African Monsoon{\textemdash}factors thought to be favorable for hurricane development.},
	doi = {10.1002/palo.v28.110.1002/palo.20012},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/palo.v28.1http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/palo.20012https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2Fpalo.20012},
	author = {Toomey, Michael R. and Curry, William B. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and van Hengstum, Peter J.}
}
@article {2502,
	title = {Reconstructing mid-late Holocene cyclone variability in the Central Pacific using sedimentary records from Tahaa, French Polynesia},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-10-2013},
	pages = {181 - 189},
	abstract = {We lack an understanding of the geographic and temporal controls on South Pacific cyclone activity. Overwash records from backbarrier salt marshes and coastal ponds have been used to reconstruct tropical cyclone strikes in the North Atlantic basin. However, these specific backbarrier environments are scarce in the South Pacific, with cyclone records limited primarily to the period of modern observation. This instrumental record suggests a correlation with the El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation (ENSO), but longer records are necessary to test this relationship over geologic timescales and explore other potential climate drivers of tropical cyclone variability. Deep lagoons behind coral reefs are widespread in the Pacific and provide an alternative setting for developing long-term sedimentary reconstructions of tropical cyclone occurrence. Coarse-grained event deposits within the sediments of a back-reef lagoon surrounding Tahaa reveal a 5000-year record of cyclone occurrences. Timing of recent high-energy deposits matches well with observed tropical cyclone strikes and indicates coarse deposits are storm derived. Longer records show tropical cyclone activity was higher from 5000 to 3800 and 2900 to 500 yrs BP. Comparison to records from the North Pacific (out-of-phase) and North Atlantic (in phase) suggests a coordinated pattern of storm activity across tropical cyclone basins over the mid-late Holocene. The changes in tropical cyclone activity we observe in the South Pacific and across other basins may be related to ENSO as well as precession driven changes in ocean-atmosphere thermal gradients.},
	keywords = {enso, Precession, South Pacific, tropical cyclones},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.07.019},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379113002849http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379113002849?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379113002849?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Toomey, Michael R. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Woodruff, Jonathan D.}
}
@article {76,
	title = {Reconstructing mid-late Holocene cyclone variability in the Central Pacific using sedimentary records from Tahaa, French Polynesia},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {181-189},
	abstract = {We lack an understanding of the geographic and temporal controls on South Pacific cyclone activity. Overwash records from backbarrier salt marshes and coastal ponds have been used to reconstruct tropical cyclone strikes in the North Atlantic basin. However, these specific backbarrier environments are scarce in the South Pacific, with cyclone records limited primarily to the period of modern observation. This instrumental record suggests a correlation with the El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation (ENSO), but longer records are necessary to test this relationship over geologic timescales and explore other potential climate drivers of tropical cyclone variability. Deep lagoons behind coral reefs are widespread in the Pacific and provide an alternative setting for developing long-term sedimentary reconstructions of tropical cyclone occurrence. Coarse-grained event deposits within the sediments of a back-reef lagoon surrounding Tahaa reveal a 5000-year record of cyclone occurrences. Timing of recent high-energy deposits matches well with observed tropical cyclone strikes and indicates coarse deposits are storm derived. Longer records show tropical cyclone activity was higher from 5000 to 3800 and 2900 to 500 yrs BP. Comparison to records from the North Pacific (out-of-phase) and North Atlantic (in phase) suggests a coordinated pattern of storm activity across tropical cyclone basins over the mid-late Holocene. The changes in tropical cyclone activity we observe in the South Pacific and across other basins may be related to ENSO as well as precession driven changes in ocean-atmosphere thermal gradients.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.07.019},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379113002849},
	author = {Toomey, Michael R. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Woodruff, Jonathan D.}
}
@article {102,
	title = {Resolving varve and radiocarbon chronology differences during the last 2000 years in the Santa Barbara Basin sedimentary record, California},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {310},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2289},
	pages = {155-168},
	abstract = {Santa Barbara Basin (SBB) is well known for producing high quality paleoclimate reconstructions, but the validity of correlations between the basin and other regions rests upon age model accuracy. Yet, the two independent and well-established chronologies based on varve counting and radiocarbon dating do not consistently agree during the last two millennia. Here the validity of age model assumptions is tested including whether 1) the regional reservoir age of surface waters was invariably 641 {\textpm} 119 years through time, and/or 2) SBB laminae couplets are consistently annual varves and counted with sufficient precision. This high-resolution 14C study of SBB sediments compares 49 mixed planktonic foraminiferal carbonate and 20 terrestrial organic carbon 14C dates to the varve chronology, to extend the high-resolution paleoclimate chronology of the basin back \~{}2000 years. Evidence indicates that regional reservoir ages do not remain constant through time with ΔR, (i.e. regional reservoir age minus variations in the global mixed-layer ocean reservoir age) fluctuating between 80 and 350 years. Second, there is a consistent (R2 = 0.96) undercounting of the varves between 150 and \~{}1700 AD based on a new varying ΔR 14C chronology, indicating that some laminae couplets may not be annual. Loss of varves may occur when low riverine input and infrequent winter storm activity during drought intervals fail to supply a siliciclastic layer.},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2012.09.006},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618212031734},
	author = {Hendy, Ingrid L. and Dunn, L. and Schimmelmann, A. and Pak, D. K.}
}
@article {2482,
	title = {Surface production fuels deep heterotrophic respiration in northern peatlands},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-12-2013},
	pages = {1163 - 1174},
	abstract = {[1] Multiple analyses of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from pore waters were conducted to define the processes that govern carbon balance in peatlands: (1) source, reactivity, and transport of DOC with respect to vegetation, peat, and age of carbon substrate, (2) reactivity of DOC with respect to molecular size, and (3) lability to photoxidation of surficial DOC. We found that surface organic production fuels heterotrophic respiration at depth in advection-dominated peatlands, especially in fens. Fen DOC was Δ14C enriched relative to the surrounding fen peat, and fen respiration products were similar to this enriched DOC indicating that DOC was the main microbial substrate. Bog DOC was more variable showing either enrichment in ∆14C at depth or ∆14C values that follow peat values. This variability in bogs is probably controlled by the relative importance of vertical transport of labile carbon substrates within the peat profile versus DOC production from bog peat. These results extended our set of observations to 10 years at one bog-fen pair and add two additional bog-fen pairs to our series of observations. Anaerobic incubations of peat, rinsed free of residual DOC, produced DOC and respiration products that were strikingly similar to the peat values in a bog and two fens. This result demonstrated conclusively that downward advection is the process responsible for the presence of modern DOC found at depth in the peat column. Fen DOC has lower C/N values and up to twice as much LMW (<1 kDa) DOC as bogs due to differences in organic inputs and greater microbial processing. Fluorescence irradiation experiments showed that fen DOC is more photolabile than bog DOC.},
	doi = {10.1002/2013GB004677},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2013GB004677https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2F2013GB004677},
	author = {Elizabeth Corbett, J. and Burdige, David J. and Tfaily, Malak M. and Dial, Angela R. and Cooper, William T. and Glaser, Paul H. and Chanton, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {2501,
	title = {Tropical cyclone wind speed constraints from resultant storm surge deposition: A 2500 year reconstruction of hurricane activity from St. Marks, FL},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-08-2013},
	pages = {2993 - 3008},
	abstract = {[1] Recent work suggests that the patterns of intense (>=category 3 on the Saffir-Simpson scale) hurricane strikes over the last few millennia might differ from that of overall hurricane activity during this period. Prior studies typically rely on assigning a threshold storm intensity required to produce a sedimentological overwash signal at a particular coastal site based on historical analogs. Here, we improve on this approach by presenting a new inverse-model technique that constrains the most likely wind speeds required to transport the maximum grain size within resultant storm deposits. As a case study, the technique is applied to event layers observed in sediments collected from a coastal sinkhole in northwestern Florida. We find that (1) simulated wind speeds for modern deposits are consistent with the intensities for historical hurricanes affecting the site, (2) all deposits throughout the \~{}2500 year record are capable of being produced by hurricanes, and (3) a period of increased intense hurricane frequency is observed between \~{}1700 and \~{}600 years B.P. and decreased intense storm frequency is observed from \~{}2500 to \~{}1700 and \~{}600 years B.P. to the present. This is consistent with prior reconstructions from nearby sites. Changes in the frequency of intense hurricane strikes may be related to the degree of penetration of the Loop Current in the Gulf of Mexico.},
	doi = {10.1002/ggge.20217},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ggge.20217https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2Fggge.20217},
	author = {Brandon, Christine M. and Woodruff, Jonathan D. and Lane, D. Phil and Donnelly, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {129,
	title = {Apparent oxygen utilization rates calculated from tritium and helium-3 profiles at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study site},
	journal = {Biogeosciences},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2253; PT: J; TC: 0; UT: WOS:000305830000003},
	pages = {1969-1983},
	abstract = {We present three years of Apparent Oxygen Utilization Rates (AOUR) estimated from oxygen and tracer data collected over the ocean thermocline at monthly resolution between 2003 and 2006 at the Bermuda Atlantic Timeseries Study (BATS) site. We estimate water ages by calculating a transit time distribution from tritium and helium-3 data. The vertically integrated AOUR over the upper 500 m, which is a regional estimate of export, during the three years is 3.1 +/- 0.5 mol O-2 m(-2) yr(-1). This is comparable to previous AOUR-based estimates of export production at the BATS site but is several times larger than export estimates derived from sediment traps or Th-234 fluxes. We compare AOUR determined in this study to AOUR measured in the 1980s and show AOUR is significantly greater today than decades earlier because of changes in AOU, rather than changes in ventilation rates. The changes in AOU are likely a methodological artefact associated with problems with early oxygen measurements.},
	issn = {1726-4170},
	doi = {10.5194/bg-9-1969-2012},
	author = {Stanley, R. H. R. and Doney, S. C. and W. J. Jenkins and Lott, D. E., III}
}
@article {123,
	title = {Characteristics of water-soluble organic carbon associated with aerosol particles in the eastern United States},
	journal = {Atmospheric Environment},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2153},
	pages = {181-188},
	abstract = {Desorption kinetics and sources (fossil vs. contemporary) of the water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) component of aerosol particles were examined at two sites on the east coast of the United States. Experiments revealed that WSOC is released either rapidly as one homogeneous pool or via biphasic kinetics with one rapidly and one slowly desorbing pool. The majority (>85\%) of WSOC was desorbed within the first 15 min of immersion in water, suggesting that this material can be rapidly incorporated into rainwater pre-depositionally or surface waters post-depositionally and transported through watersheds. Radiocarbon (14C) measurements showed that on average 12 {\textpm} 4\% and 14 {\textpm} 2\% of WSOC from sites in New York and Virginia, respectively, was derived from fossil sources. By contrast, mass balance calculations revealed water-insoluble organic carbon to have significantly greater fossil contributions. These findings suggest that contemporary biogenic aerosol OC is preferentially incorporated into the aqueous phase and may be transported relatively rapidly through watersheds and aquatic systems. In contrast, the more highly aged and fossil aerosol component remains in particulate form and is more likely to be retained on particles or in soils or aquatic sediments.},
	issn = {1352-2310},
	doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.001},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231011010466},
	author = {Wozniak, Andrew S. and Bauer, James E. and Dickhut, Rebecca M.}
}
@article {126,
	title = {Climatic and environmental evolution of Lake Iznik (NW Turkey) over the last \~{}4700 years},
	journal = {Temporal and spatial corridors of Homo sapiens sapiens population dynamics during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene},
	volume = {274},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2337},
	pages = {88-101},
	abstract = {Magnetic susceptibility, geochemistry, mineralogy and palynology of sediments from Lake Iznik in Northwestern Anatolia, Turkey, provide a 4700 year record of climatic trends and events. The measured proxies allow a reconstruction of variations in humid/dry periods and lake level changes. The Lake Iznik sedimentary sequence points to an oscillating trend of humid periods interrupted by rapid climate change (RCC) to arid periods. Especially abrupt lithologic and geochemical changes at 4.2 and 3.3 ka calBP may outline intense droughts, which extremely lowered the lake level. For the last 2000 years, the effects of the Roman warm period, Dark Age cold period, Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age are recorded within Lake Iznik sediments. Besides many similarities of local climatic periods with other records from the Eastern Mediterranean, there are also differences indicating the complex pattern of the climate in the region.},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2012.06.016},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618212004363},
	author = {{\"U}lgen, Umut Bar{\i}{\c s} and Franz, Sven Oliver and Biltekin, Demet and {\c C}a{\u g}atay, M. Namik and Roeser, Patricia Angelika and Doner, Lisa and Thein, Jean}
}
@article {156,
	title = {Climatic and megaherbivory controls on late-glacial vegetation dynamics: a new, high-resolution, multi-proxy record from Silver Lake, Ohio},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2141},
	pages = {66-80},
	abstract = {Novel plant assemblages are a long-recognized feature of late-glacial North America, but identifying their causes has been hampered by inaccurate radiocarbon chronologies and the multiplicity of ecological and climatic events during the late Pleistocene. Recently we reported that the formation of no-analog vegetation may have been linked to declines in Pleistocene megafaunal communities, based on pollen and spores from the coprophilous fungus Sporormiella at sites in Indiana and New York. We present a new, multi-proxy analysis from Silver Lake, OH, which 1) updates the radiocarbon chronology of a classic pollen record with a well-established zone of no-analog vegetation, 2) combines a new sub-centennial pollen record with charcoal, Sporormiella, and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy analyses for an integrated record of landscape change before, during, and after the period of no-analog vegetation, and 3) replicates both the absolute and relative temporal patterns of landscape change at Appleman Lake, IN. At Silver Lake, the decline in Sporormiella at 13.9 ka BP was immediately followed by the formation of novel plant assemblages, as well as the highest-magnitude charcoal peak in the record. Increased Ca and Sr concentrations during the no-analog interval indicate either increased moisture, increased input of nutrients from deciduous litter, or both. The duration of the no-analog assemblages (13.9{\textendash}11.8 ka BP) roughly corresponds to the period of peak insolation dissimilarity, but is more temporally constrained than previously reported in subcontinental-scale syntheses (17{\textendash}11 ka BP). We propose a hierarchy of controls on late-glacial plant communities, where biotic interactions such as megaherbivory mediate climate-driven vegetation change.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.12.008},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027737911100401X},
	author = {Gill, Jacquelyn L. and Williams, John W. and Jackson, Stephen T. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Schellinger, Grace C.}
}
@article {121,
	title = {Correction to" Isotopic characterization of aerosol organic carbon components over the eastern United States" (vol 117, D13303, 2012)},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {117},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2251; PT: J; TC: 0; UT: WOS:000307471700004},
	pages = {D15399-D15399},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2012JD018478},
	author = {Wozniak, Andrew S. and Bauer, James E. and Dickhut, Rebecca M. and Xu, Li and McNichol, Ann P.}
}
@article {142,
	title = {Evaluation of sediment trace metal records as paleoproductivity and paleoxygenation proxies in the upwelling center off Concepci{\'o}n, Chile (36{\textdegree}S)},
	journal = {Variability of the coastal upwelling and coastal transition zones off central-southern Chile},
	volume = {92{\textendash}95},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2154},
	pages = {66-80},
	abstract = {This study analyzes the records of several trace metals sensitive to redox conditions in continental shelf sediments off Concepci{\'o}n, Chile (36{\textdegree}S). The continental margin off Concepci{\'o}n (36{\textdegree}S; 73{\textdegree}W) lies beneath an important upwelling center characterized by high primary production rates and, consequently, high fluxes of organic matter. In spring and summer, this material settles to the seafloor where it decays, producing periods of very low oxygen content in bottom waters (1 mL L-1). The goals of this study were to determine the input of trace metals to the sediment and to decipher how this information can be used to reveal variations in primary productivity or bottom oxygenation. Gravity cores collected at two stations {\textendash} VG06-2 over the mid-shelf station (88 m water depth, upper boundary of the oxygen minimum zone) and VG06-3 over the outer shelf (120 m water depth, within the oxygen minimum zone) {\textendash} were sampled for high resolution profiles (1 cm) of trace metals, biogenic opal, stable isotopes, and total organic carbon. The results suggest that the variability in the trace metal distribution on the continental shelf off Concepci{\'o}n is determined by redox conditions and the organic carbon flux to the bottom. Some sections of the sediment cores from the outer shelf showed appreciable authigenic enrichment of U, Cd, and Mo (EF: 5{\textendash}10, 2{\textendash}5, and 10{\textendash}16 respectively) along with heavier values of δ15N, suggesting periods of suboxic conditions. During these periods, fluxes of organic material to the bottom were higher, as indicated by elevated TOC and opal contents. Alternating periods of higher and lower trace metal contents were not observed mid-shelf as they were on the outer shelf. Rather, the mid-shelf samples showed authigenic enrichment of U, Cd, and Mo (EF: 1{\textendash}6, 4{\textendash}5, and 10{\textendash}20, respectively) throughout the core except in a 10-cm-thick gray layer. In general, authigenic enrichment of U, Mo, and Cd occurred at both sites, coincident with olive green layers in the cores. These layers were associated with periods of elevated primary productivity and suboxic conditions. Such periods did not seem to last as long as the oxygenated periods, which had higher inputs of refractive detrital material, coincident with the occurrence of distinct gray sediment layers.},
	issn = {0079-6611},
	doi = {10.1016/j.pocean.2011.07.010},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079661111000644},
	author = {Mu{\~n}oz, Praxedes and Dezileau, Laurent and Lange, Carina and Cardenas, Lissette and Sellanes, Javier and Salamanca, Marco A. and Maldonado, Antonio}
}
@article {138,
	title = {Fine scale sediment structure and geochemical signature between eastern and western North Atlantic during Heinrich events 1 and 2},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2308},
	pages = {136-150},
	abstract = {Heinrich iceberg-rafting events 1 and 2 (H1 and H2) in the Labrador Sea are identified by their typical nepheloid-flow deposit sedimentary structure, high bulk carbonate, increase in iceberg-rafted detritus (IRD), and depletion of δ18O in the surface-dwelling foraminifer, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (s). H-layers in this region have sedimentological characteristics different than those in the North Atlantic, and consist of IRD interspersed in pelagic sediments. High resolution 14C-AMS dates allowed us to delineate the leads and lags in instability between different ice-streams of the former Laurentide ice-sheet (LIS). Our data suggest that the discharge from the Hudson Strait ice-stream was followed by Cumberland Sound ice-sheet during H1 and H2. New radiogenic isotopes from the ice-proximal and surficial sediments of the greater Hudson Strait region and Labrador Sea H0, H1 and H2 layers suggest that carbonate-rich layers were only derived from Hudson Strait, not Baffin Bay. Fine scale structure of H1 and H2 intervals in Labrador Sea slope cores is characterized by two lithic peaks dominated by detrital carbonate grains and a single peak in cores from the central Labrador Sea. A similar pattern in the structure of H1 and H2 is observed along the western European margin. These findings contrast with North Atlantic H1 and H2 intervals, which are characterized by a peak of carbonate-rich grains, followed by a peak of quartz and volcanic grains. This comparison with North Atlantic and western European margin cores leads us to suggest that the coupling or lack thereof, between the LIS and European ice-sheet, is related to the depositional processes occurring along the margins, as well as the distance from the sources and the ability of the oceanic currents to disperse icebergs. Any significant change in ice-sheet dynamics would be recorded close to the ice-sheet margin, while distal locations would only record extreme events. We hypothesize that the discordance between the findings reported in the literature is most likely similar to the difference between the upper slope/deep Labrador sites and the Flemish Pass site described in this contribution but requires vigorous testing.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.04.026},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112001734},
	author = {Rashid, H. and Saint-Ange, F. and Barber, D. C. and Smith, M. E. and Devalia, N.}
}
@article {146,
	title = {Geochemical and geological constraints on the composition of marine sediment pore fluid: Possible link to gas hydrate deposits},
	journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2306},
	pages = {35-52},
	abstract = {Pore water sulfate consumption in marine sediments is controlled by microbially driven sulfate reduction via organo-clastic and methane oxidation processes. In this work, we present sediment pore fluid compositions of 10 long sediment cores and high resolution seismic data from the Krishna{\textendash}Godavari (K{\textendash}G) basin, Bay of Bengal. Our results show occurrence of transient (S and kink types) and steady state (quasi-linear) sulfate concentration profiles which are attributed partly to the anaerobic oxidation of methane ( δ 13 C CH 4 : -84.8 to -100.1{\textperthousand} VPDB) and organo-clastic sulfate reduction. Influence of AOM on alkalinity is evident from the presence of authigenic carbonate layers with highly depleted carbon isotope ratios in core MD161-8. The authigenic carbonates represent the paleo-SMTZs and suggest marked fluctuation in vertical methane flux. Our geophysical data show the acoustic signatures of upward fluid migration from shallow sub-surface, whereas, coring during NGHP expedition-01 confirms the presence of sub-surface gas hydrate deposits in K{\textendash}G basin which can be linked to deep methane sources. The geochemical analysis suggests that shallow methane source can be attributed to high burial flux of labile organic matter due to high sedimentation rate. Sampling sites with high methane flux from the shallow gas source are characterized by quasi-linear sulfate concentration profile and a shallow sulfate methane transition zone (SMTZ) and may not be necessarily linked to deeper gas hydrate deposits. In contrast, the deep methane source results in a transient kink type sulfate profile and a deeper SMTZ. We have observed a close link between the occurrence of gas hydrate and the S/kink type sulfate profile. We interpret the short lived {\textquoteleft}kink{\textquoteright} in the sulfate profiles as a result of recent enhancement in vertical methane flux possibly driven by reactivation of fault-fractures systems which provide the conduits for fluid flow.},
	issn = {0264-8172},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2012.07.004},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264817212001808},
	author = {Mazumdar, A. and Joao, H. M. and Peketi, A. and Dewangan, P. and Kocherla, M. and Joshi, R. K. and Ramprasad, T.}
}
@article {147,
	title = {Insights into the Holocene environmental setting of Terra Nova Bay region (Ross Sea, Antarctica) from oxygen isotope geochemistry of Ad{\'e}lie penguin eggshells},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2348},
	pages = {63-69},
	abstract = {An oxygen isotope record of Ad{\'e}lie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) eggshells from Terra Nova Bay (Victoria Land, Antarctica) has been reconstructed in order to provide insights into the palaeoenviroment of this region during the last ~8000 years. The d18O values measured in eggshell carbonate show a great variability over the course of the studied period, with maximum values consistently around +27.5{\textperthousand}. Adopting a metabolic enrichment relative to water source of ~+28.5{\textperthousand}, eggshell d18O values can be interpreted in terms of marine water uptake by the penguins. The spread in d18O of eggshell carbonate at any given time toward more negative values reflects the existence of a low d18O water end member, most plausibly snow or snowmelt. Samples younger than 2000 years are characterized by a general lack of very negative d18O values. As also attested by other proxies, this shift toward more positive isotopic values is likely to be related both to a decreasing contribution of snow or meltwater in the seawaters and consequently to an absence or paucity on the boundary of the nesting sites of snow or snowfall and freshwater that could be directly eaten or drunk by penguins.},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683611409773},
	url = {http://hol.sagepub.com/content/22/1/63.abstract},
	author = {Lorenzini, Sandra and Baneschi, Ilaria and Fallick, Anthony E. and Salvatore, Maria Cristina and Zanchetta, Giovanni and Dallai, Luigi and Baroni, Carlo}
}
@article {122,
	title = {Isotopic characterization of aerosol organic carbon components over the eastern United States},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {117},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2252; PT: J; TC: 1; UT: WOS:000306237000001},
	pages = {D13303-D13303},
	abstract = {Carbon isotopic signatures (delta C-13, Delta C-14) of aerosol particulate matter total organic carbon (TOC) and operationally defined organic carbon (OC) components were measured in samples from two background sites in the eastern U. S. TOC and water-soluble OC (WSOC) delta C-13 values (-27 to -24 parts per thousand) indicated predominantly terrestrial C-3 plant and fossil derived sources. Total solvent extracts (TSE) and their aliphatic, aromatic, and polar OC components were depleted in delta C-13 (-30 to -26 parts per thousand) relative to TOC and WSOC. Delta C-14 signatures of aerosol TOC and TSE (-476 to +25 parts per thousand) suggest variable fossil contributions (similar to 5-50\%) to these components. Aliphatic OC while comprising a small portion of the TOC (},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2011JD017153},
	author = {Wozniak, Andrew S. and Bauer, James E. and Dickhut, Rebecca M. and Xu, Li and McNichol, Ann P.}
}
@article {159,
	title = {Late-Pleistocene to Holocene sedimentary fills of the {\c C}{\i}narc{\i}k Basin of the Sea of Marmara},
	journal = {Sedimentary Geology},
	volume = {281},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2309},
	pages = {151-165},
	abstract = {A giant RV Marion Dufresne piston core MD01-2425 recovered from the 1276 m-deep {\c C}{\i}narc{\i}k Basin of the Sea of Marmara documents characteristics of deep basin sedimentation influenced by large-scale gravity-controlled mass-wasting processes and associated turbidite deposition during the Late Pleistocene to Holocene. A visual lithological description of the core reveals twenty major seismoturbidite layers (> 20 cm thick), intercalated in hemipelagic-type fine-grained calcareous and slightly siliceous clays. The thickness and frequency of the sesimoturbidite layers deposited during the lacustrine period (prior to 12.3 cal ka BP) is much greater than during the Holocene marine period. The sedimentary processes during deposition of seismoturbidites in the basin have been determined in this study using a combination of grain-size parameters. Often the seismoturbidites show strong grain segregation with a sharp boundary between a coarse lower and a homogeneous upper part. The traction carpet deposits formed at the base of a turbulent suspension and were produced in the lower coarse-grained part, whereas the homogeneous upper part was deposited by uniform suspensions following bedload deposition.},
	issn = {0037-0738},
	doi = {10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.09.001},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0037073812002473},
	author = {Eri{\c s}, K. Kadir and {\c C}a{\u g}atay, Nam{\i}k and Beck, Christian and Mercier de Lepinay, Bernard and Corina, Campos}
}
@article { ISI:000299864400020,
	title = {Modern and Fossil Contributions to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in PM2.5 from North Birmingham, Alabama in the Southeastern U.S.},
	journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE \& TECHNOLOGY},
	volume = {46},
	number = {{3}},
	year = {2012},
	month = {FEB 7},
	pages = {1422-1429},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Analyzing the radiocarbon (C-14) content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric particulate matter can provide estimates on the source contributions from biomass burning versus fossil fuel. The relative importance of these two sources to ambient PAHs varies considerably across regions and even countries, and hence there is a pressing need to apportion these sources. In this study, we advanced the radiocarbon analysis from bulk carbon to compound class specific radiocarbon analysis (CCSRA) to determine Delta C-14 and delta C-13 values of PAHs in PM2.5 samples for investigating biomass burning and fossil fuel source contributions to PAHs from one of the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) sites in North Birmingham (BHM), Alabama during winter (December 2004-February 2005) and summer (June-August 2005) by accelerator mass spectrometry. To compare our ambient samples to known sources, we collected and analyzed fenceline samples from the vicinity of a coke plant in BHM. As expected, PAHs from the coke plant fenceline samples had very low radiocarbon levels. Its Delta C-14 varied from -990 to -970 parts per thousand, indicating that 97 to 99\% were of fossil source. PAHs in the ambient PM2.5 had Delta C-14 from -968 to -911 parts per thousand, indicating that 92-97\% of PAHs were from fossil fuel combustion. These levels indicated the dominance of fossil sources of ambient PAHs. The radiocarbon level of ambient PAHs was higher in winter than in summer. Winter samples exhibited depleted delta C-13 value and enriched Delta C-14 value because of the increased contribution of PAHs from biomass burning source. However, biomass burning contributed more to heavier PAHs (modern source accounting for 6-8\%) than fighter ones with a modern contribution of 3\%.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/es2043189},
	author = {Xu, Li and Zheng, Mei and Ding, Xiang and Edgerton, Eric S. and Reddy, Christopher M.}
}
@article {161,
	title = {Molecular records of climate variability and vegetation response since the Late Pleistocene in the Lake Victoria basin, East Africa},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2318},
	pages = {59-74},
	abstract = {New molecular proxies of temperature and hydrology are helping to constrain tropical climate change and elucidate possible forcing mechanisms during the Holocene. Here, we examine a \~{}14,000 year record of climate variability from Lake Victoria, East Africa, the world{\textquoteright}s second largest freshwater lake by surface area. We determined variations in local hydroclimate using compound specific δD of terrestrial leaf waxes, and compared these results to a new record of temperature utilizing the TEX86 paleotemperature proxy, based on aquatic Thaumarchaeotal membrane lipids. In order to assess the impact of changing climate on the terrestrial environment, we generated a record of compound specific δ13C from terrestrial leaf waxes, a proxy for ecosystem-level C3/C4 plant abundances, and compared the results to previously published pollen-inferred regional vegetation shifts. We observe a general coherence between temperature and rainfall, with a warm, wet interval peaking \~{}10{\textendash}9 ka and subsequent gradual cooling and drying over the remainder of the Holocene. These results, particularly those of rainfall, are in general agreement with other tropical African climate records, indicating a somewhat consistent view of climate over a wide region of tropical East Africa. The δ13C record from Lake Victoria leaf waxes does not appear to reflect changes in regional climate or vegetation. However, palynological analyses document an abrupt shift from a Poaceae (grasses)-dominated ecosystem during the cooler, arid late Pleistocene to a Moraceae-dominated (trees/shrubs) landscape during the warm, wet early Holocene. We theorize that these proxies are reflecting vegetation in different locations around Lake Victoria. Our results suggest a predominantly insolation-forced climate, with warm, wet conditions peaking at the maximum interhemispheric seasonal insolation contrast, likely intensifying monsoonal precipitation, while maximum aridity coincides with the rainy season insolation and the interhemispheric contrast gradient minima. We interpret a shift in conditions at the Younger Dryas to indicate a limited switch in insolation-dominated control on climate of the Lake Victoria region, to remote teleconnections with the coupled Atlantic and Pacific climate system.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.08.014},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112003216},
	author = {Berke, Melissa A. and Johnson, Thomas C. and Werne, Josef P. and Grice, Kliti and Schouten, Stefan and Sinninghe Damst{\'e}, Jaap S.}
}
@article {162,
	title = {Photochemical reactivity of ancient marine dissolved organic carbon},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2249; PT: J; TC: 0; UT: WOS:000309136800001},
	pages = {L18602-L18602},
	abstract = {Marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the largest reservoir of reduced carbon in seawater and persists up to 4,000-6,000 conventional radiocarbon (C-14) years on average. Photochemical degradation has been suggested as a geochemical sink for these long-lived molecules, yet there have been no studies relating photochemical lability to the C-14-ages of surface DOC. We observed apparent second order (2 degrees) kinetics with respect to DOC and a strong trend from Delta C-14-enriched to depleted values during exhaustive photomineralization of surface marine DOC with high energy UV light. Geochemically, these results suggest that surface DOC is an isotopically-heterogeneous mixture of molecules for which photochemical lability and C-14 ages are correlated. Photochemical mineralization may therefore be an important control on the persistence of C-14-depleted DOC in the ocean. Citation: Beaupre, S. R., and E. R. M. Druffel (2012), Photochemical reactivity of ancient marine dissolved organic carbon, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L18602, doi:10.1029/2012GL052974.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2012GL052974},
	author = {Beaupr{\'e}, Steven R. and Druffel, Ellen R. M.}
}
@article {119,
	title = {A reconstruction of late Pleistocene relative sea level in the south Bohai Sea, China, based on sediment grain-size analysis},
	journal = {Sedimentary Geology},
	volume = {281},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2312},
	pages = {88-100},
	abstract = {Future anthropogenic sea-level rise and its impact on coastal regions is an important issue facing human civilizations. Due to the short nature of the instrumental record of sea-level change, development of proxies for sea-level change prior to the advent of instrumental records is essential to reconstruct long-term background sea-level changes on local, regional and global scales. Here, we employ numerical methods to partition sediment grain size using a combined database of marine surface and core samples, and to quantitatively reconstruct sea-level variation since the late Pleistocene in the south Bohai Sea, China. Our sea-level reconstruction indicates that relative sea-level changes in the southern Bohai Sea track global sea-level variation for the duration of the record. The results also indicate substantial regression from 70 to 30 cal kyr BP, and potentially subarial exposure from 38 to 20 cal kyr BP. Our results document the feasibility of reconstructing relative sea-level change by numerical partitioning of sediment grain size data, demonstrating the potential for future applications.},
	issn = {0037-0738},
	doi = {10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.08.007},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0037073812002333},
	author = {Yi, Liang and Yu, Hongjun and Ortiz, Joseph D. and Xu, Xingyong and Qiang, Xiaoke and Huang, Haijun and Shi, Xuefa and Deng, Chenglong}
}
@article {154,
	title = {Stratigraphic evidence for an early Holocene earthquake in Aceh, Indonesia},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2139},
	pages = {142-151},
	abstract = {The Holocene stratigraphy of the coastal plain of the Aceh Province of Sumatra contains 6 m of sediment with three regionally consistent buried soils above pre-Quaternary bedrock or pre-Holocene unconsolidated sediment. Litho-, bio-, and chronostratigraphic analyses of the lower buried soil reveals a rapid change in relative sea-level caused by coseismic subsidence during an earlyHolocene megathrust earthquake. Evidence for paleoseismic subsidence is preserved as a buried mangrove soil, dominated by a pollen assemblage of Rhizophora and/or Bruguiera/Ceriops taxa. The soil is abruptly overlain by a thin tsunami sand. The sand contains mixed pollen and abraded foraminiferal assemblages of both offshore and onshore environments. The tsunami sand grades upward into mud that contains both well-preserved foraminifera of intertidal origin and individuals of the gastropod Cerithidea cingulata. Radiocarbon ages from the pre- and post-seismic sedimentary sequences constrain the paleoearthquake to 6500{\textendash}7000 cal. yrs. BP. We use micro-and macrofossil data to determine the local paleoenvironment before and after the earthquake. We estimate coseismic subsidence to be 0.45 {\textpm} 0.30 m, which is comparable to the 0.6 m of subsidence observed during the 2004 Aceh{\textendash}Andaman earthquake on Aceh{\textquoteright}s west coast.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.03.011},
	author = {Grand Pre, C. and Horton, B. P. and Kelsey, H. M. and Rubin, C. M. and Hawkes, A. D. and Daryono, M. and Rosenberg, G. and Culver, S. J.}
}
@article {182,
	title = {The application of foraminifera to reconstruct the rate of 20th century sea level rise, Morbihan Golfe, Brittany, France},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 1889; 713FR Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:71submittedY},
	pages = {24-35},
	abstract = {Foraminiferal assemblages preserved within salt-marsh sediment can provide an accurate and precise means to reconstruct relative sea level due to a strong relationship with elevation, which can be quantified using a transfer function. We collected a set of surface samples from two salt marshes in the Morbihan Golfe, France to determine foraminiferal distribution patterns. Dominant taxa included Jadammina macrescens, Trochammina inflata, Haplophragmoides spp. and Miliammina fusca. We developed a foraminifera-based transfer function using a modern training set of 36 samples and 23 species. The strong relationship between observed and predicted values (r(jack)(2) = 0.7) indicated that foraminiferal distribution is primarily controlled by elevation with respect to the tidal frame and precise reconstructions of former sea level are possible (RMSEP(jack) = 0.07 m). The application of the transfer function to a short salt-marsh core (0.32 m) allowed the reconstruction of former sea levels, which were placed in a chronological framework using short-lived radionuclides ((210)Pb and (137)Cs). The agreement between the foraminifera-based sea level curve and the Brest tide-gauge record confirms the reliability of transfer function estimates and the validity of this methodology to extend sea level reconstructions back into the pre-instrumental period. Both instrumental and microfossil records suggest an acceleration of sea level rise during the 20th century. (C) 2010 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Yqres.2010.07.017},
	author = {Rossi, V. and Horton, B. P. and Corbett, D. R. and Leorri, E. and Perez-Belmonte, L. and Douglas, B. C.}
}
@article {203,
	title = {Climate related sea-level variations over the past two millennia},
	journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
	volume = {108},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 853; Kemp, Andrew C Horton, Benjamin P Donnelly, Jeffrey P Mann, Michael E Vermeer, Martin Rahmstorf, Stefan Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jul 5;108(27):11017-22. Epub 2011 Jun 20.3131350submittedY},
	pages = {11017-22},
	abstract = {We present new sea-level reconstructions for the past 2100 y based on salt-marsh sedimentary sequences from the US Atlantic coast. The data from North Carolina reveal four phases of persistent sea-level change after correction for glacial isostatic adjustment. Sea level was stable from at least BC 100 until AD 950. Sea level then increased for 400 y at a rate of 0.6 mm/y, followed by a further period of stable, or slightly falling, sea level that persisted until the late 19th century. Since then, sea level has risen at an average rate of 2.1 mm/y, representing the steepest century-scale increase of the past two millennia. This rate was initiated between AD 1865 and 1892. Using an extended semiempirical modeling approach, we show that these sea-level changes are consistent with global temperature for at least the past millennium.},
	issn = {1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1015619108},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21690367},
	author = {Kemp, A. C. and Horton, B. P. and Donnelly, J. P. and Mann, M. E. and Vermeer, M. and Rahmstorf, S.}
}
@article {2505,
	title = {A decadally-resolved paleohurricane record archived in the late Holocene sediments of a Florida sinkhole},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {287},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Jan-09-2011},
	pages = {14 - 30},
	abstract = {A 4500-year record of hurricane-induced storm surges is developed from sediment cores collected from a coastal sinkhole near Apalachee Bay, Florida. Recent deposition of sand layers in the upper sediments of the pond was found to be contemporaneous with significant, historic storm surges at the site modeled using SLOSH and the Best Track, post-1851 A.D. dataset. Using the historic portion of the record for calibration, paleohurricane deposits were identified by sand content and dated using radiocarbon-based age models. Marine-indicative foraminifera, some originating at least 5 km offshore, were present in several modern and ancient storm deposits. The presence and long-term preservation of offshore foraminifera suggest that this site and others like it may yield promising microfossil-based paleohurricane reconstructions in the future. Due to the sub-decadal (~ 7 years) resolution of the record and the site{\textquoteright}s high susceptibility to hurricane-generated storm surges, the average, local frequency of recorded events, approximately 3.9 storms per century, is greater than that of previously published paleohurricane records from the region. The high incidence of recorded events permitted a time series of local hurricane frequency during the last five millennia to be constructed. Variability in the frequency of the largest storm layers was found to be greater than what would likely occur by chance alone, with intervals of both anomalously high and low storm frequency identified. However, the rate at which smaller layers were deposited was relatively constant over the last five millennia. This may suggest that significant variability in hurricane frequency has occurred only in the highest magnitude events. The frequency of high magnitude events peaked near 6 storms per century between 2800 and 2300 years ago. High magnitude events were relatively rare with about 0{\textendash}3 storms per century occurring between 1900 and 1600 years ago and between 400 and 150 years ago. A marked decline in the number of large storm deposits, which began around 600 years ago, has persisted through present with below average frequency over the last 150 years when compared to the preceding five millennia.},
	keywords = {Apalachee Bay, Gulf of Mexico, Holocene, hurricane, paleohurricane, Paleotempestology, sinkhole, SLOSH, storm surge, tropical cyclone},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2011.07.001},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025322711001472http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0025322711001472?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0025322711001472?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Lane, Philip and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Woodruff, Jonathan D. and Hawkes, Andrea D.}
}
@article {217,
	title = {A depositional history of particulate organic carbon in a floodplain lake from the lower Ob{\textquoteright} River, Siberia},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2172},
	pages = {4796-4815},
	abstract = {Northern, high latitude soils have stored vast amounts of organic carbon (OC) in permafrost and peats for many millennia, however, climate change may mobilize and release this particulate OC (POC) to arctic rivers. Deltaic and floodplain lakes that receive fluvial sediments, primarily during the spring freshet, may provide records of such changes in riverine POC. Here, we examine properties of OC in a sediment core from a lake in the lower floodplain of the Ob{\textquoteright} River, west Siberia, to determine how the properties of OC deposited in this lake varied over many decades and to evaluate use of this sedimentary OC as a recorder of riverine POC load and properties. The core predates the most recent, dramatic changes in arctic climate and hence may serve as a benchmark against which to contrast future variations in fluvial POC discharge. Elemental, stable carbon and radiocarbon isotopic analyses, along with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and molecular-level information (lignin phenol composition), indicate two major sources of OC to most of the sediments in this lake: plant-derived OC and algal-derived OC. However, a mixing model indicates that the nature and 14C content of these two sources change with depth in the sediment, resulting in three distinct layers: surface horizons, a {\textquotedblleft}high-OC{\textquotedblright} layer and {\textquotedblleft}mixing{\textquotedblright} horizons found above and below the high-OC layer. The plant-derived component is significantly aged throughout the core (14C ages of 1300{\textendash}3900 years) and appears to derive from primarily local, tundra sources, whereas the algal component is modern. Our analysis suggests that the usual mode of OC deposition, as exemplified by the {\textquotedblleft}mixing{\textquotedblright} and surface horizons, involved mixing of varying amounts of new algal production (35{\textendash}65\%) with aged permafrost- or peat-derived OC. This deposition was interrupted by an event, such as the collapse of a riverbank, which laid down the compositionally distinct {\textquotedblleft}high-OC{\textquotedblright} layer in which plant-derived OC mixes with aged mineral-soil-derived OC without clear input from algae. The relative amounts of the plant and algal components in the lake sediments appear to be controlled primarily by local hydrological conditions rather than by river-wide processes, suggesting that comparison of sediment records from multiple lakes within a floodplain will be important to assess changes in POC export by arctic rivers. However, the flux and nature of the higher plant-derived OC may carry important information on the sources and dynamics of OC stored within the drainage basin.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.032},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703711003085},
	author = {Dickens, Angela F. and Baldock, Jeff and Kenna, Timothy C. and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {189,
	title = {Drilling predation and taphonomy in modern mollusk death assemblages, San Salvador Island, Bahamas},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {311},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2166},
	pages = {74-81},
	abstract = {Studies of modern mollusk death assemblages provide an important framework for evaluating the fossil record. An analysis of 1951 shells from two beaches, Sandy Point and Haitian Boat Beach, on the isolated carbonate platform of San Salvador Island, Bahamas, has yielded significantly different frequencies of predation in bivalve-dominated assemblages. At Sandy Point Beach, bivalves and gastropods had a drilling frequency of 0.11 and 0.07, respectively. At Haitian Boat Beach, bivalves and gastropods showed a higher drilling frequency of 0.37 and 0.22, respectively. The prevalence of beveled drill holes suggests that the dominant predator was a naticid gastropod at both sites. Some ecological and environmental differences between the beaches could account for these disparate signals of predation: at Haitian Boat Beach, there is a higher abundance of the naticid Polinices sp. and it is a lower energy setting than Sandy Point Beach. Furthermore, radiocarbon dating of 17 shells at both beaches yielded a maximum age of > 6000 years before present, suggesting that these assemblages record a complex and long taphonomic history. These results imply that future large-scale coupling of predation studies with age dating of assemblages may provide important insights into the temporal structure of predation as well as the role of taphonomic loss of drilled shells.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.08.003},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018211004287},
	author = {Pruss, Sara B. and Stevenson, Marquela and Duffey, Siobhan}
}
@article {187,
	title = {Evidence of slumping/sliding in Krishna{\textendash}Godavari offshore basin due to gas/fluid movements},
	journal = {Occurrence and exploration of gas hydrate in the marginal seas and continental margin of the Asia, India and Oceania region Occurrence and exploration of gas hydrate in the marginal seas and continental margin of the Asia, India and Oceania region},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2163},
	pages = {1806-1816},
	abstract = {The Krishna{\textendash}Godavari (KG) offshore basin is one of the promising petroliferous basins of the eastern continental margin of India. Drilling in this basin proved the presence of gas hydrate deposits in the shallow marine sediments beyond 750 m water depths, and provided lithologic and stratigraphic information. We obtained multibeam swath bathymetry covering an area of about 4500 km2 in water depths of 280{\textendash}1800 m and about 1260 line km of high resolution seismic (HRS) records. The general lithology of midslope deposits is comprised of nannofossil-rich clay, nannofossil-bearing clay and foraminifera-bearing clay. The HRS records and bathymetry reveal evidence of slumping and sliding of the upper and midslope sediments, which result in mass transport deposits (MTD) in the northwestern part of the study area. These deposits exhibit 3{\textendash}9.5 km widths and extend 10{\textendash}13 km offshore. The boundaries of the MTDs are often demarcated by sharp truncation of finely layered sediments (FLS) and the MTDs are characterized by acoustically transparent zones in the HRS data. Average thickness of recent MTDs varies with depth, i.e., in the upper slope, the thickness is about 45 m, while in the lower slope it is about 60 m, and in deeper offshore locations they attain a maximum thickness of about 90 m. A direct indication for slumping and mass transportation of deposits is provided by the age reversal in 14C AMS dates observed in a sediment core located in the midslope region. Seismic profiling signatures provide indications of fluid/gas movement. We propose that the presence of steep topographic gradients, high sedimentation rates, a regional fault system, diapirism, fluid/gas movement, and neotectonic activity may have facilitated the slumping/sliding of the upper slope sediments in the KG offshore basin.},
	issn = {0264-8172},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.02.007},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264817211000729},
	author = {Ramprasad, T. and Dewangan, P. and Ramana, M. V. and Mazumdar, A. and Karisiddaiah, S. M. and Ramya, E. R. and Sriram, G.}
}
@article {196,
	title = {Glacial to Holocene swings of the Australian-Indonesian monsoon},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2012; PT: J; UT: WOS:000293277100016},
	pages = {540-544},
	abstract = {The Australian-Indonesian monsoon is an important component of the climate system in the tropical Indo-Pacific region(1). However, its past variability, relation with northern and southern high-latitude climate and connection to the other Asian monsoon systems are poorly understood. Here we present high-resolution records of monsoon-controlled austral winter upwelling during the past 22,000 years, based on planktic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes and faunal composition in a sedimentary archive collected offshore southern Java. We show that glacial-interglacial variations in the Australian-Indonesian winter monsoon were in phase with the Indian summer monsoon system, consistent with their modern linkage through cross-equatorial surface winds. Likewise, millennial-scale variability of upwelling shares similar sign and timing with upwelling variability in the Arabian Sea. On the basis of element composition and grain-size distribution as precipitation-sensitive proxies in the same archive, we infer that (austral) summer monsoon rainfall was highest during the Bolling-Allerod period and the past 2,500 years. Our results indicate drier conditions during Heinrich Stadial 1 due to a southward shift of summer rainfall and a relatively weak Hadley cell south of the Equator. We suggest that the Australian-Indonesian summer and winter monsoon variability were closely linked to summer insolation and abrupt climate changes in the northern hemisphere.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/NGEO1209},
	author = {Mohtadi, Mahyar and Oppo, Delia W. and Steinke, Stephan and Stuut, Jan-Berend W. and De Pol-Holz, Ricardo and Hebbeln, Dierk and Lueckge, Andreas}
}
@article {180,
	title = {Holocene Southern Ocean surface temperature variability west of the Antarctic Peninsula},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {470},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2053; PT: J; UT: WOS:000287144200042},
	pages = {250-254},
	abstract = {The disintegration of ice shelves, reduced sea-ice and glacier extent, and shifting ecological zones observed around Antarctica(1,2) highlight the impact of recent atmospheric(3) and oceanic warming(4) on the cryosphere. Observations(1,2) and models(5,6) suggest that oceanic and atmospheric temperature variations at Antarctica{\textquoteright}s margins affect global cryosphere stability, ocean circulation, sea levels and carbon cycling. In particular, recent climate changes on the Antarctic Peninsula have been dramatic, yet the Holocene climate variability of this region is largely unknown, limiting our ability to evaluate ongoing changes within the context of historical variability and underlying forcing mechanisms. Here we show that surface ocean temperatures at the continental margin of the western Antarctic Peninsula cooled by 3-4 degrees C over the past 12,000 years, tracking the Holocene decline of local (65 degrees S) spring insolation. Our results, based on TEX(86) sea surface temperature (SST) proxy evidence from a marine sediment core, indicate the importance of regional summer duration as a driver of Antarctic seasonal sea-ice fluctuations(7). On millennial timescales, abrupt SST fluctuations of 2-4 degrees C coincide with globally recognized climate variability(8). Similarities between our SSTs, Southern Hemisphere westerly wind reconstructions(9) and El Nino/Southern Oscillation variability(10) indicate that present climate teleconnections between the tropical Pacific Ocean and the western Antarctic Peninsula(11) strengthened late in the Holocene epoch. We conclude that during the Holocene, Southern Ocean temperatures at the western Antarctic Peninsula margin were tied to changes in the position of the westerlies, which have a critical role in global carbon cycling(9,12).},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature09751},
	author = {Shevenell, A. E. and Ingalls, A. E. and Domack, E. W. and Kelly, C.}
}
@article {227,
	title = {Pb isotopic variability in the modern-Pleistocene Indus River system measured by ion microprobe in detrital K-feldspar grains},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2171},
	pages = {4771-4795},
	abstract = {The western Himalaya, Karakoram and Tibet are known to be heterogeneous with regard to Pb isotope compositions in K-feldspars, which allows this system to be used as a sediment provenance tool. We used secondary ion mass spectrometry to measure the isotopic character of silt and sand-sized grains from the modern Sutlej and Chenab Rivers, together with Thar Desert sands, in order to constrain their origin. The rivers show a clear Himalayan provenance, contrasting with grains from the Indus Suture Zone, but with overlap to known Karakoram compositions. The desert dunes commonly show 207Pb/204Pb and 206Pb/204Pb values that are much higher than those seen in the rivers, most consistent with erosion from Nanga Parbat. This implies at least some origin from the trunk Indus, probably reworked by summer monsoon winds from the SW, a hypothesis supported by bulk Nd and U{\textendash}Pb zircon dating. Further data collected from Holocene and Pleistocene sands shows that filled and abandoned channels on the western edge of the Thar Desert were sourced from Himalayan rivers before and at 6{\textendash}8 ka, but that after that time the proportion of high isotopic ratio grains rose, indicating increased contribution from the Thar Desert dunes prior to \~{}4.5 ka when flow ceased entirely. This may be linked to climatic drying, northward expansion of the Thar Desert, or changes in drainage style including regional capture, channel abandonment, or active local Thar tributaries. Our data further show a Himalayan river channel east of the present Indus, close to the delta, in the Nara River valley during the middle Holocene. While this cannot be distinguished from the Indus it is not heavily contaminated by reworking from the desert. The Pb system shows some use as a provenance tool, but is not effective at demonstrating whether these Nara sediments represent a Ghaggar-Hakra stream independent from the Indus. Our study highlights an important role for eolian reworking of floodplain sediments in arid rivers such as the Indus.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.039},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703711003164},
	author = {Alizai, Anwar and Clift, Peter D. and Giosan, Liviu and VanLaningham, Sam and Hinton, Richard and Tabrez, Ali R. and Danish, Muhammad}
}
@inbook {691,
	title = {Pontic-Baltic pathways for invasive aquatic species: geoarchaeological implications},
	booktitle = {Geology and Geoarchaeology of the Black Sea Region: Beyond the Flood Hypothesis},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2122},
	pages = {189-196},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America},
	organization = {Geological Society of America},
	abstract = {An accurate chronology for the exchange of aquatic species between water basins is important for paleoenvironmental reconstruction on both regional and continental scales. During the early Holocene, the range of zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, was limited to the Black, Azov, Caspian, and Aral Seas, as well as the estuaries and lower and middle reaches of the Pontic-Caspian rivers. We present new findings that challenge the currently held view that this species migrated into the Baltic Sea watershed during the early 1800s through the canals joining the tributaries of rivers that drain into the Black and Baltic Sea basins. Geological investigations along the southeast Baltic Sea coast (Curonian and Vistula spits and lagoons) have uncovered shells of D. polymorpha that yielded radiocarbon ages older than 1000 radiocarbon yr B.P. We propose two scenarios to explain the new radiocarbon dates for D. polymorpha. The first scenario involves an anomalously large reservoir effect{\textemdash}as large as 600{\textendash}800 yr{\textemdash}however, several lines of evidence cast doubt upon the validity of such a large reservoir correction. The second scenario that might explain the old zebra mussel ages is the earlier arrival of Dreissena polymorpha into the Baltic region. Natural exchange may have been facilitated by the proximity of the tributaries draining the Pontic and Baltic watersheds. Human-mediated transport is also considered in association with Viking voyages from the Baltic to the Black and Caspian Seas between A.D. 800 and 1000, and the riverine trade exchange during the Lithuanian expansion into the Pontic steppe in subsequent centuries. It is likely that both scenarios played a role, with implications for late Holocene biogeography and paleoecology of the Pontic-Caspian and Baltic basins.},
	issn = {9780813724737},
	doi = {10.1130/2011.2473(12)​},
	author = {Buynevich, I. V. and Damu{\v s}yte, A. and Bitinas, A. and Olenin, S. and Ma{\v z}eika, J. and Petro{\v s}ius, R.},
	editor = {Buynevich, I. V.}
}
@article {181,
	title = {The Posidonia oceanica marine sedimentary record: A Holocene archive of heavy metal pollution},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {409},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2098},
	pages = {4831-4840},
	abstract = {The study of a Posidonia oceanica mat (a peat-like marine sediment) core has provided a record of changes in heavy metal abundances (Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, As and Al) since the Mid-Holocene (last 4470 yr) in Portlligat Bay (NW Mediterranean). Metal contents were determined in P. oceanica. Both, the concentration records and the results of principal components analysis showed that metal pollution in the studied bay started ca. 2800 yr BP and steadily increased until present. The increase in Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and As concentrations since ca. 2800 yr BP and in particular during Greek (ca. 2680{\textendash}2465 cal BP) and Roman (ca. 2150{\textendash}1740 cal BP) times shows an early anthropogenic pollution rise in the bay, which might be associated with large- and short-scale cultural and technological development. In the last ca. 1000 yr the concentrations of heavy metals, mainly derived from anthropogenic activities, have significantly increased (e.g. from ~ 15 to 47 μg g- 1 for Pb, ~ 23 to 95 μg g- 1 for Zn and ~ 8 to 228 μg g- 1 for As). Our study demonstrates for the first time the uniqueness of P. oceanica meadows as long-term archives of abundances, patterns, and trends of heavy metals during the Late Holocene in Mediterranean coastal ecosystems.},
	issn = {0048-9697},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.08.001},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969711008242},
	author = {Serrano, O. and Mateo, M. A. and Due{\~n}as-Boh{\'o}rquez, A. and Renom, P. and L{\'o}pez-S{\'a}ez, J. A. and Mart{\'\i}nez Cortizas, A.}
}
@article {177,
	title = {Radiocarbon chronology of the late-glacial Puerto Bandera moraines, Southern Patagonian Icefield, Argentina},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 1954; PT: J; UT: WOS:000295387000014},
	pages = {2551-2569},
	abstract = {We report radiocarbon dates that constrain the timing of the deposition of the late-glacial Puerto Bandera moraine system alongside the western reaches of Lago Argentino adjacent to the Southern Patagonian Icefield. Close maximum-limiting radiocarbon ages (n = 11) for glacier advance into the outer moraines, with a mean value of 11,100 +/- 60 (14)C yrs BP (12,990 +/- 80 cal yrs BP), were obtained from wood in deformation (soft) till exposed beneath flow and lodgment till in Bahia del Quemado on the northeast side of Brazo Norte (North Branch) of western Lago Argentino. Other exposures of this basal deformation till in Bahia del Quemado reveal incorporated clasts of peat, along with larger inclusions of deformed glaciofluvial and lacustrine deposits. Radiocarbon dates of wood included in these reworked peat clasts range from 11,450 +/- 45 (14)C yrs BP to 13,450 +/- 150 (14)C yrs BP (13,315 +/- 60 to 16,440 +/- 340 cal yrs BP). The implication is that, during this interval, glacier fronts were situated inboard of the Puerto Bandera moraines, with the peat clasts and larger proglacial deposits being eroded and then included in the basal till during the Puerto Bandera advance. Minimum-limiting radiocarbon ages for ice retreat come from basal peat in cores sampled in spillways and depressions generated during abandonment of the Puerto Bandera moraines. Glacier recession and subsequent plant colonization were initiated close behind different frontal sectors of these moraines prior to: 10,750 +/- 75 (14)C yrs BP (12,660 +/- 70 cal yrs BP) east of Brazo Rico, 10,550 +/- 55 (14)C yrs BP (12,490 +/- 80 cal yrs BP) in Peninsula Avellaneda, and 10,400 +/- 50 (14)C yrs BP (12,280 +/- 110 cal yrs BP) in Bahia Catalana. In addition, a radiocarbon date indicates that by 10,350 +/- 45 (14)C yrs BP (12,220 +/- 110 cal yrs BP), the Brazo Norte lobe (or former Upsala Glacier) had receded well up the northern branch of Lago Argentino, to a position behind the Herminita moraines. Furthermore, glacier termini had receded to just outboard of the outer Holocene moraines at Lago Frias and Lago Pearson (Anita) prior to 10,400 +/- 40 (14)C yrs BP (12,270 +/- 100 cal yrs BP) and 9040 +/- 45 (14)C yrs BP (10,210 +/- 50 cal yrs BP), respectively. The most extensive recession registered during the early Holocene was in Agassiz Este Valley, where the Upsala Glacier had pulled back behind the outer Holocene moraine, reaching close to the present-day glacier terminus before 8290 +/- 40 (14)C yrs BP (9300 +/- 80 cal yrs BP). The radiocarbon-dated fluctuations of the Lago Argentino glacier in late-glacial time, given here, are in accord with changes in ocean mixed layer properties, predominately temperature, derived from the isotopic record given here of ODP Core 1233, taken a short distance off shore of the Chilean Lake District. It also matches recently published chronologies of late-glacial moraines in the Southern Alps of New Zealand on the opposite side of the Pacific Ocean from Lago Argentino. Finally, the timing of the late-glacial reversal of the Lago Argentino glacier fits the most recent chronology for the culmination of the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) in the deuterium record of the EPICA Dome C ice core from high on the East Antarctic Plateau. Therefore, we conclude that the climate signature of the ACR was widespread in both the ocean and the atmosphere over at least the southern quarter of the globe. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.05.004},
	author = {Strelin, J. A. and Denton, G. H. and Vandergoes, M. J. and Ninnemann, U. S. and Putnam, A. E.}
}
@article {202,
	title = {Rapid wetland expansion during European settlement and its implication for marsh survival under modern sediment delivery rates},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 846; 748TX Times Cited:2 Cited References Count:31under reviewY},
	pages = {507-510},
	abstract = {Fluctuations in sea-level rise rates are thought to dominate the formation and evolution of coastal wetlands. Here we demonstrate a contrasting scenario in which land-use-related changes in sediment delivery rates drive the formation of expansive marshland, and vegetation feedbacks maintain their morphology despite recent sediment supply reduction. Stratigraphic analysis and radiocarbon dating in the Plum Island Estuary (Massachusetts, United States) suggest that salt marshes expanded rapidly during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries due to increased rates of sediment delivery following deforestation associated with European settlement. Numerical modeling coupled with the stratigraphic observations suggests that existing marshland could survive, but not form under the low suspended sediment concentrations observed in the estuary today. These results suggest that many of the expansive marshes that characterize the modern North American coast are metastable relicts of high nineteenth century sediment delivery rates, and that recent observations of degradation may represent a slow return to pre-settlement marsh extent. In contrast to ecosystem management practices in which restoring pre-anthropogenic conditions is seen as a way to increase ecosystem services, our results suggest that widespread efforts to restore valuable coastal wetlands actually prevent some systems from returning to a natural state.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G31789.1},
	author = {Kirwan, M. L. and Murray, A. B. and Donnelly, J. P. and Corbett, D. R.}
}
@article {2448,
	title = {A regional-scale climate reconstruction of the last 4000 years from lakes in the Nebraska Sand Hills, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Jan-06-2011},
	pages = {1797 - 1812},
	abstract = {High-resolution paleohydrological reconstructions were carried out in five shallow lakes in the Nebraska Sand Hills across an eastewest transect in order to 1) determine whether long-term droughts of the past 4000 years were spatially and temporally coherent across the region, 2) distinguish local variation in
climate or hydrology from regional patterns of change, and 3) compare the paleolimnological results with the existing dune-inferred drought records. Diatom-inferred lake-level was reconstructed for all sites and compared with other regional records. Alterations between high and low lake-levels were
frequent during the past 4000 years, which suggests that shifts between dry and wet periods were prevalent across the Sand Hills. Extended multi-decadal to centennial-scale droughts were more common prior to 2000 years BP, while the last two millennia were hydrologically more variable and climate conditions alternated on shorter timescales. Despite some discrepancies among the five records, the paleohydrological reconstructions refine the Holocene drought history of the Nebraska Sand Hills, particularly between w2200 and 4000 cal a BP. Many of the observed drought events are contemporaneous with severe droughts documented at sites in the northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountains, lending support for the severity and regional significance of these events in western North America.},
	keywords = {diatoms, Droughts, Great Plains, Holocene, lakes, Nebraska Sand Hills, paleolimnology},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.04.011},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379111001132http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379111001132?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379111001132?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Schmieder, J. and Fritz, S.C. and Swinehart, J.B. and Shinneman, A.L.C. and Wolfe, A.P. and Miller, G. and Daniels, N. and Jacobs, K.C. and Grimm, E.C.}
}
@article {192,
	title = {Repeated century-scale droughts over the past 13,000 yr near the Hudson River watershed, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2183},
	pages = {523-530},
	abstract = {Long-term sediment and ground-penetrating radar data from Davis Pond, a small lake near the Hudson River valley, reveal past droughts in a historically humid region that presently supplies water to millions of people in and around New York City. A minimum of eleven sandy paleoshoreline deposits in the lake date from 13.4 to 0.6 cal ka BP. The deposits span 1500 to 200 yr between bracketing radiocarbon ages, and intrude into lacustrine silts up to 9.0 m below the modern lake surface in a transect of six sediment cores. Three low stands, ca. 13.4{\textendash}10.9, 9.2 and 8.2 cal ka BP indicate low regional moisture balance when low temperatures affected the North Atlantic region. Consistent with insolation trends, water levels rose from ca. 8.0 cal ka BP to present, but five low stands interrupted the rise and are likely associated with ocean{\textendash}atmosphere interactions. Similar to evidence from other studies, the data from Davis Pond indicate repeated multi-century periods of prolonged or frequent droughts super-imposed on long-term regional trends toward high water levels. The patterns indicate that water supplies in this heavily populated region have continuously varied at multiple time scales and confirm that humid regions such as the northeastern United States are more prone to severe drought than historically expected.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2011.01.006},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589411000172},
	author = {Newby, Paige E. and Shuman, Bryan N. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and MacDonald, Dana}
}
@inbook {1389,
	title = {Resilience and reorganization: Archaeology and the historical ecology of California Channel Island sea mammals},
	booktitle = {Human Impacts on Seals, Sea Lions, and Sea Otters},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2068},
	month = {2011},
	publisher = {University of California Press},
	organization = {University of California Press},
	isbn = {9780520267268},
	author = {Braje, Todd J. and Rick, Torben C. and DeLong, Robert L. and Erlandson, Jon M.},
	editor = {Rick, T. C.}
}
@article {198,
	title = {Retreat of the East Antarctic ice sheet during the last glacial termination RID F-5711-2011},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2003; PT: J; UT: WOS:000287802300021},
	pages = {195-202},
	abstract = {The retreat of the East Antarctic ice sheet at the end of the last glacial period has been attributed to both sea-level rise and warming of the ocean at the margin of the ice sheet, but it has been challenging to test these hypotheses. Given the lack of constraints on the timing of retreat, it has been difficult to evaluate whether the East Antarctic ice sheet contributed to meltwater pulse 1a, an abrupt sea-level rise of approximately 20 m that occurred about 14,700 years ago. Here we use terrestrial exposure ages and marine sedimentological analyses to show that ice retreat in Mac. Robertson Land, East Antarctica, initiated about 14,000 years ago, became widespread about 12,000 years ago, and was completed by about 7,000 years ago. We use two models of different complexities to assess the forcing of the retreat. Our simulations suggest that, although the initial stage of retreat may have been forced by sea-level rise, the majority of the ice loss resulted from ocean warming at the onset of the Holocene epoch. In light of our age model we conclude that the East Antarctic ice sheet is unlikely to have been the source of meltwater pulse 1a, and, on the basis of our simulations, suggest that Antarctic ice sheets made an insignificant contribution to eustatic sea-level rise at this time.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/NGEO1061},
	author = {Mackintosh, Andrew and Golledge, Nicholas and Domack, Eugene and Dunbar, Robert and Leventer, Amy and White, Duanne and Pollard, David and DeConto, Robert and Fink, David and Zwartz, Dan and Gore, Damian and Lavoie, Caroline}
}
@article { ISI:000297458300001,
	title = {Stratigraphic record of Holocene coseismic subsidence, Padang, West Sumatra},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2011},
	month = {NOV 23},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Stratigraphic evidence is found for two coseismic subsidence events that underlie a floodplain 20 km south of Padang, West Sumatra along the Mentawai segment (0.5 S- 0.3 S) of the Sunda subduction zone. Each earthquake is marked by a sharp soil-mud contact that represents a sudden change from mangrove to tidal flat. The earthquakes occurred about 4000 and 3000 cal years B.P. based on radiocarbon ages of detrital plant fragments and seeds. The absence of younger paleoseismic evidence suggests that late Holocene relative sea level fall left the floodplain too high for an earthquake to lower it into the intertidal zone. Our results point to a brief, few thousand year window of preservation of subsidence events in tidal-wetland stratigraphic sequences, a result that is generally applicable to other emergent coastlines of West Sumatra.},
	issn = {2169-9313},
	doi = {10.1029/2011JB008205},
	author = {Dura, Tina and Rubin, Charles M. and Kelsey, Harvey M. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Hawkes, Andrea and Vane, Christopher H. and Daryono, Mudrik and Pre, Candace Grand and Ladinsky, Tyler and Bradley, Sarah}
}
@article {229,
	title = {Application of bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) to develop modern and past temperature estimates from New Zealand lakes},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1955; PT: J; CT: 24th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry; CY: SEP 06-11, 2009; CL: Bremen, GERMANY; UT: WOS:000282671500040},
	pages = {1060-1066},
	abstract = {Branched isoalkyl glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) of bacterial origin have been found in high abundance in both modern and glacial sediments of New Zealand South Island freshwater lakes covering a wide range of altitude (101-2000 m). Like isoprenoid GDGTs of archaeal origin, they provide excellent potential for temperature assessment. For this study, their distribution patterns (MBT, methylation ratio and CBT, cyclisation ratio of branched GDGTs) have been successfully used to develop an initial temperature calibration for the study area and to provide preliminary (palaeo)environmental interpretations. MBT data from modern lake sediments correlate well with measured annual air temperature (R(2) 0 74), enabling a regional calibration for reconstructing palaeotemperatures for fossil samples. MBT-derived palaeotemperatures for Alpine Lake, calibrated against mean annual temperature, were determined for the Last Glacial during an early cold phase (between 29,000 and 26,000 years BP) and for later less cold phases (between 23,000 and 18,000 years BP). Compared with the modern temperature regime, the MBT data indicate a decrease of ca 56 and 2 8 degrees C respectively, during this time Modern and past MBT-derived temperatures correlate with chironomid-based temperature reconstructions in the area Archaeal GDGTs, commonly used for the TEX(86) index, are abundant in fossil sediments (Alpine Lake) but scarce in modern sediments, hindering a new local calibration for this palaeotemperature proxy. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.03.004},
	author = {Zink, Klaus- G. and Vandergoes, Marcus J. and Mangelsdorf, Kai and Dieffenbacher-Krall, Ann C. and Schwark, Lorenz}
}
@article {2506,
	title = {Calibrating a sedimentary record of overwash from Southeastern New England using modeled historic hurricane surges},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {275},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Jan-09-2010},
	pages = {127 - 139},
	abstract = {We present a 2000-year record of overwash deposits preserved in a backbarrier salt marsh from southeastern New England. The timing of recent deposits matches well with large hurricane-induced storm surge events documented by local tide gauges in 1991, 1960, 1954, and 1938. Storm surge modeling is used to evaluate the flooding history at the site as well as to assess the pre-instrumental historical record. Storms in 1815, 1727, and 1635 likely caused significant surge that overtopped the barrier, with the timing of coarse-grained overwash deposition correlating well with these events. We infer that twenty-three prehistoric layers mapped across the site were likely also deposited by landfalling hurricanes. Additional records from the area will help to evaluate whether or not temporal trends at the site are a robust representation of hurricane activity for the region. The frequency of overwash at Mattapoisett Marsh, on average 1.5 events per century, is significantly higher than many other overwash-based reconstructions from the western North Atlantic. Further, the Mattapoisett Marsh record does not contain significant multi-centennial gaps in overwash layers. This initial comparison of the data from Mattapoisett marsh with other reconstructions from the western North Atlantic may point toward relatively constant tropical cyclone frequency over the last 2000 years with significant variation in the number of intense tropical cyclones.},
	keywords = {Holocene, hurricane, Paleotempestology, Salt marsh, storm surge, tropical cyclone},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2010.05.002},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025322710001702http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0025322710001702?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0025322710001702?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Boldt, Katherine V. and Lane, Philip and Woodruff, Jonathan D. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {379,
	title = {Climatic controls of interannual variability in regional carbon fluxes from top-down and bottom-up perspectives RID B-8211-2009},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences},
	volume = {115},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1941; PT: J; UT: WOS:000277259700003},
	pages = {G02011-G02011},
	abstract = {Observations of regional net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO(2) for 1997-2007 were analyzed for climatic controls on interannual variability (IAV). Quantifying IAV of regional (10(4)-10(6) km(2)) NEE over long time periods is key to understanding potential feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle. Four independent techniques estimated monthly regional NEE for 10(4) km(2) in a spatially heterogeneous temperate-boreal transition region of the north central United States, centered on the Park Falls, Wisconsin, United States, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration tall tower site. These techniques included two bottom-up methods, based on flux tower upscaling and forest inventory based demographic modeling, respectively, and two top-down methods, based on tall tower equilibrium boundary layer budgets and tracer-transport inversion, respectively. While all four methods revealed a moderate carbon sink, they diverged significantly in magnitude. Coherence of relative magnitude and variability of NEE anomalies was strong across the methods. The strongest coherence was a trend of declining carbon sink since 2002. Most climatic controls were not strongly correlated with IAV. Significant controls on IAV were those related to hydrology, such as water table depth, and atmospheric CO(2). Weaker relationships were found with phenological controls such as autumn soil temperature. Hydrologic relationships were strongest with a 1 year lag, potentially highlighting a previously unrecognized predictor of IAV in this region. These results highlight a need for continued development of techniques to estimate regional IAV and incorporation of hydrologic cycling into couple carbon-climate models.},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2009JG001122},
	author = {Desai, Ankur R. and Helliker, Brent R. and Moorcroft, Paul R. and Andrews, Arlyn E. and Berry, Joseph A.}
}
@article {446,
	title = {Deep-sea faunal provinces and their inferred environments in the Indian Ocean based on distribution of Recent benthic foraminifera},
	journal = {Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology},
	volume = {291},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1967; PT: J; UT: WOS:000278782400021},
	pages = {429-442},
	abstract = {Multivariate analysis was performed on percentages of 46 species of unstained deep-sea benthic foraminifera from 131 core-top to near-core-top samples (322-5013 m) from across the Indian Ocean. Faunal data are combined with GEOSECS geochemical data to investigate any relationship between benthic foraminifera (assemblages and species) and deep-sea properties. In general, benthic foraminifera show a good correlation to surface productivity, organic carbon flux to the sea floor, deep-sea oxygenation and, to a lesser extent, to bottom temperature, without correlation with the water depths. The foraminiferal census data combined with geochemical data has enabled the division of the Indian Ocean into two faunal provinces. Province A occupies the northwestern Indian Ocean (Arabian Sea region) where surface primary production has a major maximum during the summer monsoon season and a secondary maximum during winter monsoon season that leads to high organic flux to the seafloor, making the deep-sea one of the most oxygen-deficient regions in the world ocean, with a pronounced oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). This province is dominated by benthic foraminifera characteristic of low oxygen and high organic food flux including Uvigerina peregrina, Robulus nicobarensis, Bolivinita pseudopunctata, Bolivinita sp., Bulimina aculeata, Bulimina alazanensis, Ehrenbergina carinata and Cassidulina carinata. Province B covers southern, southeastern and eastern parts of the Indian Ocean and is dominated by Nuttallides umbonifera, Epistominella exigua, Globocassidulina subglobosa, Uvigerina proboscidea, Cibicides wuellerstorfi, Cassidulina laevigata, Pullenia bulloides, Pullenia osloensis, Pyrgo murrhina, Oridorsalis umbonatus, Gyroidinoides (=Gyroidina) soldanii and Gyroidinoides cf. gemma suggesting well-oxygenated, cold deep water with low (oligotrophic) and pulsed food supply. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.03.012},
	author = {De, Soma and Gupta, Anil K.}
}
@article {1836,
	title = {Eurasian Pastoralists And Their Shifting Regional Interactions at the Steppe Margin: Settlement History At Mukri, Kazakhstan},
	journal = {World Archaeology},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1880In Press
},
	month = {2010},
	author = {Frachetti, M. and Benecke, N. and Mar{\textquoteright}yashev, A. N. and Doumani, P.}
}
@article {232,
	title = {Holocene changes in Proboscia diatom productivity in shelf waters of the north-western Antarctic Peninsula},
	journal = {Antarctic Science},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 789; 559YJ Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:51Y},
	pages = {3-10},
	abstract = {Diatoms are important primary producers in present day Antarctic waters but their relative significance in the past is less clear. In this Study We used long-chain diols to reconstruct Proboscia diatom productivity in shelf waters of the western Antarctic Peninsula over the last 8500 yr. Biomarker lipid analysis revealed the presence of a suite of long-chain diols in the sediments, mainly comprising the C-28 and C-30 1,14-diol isomers derived from Proboscia diatoms and C-28 and C-30 1,13-diols derived from other unknown algae. The relative importance of Proboscia diatoms was assessed using the relative abundances of 1, 14-diols versus 1, 13-diols, which showed that Proboscia diatoms were relatively more abundant during the Late Holocene, suggesting that stronger upwelling of circumpolar waters Occurred at that time. The variations in the diol index strongly correlate with melt events in the Siple Dome ice core, Suggesting that the climatic processes responsible for changes in mean summer temperature, open marine influence and atmospheric cyclonic activity recorded at Siple Dome, also controlled the productivity of Proboscia diatoms on the western Antarctic Peninsula region.},
	issn = {0954-1020},
	doi = {10.1017/S095410200999037x},
	author = {Willmott, V. and Rampen, S. W. and Domack, E. and Canals, M. and Damste, J. S. S. and Schouten, S.}
}
@article {248,
	title = {In situ cosmogenic (10)Be production-rate calibration from the Southern Alps, New Zealand RID D-4720-2011},
	journal = {Quaternary Geochronology},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 2031; PT: J; UT: WOS:000280946500002},
	pages = {392-409},
	abstract = {We present a (10)Be production-rate calibration derived from an early Holocene debris-flow deposit at about 1000 m above sea level in the central Southern Alps, New Zealand, in the mid-latitude Southern Hemisphere. Ten radiocarbon ages on macrofossils from a soil horizon buried by the deposit date the deposit to 9690 +/- 50 calendar years before AD2008. Surface (10)Be concentrations of seven large boulders partially embedded in the stable surface of the deposit are tightly distributed, yielding a standard deviation of similar to 2\%. Conversion of the (10)Be measurements to sea level/high-latitude values using each of five standard scaling methods indicates (10)Be production rates of 3.84 +/- 0.08, 3.87 +/- 0.08, 3.83 +/- 0.08, 4.15 +/- 0.09, and 3.74 +/- 0.08 atoms g(-1) a(-1), relative to the {\textquoteright}07KNSTD{\textquoteright} (10)Be AMS standard, and including only the local time-integrated production-rate uncertainties. When including a sea level high-latitude scaling uncertainty the overall error is similar to 2.5\% (1 sigma) for each rate. To test the regional applicability of this production-rate calibration, we measured (10)Be concentrations in a set of nearby moraines deposited before 18060 +/- 200 years before AD2008. The (10)Be ages are only consistent with minimum-limiting (14)C age data when calculated using the new production rates. This also suggests that terrestrial in situ cosmogenic-nuclide production did not change significantly from Last Glacial Maximum to Holocene time in New Zealand. Our production rates agree well with those of a recent calibration study from northeastern North America, but are 12-14\% lower than other commonly adopted values. The production-rate values presented here can be used elsewhere in New Zealand for rock surfaces exposed during or since the last glacial period. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1871-1014},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quageo.2009.12.001},
	author = {Putnam, A. E. and Schaefer, J. M. and Barrell, D. J. A. and Vandergoes, M. and Denton, G. H. and Kaplan, M. R. and Finkel, R. C. and Schwartz, R. and Goehring, B. M. and Kelley, S. E.}
}
@article { ISI:000280946500002,
	title = {In situ cosmogenic Be-10 production-rate calibration from the Southern Alps, New Zealand},
	journal = {QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY},
	volume = {5},
	number = {{4}},
	year = {2010},
	month = {AUG},
	pages = {392-409},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We present a Be-10 production-rate calibration derived from an early Holocene debris-flow deposit at about 1000 m above sea level in the central Southern Alps, New Zealand, in the mid-latitude Southern Hemisphere. Ten radiocarbon ages on macrofossils from a soil horizon buried by the deposit date the deposit to 9690 +/- 50 calendar years before AD2008. Surface Be-10 concentrations of seven large boulders partially embedded in the stable surface of the deposit are tightly distributed, yielding a standard deviation of similar to 2\%. Conversion of the Be-10 measurements to sea level/high-latitude values using each of five standard scaling methods indicates Be-10 production rates of 3.84 +/- 0.08, 3.87 +/- 0.08, 3.83 +/- 0.08, 4.15 +/- 0.09, and 3.74 +/- 0.08 atoms g(-1) a(-1), relative to the {\textquoteleft}07KNSTD{\textquoteright} Be-10 AMS standard, and including only the local time-integrated production-rate uncertainties. When including a sea level high-latitude scaling uncertainty the overall error is similar to 2.5\% (1 sigma) for each rate. To test the regional applicability of this production-rate calibration, we measured Be-10 concentrations in a set of nearby moraines deposited before 18060 +/- 200 years before AD2008. The Be-10 ages are only consistent with minimum-limiting C-14 age data when calculated using the new production rates. This also suggests that terrestrial in situ cosmogenic-nuclide production did not change significantly from Last Glacial Maximum to Holocene time in New Zealand. Our production rates agree well with those of a recent calibration study from northeastern North America, but are 12-14\% lower than other commonly adopted values. The production-rate values presented here can be used elsewhere in New Zealand for rock surfaces exposed during or since the last glacial period. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Be-10, C-14, Cosmogenic nuclide, Debris flow, Holocene, Last glacial maximum, Moraine, Production rate, South Island},
	issn = {1871-1014},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quageo.2009.12.001},
	author = {Putnam, A. E. and Schaefer, J. M. and Barrell, D. J. A. and Vandergoes, M. and Denton, G. H. and Kaplan, M. R. and Finkel, R. C. and Schwartz, R. and Goehring, B. M. and Kelley, S. E.}
}
@article {231,
	title = {Late Holocene Evolution of the Mekong Subaqueous Delta, Southern Vietnam},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {269},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 848; 560AN Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:53Y},
	pages = {46-60},
	abstract = {As Asia{\textquoteright}s third largest river. with regard to sediment load, the Mekong River delivers approximately 160 million tons of sediment per year to the South China Sea. High-resolution seismic profiling and coring during 2006 and 2007 cruises revealed a low gradient, subaqueous delta system, up to 20 m thick, surrounding the modern Mekong River Delta (MRD) in the west of the South China Sea. Based on clinoform structure, grain size Pb-210, AMS C-14, and delta C-13 results, the subaqueous delta is divided into four zones defined by different sedimentary processes and depositional features. Over the past 3000 yr, the evolution of the MRD has shown a morphological asymmetry indicated by a large down-drift area and a rapid progradation around Cape Camau, similar to 200 km downstream from the river mouth. This asymmetric feature is consistent with increased wave influence. The strong southwestward coastal current, strengthened by the Strong NE monsoon, plays an important role locally in longshore transport of resuspended sediments into the Gulf of Thailand. A late Holocene sediment budget for the MRD has been determined, based on the area and thickness of deltaic sediment. Approximately 80\% of Mekong delivered sediment has been trapped within the delta area, which, together with a falling sea-level, resulted in a rapidly prograding MRD over the past 3000 yr. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Margeo.2009.12.005},
	author = {Xue, Z. and Liu, J. P. and DeMaster, D. and Van Nguyen, L. and Ta, T. K. O.}
}
@article {489,
	title = {Microbial carbon cycling in oligotrophic regional aquifers near the Tono Uranium Mine, Japan as inferred from delta(13)C and Delta(14)C values of in situ phospholipid fatty acids and carbon sources},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 2057; PT: J; UT: WOS:000278510300008},
	pages = {3785-3805},
	abstract = {Microorganisms are ubiquitous in deep subsurface environments, but their role in the global carbon cycle is not well-understood. The natural abundance delta(13)C and Delta(14)C values of microbial membrane phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were measured and used to assess the carbon sources of bacteria in sedimentary and granitic groundwaters sampled from three boreholes in the vicinity of the Tono Uranium Mine, Gifu, Japan. Sample storage experiments were performed and drill waters analyzed to characterize potential sources of microbial contamination. The most abundant PLFA structures in all waters sampled were 16:0,16:1 omega 7c, cy17:0, and 18:1 omega 7c. A PLFA biomarker for type 11 methanotrophs, 18:1 omega 8c, comprised 3\% and 18\% of total PLFAs in anoxic sedimentary and granitic waters, respectively, sampled from the KNA-6 borehole. The presence of this biomarker was unexpected given that type II methanotrophs are considered obligate aerobes. However, a bacterium that grows aerobically with CH(4) as the sole energy source and which also produces 56\% of its total PLFAs as 18:1 omega 8c was isolated from both waters, providing additional evidence for the presence of type II methanotrophs. The Delta(14)C values determined for type II methanotroph PLFAs in the sedimentary (-86 parts per thousand) and granite (-867 parts per thousand) waters were very similar to the Delta(14)C values of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in each water (similar to-850 parts per thousand). This suggests that type II methanotrophs ultimately derive all their carbon from inorganic sources, whether directly from DIC and/or from CH4 produced by the reduction of DIC. In contrast, delta(13)C values of type II PLFAs in the sedimentary (-93 parts per thousand) and granite (-60 parts per thousand) waters indicate that these organisms use different carbon assimilation schemes in each environment despite very similar delta(13)C(CH4) values (-similar to 95 parts per thousand) for each water. The delta(13)C(PLFA) values (-28 parts per thousand to -45 parts per thousand) of non-methanotrophic bacteria in the KNA-6 LTL water do not clearly distinguish between heterotrophic and autotrophic metabolisms, but Delta(14)C(PLFA) values indicate that >65\% of total bacteria filtered from the KNA-6 LTL water are heterotrophs. Ancient Delta(14)C values (similar to-1000 parts per thousand) of some PLFAs suggest that many heterotrophs utilize ancient organic matter, perhaps from lignite seams within the sedimentary rocks. The more negative range of delta(13)C(PLFA) values determined for the KNA-6 granitic water (-42 parts per thousand to -66 parts per thousand) are likely the result of a microbial ecosystem dominated by chemolithoautotrophy, perhaps fuelled by abiogenic H(2). Results of sample storage experiments showed substantial shifts in microbial community composition and delta(13)C(PLFA) values (as much as 5 parts per thousand) during 2-4 days of dark, refrigerated, aseptic storage. However, water samples collected and immediately filtered back in the lab from freshly drilled MSB-2 borehole appeared to maintain the same relative relationships between delta(13)C(PLFA) values for sedimentary and granitic host rocks as observed for samples directly filtered under artesian flow from the KNA-6 borehole of the Tono Uranium Mine. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2010.03.016},
	author = {Mills, Christopher T. and Amano, Yuki and Slater, Gregory F. and Dias, Robert F. and Iwatsuki, Teruki and Mandernack, Kevin W.}
}
@article {381,
	title = {Mid-Brunhes strengthening of the Indian Ocean Dipole caused increased equatorial East African and decreased Australasian rainfall},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1966; PT: J; UT: WOS:000276025100002},
	pages = {L06706-L06706},
	abstract = {The tropical Indian Ocean is an important component of the largest warm pool, marked by changes in sea surface temperatures and depths of thermocline and mixed layer in its western and eastern extremities leading to the development of a dipole mode - the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). A narrow band of westerlies (7 degrees N to 7 degrees S) sweep the equatorial Indian Ocean during the April - May and October - November transitions between the summer - and winter-monsoon seasons. These Indian Ocean equatorial westerlies (IEW) are closely related to the IOD, intensifying the upper ocean Eastward Equatorial current also known as Wyrtki jets. The strength of the IOD/IEW determines the moisture content in East Africa. A major decrease in the strength of the IEW (strengthening or positive mode of the IOD) during the mid-Brunhes epoch (similar to 300-250 Kyr BP) coincides with a wetter equatorial East Africa, a drier Australasia and a stronger Indian summer monsoon, indicating that the IOD/IEW play a significant role in driving climate change in East Africa, Australasia and South Asia. Citation: Gupta, A. K., S. Sarkar, S. De, S. C. Clemens, and A. Velu (2010), Mid-Brunhes strengthening of the Indian Ocean Dipole caused increased equatorial East African and decreased Australasian rainfall, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L06706, doi: 10.1029/2009GL042225.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2009GL042225},
	author = {Gupta, Anil K. and Sarkar, Sudipta and De, Soma and Clemens, Steven C. and Velu, Angamuthu}
}
@article {250,
	title = {Molecular and Isotopic Analysis of Motor Oil from a Biodiesel-Driven Vehicle},
	journal = {Energy \& Fuels},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 816; 555MH Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:63; YY},
	pages = {1037-1042},
	abstract = {Biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), is increasingly recognized as a renewable fuel. While some environmental impacts of biodiesel usage have been investigated, accumulation of organic compounds in motor oil, which can subsequently leak onto roads, has not been studied. Because studies have shown that toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) accumulate in the motor oil of engines fueled with fossil diesel or gasoline, the objective of this study was to determine if this also occurs for engines fueled with biodiesel. Here, we sampled and analyzed motor oil of a biodiesel-powerd 2005 Volkswagen Passat Wagon over 3240 km for personal-use driving. Using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), we found a total of 0.5\% FAMEs in the motor oil after 3240 km. We also used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and did not detect PAHs or other organic compounds not present in the initial motor oil. Using natural radiocarbon analysis, a powerful technique capable of detecting biodiesel-derived carbon that would be otherwise undetectable by gas chromatography, we found a total of 0.68\% biodiesel-derived carbon after 3240 km. This is similar to the amount of FAMEs found in these samples with GC-FID, indicating that the primary source of biodiesel-derived carbon in the motor oil is FAMEs (and not PAHs or other carbonaceous species). This result suggests that used motor oil of biodiesel vehicles can be less toxic based on PAH content than vehicles fueled with fossil diesel or gasoline.},
	issn = {0887-0624},
	doi = {10.1021/Ef9011388},
	author = {Peacock, E. E. and Arey, J. S. and DeMello, J. A. and McNichol, A. P. and Nelson, R. K. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {361,
	title = {No signature of abyssal carbon n intermediate waters off Chile during deglaciation},
	journal = {Nature Geosciences},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 772; YY},
	pages = {192-195},
	doi = {10.1038/NGEO745},
	author = {dePol-Holz, R. and Keigwin, L. and Southon, J. and Hebbeln, D. and Mohtadi, M.}
}
@article {513,
	title = {Photosynthetic isotope biosignatures in laminated micro-stromatolitic and non-laminated nodules associated with modern, freshwater microbialites in Pavilion Lake, BC RID B-8520-2011},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {274},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 2056; PT: J; UT: WOS:000279094700005},
	pages = {56-67},
	abstract = {The influence of microbial activity on carbonate precipitation was investigated within micro-stromatolitic nodules associated with modem, freshwater microbialites located in Pavilion Lake, B.C. Observed carbonate delta(13)C values enriched by up to +3.6 parts per thousand as compared to predicted abiotic carbonate delta(13)C values from measured dissolved inorganic carbon (mean -1.2 parts per thousand, n=13) were consistent with microbial photosynthetic influence on in situ precipitation within the nodule microenvironment. Estimated carbonate precipitation temperatures within the nodules based on delta(18)O were consistent with recorded summertime temperatures, indicative of precipitation during the period of highest levels of photosynthetic activity. Low delta(13)C values of organic matter within the nodules (-30.6 to 21.1 parts per thousand) and an average inorganic to organic carbon Delta delta(13)C value of 26.8 parts per thousand reflected the preferential uptake of (12)C during non-CO(2) limited photosynthesis, supporting the generation of (13)C-enriched DIC. Microelectrode profiles through the nodules showed oxygen supersaturation of up to similar to 275\%, elevated pH compared to ambient water and a lack of any observable dissolved sulphide, Mn or Fe further indicated that photosynthetic activity was the predominant metabolic process within the nodule during light exposure. Microbial phospholipid fatty acid profiles of the nodule communities were indicative of bacteria rather than eukaryotes and PLFA delta(13)C values were depleted relative to the bulk cell by 2.6-6.6 parts per thousand, consistent with a predominance of photosynthetic microbes. Scanning electron microscopy images of the relationship between carbonate minerals and filaments indicated that carbonate precipitation had occurred in situ due to microbial influences on the geochemistry within the nodule microenvironment rather than due to cell surface effects or trapping and binding. The observation of photosynthetically induced (13)C-enrichment of in situ precipitated carbonate within the nodule microenvironment is thus a biosignature of the activity of these surface communities and is consistent with the hypothesized role of biology in the formation of microbialites. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0009-2541},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.03.016},
	author = {Brady, A. L. and Slater, G. F. and Omelon, C. R. and Southam, G. and Druschel, G. and Andersen, D. T. and Hawes, I. and Laval, B. and Lim, D. S. S.}
}
@article {2439,
	title = {Reduced ice extent on the western Antarctic Peninsula at 700{\textendash}970 cal. yr B.P.},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010/07/01},
	pages = {635 - 638},
	abstract = {Rapid warming and consequent ice-shelf collapse have focused attention on the glacial record of the Antarctic Peninsula. Here, we present the first record of terrestrial organic material exposed by recently retreating ice that bears on past glacier extent and climate in this sensitive region. Radiocarbon dates show that ice on Anvers Island was at or behind its present position at 700{\textendash}970 cal. yr B.P., coincident with ice reduction elsewhere in the Southern Hemisphere. Moreover, the data indicate that present reduced ice extent on the western Antarctic Peninsula is not unprecedented and is similar to that experienced during at least three periods in the last 5600 yr.},
	doi = {10.1130/G30932.1},
	url = {http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/38/7/635.abstract},
	author = {Hall, B.L. and Koffman, T. and Denton, G.H.}
}
@article {426,
	title = {Relative sea-level changes, Schuchert Dal, East Greenland, with implications for ice extent in late-glacial and Holocene times},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1953; PT: J; SI: SI; UT: WOS:000284724400003},
	pages = {3370-3378},
	abstract = {The chronology of late-glacial and Holocene ice fluctuations in East Greenland is important for documenting glacier response to climate change and for determining the mechanisms behind abrupt climate switches. Raised marine sediments and landforms suggest culmination of the late-glacial Milne Land Stade in Schuchert Dal alongside Scoresby Sund before similar to 11,900-12,300 cal yr B.P. Ice in Schuchert Dal apparently receded during the later part of the Younger Dryas, consistent with the idea that this period was characterized by strong seasonality. A stillstand or slight readvance probably interrupted overall recession just prior to 11,000 cal yr B.P. In many locations, ice was back close to present positions by the start of the Holocene. The most extensive glacier advance of the Holocene occurred during the Little Ice Age and was restricted to within a few kilometers of present-day ice margins. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.03.013},
	author = {Hall, B. L. and Baroni, C. and Denton, G. H.}
}
@article {527,
	title = {Stable isotopes reveal Holocene changes in the diet of Ad,lie penguins in Northern Victoria Land (Ross Sea, Antarctica)},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {164},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 2350; PT: J; TC: 6; UT: WOS:000284271900007},
	pages = {911-919},
	abstract = {Ad,lie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) modern and fossil eggshells and guano samples collected from ornithogenic soils in Terra Nova Bay (Victoria Land, Ross Sea) were processed for carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios with the aim of detecting past penguin dietary changes. A detailed and greatly expanded Ad,lie penguin dietary record dated back to 7,200 years BP has been reconstructed for the investigated area. Our data indicate a significant dietary shift between fish and krill, with a gradual decrease from past to present time in the proportion of fish compared to krill in Ad,lie penguin diet. From 7,200 to 2,000 years BP, delta(13)C and delta(15)N values indicate fish as the most eaten prey. The dietary contribution of lower-trophic prey in penguin diet started becoming evident not earlier than 2,000 years BP, when the delta(13)C values reveal a change in the penguin feeding behavior. Modern eggshell and guano samples reveal a major dietary contribution of krill but not a krill-dominated diet, since delta(13)C values remain much too high if krill prevail in the diet. According to the Holocene environmental background attested for Victoria Land, Ad,lie penguin dietary shifts between fish and krill seem to reflect penguin paleoecological responses to different paleoenvironmental settings with different conditions of sea-ice extension and persistence. Furthermore, Ad,lie penguin diet appears to be particularly affected by environmental changes in a very specific period within the breeding season, namely the egg-laying period when penguin dietary and feeding habit shifts are clearly documented by the delta(13)C of eggshell carbonate.},
	issn = {0029-8549},
	doi = {10.1007/s00442-010-1790-2},
	author = {Lorenzini, Sandra and Baroni, Carlo and Fallick, Anthony E. and Baneschi, Ilaria and Salvatore, Maria Cristina and Zanchetta, Giovanni and Dallai, Luigi}
}
@article {378,
	title = {Unique Baltic Outcrops Reveal Millennia of Ecological Changes},
	journal = {EOS, TRANSACTIONS AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1978},
	pages = {101},
	abstract = {Throughout Earth{\textquoteright}s history, tectonic forces, often violent and unpredictable, have been responsible for exposing geological formations to scientific scrutiny. But forces of uplift are not restricted to plate boundaries. For example, when looking at forested coastal dunes bordering placid Curonian Lagoon along the Lithuanian coast of the Baltic Sea, one hardly suspects that any powerful forces are at work. Yet this is a site where massive migrating hills of sand have put pressure on the deep strata of the ancient lagoon, forcing its sediments to the surface and offering rare access to fossils of the Holocene, which spans the past 10,000 years.},
	doi = {10.1029/2010EO110001},
	author = {Buynevich, I. V. and Bitinas, A. and Damu{\v s}yte, A. and Pupienis, D.}
}
@inbook {1454,
	title = {8000 Years of Human Settlement and Land Use in Old Ranch Canyon, Santa Rosa Island, California},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh California Islands Symposium},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2074},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {21-31},
	publisher = {Institute for Wildlife Studies},
	organization = {Institute for Wildlife Studies},
	address = {Arcata, CA},
	author = {Rick, Torben C.},
	editor = {Damiani, Christine C.}
}
@article {429,
	title = {Abrupt climate change as an important agent of ecological change in the Northeast US throughout the past 15,000 years},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2009},
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S SUST MAN HEML ECOS, P81 HOU J, 2007, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V34, ARTN L19706 HOU J, 2009, DATA CONTRIBUTION SE HOU JZ, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q03008 HUANG YS, 2002, GEOLOGY, V30, P1103 JACKSON ST, 2002, DIVERS DISTRIB, V8, P275 JACKSON ST, 2004, ANNU REV EARTH PL SC, V32, P495, DOI 10.1146/annurev.earth.32.101802.120435 JOHNSON WC, 1989, J BIOGEOGR, V16, P561 KASHIAN DM, 2005, ECOLOGY, V86, P643 KELLOGG DC, 1991, PREHISTORIC LANDSCAP KUREK J, 2004, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V23, P627, DOI 10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00211-7 KURZ WA, 2008, NATURE, V452, P987, DOI 10.1038/nature06777 LEOPOLD EB, 1956, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V52, P863 LEVESQUE AJ, 1997, NATURE, V385, P423 LEVIN DA, 1984, AM J BOT, V71, P1040 LI YX, 2007, HOLOCENE, V17, P3, DOI 10.1177/0959683606069386 LINDBLADH M, 2007, QUATERNARY RES, V67, P502, DOI 10.1016/j.yqres.2007.01.010 LYFORD ME, 2003, ECOL MONOGR, V73, P567 MAENZAGMELCH TE, 1997, HOLOCENE, V7, P25 MAENZAGMELCH TE, 1997, J QUATERNARY SCI, V12, P15 MARLON JR, 2009, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V106, P2519, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0808212106 MAYLE FE, 1995, ECOL MONOGR, V65, P130 MCLAUCHLAN KK, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P7466, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0701779104 MOTT RJ, 1977, GEROGR PHYS QUATERN, V31, P139 MOTT RJ, 1986, NATURE, V323, P247 MULLER SD, 2003, PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL, V193, P51, DOI 10.1016/S0031-0182(02)00710-1 NEWBY PE, 2000, QUATERNARY RES, V53, P352 OSWALD WW, 2007, J BIOGEOGR, V34, P900, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01650.x OVERPECK JT, 1985, QUATERNARY RES, V23, P87 PAINE RT, 1998, ECOSYSTEMS, V1, P535 PARSHALL T, 2002, J BIOGEOGR, V29, P1305 PARSHALL T, 2003, ECOLOGY, V84, P736 PETEET DM, 1990, QUATERNARY RES, V33, P219 PRENTICE IC, 1991, ECOLOGY, V72, P2038 REIMER PJ, 2004, RADIOCARBON, V46, P1029 ROBINSON GS, 2005, ECOL MONOGR, V75, P295 SHEMESH A, 1998, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V25, P1935 SHUMAN B, 2001, QUATERNARY RES, V56, P401 SHUMAN B, 2001, THESIS BROWN U SHUMAN B, 2002, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V21, P1777 SHUMAN B, 2002, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V21, P1793 SHUMAN B, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P1297 SHUMAN B, 2005, ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR, V95, P237 SHUMAN B, 200 , QUATERNARY SCI REV, V24, P2194, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.03.018 SHUMAN B, 2006, QUATERNARY RES, V65, P44, DOI 10.1016/j.yqres.2005.09.001 SHUMAN B, 2006, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V25, P2992, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.02.021 SHUMAN B, 2007, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V26, P268, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.08.009 SPEAR RW, 1994, ECOL MONOGR, V64, P85 STJACQUES JM, 2000, J PALEOLIMNOL, V23, P385 SUTER SM, 1985, CURRENT RES PLEISTOC, V2, P87 TELFORD RJ, 2004, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V23, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.11.003 TZEDAKIS PC, 1992, GEROGR PHYS QUATERN, V46, P113 VANMANTGEM PJ, 2009, SCIENCE, V323, P521, DOI 10.1126/science.1165000 VIAU AE, 2007, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V26, P264, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.07.010 WEBB T, 1982, 3RD P N AM PAL CONV, V2, P569 WEBB T, 1986, VEGETATIO, V67, P75 WHITE PS, 1985, ECOLOGY NATURAL DIST, P3 WHITEHEAD DR, 1978, POL ARCH HYDROBIOL, V25, P471 WHITEHEAD DR, 1979, QUATERNARY RES, V12, P333 WHITMORE J, 2005, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V24, P1828, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.03.005 WILLIAMS JW, 2002, GEOLOGY, V30, P971 WILLIAMS JW, 2004, ECOL MONOGR, V74, P309 WILLIAMS JW, 2006, ATLAS POLLEN VEGETAT WILLIAMS JW, 2008, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V27, P669, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.01.004 WINKLER MG, 1985, QUATERNARY RES, V23, P301 YU ZC, 1997, GEOLOGY, V25, P251 YU ZC, 2007, QUATERNARY RES, V67, P297, DOI 10.1016/j.yqres.2006.08.006 Shuman, Bryan N. Newby, Paige Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Pergamon-elsevier science ltd Oxford Sp. Iss. SI; YY},
	pages = {1693-1709},
	abstract = {We use a series of tests to evaluate two competing hypotheses about the association of climate and vegetation trends in the northeastern United States over the past 15 kyrs. First, that abrupt climate changes on the scale of centuries had little influence on long-term vegetation trends, and second, that abrupt climate changes interacted with slower climate trends to determine the regional sequence of vegetation phases. Our results support the second. Large dissimilarity between temporally close fossil pollen samples indicates large vegetation changes within 500 years across >4 degrees of latitude at ca 13.25-12.75, 12.0-11.5, 10.5, 8.25, and 5.25 ka. The evidence of vegetation change coincides with independent isotopic and sedimentary indicators of rapid shifts in temperature and moisture balance. In several cases, abrupt changes reversed long-term vegetation trends, such as when spruce (Picea) and pine (Pinus) pollen percentages rapidly declined to the north and increased to the south at ca 13.25-12.75 and 8.25 ka respectively. Abrupt events accelerated other long-term trends, such as a regional increase in beech (Fagus) pollen percentages at 8.5-8.0 ka. The regional hemlock (Tsuga) decline at ca 5.25 ka is unique among the abrupt events, and may have been induced by high climatic variability (i.e., repeated severe droughts from 5.7 to 2.0 ka); autoregressive ecological and evolutionary processes could have maintained low hemlock abundance until ca 2.0 ka. Delayed increases in chestnut (Castanea) pollen abundance after 5.8 and 2.5 ka also illustrate the potential for multi-century climate variability to influence species{\textquoteright} recruitment as well as mortality. Future climate changes will probably also rapidly initiate persistent vegetation change, particularly by acting as broad, regional-scale disturbances. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.04.005},
	author = {Shuman, B. N. and Newby, P. and Donnelly, J. P.}
}
@article {295,
	title = {Age Validation of Freshwater Drum using Bomb Radiocarbon},
	journal = {Transactions of the American Fisheries Society},
	volume = {138},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 802; 477EI Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:58Y},
	pages = {385-396},
	abstract = {The ages of freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens have typically been estimated by counting the growth increments on their scales or otoliths, but the accuracy of these estimates has not been validated. We used accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) bomb radiocarbon dating to validate age estimates from sagittal otoliths of freshwater drum from the Lake Winnebago system, Wisconsin. The freshwater drum Delta C-14 chronology from the AMS assay closely reflects the timing and shape of other bomb radiocarbon chronologies, thus validating the accuracy of otolith growth increments to at least age 52 +/- 2 years. The progression of a strong 1983 year-class, which was detected every year sampled over the course of the study (1986, 2003-2007), and indices of year-class abundance calculated from trawling assessments on Lake Winnebago (1986-2007) corroborated otolith ages. Age estimate comparisons between scales, anal spines, dorsal spines, and otoliths showed scales and spines to be completely unreliable as aging structures after age 2. Freshwater drum live to very old ages relative to most other Great Lakes fishes; our oldest specimen based on an otolith age estimate was 58 years old.},
	issn = {0002-8487},
	doi = {10.1577/T08-097.1},
	author = {Davis-Foust, S. L. and Bruch, R. M. and Campana, S. E. and Olynyk, R. P. and Janssen, J.}
}
@article {369,
	title = {Atlantic hurricanes and climate over the past 1,500 years},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {460},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1893; ISI Document Delivery No.: 483CB Times Cited: 2 Cited Reference Count: 37 Cited References: BOLDT K, MAR GEOL UNPUB COBB KM, 2003, NATURE, V424, P271, DOI 10.1038/nature01779 DONNELLY JP, 2001, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V113, P714 DONNELLY JP, 2001, GEOLOGY, V29, P615 DONNELLY JP, 2004, MAR GEOL, V210, P107, DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.005 DONNELLY JP, 2007, NATURE, V447, P465, DOI 10.1038/nature05834 ELSNER JB, 2008, J APPL METEOROL CLIM, V47, P368, DOI 10.1175/2007JAMC1692.1 GARCIAHERRERA R, 2005, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V110, ARTN D03109 GRAHAM NE, 2007, CLIMATIC CHANGE, V83, P241, DOI 10.1007/s10584-007-9239-2 HIPPENSTEEL SP, 2005, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V117, P250, DOI 10.1130/B25535.1 HOLLAND GJ, 2007, PHIL T R SOC A, DOI 10.1098/RSTA.2007.2083 JONES PD, 1997, INT J CLIMATOL, V17, P1433 KAPLAN A, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V103, P18567 KEIGWIN LD, 1996, SCIENCE, V274, P1504 KNUTSON TR, 2008, NAT GEOSCI, V1, P359, DOI 10.1038/ngeo202 LAMBERT WJ, 2003, T GULF COAST ASS GEO, V53, P443 LANDSEA CW, 2007, EOS T AGU, V88, P197, DOI 10.1029/2007E0180001 LIU KB, 2000, QUATERNARY RES, V54, P238 LUTERBACHER J, 2002, ATMOS SCI LETT, V2, P114, DOI 10.1006/ASLE.2001.0044 MANN ME, SCIENCE UNPUB MANN ME, 2005, J CLIMATE, V18, P447 MANN ME, 2007, EOS, V88, P349, DOI 10.1029/2007E0360002 MANN ME, 2007, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V34, ARTN L22707 MANN ME, 2008, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V35, DOI 10.1029/2008GL034716 NEU U, 2008, NATURE, V451, E5, DOI 10.1038/nature06576 NYBERG J, 2007, NATURE, V447, P698, DOI 10.1038/nature05895 OTVOS EG, 2002, QUATERNARY RES, V57, P425 RAYNER NA, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108, ARTN 4407 RICHEY JN, 2007, GEOLOGY, V35, P423, DOI 10.1130/G23507A.1 SABBATELLI TA, J GEOPHYS RES UNPUB SABBATELLI TA, 2007, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V112, ARTN D17114 SCILEPPI E, 2007, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V8, P1 SCOTT DB, 2003, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V115, P1027 SMITH TM, 2003, J CLIMATE, V16, P1495 VECCHI GA, 2007, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V34, ARTN L08702 WOODRUFF JD, 2008, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V9, DOI 10.1029/2008GC002043 WOODRUFF JD, 2008, GEOLOGY, V36, P391, DOI 10.1130/G24731A.1 Mann, Michael E. Woodruff, Jonathan D. Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Zhang, Zhihua National Science Foundation [ATM-0542356, EAR-0519118, OCE-0402746]; YY},
	pages = {880-U115},
	abstract = {Atlantic tropical cyclone activity, as measured by annual storm counts, reached anomalous levels over the past decade(1). The short nature of the historical record and potential issues with its reliability in earlier decades, however, has prompted an ongoing debate regarding the reality and significance of the recent rise(2-5). Here we place recent activity in a longer-term context by comparing two independent estimates of tropical cyclone activity over the past 1,500 years. The first estimate is based on a composite of regional sedimentary evidence of landfalling hurricanes, while the second estimate uses a previously published statistical model of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity driven by proxy reconstructions of past climate changes. Both approaches yield consistent evidence of a peak in Atlantic tropical cyclone activity during medieval times (around AD 1000) followed by a subsequent lull in activity. The statistical model indicates that the medieval peak, which rivals or even exceeds (within uncertainties) recent levels of activity, results from the reinforcing effects of La-Nina-like climate conditions and relative tropical Atlantic warmth.},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature08219},
	author = {Mann, M. E. and Woodruff, J. D. and Donnelly, J. P. and Zhang, Z. H.}
}
@article {467,
	title = {Changes in sediment and organic carbon accumulation in a highly-disturbed ecosystem: The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (California, USA)},
	journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
	volume = {59},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1845; Sp. Iss. SI 477XX Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:49Y},
	pages = {154-163},
	abstract = {We used the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta CA (Delta, hereafter) as a model system for understanding how human activities influence the delivery of sediment and total organic carbon (TOC) over the past 50-60 years. Sediment cores were collected from sites within the Delta representing the Sacramento River (SAC), the San Joaquin River (SJR), and Franks Tract (FT), a flooded agricultural tract. A variety of anthropogenic tracers including (CS)-C-137, total DDE (Sigma DDE) and brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) congeners were used to quantify sediment accumulation rates. This information was combined with total organic carbon (TOC) profiles to quantify rates of TOC accumulation. Across the three sites, sediment and TOC accumulation rates were four to eight-fold higher prior to 1972. Changes in sediment and TOC accumulation were coincident with completion of several large reservoirs and increased agriculture and urbanization in the Delta watershed. Radiocarbon content of TOC indicated that much of the carbon delivered to the Delta is "pre-aged" reflecting processing in the Delta watershed or during transport to the sites rather than an input of predominantly contemporary carbon (e.g., 900-1400 years BP in surface sediments and 2200 yrs BP and 3610 yrs BP at the base of the SJR and FT cores, respectively). Together, these data suggest that human activities have altered the amount and age of TOC accumulating in the Delta since the 1940s. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-326X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.03.025},
	author = {Canuel, E. A. and Lerberg, E. J. and Dickhut, R. M. and Kuehl, S. A. and Bianchi, T. S. and Wakeham, S. G.}
}
@article {488,
	title = {A chronology of hurricane landfalls at Little Sippewissett Marsh, Massachusetts, USA, using optical dating},
	journal = {Geomorphology},
	volume = {109},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 861; ISI Document Delivery No.: 465RS Times Cited: 1 Cited Reference Count: 47 Cited References: *NOAA NOS COOPS, 2006, VER HIST WAT LEV DAT AITKEN MJ, 1985, THERMOLUMINESCENCE D ANDERSON TW, 1974, CAN J EARTH SCI, V11, P678 BAILEY RM, 1997, RADIAT MEAS, V27, P123 BAILEY SD, 2001, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V20, P701 BALLARINI M, 2003, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V22, P1011, DOI 10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00043-X BERGER GW, 2003, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V22, P1043, DOI 10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00017-9 BOOSE ER, 2001, ECOL MONOGR, V71, P27 BOSSAK BH, 2003, EARLY 19 CENTURY US BOTTERJENSEN L, 1988, NUCL TRACKS RAD MEAS, V14, P187 BOTTERJENSEN L, 1997, RADIAT MEAS, V27, P749 CHOI JH, 2003, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V22, P407 DIVIGALPITIYA WMR, 1982, THESIS S FRASER U BU DONNELLY JP, 2001, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V113, P714 DONNELLY JP, 2001, GEOLOGY, V29, P615 DONNELLY JP, 2004, HURRICANES TYPHOONS, P58 DONNELLY JP, 2004, MAR GEOL, V210, P107, DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.005 DULLER GAT, 2004, J QUATERNARY SCI, V19, P183, DOI 10.1002/jqs.809 EMANUEL K, 2005, NATURE, V436, P686, DOI 10.1038/nature03906 GALBRAITH RF, 1999, ARCHAEOMETRY 2, V41, P339 GOLDENBERG SB, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P474 HENDERSONSELLERS A, 1998, B AM METEOROL SOC, V79, P19 HUNTLEY DJ, 1994, ANCIENT TL, V12, P41 JAGGER TH, 2006, J CLIMATE, V19, P3220 JAIN M, 2005, RADIAT MEAS, V39, P309 LANDSEA CW, 2004, HURRICANES TYPHOONS, P177 LANDSEA CW, 2006, SCIENCE, V313, P452, DOI 10.1126/science.1128448 LIAN OB, 2006, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V25, P2449, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.11.013 LIU KB, 1993, GEOLOGY, V21, P793 LIU KB, 2000, QUATERNARY RES, V54, P238 LUDLUM DM, 1963, EARLY AM HURRICANES MADSEN AT, 2005, MAR GEOL, V214, P251, DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.10.034 MADSEN AT, 2007, J COASTAL RES, V23, P1259, DOI 10.2112/05-0471.1 MADSEN AT, 2007, MAR GEOL, V242, P221, DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2007.03.001 MANN ME, 2006, EOS, V87, P233 MURRAY AS, 2000, RADIAT MEAS, V32, P57 MURRAY AS, 2002, GEOCHRONOMETRIA, V21, P1 MURRAY AS, 2003, RADIAT MEAS, V37, P377, DOI 10.1016/S1350-4487(03)00053-2 NEUMANN CJ, 1993, NCDC NHC HIST CLIMAT, V6 PIELKE RA, 1998, WEATHER FORECAST 2, V13, P621 PRESCOTT JR, 1988, NUCL TRACKS RAD MEAS, V14, P223 PRESCOTT JR, 1994, RADIAT MEAS, V23, P497 RHODES EJ, 2000, RADIAT MEAS, V32, P595 STUIVER M, 1998, RADIOCARBON, V40, P1041 TRENBERTH KE, 2006, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V33, ARTN L12704 WEBSTER PJ, 2005, SCIENCE, V309, P1844, DOI 10.1126/science.1116448 WINTLE AG, 2006, RADIAT MEAS, V41, P369, DOI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2005.11.001 Madsen, A. T. Duller, G. A. T. Donnelly, J. P. Roberts, H. M. Wintle, A. G. National Science Foundation [0519118] The authors wish to acknowledge Dana MacDonald for pollen analysis. This work was supported by National Science Foundation award $\#$0519118. Elsevier science bv Amsterdam Sp. Iss. SI; YY},
	pages = {36-45},
	abstract = {Optical dating has been applied to sediments preserved in Little Sippewissett Marsh, Massachusetts, USA, which are associated with overwashing of the beach barrier during hurricane strikes on the coast. The aims were to determine the hurricane landfall frequency, and make comparisons with independent age control and the historical record. Written sources of hurricane activity along the American east coast are only considered reliable back to the mid 19th century, but the sedimentary record is potentially much longer. Optical dating was applied to quartz grains extracted from thirteen samples within a sediment core from the salt-marsh. Variability in the luminescence characteristics between aliquots was observed and similar to 33\% of the measured aliquots were discarded based upon the ratio of the fast component to the medium component. The majority of the samples gave normal dose distributions implying homogeneous resetting of the luminescence signal at the time of deposition, but three of the samples required application of the minimum age model (MAM). Ages ranging between 20 +/- 2 and 594 +/- 38 years were obtained and are broadly in agreement with independent chronologies, thus demonstrating the potential of optical dating in this setting. The hurricane record based upon optical dating extends approximately 300 years further back in time than the official National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) record. The localised nature of hurricane landfalls means that it will be necessary to collect multiple cores from a number of different sites in order to build up a complete hurricane record for this part of the coast. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0169-555X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.08.023},
	author = {Madsen, A. T. and Duller, G. A. T. and Donnelly, J. P. and Roberts, H. M. and Wintle, A. G.}
}
@article {497,
	title = {DNA and lipid molecular stratigraphic records of haptophyte succession in the Black Sea during the Holocene},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {284},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1853; 487NY Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:78; YY},
	pages = {610-621},
	abstract = {Previous studies suggest that the coccolithophorid haptophyte Emiliania huxleyi entered the Black Sea similar to 3400 yrs ago and since then a coccolith ooze defined as Unit I has developed. Unit I sediments contain long-chain alkenones derived from E huxleyi whereas the alkenone distribution of the deeper coccolith-free sapropel (Unit II) is rather unusual. Alkenone-derived past sea surface temperature (SST) estimates suggest a large difference between Unit II and Unit I, which is likely a result of unusual biological precursors of the alkenones in Unit II. Here, we report a high-resolution stratigraphic analysis of ancient haptophyte DNA to establish the Holocene succession of haptophytes as sources of the alkenones in the Black Sea. Haptophytes related to brackish Isochrysis spp. were the initial sources of alkenones, and appeared immediately after the onset of sapropel deposition (similar to 7550 yrs before present [a BP]). As salinity increased, Isochrysis-related haptophytes were slowly replaced by a complex suite of huxleyi strains as sources of alkenones. Our paleogenetic data showed that E. huxleyi colonized the Black Sea shortly after the onset of sapropel deposition, similar to 4000 yrs earlier than previously recognized based on their preserved coccoliths. E. huxleyi strains were the most likely source of the previously reported abundant and unusual C-36 di-unsaturated "Black Sea alkenone". Strong haptophyte species and strain-specific effects were observed on the level of unsaturation of alkenones which resulted in spurious alkenone-derived SST estimates before 5250 a BP. In contrast, from similar to 5250 a BP onwards a relatively stable haptophyte assemblage dominated by a different suite of E. huxleyi strains yielded robust alkenone-SST values and indicated a gradual cooling from 19 degrees C to similar to 15 degrees C at the top of the record (similar to 450 a BP). Published by Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2009.05.029},
	author = {Coolen, M. J. L. and Saenz, J. P. and Giosan, L. and Trowbridge, N. Y. and Dimitrov, P. and Dimitrov, D. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {468,
	title = {Evidence for calcification depth change of Globorotalia truncatulinoides between deglaciation and Holocene in the Western Atlantic Ocean},
	journal = {Marine Micropaleontology},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1883; 514BR Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:33Y},
	pages = {57-61},
	abstract = {Measurements of the delta O-18 in tests of planktonic and benthic foraminifera in the Florida Straits are used to reconstruct the properties of the water column through time over the last 12 ka (Lynch-Stieglitz et al., in press). The isotopic composition of the foraminifera largely reflects the vertical density gradient. We use this reconstruction and delta O-18 measurements on Globorotalia truncatulinoides in a nearby core to track the depth habitat of this species from the last deglaciation to 1.6 ka B.P. Around 9 ka, G. truncatulinoides was calcifying in much shallower water than during the late Holocene. The downward migration toward its modem habitat is a regional phenomenon over the western tropical Atlantic continental slope. The cause is still unclear but we hypothesize that the shallower calcification depth may be a response to the presence of glacial melt water or to circulation changes. This study points to the value of further study of the ecology, life cycle and calcification depth for G. truncatulinoides and other planktonic foraminifera that are used to reconstruct the history of the thermocline and upper water column structure. Published by Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {0377-8398},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marmicro.2009.07.001},
	author = {Cleroux, C. and Lynch-Stieglitz, J. and Schmidt, M. W. and Cortijo, E. and Duplessy, J. C.}
}
@article {430,
	title = {Evidence of centennial-scale drought from southeastern Massachusetts during the Pleistocene/Holocene transition},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 858; ISI Document Delivery No.: 484ZD Times Cited: 1 Cited Reference Count: 97 Cited References: ALLEY RB, 1993, NATURE, V362, P527 ALLEY RB, 1997, GEOLOGY, V25, P483 ALLEY RB, 2000, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V97, P1331 ALLEY RB, 2004, IGBP PAGES WORLD DAT ALLEY RB, 2005, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V24, P1123, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.12.004 ALLEY RB, 2007, ANNU REV EARTH PL SC, V35, P241 ALMQUIST H, 2001, HOLOCENE, V11, P189 BARBER DC, 1999, NATURE, V400, P344 BJORCK S, 1998, J QUATERNARY SCI, V13, P283 BOND G, 2001, SCIENCE, V294, P2130 BRADLEY RS, 2008, QUATERNARY RES, V70, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.yqres.2008.03.002 BROECKER WS, 1985, NATURE, V315, P21 BROECKER WS, 1989, NATURE, V341, P318 BROECKER WS, 2006, SCIENCE, V312, P1146, DOI 10.1126/science.1123253 CAME RE, 2007, GEOLOGY, V35, P315, DOI 10.1130/G23455A.1 CLARK PU, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P283 CLARK PU, 2002, NATURE, V415, P863 DEAN WE, 1974, J SEDIMENT PETROL, V44, P242 DIEFENDORF AF, 2006, QUATERNARY RES, V65, P78, DOI 10.1016/j.yqres.2005.08.001 DIEFFENBACHERKRALL AC, 2005, J PALEOLIMNOL, V34, P283, DOI 10.1007/s10933-005-4958-8 DIGERFELDT G, 1986, HDB HOLOCENE PALAEOE, P127 DONNELLY JP, 2001, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V113, P714 DONNELLY JP, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P14218 DONNELLY JP, 2005, GEOLOGY, V33, P89, DOI 10.1130/G21043.1 ELLISON CRW, 2006, SCIENCE, V312, P1929, DOI 10.1126/science.1127213 FIRESTONE RB, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P16016, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0706977104 FISHER TG, 2002, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V21, P873 FLEITMANN D, 2008, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V23, P1 GUILESELLIS K, 2004, J PALEOLIMNOL, V31, P343 HALD M, 1998, GEOLOGY, V26, P615 HANSEN BP, 1992, 904204 US GEOL SURV HARRISON SP, 1989, CLIM DYNAM, V3, P157 HOU J, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, P1 HUA Q, 2004, RADIOCARBON, V46, P1273 HUANG YS, 2002, GEOLOGY, V30, P1103 JOHNSEN SJ, 1992, NATURE, V359, P311 KARL TR, 1990, NDP019R NOAA NAT CLI KEIGWIN LD, 2005, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V20, P1 KENNETT DJ, 2009, SCIENCE, V323, P94, DOI 10.1126/science.1162819 KIRBY ME, 2002, GEOLOGICAL SOC AM B, V114, P1327 KLEIVEN HF, 2008, SCIENCE, V319, P60, DOI 10.1126/science.1148924 KUTZBACH JE, 1988, SCIENCE, V241, P1043 LARSON GJ, 1982, LATE WISCONSINAN GLA, P101 LAVOIE M, 2000, HOLOCENE, V10, P621 LEGRANDE AN, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P837 LEVESQUE AJ, 1993, NATURE, V361, P623 LEVESQUE AJ, 1997, NATURE, V385, P423 LI YX, 2006, HOLOCENE, V16, P1043 LICCIARDI JM, 1999, GEOPH MONOG SERIES, V112, P177 LOWELL TV, 2005, EOS, V86, P365, DOI 10.1029/2005EO400001 MAGNY M, 2004, QUATERNARY RES, V61, P181, DOI 10.1016/j.yqres.2003.12.003 MARSHALL JD, 2007, GEOLOGY, V35, P639, DOI 10.1130/G23498A.1 MCMANUS JF, 2004, NATURE, V428, P834, DOI 10.1038/nature02494 MEISSNER KJ, 2006, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V33, P1 MOTT RJ, 1986, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CA, V86, P289 MULLER SD, 2003, PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL, V193, P51, DOI 10.1016/S0031-0182(02)00710-1 NAMIAS J, 1966, MON WEA REV, V94, P543 NEWBY PE, 2000, QUATERNARY RES, V53, P352 PACHAURI RK, 2007, CLIMATE CHANGE 2007 PETEET DM, 1990, QUATERNARY RES, V33, P219 RAHMSTORF S, 1995, NATURE, V378, P145 RASMUSSEN SO, 2006, J GEOPHYS RES, V111, P1 RASMUSSEN SO, 2007, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V26, P1907, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.06.015 RAYNER NA, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES, V108, P1 REIMER PJ, 2004, RADIOCARBON, V46, P1029 REIMER PJ, 2004, RADIOCARBON, V46, P1299 RICHARD PJH, 2005, QUATERNARY RES, V63, P353, DOI 10.1016/j.yqres.2005.02.003 RIDGE JC, 2003, NEW YORK STATE MUSEU, V497, P15 RIND D, 1986, CLIM DYNAM, V1, P3 ROBINSON GR, 2003, GEN LITHOLOGY LITHOG ROHLING EJ, 2005, NATURE, V434, P975, DOI 10.1038/nature03421 RUDDIMAN WF, 1981, PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL, V35, P145 SHEMESH A, 1998, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V25, P1935 SHUMAN B, 2001, QUATERNARY RES, V56, P401 SHUMAN B, 2002, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V21, P1793 SHUMAN B, 2005, ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR, V95, P237 SHUMAN B, 2006, QUATERNARY RES, V65, P44, DOI 10.1016/j.yqres.2005.09.001 SHUMAN BN, 2009, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V28, P1693, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.04.005 STANFORD JD, 2006, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V21, P1 STUIVER M, 2000, QUATERNARY RES, V53, P277 SWAIN PC, 2001, LASSIFICATION NATUR TELLER JT, 2002, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V21, P879 TELLER JT, 2004, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V116, P729, DOI 10.1130/B25316.1 TELLER JT, 2005, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V24, P1890, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.01.008 VANGEEL B, 1999, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V18, P331 VESKI S, 2004, GEOLOGY, V32, P681, DOI 10.1130/G20683-1 WANDLE WS, 1991, US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, V2375, P327 WEBB RS, 1988, QUATERNARY RES, V30, P284 WEBB RS, 1990, THESIS BROWN U PROVI WEBB RS, 1993, QUATERNARY RES, V40, P213 WEBB T, 1993, GLOBAL CLIMATES LAST, P415 WIERSMA AP, 2006, CLIM DYNAM, V27, P831, DOI 10.1007/s00382-006-0166-0 WIERSMA AP, 2006, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V25, P63, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.07.009 WINKLER MG, 1985, QUATERNARY RES, V23, P235 YU ZC, 1998, SCIENCE, V282, P2235 YU ZC, 2001, EARTH-SCI REV, V52, P333 YU ZC, 2001, GEOGR PHYS QUATERN, V55, P171 Newby, Paige E. Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Shuman, Bryan N. MacDonald, Dana Pergamon-elsevier science ltd Oxford Sp. Iss. SI; YY},
	pages = {1675-1692},
	abstract = {A principal method for studying past hydroclimatic change is the reconstruction of paleo-lake levels. Here, we provide high-resolution lake-level records from New Long Pond and Rocky Pond in southeastern Massachusetts, which each contain evidence for multiple, sub-centennial-to-millennial scale low stands during the transition between the Late Pleistocene (15.0 ka) and Middle Holocene (ca 7.0 ka). Data from New Long Pond also demonstrate sedimentary evidence for a drop in water levels in the early to mid AD 20th century, when long-term trends in instrumental data show lower-than-average precipitation in the northeastern United States. Local data show the most precipitous declines in precipitation and groundwater levels are concurrent with the most severe drought in the AD 1960s, which occurred during a period of low sea-surface temperatures in the western North Atlantic. Ground penetrating radar and sediment core data indicate five intervals with numerous paleo-shoreline deposits between ca 15.0 and 7.0 ka, similar to the layer deposited in the AD 1960s. Many of the intervals of low lake levels coincide with proposed meltwater release events or abrupt climate oscillations in the circum North Atlantic. For example, we document at least three low stands during the Younger Dryas (12.9-11.6 ka) and in association with the "9.2" and "8.2" ka events. The combined evidence of (1) concurrent paleo-droughts in southeastern New England with documented North Atlantic abrupt cooling events and (2) recent drought with the modern association of low sea-surface temperatures indicates that freshening and cooling of the western North Atlantic is a viable mechanism for decreasing moisture within the region. Large-scale changes in seasonality and ice sheet extent also may have increased the susceptibility of the northeast to dry conditions triggered by changes in the North Atlantic. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.02.020},
	author = {Newby, P. E. and Donnelly, J. P. and Shuman, B. N. and MacDonald, D.}
}
@article {252,
	title = {Evidence of paleo-cold seep activity from the Bay of Bengal, offshore India},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 794; 458FC Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:80Y},
	abstract = {We report evidence of paleo-cold seep associated activities, preserved in methane-derived carbonates in association with chemosynthetic clams (Calyptogena sp.) from a sediment core in the Krishna-Godavari basin, Bay of Bengal. Visual observations and calculations based on high-resolution wet bulk density profile of a core collected on board R/V Marion Dufresne (May 2007) show zones of sharp increase in carbonate content (10-55 vol\%) within 16-20 meters below seafloor (mbsf). The presence of Calyptogena clam shells, chimneys, shell breccias with high Mg calcite cement, and pyrite within this zone suggest seepage of methane and sulfide-bearing fluid to the seafloor in the past. Highly depleted carbon isotopic values (delta C-13 ranges from -41 to -52\% VPDB) from these carbonates indicate carbon derived via anaerobic oxidation of methane. Extrapolated mean calendar age (similar to 58.7 ka B. P.) of the clastic sediments at a depth of 16 mbsf is close to the upper limit of the U-Th based depositional age (46.2 +/- 3.7 and 53.0 +/- 1.6 ka) of authigenic carbonates sampled from this level, thereby constraining the younger age limit of the carbonate deposition/methane expulsion events. The observed carbonate deposition might have resulted from the flow of methane-enriched fluids through the fracture network formed because of shale diapirism.},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2008gc002337},
	author = {Mazumdar, A. and Dewangan, P. and Joao, H. M. and Peketi, A. and Khosla, V. R. and Kocherla, M. and Badesab, F. K. and Joshi, R. K. and Roxanne, P. and Ramamurty, P. B. and Karisiddaiah, S. M. and Patil, D. J. and Dayal, A. M. and Ramprasad, T. and Hawkesworth, C. J. and Avanzinelli, R.}
}
@article {431,
	title = {Exploring typhoon variability over the mid-to-late Holocene: evidence of extreme coastal flooding from Kamikoshiki, Japan},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2009},
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V210, P63, DOI 10.1016/j.mangeo.2004.05.021 SUGIHARA K, 2003, SEDIMENT GEOL, V159, P5, DOI 10.1016/S0037-0738(03)00092-7 SUZUKI A, 2008, QUAT GEOCHRONOL, V3, P226, DOI 10.1016/j.quageo.2007.12.002 TAIRA A, 2001, ANNU REV EARTH PL SC, V29, P109 TAKISHITA K, 2007, PROTIST, V158, P51, DOI 10.1016/j.protis.2006.07.003 THOMSON J, 2006, GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL, V267, P65 TRENBERTH KE, 2007, CLIMATE CHANGE 2007 WANG B, 2002, J CLIMATE, V15, P1643 WATANABE H, 1998, COMPREHENSIVE LIST T WEBSTER JM, 1998, CORAL REEFS, V17, P289 WHITE PS, 1979, BOT REV, V45, P229 WOODRUFF JD, 2008, GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYS, V9 WOODRUFF JD, 2008, GEOLOGY, V36, P391, DOI 10.1130/G24731A.1 WOODRUFF JD, 2008, THESIS MIT YOKOYAMA Y, 1996, PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL, V123, P4 YU KF, 2004, PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL, V210, P89 ZHU YZ, 1991, S 1 GEOL GEOPH REEF, P224 Woodruff, Jonathan D. Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Okusu, Akiko Pergamon-elsevier science ltd Oxford Sp. Iss. SI; YY},
	pages = {1774-1785},
	abstract = {Sediment cores from two coastal lakes located on the island of Kamikoshiki in southwestern Japan (Lake Namakoike and Lake Kaiike) provide evidence for the response of a backbarrier beach system to episodic coastal inundation over the last 6400 years. Sub-bottom seismic surveys exhibit acoustically laminated, parallel to subparallel seismic reflectors, intermittently truncated by erosional unconformities. Sediment cores collected from targeted depocenters in both lakes contain finely laminated organic mud interbedded with coarse-grained units, with depths of coarse deposits concurrent with prominent seismic reflectors. The timing of the youngest deposit at Kamikoshiki correlates to the most recently documented breach in the barrier during a typhoon in 1951 AD. Assuming that this modern deposit provides an analog for identifying past events, paleo-typhoons may be reconstructed from layers exhibiting an increase in grain-size, a break in fine-scale stratigraphy, and elevated Sr concentrations. Periods of barrier breaching are concurrent with an increase in El Nino frequency, indicating that the El Nino/Southern Oscillation has potentially played a key role in governing typhoon variability during the mid-to-late Holocene. An inverse correlation is observed between tropical cyclone reconstructions from the western North Atlantic and the Kamikoshiki site, which may indicate an oscillating pattern in tropical cyclone activity between the western Northern Atlantic and the western North Pacific, or at least between the western Northern Atlantic and regions encompassing southern Japan. The two kamikaze typhoons which contributed to the failed Mongol invasions of Japan in 1274 AD and 1281 AD occur during a period with more frequent marine-sourced deposition at the site, suggesting that the events took place during a period of greater regional typhoon activity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.02.005},
	author = {Woodruff, J. D. and Donnelly, J. P. and Okusu, A.}
}
@article { ISI:000268272100013,
	title = {Fish scales in sediments from off Callao, central Peru},
	journal = {DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY},
	volume = {56},
	number = {{16}},
	year = {2009},
	month = {JUL 15},
	pages = {1113-1124},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We study fish scales as a proxy of fish abundance and preservation biases together with phosphorus from fish remains (P(fish)) in a sediment core retrieved off Callao, Peru (12 degrees 1{\textquoteright}S, 77 degrees 42{\textquoteright}W; water depth = 179 m; core length = 52 cm). We interpret our results as a function of changing redox conditions based on ratios of redox-sensitive trace elements (Cu/Al, Mo/Al, Ni/Al, Zn/Al, V/Al), terrigenous indicators (Fe in clays, Ti, Al), and biogenic proxies (CaCO(3), biogenic opal, total nitrogen, organic carbon, barite Ba). The core covers roughly 700 years of deposition, based on (210)Pb activities extrapolated downcore and (14)C dating at selected intervals. Our fish-scale record is dominated by anchovy (Engraulis ringens) scales followed by hake (Merluccius gayii) scales. The core presented an abrupt lithological change at 17 cm (corresponding to the early 19th century). Above that depth, it was laminated and was more organic-rich (10-15\% organic carbon) than below, where the core was partly laminated and less organic-rich (< 10\%). The lithological shift coincides with abrupt changes in dry bulk density and in the contents of terrigenous and redox-sensitive trace elements, biogenic proxies, and fish scales. The remarkable increase in redox-sensitive trace elements in the upper 17 cm of the core suggests more reducing conditions when compared with deeper and older horizons, and is interpreted as an intensification of the oxygen minimum zone off Peru beginning in the early 19th century. Higher fish-scale contents and higher P(fish)/P(total) ratios were also observed within the upper 17 cm of the core. The behavior of biogenic proxies and redox-sensitive trace elements was similar; more reduced conditions corresponded to higher contents of CaCO(3), C(org), total nitrogen and fish scales, suggesting that these proxies might convey an important preservation signal. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Callao, Clupeoid fish, Molybdenum, Oxygen minimum zone, Peru, Redox-sensitive trace elements},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.09.015},
	author = {Diaz-Ochoa, J. A. and Lange, C. B. and Pantoja, S. and De lange, G. J. and Gutierrez, D. and Munoz, P. and Salamanca, M.}
}
@article {290,
	title = {Fishing from past to present: continuity and resilience of red abalone fisheries on the Channel Islands, California},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2060; PT: J; UT: WOS:000266281400008},
	pages = {906-919},
	abstract = {Archaeological data from coastal shell middens provide a window into the structure of ancient marine ecosystems and the nature of human impacts on fisheries that often span millennia. For decades Channel Island archaeologists have studied Middle Holocene shell middens visually dominated by large and often whole shells of the red abalone (Haliotis rufescens). Here we use modern ecological data, historical accounts, commercial red abalone catch records, and zooarchaeological data to examine long-term spatial and temporal variation in the productivity of red abalone fisheries on the Northern Channel Islands, California (USA). Historical patterns of abundance, in which red abalone densities increase from east to west through the islands, extend deep into the Holocene. The correlation of historical and archaeological data argue for long-term spatial continuity in productive red abalone fisheries and a resilience of abalone populations despite dramatic ecological changes and intensive human predation spanning more than 8000 years. Archaeological, historical, and ecological data suggest that California kelp forests and red abalone populations are structured by a complex combination of top-down and bottom-up controls.},
	issn = {1051-0761},
	doi = {10.1890/08-0135.1},
	author = {Braje, Todd J. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Dayton, Paul K. and Hatch, Marco B. A.}
}
@mastersthesis {1300,
	title = {A Gendered Model of Prehistoric Resource Depression: A Case Study on the Northwest Coast of North America},
	volume = {Dissertation/Thesis},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009},
	school = {University of Washington},
	address = {Seattle},
	author = {Daniels, Phoebe}
}
@article {423,
	title = {High mitogenomic evolutionary rates and time dependency},
	journal = {Trends in Genetics},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1917; PT: J; NR: 27; TC: 19; J9: TRENDS GENET; PG: 5; GA: 518TW; UT: WOS:000271717800004},
	pages = {482-486},
	abstract = {Using entire modern and ancient mitochondrial genomes of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) that are up to 44000 years old, we show that the rates of evolution of the mitochondrial genome are two to six times greater than those estimated from phylogenetic comparisons. Although the rate of evolution at constrained sites, including nonsynonymous positions and RNAs, varies more than twofold with time (between shallow and deep nodes), the rate of evolution at synonymous sites remains the same. The time-independent neutral evolutionary rates reported here would be useful for the study of recent evolutionary events.},
	issn = {0168-9525},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tig.2009.09.005},
	author = {Subramanian, Sankar and Denver, Dee R. and Millar, Craig D. and Heupink, Tim and Aschrafi, Angelique and Emslie, Steven D. and Baroni, Carlo and Lambert, David M.}
}
@article {432,
	title = {Holocene sea-level changes along the North Carolina Coastline and their implications for glacial isostatic adjustment models},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 814; Sp. Iss. SI 484ZD Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:108Y},
	pages = {1725-1736},
	abstract = {We have synthesized new and existing relative sea-level (RSL) data to produce a quality-controlled, spatially comprehensive database from the North Carolina coastline. The RSL database consists of 54 sea-level index points that are quantitatively related to an appropriate tide level and assigned an error estimate, and a further 33 limiting dates that confine the maximum and minimum elevations of RSL The temporal distribution of the index points is very uneven with only five index points older than 4000 cal a BP, but the form of the Holocene sea-level trend is constrained by both terrestrial and marine limiting dates. The data illustrate RSL rapidly rising during the early and mid Holocene from an observed elevation of -35.7 +/- 1.1 m MSL at 11062-10576 cal a BP to -4.2 m +/- 0.4 m MSL at 4240-3592 cal a BP. We restricted comparisons between observations and predictions from the ICE-5G(VM2) with rotational feedback Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) model to the Late Holocene RSL (last 4000 cal a BP) because of the wealth of sea-level data during this time interval. The ICE-5G(VM2) model predicts significant spatial variations in RSL across North Carolina, thus we subdivided the observations into two regions. The model forecasts an increase in the rate of sea-level rise in Region 1 (Albemarle, Currituck, Roanoke, Croatan, and northern Pamlico sounds) compared to Region 2 (southern Pamlico, Core and Bogue sounds, and farther south to Wilmington). The observations show Late Holocene sea-level rising at 1.14 +/- 0.03 mm year(-1) and 0.82 +/- 0.02 mm year(-1) in Regions 1 and 2, respectively. The ICE-5G(VM2) predictions capture the general temporal trend of the observations, although there is an apparent misfit for index points older than 2000 cal a BR It is presently unknown whether these misfits are caused by possible tectonic uplift associated with the mid-Carolina Platform High or a flaw in the CIA model. A comparison of local tide gauge data with the Late Holocene RSL trends from Regions 1 and 2 support the spatial variation in RSL across North Carolina, and imply an additional increase of mean sea level of greater than 2 mm year(-1) during the latter half of the 20th century; this is in general agreement with historical tide gauge and satellite altimetry data. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.02.002},
	author = {Horton, B. P. and Peltier, W. R. and Culver, S. J. and Drummond, R. and Engelhart, S. E. and Kemp, A. C. and Mallinson, D. and Thieler, E. R. and Riggs, S. R. and Ames, D. V. and Thomson, K. H.}
}
@article {442,
	title = {In situ cosmogenic 10Be production-rate calibration from the Southern Alps, New Zealand},
	journal = {Quaternary Geochronology},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 840In pressY},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quageo.2009.12.001},
	author = {Putnam, A. E. and Schaefer, J. M. and Barrell, D. J. A. and Vandergoes, M. and Denton, G. H. and Kaplan, M. R. and Finkel, R. C. and Schwartz, R. and Goehring, B. M. and Kelley, S. E.}
}
@article {371,
	title = {Interhemispheric Atlantic seesaw response during the last deglaciation},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {457},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 856; Barker, Stephen Diz, Paula Vautravers, Maryline J Pike, Jennifer Knorr, Gregor Hall, Ian R Broecker, Wallace S England Nature. 2009 Feb 26;457(7233):1097-102.Y},
	pages = {1097-102},
	abstract = {The asynchronous relationship between millennial-scale temperature changes over Greenland and Antarctica during the last glacial period has led to the notion of a bipolar seesaw which acts to redistribute heat depending on the state of meridional overturning circulation within the Atlantic Ocean. Here we present new records from the South Atlantic that show rapid changes during the last deglaciation that were instantaneous (within dating uncertainty) and of opposite sign to those observed in the North Atlantic. Our results demonstrate a direct link between the abrupt changes associated with variations in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and the more gradual adjustments characteristic of the Southern Ocean. These results emphasize the importance of the Southern Ocean for the development and transmission of millennial-scale climate variability and highlight its role in deglacial climate change and the associated rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide.},
	issn = {1476-4687 (Electronic) 0028-0836 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1038/nature07770},
	author = {Barker, S. and Diz, P. and Vautravers, M. J. and Pike, J. and Knorr, G. and Hall, I. R. and Broecker, W. S.}
}
@article {294,
	title = {Lake Sturgeon Age Validation using Bomb Radiocarbon and Known-Age Fish},
	journal = {Transactions of the American Fisheries Society},
	volume = {138},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1855; 477EI Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:33Y},
	pages = {361-372},
	abstract = {Pectoral fin spines have been the accepted structure for estimating the age of various sturgeon species for nearly 100 years, though other structures have also been used (otoliths, pectoral girdle, scutes, and caudal fulcra). Accuracy of age estimates using any of these structures has not been validated, so we report the first use of bomb radiocarbon (C-14) assays to assess the validity of ages estimated using growth increments on pectoral fin spine and otolith frontal cross sections from lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens: we also assessed age estimates from pectoral fin spines of known-age lake sturgeon. Growth increments on pectoral fin spine cross sections underestimated true age of fish older than 14 years and error increased with age, whereas otoliths accurately estimated true age up to at least 52 years. Increment formation on pectoral fin spine and otolith cross sections from juvenile lake sturgeon (ages 2-11) was similar, although pectoral spines were clearer and easier to interpret. A power function (true age = [estimated age](1.054796), where estimated age was determined from pectoral spines; r(2) = 0.98) provides a means for correcting existing age estimates obtained from lake sturgeon pectoral fin spines.},
	issn = {0002-8487},
	doi = {10.1577/T08-098.1},
	author = {Bruch, R. M. and Campana, S. E. and Davis-Foust, S. L. and Hansen, M. J. and Janssen, J.}
}
@article {417,
	title = {Late Holocene sea-surface temperature and precipitation variability in northern Patagonia, Chile (Jacaf Fjord, 44 degrees S)},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {72},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1858; 512MQ Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:53Y},
	pages = {400-409},
	abstract = {A high-resolution multi-proxy study including the elemental and isotopic composition of bulk organic matter, land plant-derived biomarkers, and alkenone-based sea-surface temperature (SST) from a marine sedimentary record obtained from the Jacaf Fjord in northern Chilean Patagonia (similar to 44 degrees 20{\textquoteright}S) provided a detailed reconstruction of continental runoff, precipitation, and summer SST spanning the last 1750 yr We observed two different regimes of climate variability in our record a relatively dry/warm period before 900 cal yr BP (lower runoff and average SST 1 degrees C warmer than present day) and a wet/cold period after 750 cal yr BP (higher runoff and average SST 1 degrees C colder than present clay). Relatively colder SSTs were found during 750-600 and 450-250 cal yr BP, where the latter period roughly corresponds to the interval defined for the Little Ice Age (LIA) Similar climatic swings have been observed previously in continental and marine archives of the last two millennia from central and southern Chile, suggesting a strong latitudinal sensitivity to changes in the Southern Westerly Winds, the main Source Of precipitation in southern Chile, and validating the regional nature of the LIA Our results reveal the importance of the Chilean fjord system for recording climate changes of regional and global significance (C) 2009 University of Washington Published by Elsevier Inc All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2009.06.010},
	author = {Sepulveda, J. and Pantoja, S. and Hughen, K. A. and Bertrand, S. and Figueroa, D. and Leon, T. and Drenzek, N. J. and Lange, C.}
}
@article {1842,
	title = {Late Quaternary benthic foraminifera from Ocean Drilling Program Hole 716A, Maldives Ridge, southeastern Arabian Sea},
	journal = {Micropaleontology},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2009},
	note = {424cdTimes Cited:5
Cited References Count:47
},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {23-48},
	abstract = {A study on deep-sea benthic foraminifera from the interval similar to 445 ka BP to the Present of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 716A (4 degrees 56.0{\textquoteright}N, 73 degrees 17.0{\textquoteright}E; preser t water depth 533.3m), Maldives Ridge. southeastern Arabian Sea, documented 201 species belonging to 105 genera. These taxa were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) to illustrate their interspecific morphological variations. Several of these species are dominant showing significant down core fluctuations in their abundances whereas some are rare and sporadic.},
	keywords = {benthonic foraminifera, equatorial indian-ocean, Holocene, late neogene, monsoon, Oxygen minimum zone, productivity, red-sea, south atlantic-ocean, Water masses},
	isbn = {0026-2803},
	author = {Sarkar, S. and De, S. and Gupta, A. K.}
}
@article {317,
	title = {A new look at old carbon in active margin sediments RID F-1809-2010},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1987; PT: J; UT: WOS:000263842200012},
	pages = {239-242},
	abstract = {Recent studies suggest that as much as half of the organic carbon (OC) undergoing burial in the sediments of tectonically active continental margins may be the product of fossil shale weathering. These estimates rely on the assumption that vascular plant detritus spends little time sequestered in intermediate reservoirs such as soils, freshwater sediments, and river deltas, and thus only minimally contributes to the extraneously old (14)C ages of total organic matter often observed on adjacent shelves. Here we test this paradigm by measuring the (14)C and delta(13)C values of individual higher plant wax fatty acids as well as the d13C values of extractable alkanes isolated from the Eel River margin (California). The isotopic signatures of the long chain fatty acids indicate that vascular plant material has been sequestered for several thousand years before deposition. A coupled molecular isotope mass balance used to reassess the sedimentary carbon budget indicates that the fossil component is less abundant than previously estimated, with pre-aged terrestrial material instead composing a considerable proportion of all organic matter. If these findings are characteristic of other continental margins proximal to small mountainous rivers, then the importance of petrogenic OC burial in marine sediments may need to be reevaluated.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G25351A.1},
	author = {Drenzek, Nicholas J. and Hughen, Konrad A. and Montlu{\c c}on, Daniel B. and Southon, John R. and dos Santos, Guaciara M. and Druffel, Ellen R. M. and Giosan, Liviu and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@inbook {1402,
	title = {A Paleocoastal Shell Midden at Seal Cave (CA-SMI-604), San Miguel Island, California},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh California Islands Symposium},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2075},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {33-42},
	publisher = {Institute for Wildlife Studies},
	organization = {Institute for Wildlife Studies},
	address = {Arcata, CA},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Braje, Todd J. and Rick, Torben C. and Davis, Troy and Southon, Troy},
	editor = {Damiani, Christine C.}
}
@article {297,
	title = {Rapid Response of a Marine Mammal Species to Holocene Climate and Habitat Change},
	journal = {Plos Genetics},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1914; PT: J; NR: 58; TC: 11; J9: PLOS GENET; PG: 11; GA: 486SZ; UT: WOS:000269219500031},
	pages = {e1000554-e1000554},
	abstract = {Environmental change drives demographic and evolutionary processes that determine diversity within and among species. Tracking these processes during periods of change reveals mechanisms for the establishment of populations and provides predictive data on response to potential future impacts, including those caused by anthropogenic climate change. Here we show how a highly mobile marine species responded to the gain and loss of new breeding habitat. Southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, remains were found along the Victoria Land Coast (VLC) in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, 2,500 km from the nearest extant breeding site on Macquarie Island (MQ). This habitat was released after retreat of the grounded ice sheet in the Ross Sea Embayment 7,500-8,000 cal YBP, and is within the range of modern foraging excursions from the MQ colony. Using ancient mtDNA and coalescent models, we tracked the population dynamics of the now extinct VLC colony and the connectivity between this and extant breeding sites. We found a clear expansion signal in the VLC population similar to 8,000 YBP, followed by directional migration away from VLC and the loss of diversity at similar to 1,000 YBP, when sea ice is thought to have expanded. Our data suggest that VLC seals came initially from MQ and that some returned there once the VLC habitat was lost, similar to 7,000 years later. We track the founder-extinction dynamics of a population from inception to extinction in the context of Holocene climate change and present evidence that an unexpectedly diverse, differentiated breeding population was founded from a distant source population soon after habitat became available.},
	issn = {1553-7390},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1000554},
	author = {de Bruyn, Mark and Hall, Brenda L. and Chauke, Lucas F. and Baroni, Carlo and Koch, Paul L. and Hoelzel, A. Rus}
}
@article {539,
	title = {A record of Lateglacial and early Holocene environmental and ecological change from southwestern Connecticut, USA},
	journal = {Journal of Quaternary Science},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 783; 494LO Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:27Y},
	pages = {553-556},
	abstract = {Analyses of a sediment core from Highstead Swamp in southwestern Connecticut, USA, reveal Lateglacial and early Holocene ecological and hydrological changes. Lateglacial pollen assemblages are dominated by Picea and Pinus subg. Pinus, and the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) cold interval is evidenced by higher abundance of Abies and Alnus viridis subsp. crispa. As climate warmed at the end of the YD, Picea and Abies declined and Pinus strobus became the dominant upland tree species. A shift from lacustrine sediment to organic peat at the YD-Holocene boundary Suggests that the lake that existed in the basin during the Lateglacial interval developed into a swamp in response to reduced effective moisture. A change in wetland vegetation from Myrica gale to Alnus incana subsp. rugosa and Sphagnum is consistent with this interpretation of environmental changes at the beginning of the Holocene. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	issn = {0267-8179},
	doi = {10.1002/Jqs.1299},
	author = {Oswald, W. W. and Foster, D. R. and Doughty, E. D. and Faison, E. K.}
}
@article {1852,
	title = {Relationship between Holocene climate variations over southern Greenland and eastern Baffin Island and synoptic circulation pattern},
	journal = {Climate of the Past},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2009},
	note = {500rkTimes Cited:18
Cited References Count:64
},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {347-359},
	abstract = {Lake pollen records from southwest Greenland and eastern Baffin Island show strong regionalism in climate trends of the last 7000 cal years. July surface air temperature reconstructions from pollen indicate larger amplitude cooling in southwest Greenland (>3.0 degrees C) than in eastern Baffin Island (<1.0 degrees C). This west-east gradient in climate change is consistent with August sea-surface temperature reconstructions from dinocyst records that indicate decreasing temperature and/or strength of the North Atlantic Current to the east during the Holocene while the eastern Canadian margins under the Labrador Current influence display slight warming. Complementary to air and sea-surface temperature records, the lake pollen data led to reconstruct increased cloudiness in southern Greenland, which points to increasing cyclonic activity since 7000 cal years BP west of Greenland. Together, the terrestrial and marine records of the northwest North Atlantic therefore suggest a shift from a dominant NAO+ during the early-mid Holocene to dominant NAO- in the late Holocene.},
	keywords = {arctic canada, cal kyr bp, data-base, dinoflagellate cyst assemblages, high-latitudes, modern analogs, north-atlantic, pollen spectra, radiocarbon age calibration, sea-surface temperatures},
	isbn = {1814-9324},
	author = {Frechette, B. and de Vernal, A.}
}
@article {363,
	title = {Sinking deltas due to human activities},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 799; 501BW Times Cited:2 Cited References Count:38; YY},
	pages = {681-686},
	abstract = {Many of the world{\textquoteright}s largest deltas are densely populated and heavily farmed. Yet many of their inhabitants are becoming increasingly vulnerable to flooding and conversions of their land to open ocean. The vulnerability is a result of sediment compaction from the removal of oil, gas and water from the delta{\textquoteright}s underlying sediments, the trapping of sediment in reservoirs upstream and floodplain engineering in combination with rising global sea level. Here we present an assessment of 33 deltas chosen to represent the world{\textquoteright}s deltas. We find that in the past decade, 85\% of the deltas experienced severe flooding, resulting in the temporary submergence of 260,000 km(2). We conservatively estimate that the delta surface area vulnerable to flooding could increase by 50\% under the current projected values for sea-level rise in the twenty-first century. This figure could increase if the capture of sediment upstream persists and continues to prevent the growth and buffering of the deltas.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/Ngeo629},
	author = {Syvitski, J. P. M. and Kettner, A. J. and Overeem, I. and Hutton, E. W. H. and Hannon, M. T. and Brakenridge, G. R. and Day, J. and Vorosmarty, C. and Saito, Y. and Giosan, L. and Nicholls, R. J.}
}
@article {277,
	title = {Spatial variability of late Holocene and 20th century sea-level rise along the Atlantic coast of the United States},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1872Y},
	pages = {1115-1118},
	issn = {0091-7613 1943-2682},
	doi = {10.1130/G30360A.1},
	author = {Engelhart, Simon E. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Douglas, Bruce C. and Peltier, W. Richard and T{\"o}rnqvist, Torbj{\"o}rn E.}
}
@article {1848,
	title = {Submarine canyon and fan systems of the California Continental Borderland},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Special Papers},
	volume = {454},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 878; 10.1130/2009.2454(2.7)},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {141-168},
	abstract = {Late Quaternary turbidite and related gravity-flow deposits have accumulated in basins of the California Borderland under a variety of conditions of sediment supply and sea-level stand. The northern basins (Santa Barbara, Santa Monica, and San Pedro) are closed and thus trap virtually all sediment supplied through submarine canyons and smaller gulley systems along the basin margins. The southern basins (Gulf of Santa Catalina and San Diego Trough) are open, and, under some conditions, turbidity currents flow from one basin to another. Seismic-reflection profiles at a variety of resolutions are used to determine the distribution of late Quaternary turbidites. Patterns of turbidite-dominated deposition during lowstand conditions of oxygen isotope stages 2 and 6 are similar within each of the basins. Chronology is provided by radiocarbon dating of sediment from two Ocean Drilling Program sites, the Mohole test-drill site, and large numbers of piston cores. High-resolution, seismic-stratigraphic frameworks developed for Santa Monica Basin and the open southern basins show rapid lateral shifts in sediment accumulation on scales that range from individual lobe elements to entire fan complexes. More than half of the submarine fans in the Borderland remain active at any given position of relative sea level. Where the continental shelf is narrow, canyons are able to cut headward during sea-level transgression and maintain sediment supply to the basins from rivers and longshore currents during highstands. Rivers with high bedload discharge transfer sediment to submarine fans during both highstand and lowstand conditions.},
	author = {Normark, William R. and Piper, David J. W. and Romans, Brian W. and Covault, Jacob A. and Dartnell, Peter and Sliter, Ray W.}
}
@article {1540,
	title = {Terminal Report: Nutrient and Carbon Biogeochemistry of the Sulu Sea (Project No. 96/01/CW)},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 872},
	month = {2009},
	institution = {Southeast Asia Regional Committee for START (SARCS)},
	author = {Jacinto, G. S. and David, L. T. and Peleo-Alampay, A. M. and San Diego-McGlone, M. L. and Siringan, F. P. and Villanoy, C. L.}
}
@article {315,
	title = {Timing and magnitude of recent accelerated sea-level rise (North Carolina, United States)},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 829; 512AY Times Cited:15 Cited References Count:30Y},
	pages = {1035-1038},
	abstract = {We provide records of relative sea level since A. D. 1500 from two salt marshes in North Carolina to complement existing tide-gauge records and to determine when recent rates of accelerated sea-level rise commenced. Reconstructions were developed using foraminifera-based transfer functions and composite chronologies, which were validated against regional twentieth century tide-gauge records. The measured rate of relative sea-level rise in North Carolina during the twentieth century was 3.0-3.3 mm/a, consisting of a background rate of similar to 1 mm/a, plus an abrupt increase of 2.2 mm/a, which began between A. D. 1879 and 1915. This acceleration is broadly synchronous with other studies from the Atlantic coast. The magnitude of the acceleration at both sites is larger than at sites farther north along the U. S. and Canadian Atlantic coast and may be indicative of a latitudinal trend.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G30352a.1},
	author = {Kemp, A. C. and Horton, B. P. and Culver, S. J. and Corbett, D. R. and van de Plassche, O. and Gehrels, W. R. and Douglas, B. C. and Parnell, A. C.}
}
@article {344,
	title = {A trans-Holocene archaeological record of Guadalupe fur seals (Arctocephalus townsendi) on the California coast},
	journal = {Marine Mammal Science},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2061; PT: J; UT: WOS:000265228700018},
	pages = {487-502},
	issn = {0824-0469},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00273.x},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and DeLong, Robert L. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Braje, Todd J. and Jones, Terry L. and Kennett, Douglas J. and Wake, Thomas A. and Walker, Phillip L.}
}
@article {319,
	title = {3500 yr record of centennial-scale climate variability from the Western Pacific Warm Pool},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1894; ISI Document Delivery No.: 357HB Times Cited: 1 Cited Reference Count: 36 Cited References: ALDRIAN E, 2003, INT J CLIMATOL, V23, P1435, DOI 10.1002/joc.950 ALTABET MA, 1994, GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY, V8, P103 ALTABET MA, 2001, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V46, P368 ARRUDA WZ, 2003, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V33, P2815 BRANDES JA, 1998, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V43, P1680 BRANDES JA, 2002, GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICA, V16 CASCIOTTI KL, 2002, ANAL CHEM, V74, P4905, DOI 10.1021/ac020113w CHRISTIAN JR, 2004, DEEP-SEA RES PT II, V51, P209, DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.06.002 DEUTSCH C, 2007, NATURE, V445, P163, DOI 10.1038/nature05392 GANESHRAM RS, 2000, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V15, P361 GRANGER J, 2004, EOS T AM GEOPHYS U S, V85 GRANGER J, 2004, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V49, P1763 HAUG GH, 1998, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V13, P427 HAUG GH, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P1304 HODELL DA, 2005, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V24, P1413, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.013 LIU KK, 1989, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V34, P820 MAKOU MC, 2007, ORG GEOCHEM, V38, P1680, DOI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.06.003 MARIOTTI A, 1981, PLANT SOIL, V62, P413 MASUMOTO Y, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V28, P1631 MIDDELBURG JJ, 1990, GEOL ULTRIECTIN, V71, P177 MOY CM, 2002, NATURE, V420, P162 NEWTON A, 2006, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V33, ARTN L19710 REIN B, 2004, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V31, ARTN L17211 REIN B, 2005, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V20, ARTN PA4003 REYNOLDS RW, 1994, J CLIMATE, V7, P929 RODBELL DT, 1999, SCIENCE, V283, P516 SIGMAN DM, 2003, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V4, ARTN 1040 SIGMAN DM, 2005, GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY, V19, ARTN GB4022 STOTT L, 2004, NATURE, V431, P56, DOI 10.1038/nature02903 STREETPERROTT FA, 1997, SCIENCE, V278, P1422 THUNELL R, 2004, GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICA, V18, UNSP GB3001 UEKI I, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V108, ARTN 3243 VANAKEN HMV, 1988, NETHERLANDS J SEA RE, V22, P403, DOI 10.1016/0077-7579(88)90011-7 VANDERWEIJDEN CH, 1989, NETH J SEA RES, V24, P583 VANRIEL PM, 1943, OCEANOGRAPHIC RESU 5, V2 WYRTKI K, 1961, NAGA REPORT, V2 Langton, S. J. Linsley, B. K. Robinson, R. S. Rosenthal, Y. Oppo, D. W. Eglinton, T. I. Howe, S. S. Djajadihardja, Y. S. Syamsudin, F. U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE-0502550, OCE-0502504, OCE-052960] This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (grants OCE-0502550, OCE-0502504, and OCE-052960). We thank the captain, crew, technicians, and the scientific crew who helped with sample collection on the R/V Baruna Jaya VIII. Geological soc amer, inc Boulder; YY},
	pages = {795-798},
	abstract = {We use geochemical data from a sediment core in the shallow-silled and intermittently dysoxic Kau Bay in Halmahera (Indonesia, lat 1 degrees N, long 127.5 degrees E) to reconstruct century-scale climate variability within the Western Pacific Warm Pool over the past similar to 3500 yr. Downcore variations in bulk sedimentary delta N-15 appear to reflect century-scale variability in basin ventilation, attributed to changes in oceanographic conditions related to century-scale fluctuations in El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We infer an increase in century-scale El Nino activity beginning ca. 1700 yr B.P. with peaks in El Nino activity ca. 1500 yr B.P., 1150 yr B.P., and ca. 700 yr B.P. The Kau Bay results suggest that there was diminished ENSO amplitude or frequency, or a departure from El Nino-like conditions during the Medieval Warm Period, and distinctive, but steadily decreasing, El Nino activity during and after the Little Ice Age.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/g24926a.1},
	author = {Langton, S. J. and Linsley, B. K. and Robinson, R. S. and Rosenthal, Y. and Oppo, D. W. and Eglinton, T. I. and Howe, S. S. and Djajadihardja, Y. S. and Syamsudin, F.}
}
@article {357,
	title = {Abrupt climate change and collapse of deep-sea ecosystems},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1884; 261KQ Times Cited:12 Cited References Count:71Y},
	pages = {1556-1560},
	abstract = {We investigated the deep-sea fossil record of benthic ostracodes during periods of rapid climate and oceanographic change over the past 20,000 years in a core from intermediate depth in the northwestern Atlantic. Results show that deep-sea benthic community "collapses" occur with faunal turnover of up to 50\% during major climatically driven oceanographic changes. Species diversity as measured by the Shannon-Wiener index falls from 3 to as low as 1.6 during these events. Major disruptions in the benthic communities commenced with Heinrich Event 1, the Inter-Allerod Cold Period (IACP: 13.1 ka), the Younger Dryas (YD: 12.9-11.5 ka), and several Holocene Bond events when changes in deep-water circulation occurred. The largest collapse is associated with the YD/IACP and is characterized by an abrupt two-step decrease in both the upper North Atlantic Deep Water assemblage and species diversity at 13.1 ka and at 12.2 ka. The ostracode fauna at this site did not fully recover until approximate to 8 ka, with the establishment of Labrador Sea Water ventilation. Ecologically opportunistic slope species prospered during this community collapse. Other abrupt community collapses during the past 20 ka generally correspond to millennial climate events. These results indicate that deep-sea ecosystems are not immune to the effects of rapid climate changes occurring over centuries or less.},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0705486105},
	author = {Yasuhara, M. and Cronin, T. M. and deMenocal, P. B. and Okahashi, H. and Linsley, B. K.}
}
@article {254,
	title = {Antarctic sediment chronology by programmed-temperature pyrolysis: Methodology and data treatment},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1847; 284ON Times Cited:5 Cited References Count:27Y},
	abstract = {We report a detailed programmed-temperature pyrolysis/ combustion methodology for radiocarbon (C-14) dating of Antarctic sub-ice shelf sediments. The method targets the autochthonous organic component in sediments that contain a distribution of acid-insoluble organic components from several sources of different ages. The approach has improved sediment chronology in organic-rich sediments proximal to Antarctic ice shelves by yielding maximum age constraints significantly younger than bulk radiocarbon dates from the same sediment horizons. The method proves adequate in determining isotope ratios of the pre-aged carbon end-member; however, the isotopic compositions of the low-temperature measurements indicate that no samples completely avoided mixing with some proportion of pre-aged organic material. Dating the unresolved but desired young end-member must rely on indirect methods, but a simple mixing model cannot be developed without knowledge of the sedimentation rate or comparable constraints. A mathematical approach allowing for multiple mixing components yields a maximum likelihood age, a first-order approximation of the relative proportion of the autochthonous component, and the temperature at which allochthonous carbon begins to volatilize and mix with the autochthonous component. It is likely that our estimation of the cutoff temperature will be improved with knowledge of the pyrolysis kinetics of the major components. Chronology is improved relative to bulk acid-insoluble organic material ages from nine temperature interval dates down to two, but incorporation of inherently more pre-aged carbon in the first division becomes more apparent with fewer and larger temperature intervals.},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2007gc001816},
	author = {Rosenheim, B. E. and Day, M. B. and Domack, E. and Schrum, H. and Benthien, A. and Hayes, J. M.}
}
@article {384,
	title = {Assessing sedimentary records of paleohurricane activity using modeled hurricane climatology},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1895; ISI Document Delivery No.: 351AC Times Cited: 2 Cited Reference Count: 46 Cited References: BOVE MC, 1998, B AM METEOROL SOC, V79, P2477 DEMUTH JL, 2006, J APPL METEOROL CLIM, V45, P1573 DONNELLY JP, 2001, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V113, P714 DONNELLY JP, 2001, GEOLOGY, V29, P615 DONNELLY JP, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P14218 DONNELLY JP, 2004, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V31, ARTN L05203 DONNELLY JP, 2004, HURRICANES TYPHOONS, P58 DONNELLY JP, 2004, MAR GEOL, V210, P107, DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.005 DONNELLY JP, 2005, J COAST RES S, V142, P201 DONNELLY JP, 2007, NATURE, V447, P465, DOI 10.1038/nature05834 ELSNER JB, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V28, P4123 ELSNER JB, 2001, J CLIMATE, V14, P4341 ELSNER JB, 2008, J APPL METEOROL CLIM, V47, P368, DOI 10.1175/2007JAMC1692.1 EMANUEL K, 2004, J ATMOS SCI, V61, P843 EMANUEL K, 2006, B AM METEOROL SOC, V87, P299, DOI 10.1175/BAMS-87-3-299 EMANUEL K, 2008, B AM METEOROL SOC, V89, P347, DOI 10.1175/BAMS-89-3-347 FRAPPIER A, 2007, TELLUS A, V59, P529, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2007.00250.x FRAPPIER AB, 2007, GEOLOGY, V35, P111, DOI 10.1130/G23145A.1 GEHRELS WR, 2005, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V24, P2083, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.11.016 GOLDENBERG SB, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P474 GONZALEZ JL, 2006, EOS, V87, P493, DOI 10.1029/2006EO450001 GRAY WM, 1984, MON WEATHER REV, V112, P1649 JELESNIANSKI CP, 1992, NOAA TECH REP NWS, V48 KALNAY E, 1996, B AM METEOROL SOC, V77, P437 LAMBERT WJ, 2008, J PALEOLIMNOL, V39, P117, DOI 10.1007/s10933-007-9101-6 LIGHTY RG, 1982, CORAL REEFS, V1, P125 LIU KB, 1993, GEOLOGY, V21, P793 LIU KB, 2000, QUATERNARY RES, V54, P238 MALMQUIST DL, 1997, 22 C HURR TROP MET A MERCADO A, 1994, NAT HAZARDS, V10, P235, DOI 10.1007/BF00596144 MILLER DL, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P14294, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0606549103 MOY CM, 2002, NATURE, V420, P162 NGUETSOP VF, 2004, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V23, P591, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.10.007 NOTT J, 2001, NATURE, V413, P508 NOTT J, 2004, ENVIRON INT, V30, P433, DOI 10.1016/j.cnvint.2003.09.010 NOTT J, 2007, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V255, P367, DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.12.023 NYBERG J, 2002, PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL, V183, P25 PIELKE RA, 1999, B AM METEOROL SOC, V80, P2027 PIELKE RA, 2008, NAT HAZARDS REV, V9, P29, DOI 10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2008)9:1(29) RICHEY JN, 2007, GEOLOGY, V35, P423, DOI 10.1130/G23507A.1 SCILEPPI E, 2007, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V8, ARTN Q06011 SIMPSON RH, 1981, HURRICANE ITS IMPACT STOCKDON HF, 2006, COAST ENG, V53, P573, DOI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2005.12.005 TORNQVIST TE, 2004, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V116, P1026, DOI 10.1130/B2525478.1 WOODRUFF JD, 2008, VIEQUES PUERTO RICO, V36, P391, DOI 10.1130/G24731A.1 WRIGHT CW, 2001, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V31, P2472 Woodruff, Jonathan D. Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Emanuel, Kerry Lane, Philip National Science Foundation ; Risk Prediction Initiative ; National Geographic Society ; Coastal Ocean Institute at WHOI ; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Endowed Fund for Innovative Research Funding for this research was provided by the Earth Systems History Program of the National Science Foundation, Risk Prediction Initiative, National Geographic Society, Coastal Ocean Institute at WHOI, and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Endowed Fund for Innovative Research. We are grateful to E. Bryant, M. Gomes, E. Scileppi, and J. Tierney, who assisted with the field and lab work, and thank A. Solow for informative discussions. Special thanks to J. Elsner for providing the POT modeling code and documentation. This article benefited through constructive reviews by three anonymous referees. Amer geophysical union Washington; YY},
	abstract = {Patterns of overwash deposition observed within back-barrier sediment archives can indicate past changes in tropical cyclone activity; however, it is necessary to evaluate the significance of observed trends in the context of the full range of variability under modern climate conditions. Here we present a method for assessing the statistical significance of patterns observed within a sedimentary hurricane-overwash reconstruction. To alleviate restrictions associated with the limited number of historical hurricanes affecting a specific site, we apply a recently published technique for generating a large number of synthetic storms using a coupled ocean- atmosphere hurricane model set to simulate modern climatology. Thousands of overwash records are generated for a site using a random draw of these synthetic hurricanes, a prescribed threshold for overwash, and a specified temporal resolution based on sedimentation rates observed at a particular site. As a test case we apply this Monte Carlo technique to a hurricane- induced overwash reconstruction developed from Laguna Playa Grande (LPG), a coastal lagoon located on the island of Vieques, Puerto Rico in the northeastern Caribbean. Apparent overwash rates in the LPG overwash record are observed to be four times lower between 2500 and 1000 years B. P. when compared to apparent overwash rates during the last 300 years. However, probability distributions based on Monte Carlo simulations indicate that as much as 65\% of this drop can be explained by a reduction in the temporal resolution for older sediments due to a decrease in sedimentation rates. Periods of no apparent overwash activity at LPG between 2500 and 3600 years B. P. and 500-1000 years B. P. are exceptionally long and are unlikely to occur (above 99\% confidence) under the current climate conditions. In addition, breaks in activity are difficult to produce even when the hurricane model is forced to a constant El Nino state. Results from this study continue to support the interpretation that the western North Atlantic has exhibited significant changes in hurricane climatology over the last 5500 years.},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2008gc002043},
	author = {Woodruff, J. D. and Donnelly, J. P. and Emanuel, K. and Lane, P.}
}
@article {435,
	title = {A Be-10 chronology of lateglacial and Holocene mountain glaciation in the Scoresby Sund region, east Greenland: implications for seasonality during lateglacial time},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1868; 389XX Times Cited:7 Cited References Count:75Y},
	pages = {2273-2282},
	abstract = {Thirty-eight new cosmogenic (Be-10) exposure ages from the Scoresby Sund region of east Greenland indicate that prominent moraine sets deposited by mountain glaciers date from 780 to 310 yr, approximately during the Little Ice Age, from 11660 to 10 630 yr, at the end of the Younger Dryas cold interval or during Preboreal time, and from 13 010 to 11630 yr, during lateglacial time. Equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) interpreted from lateglacial to Early Holocene moraines indicate summertime cooling between similar to 3.9 and 6.6 degrees C relative to today{\textquoteright}s value, much less than the extreme Younger Dryas cooling registered by Greenland ice cores (mean-annual temperatures of similar to 15 degrees C colder than today{\textquoteright}s value). This apparent discrepancy between paleotemperature records supports the contention that Younger Dryas cooling was primarily a wintertime phenomenon. Be-10 ages of lateglacial and Holocene moraines show that mountain glaciers during the Little Ice Age were more extensive than at any other time since the Early Holocene Epoch. In addition, 10Be ages of lateglacial moraines show extensive reworking of boulders with cosmogenic nuclides inherited from prior periods of exposure, consistent with our geomorphic observations and cosmogenic-exposure dating studies in other Arctic regions. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.08.004},
	author = {Kelly, M. A. and Lowell, T. V. and Hall, B. L. and Schaefer, J. M. and Finkel, R. C. and Goehring, B. M. and Alley, R. B. and Denton, G. H.}
}
@article {387,
	title = {Benthic foraminiferal faunal and isotopic changes as recorded in Holocene sediments of the northwest Indian Ocean},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1964; PT: J; UT: WOS:000256362400001},
	pages = {PA2214-PA2214},
	abstract = {Historically, the Holocene has been considered an interval of relatively stable climate. However, recent studies from the northern Arabian Sea (Netherlands Indian Ocean Program 905) suggested high-amplitude climate shifts in the early and middle Holocene based on faunal and benthic isotopic proxy records. We examined benthic foraminiferal faunal and stable isotopic data from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 723 and total organic carbon data from ODP Site 724, Oman Margin (808 and 593 m water depths, respectively). At Site 723 the mid-Holocene shift in delta(18)O values of infaunal benthic species Uvigerina peregrina (1.4 parts per thousand) is 3 times larger than that of epifaunal benthic species Cibicides kullenbergi recorded at Site NIOP 905 off Somalia. However, none of the five other benthic species we measured at Hole 723A exhibits such a shift in delta(18)O. We speculate that the late Holocene delta(18)O decrease in U. peregrina represents species-specific changes in ecological habitat or food preference in response to changes in surface and deep ocean circulation. While the stable isotopic data do not appear to indicate a middle Holocene climatic shift, our total organic carbon and benthic faunal assemblage data do indicate that the early Holocene deep Arabian Sea was influenced by increased ventilation perhaps by North Atlantic Deep Water and/or Circumpolar Deep Water incursions into the Indian Ocean, leading to remineralization of organic matter and a relatively weak early Holocene oxygen minimum zone in the northwest Arabian Sea in spite of strong summer monsoon circulation.},
	issn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/2007PA001546},
	author = {Gupta, Anil K. and Das, Moumita and Clemens, Steven C. and Mukherjee, Baidehi}
}
@article {274,
	title = {Biogeochemical characterization of carbon sources in the strickland and fly rivers, Papua New Guinea},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1870; 251HH Times Cited:4 Cited References Count:75Y},
	abstract = {[1] The highstanding islands of Oceania are recognized as a source of significant particulate organic carbon delivered to nearshore marine environments. The existing data on carbon export in Oceania are largely derived from small mountainous watersheds (},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2006jf000625},
	author = {Alin, S. R. and Aalto, R. and Go{\~n}i, M. A. and Richey, J. E. and Dietrich, W. E.}
}
@article {511,
	title = {C-14 as a tracer of labile organic matter in Antarctic benthic food webs},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1854; 386VU Times Cited:7 Cited References Count:98Y},
	pages = {2438-2450},
	abstract = {C-14 measurements were made on surface plankton, particle-trap material, surface sediment, benthic invertebrate gut contents, and body tissue samples to assess the effectiveness of this radioisotope as a tracer of labile organic carbon in Antarctic benthic food webs. Samples were collected on five cruises to the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) shelf between November 1999 and March 2001 as part of the Food for Benthos on the ANtarctic Continental-Shelf (FOODBANCS) Project. The 14C contents of the body tissues from a variety of deposit feeders (-126 +/- 13 per mil) were substantially enriched relative to the surface sediment (-234 +/- 13 per mil) and statistically similar to the organic matter collected in plankton tows (-135 +/- 10 per mil), indicating that recently produced marine plankton are the primary source of nutrition for these deposit feeders on the West Antarctic shelf. Selective ingestion was the primary feeding strategy used by echiuran worms and certain holothurians (i.e. Peniagone vignoni) for incorporating labile organic carbon into their tissues as demonstrated by the large differences (105 +/- 13 per mil) between surface sediment and gut content C-14 activities. In contrast, digestive and/or assimilatory, selection was the predominant strategy used by an irregular urchin (Amphipneustes lorioli) and several other holothurians (Protelpidia murrayi, Bathyplotes fuscivinculum and the head-clown conveyor belt feeder, Molpadia musculus), as demonstrated by large differences (42 +/- 7 per mil) between the 14C activities of their foregut or whole-gut organic contents and their body tissues. Despite large fluctuations in carbon export from the euphotic zone, benthic feeding strategies remained essentially constant over the 15-month sampling period. No seasonal variation was evident in either the 14C abundance of the deposit-feeder body tissues, or in the 14C abundance of their gut contents. The mean C-14 abundance in the body tissues of the two sub-surface deposit feeders (A. lorioli and M. musculus; mean = -136.2 +/- 8.5 per mil) was distinct (p = 0.0008) from the mean 14C abundance in the body tissues of the four surface deposit feeders (echiuran worm, P vignoni, P. murrayi, and B. fusciviculum; -122.6 +/- 12.3 per mil). The mean 14 C abundance of the gut contents from the sub-surface deposit feeders (-178.0 +/- 18.6 per mil) also was significantly depleted (p = 0.0009) relative to that of the surface deposit feeders (-149.5 +/- 26.6 per mil). The 14C measurements proved to be a much more sensitive tracer for tracking labile organic carbon during ingestive and assimilatory processes than the stable isotopes of carbon or nitrogen. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.06.004},
	author = {Purinton, B. L. and DeMaster, D. J. and Thomas, C. J. and Smith, C. R.}
}
@article {656,
	title = {Cooling and changing seasonality in the Southern Alps, New Zealand during the Antarctic Cold Reversal},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2008},
	note = {293rhTimes Cited:27Cited References Count:64},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {589-601},
	abstract = {A comprehensively C-14 AMS dated pollen and chironomid record from Boundary Stream Tarn provides the first chironomid-derived temperature reconstruction to quantify temperature change during Lateglacial times (17,500-10,000 cal yr BP) in the Southern Alps, New Zealand. The records indicate a ca 1000-year disruption to the Lateglacial warming trend and an overall cooling consistent with the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR). The main interval of chironomid-inferred summer temperature depression (similar to 2-3 degrees C) lasted about 700 years during the ACR. Following this cooling event, both proxies indicate a warming step to temperatures slightly cooler than present during the Younger Dryas chronozone (12,900-11,500 cal yr BP). These results highlight a direct linkage between Antarctica and mid-latitude terrestrial climate systems and the largely asynchronous nature of the interhemispheric climate system during the last glacial transition. The greater magnitude of temperature changes shown by the chironomid record is attributed to the response of the proxies to differences in seasonal climate with chironomids reflecting summer temperature and vegetation more strongly controlled by duration of winter or by minimum temperatures. These differences imply stronger seasonality at times during the Lateglacial, which may explain some of the variability between other paleoclimate records from New Zealand and have wider implications for understanding differences between proxy records for abrupt climate change. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.11.015},
	author = {Vandergoes, M. J. and Dieffenbacher-Krall, A. C. and Newnham, R. M. and Denton, G. H. and Blaauw, M.}
}
@article {400,
	title = {Determination of biodiesel blending percentages using natural abundance radiocarbon analysis: Testing the accuracy of retail biodiesel blends},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1864; 281JN Times Cited:3 Cited References Count:39; YY},
	pages = {2476-2482},
	abstract = {Blends of biodiesel and petrodiesel are being used increasingly worldwide. Due to several factors, inaccurate blending of these two mixtures can occur. To test the accuracy of biodiesel blending, we developed and validated a radiocarbon-based method and then analyzed a variety of retail biodiesel blends. Error propagation analysis demonstrated that this method calculates absolute blend content with +/- 1\% accuracy, even when real-world variability in the component biodiesel and petrodiesel sources is taken into account. We independently confirmed this accuracy using known endmembers and prepared mixtures. This is the only published method that directly quantifies the carbon of recent biological origin in biodiesel blends. Consequently, it robustly handles realistic chemical variability in biological source materials and provides unequivocal apportionment of renewable versus nonrenewable carbon in a sample fuel blend. Analysis of retail biodiesel blends acquired in 2006 in the United States revealed that inaccurate blending happens frequently. Only one out of ten retail samples passed the specifications that the United States Department of Defense requires for blends that are 20\% biodiesel (v/v; referred to as B20).},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/Es071814j},
	author = {Reddy, C. M. and DeMello, J. A. and Carmichael, C. A. and Peacock, E. E. and Xu, L. and Arey, J. S.}
}
@article {321,
	title = {Holocene erosion of the Lesser Himalaya triggered by intensified summer monsoon},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 800; 247YL Times Cited:7 Cited References Count:27; YY},
	pages = {79-82},
	abstract = {Climate is one of the principal controls setting rates of continental erosion. Here we present the results of a provenance analysis of Holocene sediments from the Indus delta in order to assess climatic controls on erosion over millennial time scales. Bulk sediment Nd isotope analysis reveals a number of changes during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene (at 14-20,11-12 and 8-9 ka) away from erosion of the Karakoram and toward more sediment flux from the Himalaya. Radiometric Ar-Ar dating of muscovite and U-Pb dating of zircon sand grains indicate that the Lesser Himalaya eroded relatively more strongly than the Greater Himalaya as global climate warmed and the summer monsoon intensified after 14 ka. Monsoon rains appear to be the primary force controlling erosion across the western Himalaya, at least over millennial time scales. This variation is preserved with no apparent lag in sediments from the delta, but not in the deep Arabian Sea, due to sediment buffering on the continental shelf.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G24315a.1},
	author = {Clift, P. D. and Giosan, L. and Biusztajn, J. and Campbell, I. H. and Allen, C. and Pringle, M. and Tabrez, A. R. and Danish, M. and Rabbani, M. M. and Alizai, A. and Carter, A. and Lueckge, A.}
}
@article {343,
	title = {The most extensive Holocene advance in the Stauning Alper, East Greenland, occurred in the Little Ice Age},
	journal = {Polar Research},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 823; 327VY Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:45Y},
	pages = {128-134},
	abstract = {We present glacial geologic and chronologic data concerning the Holocene ice extent in the Stauning Alper of East Greenland. The retreat of ice from the late-glacial position back into the mountains was accomplished by at least 11 000 cal years B.P. The only recorded advance after this time occurred during the past few centuries (the Little Ice Age). Therefore, we postulate that the Little Ice Age event represents the maximum Holocene ice extent in this part of East Greenland.},
	issn = {0800-0395},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1751-8369.2008.00058.x},
	author = {Hall, B. L. and Baroni, C. and Denton, G. H.}
}
@article {298,
	title = {Mutation and evolutionary rates in adelie penguins from the antarctic},
	journal = {Plos Genetics},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1195; Millar, Craig D Dodd, Andrew Anderson, Jennifer Gibb, Gillian C Ritchie, Peter A Baroni, Carlo Woodhams, Michael D Hendy, Michael D Lambert, David M PLoS Genet. 2008 Oct 3;4(10):e1000209.2546446},
	pages = {e1000209},
	abstract = {Precise estimations of molecular rates are fundamental to our understanding of the processes of evolution. In principle, mutation and evolutionary rates for neutral regions of the same species are expected to be equal. However, a number of recent studies have shown that mutation rates estimated from pedigree material are much faster than evolutionary rates measured over longer time periods. To resolve this apparent contradiction, we have examined the hypervariable region (HVR I) of the mitochondrial genome using families of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) from the Antarctic. We sequenced 344 bps of the HVR I from penguins comprising 508 families with 915 chicks, together with both their parents. All of the 62 germline heteroplasmies that we detected in mothers were also detected in their offspring, consistent with maternal inheritance. These data give an estimated mutation rate (micro) of 0.55 mutations/site/Myrs (HPD 95\% confidence interval of 0.29-0.88 mutations/site/Myrs) after accounting for the persistence of these heteroplasmies and the sensitivity of current detection methods. In comparison, the rate of evolution (k) of the same HVR I region, determined using DNA sequences from 162 known age sub-fossil bones spanning a 37,000-year period, was 0.86 substitutions/site/Myrs (HPD 95\% confidence interval of 0.53 and 1.17). Importantly, the latter rate is not statistically different from our estimate of the mutation rate. These results are in contrast to the view that molecular rates are time dependent.},
	issn = {1553-7404 (Electronic) 1553-7390 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1000209},
	author = {Millar, C. D. and Dodd, A. and Anderson, J. and Gibb, G. C. and Ritchie, P. A. and Baroni, C. and Woodhams, M. D. and Hendy, M. D. and Lambert, D. M.}
}
@mastersthesis {1301,
	title = {Natural Abundance Radiocarbon Studies of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in the Marine Environment},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008},
	school = {University of California, San Diego},
	abstract = {Marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC), an active reservoir in the global carbon cycle, has an average age of 6000 years and is comprised of biochemicals which may or may not cycle on different time scales. The primary objective of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between radiocarbon (14C) signature and chemical composition of various fractions within DOC. Specifically, this thesis was designed to provide an analytical framework to explicitly explore the relationship between DOC molecular weight, chemical composition, and reactivity. Chapter 2 describes spatial and temporal total organic carbon (TOC) concentration gradients in 2005 from the California Cooperative Fisheries Oceanic Cooperative (CalCOFI) region, which is the main study area for this thesis. Chapter 3 describes a novel solid phase extraction (SPE) method and reports the chemical and isotopic characteristics of fractionated DOC components based on their solubility. These fractions are compared to DOC isolated by the widely applied UF techniques and the results indicate that chemical composition and 14C content were related. Using compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of sugars and lipids, Chapter 4 shows that both SPE DOC and UDOC contain specific compounds with similar chemical and isotopic characteristics and residence times. In Chapter 5, CSIA was applied to SPE samples collected from the Delaware River and Estuary and the terrestrially influenced Eel River Margin to examine whether riverine DOC inputs contribute specific compounds or common components to the coastal ocean. Finally, the final chapter discusses the implications and significance of these results for marine DOC cycling.},
	author = {de Jesus, Roman P.}
}
@article {335,
	title = {Northern hemisphere controls on tropical southeast African climate during the past 60,000 years},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {322},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2047; PT: J; UT: WOS:000259902300046},
	pages = {252-255},
	abstract = {The processes that control climate in the tropics are poorly understood. We applied compound-specific hydrogen isotopes (delta D) and the TEX(86) (tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms) temperature proxy to sediment cores from Lake Tanganyika to independently reconstruct precipitation and temperature variations during the past 60,000 years. Tanganyika temperatures follow Northern Hemisphere insolation and indicate that warming in tropical southeast Africa during the last glacial termination began to increase similar to 3000 years before atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. delta D data show that this region experienced abrupt changes in hydrology coeval with orbital and millennial-scale events recorded in Northern Hemisphere monsoonal climate records. This implies that precipitation in tropical southeast Africa is more strongly controlled by changes in Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures and the winter Indian monsoon than by migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1160485},
	author = {Tierney, Jessica E. and Russell, James M. and Huang, Yongsong and Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe and Hopmans, Ellen C. and Cohen, Andrew S.}
}
@article {457,
	title = {A radiocarbon-based assessment of the preservation characteristics of crenarchaeol and alkenones from continental margin sediments},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 883; 344AQ Times Cited:11 Cited References Count:33Y},
	pages = {1039-1045},
	abstract = {Crenarchaeotal glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids and alkenones are two types of biomarkers, derived from planktonic marine microorganisms, which are used for reconstruction of sea surface temperature. We determined the radiocarbon contents of the archaeal GDGT crenarchaeol and of alkenones isolated from continental margin sediments. Systematic differences were found between the two biomarkers, with higher radiocarbon content in crenarchaeol than in the phytoplankton-derived alkenones. These differences can be explained by variable contributions of pre-aged, laterally-advected material to the core sites. Crenarchaeol appears to be more efficiently degraded during transport in oxygen-replete environments than alkenones. Whether this reflects the influence of chemical structure or mode of protection (e.g., particle association) is not known. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Orggeochem.2008.02.006},
	author = {Mollenhauer, G. and Eglinton, T. I. and HopmanSd, E. C. and Damste, J. S. S.}
}
@article {320,
	title = {Reconstructing relative flooding intensities responsible for hurricane-induced deposits from Laguna Playa Grande, Vieques, Puerto Rico},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 865; ISI Document Delivery No.: 300VM Times Cited: 3 Cited Reference Count: 19 Cited References: BALDOCK TE, 2005, COAST ENG, V52, P633, DOI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2005.04.002 BOOSE ER, 2004, ECOL MONOGR, V74, P335 DONNELLY C, 2006, J COASTAL RES, V22, P965, DOI 10.2112/04-0431.1 DONNELLY JP, 2001, GEOLOGY, V29, P615 DONNELLY JP, 2007, NATURE, V447, P465, DOI 10.1038/nature05834 FERGUSON RI, 2004, J SEDIMENT RES, V74, P933 HAUG GH, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P1304 HOLLAND TK, 2001, COASTAL SEDIMENTS 91, P489 JAFFE BE, 2007, SEDIMENT GEOL, V200, P347, DOI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.01.013 LIU KB, 1993, GEOLOGY, V21, P793 MERCADO A, 1994, NAT HAZARDS, V10, P235, DOI 10.1007/BF00596144 MEYERPETER E, 1948, 2ND P C IAHR STOCKH, V2, P39 MOORE AL, 2007, SEDIMENT GEOL, V200, P336, DOI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.01.012 NOTT J, 2004, ENVIRON INT, V30, P433, DOI 10.1016/j.cnvint.2003.09.010 NYBERG J, 2001, QUATERNARY RES, V56, P87, DOI 10.1006/qres.2001.2249 RUESSINK BG, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V103, P3111 SOLA EM, 1995, HISTORIA HURACANES P STOCKDON HF, 2006, COAST ENG, V53, P573, DOI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2005.12.005 VISSER PJ, 1998, BREACH GROWTH SAND D Woodruff, Jonathan D. Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Mohrig, David Geyer, Wayne R. Geological soc amer, inc Boulder; YY},
	pages = {391-394},
	abstract = {Extreme coastal flooding, primarily during hurricane strikes, has deposited sand-rich layers in Laguna Playa Grande, a back-barrier lagoon located on the island of Vieques, Puerto Rico. Silici-clastic grain-size distributions within these overwash deposits fine landward (away from the barrier and toward the mainland). A simple advective-settling model can explain this pattern of lateral sorting and is used to constrain the relative magnitude of past flooding events. A deposit associated with the A.D. 1928 San Felipe hurricane is used as a modern analogue to test the technique, which produces reasonable estimates for wave heights that exceed the barrier during the event. A 5000 yr reconstruction of local flooding intensity is developed that provides a measure of the competence for each overwash event to transport coarser-grained sediment a fixed distance into the lagoon. This reconstruction indicates that although the Laguna Playa Grande record exhibits large-scale changes in hurricane frequency on centennial to millennial time scales, the magnitude of these events has stayed relatively constant. Over the last 5000 yr, no evidence exists for an anomalously large hurricane or tsunami event with a competence for sediment transport greater than historical hurricane events.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/g24731a.1},
	author = {Woodruff, J. D. and Donnelly, J. P. and Mohrig, D. and Geyer, W. R.}
}
@article {436,
	title = {Relative sea-level change, Kjove Land, Scoresby Sund, East Greenland: implications for seasonality in Younger Dryas time},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 824; 389XX Times Cited:3 Cited References Count:43Y},
	pages = {2283-2291},
	abstract = {The age of the Milne Land Stade (MLS) moraines in the Scoresby Sund region of East Greenland is key for testing the hypothesis that strong seasonality marked abrupt cooling events, such as the Younger Dryas, registered in Greenland ice cores. The relevant chronology is based on 69 radiocarbon dates of shells from raised beaches and deltas related to marine inundation and isostatic rebound that accompanied glacier retreat from the moraines. Taken together, these dates form the basis for a relative sea-level curve that shows very high rates of emergence typical of recently deglaciated regions. Upward extrapolation of this curve suggests that the marine limit (134 m a.s.l.) dates to about 12,400 cal yr B.R The shorelines that mark the marine limit lie within areas that were ice-covered when the glaciers were at the outer limit of the MLS advance; hence, the moraines that form the outer limit must antedate 12,400 cal yr B.R and probably are from earliest Younger Dryas or Allerod time. At Holger Danskes Briller, an inner moraine grades to a massive ice-contact delta, now at 101 m a.s.l., which is dated to 11,000-11,300 cal yr B.P. The age of the outer MLS moraines, along with constraints on the maximum possible Younger Dryas ice extent and snowline lowering are consistent with the idea that East Greenland climate experienced strong seasonality during Younger Dryas time. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.08.001},
	author = {Hall, B. and Baroni, C. and Denton, G. and Kelly, M. A. and Lowell, T.}
}
@article {324,
	title = {Research focus - Tempestuous highs and lows in the Gulf of Mexico},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 863; ISI Document Delivery No.: 344QW Times Cited: 3 Cited Reference Count: 25 Cited References: BLUM MD, 2003, T GULF COAST ASS GEO, V53, P64 BLUM MD, 2008, GEOLOGY, V36, P675, DOI 10.1130/G24728A.1 DONNELLY JP, 2007, NATURE, V447, P465, DOI 10.1038/nature05834 GIOSAN L, 2006, GEOLOGY, V34, P757, DOI 10.1130/G22587.1 HUTTON EWH, 2008, COMPUT GEOSCI-UK, V34, P1319, DOI 10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.013 IVINS ER, 2007, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V34, ARTN L16303 JURKOWSKI G, 1984, J GEOPHYS RES, V89, P6247 KOMAR PD, 2008, J COASTAL RES, V24, P479, DOI 10.2112/07-0894.1 LAMBERT WJ, 2003, T GULF COAST ASS GEO, V53, P433 LIU KB, 2004, HURRICANES TYPHOONS, P13 LOPEZ GI, 2008, J COASTAL RES, P49 MILLIKEN KT, 2008, GEOL S AM S, V443, P1, DOI 10.1130/2008.2443(01) MORTON RA, 2000, J SEDIMENT RES A, V70, P478 OTVOS EG, 1995, J COASTAL RES, V11, P984 OTVOS EG, 1999, J COASTAL RES, V15, P438 OTVOS EG, 2000, GEOMORPHOLOGY, V32, P83 OTVOS EG, 2002, QUATERNARY RES, V57, P425 RODRIGUEZ AB, 2004, J SEDIMENT RES, V74, P405 RODRIGUEZ AB, 2006, J SEDIMENT RES, V76, P257, DOI 10.2110/jsr.2006.018 SHEPARD FP, 1964, SCIENCE, V143, P574 STAPOR FW, 1991, J COASTAL RES, V7, P815 TANNER WF, 1992, B AM METEOROL SOC, V73, P297 TANNER WF, 1995, MAR GEOL, V129, P149 TORNQVIST TE, 2006, GEOLOGY, V34, P697, DOI 10.1130/G22624.1 WRIGHT EE, 2005, J SEDIMENT RES, V75, P621 Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Giosan, Liviu Geological soc amer, inc Boulder; YY},
	pages = {751-752},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/focus092008.1},
	author = {Donnelly, J. P. and Giosan, L.}
}
@article { ISI:000262186900001,
	title = {Stratigraphy, pollen history and geochronology of tidal marshes in a Gulf of Maine estuarine system: Climatic and relative sea level impacts},
	journal = {MARINE GEOLOGY},
	volume = {256},
	number = {{1-4}},
	year = {2008},
	month = {DEC 20},
	pages = {1-17},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {Sedimentologic and stratigraphic characteristics of five tidal marshes in Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire, which is located on the western boundary of the Gulf of Maine, were assessed from 20 vibracores. detailed descriptions of surficial environments, pollen analyses, and radiocarbon dating. Modern marsh sequences in Great Bay Estuary initiated with a time-transgressive basal peat that formed at the upland-brackish marsh boundary. The oldest basal peat deposit sampled during this study was dated at similar to 4560 cal yr B.P (based on an age of 4060 +/- 40 C-14 yr B.P.). The original tidal marshes that formed in Great Bay Estuary apparently were unable to accrete at a high enough rate to allow seaward expansion, resulting in a transgressive sequence of low marsh or mudflat sediments overlying the basal peat. The transgressive tidal marsh sequence is capped by high marsh sediments that corresponded to a slowing of relative sea-level (RSL) rise in the region and regressive seaward expansion of the tidal marshes. However, significant variations from these transgressive-regressive sequences occur in the Great Bay tidal marshes as a result of more recent marsh expansion and tidal channel migrations. Detailed pollen analyses of a vibracore taken in a tidal marsh along Squamscott River with a sedimentary record spanning the last similar to 3900 cal yr B.P exhibit five well-documented marker horizons including: 1) an increase of Tsuga (hemlock); 2) the appearance of Picea (spruce); 3) Tsuga and Fagus (beech) declines; 4) an increase in Ambrosia (ragweed) coupled with a sudden decrease in Quercus (oak); and 5) the Castanea (chestnut) decline. Using published ages for these pollen horizons and a calibrated 14C age obtained during this study for a basal peat, accretion rates for this marsh system over five time intervals were calculated: 1) 0.4 to 0.5 mm yr(-1) from similar to 3900 to 2850 cal yr B.P.; 2) 0.6 mm yr(-1) from similar to 2850 to similar to 1960 cal yr B.P.; 3) 0.8 mm yr(-1) from similar to 1960 to similar to 580 cal yr B.P.; 4) 0.7 to 0.8 mm yr(-1) from similar to 580 to similar to 210 cal yr B.P.: and 5) 0.8 to 0.9 mm yr(-1) over the last 210 years. The long-term accretion rate for the entire sequence based on the calibrated C-14 age of the basal peat was 0.6 to 0.7 mm yr(-1). This result agrees with accretion rates determined from calibrated C-14 ages from two other tidal marsh systems in Great Bay Estuary with accretion rates between similar to 0.6 to similar to 0.8 mm yr(-1). Higher accretion rates were obtained at a nearby tidal marsh with 1.2 mm yr(-1) for just the marsh and 1.3 mm yr(-1) for the marsh and underlying subtidal sediment. The results of this study indicate that the sedimentology and stratigraphy of moderate-size tidal marshes in rocky, glaciated coasts are highly variable and are strongly influenced by complex interactions among RSL, climatic variations, and anthropogenic influences. For instance, the early development of many of the marshes in the Great Bay Estuary area were likely driven by changes in rates of RSL resulting in transgressive onlap boundaries, subsequently overlain by regressive intertidal marsh sequences. However, more recent changes in tidal marsh sediment composition deposited during a relatively slow, steady RSL rise likely result from other forcings. such as changes in minerogenic and orogenic sediment inputs due to anthropogenic effects, tidal channel migrations, major storms causing erosion of the marsh, or climatic changes causing shifts in sediment delivery or vegetation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {accretion, climate effects, pollen, relative sea level, salt marshes, sedimentology, stratigraphy},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2008.08.004},
	author = {Ward, Larry G. and Zaprowski, Brent J. and Trainer, Kevin D. and Davis, P. Thompson}
}
@article {1876,
	title = {Very high-resolution seismo-acoustic imaging of seagrass meadows (Mediterranean Sea): Implications for carbon sink estimates},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 896; 351AE Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:14},
	month = {2008},
	abstract = {Posidonia oceanica is a widespread coastal Mediterranean seagrass which accumulates in its subsurface large quantities of organic material derived from its roots, rhizomes and leaf sheaths embedded in sandy sediments. These organic deposits may be up to several meters thick as they accumulate over thousands of years forming the matte, whose high content in organic carbon plays a major role in the global ocean carbon cycle. In this study, very highresolution seismo-acoustic methods were applied to image the subsurface features of a P. oceanica seagrass meadow at Portlligat (Cadaque{\textquoteright}s, Girona, Spain), in the NW-Mediterranean Sea. Our findings yield fresh insights into the settling of the P. oceanica meadow in the study area, and define with unprecedented detail the potential volume occupied by the matte. A strong reflector, located from 4.3 to 11.7 m depth, was recognized in several seismo-acoustic profiles as the substratum on which P. oceanica first settled in the study area. A 3D bathymetric model of this substratum allowed us to reconstruct the Portlligat palaeo-environment prior to the settling of P. oceanica, which corresponded to a shallow coastal setting protected from the open sea. A core drilled in the meadow at Portlligat revealed the presence of a 6 m thick dense matte composed of medium to coarse sandy sediments mixed with plant debris and bioclasts. Radiocarbon datings revealed a constant accretion rate of the matte of about 1.1 m/kyr. Gravelly bioclastic deposits observed at the base of the core correspond to the base of the matte and gave a date of 5616 +/- 46 Cal yr BP. For the first time, very high-resolution marine geophysical techniques allowed us to accurately define the volume occupied by P. oceanica matte, which in the study area reaches up to almost 220,000 +/- 17,400 m(3). This result is an important step forward in our efforts to estimate the size of the carbon sink represented by P. oceanica meadows along the Mediterranean coasts significantly contributing to the biosphere carbon cycle.},
	keywords = {cycle},
	isbn = {0094-8276},
	author = {Lo Iacono, C. and Mateo, M. A. and Gracia, E. and Guasch, L. and Carbonell, R. and Serrano, L. and Serrano, O. and Danobeitia, J.}
}
@conference {1547,
	title = {14C and 13C isotopic characterization of organic carbon in surface waters of the South Atlantic Bight},
	booktitle = {ASLO Aquatic Sciences Meeting},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1026},
	month = {2007},
	address = {Santa Fe, NM},
	author = {De Alteris, J. A. and Bauer, J. E. and Perkey, D. W. and Keesee, E. J. and Cai, W. J.}
}
@article {1897,
	title = {Aging of marine organic matter during cross-shelf lateral transport in the Benguela upwelling system revealed by compound-specific radiocarbon dating},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2007},
	note = {213qvTimes Cited:3
Cited References Count:60
},
	month = {Sep 18},
	abstract = {Organic matter accumulation and burial on the Namibian shelf and upper slope are spatially heterogeneous and strongly controlled by lateral transport in subsurface nepheloid layers. Much of the material deposited in depo-centers on the slope ultimately derives from the shelf. Supply of organic matter from the shelf involves selective transport of organic matter. We studied these selective transport processes by analyzing the radiocarbon content of co-occurring sediment fractions. Here we present radiocarbon data for total organic carbon as well as three tracers of surface ocean productivity (phytoplankton-derived alkenones, membrane lipids of pelagic crenarchaeota (crenarchaeol), and calcareous microfossils of planktic foraminifera) in core-top and near-surface sediment samples. The samples were collected on the Namibian margin along a shelf-slope transect (85 to 1040 m) at 24 degrees S and from the upper slope depo-center at 25.5 degrees S. In core-top sediments, alkenone ages gradually increased from modern to 3490 radiocarbon years with distance from shore and with water depth. Crenarchaeol, while younger than alkenones, also increased in age with distance offshore. It was concluded that the observed ages were a consequence of cross-shelf transport and associated aging of organic matter. Radiocarbon ages of preserved lipid biomarkers in sediments thus at least partially depend on the relative amount of laterally supplied, pre-aged material present in a sample, highlighting the importance of nepheloid transport for the sedimentation of organic matter over the Namibian margin.},
	keywords = {alkenones, atlantic-ocean, burial, carbon accumulation, coastal, compound-specific radiocarbon dating, continental-margin, ionization mass-spectrometry, membrane-lipids, namibia, sea sediments, Sediment transport},
	isbn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2007GC001603},
	author = {Mollenhauer, G. and Inthorn, M. and Vogt, T. and Zabel, M. and Damste, J. S. S. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {336,
	title = {Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {316},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1897; ISI Document Delivery No.: 153XD Times Cited: 46 Cited Reference Count: 61 Cited References: ADKINS JF, 1997, NATURE, V390, P154 ADKINS JF, 1999, RECONSTRUCTING OCEAN, P103 ADKINS JF, 2003, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V216, P109, DOI 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00502-8 BACON MP, 1982, J GEOPHYS RES, V87, P2045 BICKERT T, 2004, S ATLANTIC LATE QUAT, P671 BOYLE EA, 1982, SCIENCE, V218, P784 BROECKER W, 1988, RADIOCARBON, V30, P261 CHASE Z, 2002, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V204, P215 CLARK PU, 2002, NATURE, V415, P863 CONKRIGHT ME, 2002, WORLD OCEAN ATLAS 20 CURRY WB, 1982, QUATERNARY RES, V18, P218 CURRY WB, 2005, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V20, ARTN PA1017 DUPIESSY JC, 1980, NATURE, V286, P479 DUPLESSY JC, 1988, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V3, P343 DUPLESSY JC, 1989, RADIOCARBON, V31, P493 ELDERFIELD H, 2006, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V250, P633, DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.07.041 EMILIANI C, 1955, J GEOL, V63, P538 GANACHAUD A, 2000, NATURE, V408, P453 GEBBIE G, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q11N07 GHERARDI JM, 2005, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V240, P710, DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.061 HALL IR, 2006, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V33, ARTN L16616 HALL MM, 1982, DEEP-SEA RES, V29, P339 HEWITT CD, 2003, CLIM DYNAM, V20, P203, DOI 10.1007/s00382-002-0272-6 HIRSCHI JJM, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q10N04 HUYBERS P, 2007, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V37, P394, DOI 10.1175/JPO3018.1 KEIGWIN LD, 2004, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V19, ARTN PA4012 KISSEL C, 1999, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V171, P489 KITOH A, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V28, P2221 KUCERA M, 2005, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V24, P951, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.07.014 KUMAR N, 1993, NATURE, V362, P45 LEGRAND P, 1995, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V10, P1011 LEGRANDE AN, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P837 LYNCHSTIEGLITZ J, 1999, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V14, P360 LYNCHSTIEGLITZ J, 2001, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V2, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000208 LYNCHSTIEGLITZ J, 2003, TREATISE GEOCHEMISTR, V6, P433 LYNCHSTIEGLITZ J, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q10N03 MANABE S, 1988, J CLIMATOL, V1, P841 MANGINI A, 1998, NATURE, V392, P347 MARCHAL O, 2000, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V15, P625 MARCHITTO TM, 2000, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V15, P299 MARCHITTO TM, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q12003 MAROTZKE J, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V104, P29529 MATSUMOTO K, 1999, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V14, P149 MCCAVE IN, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q10N05 MCMANUS JF, 2004, NATURE, V428, P834, DOI 10.1038/nature02494 MIX AC, 2001, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V20, P627 OTTOBLIESNER BL, 2006, J CLIMATE, V19, P2526 PAUL A, 2003, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V18, ARTN 1058 PIOTROWSKI AM, 2005, SCIENCE, V307, P1933, DOI 10.1126/science.1104883 ROBINSON LF, 2005, SCIENCE, V310, P1469, DOI 10.1126/science.1114832 ROEMMICH D, 1985, DEEP-SEA RES, V32, P619 SARNTHEIN M, 1994, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V9, P209 SCHMITTNER A, 2005, GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY, V19, ARTN GB3004 SHACKLETON NJ, 1988, NATURE, V335, P708 SHIN SI, 2003, CLIM DYNAM, V20, P127, DOI 10.1007/s00382-002-0260-x STOMMEL H, 1961, TELLUS, V13, P224 STREETER SS, 1979, SCIENCE, V203, P168 VELLINGA M, 2002, CLIMATIC CHANGE, V54, P251 WUNSCH C, 2003, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V22, P371 YU EF, 1996, NATURE, V379, P689 ZHANG R, 2005, J CLIMATE, V18, P1853 Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean Adkins, Jess F. Curry, William B. Dokken, Trond Hall, Ian R. Herguera, Juan Carlos Hirschi, Joel J. -M. Ivanova, Elena V. Kissel, Catherine Marchal, Olivier Marchitto, Thomas M. McCave, I. Nicholas McManus, Jerry F. Mulitza, Stefan Ninnemann, Ulysses Peeters, Frank Yu, Ein-Fen Zahn, Rainer Amer assoc advancement science Washington; YY},
	pages = {66-69},
	abstract = {The circulation of the deep Atlantic Ocean during the height of the last ice age appears to have been quite different from today. We review observations implying that Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum was neither extremely sluggish nor an enhanced version of present-day circulation. The distribution of the decay products of uranium in sediments is consistent with a residence time for deep waters in the Atlantic only slightly greater than today. However, evidence from multiple water-mass tracers supports a different distribution of deep-water properties, including density, which is dynamically linked to circulation.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1137127},
	author = {Lynch-Stieglitz, J. and Adkins, J. F. and Curry, W. B. and Dokken, T. and Hall, I. R. and Herguera, J. C. and Hirschi, J. J. M. and Ivanova, E. V. and Kissel, C. and Marchal, O. and Marchitto, T. M. and McCave, I. N. and McManus, J. F. and Mulitza, S. and Ninnemann, U. and Peeters, F. and Yu, E. F. and Zahn, R.}
}
@article {1888,
	title = {Carbon export and cycling by the York, Tanana and Porcupine Rivers, Alaska, 2001-2005},
	journal = {Water Resources Res.},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1162},
	month = {2007},
	author = {Striegl, R. G. and Dornblaser, M. M. and Aiken, G. R. and Wickland, K. P. and Raymond, P. A.}
}
@article {1907,
	title = {Constraints on the origin of sedimentary organic carbon in the Beaufort Sea from coupled molecular 13C and 14C measurements},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {103},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1030},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {146-162},
	author = {Drenzek, Nicholas J. and Montlu{\c c}on, Daniel B. and Yunker, Mark B. and Macdonald, Robie W. and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@conference {1605,
	title = {Deposition and reactivity of aerosol-derived organic carbon in temperate watersheds},
	booktitle = {ASLO Aquatic Sciences Meeting},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1029},
	month = {2007},
	address = {Santa Fe, NM},
	author = {Wozniak, A. W. and Bauer, J. E. and Dickhut, R. M. and Keesee, E. J.}
}
@article {1481,
	title = {Holocene fire and occupation in Amazonia: Records from two lake districts},
	volume = {Ser. B.},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 454},
	month = {2007},
	author = {Bush, M. B. and Silman, M. R. and de Toledo, M. B. and Listopad, C. R. S. and Gosling, W. D. and Williams, C. and De Oliveira, P. E. and Krisel, C.}
}
@article {716,
	title = {Intense hurricane activity over the past 5,000 years controlled by El Nino and the West African monsoon},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {447},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Donnelly, Jeffrey PWoodruff, Jonathan DengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.England2007/05/25 09:00Nature. 2007 May 24;447(7143):465-8.},
	month = {May 24},
	pages = {465-8},
	abstract = {The processes that control the formation, intensity and track of hurricanes are poorly understood. It has been proposed that an increase in sea surface temperatures caused by anthropogenic climate change has led to an increase in the frequency of intense tropical cyclones, but this proposal has been challenged on the basis that the instrumental record is too short and unreliable to reveal trends in intense tropical cyclone activity. Storm-induced deposits preserved in the sediments of coastal lagoons offer the opportunity to study the links between climatic conditions and hurricane activity on longer timescales, because they provide centennial- to millennial-scale records of past hurricane landfalls. Here we present a record of intense hurricane activity in the western North Atlantic Ocean over the past 5,000 years based on sediment cores from a Caribbean lagoon that contain coarse-grained deposits associated with intense hurricane landfalls. The record indicates that the frequency of intense hurricane landfalls has varied on centennial to millennial scales over this interval. Comparison of the sediment record with palaeo-climate records indicates that this variability was probably modulated by atmospheric dynamics associated with variations in the El Nino/Southern Oscillation and the strength of the West African monsoon, and suggests that sea surface temperatures as high as at present are not necessary to support intervals of frequent intense hurricanes. To accurately predict changes in intense hurricane activity, it is therefore important to understand how the El Nino/Southern Oscillation and the West African monsoon will respond to future climate change.},
	issn = {0028-0836 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1038/nature05834},
	author = {Donnelly, J. P. and Woodruff, J. D.}
}
@article {476,
	title = {Last millennia sedimentary record on a micro-tidal, low-accumulation prodelta (Tet NW Mediterranean)},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {243},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1904; 210TU Times Cited:8 Cited References Count:68Y},
	pages = {77-96},
	abstract = {Statistical sequential analysis was performed on a series of sediment cores collected from the Tet prodelta in the Gulf of Lions, northwestern Mediterranean Sea, between October 2003 and October 2004. Seabed changes during that period were correlated to hydrodynamic conditions (waves and currents) and river discharge. Low sediment supply prevents full preservation of new sediment strata on this low-accumulation prodelta located on a microtidal, storm-dorninated inner shelf. Severe meteorological events caused a rapid succession of erosion and deposition phases. For example, the December 2003 flood and storm produced a flood layer deposit that persisted for 2 months with only slight transformations due to early diagenesis and/or bioturbation, until a new, storm event eroded this layer. A typical sedimentary sequence was observed for the secular deposits composed of a 10-cm-thick sandy layer overlaying siltyclayey layers. These characteristic features were used to analyse the last millennia sedimentary record of the Tet prodelta. The low preservation of freshly deposited sediments and variable sedimentation rates during the last millennia period yield a sedimentary sequence formed by the outcropping of muddy prodeltaic units intersected by heterogeneous siltysandy units similar to those formed under present day hydrodynamic conditions. No flood layer was found related to catastrophic flooding of the last century in the sedimentary record. The Little lee Age (similar to 1550-1850 AD) probably favoured the formation of a well-developed muddy prodelta in the mouth of the Tet River. Later on, the decrease of sediment supply by rivers due to climate change and/or human activities (damming, irrigation), and the increase of the number of high-energy storms reaching the coast, induced a coarsening of the top sediment layer on this prodelta. This modem change of the substrate is also observed in the composition of benthic biota found in the substrate. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Margeo.2007.04.009},
	author = {Bourrin, F. and Monaco, A. and Aloisi, J. C. and Sanchez-Cabeza, J. A. and Lofi, J. and Heussner, S. and de Madron, X. D. and Jeanty, G. and Buscail, R. and Saragoni, G.}
}
@article {648,
	title = {Late Quaternary environmental and human events at En Gedi, reflected by the geology and archaeology of the Moringa Cave (Dead Sea area, Israel)},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {68},
	year = {2007},
	note = {207wkTimes Cited:3Cited References Count:55},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {203-212},
	abstract = {The Moringa Cave within Pleistocene sediments in the En Gedi area of the Dead Sea Fault Escarpment contains a sequence of various Pleistocene lacustrine deposits associated with higher-than-today lake levels at the Dead Sea basin. In addition it contains Chalcolithic remains and 5th century BC burials attributed to the Persian period, cemented and covered by Late Holocene travertine flowstone. These deposits represent a chain of Late Pleistocene and Holocene interconnected environmental and human events, echoing broader scale regional and global climate events. A major shift between depositional environments is associated with the rapid fall of Lake Lisan level during the latest Pleistocene. This exposed the sediments, providing for cave formation processes sometime between the latest Pleistocene (ca. 15 ka) and the Middle Holocene (ca. 4500 BC), eventually leading to human use of the cave. The Chalcolithic use of the cave can be related to a relatively moist desert environment, probably related to a shift in the location of the northern boundary of the Saharo-Arabian desert belt. The travertine layer was U-Th dated 2.46 +/- 0.10 to 2.10 +/- 0.04 ka, in agreement with the archaeological finds from the Persian period. Together with the inner consistency of the dating results, this strongly supports the reliability of the radiometric ages. The 2.46-2.10 ka travertine deposition within the presently dry cave suggests a higher recharge of the Judean Desert aquifer, correlative to a rising Dead Sea towards the end of the 1 st millennium BC. This suggests a relatively moist local and regional climate facilitating human habitation of the desert. (c) 2007 University of Washington. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2007.03.010},
	author = {Lisker, S. and Porat, R. and Davidovich, U. and Eshel, H. and Lauritzen, S. E. and Frumkin, A.}
}
@article {1487,
	title = {A Mid-Holocene environmental change in Amazonian savannas},
	volume = {on-line},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 455},
	month = {2007},
	author = {de Toledo, M. B. and Bush, M. B.}
}
@inbook {1463,
	title = {Oceanic dispersal and accumulation of river sediment},
	booktitle = {Continental-Margin Sedimentation: from Sediment Transport to Sequence Stratigraphy},
	volume = {IAS Special Publication},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1119},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {608},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
	organization = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {Sommerfield, C. K. and Agston, A. S. and Mullenbach, B. L. and Drake, D. E. and Alexander, C. R. and Nittrouer, C. A. and Borgeld, J. C. and Wheatcroft, R. A. and Leithold, E. L.},
	editor = {Nittrouer, C. A.}
}
@article {1359,
	title = {Paleoseismology of the Nephi segment of the Wasatch fault zone, Juab County, Utah--Preliminary results from two large exploratory trenches at Willow Creek},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1116; Investigations Map 2966, 2 oversize plates},
	month = {2007},
	publisher = {U. S. Geological Survey},
	author = {Machette, M. N. and Crone, A. J. and Personius, S. F. and Dart, R. L. and Lidke, D. J. and Mahan, S. A. and Olig, S. S.}
}
@article {348,
	title = {Post-glacial changes in spatial patterns of vegetation across southern New England},
	journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1840; 157BN Times Cited:5 Cited References Count:70Y},
	pages = {900-913},
	abstract = {Aim We analysed lake-sediment pollen records from eight sites in southern New England to address: (1) regional variation in ecological responses to post-glacial climatic changes, (2) landscape-scale vegetational heterogeneity at different times in the past, and (3) environmental and ecological controls on spatial patterns of vegetation. Location The eight study sites are located in southern New England in the states of Massachusetts and Connecticut. The sites span a climatic and vegetational gradient from the lowland areas of eastern Massachusetts and Connecticut to the uplands of north-central and western Massachusetts. Tsuga canadensis and Fagus grandifolia are abundant in the upland area, while Quercus, Carya and Pinus species have higher abundances in the lowlands. Methods We collected sediment cores from three lakes in eastern and north-central Massachusetts (Berry East, Blood and Little Royalston Ponds). Pollen records from those sites were compared with previously published pollen data from five other sites. Multivariate data analysis (non-metric multi-dimensional scaling) was used to compare the pollen spectra of these sites through time. Results Our analyses revealed a sequence of vegetational responses to climate changes occurring across southern New England during the past 14,000 calibrated radiocarbon years before present (cal yr BP). Pollen assemblages at all sites were dominated by Picea and Pinus banksiana between 14,000 and 11,500 cal yr BP; by Pinus strobus from 11,500 to 10,500 cal yr BP; and by P. strobus and Tsuga between 10,500 and 9500 cal yr BP. At 9500-8000 cal yr BP, however, vegetation composition began to differentiate between lowland and upland sites. Lowland sites had higher percentages of Quercus pollen, whereas Tsuga abundance was higher at the upland sites. This spatial heterogeneity strengthened between 8000 and 5500 cal yr BP, when Fagus became abundant in the uplands and Quercus pollen percentages increased further in the lowland records. The differentiation of upland and lowland vegetation zones remained strong during the mid-Holocene Tsuga decline (5500-3500 cal yr BP), but the pattern weakened during the late-Holocene (3500-300 cal yr BP) and European-settlement intervals. Within-group similarity declined in response to the uneven late-Holocene expansion of Castanea, while between-group similarity increased due to homogenization of the regional vegetation by forest clearance and ongoing disturbances. Main conclusions The regional gradient of vegetation composition across southern New England was first established between 9500 and 8000 cal yr BP. The spatial heterogeneity of the vegetation may have arisen at that time in response to the development or strengthening of the regional climatic gradient. Alternatively, the differentiation of upland and lowland vegetation types may have occurred as the climate ameliorated and an increasing number of species arrived in the region, arranging themselves in progressively more complex vegetation patterns across relatively stationary environmental gradients. The emergence of a regional vegetational gradient in southern New England may be a manifestation of the increasing number of species and more finely divided resource gradient.},
	issn = {0305-0270},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01650.x},
	author = {Oswald, W. W. and Faison, E. K. and Foster, D. R. and Doughty, E. D. and Hall, B. R. and Hansen, B. C. S.}
}
@article {1891,
	title = {Sedimentary evidence of hurricane strikes in western Long Island, New York},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2007},
	note = {182vrTimes Cited:48
Cited References Count:59
},
	month = {Jun 21},
	abstract = {[1] Evidence of historical landfalling hurricanes and prehistoric storms has been recovered from backbarrier environments in the New York City area. Overwash deposits correlate with landfalls of the most intense documented hurricanes in the area, including the hurricanes of 1893, 1821, 1788, and 1693 A. D. There is little evidence of intense hurricane landfalls in the region for several hundred years prior to the late 17th century A. D. The apparent increase in intense hurricane landfalls around 300 years ago occurs during the latter half of the Little Ice Age, a time of lower tropical sea surface temperatures. Multiple washovers laid down between similar to 2200 and 900 cal yr B. P. suggest an interval of frequent intense hurricane landfalls in the region. Our results provide preliminary evidence that fluctuations in intense hurricane landfall in the northeastern United States were roughly synchronous with hurricane landfall fluctuations observed for the Caribbean and Gulf Coast, suggesting North Atlantic - wide changes in hurricane activity.},
	keywords = {barrier-island, climate, Coastal geology, fire-island, global change : climate variability, hurricane, hydrology : extreme events, hydrology : hydroclimatology, ice-age, New York, new-england, new-jersey, past 5,000 years, Salt marsh, salt-marsh, sea-level rise, sedimentation, tidal marsh, tropical cyclones},
	isbn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2006GC001463},
	author = {Scileppi, E. and Donnelly, J. P.}
}
@article {275,
	title = {A study of secondary organic aerosol formation in the anthropogenic-influenced southeastern United States},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {112},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 788; 187XB Times Cited:47 Cited References Count:39Y},
	abstract = {[1] The formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in an anthropogenic-influenced region in the southeastern United States is investigated by a comparison with urban plumes in the northeast. The analysis is based on measurements of fine-particle organic compounds soluble in water (WSOC) as a measure of secondary organic aerosol. Aircraft measurements over a large area of northern Georgia, including the Atlanta metropolitan region, and in plumes from New York City and surrounding urban regions in the northeast show that fine-particle WSOC are spatially correlated with vehicle emission tracers (e.g., CO), yet the measurements indicate that vehicles do not directly emit significant particulate WSOC. In addition to being correlated, WSOC concentrations were in similar proportions to anthropogenic tracers in both regions, despite biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that were on average 10-100 times higher over northern Georgia. In contrast, radiocarbon analysis on WSOC extracted from integrated filters deployed in Atlanta suggests that roughly 70-80\% of the carbon in summertime WSOC is modern. If both findings are valid, the combined results indicate that in northern Georgia, fine-particle WSOC was secondary and formed through a process that involves mainly modern biogenic VOCs but which is strongly linked to an anthropogenic component that may largely control the mass of SOA formed. Independent of the radiocarbon results, a strong association between SOA and anthropogenic sources has implications for control strategies in urban regions with large biogenic VOC emissions.},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2007jd008408},
	author = {Weber, R. J. and Sullivan, A. P. and Peltier, R. E. and Russell, A. and Yan, B. and Zheng, M. and de Gouw, J. and Warneke, C. and Brock, C. and Holloway, J. S. and Atlas, E. L. and Edgerton, E.}
}
@article {2444,
	title = {A study of secondary organic aerosol formation in the anthropogenic-influenced southeastern United States},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {112},
	year = {2007},
	note = {263D13302
},
	month = {Jul},
	abstract = {[1] The formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in an anthropogenic-influenced region in the southeastern United States is investigated by a comparison with urban plumes in the northeast. The analysis is based on measurements of fine-particle organic compounds soluble in water (WSOC) as a measure of secondary organic aerosol. Aircraft measurements over a large area of northern Georgia, including the Atlanta metropolitan region, and in plumes from New York City and surrounding urban regions in the northeast show that fine-particle WSOC are spatially correlated with vehicle emission tracers (e.g., CO), yet the measurements indicate that vehicles do not directly emit significant particulate WSOC. In addition to being correlated, WSOC concentrations were in similar proportions to anthropogenic tracers in both regions, despite biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that were on average 10-100 times higher over northern Georgia. In contrast, radiocarbon analysis on WSOC extracted from integrated filters deployed in Atlanta suggests that roughly 70-80\% of the carbon in summertime WSOC is modern. If both findings are valid, the combined results indicate that in northern Georgia, fine-particle WSOC was secondary and formed through a process that involves mainly modern biogenic VOCs but which is strongly linked to an anthropogenic component that may largely control the mass of SOA formed. Independent of the radiocarbon results, a strong association between SOA and anthropogenic sources has implications for control strategies in urban regions with large biogenic VOC emissions.},
	keywords = {AMBIENT AEROSOL, atmosphere, C-14, emissions, evolution, GASOLINE, OXIDATION, PARTICLES, RATIOS, ZURICH},
	isbn = {2169-897X},
	doi = {10.1029/2007JD008408},
	author = {Weber, R. J. and Sullivan, A. P. and Peltier, R. E. and Russell, A. and Yan, B. and Zheng, M. and de Gouw, J. and Warneke, C. and Brock, C. and Holloway, J. S. and Atlas, E. L. and Edgerton, E.}
}
@inbook {1447,
	title = {Submarine canyon and fan systems of the California Continental Borderland, Chapter 3-7},
	booktitle = {Earth Science in the Urban Ocean: The Southern California Contental Borderlands},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 992},
	month = {2007},
	author = {Normark, W. R. and Piper, D. J. W. and Romans, B. W. and Covault, J. A. and Dartnell, P. and Sliter, R. W.},
	editor = {Paper, Geological Society of America Special}
}
@article {709,
	title = {Abrupt tropical climate change: past and present},
	journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
	volume = {103},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Thompson, Lonnie GMosley-Thompson, EllenBrecher, HenryDavis, MaryLeon, BlancaLes, DonLin, Ping-NanMashiotta, TracyMountain, KeithengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.2006/07/04 09:00Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jul 11;103(28):10536-43. Epub 2006 Jun 30.},
	month = {Jul 11},
	pages = {10536-43},
	abstract = {Three lines of evidence for abrupt tropical climate change, both past and present, are presented. First, annually and decadally averaged delta(18)O and net mass-balance histories for the last 400 and 2,000 yr, respectively, demonstrate that the current warming at high elevations in the mid- to low latitudes is unprecedented for at least the last 2 millennia. Second, the continuing retreat of most mid- to low-latitude glaciers, many having persisted for thousands of years, signals a recent and abrupt change in the Earth{\textquoteright}s climate system. Finally, rooted, soft-bodied wetland plants, now exposed along the margins as the Quelccaya ice cap (Peru) retreats, have been radiocarbon dated and, when coupled with other widespread proxy evidence, provide strong evidence for an abrupt mid-Holocene climate event that marked the transition from early Holocene (pre-5,000-yr-B.P.) conditions to cooler, late Holocene (post-5,000-yr-B.P.) conditions. This abrupt event, approximately 5,200 yr ago, was widespread and spatially coherent through much of the tropics and was coincident with structural changes in several civilizations. These three lines of evidence argue that the present warming and associated glacier retreat are unprecedented in some areas for at least 5,200 yr. The ongoing global-scale, rapid retreat of mountain glaciers is not only contributing to global sea-level rise but also threatening freshwater supplies in many of the world{\textquoteright}s most populous regions.},
	issn = {0027-8424 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0603900103},
	author = {Thompson, L. G. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Brecher, H. and Davis, M. and Leon, B. and Les, D. and Lin, P. N. and Mashiotta, T. and Mountain, K.}
}
@conference {1549,
	title = {Abrupt vegetation changes in tropical South America over the last 120,000 years},
	booktitle = {EOS Abstracts, 2006 Ocean Sciences Meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1078},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Honolulu, HI},
	author = {Hughen, K. A. and Drenzek, N. and Bice, M. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@conference {1574,
	title = {Atmospheric fossil sources of river and estuarine organic carbon transported to the coastal ocean},
	booktitle = {Ocean Sciences Meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1028},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Honolulu, HI},
	author = {Wozniak, A. S. and Bauer, J. E. and Dickhut, R. M. and Keesee, E. J.}
}
@inbook {1437,
	title = {Carbon flux in seagrass ecosystems},
	booktitle = {Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation.},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 2006},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {157-191},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {The Netherlands},
	author = {Mateo, M. A. and Cebri{\'a}n, J. and Dunton, K. and Mutchler, T.},
	editor = {Larkum, A. W. D.}
}
@article {1949,
	title = {Chemical composition of the graphitic black carbon fraction in riverine and marine sediments at submicron scales using carbon X-ray spectromicroscopy},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1703},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {1483-1494},
	author = {Haberstroh, P. R. and Brandes, J. A. and Gelinas, Y. and Dickens, A. F. and Wirick, S.}
}
@article {1954,
	title = {A climatic driver for abrupt mid-Holocene vegetation dynamics and the hemlock decline in New England},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {87},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Foster, David ROswald, W Wyatt
Faison, Edward K
Doughty, Elaine D
Hansen, Barbara C S
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2007/01/26 09:00
Ecology. 2006 Dec;87(12):2959-66.
},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {2959-66},
	abstract = {The mid-Holocene decline of eastern hemlock is widely viewed as the sole prehistorical example of an insect- or pathogen-mediated collapse of a North American tree species and has been extensively studied for insights into pest-host dynamics and the consequences to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of dominant-species removal. We report paleoecological evidence implicating climate as a major driver of this episode. Data drawn from sites across a gradient in hemlock abundance from dominant to absent demonstrate: a synchronous, dramatic decline in a contrasting taxon (oak); changes in lake sediments and aquatic taxa indicating low water levels; and one or more intervals of intense drought at regional to continental scales. These results, which accord well with emerging climate reconstructions, challenge the interpretation of a biotically driven hemlock decline and highlight the potential for climate change to generate major, abrupt dynamics in forest ecosystems.},
	keywords = {*Climate, *Ecosystem, Geologic Sediments, new england, Tsuga/*physiology},
	isbn = {0012-9658 (Print)0012-9658 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2959:ACDFAM]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Foster, D. R. and Oswald, W. W. and Faison, E. K. and Doughty, E. D. and Hansen, B. C.}
}
@conference {1601,
	title = {Cross-shelf lateral transport in the Benguela Upwelling System: Aging of marine organic matter in the benthic boundary layer},
	booktitle = {Ocean Sciences Meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 545},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Honollulu, Hawaii USA},
	author = {Mollenhauer, Gesine and Inthorn, Maik and Zabel, Matthias and Damste, Jaap Sinninghe and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {653,
	title = {Deglaciation and Holocene climate change in the western Peruvian Andes},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2006},
	note = {058upTimes Cited:27Cited References Count:55},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {87-96},
	abstract = {Pollen, charcoal, magnetic susceptibility, and bulk density data provide the first paleoecological record spanning the last 33,000 years from the western cordillera of the Peruvian Andes. Sparse super-puna vegetation existed before 30,000 cat yr B.P. around Lake Compuerta (3950 m elevation), prior to a sedimentary hiatus that lasted until c. 16,200 cat yr B.P. When sedimentation resumed, a glacial foreland or super-puna flora is represented in which Polylepis was a significant element. Glacial outwash, marked by high sedimentary magnetic susceptibility, increased from c. 16,200 cat yr B.P. and reached a peak at c. 13,200 cat yr B.P. Between c. 12,500 cat yr B.P. and 10,000 cat yr B.P., magnetic susceptibility was reduced. Vegetation shifts suggest a cool dry time, consistent with regional descriptions of the Younger Dryas event. Deglaciation resumes by 10,000 cat yr B.P. and the last ice is lost from the catchnient at similar to 7500 cat yr B.P. During the early Holocene warm and dry period between 10,000 and 5500 cat yr B.P., Alnus expanded in downslope forests. Alnus declined in abundance at 5500 cat yr B.P. when wetter and cooler conditions returned and human activity intensified. Maize (Zea mays) pollen first occurred in the core at similar to 2600 cat yr B.P., indicating a minimum age for local agriculture. An increase in Alnus pollen abundance at similar to 1000 cat yr B.P. could be due to human activity or perhaps due to a regional climate change associated with cultural turnover elsewhere in the Andes at this time. (c) 2006 University of Washington. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2006.01.004},
	author = {Weng, C. Y. and Bush, M. B. and Curtis, J. H. and Kolata, A. L. and Dillehay, T. D. and Binford, M. W.}
}
@article {1955,
	title = {Early holocene openlands in southern New England},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {87},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Faison, E KFoster, D R
Oswald, W W
Hansen, B C S
Doughty, E
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2006/11/09 09:00
Ecology. 2006 Oct;87(10):2537-47.
},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {2537-47},
	abstract = {The pre-historical vegetation structure in temperate forest regions is much debated among European and North American ecologists and conservationists. Frans Vera{\textquoteright}s recent hypothesis that large mammals created mosaics of forest and openland vegetation in both regions throughout the Holocene has been particularly controversial and has provoked new approaches to conservation management. Thirty years earlier, American paleoecologists Herb Wright and Margaret Davis debated whether abundant ragweed pollen at Rogers Lake, Connecticut at 9500 yr BP signified local forest openings or long-distance transport of pollen from Midwestern prairies. Using new pollen records from Harvard Forest and the North American Pollen Database, we address this question and offer insights to the openland discussion. Ragweed and other forbs exceed 3.5\% at five sites in a restricted area of southern New England between 10,100 and 7700 yr BP. Strong evidence suggests this pollen originated from the landscapes surrounding these sites (supporting Davis), as ragweed pollen percentages do not increase with longitude from New England to the Midwest. Ragweed pollen percentages are also unrelated to basin size and therefore unrelated to the proportion of extraregional pollen in New England. High forbs values were associated with increases in oak, decreases in white pine, and relatively high charcoal values. Modern pollen records with similar forb and tree percentages occur along the Prairie Peninsula region of the Upper Midwest. However, the closest analogue to the southern New England early Holocene assemblages comes from Massachusetts{\textquoteright} Walden Pond in the early 18th century. These results and the affiliation of ragweed for open, disturbed habitats suggest that oak-pine forests with large openings persisted for over 2000 years due to dry conditions and perhaps increased fire frequency. This conclusion is corroborated by independent lake level and climate reconstructions. Because these early Holocene openlands have no detectable analogue in New England for the past 7000 years before European settlement, we suggest that all important openlands today are almost exclusively a legacy of Colonial agriculture and should be managed accordingly. Nonetheless, our results may have implications for forest dynamics accompanying projected climate change to more arid conditions in New England over the next century.},
	keywords = {*Ambrosia, *Pollen, Ecosystem, Geography, new england, Paleontology},
	isbn = {0012-9658 (Print)0012-9658 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2537:EHOISN]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Faison, E. K. and Foster, D. R. and Oswald, W. W. and Hansen, B. C. and Doughty, E.}
}
@conference {1622,
	title = {Elemental and isotopic characterization of organic matter and carbon in the South Atlantic bight, a net heterotrophic ocean margin},
	booktitle = {Ocean Sciences Meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 481},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Honolulu, HI},
	author = {De Alteris, J. and Bauer, J. E. and Perkey, D. W. and Keesee, E. J. and Cai, W. J.}
}
@article {1941,
	title = {Flooding of Bering Strait and Holocene climate in the Chukchi Sea},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 678},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {861-864},
	author = {Keigwin, L. D. and Donnelly, J. P. and Cook, M. S. and Driscoll, N. W. and Brigham-Grette, J.}
}
@article {358,
	title = {Holocene elephant seal distribution implies warmer-than-present climate in the Ross Sea},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {103},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1918; PT: J; NR: 25; TC: 14; J9: P NATL ACAD SCI USA; PG: 5; GA: 064DM; UT: WOS:000239069400013},
	pages = {10213-10217},
	abstract = {We show that southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) colonies existed proximate to the Ross Ice Shelf during the Holocene, well south of their core sub-Antarctic breeding and molting grounds. We propose that this was due to warming (including a previously unrecognized period from approximate to 1,100 to 2,300 C-14 yr B.P.) that decreased coastal sea ice and allowed penetration of warmer-than-present climate conditions into the Ross Embayment. If, as proposed in the literature, the ice shelf survived this period, it would have been exposed to environments substantially warmer than present.},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0604002103},
	author = {Hall, B. L. and Hoelzel, A. R. and Baroni, C. and Denton, G. H. and Le Boeuf, B. J. and Overturf, B. and Topf, A. L.}
}
@article {1943,
	title = {Incorporation of aged dissolved organic carbon (DOC) onto oceanic particulate organic carbon (POC): an experimental approach using carbon isotopes},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {98},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 682},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {315-322},
	author = {Hwang, J. and Druffel, E. R. M. and Bauer, J. E.}
}
@article {654,
	title = {The influence of seasonal precipitation and temperature regimes on lake levels in the northeastern United States during the Holocene},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2006},
	note = {003pfTimes Cited:40Cited References Count:48},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {44-56},
	abstract = {AMS-dated sediment cores combined with ground-penetrating radar profiles from two lakes in southeastern Massachusetts demonstrate that regional water levels rose and fell multiple times during the Holocene when the known climatic controls (i.e., ice extent and insolation) underwent unidirectional changes. The lakes were lowest between 10,000 and 9000 and between 5500 and 3000 cat yr B.P. Using a heuristic moisture-budget model, we explore the hypothesis that changes in seasonal precipitation regimes, driven by monotonic trends in ice extent and insolation, plausibly explain the multiple lake-level changes. Simulated lake levels resulting from low summer precipitation rates match observed low lake levels of 10,000-9000 cat yr B.P., whereas a model experiment that simply shifts the seasonality of the modem Massachusetts precipitation regime (i.e., moving the peak monthly precipitation from winter to summer) produces levels that are similar to 2 in lower than today as observed for 5500-3000 cat yr BY, The influence of the Laurentide ice sheet could explain dry summers before ca. 8000 cat yr B.P. A later shift from a summer-wet to a winter-wet moisture-balance regime could have resulted from insolation-driven changes in the influence of the Bermuda subtropical high. Temperature changes probably further modified lake levels by affecting snowmelt and transpiration. (c) 2005 Published by University of Washington.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2005.09.001},
	author = {Shuman, B. and Donnelly, J. P.}
}
@conference {1656,
	title = {Investigating the temperoral relationship between the synthesis and sediment incorporation of vascular plant biomarkers using molecular level 14C analysis},
	booktitle = {EOS Abstracts, 2006 AGU Ocean Sciences Meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 562},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Honolulu, HI},
	author = {Drenzek, N. and Poussart, P. and Lima, A. L. and Hughens, K. and Reddy, C. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {1917,
	title = {Las morenas de Punta Banderas, Lago Argentino},
	journal = {Proceedings of the XVI Congreso Geologico Argentino},
	volume = {CD-ROM},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 707},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {6 pp.},
	author = {Strelin, J. and Denton, G. H.}
}
@article {731,
	title = {Mid-Holocene El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) attenuation revealed by individual foraminifera in eastern tropical Pacific sediments},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2006},
	note = {113wzTimes Cited:128Cited References Count:26},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {993-996},
	abstract = {Holocene reconstructions of the Ell Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) provide valuable perspective on its recent evolution and can be important for assessing its future. Optimal assessment of past ENSO variability requires observations from its center of action in the eastern equatorial Pacific, but these are limited due to paucity of high-resolution paleoceanographic archives (e.g., corals). Here we use a new approach to quantify past ENSO variance based on the oxygen isotopic composition (delta O-18) of individual foraminifera (Globigerinoides ruber) from deep-sea sediments in the ENSO source region.. Individual G. ruber foraminifera behave as monthly recorders of sea-surface conditions, including ENSO extremes, circumventing the lack of annual resolution in the sediments. Intrapopulation delta O-18 distributions derived with this method from a core near the Galapagos Islands reveal mid-Holocene reductions in variance or 50\%, requiring drastic attenuation of the ENSO amplitude. Furthermore, Mg/Ca thermometry indicates that mid-Holocene background conditions were accompanied by a stronger zonal temperature gradient that coincided with a northward-displaced Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The results suggest that the position of the ITCZ is an important factor in the low-frequency modulation of ENSO and could influence its future evolution.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G22810a.1},
	author = {Koutavas, A. and deMenocal, P. B. and Olive, G. C. and Lynch-Stieglitz, J.}
}
@article {664,
	title = {A multiproxy palaeoecological record of Holocene lake sediments from the Rio Tapajos, eastern Amazonia},
	journal = {Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology},
	volume = {240},
	year = {2006},
	note = {097fbTimes Cited:40Cited References Count:78},
	month = {Oct 19},
	pages = {523-535},
	abstract = {Two sediment cores up to 42 m in length were raised from the wide, deep, section of the lower Tapajos River, Amazonia, referred to as Lago Tapajos. These cores reveal a history of subtle environmental change that began with the formation of Lago Tapajos as sea level rose about 11,000 years ago. The sediments of the lake were deposited fairly quickly-at a rate of ca. 4 m per millennium and are uniformly fine grained, with low organic content. The fossil pollen record derived from these sediments reveals that forest surrounded this site throughout the Holocene. The largest change in the core took place between ca. 5500 and 4200 cal. years BP and reflects a transition from coarser to finer sediments. Coincident with the change in sediment is a slight transition in the pollen spectra with an increase in Poaceae abundance at the expense of the pioneer tree Cecropia cecropia. A tentative explanation is offered in which increased human activity, possibly spurred by climatic change, resulted in the formation of some local grasslands. However, despite the apparent actions of humans, there is no indication of basin-wide transformation of landscapes in this record. The Holocene persistence of forest as the dominant landscape matrix around Lago Tapajos is supported by low delta C-13 values and by the constant geochemistry and mineralogy of the lake sediments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.005},
	author = {Irion, G. and Bush, M. B. and de Mello, J. A. N. and Stuben, D. and Neumann, T. and Muller, G. and De, J. O. and Junk, J. W.}
}
@article {1957,
	title = {The mystery interval 1.5 to 14.5 kyrs ago},
	journal = {Pages News},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 701},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {14-16},
	author = {Denton, G. H. and Broecker, W. S. and Alley, R. B.}
}
@article {1929,
	title = {Pedological properties of the eroding coastline along the Beaufort Sea, Alaska},
	journal = {Eos Trans. AGU Fall Meeting Supplement},
	volume = {87},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1002},
	month = {2006},
	author = {Ping, C. L. and Dou, F. and Jorgenson, G. and Michaelson, J. and Lynn, L. A. and Shur, Y. and Kanevsky, M.}
}
@article {1942,
	title = {Quantifying archaeal community autotrophy in the mesopelogic ocean using natural radiocarbon},
	journal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA},
	volume = {103},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 502},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {6442-6447},
	author = {Ingalls, A. E. and Shah, S. R. and Hansman, R. L. and Aluwihare, L. I. and Santos, G. M. and Druffel, E. R. M. and Pearson, A.}
}
@article {678,
	title = {Rapid sea-level rise and Holocene climate in the Chukchi Sea},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2006},
	note = {089zkTimes Cited:67Cited References Count:18},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {861-864},
	abstract = {Three new sediment cores from the Chukchi Sea preserve a record of local paleoenvironment, sedimentation, and flooding of the Chukchi Shelf (similar to-50 m) by glacial-eustatic sea-level rise. Radiocarbon dates on foraminifera provide the first marine evidence that the sea invaded Hope Valley (southern Chukchi Sea, -53 m) as early as 12 ka. The lack of significant sediment accumulation since ca. 7 ka in Hope Valley, southeastern Chukchi Shelf, is consistent with decreased sediment supply and fluvial discharge to the shelf as deglaciation of Alaska concluded. Abundant benthic foraminifera from a site west of Barrow Canyon indicate that surface waters were more productive 4-6 ka, and this productivity varied on centennial time scales. An offshore companion to this core contains a 20 m record of the Holocene. These results show that carefully selected core sites from the western Arctic Ocean can have a temporal resolution equal to the best cores from other regions, and that these sites can be exploited for high-resolution studies of the paleoenvironment.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G22712.1},
	author = {Keigwin, L. D. and Donnelly, J. P. and Cook, M. S. and Driscoll, N. W. and Brigham-Grette, J.}
}
@article {1924,
	title = {Refining the radiocarbon dating of Antarctic marine sediments via stepped combustion},
	journal = {Eps Trans AGU},
	volume = {87},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 702},
	month = {2006},
	author = {Schrum, H. and Hayes, J. and Domack, E.}
}
@article {980,
	title = {The rise and fall of the refugial hypothesis},
	journal = {Biota Neotropica},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 457},
	pages = {17 p.},
	doi = {10.1590/S1676-06032006000100002 },
	author = {Bush, M. B. and De Oliveira, P. E.}
}
@article {1958,
	title = {Sediment Cd and Mo accumulation in the oxygen-minimum zone off western Baja California linked to global climate over the past 52 kyr},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2006},
	note = {110idTimes Cited:34
Cited References Count:68
},
	month = {Nov 25},
	abstract = {[ 1] Concentrations of organic carbon (orgC), cadmium (Cd), and molybdenum (Mo) were measured in two sediment cores raised from depths of 430 and 700 m within the oxygen-minimum zone (OMZ) off southern Baja California at a temporal resolution of similar to 0.5 kyr over the past 52 kyr. These records are supplemented with diffuse spectral reflectance (DSR) measurements obtained on board ship soon after collection at a resolution of similar to 0.05 kyr. In the core from 700 m depth, a component extracted from the DSR data and the three geochemical proxies generally vary in concert with each other and over a wide range ( 4 - 22\% orgC; 1 - 40 mg/kg Cd; 5 120 mg/kg Mo). Intervals of increased orgC, Cd, and Mo accumulation generally correspond to warm periods recorded in the oxygen-isotopic composition of Greenland ice, with the exception of the Bolling/Allerod which is only weakly expressed off Baja California. Concentrations of the biogenic proxies are higher in the core from 430 m depth, but erratic sediment accumulation before 15 ka precludes dating of the older intervals that are laminated and contain elevated orgC, Cd, and Mo concentrations. The new data provide further evidence of an intimate teleconnection between global climate and the intensity of the OMZ and/or productivity along the western margin of North America. On the basis of a comparison with Cd and Mo records collected elsewhere in the region, we conclude that productivity may actually have varied off southern Baja California by no more than a factor of 2 over the past 52 kyr.},
	keywords = {continental-margin, enhanced preservation, late pleistocene, marine-sediments, nitrogen isotope, northeast pacific waters, organic-carbon preservation, productivity variations, santa-barbara basin, suboxic sediments},
	isbn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/2005PA001239},
	author = {Dean, W. E. and Zheng, Y. and Ortiz, J. D. and van Geen, A.}
}
@article {602,
	title = {Sedimentary features of the Yangtze River-derived along-shelf clinoform deposit in the East China Sea},
	journal = {Continental Shelf Research},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2006},
	note = {109ueTimes Cited:158Cited References Count:62},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {2141-2156},
	abstract = {A predominant sigmoidal clinoform deposit extends from the Yangtze River mouth southwards 800 kin along the Chinese coast. This clinoform is thickest (similar to 40m) between the 20 and 30 m isobaths and progressively thins offshore, reaching water depths of 60 and 90 m and distances up to 100 km offshore. Clay mineral, heavy metal, geochemical and grain-size analyses indicate that the Yangtze River is the primary source for this longshore-transported clinoform deposit. (210)Pb chronologies show the highest accumulation rates (> 3 cm/yr) occur immediately adjacent to the Yangtze subaqueous delta (north of 30 degrees N), decreasing southward alongshore and eastward offshore. The interaction of strong tides, waves, the China Coastal Current, winter storms, and offshore upwelling appear to have played important roles in trapping most Yangtze-derived sediment on the inner shelf and transporting it to the south. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0278-4343},
	doi = {10.1016/j.csr.2006.07.013},
	author = {Liu, J. P. and Li, A. C. and Xu, K. H. and Veiozzi, D. M. and Yang, Z. S. and Milliman, J. D. and DeMaster, D.}
}
@article {1913,
	title = {Sedimentology, physical properties and age of mass transport deposits associated with the Marques de Pombal Fault, Southwest Portuguese Margin},
	journal = {Norwegian Journal of Geology},
	volume = {86},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 623},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {177-186},
	author = {Vizcaino, Alexis and Gracia, Eulalia and Pallas, Raimon and Garcia-Orellana, Jordi and Escutia, Carlota and Casas, David and Willmott, Veronica and Diez, Susana and Asioli, Alessandra and Danobeitia, Juanjo}
}
@article {1956,
	title = {Solid-state 13C NMR analysis of size and density fractions of marine sediments: Insight into organic carbon sources and preservation mechanisms},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1702},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {666-686},
	author = {Dickens, A. F. and Baldock, J. A. and Smernik, R. J. and Wakeham, S. G. and Arnarson, T. S. and Gelinas, Y. and Hedges, J. I.}
}
@article {1935,
	title = {Sources and potential transformation of estuarine dissolved and particulate organic matter: a multi-tracer approach},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 597},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {454-468},
	author = {McCallister, S. L. and Bauer, J. E. and Ducklow, H. W. and Canuel, E. A.}
}
@article {593,
	title = {Submarine earthquake geology along the North Anatolia Fault in the Marmara Sea, Turkey: A model for transform basin sedimentation},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {248},
	year = {2006},
	note = {085kgTimes Cited:55Cited References Count:98},
	month = {Aug 30},
	pages = {661-684},
	abstract = {The submerged portions of the North Anatolia Fault system beneath the Marmara Sea were studied with high-resolution multibeam bathymetry, subbottom profiling and sediment cores. The major objectives were to learn about the seismic and tectonic history of the fault from the stratigraphic record at a scale similar to paleoseismic studies on land and to develop tools for submarine earthquake geology that can be applied to fault-controlled basins in general. We focused on Holocene sediment in several Marmara Sea basins of different sizes. The approach was to test whether: (1) the depocenters of the larger basins contain a record of all historic Ms > 7 earthquakes within the Marmara Sea region; (2) the small transform basins record earthquakes that rupture through them; (3) vertical and strike-slip Holocene deformation can be quantified; and (4) the effects of an earthquake generally includes both primary structural features due to rupture of the sea floor, such as strata offset, scarps and tilting, as well as secondary effects due to shaking, such as mass-wasting and gravitational flows. We found evidence of earthquakes that we correlate with historic events in 181 AD, 740 AD, 1063 AD, 1343 AD, 1509 AD, 1766 AD, 1894 AD and 1912 AD. The geologic evidence is primarily from those basins adjacent to the rupture as inferred from historic data. This suggests that coseismic deformation of the sea floor along the rupture is a critical factor in the sedimentary record. We propose a qualitative sedimentation model that relates this coseismic deformation to mass-wasting of the slope, scour of the basin floor, seiche motions and homogenite deposition. Frequent earthquake activity sheds sediments from the flanks, contributes to the much thicker sediment on the basin floor and decreases the likelihood of sediment failures in response to normal marine gravity-driven processes. The surveying techniques and approaches used have therefore the potential of documenting earthquake ruptures of fault segments and to extend the earthquake record far before the known history, thus improving hazard evaluations and the fundamental understanding of earthquake process. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0012-821x},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2006.05.038},
	author = {McHugh, C. M. G. and Seeber, L. and Cormier, M. H. and Dutton, J. and Cagatay, N. and Polonia, A. and Ryan, W. B. F. and Gorur, N.}
}
@conference {1826,
	title = {Western Atlantic intertropical convergence zone variability over the last full glacial cycle, Abstract},
	booktitle = {Eos Trans. AGU 87, Fall Meeting Suppl.},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 558},
	month = {2006},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	author = {Drenzek, N. and Hughe, K. and Sessions, A. and Bice, M. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {679,
	title = {Young Danube delta documents stable Black Sea level since the middle Holocene: Morphodynamic, paleogeographic, and archaeological implications},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2006},
	note = {084aqTimes Cited:63Cited References Count:35},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {757-760},
	abstract = {New radiocarbon and optical dates show that the Holocene Danube delta started to build out of a Black Sea embayment similar to 5200 yr ago. Delta lobe development phases differ by as much as 5 k.y. from previously proposed ages. The new chronology allows for a better understanding of the Danube delta paleogeography, including the demise of Istria, the main ancient Greek-Roman city in the region. Prior reconstructions of sea level in the Black Sea inferred fluctuations to 15 m in range; however, stratigraphy of beach ridges in the delta shows that the relative Black Sea level for the past 5 k.y. was stable in the Danube delta region within -2 m and +1.5 of the current level. Hydroisostatic effects related to a proposed catastrophic reconnection of the Black Sea to the World Ocean in the early Holocene may have been responsible for the sea level reaching the highstand earlier than estimated by models. The new sea-level data suggest that submergence at several ancient settlements around the Black Sea may be better explained by local factors such as subsidence rather than by basin-wide sea-level fluctuations.},
	issn = {0016-8505},
	doi = {10.1130/G22587.1},
	author = {Giosan, L. and Donnelly, J. P. and Constantinescu, S. and Filip, F. and Ovejanu, I. and Vespremeanu-Stroe, A. and Vespremeanu, E. and Duller, G. A. T.}
}
@article {1991,
	title = {Blank correction for Delta 14C measurements in organic compound classes of oceanic particulate matter},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1054},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {75-87},
	author = {Hwang, Jeomshik and Druffel, Ellen R. M.}
}
@article {2004,
	title = {Catastrophic meltwater discharge down the Hudson River Valley: A potential trigger for the Intra-Allerod cold period},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1033},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {89-92},
	author = {Donnelly, J. P. and Driscoll, N. and Uchupi, E. and Keigwin, L. and Schwab, W. and Thieler, E. R. and Swift, S.}
}
@article {1965,
	title = {A decrease in discharge-normalized DOC export by the Yukon River during summer through autumn},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2005},
	note = {985cuTimes Cited:163
Cited References Count:28
},
	month = {Nov 12},
	abstract = {Climate warming is having a dramatic effect on the vegetation distribution and carbon cycling of terrestrial subarctic and arctic ecosystems. Here, we present hydrologic evidence that warming is also affecting the export of dissolved organic carbon and bicarbonate (DOC and HCO3-) at the large basin scale. In the 831,400 km(2) Yukon River basin, water discharge (Q) corrected DOC export significantly decreased during the growing season from 1978 - 80 to 2001 - 03, indicating a major shift in terrestrial to aquatic C transfer. We conclude that decreased DOC export, relative to total summer through autumn Q, results from increased flow path, residence time, and microbial mineralization of DOC in the soil active layer and groundwater. Counter to current predictions, we argue that continued warming could result in decreased DOC export to the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean by major subarctic and arctic rivers, due to increased respiration of organic C on land.},
	keywords = {alaska, arctic-ocean, climate-change, CO2, discontinuous permafrost, dissolved organic-carbon, flux, MATTER, tundra},
	isbn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2005GL024413},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000233354500009},
	author = {Striegl, R. G. and Aiken, G. R. and Dornblaser, M. M. and Raymond, P. A. and Wickland, K. P.}
}
@article {1982,
	title = {Effects of natural sunlight on decomposition of estuarine dissolved organic C, N and P and bacterial growth},
	journal = {Aquatic Microbial Ecology},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1101},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {25-35},
	author = {McCallister, S. L. and Bauer, J. E. and Kelly, J. and Ducklow, H. W.}
}
@article {2005,
	title = {Evidence of past intense tropical cyclones from backbarrier salt pond sediments: A case study from Isla de Culebrita, Puerto Rico, USA},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	volume = {SI42},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Sp. Iss. 42947fu
Times Cited:16
Cited References Count:40
},
	month = {Spr},
	pages = {201-210},
	abstract = {Tropical cyclones pose a significant threat to lives and resources in heavily-populated regions and can extensivelymodify coastal landforms. In appropriate depositional environments a sedimentological record of past tropical cyclones can be preserved. Given the relative rarity of landfalling tropical cyclones and the shortness of the instrumental record, little is known about past patterns of hurricane activity. The development of long-term records of tropical cyclone activity will make it possible to examine how past climate change may have influenced the frequency, intensity, and locations (origin, tracks) of hurricanes. Previous work has shown that intense hurricane strikes produce a distinctive sedimentary signature that can be used to reconstruct long-term records of these events. Numerous coastal salt ponds and lagoons in eastern Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands are well situated to receive allocthonous sediments during intense tropical cyclone landfalls. Coastal salt ponds, normally low-energy environments, are dominated by fine-grained organic sediments, with the exception of episodic deposition of coarser-grained mineral sediments from the beach and nearshore during extreme storms. Sediment obtained from a series of cores taken from Big Culebrita Salt Pond on the Isla de Culebrita, Puerto Rico reveal a record of flooding-induced sedimentation within mangrove and salt-pond sediments dating back more than 2000 years. Reconstructing the history of storm-surge deposition from backbarrier salt-pond sediments may allow for the reconstruction of a millennial-scale record of tropical cyclones for the northeastern Caribbean and other regions.},
	keywords = {Caribbean, climate, coast, deposits, florida, grain-size analysis, Holocene, hurricane, hurricanes, new-jersey, record, south-carolina, storm, tsunami},
	isbn = {0749-0208},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/25736985},
	author = {Donnelly, J. P.}
}
@article {493,
	title = {Geochemical and hydrogeological contrasts between shallow and deeper aquifers in two villages of Araihazar, Bangladesh: Implications for deeper aquifers as drinking water sources},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 604; 999UZ Times Cited:59 Cited References Count:49},
	pages = {5203-5218},
	abstract = {Sediment and groundwater profiles were compared in two villages of Bangladesh to understand the geochemical and hydrogeological factors that regulate dissolved As concentrations in groundwater. In both villages, fine-grained sediment layers separate shallow aquifers ( 50 ka ago and a groundwater age of thousands of years. In the other village (Bay), the sediment is},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Gca.2005.06.001},
	author = {Zheng, Y. and van Geen, A. and Stute, M. and Dhar, R. and Mo, Z. and Cheng, Z. and Horneman, A. and Gavrieli, I. and Simpson, H. J. and Versteeg, R. and Steckler, M. and Grazioli-Venier, A. and Goodbred, S. and Shahnewaz, M. and Shamsudduha, M. and Hoque, M. A. and Ahmed, K. M.}
}
@article {695,
	title = {A hydrogen-rich early Earth atmosphere},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {308},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Tian, FengToon, Owen BPavlov, Alexander ADe Sterck, HengResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.2005/04/09 09:00Science. 2005 May 13;308(5724):1014-7. Epub 2005 Apr 7.},
	month = {May 13},
	pages = {1014-7},
	abstract = {We show that the escape of hydrogen from early Earth{\textquoteright}s atmosphere likely occurred at rates slower by two orders of magnitude than previously thought. The balance between slow hydrogen escape and volcanic outgassing could have maintained a hydrogen mixing ratio of more than 30\%. The production of prebiotic organic compounds in such an atmosphere would have been more efficient than either exogenous delivery or synthesis in hydrothermal systems. The organic soup in the oceans and ponds on early Earth would have been a more favorable place for the origin of life than previously thought.},
	issn = {0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1106983},
	author = {Tian, F. and Toon, O. B. and Pavlov, A. A. and De Sterck, H.}
}
@article {2003,
	title = {Input of particulate organic and dissolved inorganic carbon from the Amazon to the Atlantic Ocean},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2005},
	note = {909pwTimes Cited:17
Cited References Count:21
},
	month = {Mar 18},
	abstract = {We report concentrations and isotope measurements (radiocarbon and stable carbon) of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and suspended particulate organic carbon (POC) in waters collected from the mouth of the Amazon River and the North Brazil Current. Samples were collected in November 1991, when the Amazon hydrograph was at its annual minimum and the North Brazil Current had retroflected into the equatorial North Atlantic. The DIC D 14 C results revealed postbomb carbon in river and ocean waters, with slightly higher values at the river mouth. The low DIC delta(13)C signature of the river end-member (-11\%) demonstrates that about half of the DIC originated from the remineralization of terrestrially derived organic matter. A linear relationship between DIC and salinity indicates that DIC was mixed nearly conservatively in the transition zone from the river mouth to the open ocean, though there was a small amount (<= 10\%) of organic matter remineralization in the mesohaline region. The POC Delta(14)C values in the river mouth were markedly lower than those values from the western Amazon region (Hedges et al., 1986). We conclude that the dominant source of POC near the river mouth and in the inner Amazon plume during November 1991 was aged, resuspended material of significant terrestrial character derived from shelf sediments, while the outer plume contained mainly marine-derived POC.},
	keywords = {accumulation, amazon, C-14, carbon cycling, CO2, continental-shelf, poc, radiocarbon, river system, Sediment, total co(2), water},
	isbn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2004GC000842},
	author = {Druffel, E. R. M. and Bauer, J. E. and Griffin, S.}
}
@article {611,
	title = {Late-glacial and Holocene record of lake levels of Mathews Pond and Whitehead Lake, northern Maine, USA},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2005},
	note = {953ghTimes Cited:21Cited References Count:81},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {283-310},
	abstract = {Paleohydrology studies at Mathews Pond and Whitehead Lake in northern Maine revealed synchronous changes in lake levels from about 12,000 C-14 yrs BP to the present. We analyzed gross sediment structure, organic and carbonate content, mineral grain size, and macrofossils of six cores from each of the two lakes, and obtained 72 radiocarbon dates. Interpretation of this paleo-environmental data suggests that the lateglacial and Younger Dryas climate was dry, and lake levels were low. Early Holocene lake levels were considerably higher but declined for an interval from about 8000 to 7200 14 C yrs BP. Sediment of both lakes contains evidence of a dry period at similar to 7400 C-14 yrs BP (8200 cal yr). Lake levels of both sites declined abruptly about 4800 14 C yrs BP and remained low until 3000 14 C yrs BP. Modern lake levels were achieved only within the past 600 years. The west-to-east, time-transgressive nature of lake-level changes from several sites across northeastern North America suggests periodic changes in atmospheric circulation patterns as a driving force behind observed moisture balance changes.},
	issn = {0921-2728},
	doi = {10.1007/s10933-005-4958-8},
	author = {Dieffenbacher-Krall, A. C. and Nurse, A. M.}
}
@article {609,
	title = {Long range transport of biomass aerosol to Greenland: Multi-spectroscopic investigation of particles deposited in the snow},
	journal = {Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry},
	volume = {263},
	year = {2005},
	note = {899oqTimes Cited:2Cited References Count:28},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {399-411},
	abstract = {Recent developments in radiometrics and mass spectrometry techniques for ultra-sensitive analysis of radionuclides in the marine environment are reviewed. In the radiometrics sector the dominant development has been the utilization of large HPGe detectors in underground laboratories with anti-cosmic or anti-Compton shielding for the analysis of short and medium-lived radionuclides in the environment. In the mass spectrometry sector, applications of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for the analysis of long-lived radionuclides in the environment are the most important recent achievements. The recent developments do not only considerably decrease the detection limits for several radionuclides (up to several orders of magnitude), but they also enable to decrease sample volumes so that sampling, e.g., of the water column can be much easier and more effective. A comparison of radiometrics and mass spectrometry results for the analysis of radionuclides in the marine environment shows a reasonable agreement - within quoted uncertainties, for wide range of activities and different sample matrices analyzed.},
	issn = {0236-5731},
	doi = {10.1007/s10967-005-0069-2},
	author = {Currie, L. A. and Kessler, J. D. and Fletcher, R. A. and Dibb, J. E.}
}
@conference {1693,
	title = {Millennial scale variability in tropical South American vegetation during the last glaciation},
	booktitle = {Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meeting Suppl.},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 563},
	month = {2005},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	author = {Hughen, K. A. and Drenzek, N. and Bice, M. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {1997,
	title = {Morphodynamics and evolution of Danube delta},
	journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Research},
	volume = {SP 83},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 499},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {391-410},
	author = {Giosan, L. and Vespremeanu, E. and Donnelly, J. P. and Bhattacharya, J. and Buonaiuto, F.}
}
@article {574,
	title = {Pre- and post-industrial environmental changes as revealed by the biogeochemical sedimentary record of Drammensfjord, Norway},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {214},
	year = {2005},
	note = {890unTimes Cited:23Cited References Count:105},
	month = {Jan 30},
	pages = {177-200},
	abstract = {The biogeochemical sedimentary record of the anoxic Drammensfjord, Norway, was investigated on a decadal to centennial time scale over the last millennium, in order to reconstruct the pre-industrial fjord environment and ecosystem and human-induced environmental changes. The sediments were dated by a combination of C-14 and Pb-210 analysis and varve counting. Analysis of the bulk sedimentary parameters and of the biomarker distribution revealed that the sedimentary organic matter of the fjord is primarily of terrigetious origin, indicating that the fjord was oligotrophic or mesotrophic. The fjord{\textquoteright}s bottom water has been continuously euxinic since at least 1000 AD, but photic zone euxinia occurred only irregularly in the fjord. The organic matter flux and composition remained virtually invariable until the 18th century. After that time, the flux of material derived from coniferous trees started to increase, indicated by elevated concentrations of dehydroabietic acid and related compounds, but also by raising levels of C-24 n-alcohols and fatty acids. This marked the onset of sawmill activities in the hinterland. After the beginning of the industrial revolution, around 1850, the flux of organic waste from sawmills and paper mills increased substantially. It is suggested that slow bacterial degradation of this relatively nutrient-poor organic waste caused a gradual eutrophication trend, which is reflected in substantial increased bacterial and moderately increased other aquatic biomarker accumulation rates. After the industrial revolution, this trend accelerated and was possibly enhanced by a growing population of the area with accompanymg agricultural and domestic waste. This promoted primary productivity and changed the phytoplankton composition in the fjord.(C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2004.10.029},
	author = {Smittenberg, R. H. and Baas, M. and Green, M. J. and Hopmans, E. C. and Schouten, S. and Damste, J. S. S.}
}
@article {1966,
	title = {The Puerto Bandera Moraines, Lago Argentino},
	journal = {Actas Del XVI Congreso Geologico Argentina, La Plata},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 573},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {1-6},
	author = {Strelin, Jorge and Denton, George}
}
@article {1994,
	title = {Solar influence on the Indian summer monssoon during the Holocene},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 535},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {1-4},
	author = {Gupta, Anil K. and Das, Moumita and Anderson, David M.}
}
@article {2023,
	title = {The 14C AMS system at the University of Georgia},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research},
	volume = {B 233-224},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1809},
	month = {2004},
	author = {Roberts, M. L. and Culp, R. A. and Dvoracek, D. K. and Hodgins, G. W. L. and Neary, M. P. and Noakes, J. E.}
}
@article {465,
	title = {The 14C AMS system at The University of Georgia},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {223-224},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 2103},
	pages = {1-4},
	abstract = {The Center for Applied Isotope Studies at the University of Georgia has installed a compact 14C accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) system manufactured by the National Electrostatics Corporation, Middleton, Wisconsin. The system utilizes a 134 sample ion source and a 500 kV Pelletron. In terms of cost and size, the new system is a significant advance over previous technology. Details and performance of the new system will be presented.},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2004.04.004},
	author = {Roberts, M. L. and Culp, R. A. and Dvoracek, D. K. and Hodgins, G. W. L. and Neary, M. P. and Noakes, J. E.}
}
@article {1021,
	title = {Alabama Gulf Coast groundwaters: 4He and 14C as groundwater-dating tools},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1222},
	pages = {289-292},
	abstract = {Analyses of 4He and 14C in groundwaters from a Miocene quartz aquifer on the Alabama Gulf Coast show the usefulness of 4He for dating these Holocene groundwaters. In this aquifer system of low alkalinities and low pHs, radiocarbon ages can be used without model correction. The groundwaters studied ranged from 42.3\% to 95.5\% modern carbon and yielded uncorrected ages of 375{\textendash}6790 yr. Radiogenic 4He ages ranged from >50{\textendash}7500 yr. },
	keywords = {14C, 4He, age dating, Baldwin County Alabama, groundwater},
	doi = {10.1130/G20081.2 },
	author = {Carey, Anne and Dowling, Carolyn B. and Poreda, Robert J.}
}
@article {909,
	title = {AMS 14C measurement and preparative techniques at NIES-TERRA},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B},
	volume = {223-224},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1492},
	pages = {116-123},
	abstract = {The AMS facility at the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) has now been operating for five years since 1997. This AMS-dedicated facility named NIES-TERRA (Tandem accelerator for Environmental Research and Radiocarbon Analysis) consists of a 5MV tandem Pelletron (15SDH-2), a solid ion source with sequential injection system, a gas ion source with a simultaneous injection system, and a gas ionization detector. Typical precision with 14C measurements is around 0.5\% and the background level has been achieved at around 50 kBP. Our main target is radiocarbon in environmental sciences, while other cosmogenic isotopes (10Be and 26Al) have been measured. Recently we have improved our preparation laboratory to increase sample throughput. CO2 production and purification using a commercial elemental analyzer connected to cryogenic traps (EA{\textendash}CT) were investigated. We used a modified elemental analyzer with a chemical trap for separation and this is expected to reduce memory effect and background in comparison with an analyzer using gas-chromatography. This newly designed EA{\textendash}CT system showed high precision and accuracy. Source of background contamination was also discussed based on the analysis of various amounts of standard materials.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2004.04.026},
	author = {Yoneda, Minoru and Shibata, Yasuyuki and Tanaka, Atsushi and Uehiro, Takashi and Morita, Masatoshi and Uchida, Masao and Kobayashi, Toshiyuki and Kobayashi, Chiaki and Suzuki, Ryo and Miyamoto, Keisuke and Hancock, Boze and Dibden, Chris and Edmonds, John S.}
}
@article {2038,
	title = {Assessing sources and agesof organic matter supporting river and estuarine bacterial production: a multiple isotope (Delta14C, delta13C and delta15N) approach},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1153},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {1687-1702},
	author = {McCallister, S. L. and Bauer, J. E. and Cherrier, J. C. and Ducklow, H. W.}
}
@article {575,
	title = {A backbarrier overwash record of intense storms from Brigantine, New Jersey},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {210},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Sp. Iss. SI853thTimes Cited:74Cited References Count:37},
	month = {Sep 15},
	pages = {107-121},
	abstract = {Analysis of aerial photographs and historic charts indicates that the barrier beach at Brigantine, NJ has migrated landward 300 to 400 m since 1869, primarily as a result of overwash during hurricanes and winter storms. A series of vibracores from the backbarrier salt marsh reveals a millennial-scale stratigraphic record of overwash deposition. Carbon-14 (C-14) and Cesium-137 (Cs-137) radioisotopic methods were used to date over-wash deposits (washovers). The ages of recent washovers are consistent with deposition during intense storms in 1938, 1944, 1950, and 1962. An additional overwash deposit recovered in five of the sediment cores was likely deposited by an intense hurricane strike in 1821 or possibly in 1788. Two prehistoric overwash fans were likely deposited by intense storms striking the New Jersey Coast in the 7th to l4th centuries and 6th to 7th centuries A.D. The landward barrier migration indicates that the older overwash sediments were likely transported a considerably greater distance than the more recent overwash fans. The greater distance of transport may indicate that the prehistoric storms that deposited overwash fans across the study site were more intense than the most intense storm to strike this coast in the historic period, the hurricane of 182 1. The spatially variable occurrence of overwash deposition at this site points to a need for multisite stratigraphic surveys of extensive stretches of the coast in order to develop reliable records of past intense storm frequency from backbarrier environments. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.005},
	author = {Donnelly, J. P. and Butler, J. and Roll, S. and Wengren, M. and Webb, T.}
}
@inbook {1397,
	title = {Backbarrier sedimentary records of intense hurricane landfalls in the northeastern United States},
	booktitle = {Hurricanes and Typhoons: Past, Present, and Potential},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 500},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {58-96},
	publisher = {Columbia Press},
	organization = {Columbia Press},
	address = {New York, NY},
	author = {Donnelly, J. P. and Iii, Webb T.},
	editor = {Murnane, R.}
}
@article {2049,
	title = {Characterization of Siberian Arctic coastal sediments: Implications for terrestrial organic carbon export},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2004},
	note = {806knTimes Cited:99
Cited References Count:51
},
	month = {Mar 10},
	abstract = {Surface sediments were collected during the 2000 TransArctic Expedition along the Siberian Arctic coastline, including the Ob, Yenisey, Khatanga, Lena, and Indigirka estuaries. Sediments were characterized for elemental composition (total organic carbon, TOC, black carbon, BC, and total N, as well as major and trace elements), isotopic signature (delta(13)C, delta(15)N, Delta(14)C, epsilon(Nd), Sr-87/Sr-86), and organic molecular composition to better understand river export variations over the large spatial scale of the Siberian Arctic. On average, 79 +/- 9\% of the total C in sediments was organic while 21 +/- 9\% was inorganic. BC made up 9 +/- 4\% of the TOC pool, with a general increasing trend from west to east along the Siberian coast. The combined Nd- and Sr-isotopes (epsilon(Nd) and Sr-87/Sr-86) were used to define two distinct sediment sources between east and west Siberian regions with the Khatanga River as a boundary. Data from pyrolysis-GC/MS of the sedimentary organic carbon (SOC) indicated an increase in the freshness of the organic matter from west to east on the Siberian Arctic coast, with increasing relative abundance of furfurals (polysaccharides) with respect to nitriles. Values for the delta(13)C of SOC ranged from -27.1\% (mostly terrigenous) to -23.8\%, while delta(15)N increased from east to west (3.1 to 5.2\%) with a significant correlation with C/N ratio. Values for the Delta(14)C of SOC ranged from -805 to -279\%, with a consistent trend increasing from the east (Indigirka River) to the west (Ob River). These D 14 C values corresponded to a 14 C age of 2570 +/- 30 yBP in the Ob estuary and 13,050 +/- 50 yBP in the Indigirka estuary. Most importantly, D 14 C values were significantly correlated with the ratio of BC/TOC (R-2 = 0.91, n = 6), consistent with the distribution pattern of increasing permafrost zone from the west to the east along the Siberian coast. Together, our results suggest that older OC was derived from the release of recalcitrant BC during permafrost thawing and riverbank and coastal erosion, likely enhanced by ongoing environmental changes in the northern ecosystem.},
	keywords = {arctic ocean, BLACK CARBON, climate, CO2, continental-shelf, flux, isotopic composition, lena river, MATTER, ocean, organic carbon, quantification, Sediment},
	isbn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2003GB002087},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000220432900001},
	author = {Guo, L. D. and Semiletov, I. and Gustafsson, O. and Ingri, J. and Andersson, P. and Dudarev, O. and White, D.}
}
@article {2020,
	title = {Compound-specific radiocarbon dating of the varved Holocene sedimentary record of Saanich Inlet, Canada},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2004},
	note = {819piTimes Cited:18
Cited References Count:69
},
	month = {May 1},
	abstract = {[1] The radiocarbon contents of various biomarkers extracted from the varve-counted sediments of Saanich Inlet, Canada, were determined to assess their applicability for dating purposes. Calibrated ages obtained from the marine planktonic archaeal biomarker crenarchaeol compared favorably with varve-count ages. The same conclusion could be drawn for a more general archaeal biomarker (GDGT-0), although this biomarker proved to be less reliable due to its less-specific origin. The results also lend support to earlier indications that marine crenarchaeota use dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) as their carbon source. The average reservoir age offset DeltaR of 430 years, determined using the crenarchaeol radiocarbon ages, varied by +/-110 years. This may be caused by natural variations in ocean-atmosphere mixing or upwelling at the NE Pacific coast but variability may also be due to an inconsistency in the marine calibration curve when used at sites with high reservoir ages.},
	keywords = {british-columbia, compound-specific radiocarbon dating, crenarchaeol, ionization mass-spectrometry, marine-sediments, mediterranean sea, membrane-lipids, ne pacific, odp leg 169s, organic-matter, pacific-ocean, rapid isolation, Reservoir age, reservoir ages, saanich inlet},
	isbn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/2003PA000927},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000221326700001},
	author = {Smittenberg, R. H. and Hopmans, E. C. and Schouten, S. and Hayes, J. M. and Eglinton, T. I. and Damste, J. S. S.}
}
@article {2055,
	title = {Coupling instrumental and geological records of sea-level change: Evidence from southern New England of an increase in the rate of sea-level rise in the late 19th century},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2004},
	note = {806kkTimes Cited:94
Cited References Count:20
},
	month = {Mar 11},
	abstract = {We construct a high-resolution relative sea-level record for the past 700 years by dating basal salt-marsh peat samples above a glacial erratic in an eastern Connecticut salt marsh, to test whether or not the apparent recent acceleration in the rate of sea-level rise (SLR) is coeval with climate warming. The data reveal an average SLR rate of 1.0 +/- 0.2 mm/year from about 1300 to 1850 A. D. Coupling of the regional tide-gauge data (1856 to present) with this marsh-based record indicates that the nearly three-fold increase in the regional rate of SLR to modern levels likely occurred in the later half of the 19th century. Thus the timing of the observed SLR rate increase is coincident with the onset of climate warming, indicating a possible link between historic SLR increases and recent temperature increases.},
	keywords = {accretion, cal yr ad, climate-ocean variations, connecticut, long-island sound, salt-marsh},
	isbn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2003GL018933},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000220432600003},
	author = {Donnelly, J. P. and Cleary, P. and Newby, P. and Ettinger, R.}
}
@article {596,
	title = {Deep global cycling of carbon constrained by the solidus of anhydrous, carbonated eclogite under upper mantle conditions},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {227},
	year = {2004},
	note = {864qyTimes Cited:192Cited References Count:49},
	month = {Oct 30},
	pages = {73-85},
	abstract = {We present partial melting experiments that constrain the near solidus phase relations of carbonated eclogite from 2 to 8.5 GPa. The starting material was prepared by adding 5 wt.\% CO2 in the form of a mixture of Fe-Mg-Ca-Na-K carbonates to an eclogite from Salt Lake crater, Oahu, Hawaii and is a reasonable approximation of carbonated oceanic crust from which siliceous hydrous fluids have been extracted during subduction. Melt-present versus melt-absent conditions are distinguished based on textural criteria. Garnet and clinopyroxene appear in all the experiments. Between 2 and 3 GPa, the subsolidus assemblage also includes ilmenite+/-calcio-dolomite(ss)+/-CO2, whereas above the solidus (1050-1075 degreesC at 3 GPa) calcio-dolomitic liquid appears. From 3 to 4.5 GPa, dolomite(ss) is stable at the solidus and the near-solidus melt becomes increasingly dolomitic. The appearance of dolomite above 3 GPa is accompanied by a negative Clapeyron slope of the solidus, with a minimum located between 995 and 1025 degreesC at ca. 4 GPa. Above 4 GPa, the solidus rises with increasing pressure to 1245+35 degreesC at 8.5 GPa and magnesite becomes the subsolidus carbonate. Dolomitic melt coexists with magnesite+garnet+cpx+rutile along the solidus from 5 to 8.5 GPa.Comparison of our results to other recent experimental studies [T. Hammouda, High-pressure melting of carbonated eclogite and experimental constraints on carbon recycling and storage in the mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 214 (2003) 357-368; G.M. Yaxley, G.P. Brey, Phase relations of carbonate-beating eclogite assemblages from 2.5 to 5.5 GPa: implications for petropnesis of carbonatites, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 146 (2004) 606-6191 shows that carbonate minerals are preserved in anhydrous or slightly hydrous carbonated eclogite to temperatures >1100 and >1200 degreesC at 5 and 9 GPa, respectively. Thus, deep subduction of carbonate is expected along any plausible subduction geotherm. If extrapolated to higher pressures, the carbonated eclogite solidus is likely to intersect the oceanic geotherm at a depth close to 400 km. Carbonated eclogite bodies entering the convecting upper mantle will thus release carbonate melt near the top of the mantle transition zone and may account for anomalously slow seismic velocities at depths of 280-400 km. Upon release, this small volume, highly reactive melt could be an effective agent of deep mantle metasomatism. Comparison of the carbonated eclogite solidus with that of peridotite-CO2 shows a shallower solidus-geotherm intersection for the latter. This implies that carbonated peridotite is a more likely proximal source of magmatic carbon in oceanic provinces. However, carbonated eclogite is a potential source of continental carbonatites, as its solidus crosses the continental shield geotherm at ca. 4 GPa. Transfer of eclogite-derived carbonate melt to peridotite may account for the geochemical characteristics of some oceanic island basalts (OIBs) and their association with high CaO and CO2. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0012-821x},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2004.08.004},
	author = {Dasgupta, R. and Hirschmann, M. M. and Withers, A. C.}
}
@article {2032,
	title = {Enhanced marine productivity off western North America during warm climate intervals of the past 52 kyr},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 603},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {521-524},
	author = {Ortiz, J. D. and O{\textquoteright}Connell, S. and DelViscio, J. and Dean, W. E. and Carriquiry, J. and Marchitto, T. M. and Zheng, Y. and van Geen, A.}
}
@article {2039,
	title = {Evaluation of ocean carbon cycle models with data-based metrics},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2004},
	note = {811adTimes Cited:110
Cited References Count:17
},
	month = {Apr 2},
	abstract = {New radiocarbon and chlorofluorocarbon-11 data from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment are used to assess a suite of 19 ocean carbon cycle models. We use the distributions and inventories of these tracers as quantitative metrics of model skill and find that only about a quarter of the suite is consistent with the new data-based metrics. This should serve as a warning bell to the larger community that not all is well with current generation of ocean carbon cycle models. At the same time, this highlights the danger in simply using the available models to represent the state-of-the-art modeling without considering the credibility of each model.},
	keywords = {anthropogenic co2, pacific-ocean, radiocarbon},
	isbn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2003GL018970},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000220743900001},
	author = {Matsumoto, K. and Sarmiento, J. L. and Key, R. M. and Aumont, O. and Bullister, J. L. and Caldeira, K. and Campin, J. M. and Doney, S. C. and Drange, H. and Dutay, J. C. and Follows, M. and Gao, Y. and Gnanadesikan, A. and Gruber, N. and Ishida, A. and Joos, F. and Lindsay, K. and Maier-Reimer, E. and Marshall, J. C. and Matear, R. J. and Monfray, P. and Mouchet, A. and Najjar, R. and Plattner, G. K. and Schlitzer, R. and Slater, R. and Swathi, P. S. and Totterdell, I. J. and Weirig, M. F. and Yamanaka, Y. and Yool, A. and Orr, J. C.}
}
@article {583,
	title = {Holocene relative sea-level history of the Southern Victoria Land Coast, Antarctica},
	journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2004},
	note = {845idTimes Cited:40Cited References Count:25},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {241-263},
	abstract = {More than 130 radiocarbon dates of penguin remains and guano, sealskin, shells, and seaweed from raised beach ridges afford relative sea-level information for southern Victoria Land. A new relative sea-level curve suggests that the final unloading of grounded ice from the coast took place about 6600 C-14 years BP, in keeping with previous estimates of the timing of deglaciation. Since this time, the coast has experienced 32 m of relative sea-level fall at rates ranging from 2 to 15 mm/year, consistent with glacioisostatic rebound. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0921-8181},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2003.09.004},
	author = {Hall, B. L. and Baroni, C. and Denton, G. H.}
}
@article {655,
	title = {Hydrologic variation during the last 170,000 years in the southern hemisphere tropics of South America},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2004},
	note = {776jhTimes Cited:98Cited References Count:43},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {95-104},
	abstract = {Despite the hypothesized importance of the tropics in the global climate system, few tropical paleoclimatic records extend to periods earlier than the last glacial maximum (LGM), about 20,000 years before present. We present a well-dated 170,000-year time series of hydrologic variation from the southern hemisphere tropics of South America that extends from modem times through most of the penultimate glacial period. Alternating mud and salt units in a core from Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia reflect alternations between wet and dry periods. The most striking feature of the sequence is that the duration of paleolakes increased in the late Quaternary. This change may reflect increased precipitation, geomorphic or tectonic processes that affected basin hydrology, or some combination of both. The dominance of salt between 170,000 and 140,000 yr ago indicates that much of the penultimate glacial period was dry, in contrast to wet conditions in the LGM. Our analyses also suggest that the relative influence of insolation forcing on regional moisture budgets may have been stronger during the past 50,000 years than in earlier times. (C) 2003 University of Washington. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2003.08.007},
	author = {Fritz, S. C. and Baker, P. A. and Lowenstein, T. K. and Seltzer, G. O. and Rigsby, C. A. and Dwyer, G. S. and Tapia, P. M. and Arnold, K. K. and Ku, T. L. and Luo, S. D.}
}
@article {2052,
	title = {Oceanic ventilation and biogeochemical cycling: Understanding the physical mechanisms that produce realistic distributions of tracers and productivity},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2004},
	note = {867xpTimes Cited:66
Cited References Count:42
},
	month = {Oct 20},
	abstract = {[1] Differing models of the ocean circulation support different rates of ventilation, which in turn produce different distributions of radiocarbon, oxygen, and export production. We examine these fields within a suite of general circulation models run to examine the sensitivity of the circulation to the parameterization of subgridscale mixing and surface forcing. We find that different models can explain relatively high fractions of the spatial variance in some fields such as radiocarbon, and that newer estimates of the rate of biological cycling are in better agreement with the models than previously published estimates. We consider how different models achieve such agreement and show that they can accomplish this in different ways. For example, models with high vertical diffusion move young surface waters into the Southern Ocean, while models with high winds move more young North Atlantic water into this region. The dependence on parameter values is not simple. Changes in the vertical diffusion coefficient, for example, can produce major changes in advective fluxes. In the coarse-resolution models studied here, lateral diffusion plays a major role in the tracer budget of the deep ocean, a somewhat worrisome fact as it is poorly constrained both observationally and theoretically.},
	keywords = {Biogeochemical cycles, bottom water formation, circulation models, diffusion, particle export, pycnocline, sensitivity, Temperature, vertical exchange, weddell sea, World Ocean},
	isbn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2003GB002097},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000224876500001},
	author = {Gnanadesikan, A. and Dunne, J. P. and Key, R. M. and Matsumoto, K. and Sarmiento, J. L. and Slater, R. D. and Swathi, P. S.}
}
@article {2010,
	title = {Plans for Expanded 14C Analyses at the NOSAMS Facility--a status and progress report. 9th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Nagoya, Japan, 9/2002},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research},
	volume = {B 223-224},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1810},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {50-54},
	author = {von Reden, K. and Donoghue, J. and Elder, K. and Gagnon, A. and Gerlach, D. and Griffin, V. S. and Healy, R. and Long, P. and McNichol, A. P. and Percy, D. and Roberts, M. L. and Schneider, R. J. and Xu, L. and Hayes, J.}
}
@article {2035,
	title = {Quartz content and the quartz-to-plagioclase ratio determined by X-ray diffraction: a proxy for ice rafting in the northern North Atlantic?},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {218},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 713},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {389-401},
	author = {Moros, M. and McManus, J. F. and Rasmussen, T. and Kuijpers, A. and Dokken, T. and Snowball, I. and Jansen, E. and Neilsen, T.}
}
@article {280,
	title = {Sensitivity of present and future surface temperatures to precipitation characteristics},
	journal = {Climate Research},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1696},
	pages = {53-65},
	abstract = {A model simulation study shows that different diurnal cycles of precipitation are consistent with radically different present and future climate characteristics. In projected future climate scenarios, divergence in the time of day and type of precipitation had very divergent impacts on the radiation balance and consequently on surface temperatures. The relationship between the diurnal cycle of precipitation versus the present and future climate was examined using the GISS-MM5 (Goddard Institute for Space Studies Mesoscale Model 5) regional climate modeling system with 2 alternative moist convection schemes. June-August (JJA) mean surface temperatures of the 1990s, 2050s, and 2080s were simulated over the eastern US on a double nested 108/36 km domain, with the 36 km domain centered over the eastern US. In the 1990s, one model version simulated maxima in (convective) precipitation during the early morning, while the second model simulated the hour of precipitation maxima with considerable spatial variability (in better agreement with observations). In the futuristic climate scenarios, differences in the time of day of precipitation had very important impacts on the radiation balance at the surface. One version gave more precipitation at night and fewer clouds during the day, promoting higher surface temperatures. The alternative version created more precipitation during the day, consistent with diminished absorption of solar radiation at the surface and consequently lower surface temperatures. The results demonstrate the importance of improving cumulus parameterizations in regional mesoscale and global climate models and suggest that such improvements would lead to greater confidence in model projections of climate change.},
	doi = {10.3354/cr028053},
	author = {Lynn, Barry H. and Druyan, Leonard and Hogrefe, Christian and Dudhia, Jimy and Rosenzweig, Cynthia and Goldberg, Richard and Rind, David and Healy, Richard and Rosenthal, Joyce and Kinney, Patrick}
}
@article {2047,
	title = {Temporal variability of Delta 14C, delta13C, and C/N in sinking particulate organic matter at a deep time series station in the northeast Pacific Ocean},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 531},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {1-9},
	author = {Hwang, Jeomshik and Druffel, Ellen R. M. and Griffin, Sheila and L, Smith Kenneth, Jr. and Baldwin, Roberta J. and Bauer, James E.}
}
@article {628,
	title = {Variable ageing and storage of dissolved organic components in the open ocean},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {430},
	year = {2004},
	note = {847daTimes Cited:93Cited References Count:30},
	month = {Aug 19},
	pages = {877-881},
	abstract = {Seawater dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the largest reservoir of exchangeable organic carbon in the ocean, comparable in quantity to atmospheric carbon dioxide(1,2). The composition, turnover times and fate of all but a few planktonic constituents of this material are, however, largely unknown(3,4). Models of ocean carbon cycling are thus limited by the need for information on temporal scales of carbon storage in DOM subcomponents, produced via the {\textquoteright}biological pump{\textquoteright}, relative to their recycling by bacteria(3,4). Here we show that carbohydrate- and protein-like substances in the open Atlantic and Pacific oceans, though often significantly aged, comprise younger fractions of the DOM, whereas dissolved lipophilic material exhibits up to similar to90 per cent fossil character. In contrast to the millennial mean ages of DOM observed throughout the water column, weighted mean turnover times of DOM in the surface ocean are only decadal in magnitude. An observed size-age continuum further demonstrates that small dissolved molecules are the most highly aged forms of organic matter, cycling much more slowly than larger, younger dissolved and particulate precursors, and directly links oceanic organic matter age and size with reactivity(3,5).},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature02780},
	author = {Loh, A. N. and Bauer, J. E. and Druffel, E. R. M.}
}
@article {2061,
	title = {1999 RV Melville Baja California cruise, on the preservation of laminated sediments along the western margin of North America},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1102},
	month = {2003},
	author = {van Geen, A. and Zheng, Y. and Bernhard, J. M. and Cannariato, K. G. and Carriquiry, J. and Dean, E. and Eakins, B. W. and Ortiz, J. D. and Pike, J.}
}
@article {641,
	title = {Age determination, validation and growth of Grand Bank yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea)},
	journal = {Ices Journal of Marine Science},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2003},
	note = {723jaTimes Cited:43Cited References Count:57},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {1123-1138},
	abstract = {Yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) (Storer, 1839) on the Grand Bank off Newfoundland were traditionally aged using surface-read whole otoliths. Age determination of otoliths from recaptures of fish tagged in the early 1990s indicated that the traditional ageing technique was underestimating the ages of yellowtail flounder when compared with the time at liberty. Age comparisons between whole and thin-sectioned otoliths showed agreement in age readings up to 7 years; thereafter whole otoliths tended to give much lower ages than those estimated by thin sections. Length-frequency analysis of pelagic and demersal juveniles, captive rearing of juveniles and marginal increment analysis all corroborated age determination based on thin sections. Tag-recaptures and bomb radiocarbon assays validated age interpretations based on thin sections in young and old yellowtail flounder, respectively. Ages were validated up to 25 years for females and 21 years for males. However, because of increased narrowing of annuli in thin-sectioned otoliths from old fish, even thin sections may underestimate the true age of the fish. von Bertalanfly growth curve parameters (combined sexes) were L-infinity = 55.6 cm total length, K = 0.16 and t(0) = -0.003. These results challenge the conventional view that yellowtail flounder on the Grand Banks are a relatively fast growing, short-lived species. Crown Copyright (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1054-3139},
	doi = {10.1016/S1054-3139(03)00125-5},
	author = {Dwyer, K. S. and Walsh, S. J. and Campana, S. E.}
}
@inbook {1439,
	title = {Analog for Holocene and future Climate?},
	booktitle = {Geophysical Monograph 137, Earth{\textquoteright}s Climate and Orbital Eccentricity: The Marine Isotope State 11 Questions},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1166},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {69-85},
	author = {McManus, J. F. and Oppo, D. W. and Cullen, J. L. and Healey, S. L.},
	editor = {Droxler, A.}
}
@article {2437,
	title = {Biomass burning and oceanic primary production estimates in the Sulu Sea area over the last 380 kyr and the East Asian monsoon dynamics},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {201},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Symposium on Asian Monsoons and Global Linkages on Milankovitch and Sub-Milankovitch Time ScalesMAY 09-11, 2001
BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA
70
},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {53-65},
	abstract = {Coccolithophorid assemblages and micro-charcoal content were analysed in giant piston core MD97-2141 recovered in the Sulu Sea (Philippines). These proxies help to reconstruct respectively the dynamics of the oceanic primary production (PP) and biomass burning in that area. PP in the Sulu Sea intensifies during the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and therefore PP constitutes a proxy for EAWM dynamics. Most of the precipitation in the Sulu Sea region occurs during the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). Because the intensity of biomass burning is related to dryness of the surrounding area, the sedimentary micro-charcoal content can be used as an inverse proxy for EASM intensity. Our results show that the EAWM intensifies during glacial times in agreement with previous studies. Precessional forcing appears to act directly on EAWN because of the early response of PP in that frequency band. The micro-charcoal record exhibits complex dynamics, which we attribute to the competing influence of the long-term El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-like forcing and the glacial/interglacial cycle on EASM. These influences create an unusual frequency spectrum with power around 30 kyr and 19 kyr attributed to the non-linear response to the 100-kyr cycle (glacial) and the 23-kyr (ENSO) cycle. A factor of two increase in the amplitude of the micro-charcoal variability between 51 and 10 ka BP could correspond to Homo sapiens biomass burning in the style of the fire-stick farming of the Australian Aborigines. We also find, on precession cycles, an opposite phase between EASM and EAWM records and an advance of -delta(18)O and delta(18)O respectively by 2000 yr. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {arabian sea, atlantic, climatic-change, EARLY HOLOCENE, EQUATORIAL, fire, GLACIAL MAXIMUM, indian-ocean, late pleistocene, Late Quaternary, monsoon, nannoplankton, Pleistocene, SOUTH CHINA, Sulu Sea, WEST-JAVA},
	isbn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00208-1},
	author = {Beaufort, L. and de Garidel-Thoron, T. and Linsley, B. and Oppo, D. and Buchet, N.}
}
@article {415,
	title = {Carbon isotopic compositions of prokaryotic lipids as tracers of carbon cycling in diverse settings},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {195},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1331; 666LX Times Cited:59 Cited References Count:144},
	pages = {29-58},
	abstract = {Recent work has highlighted the ubiquity of bacteria and archaea and continues to affirm their significance in diverse biogeochemical processes. The delta(13)C values and distributions of diagnostic lipids derived from such microorganisms can provide insights into prokaryotic processes in modem settings and are one of the few means by which past prokaryotic processes in depositional settings can be elucidated. Here we present a brief review of prokaryotic lipids commonly observed in sediments and the controls on their carbon isotopic compositions. We then present two case studies-one of Mediterranean cold seeps at which anaerobic oxidation of methane occurs and one of a Holocene peat deposit in which a variety of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms govern the degradation of organic matter. These two studies illustrate the potential utility of compound-specific carbon isotope analyses to deconvolute pathways of carbon flow in microbial communities. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0009-2541},
	doi = {10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00387-X},
	author = {Pancost, R. D. and Damste, J. S. S.}
}
@article {2079,
	title = {Decadal timescale shift in the 14C record of a central equatorial Pacific coral},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1130},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {91-99},
	author = {Grottoli, A. G. and Gille, S. T. and Druffel, E. R. M. and Dunbar, R. B.}
}
@article {2084,
	title = {East Asian monsoon forcing of suborbital variability in the Sulu Sea during Marine Isotope Stage 3: Link to Northern Hemisphere climate},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2003},
	note = {631mwTimes Cited:41
Cited References Count:53
},
	month = {Jan 2},
	abstract = {[1] We have generated a new high-resolution record of variations in planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes (delta(18)O) and Mg/Ca from a sediment core (IMAGES 97-2141) in the Sulu Sea located in the Philippine archipelago of western tropical Pacific. This record reveals distinct, suborbital-scale delta(18)O changes, most notably during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) (similar to30,000 to 60,000 years B.P.). The amplitudes of these delta(18)O fluctuations (0.4 to 0.7parts per thousand) exceed that which can be attributed to sea level changes and must be due to changes in sea surface conditions. In the same interval, variations in planktonic foraminifera Mg/Ca suggest that suborbital surface ocean temperature variations of 1 to 1.5degreesC in the Sulu Sea were not in phase with delta(18)O. Combined, this evidence indicates that the MIS3 millennial delta(18)O events in the Sulu Sea were primarily the result of changes in surface water salinity, which today is directly related to the East Asian Monsoon (EAM) and its influence on the balance between surface water contributions from the South China Sea and Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP). Within dating uncertainties the MIS3 Sulu Sea delta(18)O suborbital variability indicates that times of fresher surface conditions in the Sulu Sea coincide with similar conditions in the WPWP [Stott et al., 2002] and also with intensifications of the summer EAM as recorded in the U-Th dated Chinese (Hulu Cave) speleothem delta(18)O record [Wang et al., 2001] and thus by inference with interstadials in the Greenland Ice core records. Combined, these results indicate that pronounced suborbital variability in the summer EAM and Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during MIS3 was tightly coupled with climate conditions in the northern high latitudes.},
	keywords = {1620 global change : climate dynamics (3309), 4267 oceanography : general : paleoceanography, dissolution, equatorial pacific, eurasian snow cover, isotope stage 3, last glacial period, late pleistocene, Mg/Ca, millennial-scale climate change, oxygen isotopes, paleoceanography, planktonic-foraminifera, records, se asian monsoon, south china sea, summer monsoon, surface temperature-variations},
	isbn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2002GC000390},
	author = {Dannenmann, S. and Linsley, B. K. and Oppo, D. W. and Rosenthal, Y. and Beaufort, L.}
}
@article {2077,
	title = {Lipid-Like material as the source of the uncharacterized organic carbon in the ocean?},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {299},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 530},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {881-884},
	author = {Hwang, Jeomshik and Druffel, Ellen R. M.}
}
@article {1358,
	title = {Map and data for Quaternary faults and folds in Washington State},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 997},
	month = {2003},
	author = {Lidke, D. J. and Johnson, S. Y. and McCory, P. A. and Personius, S. F. and Nelson, A. R. and Dart, R. L. and Bradley, L. A. and Haller, K. M. and Machette, M. N.}
}
@article {2083,
	title = {Penetration of anthropogenic carbon into organic particles of the deep ocean},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2003},
	note = {709dpTimes Cited:12
Cited References Count:29
},
	month = {Jul 23},
	pages = {1744},
	abstract = {[1] In the late 1980s, bomb C-14 was present in suspended particulate organic carbon (POC) from the North Central Pacific (NCP) and Sargasso Sea ( SS) throughout most of the water column, demonstrating that deep POC had exchanged with atmospheric CO2 in the past 30 years. Upon reoccupation of these sites in 1999 and 2000, respectively, we observed that the delta(13)C values of suspended POC were lower than those measured a decade earlier. This demonstrates that anthropogenic CO2 from fossil fuel and biomass burning has penetrated a major organic matter pool in the deep ocean. Delta(14)C measured in the suspended POC showed similar or higher values in the deep Sargasso Sea and decreased values in the deep NCP compared to those measured previously. We use a box model to show that the differences in the radiocarbon results are likely due to the presence of resuspended sediment that is laterally advected from the continental margin to the deep Sargasso Sea.},
	keywords = {bomb radiocarbon, C-14, CO2, delta-c-13, MATTER, NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN, SARGASSO SEA, Sediment, variability, water},
	isbn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2003GL017423},
	author = {Druffel, E. R. M. and Bauer, J. E. and Griffin, S. and Hwang, J.}
}
@article {2060,
	title = {On the preservation of laminated sediments along the western margin of North America},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1128},
	month = {2003},
	author = {van Geen, A. and Zheng, Y. and Bernhard, J. M. and Cannariato, K. G. and Carriquiry, J. and Dean, W. E. and Eakins, B. W. and Ortiz, J. D. and Pike, J.}
}
@article {645,
	title = {Sea-level changes and depositional environments in the Izmit Gulf, eastern Marmara Sea, during the late glacial-Holocene period},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {202},
	year = {2003},
	note = {749gpTimes Cited:52Cited References Count:30},
	month = {Nov 30},
	pages = {159-173},
	abstract = {Offshore and onshore stratigraphic studies, together with high-resolution shallow seismic reflection profiling and multibeam bathymetric mapping, were carried out in the western and central part of the Izmit Gulf. These studies indicate that the Izmit Gulf was a lacustrine environment as part of the Marmara {\textquoteright}Lake{\textquoteright} during the late glaciation and early deglaciation until similar to12 kyr BP, when the Marmara Basin was inundated by the Mediterranean waters. Correlation of C-14-dated onshore and offshore stratigraphic units in the Western Izmit Gulf indicates that generally coarse late glacial sediments overlie a marked erosional surface formed during the low water level of the Marmara {\textquoteright}Lake{\textquoteright}. These coarse sediments are succeeded by 10.4-7 kyr BP old transgressive, and by late Holocene post-transgression mud units. The bathymetry and sub-bottom Chirp profiles clearly show that the paleoshoreline of the Gulf was located at -85 m, having been controlled by the bedrock sill depth of the Canakkale Strait. Another paleoshoreline observed at -65 m on the northern margin of the Western Izmit and Karamursel basins was probably formed during the Younger Dryas sea-level stillstand. The shelf areas during this time were colonized by bioherms, which were subsequently drowned and disappeared after a further rise of the sea level. The presence of a -65 in marine paleoshoreline in the Karamursel Basin indicates that the sill restricting this basin to the west was much deeper than its present -55 in level and was located further south. The Golcuk Basin, restricted by a -38 in sill to its west, was probably not flooded by marine waters until similar to9 kyr BP. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00259-7},
	author = {Cagatay, M. N. and Gorur, N. and Polonia, A. and Demirbag, E. and Sakinc, M. and Cormier, M. H. and Capotondi, L. and McHugh, C. and Emre, O. and Eris, K.}
}
@conference {1546,
	title = {The 14C AMS system at the University of Georgia},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1684},
	month = {2002},
	address = {Nagoya, Japan},
	author = {Roberts, M. L. and Culp, R. A. and Dvoracek, D. K. and Hodgins, G. W. L. and Neary, M. P. and Noakes, J. E.}
}
@article {2121,
	title = {Composition, age, provenance of organic matter in N. W. African dust over the Atlantic Ocean},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems G3},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 611},
	month = {2002},
	author = {Eglinton, T. I. and Eglinton, G. and Dupont, L. and Montlucon, D. and Sholkovitz, E. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {668,
	title = {A Critical Evaluation of Interlaboratory Data on Total, Elemental, and Isotopic Carbon in the Carbonaceous Particle Reference Material, NIST SRM 1649a},
	journal = {J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Currie, L ABenner, B A JrKessler, J DKlinedinst, D BKlouda, G AMarolf, J VSlater, J FWise, S ACachier, HCary, RChow, J CWatson, JDruffel, E R MMasiello, C AEglinton, T IPearson, AReddy, C MGustafsson, OQuinn, J GHartmann, P CHedges, J IPrentice, K MKirchstetter, T WNovakow, TPuxbaum, HSchmid, Heng2002/01/01 00:00J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol. 2002 Jun 1;107(3):279-98. doi: 10.6028/jres.107.022. Print 2002 May-Jun.},
	month = {May-Jun},
	pages = {279-98},
	abstract = {Because of increased interest in the marine and atmospheric sciences in elemental carbon (EC), or black carbon (BC) or soot carbon (SC), and because of the difficulties in analyzing or even defining this pervasive component of particulate carbon, it has become quite important to have appropriate reference materials for intercomparison and quality control. The NIST "urban dust" Standard Reference Material((R)) SRM 1649a is useful in this respect, in part because it comprises a considerable array of inorganic and organic species, and because it exhibits a large degree of ((14)C) isotopic heterogeneity, with biomass carbon source contributions ranging from about 2 \% (essentially fossil aliphatic fraction) to about 32 \% (polar fraction). A primary purpose of this report is to provide documentation for the new isotopic and chemical particulate carbon data for the most recent (31 Jan. 2001) SRM 1649a Certificate of Analysis. Supporting this is a critical review of underlying international intercomparison data and methodologies, provided by 18 teams of analytical experts from 11 institutions. Key results of the intercomparison are: (1) a new, Certified Value for total carbon (TC) in SRM 1649a; (2) (14)C Reference Values for total carbon and a number of organic species, including for the first time 8 individual PAHs; and (3) elemental carbon (EC) Information Values derived from 13 analytical methods applied to this component. Results for elemental carbon, which comprised a special focus of the intercomparison, were quite diverse, reflecting the confounding of methodological-matrix artifacts, and methods that tended to probe more or less refractory regions of this universal, but ill-defined product of incomplete combustion. Availability of both chemical and (14)C speciation data for SRM 1649a holds great promise for improved analytical insight through comparative analysis (e.g., fossil/biomass partition in EC compared to PAH), and through application of the principle of isotopic mass balance.},
	issn = {1044-677X (Linking)},
	doi = {10.6028/jres.107.022},
	author = {Currie, L. A. and Benner, B. A., Jr. and Kessler, J. D. and Klinedinst, D. B. and Klouda, G. A. and Marolf, J. V. and Slater, J. F. and Wise, S. A. and Cachier, H. and Cary, R. and Chow, J. C. and Watson, J. and Druffel, E. R. and Masiello, C. A. and Eglinton, T. I. and Pearson, A. and Reddy, C. M. and Gustafsson, O. and Quinn, J. G. and Hartmann, P. C. and Hedges, J. I. and Prentice, K. M. and Kirchstetter, T. W. and Novakow, T. and Puxbaum, H. and Schmid, H.}
}
@inbook {1414,
	title = {Data report: Australian Bight},
	booktitle = {Proc. ODP, Sci. Results},
	volume = {182},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 271},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {1-24 (on line)},
	author = {Hine, A. C. and Brooks, G. R. and Mallinson, D. and Brunner, C. A. and James, N. P. and Feary, D. A. and Holbourn, A. E. and Drexler, T. M. and Howd, P.},
	editor = {Hine, A. C.}
}
@article {301,
	title = {Holocene chronology of a continental shelf mudbelt off southwestern Africa},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 220},
	pages = {59-67},
	abstract = {The Holocene lithostratigraphy and geochronology of sediments on an inner continental-shelf mudbelt off the west coast of southern Africa is presented. Based on a study of seven large gravity cores, numerous grab samples and two vibracores, two distinctive sections of the mudbelt have been identi{\textquotedblright} ed. The northern section is associated with the Orange River prodelta, and is dominated by laminated clay-rich sediments, while the southern section off Namaqualand is associated with more homogeneous muds. AMS radiocarbon ages of 31 samples from these cores are problematic due to the absence of expected modern material at the sedimentocean interface and numerous age reversals and inconsistencies in some of the cores. Possible mechanisms to explain the apparently anomalously old surface and near-surface samples are suggested. Most likely expla nations appear to lie in a combination of sediment-retrieval problems, the periodic loss of {\textquotedblright} ne particulate organic carbon from within the water column, the sampling of possible relic sediments and, most likely of all, the incorporation into the sediments of 14C-depleted terrigenous organic matter. The age reversals are especially evident in the laminated sediments, and the entrainment of {\textquoteleft}old{\textquoteright} carbon from the terrestrial source of these sediments is offered as the most parsimonious explanation. Stable carbon isotope analyses and a single lumi nescence age support the contention that radiocarbon date inconsistencies are a consequence of terrestrial inputs of carbon which is non-contemporaneous with the actual time of sedimentation. In studies of offshore accumulations of terrigenous material, the marine-derived organic fraction may therefore prove a more reliable measure of radiocarbon chronology.},
	doi = {10.1191/0959683602hl521rp},
	author = {Meadows, M. E. and Rogers, J. and Lee-Throp, J. A. and Bateman, M. D. and Dingle, R. V.}
}
@article {701,
	title = {Kilimanjaro ice core records: evidence of holocene climate change in tropical Africa},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {298},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Thompson, Lonnie GMosley-Thompson, EllenDavis, Mary EHenderson, Keith ABrecher, Henry HZagorodnov, Victor SMashiotta, Tracy ALin, Ping-NanMikhalenko, Vladimir NHardy, Douglas RBeer, Jurgeng2002/10/19 04:00Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):589-93.},
	month = {Oct 18},
	pages = {589-93},
	abstract = {Six ice cores from Kilimanjaro provide an approximately 11.7-thousand-year record of Holocene climate and environmental variability for eastern equatorial Africa, including three periods of abrupt climate change: approximately 8.3, approximately 5.2, and approximately 4 thousand years ago (ka). The latter is coincident with the "First Dark Age," the period of the greatest historically recorded drought in tropical Africa. Variable deposition of F- and Na+ during the African Humid Period suggests rapidly fluctuating lake levels between approximately 11.7 and 4 ka. Over the 20th century, the areal extent of Kilimanjaro{\textquoteright}s ice fields has decreased approximately 80\%, and if current climatological conditions persist, the remaining ice fields are likely to disappear between 2015 and 2020.},
	issn = {0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1073198},
	author = {Thompson, L. G. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Davis, M. E. and Henderson, K. A. and Brecher, H. H. and Zagorodnov, V. S. and Mashiotta, T. A. and Lin, P. N. and Mikhalenko, V. N. and Hardy, D. R. and Beer, J.}
}
@article {2124,
	title = {Late-Quaternary lowstands of Lake Titicaca: evidence from high-resolution seismic data},
	journal = {Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology},
	volume = {179},
	year = {2002},
	note = {560qxTimes Cited:31
Cited References Count:33
},
	month = {Apr 15},
	pages = {97-111},
	abstract = {Approximately 600 km of high-resolution seismic reflection data were collected to investigate the late-Quaternary stratigraphic development of Lake Titicaca. The focus of this report is on two seismic sequence boundaries, which are interpreted as erosional surfaces formed at times of low lake level. The younger erosional surface occurs as much as 90 in below the present lake level and up to 8 in below the present sediment-water interface. This erosional surface is interpreted to be coeval with a well-documented early- to mid-Holocene lowstand, dated between similar to 8000 and 3600 cal yr BP. An earlier and previously unknown erosional surface occurs at a sub-bottom depth of approximately 30 m, and as much as 240 in below the present lake level, which implies a major late-Pleistocene lowstand of Lake Titicaca. By extrapolation of sedimentation rates from the upper similar to 14 in of sediment, we estimate the age of this older lowstand at > 90 000 cal yr BP. Both lowstands of Lake Titicaca indicated by the seismic data are likely to have been a response to climatic change in the region. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Andes, bolivian altiplano, central andes, climatic-change, Holocene, lacustrine, lake level change, lake titicaca, level, malawi, Peru, record, seismic reflection data, tropical paleoclimate, tropical south-america},
	isbn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00411-4},
	author = {D{\textquoteright}Agostino, K. and Seltzer, G. and Baker, P. and Fritz, S. and Dunbar, R.}
}
@article {2090,
	title = {The Ocean Margins Program: an interdisciplinary study of carbon sources, transformations, and sinks in a temperate continental margin system},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2002},
	note = {607kxTimes Cited:26
Cited References Count:96
},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {4273-4295},
	abstract = {The cycling of carbon on the US east coast shelf and upper slope has been studied for 20 years in a variety of interdisciplinary programs focused on the, Mid and South Atlantic Bights. The culmination of this research was a comprehensive field study conducted in 1996 to ascertain whether the Cape Hatteras shelf was a net source or sink for atmospheric CO(2), and the associated transformations and pathways of inorganic and organic carbon. The rationale, objectives, design, and overview of the Ocean Margins Program are given here as a framework to interpret the results of the papers presented in this special issue. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {cape-hatteras, chesapeake bay, co2 fluxes, coastal zone, dissolved organic-carbon, gulf-stream, middle atlantic bight, north-carolina, slope sediments, united-states},
	isbn = {0967-0645},
	author = {Verity, P. G. and Bauer, J. E. and Flagg, C. N. and DeMaster, D. J. and Repeta, D. J.}
}
@article {2092,
	title = {Organic carbon deposition on the North Carolina continental slope off Cape Hatteras (USA)},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2002},
	note = {607kxTimes Cited:31
Cited References Count:77
},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {4687-4709},
	abstract = {The continental slope off Cape Hatteras, NC is a region of high sediment accumulation and organic matter deposition. Sediment accumulation rates range from 3 to 151 cm kyr(-1). Organic carbon deposition rates are 5-13 moles C m(-2) yr(-1), the highest reported for the slope off the eastern US. Burial efficiencies are 3-40\%. The organic matter deposited is marine in origin and a mix of old and young particles. High organic carbon deposition rates support remineralization throughout the upper 2-3 m of sediment. Deep bioirrigation to depths of 60-100 cm within the seabed affects the biogeochemistry of the sediments by extending the zone of sulfate reduction and by steepening DIC porewater gradients through the non-local exchange of porewater. Stable and radiocarbon isotope mixing curves for porewater dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) indicate that the dominant source of DIC accumulating in the upper 2-3 m of the seabed is of nearly uniform delta(13)C (-21.10parts per thousand) and Delta(14)C (-546parts per thousand.). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {anaerobic methane oxidation, early diagenesis, margin, marine-sediments, MATTER, middle-atlantic-bight, sea-floor, shelf, south, waters},
	isbn = {0967-0645},
	author = {Thomas, C. J. and Blair, N. E. and Alperin, M. J. and DeMaster, D. J. and Jahnke, R. A. and Martens, C. S. and Mayer, L.}
}
@inbook {2420,
	title = {Ostracoda and paleoceanography},
	booktitle = {American Geophysical Union Monograph - The Ostracoda: Applications in Quaternay Research},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1473},
	month = {2002},
	author = {Cronin, T. M. and Boomer, I. and Dwyer, G. S. and Rodriguez-Lazaro, J.},
	editor = {Holmes, J. A.}
}
@conference {1744,
	title = {Plans for expanded 14C analyses at the NOSAMS facility - a status and progress report},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1685},
	month = {2002},
	address = {Nagoya, Japan},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and Donoghue, J. and Elder, K. and Gagnon, A. and Gerlach, D. and Griffin, V. and Healy, R. and Long, P. and McNichol, A. and Percy, D. and Roberts, M. L. and Schneider, R. J. and Xu, L. and Hayes, J. M.}
}
@article {2123,
	title = {Radiocarbon dates bason on organic matter in diatom frustules, Abstract},
	journal = {EOS. Trans. AGU},
	volume = {83},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1720},
	month = {2002},
	abstract = {OS42E-156},
	author = {Donoghue, Joanne C. and Hayes, John M. and Manganini, Steven J. and Francois, Roger}
}
@conference {1768,
	title = {Radiocarbon in a Fanning Island coral: Inter-decadal variability in waters upwelling in the central equatorial Pacific from 1922-1955},
	booktitle = {ALSO/AGU Ocean Sciences Meeting},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 658},
	month = {2002},
	address = {Honolulu, HI},
	author = {Grottoli, A. G. and Gille, S. T. and Druffel, E. R. M. and Dunbar, R. B.}
}
@conference {1772,
	title = {Radiochemical measurements from FOODBANCS: Examining carbon cycling and benth-pelagic coupling on the Antarctic continental shelf},
	booktitle = {AGU/ASLO Ocean Sciences Meeting},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1143},
	month = {2002},
	address = {Honolulu, HI},
	author = {DeMaster, D. J. and Thomas, J. and al, et}
}
@article {704,
	title = {Rates of evolution in ancient DNA from Adelie penguins},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {295},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Lambert, D MRitchie, P AMillar, C DHolland, BDrummond, A JBaroni, CengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.2002/03/23 10:00Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2270-3.},
	month = {Mar 22},
	pages = {2270-3},
	abstract = {Well-preserved subfossil bones of Adelie penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae, underlie existing and abandoned nesting colonies in Antarctica. These bones, dating back to more than 7000 years before the present, harbor some of the best-preserved ancient DNA yet discovered. From 96 radiocarbon-aged bones, we report large numbers of mitochondrial haplotypes, some of which appear to be extinct, given the 380 living birds sampled. We demonstrate DNA sequence evolution through time and estimate the rate of evolution of the hypervariable region I using a Markov chain Monte Carlo integration and a least-squares regression analysis. Our calculated rates of evolution are approximately two to seven times higher than previous indirect phylogenetic estimates.},
	issn = {0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1068105},
	author = {Lambert, D. M. and Ritchie, P. A. and Millar, C. D. and Holland, B. and Drummond, A. J. and Baroni, C.}
}
@article {735,
	title = {Shelf record of climatic changes in flood magnitude and frequency, north-coastal California},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2002},
	note = {551ucTimes Cited:46Cited References Count:34},
	month = {May},
	pages = {395-398},
	abstract = {Continental-shelf deposits off the Eel River, north-coastal California, document a recent increase in the magnitude and frequency of major hydrologic floods (greater than or equal to10 yr recurrence interval). The shelf record reveals a sudden, three-fold increase in sedimentation rate ca. 1954 and a concomitant increase in the frequency of preserved flood beds. Comparison of sedimentary and river-discharge records reveals that major floods after ca. 1950 had a more pronounced effect on coastal sediment delivery and accumulation offshore than previous recorded events of similar magnitude, and that stratigraphic preservation of flood events is highly dependent on flood frequency and net sedimentation rate. We contend that this change in marine sedimentation is a response to documented climatic phenomena that have increased the frequency of major floods throughout the western United States during the past half century, together with intrabasinal impacts of extreme floods in 1955 and 1964. Anthropogenic increase in watershed-sediment production is a probable secondary factor.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0395:Srocci>2.0.Co;2},
	author = {Sommerfield, C. K. and Drake, D. E. and Wheatcroft, R. A.}
}
@article {2122,
	title = {Stable chlorine and carbon isotopic compositions of selected semi-volatile organochlorine compounds},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2002},
	note = {545bnTimes Cited:41
Cited References Count:25
},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {437-444},
	abstract = {To assess whether the isotopic composition of semi-volatile organochlorine compounds (SVOCs) may be a useful tool, we measured the bulk delta(37)Cl and delta(13)C values of several pesticides and Aroclor mixtures from different suppliers. Overall, the delta(37)Cl and delta(13)C values ranged from -5.10 to + 1.22\% and -31.63 to -22.39\%, respectively. These values are narrower than the ranges observed previously for volatile organic contaminants (VOCs). In particular, the isotopic compositions of the Aroclor mixtures were very tightly constrained for both chlorine and carbon, We also observed that SVOCs synthesized from hexachlorocyclopentadiene had the most enriched delta(37)Cl values. These data provide a baseline for future work employing isotope ratios to study the environmental fate of SVOCs. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {aroclors, fractionation, hydrocarbons, intrinsic bioremediation, samples, solvents, trichloroethene},
	isbn = {0146-6380},
	author = {Drenzek, N. J. and Tarr, C. H. and Eglinton, T. I. and Heraty, L. J. and Sturchio, N. C. and Shiner, V. J. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {1010,
	title = {Temporal and regional variability in sources and cycling of DOC and POC in the northwest Atlantic continental shelf and slope},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research II},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 685},
	pages = {4419},
	chapter = {4387},
	doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00123-6},
	author = {Bauer, J. E. and Druffel, E. R. M. and Wolgast, D. M. and Griffin, S.}
}
@article {2149,
	title = {A 160,000-year record of tropical climate variability from Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {80},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1474},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {757},
	author = {Fritz, S. C. and Baker, P. A. and Dwyer, G. S.}
}
@article {2155,
	title = {A 700 year sedimentary record of intense hurricane landfalls in southern New England},
	journal = {GSA Bulletin},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1343},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {714-727},
	author = {Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Bryant, Sarah Smith and Butler, Jessica and Dowling, Jennifer and Fan, Linda and Hausmann, Neil and Newby, Paige and Shuman, Bryan and Stern, Jennifer and Westover, Karlyn and Webb, Thompson, III}
}
@article {770,
	title = {Carbon isotope geochemistry of the Santa Clara River},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2001},
	note = {441mbTimes Cited:116Cited References Count:34},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {407-416},
	abstract = {The Santa Clara River is a prototypical small mountainous river, with a headwater height greater than 1000 m and a basin area smaller than 10,000 m(2). Although individual small mountainous rivers export trivial amounts of sediment and carbon to the ocean, as a group these rivers may export a major fraction las much as 50\%) of the total global river sediment flux [Milliman and Syvitski, 1992], making their geochemistry relevant the study of the ocean{\textquoteright}s carbon cycle. In addition, many small rivers export sediment in a few high flux events, causing massive, sporadic discharge of carbon onto coastal shelves, discharge conditions very different from those of large rivers. This class of rivers is an end-member of the river-ocean carbon exchange system, opposite the Earth{\textquoteright}s largest river, the Amazon. The carbon mass and isotopic properties of the Santa Clara River are significantly different from previously studied large rivers. During the 1997-1998 winter, all Santa Clara carbon pools were old, with flux-weighted average Delta (14)C values of -428 +/- 76 parts per thousand for particulate organic carbon, -73 +/- 31 parts per thousand for dissolved organic carbon, and -644 +/- 58 parts per thousand for black carbon. The age of exported carbon is primarily due to the deep erosion of old soils and not to inclusion of fossil fuel carbon. Additionally, the delta (13)C signatures of exported carbon pools were high relative to terrestrial carbon, bearing a signature quite similar to marine carbon (average particulate organic carbon (POC) delta (13)C = -22.2 +/- 0.8 parts per thousand). The Santa Clara{\textquoteright}s estuary is small and drains onto the narrow eastern Pacific coastal margin, exporting this old soil organic matter directly into the ocean. If the Santa Clara export patterns are representative of this class of rivers, they may be a significant source of refractory terrestrial carbon to the ocean.},
	issn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2000gb001290},
	author = {Masiello, C. A. and Druffel, E. R. M.}
}
@article {2154,
	title = {Carbon Isotope Ratios of Organic Compound Fractions Separated From Sinking Particulate Organic Matter at a Deep Sea Station in the Northeast Pacific},
	journal = {EOS},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 256},
	month = {2001},
	author = {Druffel, E. R. and Grottoli, A. G. and Gille, S. T. and Dunbar, R. B.}
}
@article {2137,
	title = {Carbonate 14C Background: Does it have Multiple Personalities?},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1501},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {169-176},
	author = {Nadeau, Marie-Josee and Grootes, Pieter M. and Voelker, Antje and Bruhn, Frank and Duhr, Alexander and Oriwall, Angelika}
}
@article {2156,
	title = {Chronology of the Palmer Deep Site, Antarctic Peninsula: A Holocene Paleoenvironmental reference for the circum-Antarctic},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 119},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {1-9},
	author = {Domack, E. W. and Leventer, A. and Dunbar, R. and Taylory, R. and Brachfeld, S. and Sjunneskog, C.}
}
@article {300,
	title = {Chronology of the Palmer Deep Site, Antarctic Peninsula: A Holocene Paleoenvironmental reference for the circum-Antarctic},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1319},
	pages = {9-9},
	abstract = {Palmer Deep sediment cores are used to produce the first high-resolution, continuous late Pleistocene to Holocene time-series from the Antarctic marine system. The sedimentary record is dated using accelerator mass spectrometer radiocarbon methods on acid insoluble organic matter and foraminiferal calcite. Fifty-four radiocarbon analyses are utilized in the dating which provides a calibrated timescale back to 13 ka BP. Reliability of resultant ages on organic matter is assured because duplicates produce a standard deviation from the surface age of less than laboratory error (i.e., {\textpm}50 years). In addition, surface organic matter ages at the site are in excellent agreement with living calcite ages at the accepted reservoir age of 1260 years for the Antarctic Peninsula. Spectral analyses of the magnetic susceptibility record against the age model reveal unusually strong periodicity in the 400,{\textendash}200 and 50-70 year frequency bands, similar to other high-resolution records from the Holocene but, so far, unique for the circum-Antarctic. Here we show that comparison to icecore records of specific climatic events (e.g., the {\textquoteright}Little Ice Age{\textquoteleft}, Neoglacial, Hypsithermal, and the B{\o}lling/Aller{\o}d to Younger Dryas transition) provides improved focus upon the relative timing of atmosphere/ocean changes between the northern anid southern high latitudes.},
	doi = {10.1191/095968301673881493},
	author = {Domack, E. W. and Leventer, A. and Dunbar, R. and Taylor, R. and Brachfeld, S. and Sjunneskog, C.}
}
@article {878,
	title = {Climatic significance of large lakes on the Altiplano of South America},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 333},
	pages = {751},
	author = {Baker, P. A. and Seltzer, G. O. and Fritz, S. C. and Rigsby, C. A. and Dwyer, G. S.}
}
@article {692,
	title = {Comparative analysis of methane-oxidizing archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria in anoxic marine sediments},
	journal = {Appl Environ Microbiol},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Orphan, V JHinrichs, K UUssler, W 3rdPaull, C KTaylor, L TSylva, S PHayes, J MDelong, E FengComparative StudyResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.2001/04/03 10:00Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Apr;67(4):1922-34.},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {1922-34},
	abstract = {The oxidation of methane in anoxic marine sediments is thought to be mediated by a consortium of methane-consuming archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria. In this study, we compared results of rRNA gene (rDNA) surveys and lipid analyses of archaea and bacteria associated with methane seep sediments from several different sites on the Californian continental margin. Two distinct archaeal lineages (ANME-1 and ANME-2), peripherally related to the order Methanosarcinales, were consistently associated with methane seep marine sediments. The same sediments contained abundant (13)C-depleted archaeal lipids, indicating that one or both of these archaeal groups are members of anaerobic methane-oxidizing consortia. (13)C-depleted lipids and the signature 16S rDNAs for these archaeal groups were absent in nearby control sediments. Concurrent surveys of bacterial rDNAs revealed a predominance of delta-proteobacteria, in particular, close relatives of Desulfosarcina variabilis. Biomarker analyses of the same sediments showed bacterial fatty acids with strong (13)C depletion that are likely products of these sulfate-reducing bacteria. Consistent with these observations, whole-cell fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed aggregations of ANME-2 archaea and sulfate-reducing Desulfosarcina and Desulfococcus species. Additionally, the presence of abundant (13)C-depleted ether lipids, presumed to be of bacterial origin but unrelated to ether lipids of members of the order Desulfosarcinales, suggests the participation of additional bacterial groups in the methane-oxidizing process. Although the Desulfosarcinales and ANME-2 consortia appear to participate in the anaerobic oxidation of methane in marine sediments, our data suggest that other bacteria and archaea are also involved in methane oxidation in these environments.},
	issn = {0099-2240 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.67.4.1922-1934.2001},
	author = {Orphan, V. J. and Hinrichs, K. U. and Ussler, W. and Paull, C. K. and Taylor, L. T. and Sylva, S. P. and Hayes, J. M. and DeLong, E. F.}
}
@inbook {1398,
	title = {The deglaciation of eastern Maine: in Deglacial history and relative sea-level changes, northern New England and adjacent Canada},
	booktitle = {Deglacial history and relative sea-level changes, northern New England and adjacent Canada},
	series = {Special papers (Geological Society of America)},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1310},
	month = {2001},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America},
	organization = {Geological Society of America},
	isbn = {0813723515},
	author = {Dorion, C. C. and Kaplan, M. R. and Kreutz, K. J. and Balco, G. and Wright, J. and Borns, H. W., Jr.},
	editor = {Weddle, T. K.}
}
@conference {1606,
	title = {Deposition of Bomb C-14 in Continental Slope Sediments: Use of Radiocarbon in Understanding Benthic Food Web Dynamics},
	booktitle = {Aquatic Sciences Meeting, ASLO},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1368},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {45},
	address = {Albuquerque, NM},
	author = {DeMaster, D. J. and Blair, N. E. and Smith, C. R. and Fornes, W. L. and Thomas, C. J. and Plaia, G.}
}
@article {821,
	title = {Drainage of late Wisconsin glacial lakes and the morphology and late quaternary stratigraphy of the New Jersey-southern New England continental shelf and slope},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {172},
	year = {2001},
	note = {400trTimes Cited:50Cited References Count:115},
	month = {Jan 15},
	pages = {117-145},
	abstract = {We propose that late Wisconsin deposition and erosion (Hudson Shelf and Block Island valleys) on the shelf and slope from New Jersey to southern New England were a consequence of the catastrophic drainage of glacial lakes behind terminal moraine systems and the huge volume of water stored beneath the Laurentian ice sheet and subsequent erosion of the lake sediments by flash floods. The morphology imparted by glaciation regulated the discharge associated with the ablation of the glaciers. Associated with the deposits west of Hudson Shelf Valley are the remains of mammoth and mastodon which were transported from their living habitats along the lake shores to their present burial sites on the shelf. The floods also triggered gravity flows on the upper continental slope which made possible the transportation of coarse debris over hundreds of km into the deep-sea. That these catastrophic hood morphologies can still be recognized on the middle to outer shelf suggest that much of its surface was little modified during the late Pleistocene/Holocene transgression. Thus the late Pleistocene/Holocene transgression may have been characterized by short periods when sea level rose rapidly allowing for the preservation of relict features. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00106-7},
	author = {Uchupi, E. and Driscoll, N. and Ballard, R. D. and Bolmer, S. T.}
}
@article {2148,
	title = {High frequency dynamics of the East Asian Monsoon during the last 200,000 years},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 272},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {491-502},
	author = {Garidel-Thoron, T. de and Beaaufort, L. and Linsley, B. K. and Dannenmann, S.}
}
@article {340,
	title = {The history of South American tropical precipitation for the past 25,000 years},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {291},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 369; Baker, P A Seltzer, G O Fritz, S C Dunbar, R B Grove, M J Tapia, P M Cross, S L Rowe, H D Broda, J P New York, N.Y. Science. 2001 Jan 26;291(5504):640-3.},
	pages = {640-3},
	abstract = {Long sediment cores recovered from the deep portions of Lake Titicaca are used to reconstruct the precipitation history of tropical South America for the past 25,000 years. Lake Titicaca was a deep, fresh, and continuously overflowing lake during the last glacial stage, from before 25,000 to 15,000 calibrated years before the present (cal yr B.P.), signifying that during the last glacial maximum (LGM), the Altiplano of Bolivia and Peru and much of the Amazon basin were wetter than today. The LGM in this part of the Andes is dated at 21,000 cal yr B.P., approximately coincident with the global LGM. Maximum aridity and lowest lake level occurred in the early and middle Holocene (8000 to 5500 cal yr B.P.) during a time of low summer insolation. Today, rising levels of Lake Titicaca and wet conditions in Amazonia are correlated with anomalously cold sea-surface temperatures in the northern equatorial Atlantic. Likewise, during the deglacial and Holocene periods, there were several millennial-scale wet phases on the Altiplano and in Amazonia that coincided with anomalously cold periods in the equatorial and high-latitude North Atlantic, such as the Younger Dryas.},
	issn = {0036-8075 (Print) 0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.291.5504.640},
	author = {Baker, P. A. and Seltzer, G. O. and Fritz, S. C. and Dunbar, R. B. and Grove, M. J. and Tapia, P. M. and Cross, S. L. and Rowe, H. D. and Broda, J. P.}
}
@article {829,
	title = {Implications of the carbon isotope and mineral inclusion record for the formation of diamonds in the mantle underlying a mobile belt: Venetia, South Africa},
	journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2001},
	note = {412wtTimes Cited:31Cited References Count:90},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {813-838},
	abstract = {A total of 199 diamonds from the Venetia kimberlite, South Africa, whose mineral inclusion chemistry had already been measured, were analyzed for their carbon isotopic composition. Silicate inclusions in these diamonds either belong to a peridotitic (P-Type), an eclogitic (E-Type) or transitional, websteritic (W-Type), paragenesis.The carbon isotopic composition of 161 P-Type diamonds ranges from delta C-13 = -2.23 to - 18 parts per thousand vs. PDB. The large number of samples available and the wide range in delta C-13 permitted, for the first time, a detailed analysis of the relationships between P-Type inclusion chemistry and the carbon isotopic composition of the diamond host. The delta C-13 Sampling frequency distribution is multi-modal. Examination of the inclusion chemistry (chromite, olivine, garnet) as a function of the carbon isotope composition mode to which the host belongs, as well as multivariate regression analyses, revealed no correlation between inclusion chemistry and C-13 content. The inclusion compositions in diamonds of low C-13 content are not distinctive. For a given carbon isotopic composition the combination of Ni/Fe and Mg/(Mg + Fe) of olivine inclusions varies systematically along fractionation trends. The composition of the olivine inclusions and the C-13 content of their hosts can be interpreted as reflecting similar petrogenetic processes occurring in several mantle environments into which carbon of variable isotopic composition was introduced. The iron/magnesium distribution between coexisting garnets and olivines permits an estimate of their pressure/temperature equilibration conditions. Diamonds whose inclusions were equilibrated at lower temperatures and pressures tend to have, on average, lower C-13 contents. The compositions of coexisting olivines and chromites suggest oxygen fugacities between 2.9 and 5.8 log units below the quartz-fayalite-magnetite buffer at 50 kbar, and temperatures between 1280 and 1490 degreesC prevailed during diamond formation. Inclusions from diamonds of lower C-13 content do not indicate systematically lower fO(2) values during their formation. The fO(2)/T conditions determined suggest minimal (0.0 to -0.5 parts per thousand) isotope fractionation between a C-H-O vapor phase (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, water, hydrogen) and diamond. The large C-13 depletion of some Venetia P-Type diamonds appears to be unrelated to the composition of their inclusions, igneous fractionation trends, oxygen fugacity, and vapor isotope fractionation processes. This conclusion is consistent with evidence deduced from more limited data sets from other kimberlites.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00569-X},
	author = {Deines, P. and Viljoen, F. and Harris, J. W.}
}
@article {870,
	title = {Late quaternary climate and hydrology of tropical South America inferred from an isotopic and chemical model of Lake Titicaca, Bolivia and Peru},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2001},
	note = {452lzTimes Cited:50Cited References Count:46},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {1-9},
	abstract = {A simple mass balance model provides insight into the hydrologic, isotopic, and chemical responses of Lake Titicaca to past climatic changes. Latest Pleistocene climate of the Altiplano is assumed to have been 20\% wetter and 5 degreesC colder than today, based on previous modeling. Our simulation of lacustrine change since 15,000 cal yr B.P. is forced by these modeled climate changes. The latest Pleistocene Lake Titicaca was deep, fresh, and overflowing. The latest Pleistocene riverine discharge from the lake was about 8 times greater than the modern average, sufficient to allow the expansion of the great paleolake Tauca on the central Altiplano. The lake delta O-18 value averaged about -13 parts per thousand SMOW (the modern value is about -4.2 parts per thousand). The early Holocene decrease in precipitation caused Lake Titicaca to fall below its outlet and contributed to a rapid desiccation of paleolake Tauca. Continued evaporation caused the 100-m drop in lake level, but only a slight(1-2 parts per thousand) increase (relative to modern) in delta O-18 Of early Holocene lake waters. This Holocene lowstand level of nearly 100 m was most likely produced by a precipitation decrease, relative to modern, of about 40\%, The lake was saline as recently as 2000 cal yr B.P. The timing of these hydrologic changes is in general agreement with calculated changes of insolation forcing of the South American summer monsoon, (C) 2001 University of Washington.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1006/qres.2001.2244},
	author = {Cross, S. L. and Baker, P. A. and Seltzer, G. O. and Fritz, S. C. and Dunbar, R. B.}
}
@article {2157,
	title = {Millennial-scale dynamics of the East Asian winter monsoon during the last 200,000 years},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 251},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {1-12},
	author = {de Garidel-Thoron, Thibault and Beaufort, Luc}
}
@article {2158,
	title = {New records show pronounced changes in Arctic Ocean circulation and climate (cover article)},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 332},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {601, 607},
	author = {Darby, D. and Bischof, J. and Cutter, G. and de Vernal, A. and Hillaire-Marcel, C. and Dwyer, G. and McManus, J. and Polyak, L. and Osterman, L. and Poore, R.}
}
@article {2146,
	title = {Radiocarbon in a Fanning Island Coral: Inter-decadal Variability in Waters Upwelling in the Central Equatorial Pacific from 1922 - 1955},
	journal = {EOS},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1399},
	month = {2001},
	author = {Grottoli, A. G. and Gille, S. T. and Druffel, E. R. M. and Dunbar, R. B.}
}
@article {712,
	title = {Rapid shoreward encroachment of salt marsh cordgrass in response to accelerated sea-level rise},
	journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
	volume = {98},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Donnelly, J PBertness, M DengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t2001/11/29 10:00Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Dec 4;98(25):14218-23. Epub 2001 Nov 27.},
	month = {Dec 04},
	pages = {14218-23},
	abstract = {The distribution of New England salt marsh communities is intrinsically linked to the magnitude, frequency, and duration of tidal inundation. Cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) exclusively inhabits the frequently flooded lower elevations, whereas a mosaic of marsh hay (Spartina patens), spike grass (Distichlis spicata), and black rush (Juncus gerardi) typically dominate higher elevations. Monitoring plant zonal boundaries in two New England salt marshes revealed that low-marsh cordgrass rapidly moved landward at the expense of higher-marsh species between 1995 and 1998. Plant macrofossils from sediment cores across modern plant community boundaries provided a 2,500-year record of marsh community composition and documented the migration of cordgrass into the high marsh. Isotopic dating revealed that the initiation of cordgrass migration occurred in the late 19th century and continued through the 20th century. The timing of the initiation of cordgrass migration is coincident with an acceleration in the rate of sea-level rise recorded by the New York tide gauge. These results suggest that increased flooding associated with accelerating rates of sea-level rise has stressed high-marsh communities and promoted landward migration of cordgrass. If current rates of sea-level rise continue or increase slightly over the next century, New England salt marshes will be dominated by cordgrass. If climate warming causes sea-level rise rates to increase significantly over the next century, these cordgrass-dominated marshes will likely drown, resulting in extensive losses of coastal wetlands.},
	issn = {0027-8424 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.251209298},
	author = {Donnelly, J. P. and Bertness, M. D.}
}
@article {736,
	title = {Sedimentary evidence of intense hurricane strikes from New Jersey},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2001},
	note = {449elTimes Cited:102Cited References Count:14},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {615-618},
	abstract = {Nine Vibracores from the backbarrier marsh at Whale Beach, New Jersey, reveal three large-scale overwash deposits associated with historic and prehistoric storms. The uppermost and smallest overwash fan was deposited in the Ash Wednesday northeaster of March 5-8, 1962, A second more substantial overwash fan between 100 and 35 cm depth dates to the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century. This fan was most likely deposited during the 1821 hurricane, the only intense hurricane to make landfall in New jersey in the past 350 yr, A third, larger overwash fan between 200 and 300 cm depth was deposited between A.D. 1278 and 1438 and is likely the result of a prehistoric intense hurricane strike. The combination of historical and stratigraphic evidence indicates that two intense hurricanes (winds > 50 m s(-1)) have likely made landfall on the southern New Jersey coast in the past 700 yr, resulting in an annual landfall probability of 0.3\%.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0615:Seoihs>2.0.Co;2},
	author = {Donnelly, J. P. and Roll, S. and Wengren, M. and Butler, J. and Lederer, R. and Webb, T.}
}
@article {1488,
	title = {Stratigraphy, paleoceanography, chronology, and paleoenvironment during deglaciation of eastern Maine, Report},
	volume = {242},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1333},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {215},
	institution = {Geological Society of America},
	address = {Boulder, CO},
	author = {Dorion, C. C. and Balco, G. and Kaplan, M. R. and Kreutz, K. J. and Wright, J. and Borns, H. W.}
}
@conference {1822,
	title = {Validation of compound-specific 14C dating using the varved sedimentary record of Saanich Inlet, Canada},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th international meeting on organic geochemistry},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 270},
	month = {2001},
	address = {Nancy, France},
	author = {Smittenberg, R. H. and Hopmans, E. C. and Eglinton, T. I. and Hayes, J. M. and Whiticar, M. J. and Schouten, S. and Sinninghe Damst{\'e}, J. S.}
}
@article {1486,
	title = {Gulf of Mexico Intraslope Basins (BIB) Phase 1 Project Atlas},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 354},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {110},
	institution = {Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Texas at Arlington},
	author = {Damuth, J. E. and Olson, H. C. and Moss, G.}
}
@article {748,
	title = {Holocene climate in the western Great Lakes national parks and lakeshores: Implications for future climate change},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2000},
	note = {338uvTimes Cited:47Cited References Count:46},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {968-983},
	abstract = {We reconstruct Holocene climate history (last 10,000 years) for each of the U.S. National Park Service units in the western Great Lakes region in order to evaluate their sensitivity to global warming. Annual precipitation, annual temperature, and July and January temperatures were reconstructed by comparing fossil pollen in lake sediment with pollen in surface samples, assuming that ancient climates were similar to modern climate near analogous surface samples. In the early Holocene, most of the parks experienced colder winters, warmer summers, and lower precipitation than today. An exception is Voyageurs National Park in northern Minnesota where, by 8000 years ago, January temperatures were higher than today. The combination of high mean annual temperature and lower precipitation at Voyageurs resulted in a dry period between 8000 and 5000 years ago, similar to the Prairie Period in regions to the south and west. A mid-Holocene warm-dry period also occurred at other northern and central parks but was much less strongly developed. In southern parks there was no clear evidence of a mid-Holocene warm-dry period. These differences suggest that global model predictions of a warm, dry climate in the northern Great Plains under doubled atmospheric CO2 may be more applicable to Voyageurs than to the other parks. The contrast in reconstructed temperatures at Voyageurs and Isle Royale indicates that the ameliorating effect of the Great Lakes on temperatures has been in effect throughout the Holocene and presumably will continue in the future, thus reducing the potential for species loss caused by future temperature extremes. Increased numbers of mesic trees at all of the parks in the late Holocene reflect increasing annual precipitation. This trend toward more mesic conditions began 6000 years ago in the south and 4000 years ago in the north and increased sharply in recent millennia at parks located today in lake-effect snow belts. This suggests that lake-effect snowfall is sensitive to continental-scale changes in climate and could be affected by future climate change. Plant and animal species sensitive to changes in the moisture regime could thus be endangered within the Great Lakes parks.},
	issn = {0888-8892},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99219.x},
	author = {Davis, M. and Douglas, C. and Calcote, R. and Cole, K. L. and Winkler, M. G. and Flakne, R.}
}
@conference {1651,
	title = {Identification of seasonal-to-decadal timescale variations in the zonal currents of the central equatorial Pacific},
	booktitle = {International Coral Reef Symposium},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1401},
	month = {2000},
	address = {Bali},
	author = {Grottoli, A. G. and Druffel, E. R. M. and Gille, S. T. and Dunbar, R. B.}
}
@article {2196,
	title = {Identification of Seasonal-to-Decadal Timescale Variations in the Zonal Currents of the Central Equatorial Pacific Prior to 1955 Using A14C in Coral},
	journal = {EOS},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 254},
	month = {2000},
	abstract = {F767},
	author = {Grottoli, A. G. and Druffel, E. R. M. and Gille, S. T. and Dunbar, R. B.}
}
@inbook {1425,
	title = {Late Pleistocene and Holocene geological evolution of the central Penobscot River Valley: Surficial geology, geoarchaeology, and water supply (Book Section)},
	booktitle = {Guidebook for Field Trips in Coastal and East-Central Maine: NEIGC 92nd Annual Meeting},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 152},
	month = {2000},
	address = {Orono, ME},
	author = {Kelly, A. R. and Dorion, C. C. and Balco, G. and Dieffenbacher-Krall, A. and Garrett, P. and Locke, D. and Tolman, A.},
	editor = {Yates, M. G.}
}
@article {2201,
	title = {Low-level (submicromole) environmental 14C metrology},
	journal = {Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res.},
	volume = {B},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1713},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {440-448},
	author = {Currie, L. A. and Kessler, J. D. and Marolf, J. V. and McNichol, A. P. and Stuart, D. R. and Donoghue, J. C.}
}
@article {2192,
	title = {Mapping of C4 plant input from North West Africa into North East Atlantic Sediments},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochima Acta},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1777},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {3505-3513},
	author = {Huang, Yongsong and Dupont, Lydie and Sarnthein, Michael and Hayes, John M. and Eglinton, Geoffrey}
}
@article {808,
	title = {The NOSAMS sample preparation laboratory in the next millenium: Progress after the WOCE program},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments \& Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {172},
	year = {2000},
	note = {372jrTimes Cited:20Cited References Count:12},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {409-415},
	abstract = {Since 1991, the primary charge of the National Ocean Sciences AMS (NOSAMS) facility at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution has been to supply high throughput, high precision AMS C-14 analyses for seawater samples collected as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). Approximately 13,000 samples taken as part of WOCE should be fully analyzed by the end of Y2K. Additional sample sources and techniques must be identified and incorporated if NOSAMS is to continue in its present operation mode.A trend in AMS today is the ability to routinely process and analyze radiocarbon samples that contain tiny amounts (<100 <mu>g) of carbon. The capability to mass-produce small samples for C-14 analysis has been recognized as a major facility goal. The installation of a new 134-position MC-SNICS ion source, which utilizes a smaller graphite target cartridge than presently used, is one step towards realizing this goal. New preparation systems constructed in the sample preparation laboratory (SPL) include an automated bank of 10 small-volume graphite reactors, an automated system to process organic carbon samples, and a multi-dimensional preparative capillary gas chromatograph (PCGC). (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0168-583x},
	doi = {10.1016/S0168-583x(00)00201-9},
	author = {Gagnon, A. R. and McNichol, A. P. and Donoghue, J. C. and Stuart, D. R. and von Reden, K.}
}
@article {375,
	title = {The origin of Antarctic precipitation: a modelling approach},
	journal = {Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1942; PT: J; UT: WOS:000085432600002},
	pages = {19-36},
	abstract = {The contribution of different moisture sources to Antarctic precipitation for present-day and glacial conditions is estimated with the NASA/GISS Atmospheric General Circulation Model. Despite its low horizontal resolution (8 degrees x 10 degrees), this model simulates reasonably well the broad features of the observed present-day hydrological cycle. Simulated present-day Antarctic precipitation is dominated throughout the year by moisture from a subtropical/midlatitude band (30 degrees S-60 degrees S). The moisture supplied to a given coastal area of Antarctica originates mostly in the adjacent oceanic basin; closer to the pole, other oceanic basins can also contribute significantly. Replacing the present-day sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea ice cover in the GCM with those from the CLIMAP oceanic reconstruction for the last glacial maximum (LGM), greatly increases the simulated latitudinal temperature gradient, with the consequence of slightly enhancing the contribution of low latitude moisture to Antarctic precipitation. It also changes the seasonality of the different contributions and thus their budget, particularly in coastal regions. Because the nature of LGM tropical SSTs is still under debate, Ne performed an additional LGM simulation in which the tropical SSTs are reduced relative to those of CLIMAP. The resulting decrease in the latitudinal gradient brings the relative contributions to Antarctic precipitation more in line with those of the present-day simulation.},
	issn = {0280-6509},
	doi = {10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00951.x},
	author = {Delaygue, G. and Masson, V. and Jouzel, J. and Koster, R. D. and Healy, R. J.}
}
@article {2200,
	title = {Ostracode Mg/Ca ratios suggest warmer-than-present early and middle Holocene in the western Arctic Ocean},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1475},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {594},
	author = {Dwyer, G. S.}
}
@article {749,
	title = {Quaternary palaeohydrological evolution of a playa lake: Salada Mediana, central Ebro Basin, Spain},
	journal = {Sedimentology},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2000},
	note = {383xwTimes Cited:31Cited References Count:76},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {1135-1156},
	abstract = {Sedimentary features, mineralogy, bulk geochemical composition, stable isotope analyses and pollen data from sediment cores were used to reconstruct the Late Quaternary depositional evolution of the Salada Mediana playa lake (central Ebro Basin, northeastern Spain). The 150-cm-long sediment core sequence is composed of gypsum- and dolomite-rich muds (Lower and Middle sections) and black, laminated, calcite-bearing sediments (Upper section). The Salada Mediana formed as a karstic depression in the Miocene gypsum substratum during the Late Pleistocene. The Lower section was deposited in a sulphate-carbonate saline lake that ended with a period of desiccation and basin floor deflation. Subsequent deposition (Middle section) took place in a playa-lake system. Two cycles of lower water table and expanded saline mud flats occurred. The Holocene sequence is missing, probably as a result of aeolian erosion. Sedimentation resumed only a few centuries ago, and saline pan environments dominated until modern times. The Salada Mediana facies succession was mainly governed by fluctuations in the hydrological balance, brine composition, and salinity; however, aeolian processes (detrital input and deflation) and recycling of previously precipitated salts also played a significant role.},
	issn = {0037-0746},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1365-3091.2000.00346.x},
	author = {Valero-Garces, B. L. and Delgado-Huertas, A. and Navas, A. and Machin, J. and Gonzalez-Samperiz, P. and Kelts, K.}
}
@article {2163,
	title = {Responces of a saline lake ecosystems in semi-arid regions to irrigation and climate variability. The history of Salada Chiprana, Central Ebro Basin, Spain},
	journal = {Ambio},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 385},
	month = {2000},
	author = {Valero-Garces, B. L. and Navas, A. and Machin, J. and Stevenson, T. and Davis, B.}
}
@article {636,
	title = {Stable chlorine isotopic compositions of aroclors and aroclor-contaminated sediments},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2000},
	note = {330rcTimes Cited:39Cited References Count:16},
	month = {Jul 1},
	pages = {2866-2870},
	abstract = {An exploratory investigation was conducted to evaluate if stable chlorine isotopic ratios of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) could be useful in studying the processes that determine their transport and fate in the environment First, we determined the variability of delta(37)Cl in the source materials for PCBs. Second, we determined if the delta(37)Cl values of contaminated environmental samples fell outside the range in source variability. The isotopic variability among the source materials (Aroclors) was rather small; delta(37)- Cl values ranged from -3.37 to -2.11\% (mean and standard deviation, -2.78 +/- 0.39\%, n = 12). There was no correlation between the delta(37)Cl values and percentages of chlorine in the mixtures. We also found very similar values in several Clophen mixtures and one Phenoclor. The delta(37)Cl values in the total PCBs isolated from Aroclor-contaminated sediments from the Hudson River, New Bedford Harbor, and Turtle River Estuary ranged from -4.54 to -2.25\% (n = 19). While most of the delta(37)Cl values were within 2 standard deviations of the mean Aroclor value (our assumed estimate for overall source variability), two of the PCB contaminated sediment samples from New Bedford Harbor did appear to be isotopically distinct. The PCBs in these sediments had lower amounts of less chlorinated congeners (when compared to the source material) and were likely isotopically affected by alteration processes that preferentially removed these congeners. Compound specific measurements of two congeners in Aroclor 1268 suggest that there are no large congener-specific differences in the stable chlorine isotope ratios in Aroclors. This study shows that the delta(37)Cl Values of PCBs may be a potentially useful diagnostic tool in studying the transport and fate of PCBs and indicates that additional research is warranted.},
	issn = {0013-936x},
	doi = {10.1021/es9908220},
	author = {Reddy, C. M. and Heraty, L. J. and Holt, B. D. and Sturchio, N. C. and Eglinton, T. I. and Drenzek, N. J. and Xu, L. and Lake, J. L. and Maruya, K. A.}
}
@article {989,
	title = {Un registro de 8,000 anos del paleoclima del noroeste de Yucatan, Mexico},
	journal = {Revista de la Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 264},
	pages = {52-65},
	keywords = {Ciencias de la atm{\'o}sfera, Geolog{\'\i}a, M{\'e}xico, Paleoclima, Pen{\'\i}nsula de Yucat{\'a}n, Yucat{\'a}n},
	issn = {0186-7180},
	author = {Brenner, M. and Leyden, B. W. and Curtis, J. H. and Medina-Gonzalez, R. M. and Dahlin, B. H.}
}
@conference {1819,
	title = {Use of Natural C-14 Measurements to Examine Benthic Food Webs},
	booktitle = {National AGU/ASLO Meeting},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1367},
	month = {2000},
	address = {San Antonio, TX},
	author = {DeMaster, D. J. and Fornes, W. L. and Smith, C. R. and Plaia, G. and Blair, N. E. and Levin, L. A.}
}
@article {2207,
	title = {87Sr/86Sr, delta 18O evolution of Phanerozoic seawater},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {161},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1603},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {59-88},
	author = {Veizer, Jan and Davin, Ala and Azmy, Karem and Bruckschen, Peter and Buhl, Dieter and Bruhn, Frank and Carden, Giles A. F. and Diener, Andreas and Ebneth, Stefan and Godderis, Yves and Jasper, Torsten and Korte, Christoph and Pawellek, Frank and Podlaha, Olaf G. and Strauss, Harald}
}
@article {2209,
	title = {Deglaciation of the northwestern White Mountains, New Hampshire},
	journal = {Geographie Physique Et Quaternaire},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1999},
	note = {218kbTimes Cited:18
Cited References Count:56
},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {59-77},
	abstract = {The mode of deglaciation in the northwestern White Mountains of New Hampshire has been controversial since the mid 1800{\textquoteright}s. Early workers believed that active ice deposited the Bethlehem Moraine complex in the Ammonoosuc River basin during recession of the last ice sheet. In the 1930{\textquoteright}s this deglaciation model was replaced by the concept of widespread simultaneous stagnation and downwastage of Late Wisconsinan ice. The present authors reexamined the Bethlehem Moraine complex and support the original interpretation of a series of moraines deposited by active ice. We found other moraine clusters of similar age to the northeast in the Johns River and lsrael River basins. lce-marginal deposits that probably correlate with the Bethlehem Moraine also occur west of Littleton. The Bethlehem Moraine complex and equivalent deposits in adjacent areas were formed by readvance and oscillatory retreat of the Connecticut Valley lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. This event is called the Littleton-Bethlehem Readvance. Throughout the study area, sequences of glaciolacustrine deposits and meltwater drainage channels indicate progressive northward recession of the glacier margin. Radiocarbon dates from nearby New England and Quebec suggest that the ice sheet withdrew from this part of the White Mountains between about 12,500 and 12,000 (14)C yr BP. We attribute the Littleton-Bethlehem Readvance to a brief climatic cooling during Older Dyas time, close to 12,000 BP.},
	keywords = {canada, chronology, climate, last termination, new-england, record, tills},
	isbn = {0705-7199},
	author = {Thompson, W. B. and Fowler, B. K. and Dorion, C. C.}
}
@article {635,
	title = {Methane-consuming archaebacteria in marine sediments},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {398},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Hinrichs, K UHayes, J MSylva, S PBrewer, P GDeLong, E FengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.England1999/05/11 02:03Nature. 1999 Apr 29;398(6730):802-5.},
	month = {Apr 29},
	pages = {802-5},
	abstract = {Large amounts of methane are produced in marine sediments but are then consumed before contacting aerobic waters or the atmosphere. Although no organism that can consume methane anaerobically has ever been isolated, biogeochemical evidence indicates that the overall process involves a transfer of electrons from methane to sulphate and is probably mediated by several organisms, including a methanogen (operating in reverse) and a sulphate-reducer (using an unknown intermediate substrate). Here we describe studies of sediments related to a decomposing methane hydrate. These provide strong evidence that methane is being consumed by archaebacteria that are phylogenetically distinct from known methanogens. Specifically, lipid biomarkers that are commonly characteristic of archaea are so strongly depleted in carbon-13 that methane must be the carbon source, rather than the metabolic product, for the organisms that have produced them. Parallel gene surveys of small-subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) indicate the predominance of a new archael group which is peripherally related to the methanogenic orders Methanomicrobiales and Methanosarcinales.},
	issn = {0028-0836 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1038/19751},
	author = {Hinrichs, K. U. and Hayes, J. M. and Sylva, S. P. and Brewer, P. G. and DeLong, E. F.}
}
@inbook {1388,
	title = {The North Atlantic{\textquoteright}s 1-2 kyr climate rhythm: Relation to Heinrich events, Dansgaard/Oeschger cycles and the Little Ice Age (Book Section)},
	booktitle = {Mechanisms of global climate change at mellennial time scales},
	series = {Geophysical Monograph Series 112},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 216},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {35-58},
	author = {Bond, G. C. and Showers, W. and Elliot, M. and Evans, M. and Lotti, R. and Hajdas, I. and Bonani, G. and Johnson, S.},
	editor = {Webb, R. and D, Keigwin L.}
}
@conference {1776,
	title = {Relative Sea-Level Rise and the Development of Channel-Fill and Shallow-Water Sequences on Cape Cod, Massachusetts},
	booktitle = {American Geophysical Union, Spring Meeting},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 120},
	month = {1999},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	author = {Gutierrez, B. T. and Aubrey, D. G. and Driscoll, N. W. and Uchupi, E.}
}
@article {395,
	title = {The role of oceanic forcing in mid-Holocene Northern Hemisphere climatic change},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {14},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1943; PT: J; UT: WOS:000079325100009},
	pages = {200-210},
	abstract = {Previous model investigations suggested that changes in orbital forcing and feedbacks associated with northward expansion of the boreal forest were both required to explain the full magnitude of enhanced high-latitude Northern Hemisphere summer warming at 6 ka, thus implying that biospheric feedbacks (decreased planetary albedo associated with forest expansion) may be large in the future [Foley ct at., 1994; TEMPO (Testing Earth System Models with Paleo-Observations), 1996]. Before the magnitude of past biospheric and other feedbacks can be estimated with confidence, however, the role of realistic high-latitude oceanic forcing (i.e., sea surface temperature (SST) increases and sea ice reductions) should also be considered. Here we review existing paleoceanographic observations that suggest portions of the North Atlantic were up to 4 degrees C warmer than today at 6 ka. We then combine our estimates of mid-Holocene North Atlantic SST and sea ice conditions with new climate model simulations to suggest that a significant portion of high-latitude summer warming at 6 ka in the Northern Hemisphere can be accounted for by altered orbital forcing, SSTs, and sea ice relative to today. Our results underscore the importance of incorporating realistic boundary conditions when using paleoenvironmental data to evaluate the climate system{\textquoteright}s sensitivity to altered forcing and suggest that high-latitude oceanic feedbacks were major contributors to enhanced high-latitude summer warming in the Northern Hemisphere at 6 ka.},
	issn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/1998PA900011},
	author = {Kerwin, M. W. and Overpeck, J. T. and Webb, R. S. and DeVernal, A. and Rind, D. H. and Healy, R. J.}
}
@article {719,
	title = {Sedimentary organic matter preservation: A test for selective degradation under oxic conditions},
	journal = {American Journal of Science},
	volume = {299},
	year = {1999},
	note = {263rmTimes Cited:194Cited References Count:104},
	month = {Sep-Nov},
	pages = {529-555},
	abstract = {We report here a test of the hypothesis that the extent of organic matter preservation in continental margin sediments is controlled by the average period accumulating particles reside in oxic porewater immediately beneath the water/sediment interface. Oxygen penetration depths, organic element compositions, and mineral surface areas were determined for 16 sediment cores collected along an offshore transect across the Washington continental shelf, slope, and adjacent Cascadia Basin. Individual amino acid, sugar, and pollen distributions were analyzed for a 11 to 12 cm horizon from each core, and (14)C-based sediment accumulation rates and stable carbon isotope compositions were determined from depth profiles within a subset of six cores from representative sites. Sediment accumulation rates decreased, and dissolved O(2) penetration depths increased offshore along the sampling transect. As a result, oxygen exposure times (OET) increased seaward from decades (mid-shelf and upper slope) to more than a thousand years (outer Cascadia Basin). Organic contents and compositions were essentially constant within individual sediment cores but varied consistently with location. In particular, organic carbon/surface area ratios decreased progressively offshore and with increasing OET. Three independent compositional parameters demonstrated that the remnant organic matter in farther offshore sediments is more degraded. Both concentration and compositional patterns indicated that sedimentary organic matter exhibits a distinct and reproducible "oxic effect" OET helps integrate and explain organic matter preservation in accumulating continental margin sediments and hence provides a useful tool for assessing transfer of organic matter from the biosphere to the geosphere.},
	issn = {0002-9599},
	doi = {10.2475/ajs.299.7-9.529},
	author = {Hedges, J. I. and Hu, F. S. and Devol, A. H. and Hartnett, H. E. and Tsamakis, E. and Keil, R. G.}
}
@inbook {1472,
	title = {A Silent Tandetron AMS System},
	booktitle = {Symposium of North Eastern Accelerator Personnel, October 13-15, 1997, SNEAP XXXI},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1722},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {61-68},
	publisher = {World Scientific Publishing Co.},
	organization = {World Scientific Publishing Co.},
	address = {Forschungszentrum Julich, Germany},
	author = {von Reden, Karl F. and Schneider, Robert J.},
	editor = {Dworschak, F.}
}
@article {2251,
	title = {A 25,000-year tropical climate history from bolivian ice cores},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {282},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ThompsonDavis
Mosley-Thompson
Sowers
Henderson
Zagorodnov
Lin
Mikhalenko
Campen
Bolzan
Cole-Dai
Francou
eng
1998/12/04 03:02
Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1858-64.
},
	month = {Dec 04},
	pages = {1858-64},
	abstract = {Ice cores that were recovered from the summit of Sajama mountain in Bolivia provide carbon-14-dated tropical records and extend to the Late Glacial Stage (LGS). Oxygen isotopic ratios of the ice decreased 5.4 per mil between the early Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum, which is consistent with values from other ice cores. The abrupt onset and termination of a Younger Dryas-type event suggest atmospheric processes as the probable drivers. Regional accumulation increased during the LGS, during deglaciation, and over the past 3000 years, which is concurrent with higher water levels in regional paleolakes. Unlike polar cores, Sajama glacial ice contains eight times less dust than the Holocene ice, which reflects wetter conditions and extensive snow cover.},
	isbn = {1095-9203 (Electronic)0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.282.5395.1858},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9836630},
	author = {Thompson, L. G. and Davis, M. E. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Sowers, T. A. and Henderson, K. A. and Zagorodnov, V. S. and Lin, P. and Mikhalenko, V. N. and Campen, R. K. and Bolzan, J. F. and Cole-Dai, J. and Francou, B.}
}
@article {873,
	title = {Cultural and climatic history of Coba, a lowland Maya city in Quintana Roo, Mexico},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Yz880Times Cited:59Cited References Count:46},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {111-122},
	abstract = {Lake Coba, within the archaeological site of Coba, provides evidence bearing on lowland Maya development, Palynological and geochemical data record multidecadal precipitation cycles from a 8.80-m, >8370-yr lake-sediment sequence terminating on bedrock. Late Classic sedimentation rates are rapid, but an anthropogenically derived colluvium layer is lacking, Initial vegetation was medium semi-deciduous and swamp forest. Forest clearance began 1650 B.C. (Early Preclassic) and maize first occurred at 850 B.C. (Middle Preclassic). Lakeside milpas existed until A.D. 720 (Late Classic) and then were moved from the city center as urbanization intensified and Lake Coba was diked as a reservoir. Coba was at most briefly vacated during the Classic Collapse and was abandoned after A.D. 1240, although some habitation persisted. The paleoecological record matches the archaeological history for Coba, but pervasive disturbance muted the climatic signal, as the Late Classic drought is barely evident. The question whether economic trees were maintained within the city is unresolved, Maize cultivation allowed the Maya to develop a complex society and support a large population, but dependence on maize was ultimately doomed by variable rainfall. Precipitation in extreme years was insufficient to support crops, while native vegetation was not directly affected by drought that devastated Maya agriculture, (C) 1998 University of Washington.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1006/qres.1997.1941},
	author = {Leyden, B. W. and Brenner, M. and Dahlin, B. H.}
}
@conference {1646,
	title = {High-precision Measurements of 14C as a Circulation Tracer in the Pacific, Indian, and Southern Oceans with Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS)},
	booktitle = {8th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1636},
	month = {1998},
	address = {Argonne National Lab},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and Peden, J. C. and Schneider, R. J. and Bellino, M. and Donoghue, J. and Elder, K. L. and Gagnon, A. R. and Long, P. and McNichol, A. P. and Morin, T. and Stuart, D. and Hayes, J. M. and Key, R. M.},
	editor = {Shepard, K. American Institute of Physics}
}
@article {1828,
	title = {Impact of human activity on regional forest composition and dynamics in central New England},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Jan-Feb},
	pages = {76-95},
	abstract = {Historical and ecological data from north-central Massachusetts suggest that widespread and intensive human disturbance after European settlement led to a shift in forest composition and obscured regional patterns of species abundance. A paleoecological approach was required to place recent forest dynamics in a long-term context. Pollen and charcoal data from 11 small lakes in north-central Massachusetts were used to reconstruct local vegetation dynamics and fire histories across the region over the past 1000 years. The sites are located across an environmental gradient. Paleoecological data indicate that prior to European settlement, there was regional variation in forest composition corresponding to differences in climate, substrate, and fire regime. Oak, chestnut, and hickory were abundant at low elevations, whereas hemlock, beech, sugar maple, and yellow birch were common at high elevations. Fire appears to have been more frequent and/or intense at lower elevations, maintaining high abundances of oak, and archaeological data suggest Native American populations were greater in these areas. A change in forest composition at higher elevations, around 550 years before present, may be related to the Little Ice Age (a period of variable climate), fire, and/or activity by Native Americans, and led to regional convergence in forest composition. After European settlement, forest composition changed markedly in response to human disturbance and there was a sharp increase in rates of vegetation change. Regional patterns were obscured further, leading to homogenization of broad-scale forest composition. There is no indication from the pollen data that forests are returning to pre-European settlement forest composition, and rates of vegetation change remain high, reflecting continuing disturbance on the landscape, despite regional reforestation.},
	keywords = {awenda provincial park, eastern north-america, european settlement, forest dynamics, history, human disturbance, lake sediment, land-use, new england, paleoecology, patterns, rates of change, united-states, vegetation dynamics},
	isbn = {1432-9840},
	author = {Fuller, T. L.  and Foster, D. R.  and McLachlan, T. S.  and Drake, N.}
}
@article {761,
	title = {Influence of oxygen exposure time on organic carbon preservation in continental margin sediments},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {391},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Yv594Times Cited:355Cited References Count:27},
	month = {Feb 5},
	pages = {572-574},
	abstract = {Today, over 90\% of all organic carbon burial in the ocean occurs in continental margin sediments(1). This burial is intrinsically linked to the cycling of biogeochemically important elements (such as N, P, S, Fe and Mn) and, on geological timescales, largely controls the oxygen content of the atmosphere(2-4). Currently there is a volatile debate over which processes govern sedimentary organic carbon preservation(5-8). In spite of numerous studies demonstrating empirical relationships between organic carbon burial and such factors as primary productivity(9), the flux of organic carbon through the water column(10), sedimentation rate(11,12), organic carbon degradation rate(13), and bottom-water oxygen concentration(8,14), the mechanisms directly controlling sedimentary organic carbon preservation remain unclear. Furthermore, as organic carbon burial is the process that, along with pyrite burial(15), balances O-2 concentrations in the atmosphere, it is desirable that any mechanism proposed to control organic carbon preservation include a feedback buffering atmospheric oxygen concentrations over geological time. Here we compare analyses of sediments underlying two regions of the eastern North Pacific Ocean, one which has oxygen-depleted bottom waters and one with typical oxygen distributions. Organic carbon burial efficiency is strongly correlated with the length of time accumulating particles are exposed to molecular oxygen in sediment pore waters. Oxygen exposure time effectively incorporates other proposed environmental variables(8-14), and may exert a direct control on sedimentary organic carbon preservation and atmospheric oxygen concentrations.},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/35351},
	author = {Hartnett, H. E. and Keil, R. G. and Hedges, J. I. and Devol, A. H.}
}
@conference {1668,
	title = {Late Pleistocene Mammuthus primigenious from coastal mMaine},
	booktitle = {33rd annual meeting, Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 21},
	month = {1998},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America},
	organization = {Geological Society of America},
	address = {Portland, ME},
	author = {Hoyle, B. G. and Fisher, D. C. and Dorion, C. C. and Churchill, L. L. and W, Borns H., Jr. and Nelson, R. E.}
}
@conference {1715,
	title = {The NOSAMS Sample Preparation Laboratory: Systems and graphite performance analysis},
	booktitle = {16th International 14C Conference},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1628},
	month = {1998},
	address = {Groninghen},
	author = {Gagnon, A. R. and McNichol, A. P. and Donaghue, J. C. and Morin, T. J. and Peden, J. C.}
}
@article {973,
	title = {P18 Final report for AMS 14C samples},
	journal = {Ocean Tracer Laboratory Technical Report},
	volume = {98},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1464},
	pages = {10},
	author = {Key, R. M. and D, Quay P.}
}
@article {800,
	title = {Physical controls on dissolved inorganic radiocarbon variability in the California Current},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1998},
	note = {102ttTimes Cited:21Cited References Count:43},
	pages = {617-642},
	abstract = {We present depth profiles of Delta(14)C and delta(13)C Of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) at Station M in the Eastern North Pacific. Several seasonal profiles are presented for the time period between 1991 and 1996. Comparison with GEOSECS data clearly shows changes in ocean radiocarbon profiles since 1973. The Delta(14)C Of DIC shows the most variability at depths of 450, 85, and 25 m, and the lowest variability at depths of 1600 and 2500 m. The largest variability in DIC Delta(14)C occurs at 450 m, a depth marked by large fluctuations in the radiocarbon signatures of the source waters. The likely controls of DIC Delta(14)C variability are physical changes in the circulation of the California Current System. A simple two-box model is used to show the importance of wind driven mixing at the surface. We discuss the likely effects of mesoscale eddies and ENSO on the DIC Delta(14)C values at this site. We also show that remineralization of organic carbon (dissolved or particulate) is not responsible for the variability in the Delta(14)C Of DIC observed at Station M. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00096-9},
	author = {Masiello, C. A. and Druffel, E. R. M. and Bauer, J. E.}
}
@article {2276,
	title = {Status Report of the National Ocean Sciences AMS Facility at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution: Operations and Recent Developments},
	journal = {15th International Conference on the Applications of Accelerators in Research and Industry},
	volume = {A.I.P. Conference Proceedings},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1647},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {644-647},
	author = {Bellino, M. and von Reden, K. F. and Schneider, R. J. and Peden, J. C. and Donoghue, J. and Elder, K. L. and Gagnon, A. R. and Long, P. and McNichol, A. P. and Odegaard, A. P. and Stuart, D. and Handwork, S. and Hayes, J. M.}
}
@article {819,
	title = {An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {138},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Xj245Times Cited:283Cited References Count:35},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {119-126},
	abstract = {During latest Quaternary glaciation, the Black Sea became a giant freshwater lake. The surface of this lake drew down to levels more than 100 m below its outlet. When the Mediterranean rose to the Bosporus sill at 7,150 yr BP1, saltwater poured through this spillway to refill the lake and submerge, catastrophically, more than 100,000 km(2) of its exposed continental shelf. The permanent drowning of a vast terrestrial landscape may possibly have accelerated the dispersal of early neolithic foragers and farmers into the interior of Europe at that time. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00007-8},
	author = {Ryan, W. B. F. and Pitman, W. C. and Major, C. O. and Shimkus, K. and Moskalenko, V. and Jones, G. A. and Dimitrov, P. and Gorur, N. and Sakinc, M. and Yuce, H.}
}
@article {2281,
	title = {Eastern Mississippi Delta; late Wisconsin unconformity, overlying transgressive facies, sea level and subsidence},
	journal = {Engineering Geology},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 79},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {359-381},
	author = {Stanley, D. J. and Warne, A. G. and Dunbar, J. B.}
}
@article {721,
	title = {Foraminiferal constraints on very high-resolution seismic stratigraphy and late Quaternary glacial history, New Jersey continental shelf},
	journal = {Palaios},
	volume = {12},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Xf026Times Cited:19Cited References Count:39},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {249-266},
	abstract = {Internal stratigraphy of a Late Quaternary sediment wedge on the New Jersey outer continental shelf has been investigated using regional and 3-D seismic surveys, sediment cores and foraminiferal biofacies analysis. Results from the study help constrain Late Wisconsinan glacial/deglacial history in this area. Three major reflectors (channels, S and R) define 5 stratigraphic units: S1-modern sediments; S2-sands overlying a channelized surface (Channels reflector); S3-muds, clays and sandy muds below the channelized surface and above reflector S; S4-an unsampled unit between reflectors S and R; and S5-sands underlying reflector R, the fatter surface defining the base of the sediment wedge. Multivariate quantitative analysis delineates four major faunal groups characterizing these stratigraphic units. Faunal patterns are interpreted in terms of modern foraminiferal distributions, planktonic/benthic ratios and faunal abundance patterns. Group A dominates units S2 and S5 and is characterized by Cibicides lobatulus and Cassidulina islandica. The fauna indicates middle neritic water depths, moderate to high current energy, and moderate accumulation rates. Group B dominates unit S3 (muddy unit) and is characterized by Elphidium excavatum s.l., Buccella frigida, Fursenkoina fusiformis and miliolid spp. This fauna represents an environment with no modern analogue on the New Jersey continental shelf reflecting middle neritic, low-energy conditions and the accumulation of predominantly muddy sediments. Group C dominates the modern sediment veneer (unit S1), and its diverse fauna is consistent with modern faunal distributions and environmental conditions. Group D consists of a low-diversity fauna dominated by Fursenkoina fusiformis and Nonionella sp., which characterizes a few samples in unit S3. Environmental conditions are probably similar to those described for faunal group B. The distribution and interpretation of these faunas, combined with preliminary C-14 AMS dates, indicate that the Quaternary history of the outer-shelf sediment wedge involves a middle Wisconsinan unconformity (R), overlain by an unsampled unit (S4) and several meters of mud (S3). This relationship may represent a middle Wisconsinan outwash event. The muddy deposit was later incised by the {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}Channels{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} horizon, possibly reflecting the Late Wisconsinan maximum lowering of sea level. This horizon is overlain by sandy transgressive deposits associated with rising sea level, presumably during the Holocene.},
	issn = {0883-1351},
	doi = {10.2307/3515426},
	author = {Lagoe, M. B. and Davies, T. A. and Austin, J. K. and Olson, H. C.}
}
@article {807,
	title = {Hold-up and memory effect for carbon in a compact microwave ion source},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments \& Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {123},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Wt653Times Cited:13Cited References Count:7},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {546-549},
	abstract = {The production of C+ in a microwave ion source injected with a gaseous CO2 sample has been investigated as an alternative to sample graphitization, A continuous flow of argon gas maintained the discharge, and 20 mu L Of CO2 gas at approximately 1 atm was pulsed into the source through a sample valve closely coupled to the plasma chamber, The C+ component of the beam fell to 1\% of its original intensity less than 10 s after the valve was operated. in a separate experiment, the microwave ion source was operated with pure CO2 feed gas and the extracted beam was magnetically analyzed. Efficient breakup of the molecules was observed. These results are considered promising for such applications as accelerator mass spectrometry of C isotopes in gaseous samples.},
	issn = {0168-583x},
	doi = {10.1016/S0168-583x(96)00607-6},
	author = {Schneider, R. J. and vonReden, K. F. and Wills, J. S. C. and Diamond, W. T. and Lewis, R. and Savard, G. and Schmeing, H.}
}
@conference {1699,
	title = {The National Ocean Sciences AMS (NOSAMS) Sample Preparation Laboratory: Systems and Graphite Performance Analysis},
	booktitle = {International Radiocarbon Conference},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 962},
	month = {1997},
	address = {Groningen, Nethlands},
	author = {Gagnon, A. R. and McNichol, A. P. and Donoghue, J. C. and Morin, T. J. and Peden, J. C.}
}
@conference {1714,
	title = {The NOSAMS sample preparation laboratory: overview of systems and techniques},
	booktitle = {16th International Radiocarbon Conference},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 955},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {50},
	publisher = {Book of Abstracts},
	organization = {Book of Abstracts},
	address = {Groningen},
	author = {Gagnon, A. R. and McNichol, A. and Donoghue, J. C. and Merkle, K. M. and Morin, T. J.}
}
@article {2305,
	title = {Preliminary results of the first scientific drilling on Lake Baikal, Buguldeika site, southeastern Siberia},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {37},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Vq100Times Cited:44
Cited References Count:29
},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {3-17},
	abstract = {The Baikal Drilling Project (BDP) is a multinational effort to investigate the paleoclimatic history and tectonic evolution of the Baikal sedimentary basin during the Late Neogene. In March 1993 the Baikal drilling system was successfuly deployed from a barge frozen into position over a topographic high, termed the Buguldeika saddle, in the southern basin of Lake Baikal. The BDP-93 scientific team, made up of Russian, American and Japanese scientists, successfully recovered the first long (>100 m) hydraulic piston cores from two holes in 354 m of water. High quality cores of 98 m (Hole 1) and 102 m (Hole 2), representing sedimentation over the last 500,000 years, were collected in 78 mm diameter plastic liners with an average recovery of 72\% and 90\%, respectively. Magnetic susceptibility logging reveals an excellent hole-to-hole correlation. In this report the scientific team describes the preliminary analytical results from BDP-93 hole 1 cores. Radiocarbon dating by accelerator mass spectrometry provides an accurate chronology for the upper portion of Hole 1. Detailed lithologic characteristics, rock magnetic properties and inorganic element distributions show a significant change to the depositional environment occuring at 50 m subbottom depth, approximately 250,000 BP. This change may be due to uplift and rotation of the horst block in the Buguldeika saddle. The sedimentary section above 50 m is pelitic with varve-like laminae, whereas the section below 50 m contains a high proportion of sand and gravel horizons often organized into turbidite sequences. Accordingly, high resolution seismic records reveal a change in sonic velocity at this depth. It is inferred that sedimentation prior to 250 ka BP was from the west via the Buguldeika river system. After 250 ka BP the Buguldeika saddle reflects an increase in hemipelagic sediments admired with fine-grained material from the Selenga River drainage basin, east of Lake Baikal. Variations in the spore-pollen assemblage, diatoms, biogenic silica content, rock magnetic properties, clay mineralogy and organic carbon in the upper 50 m of BDP-93-1 reveal a detailed record of climate change over approximately the last 250,000 years. These variables alternate in a pattern characteristic of glacial/interglacial climatic fluctuations. The present age model suggests that the climate signal recorded in Lake Baikal sediments is similar to Late Quaternary signals recorded in Chinese loess sections and in marine sediments. Copyright (C) 1996 INQUA/Elsevier Science Ltd},
	keywords = {asia, tectonics},
	isbn = {1040-6182},
	author = {Colman, S. and Grachev, M. and Hearn, P. and Horie, S. and Kawai, T. and Kuzmin, M. and Logachov, N. and Fialkov, V. and Gorigljad, A. and Tomilov, B. and Khakhaev, B. and Kochikov, S. and Lykov, V. and Pevzner, L. and Bucharov, A. and Karabanov, E. and Logachev, N. and Mats, V. and Bardardinov, A. and Baranova, E. and Khlystov, O. and Khrachenko, V. and Shimaraeva, M. and Stolbova, E. and Komakova, E. and Efremova, S. and Gvozdkov, A. and Kravchinski, V. and Peck, J. and Fileva, T. and Kashik, S. and Khramtsova, T. and Kalashnikova, I. and Rasskazova, T. and Tatarnikova, V. and Yuretich, R. and Mazilov, V. and Takemura, K. and Bobrov, V. and Gunicheva, T. and Haraguchi, H. and Ito, S. and Kocho, T. and Kuzmin, M. and Markova, M. and Pampura, V. and Proidakova, O. and Ishiwatari, R. and Sawatari, H. and Takeuchi, A. and Toyoda, K. and Vorobieva, S. and Ikeda, A. and Marui, A. and Nakamura, T. and Ogura, K. and Ohta, T. and King, J. and Sakai, H. and Yokoyama, T. and Hayashida, A. and Bezrukova, E. and Fowell, S. and Fuji, N. and Letunova, P. and Misharina, V. and Miyoshi, N. and Chernyaeva, G. and Ignatova, I. and Likhoshvai, E. and Stoermer, E. and Granina, L. and Levina, O. and Dolgikh, P. and Lazo, F. and Lutskaia, N. and Orem, W. and Wada, E. and Williams, D. and Yamada, K. and Yamada, S. and Callander, E. and Golobokoval, L. and Shanks, P. and Dorofeeva, R. and Duchkov, A.}
}
@article {2296,
	title = {Radiocarbon chronology of Namaqualand mudbelt sediments: problems and prospects},
	journal = {South African Journal of Science},
	volume = {93},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Yb537Times Cited:7
Cited References Count:18
},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {321-327},
	abstract = {This paper presents the first radiocarbon-dated chronology of the mudbelt which occupies the continental shelf around southern Africa. The results confirm the Holocene age of the superficial deposits and suggest that laminations in the sediments of the mudbelt off the Orange River mouth are recent and terrestrially derived. Two anomalies are, however, apparent in the chronology. First, the surface sediments do not provide recent or contemporary radiocarbon ages, as would be expected. Second, the laminated sediments yield ages which are not in stratigraphic sequence and appear to be clustered around the period 1000 to 1700 sri Possible reasons for these anomalies are discussed together with alternative means of deriving a more accurate and reliable chronology for the mudbelt sediments.},
	keywords = {accumulation rates, ages, Marine},
	isbn = {0038-2353},
	author = {Meadows, M. E. and Dingle, R. V. and Rogers, J. and Mills, E. G.}
}
@mastersthesis {1303,
	title = {An updated high resolution chronology of deglaciation and accompanying marine transgression in Maine, Thesis},
	volume = {Dissertation/Thesis},
	year = {1997},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {147},
	school = {University of Maine},
	address = {Orono, Maine},
	author = {Dorion, C. C.}
}
@article {745,
	title = {Variability in radiocarbon ages of individual organic compounds from marine sediments},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {277},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Xq247Times Cited:175Cited References Count:37},
	month = {Aug 8},
	pages = {796-799},
	abstract = {Organic carbon (OC) from multiple sources can be delivered contemporaneously to aquatic sediments. The influence of different OC inputs on carbon-14-based sediment chronologies is illustrated in the carbon-14 ages of purified, source-specific (biomarker) organic compounds from near-surface sediments underlying two contrasting marine systems, the Black Sea and the Arabian Sea, In the Black Sea, isotopic heterogeneity of n-alkanes indicated that OC was contributed from both fossil and contemporary sources. Compounds reflecting different source inputs to the Arabian Sea exhibit a 10,000-year range in conventional carbon-14 ages. Radiocarbon measurements of biomarkers of marine photoautotrophy enable sediment chronologies to be constructed independent of detrital OC influences.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.277.5327.796},
	author = {Eglinton, T. I. and BenitezNelson, B. C. and Pearson, A. and McNichol, A. P. and Bauer, J. E. and Druffel, E. R. M.}
}
@article {2333,
	title = {Automated systems and techniques utilized at the NOSAMS sample preparation laboratory: An update of productivity and quality issues},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {38},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 959},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {38-39},
	author = {Gagnon, A. R. and McNichol, A. P. and Hutton, D. L. and Osborne, E. A. and Donoghue, J. C.}
}
@article {840,
	title = {A comparison of methods for the measurement of dissolved organic carbon in natural waters},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {54},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Vj296Times Cited:50Cited References Count:49},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {85-96},
	abstract = {A small suite of natural samples spanning a wide range of DOC concentrations and salinities were analyzed by three high-temperature combustion (HTC) techniques and persulfate oxidation, One of the HTC techniques, sealed-tube combustion (STC), served as a referee method, Using this method, it was possible to obtain absolute DOC concentrations for the natural samples free of any analytical blank offset, Prior to the comparison of samples, an exchange of carbon-free water and calibration standards showed that all methods were equally well calibrated, Linear correlation analysis was used to differentiate whether the differences observed between methods was due to variable oxidation yields or to an artifact of the instrument blank, Agreement among the various methods was quite good, but yields for all methods decreased compared to the STC technique at concentrations of > 400 mu M C. Persulfate results were found to be very similar to HTC results. Finally, carbon-free distilled water prepared by UV/H2O2 oxidation or Milli-Q systems had near-zero DOC concentrations and was adequate for blank correction of all the various techniques yielding DOC concentrations in excellent agreement with the referee method.},
	issn = {0304-4203},
	doi = {10.1016/0304-4203(96)00023-0},
	author = {Peltzer, E. T. and Fry, B. and Doering, P. H. and McKenna, J. H. and Norrman, B. and Zweifel, U. L.}
}
@conference {1602,
	title = {Dating of explosive volcanic events associated with dome growth at Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Special Symposium on Volcanism in Montserrat, Second Caribbean Conference on Natural Hazards and Hazard Management},
	series = {Montserrat Volcano Observatory Open File Report 96/22},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 1306},
	month = {1996},
	address = {Kingston, Jamaica},
	author = {Young, S. R. and Hoblitt, R. P. and Smith, A. L. and Devine, J. D. and Wadge, G. and Shepherd, J. B.}
}
@article {842,
	title = {The early and middle Weichselian interstadials in the central area of the Scandinavian glaciations},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {15},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Vl592Times Cited:10Cited References Count:56},
	pages = {471-479},
	abstract = {In the central parts of the Scandinavian glaciations, in Norway, Sweden and Finland, there are a number of Early Weichselian sites with fresh-water sediments, which, by comparison with sites further south, can be correlated with either the Brorup or Odderade interstadials. Few of these sites can with any certainty be correlated with just one of the two. In northern Jutland and at the coast of south-western Norway there are Early Weichselian marine sediments, some of those in Norway having been interpreted as interstadial.Middle Weichselian fresh-water sediments have only been found in Denmark and southern Sweden, whereas marine sediments occur in northern Jutland and at the coast in Norway, in the same areas as the Early Weichselian marine sediments. Most of the Middle Weichselian sites must be referred to as representing an interstadial complex, as a close correlation with the five interstadials identified in northwest Germany and The Netherlands is not possible.A close correlation has been made between the fluctuations in the deep-sea oxygen-isotope curve and the Weichselian history in Scandinavia, the justification for which is discussed. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/0277-3791(96)00002-9},
	author = {Donner, J.}
}
@article {2314,
	title = {East Asian monsoon variations; linkage to northern hemisphere millenniallll-scale climate oscillations},
	journal = {Supplement to EOS},
	volume = {77},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 56},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {19},
	author = {Oppo, D. W. and Deiner, L. and Curry, W. B. and Norris, R. D.}
}
@article {639,
	title = {Gas chromatographic isolation of individual compounds from complex matrices for radiocarbon dating},
	journal = {Anal Chem},
	volume = {68},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Eglinton, T IAluwihare, L IBauer, J EDruffel, E RMcNichol, A Peng1996/03/01 00:00Anal Chem. 1996 Mar 1;68(5):904-12. doi: 10.1021/ac9508513.},
	month = {Mar 01},
	pages = {904-12},
	abstract = {This paper describes the application of a novel, practical approach for isolation of individual compounds from complex organic matrices for natural abundance radiocarbon measurement. This is achieved through the use of automated preparative capillary gas chromatography (PCGC) to separate and recover sufficient quantities of individual target compounds for (14)C analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). We developed and tested this approach using a suite of samples (plant lipids, petroleums) whose ages spanned the (14)C time scale and which contained a variety of compound types (fatty acids, sterols, hydrocarbons). Comparison of individual compound and bulk radiocarbon signatures for the isotopically homogeneous samples studied revealed that Delta(14)C values generally agreed well (+/-10\%). Background contamination was assessed at each stage of the isolation procedure, and incomplete solvent removal prior to combustion was the only significant source of additional carbon. Isotope fractionation was addressed through compound-specific stable carbon isotopic analyses. Fractionation of isotopes during isolation of individual compounds was minimal (<5 per thousand for delta(13)C), provided the entire peak was collected during PCGC. Trapping of partially coeluting peaks did cause errors, and these results highlight the importance of conducting stable carbon isotopic measurements of each trapped compound in concert with AMS for reliable radiocarbon measurements. The addition of carbon accompanying derivatization of functionalized compounds (e.g., fatty acids and sterols) prior to chromatographic separation represents a further source of potential error. This contribution can be removed using a simple isotopic mass balance approach. Based on these preliminary results, the PCGC-based approach holds promise for accurately determining (14)C ages on compounds specific to a given source within complex, heterogeneous samples.},
	issn = {0003-2700 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1021/ac9508513},
	author = {Eglinton, T. I. and Aluwihare, L. I. and Bauer, J. E. and Druffel, E. R. and McNichol, A. P.}
}
@article {2341,
	title = {Highly Variable Late Pleistocene and Holocene Sedimentation Rates In AMS C14-Dated Boxcores From the Central Arctic Ocean},
	journal = {EOS},
	volume = {77},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 906},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {F307},
	author = {Darby, D. A. Bischof J. F. Jones G. A.}
}
@article {727,
	title = {Holocene climatic and human influences on lakes of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico: An interdisciplinary, palaeolimnological approach},
	journal = {Holocene},
	volume = {6},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Vh189Times Cited:56Cited References Count:65},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {273-287},
	abstract = {We used palaeolimnological techniques to examine effects of Holocene climate change and human influence on lakes of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. The three study lakes are located along a west-east transect that represents a gradient of increasing modern precipitation and density of former Maya settlement. At Lake Coba, an 880-cm sediment core yields a complete record of lacustrine sedimentation that began when the lake first filled similar to 8000 BP as groundwater level rose in response to rising sea level and increased precipitation. Diatom, ostracod, and delta(18)O evidence indicate that Lake Coba was initially shallow and saline. Coba, presently in the region of greatest rainfall, showed more episodic water-level changes than Lake San Jose Chulchaca or Lake Sayaucil. High lake level and fresh water were evident at 440 cm (similar to 2600 BP), followed by a decline in water levels and an increase in total ionic salinity to the present time. In a 613-cm core from Sayaucil, in the intermediate precipitation zone, total salinity was high between 600 and 400 cm (similar to 3050 and 2000 BP), followed by consistently higher water levels. Salinity was high in the lower portion of a 110-cm San Jose Chulchaca core (beginning similar to 1860 BP), followed by a gradual and consistent freshening of water to the present time.Trophic state changes and human influence on lakes were evaluated using diatom, delta(18)O, total P, sedimentary organic matter, and preliminary pollen data. Maximal human disturbance at Lake Coba, a densely settled Maya urban site, occurred during a deep-water event at 440 cm, followed by a decline in human influence and trophic state to the present time. Trophic state and linear sedimentation rates in Sayaucil increased significantly above 400 cm (after similar to 2000 BP), probably associated with initial Maya settlement near Xtojil and subsequent small-scale farming. Limnological disturbance may have preceded the period of maximal human occupation because initial land clearance and consequent soil erosion probably affected water quality substantially. San Jose Chulchaca lacks archaeological evidence of human occupation in the drainage, and shows gradual changes in trophic state not caused by human disturbance. With the exception of a C-14 date on wood from the base of the Coba core, C-14 dates and chronologies may be artificially old as a consequence of hard-water-lake error. Trophic state changes in the study lakes were generally consistent with known patterns of human settlement and population change. Late-Holocene water-level fluctuations were most pronounced in Lake Coba in eastern Yucatan, where modern rainfall is currently greatest, but lake level is generally lower than during much of the past. Lake level was relatively constant in Sayaucil in the central peninsula, whereas lake level in San Jose Chulchaca in the arid western portion of the peninsula increased gradually over time.},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/095968369600600303},
	author = {Whitmore, T. J. and Brenner, M. and Curtis, J. H. and Dahlin, B. H. and Leyden, B. W.}
}
@article {2337,
	title = {Isolation of Individual Organic Compounds for AMS Radiocarbon Analysis--A Novel Approach},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {38},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 1650},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {26},
	author = {Eglinton, T. I. and McNichol, A. P. and Benitez-Nelson, B. C. and Pearson, A. and von Reden, K. F. and Schneider, R. J. and Bauer, J. E. and Druffel, E. R. M.}
}
@conference {1658,
	title = {Isolation of Individual Organic Compounds for AMS Radiocarbon Analysis -- A Novel Approach},
	booktitle = {7th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {38},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 1800; 1},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {26},
	publisher = {Radiocarbon},
	organization = {Radiocarbon},
	address = {Tucson, AZ},
	author = {Eglinton, T. I. and McNichol, A. P. and Benitez-Nelson, B. C. and Pearson, A. and von Reden, K. F. and Schneider, R. J. and Bauer, J. E. and Druffel, E. R. M.}
}
@article {746,
	title = {A long pollen record from lowland Amazonia: Forest and cooling in glacial times},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {274},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Vk748Times Cited:350Cited References Count:42},
	month = {Oct 4},
	pages = {85-88},
	abstract = {A continuous pollen history of more than 40,000 years was obtained from a lake in the lowland Amazon rain forest. Pollen spectra demonstrate that tropical rain forest occupied the region continuously and that savannas or grasslands were not present during the last glacial maximum. The data suggest that the western Amazon forest was not fragmented into refugia in glacial times and that the lowlands were not a source of dust. Glacial age forests were comparable to modern forests but also included species now restricted to higher elevations by temperature, suggesting a cooling of the order of 5 degrees to 6 degrees C.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.274.5284.85},
	author = {Colinvaux, P. A. and DeOliveira, P. E. and Moreno, J. E. and Miller, M. C. and Bush, M. B.}
}
@article {2306,
	title = {Molecular breakup of CO2 and hold-up time in a microwave ion source},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 949},
	month = {1996},
	author = {Wills, J. S. C. and Diamond, W. T. and Lewis, R. A. and Schmeing, H. and von Reden, K. F. and Schneider, R. J.}
}
@book {1371,
	title = {One thousand years of change in the Great Lakes Region. A pilot project of the NBS Landscape Use History of North America (LUHNA) publ. electronically on the World Wide Web},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 1323; http://www.nbs.gov/luhna/cole},
	month = {1996},
	author = {Cole, K. L. and Davis, M. B. and Winkler, M. G.}
}
@article {2340,
	title = {Post-bomb radiocarbon records of surface corals from the tropical Atlantic Ocean},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {38},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Xd080Times Cited:25
Cited References Count:20
},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {563-572},
	abstract = {Delta(14)C records are reported for post-bomb corals from three sites in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. In corals from 18 degrees S in the Brazil Current, Delta(14)C values increased from ca.-58 parts per thousand in the early 1950s to +138 parts per thousand by 1974, then decreased to 110 parts per thousand by 1982 Shorter records from 8 degrees S off Brazil and from the Cape Verde Islands (17 degrees N) showed initially higher Delta(14)C values before 1965 than those at 18 degrees S, but showed lower rates of increase of Delta(14)C during the early 1960s. There is general agreement between the coral results and Delta(14)C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) measured in seawater previously for locations in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Delta(14)C values at our tropical ocean sites increased at a slower rate than those observed previously in the temperate North Atlantic (Florida and Bermuda), owing to the latter{\textquoteright}s proximity to the bomb C-14 input source in the northern hemisphere. Model results show that from 1960-1980 the Cape Verde coral and selected DIC Delta(14)C values from the North Equatorial Current agree with that calculated for the North Atlantic based on an isopycnal mixing model with a constant water mass renewal rate between surface and subsurface waters. This is in contrast to Delta(14)C values in Bermuda corals that showed higher post-bomb values than those predicted using a constant water mass renewal rate, hence indicating that ventilation in the western north Atlantic Ocean had decreased by a factor of 3 during the 1960s and 1970s (Druffel 1989).},
	keywords = {atmosphere, banded corals, bermuda, C-14, pacific, rings, ventilation},
	isbn = {0033-8222},
	author = {Druffel, E. R. M.}
}
@article {2338,
	title = {Preparative capillary gas chromatographic isolation of individual compounds from complex matrices for radiocarbon dating},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {68},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 1340},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {904-912},
	author = {Eglinton, T. I. and Aluwihare, L. I. and Bauer, J. E. and Druffel, E. R. M. and McNichol, A. P.}
}
@article {795,
	title = {Radiocarbon measurements of atmospheric volatile organic compounds: Quantifying the biogenic contribution},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {30},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Uc413Times Cited:26Cited References Count:25},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {1098-1105},
	abstract = {The radiocarbon (C-14) abundance of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOC) gives a quantitative estimate of contributions from biomass and fossil-mass sources, important information for effective regulation of ozone precursors. We report here details of a methodology to perform such measurements and the first exploratory C-14 results on VOC fractions separated from two composited urban tropospheric air samples, collected during the summer (1992) in Atlanta, GA. The upper limit of the percentage of VOC originating from biomass sources during the morning and evening hours in Atlanta were 9 and 17\%, respectively, measurements reported at the 95\% confidence level. However, due to the level of the process blank and its uncertainty, in both cases the percentage can be as low as zero. The results of these experiments, designed to (i) evaluate the entire [C-14]VOC measurement process and (ii) obtain reliable estimates of biogenic contributions to atmospheric VOC, emphasize how important controls are throughout this multi-step chemical process to ensure quality data.},
	issn = {0013-936x},
	doi = {10.1021/es9501981},
	author = {Klouda, G. A. and Lewis, C. W. and Rasmussen, R. A. and Rhoderick, G. C. and Sams, R. L. and Stevens, R. K. and Currie, L. A. and Donahue, D. J. and Jull, A. J. T. and Seila, R. L.}
}
@inbook {1464,
	title = {Recession of the late Wisconsinan Ice Sheet from the northwestern White Mountains, New Hampshire (Book Section)},
	booktitle = {New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference Guidebook for Field Trips in Northern New Hampshire and Adjacent regions of Maine and Vermont},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 18},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {203-234},
	author = {Thompson, W. B. and Fowler, B. K. and Flanagan, S. M. and Dorion, C. C.},
	editor = {Van Baalen, M. R.}
}
@article {2339,
	title = {Seasonal variability of particulate organic radiocarbon in the northeastern Pacific},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {101},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 1239},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {20543-20552},
	author = {Druffel, Ellen R. M. and Bauer, J. E. and Williams, P. M. and Griffin, S. and Wolgast, D.}
}
@article {866,
	title = {Sedimentary carbon-isotope systematics on the Amazon shelf},
	journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Ty588Times Cited:12Cited References Count:33},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {17-23},
	abstract = {Sedimentary carbon systematics on the Amazon continental shelf were investigated using C-14 and delta(13)C measurements of sedimentary organic materials. Mass balance calculations indicate that the C-14 content of modern shelf muds results from burial of old (similar to 5000 yr BP) terrestrial soil carbon and bomb-C-14-enriched marine carbon, implying that most of the bomb-labeled riverine particulate carbon is not buried on the shelf. The C-14 signature of Amazon shelf deposits records the effects of both biogeochemical and sedimentary processes active in this dynamic environment.},
	issn = {0276-0460},
	doi = {10.1007/Bf01218832},
	author = {Sommerfield, C. K. and Nittrouer, C. A. and DeMaster, D. J.}
}
@conference {1609,
	title = {Developments at the NOSAMS Facility During 1995},
	booktitle = {Symposium of Northeastern Accelerator Personnel},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 1799},
	month = {1995},
	address = {Durham, NC},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and Cohen, G. J. and Dalton, M. J. and Peden, J. C. and Schneider, R. J.}
}
@mastersthesis {1302,
	title = {The effects of islands on the recession of the late Wisconsinan ice sheet margin in the De Geer Sea, Maine, Thesis},
	volume = {Dissertation/Thesis},
	year = {1995},
	month = {1995},
	school = {University of Maine},
	address = {Orono, Maine},
	author = {Donner, J.}
}
@conference {1676,
	title = {Late Wisconsinan stratigraphy and deglaciation chronology of the lower Aroostook River Valley, Maine},
	booktitle = {Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, 30th annual meeting},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 1238},
	month = {1995},
	pages = {85},
	address = {Cromwell, Connecticut},
	author = {Strasser, J. C. and Weddle, T. K. and Dorion, C. C.}
}
@article {1499,
	title = {Sampling Cruise 6, North Atlantic Tracer Release Experiment, R/V Seward Johnson, Cruise 9404},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 1754},
	month = {1995},
	institution = {Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	address = {Woods Hole, MA},
	author = {Ledwell, J. R. and Donoghue, T. and Donoghue, J. and Sundermeyer, M.}
}
@article {2351,
	title = {Systematic decrease of high delta 13C values with burial in late archaean (2.8 Ga) diagenetic dolomite: evidence for methanogenesis from the Crixas Greenstone Belt, Brazil},
	journal = {Precambrian Research},
	volume = {70},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 1589},
	month = {1995},
	pages = {253-268},
	author = {Dix, G. R. and Thomson, M. L. and Longstaffe, F. J. and McNutt, R. H.}
}
@article {2380,
	title = {Chronology, sedimentology, and faunal assemblages of glaciomarine sediments in Maine},
	journal = {Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs},
	volume = {25},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 17},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {12},
	author = {Dorion, C. C.}
}
@inbook {1474,
	title = {Glacial geology of the Penobscot River basin between Millinocket and Medway (Book Section)},
	booktitle = {New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference Guidebook for Field Trips in North Central Maine},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 19},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {193-212},
	author = {Weddle, T. K. and Lowell, T. V. and Dorion, C. C.},
	editor = {Hanson, L. S.}
}
@conference {1770,
	title = {Radiocarbon studies of particulate organic carbon in the eastern North Pacific Ocean},
	booktitle = {1994 ocean sciences meeting},
	volume = {75},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 1240; 3},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {236},
	address = {San Diego, CA},
	author = {Druffel, E. R. M. and Bauer, J. E. and Williams, P. M. and Griffin, S. and Wolgast, C. Lee and Wakeham, S. G.},
	editor = {University of California at Irvine, Department of Geosciences}
}
@article {1364,
	title = {Radiocarbon Studies of Particulate Organic Carbon in the Eastern North Pacific Ocean},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 907},
	month = {1994},
	author = {Druffel, E. R. M. and Griffin, S. and Bauer, J. E. and Williams, P. M. and Wolgast, D. M. and Lee, C.}
}
@article {857,
	title = {Sedimentary Cycling and Environmental-Change in the Late Proterozoic - Evidence from Stable and Radiogenic Isotopes},
	journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1992},
	note = {Hj963Times Cited:357Cited References Count:100},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {1317-1329},
	abstract = {We report C, Sr, and O isotopic as well as selected major and trace element data from Late Proterozoic (ca. 900-540 Ma) marine carbonates in three widely separated basins.  The isotopic and elemental data are used to evaluate effects of post-depositional alteration of Sr-87/Sr-86 and delta-C-13.  Using our present best estimates for unaltered samples, we construct a new delta-C-13-curve for 850 500 Ma marine carbonates using data in this paper and from literature sources.  Delta-C-13 values are high (+4 to +8 parts per thousand) during most of the late Riphean (ca. 900-600 Ma) with brief negative excursions likely associated with glacial periods.  Similarly, in the Vendian delta-C-13 falls sharply (from late Riphean highs) to < -3 parts per thousand around the Varanger glaciation (ca. 600 Ma), and then returns to high values (+4 to +2 parts per thousand) remaining until the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary where the curve drops to a value of about -1 parts per thousand in Lower Cambrian carbonates.  Coupling of the Sr and C isotopic data is used to develop a simple model for evaluating organic carbon (C(org)) burial in Late Proterozoic oceans.  These calculations indicate that C(org) burial rates were lower than present-day values during much of the late Riphean, at the same time that erosion rates were low.  Excess O2 produced by the burial of C(org) was likely balanced by oxidation of reduced hydrothermal fluids and weathering reactions.  Near the time of the Varanger glaciation, C(org) burial rates dropped but quickly recovered and reached a maximum (a factor of 2-4 greater than present day) in Vendian sediments.  High C(org) burial rates were probably driven by high sedimentation rates, and possibly high productivity.  The high C(org) burial rate likely gave rise to a large flux of O2; high values of delta-S-34 in Late Proterozoic marine sulfates suggest that this O2 flux was not balanced by increased sulfate formation.  Further, the Sr-isotopic record indicates that excess O2 was not balanced by oxidation of submarine hydrothermal fluids.  Increased oxidative weathering was probably an important sink for O2; nonetheless, we conclude that a significant and rapid increase in atmospheric O2 occurred in the Vendian.  These results have important implications for environmental changes during the first appearance of an Ediacaran metazoan fauna.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/0016-7037(92)90064-P},
	author = {Derry, L. A. and Kaufman, A. J. and Jacobsen, S. B.}
}
@article {2403,
	title = {Variability of the delta13C of dissolved inorganic carbon at a site in the North Pacific Ocean},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1992},
	note = {id: 1746},
	month = {1992},
	pages = {3589-3592},
	author = {McNichol, A. P. and Druffel, E. R. M.}
}
@inbook {1440,
	title = {Carbon cycling in coastal sediments: 2. An investigation of the sources of CO2 to pore water using carbon isotopes},
	booktitle = {Organic Substances and Sediments in Water, Processes and Analytical},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1991},
	note = {id: 1743},
	month = {1991},
	pages = {249-272},
	publisher = {CRC Press},
	organization = {CRC Press},
	address = {Boca Raton, FL},
	author = {McNichol, A. P. and Druffel, E. R. M. and Lee, C.},
	editor = {Baker, R. A.}
}
