@article {grimley_updated_2024,
	title = {Updated chronology for Peoria Silt (loess) accumulation in Illinois and western Indiana from radiocarbon dating of terrestrial gastropod shells},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	year = {2024},
	month = {05/2024},
	pages = {1{\textendash}19},
	abstract = {Based on calibrated radiocarbon ages of terrestrial gastropod shells (Succineidae, Discus, Stenotrema, Webbhelix), the chronology of Peoria Silt (loess) deposition in the Central Lowlands is updated. These taxa provide reliable ages (within \textasciitilde0.2 ka), based on historical shell dating, shell-organic age comparisons, and stratigraphic consistency. A compilation of 53 new and 36 published Peoria Silt shell ages (calibrated), from 12 localities, date from 30.0 to 17.4 ka. Proximal (fossiliferous) loess from 10 sections had mean loess accumulation rates of 0.6{\textendash}2.2 mm/yr. Study sites along the upper Mississippi, Illinois, to mid-Mississippi, and Ohio-Wabash Valleys suggest Peoria loess accumulated from \textasciitilde27 to 15 ka, \textasciitilde29 to 18 ka, and \textasciitilde30 to 18 ka, respectively. The cessation age for Peoria Silt, based on surface extrapolations, is \textasciitilde1{\textendash}6 ka earlier than some prior Illinois estimates, even assuming slower loess accumulation in the modern solum. Younger loess in northwestern Illinois likely reflects, in part, Superior and Des Moines Lobe glacial-meltwater sediment, and Iowan Erosion Surface inputs to the upper Mississippi Valley, after the Lake Michigan Lobe receded. Furthermore, stronger winds, drier conditions, and reduced vegetation cover in valley deflation areas may have favored higher accumulation rates and later loess deposition in northwestern relative to southeastern areas.},
	keywords = {chronology, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Last Glacial, Loess, Peoria Silt, radiocarbon, Succineidae, Wisconsin Episode},
	issn = {0033-5894, 1096-0287},
	doi = {10.1017/qua.2024.15},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/quaternary-research/article/updated-chronology-for-peoria-silt-loess-accumulation-in-illinois-and-western-indiana-from-radiocarbon-dating-of-terrestrial-gastropod-shells/67CEEB07C31701FF4C2095346BD07F99},
	author = {Grimley, David A. and Loope, Henry M. and Jacobs, Peter M. and Nash, T. Andrew and Dendy, Sarah N. and Conroy, Jessica L. and Curry, B. Brandon}
}
@article {white_refractory_2023,
	title = {Refractory Dissolved Organic Matter has Similar Chemical Characteristics but Different Radiocarbon Signatures With Depth in the Marine Water Column},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {37},
	number = {4},
	year = {2023},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2022GB007603},
	month = {04/2023},
	pages = {e2022GB007603},
	abstract = {The >5,000-year radiocarbon age (14C-age) of much of the 630 {\textpm} 30 Pg C oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) reservoir remains an enigma in the marine carbon cycle. The fact that DOC is significantly older than dissolved inorganic carbon at every depth in the ocean forms the basis of our current framing of the marine DOC cycle, where some component persists over multiple cycles of ocean mixing. As a result, 14C-depleted, aged DOC is hypothesized to be present as a uniform reservoir with a constant 14C signature and concentration throughout the water column. However, key requirements of this model, including direct observations of DOC with similar 14C signatures in the surface and deep ocean, have never been met. Despite decades of research, the distribution of Δ14C values in marine DOC remains a mystery. Here, we applied a thermal fractionation method to compare operationally defined refractory DOC (RDOC) from different depths in the North Pacific Ocean. We found that RDOC shares chemical characteristics (as recorded by OC bond strength) throughout the water column but does not share the same 14C signature. Our results support one part of the current paradigm{\textemdash}that RDOC is comprised of structurally related components throughout the ocean that form a {\textquotedblleft}background{\textquotedblright} reservoir. However, in contrast to the current paradigm, our results are consistent with a vertical concentration gradient and a vertical and inter-ocean Δ14C gradient for RDOC. The observed Δ14C gradient is compatible with the potential addition of pre-aged DOC to the upper ocean.},
	keywords = {marine dissolved organic matter, radiocarbon, ramped pyrolysis oxidation},
	issn = {1944-9224},
	doi = {10.1029/2022GB007603},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022GB007603},
	author = {White, Margot E. and Nguyen, Tran B. and Koester, Irina and Lardie Gaylord, Mary C. and Beman, J. Michael and Smith, Kenneth L. and McNichol, Ann P. and Beaupr{\'e}, Steven R. and Aluwihare, Lihini I.}
}
@article {2956,
	title = {Black carbon and organic carbon dataset over the Third Pole},
	journal = {Earth System Science Data},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-01-2022},
	pages = {683 - 707},
	abstract = {Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings, also known as the Third Pole, play an important role in the global and regional climate and hydrological cycle. Carbonaceous aerosols (CAs), including black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC), can directly or indirectly absorb and scatter solar radiation and change the energy balance on the Earth. CAs, along with the other atmospheric pollutants (e.g., mercury), can be frequently transported over long distances into the inland Tibetan Plateau. During the last decades, a coordinated monitoring network and research program named {\textquotedblleft}Atmospheric Pollution and Cryospheric Changes{\textquotedblright} (APCC) has been gradually set up and continuously operated within the Third Pole regions to investigate the linkage between atmospheric pollutants and cryospheric changes. This paper presents a systematic dataset of BC, OC, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) from aerosols (20 stations), glaciers (17 glaciers, including samples from surface snow and ice, snow pits, and 2 ice cores), snow cover (2 stations continuously observed and 138 locations surveyed once), precipitation (6 stations), and lake sediment cores (7 lakes) collected across the Third Pole, based on the APCC program. These data were created based on online (in situ) and laboratory measurements. High-resolution (daily scale) atmospheric-equivalent BC concentrations were obtained by using an Aethalometer (AE-33) in the Mt. Everest (Qomolangma) region, which can provide new insight into the mechanism of BC transportation over the Himalayas. Spatial distributions of BC, OC, WSOC, and WIOC from aerosols, glaciers, snow cover, and precipitation indicated different features among the different regions of the Third Pole, which were mostly influenced by emission sources, transport pathways, and deposition processes. Historical records of BC from ice cores and lake sediment cores revealed the strength of the impacts of human activity since the Industrial Revolution. BC isotopes from glaciers and aerosols identified the relative contributions of biomass and fossil fuel combustion to BC deposition on the Third Pole. Mass absorption cross sections of BC and WSOC from aerosol, glaciers, snow cover, and precipitation samples were also provided. This updated dataset is released to the scientific communities focusing on atmospheric science, cryospheric science, hydrology, climatology, and environmental science. The related datasets are presented in the form of excel files. BC and OC datasets over the Third Pole are available to download from the National Cryosphere Desert Data Center (https://doi.org/10.12072/ncdc.NIEER.db0114.2021; Kang and Zhang, 2021).},
	doi = {10.5194/essd-14-683-2022},
	url = {https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/14/683/2022/},
	author = {Kang, Shichang and Zhang, Yulan and Chen, Pengfei and Guo, Junming and Zhang, Qianggong and Cong, Zhiyuan and Kaspari, Susan and Tripathee, Lekhendra and Gao, Tanguang and Niu, Hewen and Zhong, Xinyue and Chen, Xintong and Hu, Zhaofu and Li, Xiaofei and Li, Yang and Neupane, Bigyan and Yan, Fangping and Rupakheti, Dipesh and Gul, Chaman and Zhang, Wei and Wu, Guangming and Yang, Ling and Wang, Zhaoqing and Li, Chaoliu}
}
@article {2972,
	title = {Comparing paleo-oxygenation proxies (benthic foraminiferal surface porosity, I/Ca, authigenic uranium) on modern sediments and the glacial Arabian Sea},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {331},
	year = {2022},
	month = {08/2022},
	pages = {69 - 85},
	abstract = {Oceanic oxygen reconstructions of the last glacial period are needed to understand the mechanisms of glacial deep ocean carbon storage and to validate climate model simulations. However, existing bottom-water oxygen (BWO) reconstructions are ambiguous due to limitations of each paleo-BWO proxy. Here we present data on three proxies for BWO: benthic foraminiferal surface porosity, benthic foraminiferal iodine/calcium (I/Ca), and authigenic uranium (aU), from globally distributed core-top samples, and we evaluate the potential advantages and limitations of these BWO proxies on global and regional scales. All three proxies are most sensitive to changes at relatively low BWO concentrations (<\~{}50 {\textmu}mol/kg). Data from globally-distributed core tops confirm that foraminiferal surface porosity is correlated with BWO between 0 and 100 {\textmu}mol/kg. Our analysis further confirms that benthic surface porosity is predominantly controlled directly by BWO rather than other potential functionalities of surface pores such as organic carbon uptake and respiratory CO2 release. Low benthic I/Ca can identify low BWO (<50 {\textmu}mol/kg), whereas higher benthic I/Ca values are not associated with specific BWO, possibly due to additional dependence of I/Ca on temperature, salinity, carbonate ion concentration, or water mass mixing at higher BWO. The relationship between aU and BWO is regionally dependent. In the Arabian Sea, variable aU enrichments occur only within the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ), driven by high export production and organic matter fluxes to the sediment. Finally, we combine foraminiferal surface porosity, I/Ca and aU to generate the first quantitative glacial-Holocene BWO reconstructions using a sediment core taken from within the modern Arabian Sea OMZ. All three proxies consistently suggest BWO < 50 μmol/kg in the shallow Arabian Sea during the last \~{}30 kyr, with relatively higher BWO during the glacial period than the Holocene. A comparison with the benthic carbon isotope gradient proxy (Δδ13C) confirms that Δδ13C over-estimates BWO in low-oxygen settings possibly due to sediment diagenesis impacts. Our study provides new insights on the merits and limitations of these BWO proxies and confirms the importance of multi-proxy reconstructions for more reliable paleo-BWO estimates.

},
	keywords = {13 Climate Action},
	isbn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2022.06.001},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703722002666},
	author = {Lu, Wanyi and Wang, Yi and Oppo, Delia W. and Nielsen, Sune G. and Costa, Kassandra M.}
}
@article {2960,
	title = {The dynamics of warming during the last deglaciation in high-elevation regions of Eastern Equatorial Africa},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {281},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-04-2022},
	pages = {107416},
	abstract = {Tropical mountain environments, such as the Rwenzori Mountains in equatorial Africa, are thought to be particularly sensitive to climate change. Ongoing warming in the Rwenzori is impacting local environments and communities through glacial retreat, fires, and flooding. Paleoclimate reconstructions from elsewhere in Africa suggest considerable warming accompanied glacier retreat during the last glacial termination, from \~{}21 thousand years before present (ka) through the early to mid-Holocene. Quantifying these changes has been difficult but could help to assess future impacts in the Rwenzori. Here, we present a \~{}21 thousand-year (kyr) temperature reconstruction based on the relative abundance of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) from Lake Mahoma (2,990 m above sea level; m asl) in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda. Our record, paired with existing Rwenzori glacial moraine 10Be exposure ages, suggests that deglacial warming and glacial retreat began by \~{}20 ka and accelerated at \~{}18{\textendash}18.5 ka. The timing of the onset of rapid warming matches the timing of the post-glacial rise in radiative forcing from atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) from Antarctic ice cores (Brook et al., 1996; Marcott et al., 2014; Monnin et al., 2004; Schilt et al., 2010). Our temperature reconstruction registers \~{}4.9 {\textdegree}C warming from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the late Holocene. This increase is larger than the average \~{}2-4 {\textdegree}C warming observed in records from lower elevation sites in tropical East Africa, but similar to that observed at other high-elevation sites in this region. The increased warming at higher elevations thus confirms that the temperature lapse rate steepened during the LGM over this region. Our results also indicate \~{}3 {\textdegree}C of warming during the mid-Holocene relative to the late Holocene. This suggests that the freezing-level height rose above Rwenzori summit elevations at that time, likely causing complete deglaciation of the Rwenzori Mountains from \~{}5 to 7 ka. The mid-Holocene is thus a potential analog for the glacial and environmental changes that these mountains are likely to experience in the coming decades. Overall, the timing and magnitude of temperature change observed in our record has important implications for climate model projections of future warming in tropical Africa.},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107416},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379122000476},
	author = {Garelick, Sloane and Russell, James and Richards, Adin and Smith, Jamila and Kelly, Meredith and Anderson, Nathan and Jackson, Margaret S. and Doughty, Alice and Nakileza, Bob and Ivory, Sarah and Dee, Sylvia and Marshall, Charlie}
}
@article {2975,
	title = {The giant 1960 tsunami in the context of a 6000-year record of paleotsunamis and coastal evolution in south-central Chile},
	journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2022},
	month = {06/2022},
	pages = {2062 - 2078},
	abstract = {The tsunami associated with the giant 9.5 Mw 1960 Chile earthquake deposited an extensive sand layer above organic-rich soils near Queule (39.3{\textdegree}S, 73.2{\textdegree}W), south-central Chile. Using the 1960 tsunami deposits, together with eye-witness observations and numerical simulations of tsunami inundation, we tested the tsunami inundation sensitivity of the site to different earthquake slip distributions. Stratigraphically below the 1960 deposit are two additional widespread sand layers interpreted as tsunami deposits with maximum ages of 4960{\textendash}4520 and 5930{\textendash}5740 cal BP. This >4500-year gap of tsunami deposits preserved in the stratigraphic record is inconsistent with written and geological records of large tsunamis in south-central Chile in 1575, 1837, and possibly 1737. We explain this discrepancy by: (1) poor preservation of tsunami deposits due to reduced accommodation space from relative sea-level fall during the late Holocene; (2) recently evolved coastal geomorphology that increased sediment availability for tsunami deposit formation in 1960; and/or (3) the possibility that the 1960 tsunami was significantly larger at this particular location than other tsunamis in the past >4500 years. Our research illustrates the complexities of reconstructing a complete stratigraphic record of past tsunamis from a single site for tsunami hazard assessment. The coastal geomorphology near Queule, Chile preserves evidence of the giant Mw 9.51960 Chile earthquake and two buried paleotsunami deposits within the last 6000 years. Using the 1960 tsunami deposits, eye-witness observations, and numerical simulations of tsunami inundation, we tested the sensitivity of the site to different earthquake slip distributions. We consider the role of coastal geomorphic evolution, sea-level history, and tsunami magnitude in the preservation of paleotsunami depositional records.},
	doi = {10.1002/esp.5363},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/esp.5363},
	author = {Matos-Llavona, Pedro I. and Ely, Lisa L. and MacInnes, Breanyn and Dura, Tina and Cisternas, Marco A. and Bourgeois, Joanne and Bruce, David and DePaolis, Jessica and Dolcimascolo, Alexander and Horton, Benjamin P. and Melnick, Daniel and Nelson, Alan R. and Szeliga, Walter and Wesson, Robert L.}
}
@article {2957,
	title = {Large fluxes of continental-shelf-borne dissolved organic carbon in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {240},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-03-2022},
	pages = {104097},
	abstract = {Fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from continental shelves to the ocean may play a critical role in marine carbon cycling and budget. However, these fluxes have been poorly constrained because complicated biogeochemical reactions of riverine, atmospheric, and marine organic carbon occur in continental shelf-waters. We used multiple tracers of DOC such as stable- and radiocarbon isotope ratios of DOC, fluorescent properties of dissolved organic matter (FDOM), and 228Ra as a water age tracer to investigate the sources and fluxes of DOC in the northwest Pacific continental margin of the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. Here, we show that there are significant additional (excess) supplies of DOC in the central Yellow Sea relative to the Changjiang (Yangtze River) source, based on these tracers. The marine δ13C signature (-21.1 {\textpm} 1.1{\textperthousand}) and the radiocarbon age (2000 {\textpm} 400 yr) of DOC suggest that the additional DOC (Δ14DOC = -44{\textperthousand}) is supplied from a combination of newly produced DOC and the degradation of particulate as well as sedimentary organic matter. The flux of this additional DOC produced in the continental shelf of the East China Sea to the open ocean is estimated to be ~1.9 {\textpm} 0.8 Tg C yr-1, which is comparable to that from the Changjiang discharge. Our study implies that the fluxes of continental shelf-borne DOC may be important globally and should be considered in estimating global DOC budgets in the marine environment.},
	issn = {03044203},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marchem.2022.104097},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304420322000147},
	author = {Han, Heejun and Na, Taehee and Cho, Hyung-Mi and Kim, Guebuem and Hwang, Jeomshik}
}
@article {2973,
	title = {Late Holocene centennial to millennial-scale variability in lower trophic level productivity off southern Hokkaido, Japan, and its response to dissolved iron-replete Coastal Oyashio dynamics},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2022},
	month = {02/2022},
	pages = {27 - 42},
	abstract = {Little is known about the dynamics of marine food chains spanning primary to higher trophic levels on centennial and longer timescales, especially where the supply of dissolved iron limits primary productivity. To elucidate the long-term dynamics of biological productivity in the Coastal Oyashio (CO), which is a major pathway for transporting dissolved iron into the western North Pacific from winter to spring, we reconstructed the lower trophic level productivity over the last 3000 years in the CO. Our results demonstrate that the concentrations and mass accumulation rates of both Chl- a (chlorophyll a and its derivatives) and biogenic opal used as proxies of primary productivity, and steryl chlorin esters (SCEs) used as that of zooplankton productivity, show a millennial-scale increasing trend and centennial-scale variability beginning ca. AD 400. SCEs were positively correlated with Chl- a , indicating that changes in zooplankton productivity were induced by bottom-up control of primary productivity. The Chl- a and SCEs showed synchronous centennial-scale patterns with a relative abundance of sea-ice-associated diatom species transported by CO, and with a ventilation index in the Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water. This synchronous pattern indicates that lower trophic-level productivity during the spring bloom responded to the intensity of iron-replete CO.},
	doi = {10.1017/qua.2021.71},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/quaternary-research/article/late-holocene-centennial-to-millennialscale-variability-in-lower-trophic-level-productivity-off-southern-hokkaido-japan-and-its-response-to-dissolved-ironreplete-coastal-oyashio-dynamics/},
	author = {Kuwae, Michinobu and Tsugeki, Narumi and Finney, Bruce P. and Tani, Yukinori and Onodera, Jonaotaro and Kiyoto, Mako and Kusaka, Mitsukuni and Sagawa, Takuya and Nakamura, Yugo and Ohnishi, Hiroji and Kuroda, Hiroshi and Okuda, Noboru and Ohta, Tamihisa and Ikehara, Minoru and Irino, Tomohisa}
}
@article {2978,
	title = {Late Holocene Paleomagnetic Secular Variation in the Chukchi Sea, Arctic Ocean},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2022},
	month = {05/2022},
	pages = {1-21},
	abstract = {The geomagnetic field behavior in polar regions remains poorly understood and documented. Although a number of Late Holocene paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) records exist from marginal settings of the Amerasian Basin in the Arctic Ocean, their age control often relies on a handful of radiocarbon dates to constrain ages over the past 4,200 years. Here we present well-dated Late Holocene PSV records from two sediment cores recovered from the Chukchi Sea, Arctic Ocean. The records are dated using 26 14C measurements, with local marine reservoir corrections calibrated using tephra layers from the 3.6 cal ka BP Aniakchak eruption in Northern Alaska. These 14C-based chronologies are extended into the post-bomb era using caesium-137 dating, and mercury isochrons. Paleomagnetic measurements and rock magnetic analyses reveal stable characteristic remanent magnetization directions, and a magnetic mineralogy dominated by low-coercivity minerals. The PSV records conform well to global spherical harmonic field model outputs. Centennial to millennial scale directional features are synchronous between the cores and other Western Arctic records from the area. Due to the robust chronology, these new high-resolution PSV records provide a valuable contribution to the characterization of geomagnetic field behavior in the Arctic over the past few thousand years, and can aid in developing age models for suitable sediments found in this region.},
	doi = {10.1029/2021GC010187},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021GC010187},
	author = {West, Gabriel and Nilsson, Andreas and Geels, Alexis and Jakobsson, Martin and Moros, Matthias and Muschitiello, Francesco and Pearce, Christof and Snowball, Ian and O{\textquoteright}Regan, Matt}
}
@article {patrut_radiocarbon_2022,
	title = {Radiocarbon investigation of two large African baobabs from Kizimkazi, Zanzibar, Tanzania},
	journal = {Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Chemia},
	volume = {67},
	number = {2},
	year = {2022},
	month = {10/2022},
	pages = {143{\textendash}153},
	abstract = {The article reports the AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon dating results of Kizimkazi Big tree and Kizimkazi II baobab, two large African baobabs from Zanzibar, Tanzania. Unfortunately, both baobabs toppled and died in 2018 and 2020, during violent storms. The investigation of the two baobabs evinced that the first of them, which was also the biggest tree of Tanzania, consisted of 5 stems, out of which 2 were false ones, and had a closed ring-shaped structure. The second baobab was composed of 4 fused stems and had a cluster structure. Several wood samples were collected from the two baobabs. Seven segments were extracted from the samples and dated by radiocarbon. The oldest segment from Kizimkazi Big tree had a radiocarbon date of 312 {\textpm} 18 BP, corresponding to a calibrated age of 380 {\textpm} 10 calendar years. According to dating results, the Kizimkazi Big tree died at the age of 400 {\textpm} 25 years. The oldest segment from Kizimkazi II baobab had a radiocarbon date of 137 {\textpm} 17 BP, corresponding to a calibrated age of 190 {\textpm} 10 calendar years. This value indicates that the Kizimkazi II baobab was 250 {\textpm} 25 years old when it died. },
	issn = {1224-7154},
	doi = {10.24193/subbchem.2022.2.09},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Patrut, Roxana T. and Rakosy, Laszlo and Ratiu, Ileana-Andreea and Bodis, Jen{\H o} and Nassor, Nassor Mahmoud and von Reden, Karl F.}
}
@article {johnson_review_2022,
	title = {Review article: Existing and potential evidence for Holocene grounding line retreat and readvance in Antarctica},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {16},
	number = {5},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Publisher: Copernicus GmbH},
	month = {05/2022},
	pages = {1543{\textendash}1562},
	abstract = {Widespread existing geological records from above the modern ice sheet surface and outboard of the current ice margin show that the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) was much more extensive at the Last Glacial Maximum (\~{}20 ka) than at present. However, whether it was ever smaller than present during the last few millennia, and (if so) by how much, is known only for a few locations because direct evidence lies within or beneath the ice sheet, which is challenging to access. Here, we describe how retreat and readvance (henceforth {\textquotedblleft}readvance{\textquotedblright}) of AIS grounding lines during the Holocene could be detected and quantified using subglacial bedrock, subglacial sediments, marine sediment cores, relative sea-level (RSL) records, geodetic observations, radar data, and ice cores. Of these, only subglacial bedrock and subglacial sediments can provide direct evidence for readvance. Marine archives are of limited utility because readvance commonly covers evidence of earlier retreat. Nevertheless, stratigraphic transitions documenting change in environment may provide support for direct evidence from subglacial records, as can the presence of transgressions in RSL records, and isostatic subsidence. With independent age control, ice structure revealed by radar can be used to infer past changes in ice flow and geometry, and therefore potential readvance. Since ice cores capture changes in surface mass balance, elevation, and atmospheric and oceanic circulation that are known to drive grounding line migration, they also have potential for identifying readvance. A multidisciplinary approach is likely to provide the strongest evidence for or against a smaller-than-present AIS in the Holocene.},
	issn = {1994-0416},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-16-1543-2022},
	url = {https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/1543/2022/},
	author = {Johnson, Joanne S. and Venturelli, Ryan A. and Balco, Greg and Allen, Claire S. and Braddock, Scott and Campbell, Seth and Goehring, Brent M. and Hall, Brenda L. and Neff, Peter D. and Nichols, Keir A. and Rood, Dylan H. and Thomas, Elizabeth R. and Woodward, John}
}
@article {walsh_synergy_2022,
	title = {Synergy between Sunlight, Titanium Dioxide, and Microbes Enhances Cellulose Diacetate Degradation in the Ocean},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {56},
	number = {19},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Publisher: American Chemical Society},
	month = {09/2022},
	pages = {13810{\textendash}13819},
	abstract = {Sunlight chemically transforms marine plastics into a suite of products, with formulation-the specific mixture of polymers and additives-driving rates and products. However, the effect of light-driven transformations on subsequent microbial lability is poorly understood. Here, we examined the interplay between photochemical and biological degradation of fabrics made from cellulose diacetate (CDA), a biobased polymer used commonly in consumer products. We also examined the influence of \~{}1\% titanium dioxide (TiO2), a common pigment and photocatalyst. We sequentially exposed CDA to simulated sunlight and native marine microbes to understand how photodegradation influences metabolic rates and pathways. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that sunlight initiated chain scission reactions, reducing CDA{\textquoteright}s average molecular weight. Natural abundance carbon isotope measurements demonstrated that chain scission ultimately yields CO2, a newly identified abiotic loss term of CDA in the environment. Measurements of fabric mass loss and enzymatic activities in seawater implied that photodegradation enhanced biodegradation by performing steps typically facilitated by cellulase. TiO2 accelerated CDA photodegradation, expediting biodegradation. Collectively, these findings (i) underline the importance of formulation in plastic{\textquoteright}s environmental fate and (ii) suggest that overlooking synergy between photochemical and biological degradation may lead to overestimates of marine plastic persistence.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.2c04348},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c04348},
	author = {Walsh, Anna N. and Mazzotta, Michael G. and Nelson, Taylor F. and Reddy, Christopher M. and Ward, Collin P.}
}
@article {2929,
	title = {A maximum rupture model for the central and southern Cascadia subduction zone{\textemdash}reassessing ages for coastal evidence of megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {261},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-06-2021},
	pages = {106922},
	abstract = {A new history of great earthquakes (and their tsunamis) for the central and southern Cascadia subduction zone shows more frequent (17 in the past 6700 yr) megathrust ruptures than previous coastal chronologies. The history is based on along-strike correlations of Bayesian age models derived from evaluation of 554 radiocarbon ages that date earthquake evidence at 14 coastal sites. We reconstruct a history that accounts for all dated stratigraphic evidence with the fewest possible ruptures by evaluating the sequence of age models for earthquake or tsunami contacts at each site, comparing the degree of temporal overlap of correlated site age models, considering evidence for closely spaced earthquakes at four sites, and hypothesizing only maximum-length megathrust ruptures. For the past 6700 yr, recurrence for all earthquakes is 370e420 yr. But correlations suggest that ruptures at-1.5 ka and-1.1 ka were of limited extent (<400 km). If so, post-3-ka recurrence for ruptures extending throughout central and southern Cascadia is 510e540 yr. But the range in the times between earthquakes is large: two instances may be-50 yr, whereas the longest are-550 and-850 yr. The closely spaced ruptures about 1.6 ka may illustrate a pattern common at subduction zones of a long gap ending with a great earthquake rupturing much of the subduction zone, shortly followed by a rupture of more limited extent. The ruptures of limited extent support the continued inclusion of magnitude-8 earthquakes, with longer ruptures near magnitude 9, in assessments of seismic hazard in the region. },
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106922},
	url = {https://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\&SrcApp=search\&SrcAuth=Alerting\&SID=6DMZZppDlBSzMpeHDG2\&customersID=Alerting\&mode=FullRecord\&IsProductCode=Yes\&AlertId=4d48b20a-7d27-4fa2-},
	author = {Nelson, Alan R. and DuRoss, Christopher B. and Witter, Robert C. and Kelsey, Harvey M. and Engelhart, Simon E. and Mahan, Shannon A. and Gray, Harrison J. and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Padgett, Jason S.}
}
@article {3003,
	title = {Plastic Formulation is an Emerging Control of Its Photochemical Fate in the Ocean},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2021},
	month = {09/2021},
	pages = {12383 - 12392},
	abstract = {Sunlight exposure is a control of long-term plastic fate in the environment that converts plastic into oxygenated products spanning the polymer, dissolved, and gas phases. However, our understanding of how plastic formulation influences the amount and composition of these photoproducts remains incomplete. Here, we characterized the initial formulations and resulting dissolved photoproducts of four single-use consumer polyethylene (PE) bags from major retailers and one pure PE film. Consumer PE bags contained 15{\textendash}36\% inorganic additives, primarily calcium carbonate (13{\textendash}34\%) and titanium dioxide (TiO2; 1{\textendash}2\%). Sunlight exposure consistently increased production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) relative to leaching in the dark (3- to 80-fold). All consumer PE bags produced more DOC during sunlight exposure than the pure PE (1.2- to 2.0-fold). The DOC leached after sunlight exposure increasingly reflected the 13C and 14C isotopic composition of the plastic. Ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry revealed that sunlight exposure substantially increased the number of DOC formulas detected (1.1- to 50-fold). TiO2-containing bags photochemically degraded into the most compositionally similar DOC, with 68{\textendash}94\% of photoproduced formulas in common with at least one other TiO2-containing bag. Conversely, only 28\% of photoproduced formulas from the pure PE were detected in photoproduced DOC from the consumer PE. Overall, these findings suggest that plastic formulation, especially TiO2, plays a determining role in the amount and composition of DOC generated by sunlight. Consequently, studies on pure, unweathered polymers may not accurately represent the fates and impacts of the plastics entering the ocean.},
	isbn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.1c02272},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c02272},
	author = {Walsh, Anna N. and Reddy, Christopher M. and Niles, Sydney F. and McKenna, Amy M. and Hansel, Colleen M. and Ward, Collin P.}
}
@article {2989,
	title = {The triple argon isotope composition of groundwater on ten-thousand-year timescales},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {583},
	year = {2021},
	month = {11/2021},
	pages = {120458},
	abstract = {Understanding the age and movement of groundwater is important for predicting the vulnerability of wells to contamination, constraining flow models that inform sustainable groundwater management, and interpreting geochemical signals that reflect past climate. Due to both the ubiquity of groundwater with order ten-thousand-year residence times and its importance for climate reconstruction of the last glacial period, there is a strong need for improving geochemical dating tools on this timescale. Whereas 14C of dissolved inorganic carbon and dissolved 4He are common age tracers for Late Pleistocene groundwater, each is limited by systematic uncertainties related to aquifer composition and lithology, and the extent of water-rock interaction. In principle, radiogenic 40Ar in groundwater acquired from decay of 40K in aquifer minerals should be insensitive to some processes that impact 14C and 4He and thus represent a useful, complementary age tracer. In practice, however, detection of significant radiogenic 40Ar signals in groundwater has been limited to a small number of studies of extremely old groundwater (>100~ka). Here we present the first high-precision (<1{\textperthousand}) measurements of triple Ar isotopes (40Ar, 38Ar, 36Ar) in groundwater. We introduce a model that distinguishes radiogenic 40Ar from atmospheric 40Ar by using the non-radiogenic Ar isotopes (36Ar, 38Ar) to correct for mass-dependent fractionation. Using this model, we investigate variability in radiogenic 40Ar excess (Δ40Ar) across 58 groundwater samples collected from 36 wells throughout California (USA). We find that Δ40Ar ranges from ~0{\textperthousand} (the expected minimum value) to +4.2{\textperthousand} across three study areas near Fresno, San Diego, and the western Mojave Desert. Based on measurements from a network of 23 scientific monitoring wells in San Diego, we find evidence for a strong dependence of Δ40Ar on aquifer lithology. We suggest that Δ40Ar is fundamentally controlled by the weathering of old K-bearing minerals and thus reflects both the degree of groundwater-rock interaction, which is related to groundwater age, and the integrated flow through different geological formations. Future studies of Late Pleistocene groundwater may benefit from high-precision triple Ar isotope measurements as a new tool to better interpret 14C- and 4He-based constraints on groundwater age and flow.},
	keywords = {groundwater, Groundwater dating, Isotope geochemistry, Noble gas},
	isbn = {0009-2541},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120458},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009254121004010},
	author = {Seltzer, Alan M. and Krantz, John A. and Ng, Jessica and Danskin, Wesley R. and Bekaert, David V. and Barry, Peter H. and Kimbrough, David L. and Kulongoski, Justin T. and Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {2919,
	title = {Aquifer-Scale Observations of Iron Redox Transformations in Arsenic-Impacted Environments to Predict Future Contamination},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology Letters},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Aug-12-2020},
	pages = {916 - 922},
	abstract = {Iron oxides control the mobility of a host of contaminants in aquifer systems, and the microbial reduction of iron oxides in the subsurface is linked to high levels of arsenic in groundwater that affects greater than 150 million people globally. Paired observations of groundwater and solid-phase aquifer composition are critical to understand spatial and temporal trends in contamination and effectively manage changing water resources, yet field-representative mineralogical data are sparse across redox gradients relevant to arsenic contamination. We characterize iron mineralogy using X-ray absorption spectroscopy across a natural gradient of groundwater arsenic contamination in Vietnam. Hierarchical cluster analysis classifies sediments into meaningful groups delineating weathering and redox changes, diagnostic of depositional history, in this first direct characterization of redox transformations in the field. Notably, these groupings reveal a signature of iron minerals undergoing active reduction before the onset of arsenic contamination in groundwater. Pleistocene sediments undergoing postdepositional reduction may be more extensive than previously recognized due to previous misclassification. By upscaling to similar environments in South and Southeast Asia via multinomial logistic regression modeling, we show that active iron reduction, and therefore susceptibility to future arsenic contamination, is more widely distributed in presumably pristine aquifers than anticipated.},
	keywords = {BANGLADESH, BENGAL BASIN, groundwater, PLEISTOCENE AQUIFER, POLLUTION, RELEASE, RIVER DELTA, Sediment, TRANSPORT, VIETNAM},
	issn = {2328-8930},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.estlett.0c0067210.1021/acs.estlett.0c00672.s00110.1021/acs.estlett.0c00672.s00210.1021/acs.estlett.0c00672.s00310.1021/acs.estlett.0c00672.s004},
	url = {https://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\&SrcApp=search\&SrcAuth=Alerting\&SID=8AkJOJLKFU3j5nkGaRI\&customersID=Alerting\&mode=FullRecord\&IsProductCode=Yes\&AlertId=4d48b20a-7d27-4fa2-},
	author = {Nghiem, Athena A. and Shen, Yating and Stahl, Mason and Sun, Jing and Haque, Ezazul and DeYoung, Beck and Nguyen, Khue N. and Thi Mai, Tran and Trang, Pham Thi Kim and Pham, Hung Viet and Mailloux, Brian and Harvey, Charles F. and van Geen, Alexander and Bostick, Benjam{\'\i}n C.}
}
@article {2675,
	title = {Biomass-Derived Provenance Dominates Glacial Surface Organic Carbon in the Western HimalayaBiomass-Derived Provenance Dominates Glacial Surface Organic Carbon in the Western Himalaya},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Sep-07-2021},
	pages = {8612 - 8621},
	abstract = {The origin, transport pathway, and spatial variability of total organic carbon (OC) in the western Himalayan glaciers are poorly understood compared to those of black carbon (BC) and dust, but it is critically important to evaluate the climatic role of OC in the region. By applying the distribution of OC activation energy; C-14 activity; and radiogenic isotopes of Pb-208/Pb-204, (207)pb/(204)pb and (206)pb/Pb-204 in glacial debris and atmospheric particulate matter (PM10 size fraction), we demonstrate that 98.3 +/- 1.6 and 1.7 +/- 1.6\% of OC in western Himalayan glaciers are derived from biomass and petrogenic sources, respectively. The (delta C-13 and N/C composition indicates that the biomass is a complex mixture of C3 vegetation and autochthonous photoautotrophic input modified by heterotrophic microbial activity. The data set reveals that the studied western Himalayan glacier has negligible contributions from fossil-fuel- derived particles, which contrasts to the central and eastern Himalayan glaciers that have significant contributions from fossil fuel sources. We show that this spatial variability of OC sources relates to regional differences in air mass transport pathways and precipitation regimes over the Himalaya. Moreover, our observation suggests that biomass-derived carbon could be the only primary driver of carbon-induced glacier melting in the western Himalaya.},
	keywords = {; MASS BALANCES, AEROSOLS, ALBEDO REDUCTION, ATMOSPHERIC LEAD, BLACK CARBON, DUST TRANSPOR, isotopic composition, PB, SNOW ALBEDO, TIBETAN PLATEAU},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.0c0271010.1021/acs.est.0c02710.s001},
	url = {https://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\&SrcApp=search\&SrcAuth=Alerting\&SID=8Aqj2WiW4A71bymjSli\&customersID=Alerting\&mode=FullRecord\&IsProductCode=Yes\&AlertId=ab9062f8-b111-4f95-},
	author = {Nizam, Sarwar and Sen, Indra S. and Vinoj, Velu and Galy, Valier and Selby, David and Azam, Mohammad F. and Pandey, Satyendra K. and Creaser, Robert A. and Agarwal, Avinash K. and Singh, Akhilendra P. and Bizimis, Michael}
}
@article {2776,
	title = {Identifying the Greatest Earthquakes of the Past 2000 Years at the Nehalem River Estuary, Northern Oregon Coast, USA},
	journal = {Open Quaternary},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Feb-01-2021},
	abstract = {We infer a history of three great megathrust earthquakes during the past 2000 years at the Nehalem River estuary based on the lateral extent of sharp (<=3 mm) peat-mud stratigraphic contacts in cores and outcrops, coseismic subsidence as interpreted from fossil diatom assemblages and reconstructed with foraminiferal assemblages using a Bayesian transfer function, and regional correlation of 14C-modeled ages for the times of subsidence. A subsidence contact from 1700 CE (contact A), sometimes overlain by tsunami-deposited sand, can be traced over distances of 7 km. Contacts B and D, which record subsidence during two earlier megathrust earthquakes, are much less extensive but are traced across a 700-m by 270-m tidal marsh. Although some other Cascadia studies report evidence for an earthquake between contacts B and D, our lack of extensive evidence for such an earthquake may result from the complexities of preserving identifiable evidence of it in the rapidly shifting shoreline environments of the lower river and bay. Ages (95\% intervals) and subsidence for contacts are: A, 1700 CE (1.1 {\textpm} 0.5 m); B, 942{\textendash}764 cal a BP (0.7 {\textpm} 0.4 m and 1.0 m {\textpm} 0.4 m); and D, 1568{\textendash}1361 cal a BP (1.0 m {\textpm} 0.4 m). Comparisons of contact subsidence and the degree of overlap of their modeled ages with ages for other Cascadia sites are consistent with megathrust ruptures many hundreds of kilometers long. But these data cannot conclusively distinguish among different types or lengths of ruptures recorded by the three great earthquake contacts at the Nehalem River estuary.},
	keywords = {Bayesian transfer function, Cascadia subduction zone, Coseismic subsidence, earthquake hazards, Paleoseismology, salt-marsh stratigraphy, Sea-level changes, tidal foraminifera and diatoms},
	doi = {10.5334/oq.70},
	url = {http://www.openquaternary.com/articles/10.5334/oq.70/},
	author = {Nelson, Alan R. and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Sawai, Yuki and Engelhart, Simon E. and Witter, Rob and Grant-Walter, Wendy C. and Bradley, Lee-Ann and Dura, Tina and Cahill, Niamh and Horton, Ben}
}
@article {2917,
	title = {Inferring Life History Characteristics of the Oceanic Whitetip Shark Carcharhinus longimanus From Vertebral Bomb Radiocarbon},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Dec-11-2020},
	abstract = {Oceanic whitetip sharks Carcharhinus longimanus are a cosmopolitan epipelagic species that was once prolific throughout the tropics and subtropics but was recently listed as Critically Endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and as Threatened under the United States Endangered Species Act. Although historically conspicuous in oceanic fisheries catches, relatively little is known about their habitat use, movement, and life history during migration. Given the paucity of data on migratory patterns and lack of age estimate validation available for this species, we evaluated vertebral growth bands for bomb radiocarbon (C-14) patterns to derive additional information on these metrics. Individual growth bands (n = 62) were milled from vertebrae of eight individuals caught in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Age estimates based on vertebral growth bands ranged 1-13 years, with capture dates spanning 1978-2004. Plots of vertebral Delta C-14 relative to regional coral, shark, and fish otolith reference curves suggest age estimates based on presumed annual growth bands were accurate, although specimens were not old enough to capture the most informative portion of the bomb radiocarbon reference period. The magnitude of Delta C-14 varied among individuals, and individual chronologies demonstrated semi-cyclic patterns of Delta C-14 depletion and subsequent enrichment, which may be indicative of changes to diet as a function of annual migratory patterns and is supported by recently published telemetry, diet, and stable isotope studies. Although these data are preliminary in nature, they provide some evidence that Delta C-14 patterns in vertebrae can serve as a multi-purpose tool for life history studies of oceanic sharks.},
	keywords = {Age validation, Carbon-14, diet, family Carcharhinidae, migration, Vertebrae},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2020.581775},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.581775/fullhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.581775/full},
	author = {Passerotti, Michelle S. and Andrews, Allen H. and Natanson, Lisa J.}
}
@booklet {2943,
	title = {Inferring life history characteristics of the oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus from vertebral bomb radiocarbon [Poster]},
	year = {2020},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/27806},
	url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1912/27806},
	author = {Passerotti, Michelle S. and Andrews, Allen H. and Natanson, Lisa J.}
}
@article {2858,
	title = {Paleoenvironmental context for the Late Pleistocene appearance of Didymosphenia in a North American alpine lake},
	journal = {Aquatic Sciences},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-01-2020},
	abstract = {The nuisance species Didymosphenia geminata is thought to have been spread by humans across North and South America and New Zealand. This diatom is of interest for its ability to form thick benthic mats in streams, altering ecosystem properties. Little is known, however, about its historic distribution and the parameters that are associated with its growth in absence of human influence. Although it is considered to be native to Arctic regions, its status at lower latitudes is uncertain. We measured the concentration of D. geminata cells in a sediment core from Beauty Lake, WY, a record that dates back to the Late Pleistocene. From approximately 11,233{\textendash}8750 years before present (ybp), a Didymosphenia maximum persisted, with peak concentrations of 3774{\textpm}20 valves/mg dry sediment (9985 ybp). The period corresponded to low flux of Al, Fe, and P within the sediments, supporting the importance of low P in controlling distribution. Furthermore, we demonstrate that D. geminata arrived in Beauty Lake shortly after deglaciation of the watershed. This species arrived without the aid of human introduction, implying an inherent ability for dispersal. We also examined the sediment record of nearby Yellowstone Lake, WY for the presence of D. geminata during the same time interval, but cells were not detected. The Yellowstone caldera is composed of rhyolite, a rock rich in silica (Si) and modest amounts of P. We conclude that both watersheds were exposed to the potential colonization by D. geminata, but just as the North Island of New Zealand has not been able to support this diatom because of P concentrations exceeding a threshold, the Yellowstone watershed is not able to support it either.},
	issn = {1015-1621},
	doi = {10.1007/s00027-019-0681-9},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00027-019-0681-9},
	author = {Spaulding, Sarah A. and Stone, Jeffery R. and Norton, Stephen A. and Nurse, Andrea and Saros, Jasmine E.}
}
@article {2781,
	title = {Resolving sea ice dynamics in the north-western Ross Sea during the last 2.6 ka: From seasonal to millennial timescales},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {237},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-06-2020},
	pages = {106299},
	abstract = {Time-series analyses of satellite images reveal that sea ice extent in the Ross Sea has experienced significant changes over the last 40 years, likely triggered by large-scale atmospheric anomalies. However, resolving how sea ice in the Ross Sea has changed over longer timeframes has until now remained more elusive. Here we used a laminated sediment piston core (14.6 m) collected from the Edisto inlet (Western Ross Sea) to reconstruct fast ice dynamics over the last 2.6 ka. Our goal was to first understand the climate expression of selected well-defined sediment laminae and then use these characteristics for reconstructing past sea ice behaviour across the whole sedimentary sequence. We used the recently established sea ice diatom biomarker proxy IPSO25 in combination with diatom census counts and bulk analyses. Analyses performed on a suite of discrete laminae revealed statistically significant differences between dark and light laminae reflecting different depositional conditions. Based on their respective biogeochemical fingerprints, we infer that dark laminae accumulated during sea ice thaws in early summer. Under these conditions, laminae contain relatively high concentrations of IPSO25 and display an enriched δ13C composition for the bulk organic matter (OM). While diatom assemblages in dark laminae are relatively homogenous, as the thaw continues later in the summer, Corethron pennatum becomes the dominant diatom species, resulting in the formation of light laminae characterized by low IPSO25 concentrations. Since C. pennatum can migrate vertically through the water column to uptake nutrients and avoid competition in oligotrophic waters, its high concentration likely reflects stratified and ice-free surface waters typical of late summer.

Down-core trends show that the correlation between sediment brightness and geochemical fingerprint (i.e., IPSO25 and δ13C) holds throughout the record. Based on the knowledge gained at lamina level, our down-core high-resolution reconstruction shows that the summer fast ice coverage changed dramatically during the late Holocene. Specifically, we conclude that the Edisto inlet experienced regular early summer opening between 2.6 ka, and ca. 0.7 ka, after which, coastal fast ice persisted during summer months and ice-free conditions became less frequent. Comparison with previous regional ice core data suggests that the sudden cooling recorded over the Victoria Land Coast region since 0.7 ka might potentially explain our observation of persistent summer fast ice in the Western Ross Sea. Our study has shown that multi-proxy data derived from laminated sediments can provide hitherto unknown detail regarding past summer sea ice dynamics in coastal Antarctic regions.},
	keywords = {Fast ice, IPSO25, Laminated sediments, Ross Sea, Sea ice},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106299},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379120302614},
	author = {Tesi, T. and Belt, S.T. and Gariboldi, K. and Muschitiello, F. and Smik, L. and Finocchiaro, F. and Giglio, F. and Colizza, E. and Gazzurra, G. and Giordano, P. and Morigi, C. and Capotondi, L. and Nogarotto, A. and K{\"o}seo{\u g}lu, D. and Di Roberto, A. and Gallerani, A. and Langone, L.}
}
@article {2834,
	title = {Sedimentary evidence of prehistoric distant-source tsunamis in the Hawaiian Islands},
	journal = {Sedimentology},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-04-2020},
	pages = {1249 - 1273},
	abstract = {Over the past 200 years of written records, the Hawaiian Islands have experienced tens of tsunamis generated by earthquakes in the subduction zones of the Pacific {\textquoteleft}Ring of Fire{\textquoteright} (for example, Alaska{\textendash}Aleutian, Kuril{\textendash}Kamchatka, Chile and Japan). Mapping and dating anomalous beds of sand and silt deposited by tsunamis in low-lying areas along Pacific coasts, even those distant from subduction zones, is critical for assessing tsunami hazard throughout the Pacific basin. This study searched for evidence of tsunami inundation using stratigraphic and sedimentological analyses of potential tsunami deposits beneath present and former Hawaiian wetlands, coastal lagoons, and river floodplains. Coastal wetland sites on the islands of Hawai΄i, Maui, O΄ahu and Kaua΄i were selected based on historical tsunami runup, numerical inundation modelling, proximity to sandy source sediments, degree of historical wetland disturbance, and breadth of prior geological and archaeological investigations. Sand beds containing marine calcareous sediment within peaty and/or muddy wetland deposits on the north and north-eastern shores of Kaua΄i, O΄ahu and Hawai΄i were interpreted as tsunami deposits. At some sites, deposits of the 1946 and 1957 Aleutian tsunamis are analogues for deeper, older probable tsunami deposits. Radiocarbon-based age models date sand beds from three sites to ca 700 to 500 cal yr bp, which overlaps ages for tsunami deposits in the eastern Aleutian Islands that record a local subduction zone earthquake. The overlapping modelled ages for tsunami deposits at the study sites support a plausible correlation with an eastern Aleutian earthquake source for a large prehistoric tsunami in the Hawaiian Islands.},
	keywords = {Aleutians, deposit, distant source, extreme events, Hawai΄i, palaeotsunami},
	issn = {0037-0746},
	doi = {10.1111/sed.12623},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sed.12623},
	author = {La Selle, SeanPaul and Richmond, Bruce M. and Jaffe, Bruce E. and Nelson, Alan R. and Griswold, Frances R. and Arcos, Maria E. M. and Chagu{\'e}, Catherine and Bishop, James M. and Bellanova, Piero and Kane, Haunani H. and Lunghino, Brent D. and Gelfenbaum, Guy},
	editor = {Costa, Pedro}
}
@article {2673,
	title = {Two-Phase Synthesis of Taxol},
	journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
	volume = {142},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Oct-06-2020},
	pages = {10526 - 10533},
	abstract = {Taxol (a brand name for paclitaxel) is widely regarded as among the most famed natural isolates ever discovered, and has been the subject of innumerable studies in both basic and applied science. Its documented success as an anticancer agent, coupled with early concerns over supply, stimulated a furious worldwide effort from chemists to provide a solution for its preparation through total synthesis. Those pioneering studies proved the feasibility of retrosynthetically guided access to synthetic Taxol, albeit in minute quantities and with enormous effort. In practice, all medicinal chemistry efforts and eventual commercialization have relied upon natural (plant material) or biosynthetically derived (synthetic biology) supplies. Here we show how a complementary divergent synthetic approach that is holistically patterned off of biosynthetic machinery for terpene synthesis can be used to arrive at Taxol.},
	keywords = {1ST TOTAL-SYNTHESIS, ANALOGS, chemistry, DIMETHYLDIOXIRANE, ENANTIOSELECTIVE TOTAL-SYNTHESIS, FORMAL TOTAL-SYNTHESIS, PINENE PATH, RING, STEREOCONTROLLED SYNTHESIS, TAXANES},
	issn = {0002-7863},
	doi = {10.1021/jacs.0c0359210.1021/jacs.0c03592.s00110.1021/jacs.0c03592.s002},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.0c03592},
	author = {Kanda, Yuzuru and Nakamura, Hugh and Umemiya, Shigenobu and Puthukanoori, Ravi Kumar and Murthy Appala, Venkata Ramana and Gaddamanugu, Gopi Krishna and Paraselli, Bheema Rao and Baran, Phil S.}
}
@article {2716,
	title = {A 12,700-year history of paleolimnological change from an Andean microrefugium},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jul-02-2020},
	pages = {231 - 243},
	abstract = {We present a 12,6700-yr limnological history of Lake Miski, a high-elevation lake in a wet section of the Peruvian Andes. While many shallow Andean lakes dried up during the mid-Holocene, loss-on-ignition, magnetic susceptibility, and diatom analysis showed that Lake Miski was a constant feature in the landscape. Overall, fluctuations in the fossil diatom communities of Lake Miski tracked changes in insolation, but this was not the only mechanism influencing observed variability. We identify periods when insolation and interactions with the Pacific Ocean may have played a role in structuring local climate and diatom assemblages. The true mid-Holocene Dry Event (MHDE) is manifested in this record between 8000 and 5000 cal BP, but the carbonate stratigraphy and the diatom community indicated that although the level of the lake decreased, it never completely dried out, instead there was higher availability of planktic habitat and stronger mixing than in much of the Holocene. High rates of biological change observed during the late-Holocene in other records from Peru associated with human amplification of climatic signals were not observed in Lake Miski, as this lake may have been too wet and remote to be strongly influenced by human activity. Because of the presence of a woodland microrefugium, Lake Miski was suggested to have been an unusually climatically stable and wet location during the regional drying associated with the MHDE. Our new limnological information provides additional insights relating to this discussion. The presence of the observed woodland apparently withstood fluctuations that induced state changes in the lake and diatom flora, underscoring that microrefugia do not equate to {\textquoteleft}unchanging{\textquoteright} hydrologies or climates.},
	keywords = {Andes, diatoms, drought, enso, Holocene, limnology, microrefugia, mid-Holocene dry event, paleoecology},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683618810400},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683618810400},
	author = {de Novaes Nascimento, Majoi and Laurenzi, Anne Gail and Valencia, Bryan G and Van, Robert and Bush, Mark}
}
@article {2646,
	title = {Abrupt mid-Holocene ice loss in the western Weddell Sea Embayment of Antarctica},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {518},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-07-2019},
	pages = {127 - 135},
	abstract = {The glacial history of the westernmost Weddell Sea sector of Antarctica since the Last Glacial Maximum is virtually unknown, and yet it has been identified as critical for improving reliability of glacio-isostatic adjustment models that are required to correct satellite-derived estimates of ice sheet mass balance. Better knowledge of the glacial history of this region is also important for validating ice sheet models that are used to predict future contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet to sea level rise. Here we present a new Holocene deglacial chronology from a site on the Lassiter Coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, which is situated in the western Weddell Sea sector. Samples from 12 erratic cobbles and 18 bedrock surfaces from a series of presently-exposed ridges were analysed for cosmogenic Be-10 exposure dating, and a smaller suite of 7 bedrock samples for in situ C-14 dating. The resulting Be-10 ages are predominantly in the range 80-690 ka, whereas bedrock yielded much younger in situ C-14 ages, in the range 6.0-7.5 ka for samples collected from 138-385 m above the modern ice surface. From these we infer that the ice sheet experienced a period of abrupt thinning over a short time interval (no more than 2700 years) in the mid-Holocene, resulting in lowering of its surface by at least 250 m. Any late Holocene change in ice sheet thickness - such as re-advance, postulated by several modelling studies - must lie below the present ice sheet surface. The substantial difference in exposure ages derived from Be-10 and C-14 dating for the same samples additionally implies ubiquitous Be-10 inheritance acquired during ice-free periods prior to the last deglaciation, an interpretation that is consistent with our glacial-geomorphological field observations for former cold-based ice cover. The results of this study provide evidence for an episode of abrupt ice sheet surface lowering in the mid-Holocene, similar in rate, timing and magnitude to at least two other locations in Antarctica.},
	keywords = {Antarctica, cosmogenic dating in situ 14C, Holocene, Weddell Sea ice sheet},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2019.05.002},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X19302638},
	author = {Johnson, Joanne S. and Nichols, Keir A. and Goehring, Brent M. and Balco, Greg and Schaefer, Joerg M.}
}
@article {2703,
	title = {Comparing and improving methods for reconstructing peatland water-table depth from testate amoebae},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-08-2020},
	pages = {1350 - 1361},
	abstract = {Proxies that use changes in the composition of ecological communities to reconstruct temporal changes in an environmental covariate are commonly used in paleoclimatology and paleolimnology. Existing methods, such as weighted averaging and modern analog technique, relate compositional data to the covariate in very simple ways, and different methods are seldom compared systematically. We present a new Bayesian model that better represents the underlying data and the complexity in the relationships between species{\textquoteright} abundances and a paleoenvironmental covariate. Using testate amoeba{\textendash}based reconstructions of water-table depth as a test case, we systematically compare new and existing models in a cross-validation experiment on a large training dataset from North America. We then apply the different models to a new 7500-year record of testate amoeba assemblages from Caribou Bog in Maine and compare the resulting water-table depth reconstructions. We find that Bayesian models represent an improvement over existing methods in three key ways: more complete use of the underlying compositional data, full and meaningful treatment of uncertainty, and clear paths toward methodological improvements. Furthermore, we highlight how developing and systematically comparing methods lead to an improved understanding of the proxy system. This paper focuses on testate amoebae and water-table depth, but the framework and ideas are widely applicable to other proxies based on compositional data.},
	keywords = {Bayesian statistics, compositional data, Holocene, hydrology, North America, Northeast United States, Paleoclimate, peatlands, statistical methods, testate amoebae},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683619846969},
	url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683619846969},
	author = {Nolan, Connor and Tipton, John and Booth, Robert K and Hooten, Mevin B and Jackson, Stephen T}
}
@article {2677,
	title = {Coupled ocean and atmospheric changes during Greenland stadial 1 in southwestern Europe},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {212},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-05-2019},
	pages = {108 - 120},
	abstract = {Paleoclimate reconstructions suggest that the complex variability within the Greenland stadial 1 (GS-1) over western Europe was governed by coupled ocean and atmospheric changes. However, few works from the North Atlantic mid-latitudes document both the GS-1 onset and its termination, which are often considered as single abrupt transition events. Here, we present a direct comparison between marine (alkenone-based sea surface temperatures) and terrestrial (pollen) data, at very high resolution (28 years mean), from the southwestern Iberian shelf record D13882. Our results reveal a rather complex climatic period with internally changing conditions. The GS-1 onset (GS-1a: 12890-12720 yr BP) is marked by a progressive cooling and drying; GS-1b (12720-12390 yr BP) is the coldest and driest phase; GS-1c (12390-12030 yr BP) is marked by a progressive warming and increase in moisture conditions; GS-1 termination (GS-1d: 12030-11770 yr BP) is marked by rapid switches between cool wet, cold dry and cool wet conditions. Although hydroclimate response was very unsteady throughout the GS-1 and in particular during its termination phase, the persistence of an open temperate and Mediterranean forest in southwestern Iberia during the entire episode suggests that at least some moisture was delivered via the Westerlies. We propose coupled ocean and atmospheric mechanisms to reproduce these scenaria. Changes in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) as well as variations in the North Atlantic sea-ice growth have favoured the displacement of the polar jet stream{\textquoteright}s latitudinal position and contributed to a complex spatial pattern and strength of the Westerlies across western Europe.},
	keywords = {Climate variability, Greenland stadial, Iberian margin, Jet stream, Moisture availability, North Atlantic, Paleoclimate, Westerlies, Younger Dryas Complex},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.03.033},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332292599_Coupled_ocean_and_atmospheric_changes_during_Greenland_stadial_1_in_southwestern_Europe},
	author = {Naughton, F. and Costas, S. and Gomes, S.D. and Desprat, S. and Rodrigues, T. and Sanchez Go{\~n}i, M.F. and Renssen, H. and Trigo, R. and Bronk-Ramsey, C. and Oliveira, D. and Salgueiro, E. and Voelker, A.H.L. and Abrantes, F.}
}
@article {2775,
	title = {Evidence for frequent, large tsunamis spanning locked and creeping parts of the Aleutian megathrust},
	journal = {GSA Bulletin},
	volume = {131},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-05-2019},
	pages = {707 - 729},
	abstract = {At the eastern end of the 1957 Andreanof Islands, Alaska, USA, moment magnitude 8.6 earthquake rupture, Driftwood Bay (Umnak Island) and Stardust Bay (Sedanka Island) lie along presently locked and creeping parts of the Aleutian megathrust, respectively, based on satellite geodesy onshore. Both bays, located 200 km apart, face the Aleutian trench and harbor coastal evidence for tsunami inundation in 1957. Here we describe the evidence at Driftwood Bay, including eight sheets of landward-fining, normally-graded marine sand that extend up to 375 m inland and 23 m above mean tide level. Drift logs that corroborate historical accounts of 1957 tsunami runup on Umnak Island{\textquoteright}s Pacific coast overlie the youngest sand sheet, which 137Cs activity shows was deposited in the decade before 1963. The older sand sheets probably record tsunamis prior to 1957 because an emergent coastal terrace lacks evidence for storm-wave erosion and overwash since ca. 2 ka. Comparisons of the Driftwood Bay and Stardust Bay tsunami histories suggest that at least twice in the past 1700 years inundation occurred at one site but not the other. In contrast, Bayesian age-depth modeling suggests that the two bays may record five tsunamis like the 1957 tsunami, generated by earthquake ruptures that spanned the presently locked and creeping parts of the Aleutian megathrust. However, serial tsunamis occurring within days to centuries cannot be precluded. Our findings imply 164{\textendash}257-year recurrence intervals for large eastern Aleutian tsunamis and challenge the notion that creeping parts of the megathrust, inferred from geodesy onshore, pose lower earthquake and tsunami hazards than locked areas.},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/B32031.110.1130/2018296},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article/131/5-6/707/566656/Evidence-for-frequent-large-tsunamis-spanning},
	author = {Witter, Rob and Briggs, Rich and Engelhart, Simon E. and Gelfenbaum, Guy and Koehler, Rich D. and Nelson, Alan and Selle, SeanPaul La and Corbett, Reide and Wallace, Kristi}
}
@article {2796,
	title = {A fully automated system for the extraction of in situ cosmogenic carbon-14 in the Tulane University cosmogenic nuclide laboratory},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {455},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-09-2019},
	pages = {284 - 292},
	abstract = {During 2015 and culminating in early 2016, we acquired a new Carbon Extraction and Graphitization System (CEGS) from Aeon Laboratories, L.L.C. (hereafter, {\textquotedblleft}Aeon{\textquotedblright}), and adapted it for in situ cosmogenic sample processing. The Tulane University CEGS (TU-CEGS) is fully automated starting from sample insertion into the tube furnace to generation of graphite material ready for accelerator mass spectrometry cathode preparation. The system implements an integrated sequence of sample processing functions: extraction/collection, purification, measurement, and graphite production, which are all integrated into one unified system. The extraction portion is derived from evolving designs of fusions of quartz via lithium metaborate (LiBO2) flux. A critical analysis of system design in concert with analysis of process parameters yield a nearly order of magnitude increase in sample throughput with total samples processed in our laboratory (320 since installation) with consistent process blank levels (0.98 {\textpm} 0.32 {\texttimes} 105 atoms 14C, n = 26) and secondary standard values (0.4953 {\textpm} 0.0012 Fm, n = 8). In this paper we detail system design, process algorithm, and line performance including system blanks and the results from the CRONUS-A (6.12 {\textpm} 0.32 {\texttimes} 105 atoms g-1 14C, n = 13) interlaboratory comparison material.},
	keywords = {Automation, Cosmogenic nuclide, In situ carbon-14},
	issn = {0168583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2019.02.006},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168583X19300771},
	author = {Goehring, Brent M. and Wilson, Jim and Nichols, Keir}
}
@article {2793,
	title = {Glacial geology and cosmogenic-nuclide exposure ages from the Tucker Glacier - Whitehall Glacier confluence, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica},
	journal = {American Journal of Science},
	volume = {319},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Oct-04-2019},
	pages = {255 - 286},
	abstract = {We describe glacial-geological observations and cosmogenic-nuclide exposure ages from the vicinity of the present grounding line of Tucker Glacier, a large alpine glacier flowing from the mountains of northern Victoria Land, East Antarctica, into the outer Ross Sea. These data are relevant for constraining the extent of ice sheet expansion and retreat in the Ross Sea, and associated eustatic sea level impact, between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the present. In addition, a terrestrial geological record of ice thickness change from this region could provide evidence for or against the hypothesis that rapid eustatic sea-level rise during meltwater pulse 1A ({\textquotedblleft}MWP-1A{\textquotedblright}) at 14.6 ka was in part the result of rapid, large-scale thinning or breakup of a marine-based portion of the LGM ice sheet in the outer Ross Sea. Glacial-geological observations, exposure ages on glacial deposits, and a novel application of in-situ-produced cosmogenic 14C in quartz-bearing bedrock to identify the limits of LGM ice cover in the absence of direct geomorphic evidence, show that Tucker Glacier near its present grounding line was 300 to 350 m thicker than present during the LGM and thinned steadily between 17 to 5 ka. The largest possible rapid thickness change in the time period 14 to 15 ka that could be accommodated by the exposure-age data is \~{}50 m, which is a small fraction of that predicted for the western Ross Sea by model simulations of the Antarctic contribution to MWP-1A. There do exist possible scenarios in which hypothesized marine ice sheet collapse in the outer Ross Sea during MWP-1A might not be recorded by ice thickness changes at Tucker Glacier. However, our record of ice thickness changes spanning this time period is the closest such record to the outer Ross Sea that is likely to exist, and it agrees with all exposure-age deglaciation chronologies from other regions of the Ross embayment in providing no evidence for such an event.},
	keywords = {Antarctica, cosmogenic-nuclide geochemistry, exposure-dating, glacial geology, Last glacial maximum, Ross Sea, Tucker Glacier, Victoria Land},
	issn = {0002-9599},
	doi = {10.2475/04.2019.01},
	url = {http://www.ajsonline.org/lookup/doi/10.2475/04.2019.01},
	author = {Balco, Greg and Todd, Claire and Goehring, Brent M. and Moening-Swanson, Isaac and Nichols, Keir}
}
@article {2682,
	title = {Growth and longevity of Hawaiian grouper (Hyporthodus quernus) {\textemdash} input for management and conservation of a large, slow-growing grouper},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-10-2019},
	pages = {1874 - 1884},
	abstract = {Hawaiian grouper (Hyporthodus quernus) is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands and is regionally important, yet little is known about its life history. This large species is managed within the Deep 7 bottom fish complex, which includes six snapper species that are assumed to have similar life history traits. Previous age estimates were not validated and suggested a maximum age of 34 years. To evaluate the preliminary study and provide a valid basis for life history parameters, we aged otoliths using bomb radiocarbon (14C) dating. Measured 14C values provided ages for smallest to largest fish that differed from the original study. The fundamental information provided here when evaluating Hawaiian grouper conservation status is longevity (valid to 50 years and estimated to 76 years) {\textemdash} no male sampled was <80 cm total length (TL) and younger than 34 years {\textemdash} and age-at-sexual maturity and age-at-sex change, which were indirectly estimated and compared with prior published estimates for this and other groupers. Updated life history parameters (k = 0.078, L$\infty$ = 95.8 cm TL) should be used to improve future management and conservation assessments.},
	issn = {0706-652X},
	doi = {10.1139/cjfas-2018-0170},
	url = {https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/full/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0170},
	author = {Andrews, Allen H. and DeMartini, Edward E. and Brodziak, Jon and Nichols, Ryan S. and Humphreys, Robert L.}
}
@inbook {2906,
	title = {History and Mystery of Age and Growth Studies in Elasmobranchs: Common Methods and Room for Improvement},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {178-194},
	abstract = {Age determination is a fundamental field of study that is of critical importance to management and conservation of a species. Determining population demographics can only be accomplished with the input of age data; yet, despite years of age determination efforts, it continues to be one of the most challenging and nuanced aspects of life history investigation in elasmobranchs. A variety of methods have been used to determine ages in elasmobranchs, some successful and some not. New techniques to obtain accurate and precise ages are being developed, and it is important to recognize the value of both old and new methodologies.},
	isbn = {9781315317106},
	author = {Andrews, Allen and Natanson, Lisa and Wintner, Sabine and Passerotti, Michelle}
}
@article {2863,
	title = {Holocene Vegetation, Climate, and Carbon History on Western Kodiak Island, Alaska},
	journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Sep-04-2019},
	abstract = {At Phalarope Pond, western Kodiak Island, a multidisciplinary study using pollen and spores, macrofossils, stable isotopes, and carbon accumulation provides the Holocene vegetation and climate history following the deglaciation that began over 16,000 cal years ago (yr BP). Following a cold and dry Younger Dryas, a warm and wet early Holocene was characterized by abundant ferns in a sedge tundra environment with maximum carbon accumulation, similar to high latitude peatlands globally. About 8,700 cal yr BP sedge and ferns declined and climate remained warm as drier conditions prevailed, limiting carbon sequestration. The abrupt shift in D/H isotopes of about 60\% indicates a shift to cooler conditions or a more distal moisture source. Neoglaciation beginning about 3,700 cal yr BP is evident from increases in Artemisia, Empetrum and Betula, signifying cooler conditions, while Alnus declines, paralleling regional trends.},
	doi = {10.3389/feart.2019.00061},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2019.00061/full},
	author = {Peteet, Dorothy M. and Nichols, Jonathan E. and Mann, Daniel H.}
}
@article {2792,
	title = {Isolation of quartz for cosmogenic in situ 14C analysis},
	journal = {Geochronology},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-01-2019},
	pages = {43 - 52},
	abstract = {Froth flotation is a commonly used procedure for separating feldspars and micas from quartz for the preparation of quartz mineral separates to carry out cosmogenic nuclide analysis. Whilst extracting carbon from quartz we observed in situ carbon-14 (14C) concentrations which were anomalously high and in excess of theoretical geological maximum concentrations. Further etching of sample material reduced carbon yields and 14C concentrations, yet the latter remained unrealistically high. When quartz from the original whole rock sample was isolated in our laboratory, we observed even lower carbon yields and geologically plausible in situ 14C concentrations. After ruling out unlikely geological scenarios and systematic measurement issues, we decided to investigate the quartz isolation procedure as a potential source of 14C contamination. We hypothesised that laurylamine (dodecylamine), an organic compound used as part of the froth flotation procedure, elevates 14C concentrations if residual laurylamine is present. We demonstrate that laurylamine has a 14C modern carbon source and thus has the potential to influence in situ 14C measurements if present in minute but measurable quantities. Furthermore, we show that insufficient sample etching results in contaminant 14C persisting through the step heating of quartz that is subsequently collected with the in situ component released at 1100 oC. We demonstrate that froth flotation contaminates in situ 14C measurements. We provide guidelines for the preparation of quartz based on methods developed in our laboratory and demonstrate that all froth-flotation-derived carbon and 14C is removed when applied. We recommend that the procedures presented be used at a minimum when using froth flotation to isolate quartz for in situ 14C measurements.},
	doi = {10.5194/gchron-1-43-2019},
	url = {https://gchron.copernicus.org/articles/1/43/2019/},
	author = {Nichols, Keir A. and Goehring, Brent M.}
}
@article {2785,
	title = {Lake-level variability in Salar de Coipasa, Bolivia during the past \~{}40,000 yrAbstract},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-03-2019},
	pages = {881 - 891},
	abstract = {Various paleoclimatic records have been used to reconstruct the hydrologic history of the Altiplano, relating this history to past variability of the South American summer monsoon. Prior studies of the southern Altiplano, the location of the world{\textquoteright}s largest salt flat, the Salar de Uyuni, and its neighbor, the Salar de Coipasa, generally agree in their reconstructions of the climate history of the past \~{}24 ka. Some studies, however, have highly divergent climatic records and interpretations of earlier periods. In this study, lake-level variation was reconstructed from a \~{}14-m-long sediment core from the Salar de Coipasa. These sediments span the last \~{}40 ka. Lacustrine sediment accumulation was apparently continuous in the basin from \~{}40 to 6 ka, with dry or very shallow conditions afterward. The fossil diatom stratigraphy and geochemical data (δ13C, δ15N, \%Ca, C/N) indicate fluctuations in lake level from shallow to moderately deep, with the deepest conditions correlative with the Heinrich-1 and Younger Dryas events. The stratigraphy shows a continuous lake of variable depth and salinity during the last glacial maximum and latter stages of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 and is consistent with environmental inferences and the original chronology of a drill core from Salar de Uyuni.},
	keywords = {Altiplano, Andes, Paleoclimate, paleohydrology, Paleolake, South America},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1017/qua.2018.108},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033589418001084/type/journal_article},
	author = {Nunnery, J. Andrew and Fritz, Sherilyn C. and Baker, Paul A. and Salenbien, Wout}
}
@article {2842,
	title = {Mid-late Holocene rainfall variation in Taiwan: A high-resolution multi-proxy record unravels the dual influence of the Asian monsoon and ENSO},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {516},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-02-2019},
	pages = {139 - 151},
	abstract = {Taiwan is particularly sensitive to changes in monsoonal precipitation and to typhoon-induced heavy precipitation events, however, rainfall variability in Taiwan on centennial and millennial time scales during the Holocene has not been well understood. This study describes mid-Holocene rainfall features of Taiwan based on pollen, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and C/N ratio records of core MD05-2908. The step-wise increase in sedimentation rate, fern spore percentage and concentration, TOC content, and C/N ratio suggests an increasing terrestrial material supply due to the intensified rainfall in Taiwan since 6800 cal. yr BP. This rainfall pattern shows an inverse pattern to the decreasing East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) strength represented by the multi-proxy records from North China. Variation of the East Asian summer circulation and associated moisture transport may account for the long-term rainfall changes in Taiwan. Superimposed on this trend, we interpreted three prominent rainfall changes, which focus on the periods of 6800{\textendash}6600, 1090{\textendash}880 and 490{\textendash}190 cal. yr BP. These centennial time scale rainfall variations in our records are linked to the intensity of El-Ni{\~n}o Southern Oscillations.},
	keywords = {C/N ratio, Fern spore, La Ni{\~n}a, Okinawa Trough, tropical cyclone},
	issn = {00310182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.11.026},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031018218303444},
	author = {Chen, Jinxia and Li, Tiegang and Nan, Qingyun and Shi, Xuefa and Liu, Yanguang and Jiang, Bo and Zou, Jianjun and Selvaraj, Kandasamy and Li, Dongling and Li, ChuanShun}
}
@article { ISI:000476997800003,
	title = {MULTI-SUBSTRATE RADIOCARBON DATA CONSTRAIN DETRITAL AND RESERVOIR EFFECTS IN HOLOCENE SEDIMENTS OF THE GREAT SALT LAKE, UTAH},
	journal = {RADIOCARBON},
	volume = {61},
	number = {4},
	year = {2019},
	month = {AUG},
	pages = {905-926},
	abstract = {The radiocarbon (C-14) content of simultaneously deposited substrates in lacustrine archives may differ due to reservoir and detrital effects, complicating the development of age models and interpretation of proxy records. Multi-substrate C-14 studies quantifying these effects remain rare, however, particularly for large, terminal lake systems, which are excellent recorders of regional hydroclimate change. We report C-14 ages of carbonates, brine shrimp cysts, algal mat biomass, total organic carbon (TOC), terrestrial macrofossils, and n-alkane biomarkers from Holocene sediments of the Great Salt Lake (GSL), Utah. C-14 ages for co-deposited aquatic organic substrates are generally consistent, with small offsets that may reflect variable terrestrial organic matter inputs to the system. Carbonates and long-chain n-alkanes derived from vascular plants, however, are similar to 1000-4000 C-14 years older than other substrates, reflecting deposition of pre-aged detrital materials. All lacustrine substrates are C-14-depleted compared to terrestrial macrofossils, suggesting that the reservoir age of the GSL was > 1200 years throughout most of the Holocene, far greater than the modern reservoir age of the lake (similar to 300 years). These results suggest good potential for multi-substrate paleoenvironmental reconstruction from Holocene GSL sediments but point to limitations including reservoir-induced uncertainty in( 14)C chronologies and attenuation and time-shifting of some proxy signals due to detrital effects.},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2019.62},
	author = {Bowen, Gabriel J. and Nielson, Kristine E. and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {2794,
	title = {New Last Glacial Maximum ice thickness constraints for the Weddell Sea Embayment, Antarctica},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-01-2019},
	pages = {2935 - 2951},
	abstract = {We describe new Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ice thickness constraints for three locations spanning the Weddell Sea Embayment (WSE) of Antarctica. Samples collected from the Shackleton Range, Pensacola Mountains, and the Lassiter Coast constrain the LGM thickness of the Slessor Glacier, Foundation Ice Stream, and grounded ice proximal to the modern Ronne Ice Shelf edge on the Antarctic Peninsula, respectively. Previous attempts to reconstruct LGM-to-present ice thickness changes around the WSE used measurements of long-lived cosmogenic nuclides, primarily Be-10. An absence of post-LGM apparent exposure ages at many sites led to LGM thickness reconstructions that were spatially highly variable and inconsistent with flow line modelling. Estimates for the contribution of the ice sheet occupying the WSE at the LGM to global sea level since deglaciation vary by an order of magnitude, from 1.4 to 14.1m of sea level equivalent. Here we use a short-lived cosmogenic nuclide, in situ-produced C-14, which is less susceptible to inheritance problems than Be-10 and other long-lived nuclides. We use in situ C-14 to evaluate the possibility that sites with no post-LGM exposure ages are biased by cosmogenic nuclide inheritance due to surface preservation by cold-based ice and non-deposition of LGM-aged drift. Our measurements show that the Slessor Glacier was between 310 and up to 655m thicker than present at the LGM. The Foundation Ice Stream was at least 800m thicker, and ice on the Lassiter Coast was at least 385m thicker than present at the LGM. With evidence for LGM thickening at all of our study sites, our in situ C-14 measurements indicate that the long-lived nuclide measurements of previous studies were influenced by cosmogenic nuclide inheritance. Our inferred LGM configuration, which is primarily based on minimum ice thickness constraints and thus does not constrain an upper limit, indicates a relatively modest contribution to sea level rise since the LGM of < 4.6 m, and possibly as little as < 1.5 m.},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-13-2935-2019},
	url = {http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/526081/},
	author = {Nichols, Keir A. and Goehring, Brent M. and Balco, Greg and Johnson, Joanne S. and Hein, Andrew S. and Todd, Claire}
}
@article {2857,
	title = {Temperature-controlled tundra fire severity and frequency during the last millennium in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-07-2019},
	pages = {1223 - 1233},
	abstract = {Wildfire is an important disturbance to Arctic tundra ecosystems. In the coming decades, tundra fire frequency, intensity, and extent are projected to increase because of anthropogenic climate change. To more accurately predict the effects of climate change on tundra fire regimes, it is critical to have detailed knowledge of the natural frequency and extent of past wildfires and how they responded to past climate variability. We present analyses of fire frequency and temperature from a lake sediment core from the Yukon-Kuskokwim (YK) Delta. Our ca. 1000 macroscopic charcoal record shows more frequent but possibly less severe tundra fires during the first half of the last millennium, whereas less frequent, possibly more severe fires characterize the latter half. Our temperature reconstruction, based on distributional changes of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs), shows slightly warmer conditions from ca. AD 1000 to 1500, and cooler conditions thereafter (ca. AD 1500 to 2000), suggesting that fire frequency increases when climate is relatively warmer in this region. When wildfires occur more frequently, fire severity may decrease because of limited biomass (fuel source) accumulating between fires. The data suggest that tundra ecosystems are highly sensitive to climate change, and that a warmer climate, which is predicted to develop in the near future, will result in more frequent tundra wildfires.},
	keywords = {alaska, Arctic, charcoal, glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), late-holocene, Paleoclimate, Paleofire},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683619838036},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683619838036},
	author = {Sae-Lim, Jarunetr and Russell, James M and Vachula, Richard S and Holmes, Robert M and Mann, Paul J and Schade, John D and Natali, Susan M}
}
@article {2774,
	title = {Testing the Utility of Geochemical Proxies to Reconstruct Holocene Coastal Environments and Relative Sea Level: A Case Study from Hungry Bay, Bermuda},
	journal = {Open Quaternary},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2019},
	month = {May-02-2019},
	abstract = {On low-lying, tropical and sub-tropical coastlines freshwater marshes may be replaced by salt-tolerant mangroves in response to relative sea-level rise. Pollen analysis of radiocarbon-dated sediment cores showed that such a change occurred in Hungry Bay, Bermuda during the late Holocene. This well-established paleoenvironmental trajectory provides an opportunity to explore if geochemical proxies (bulk-sediment δ13C and Rock-Eval pyrolysis) can reconstruct known environmental changes and relative sea level. We characterized surface sediment from depositional environments in Bermuda (freshwater wetlands, saline mangroves, and wrack composed of Sargassum natans macroalgae) using geochemical measurements and demonstrate that a multi-proxy approach can objectively distinguish among these environments. However, application of these techniques to the transgressive sediment succession beneath Hungry Bay suggests that freshwater peat and mangrove peat cannot be reliably distinguished in the sedimentary record, possibly because of post-depositional convergence of geochemical characteristics on decadal to multi-century timescales and/or the relatively small number of modern samples analyzed. Sediment that includes substantial contributions from Sargassum is readily identified by geochemistry, but has a limited spatial extent. Radiocarbon dating indicates that beginning at {\textendash}700 CE, episodic marine incursions into Hungry Bay (e.g., during storms) carried Sargassum that accumulated as wrack and thickened through repeated depositional events until ~300 CE. It took a further ~550 years for a peat-forming mangrove community to colonize Hungry Bay, which then accumulated sediment rapidly, but likely out of equilibrium with regional relative sea-level rise.},
	keywords = {mangrove, radiocarbon, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, Sargassum, δ13C},
	doi = {10.5334/oq.49},
	url = {http://www.openquaternary.com/articles/10.5334/oq.49/},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C. and Vane, Christopher H. and Khan, Nicole S. and Ellison, Joanna C. and Engelhart, Simon E. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Nikitina, Daria and Smith, Struan R. and Rodrigues, Lisa J. and Moyer, Ryan P.}
}
@article {2612,
	title = {Climate variability and cultural eutrophication at Walden Pond (Massachusetts, USA) during the last 1800 years},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {131786944304936355638925103443261363251824210727417625108525645371825392233490545519069849653235772249},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Apr-04-2018},
	pages = {e0191755},
	abstract = {Recent shifts in the ecological condition of Walden Pond, MA, are of
potentially wide interest due to the lake{\textquoteright}s importance as a cultural,
historical, and recreational resource in addition to its scientific
value as an indicator of local and global environmental change. Algal
microfossils in six sediment cores document changes in hydroclimate and
trophic status of the lake during the last 1800 years and extend two
previous sediment core records of shorter length. Low percentages of
planktonic diatoms in the longest cores (WAL-3, WAL-15) indicate
shallowing and/or greater water clarity associated with a relatively
arid interval during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, ca. A.D. 1150-1300,
Cultural eutrophication of the lake since the A.D. 1920s caused diatoms
in the genera Asterionella and Synedra to increase in relative abundance
at the expense of Cyclotella, Discostella, and the chrysophyte alga
Mallomonas allorgel. Percentages of Asterionella and Synedra have
remained fairly stable since A.D. 2000 when a previous sediment core
study was conducted, but scaled chrysophytes have become more numerous.
These findings suggest that, although mitigation efforts have curtailed
anthropogenic nutrient inputs to Walden Pond, the lake has not returned
to the pre-impact condition described by Henry David Thoreau and may
become increasingly vulnerable to further changes in water quality in a
warmer and possibly wetter future.},
	keywords = {BOREAL LAKES, canada, CRAWFORD LAKE, DEPTH MODELS, ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE, ice-age, new-england, NORTH-AMERICA, NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES, organic-matter},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0191755},
	url = {https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180404143418.htm},
	author = {Stager, J. Curt and Wiltse, Brendan and Hubeny, J. Bradford and Yankowsky, Eric and Nardelli, David and Primack, Richard},
	editor = {Doi, Hideyuki}
}
@article {2843,
	title = {The Effects of Tropical Cyclone-Generated Deposition on the Sustainability of the Pearl River Marsh, Louisiana: The Importance of the Geologic FrameworkPresentation_1.PPTX},
	journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Aug-11-2019},
	abstract = {Shoreline retreat is a tremendously important issue along the coast of the northern Gulf of Mexico, especially in Louisiana. Although this marine transgression results from a variety of causes, the crucial factor is the difference between marsh surface elevation and rising sea levels. In most cases, the primary cause of a marsh{\textquoteright}s inability to keep up with sea level is the lack of input of inorganic material. Although tropical cyclones provide an important source of such sediment, little effort has been made to determine the point of origin of the deposited material. In this study we use sedimentary, geochemical and biogeochemical data to identify the bed of the Pearl River and/or Lake Borgne as the source of a ~5 cm thick clastic layer deposited on the surface of the Pearl River marsh on the Louisiana/Mississippi border. Radiochemical chronologies and sedimentary evidence indicate that this layer was associated with the passage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. As this material would otherwise have been lost to the system, this deposition indicates a net gain to marsh surface elevation. Accretion rates, determined from 137Cs and 14C profiles and the use of the Katrina layer as a stratigraphic marker, indicate that short-term (~50 years) rates are as much as an order of magnitude higher than the long- term (1000s of years) rates. We suggest that the marsh{\textquoteright}s geologic setting in an incised river valley with steep vertical constraints and a large fluvial discharge, promotes rapid accretion rates, with rates accelerating as the sea moves inland, due to extended hydroperiods and the input of clastic material from both the marine and terrestrial sides. These rates are especially large when compared to accretion occurring in the more common open marshes fringing the Gulf that lack fluvial input. The difference is particularly large when related to marsh recovery/regrowth following the deposition of thick hurricane-generated clastic layers. Given the number of similar incised river valleys along the Gulf Coast, we believe that understanding the processes controlling marsh accretion in such environments is essential in evaluating marsh sustainability on a regional basis.},
	doi = {10.3389/fevo.2018.00179},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fevo.2018.00179/full},
	author = {McCloskey, Terrence A. and Smith, Christopher G. and Liu, Kam-biu and Nelson, Paul R.}
}
@article {2727,
	title = {On the Holocene evolution of the Ayeyawady megadelta},
	journal = {Earth Surface Dynamics},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-01-2018},
	pages = {451 - 466},
	abstract = {The Ayeyawady delta is the last Asian megadelta whose evolution has remained essentially unexplored so far. Unlike most other deltas across the world, the Ayeyawady has not yet been affected by dam construction, providing a unique view on largely natural deltaic processes benefiting from abundant sediment loads affected by tectonics and monsoon hydroclimate. To alleviate the information gap and provide a baseline for future work, here we provide a first model for the Holocene development of this megadelta based on drill core sediments collected in 2016 and 2017, dated with radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence, together with a reevaluation of published maps, charts and scientific literature. Altogether, these data indicate that Ayeyawady is a mud-dominated delta with tidal and wave influences. The sediment-rich Ayeyawady River built meander belt alluvial ridges with avulsive characters. A more advanced coast in the western half of the delta (i.e., the Pathein lobe) was probably favored by the more western location of the early course of the river. Radiogenic isotopic fingerprinting of the sediment suggests that the Pathein lobe coast does not receive significant sediment from neighboring rivers. However, the eastern region of the delta (i.e., Yangon lobe) is offset inland and extends east into the mudflats of the Sittaung estuary. Wave-built beach ridge construction during the late Holocene, similar to several other deltas across the Indian monsoon domain, suggests a common climatic control on monsoonal delta morphodynamics through variability in discharge, changes in wave climate or both. Correlation of the delta morphological and stratigraphic architecture information on land with the shelf bathymetry, as well as its tectonic, sedimentary and hydrodynamic characteristics, provides insight on the peculiar growth style of the Ayeyawady delta. The offset between the western Pathein lobe and the eastern deltaic coast appears to be driven by tectonic{\textendash}hydrodynamic feedbacks as the extensionally lowered shelf block of the Gulf of Mottama amplifies tidal currents relative to the western part of the shelf. This situation probably activates a perennial shear front between the two regions that acts as a leaky energy fence. Just as importantly, the strong currents in the Gulf of Mottama act as an offshore-directed tidal pump that helps build the deep mid-shelf Mottama clinoform with mixed sediments from the Ayeyawady, Sittaung and Thanlwin rivers. The highly energetic tidal, wind and wave regime of the northern Andaman Sea thus exports most sediment offshore despite the large load of the Ayeyawady River.},
	doi = {10.5194/esurf-6-451-201810.5194/esurf-6-451-2018-supplement},
	url = {https://esurf.copernicus.org/articles/6/451/2018},
	author = {Giosan, Liviu and Naing, Thet and Min Tun, Myo and Clift, Peter D. and Filip, Florin and Constantinescu, Stefan and Khonde, Nitesh and Blusztajn, Jerzy and Buylaert, Jan-Pieter and Stevens, Thomas and Thwin, Swe}
}
@article {2767,
	title = {The Impact of Aquifer Flushing on Groundwater Arsenic Across a 35-km Transect Perpendicular to the Upper Brahmaputra River in Assam, India},
	journal = {Water Resources Research},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jun-10-2019},
	pages = {8160 - 8173},
	abstract = {Well testing in the floodplain of the Brahmaputra River in Golaghat and Jorhat districts of Assam, India, shows that groundwater arsenic (As) concentrations increase with distance from the river. To establish the origin of this pattern, an additional 900 wells <60-m deep were tested for As and nine sites were drilled along a 35-km transect perpendicular to the river. The field data show no relation between groundwater As concentrations ranging from <1 to 660 μg/L along the transect and (a) As concentrations of <1{\textendash}5 mg/kg in cuttings of aquifer sand recovered while drilling or (b) the degree of reduction of iron oxides in these cuttings. The drilling indicates, however, a marked increase in the thickness of a clay layer capping the aquifer starting from <1{\textendash}5 m near the river to over 60 m at the most distant site toward the base of the Naga foothills. Organic radiocarbon ages of 18{\textendash}46 kyr obtained from all but one of 13 clay samples indicate pre-Holocene deposition of the underlying sands across the entire transect. Radiocarbon ages of dissolved inorganic carbon of 0.2, 4.7, and 17.8 kyr were measured in groundwater from three monitoring wells installed to 30{\textendash}60-m depth at distances of 10, 20, and 40 km from the river, respectively. A conceptual groundwater flow model consistent with monitored heads and groundwater ages suggests that thick clay layers capping the aquifer further from the river inhibited flushing of the aquifer and, as a result, preserved higher As levels in groundwater.},
	keywords = {aquifer flushing, Arsenic, groundwater, South Asia},
	issn = {0043-1397},
	doi = {10.1029/2017WR022485},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2017WR022485},
	author = {Choudhury, R. and Nath, B. and Khan, M. R. and Mahanta, C. and Ellis, T. and Geen, A.}
}
@article {2617,
	title = {Maar sediment  in central Vietnam  Highland  near Pleiku:  An archive of regional  monsoon  intensity? },
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {flood layer, land use, monsoon},
	url = {http://eosvnu.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Schimmelmann_2018_Abstract_7IMC.pdf},
	author = {Schimmelmann, A., H. and Nguyễn-V{\u a}n, D. and Nguyễn-Th{\`u}y, J.P. and Schimmelmann, A.E.K. and Ojala, N. and Nguyễn-{\'A}nh, Q. and Trọng {\DJ}ỗ, D. and Th{\`u}y Nguyễn, P. and H{\`o}a Tạ, V. and Huynh-Kim, N. and Quynh Phạm-Nữ, B. and Zolitschka, I.}
}
@article {2838,
	title = {Slope failures within and upstream of Lake Quinault, Washington, as uneven responses to Holocene earthquakes along the Cascadia subduction zoneAbstract},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-01-2018},
	pages = {178 - 200},
	abstract = {Investigation of Lake Quinault in western Washington, including a reflection seismic survey, analysis of piston cores, and preliminary mapping in the steep, landslide-prone Quinault River catchment upstream of the lake, reveals evidence for three episodes of earthquake disturbance in the past 3000 yr. These earthquakes triggered failures on the lake{\textquoteright}s underwater slopes and delta front, as well as subaerial landsliding, partial channel blockage, and forced fluvial sediment aggradation. The ages of the three Lake Quinault disturbance events overlap with those of coseismically subsided, coastal marsh soils nearby in southwest Washington that are interpreted to record ruptures of the Cascadia megathrust. Absent from Lake Quinault, however, are signals of obvious disturbance from five additional subduction earthquakes inferred to have occurred during the period of record. The lack of evidence for these events may reflect the limitations of the data set derived from the detrital, river-dominated lake stratigraphy but may also have bearing on debates about segmentation and the distribution of slip along the Cascadia subduction zone during prior earthquakes.},
	keywords = {Cascadia, Earthquake, lakes, Paleoseismic, Sediment},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1017/qua.2017.96},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033589417000965/type/journal_article},
	author = {Leithold, Elana L. and Wegmann, Karl W. and Bohnenstiehl, Delwayne R. and Smith, Stephen G. and Noren, Anders and O{\textquoteright}Grady, Ryan}
}
@article {2599,
	title = {African Baobabs with a Very Large Number of Stems and False Stems: Radiocarbon Investigation of the Baobab of Warang},
	journal = {Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Chemia},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2017},
	month = {May-03-2018},
	pages = {111 - 120},
	abstract = {The article presents the AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon dating results of the baobab of Warang, Senegal. The investigation of the baobab revealed that it consists of 18 partially fused stems, which represents the largest number of stems reported for an African baobab. Three stems build the ring that closes a false cavity, while 15 stems grow outside the ring. Seven wood samples were collected from the false cavity and from the outer part of other stems. The dating results evinced that the stems belong to four different generations, out of which the first generation is around 500 years old. We also documented the presence of false stems, which emerge from a large adjacent stem, are triangular in horizontal section and act as an anchor. The baobab of Warang possesses 12 ordinary stems and 6 false stems.},
	keywords = {Adansonia digitata, Age determination, AMS radiocarbon dating, inner cavity, multiple stems, tropical trees},
	issn = {12247154},
	doi = {10.24193/subbchem10.24193/subbchem.2017.110.24193/subbchem.2017.1.09},
	url = {http://chem.ubbcluj.ro/~studiachemia/http://chem.ubbcluj.ro/~studiachemia/chemia2017_1.htmlhttp://www.chem.ubbcluj.ro/~studiachemia/issues/chemia2017_1/09Patrut_etal_111_120.pdf},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Garnaud, {\'e}bastien and Ka, Oumar and Patrut, Roxana T. and Diagne, Tomas and Lowy, Daniel A. and Forizs, Edit and Bodis, {\H o} and von Reden, Karl F.}
}
@article {Kim201733,
	title = {Biogeochemical properties of sinking particles in the southwestern part of the East Sea (Japan Sea)},
	journal = {Journal of Marine Systems},
	volume = {167},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {33 - 42},
	abstract = {Abstract This study investigates the biological pump system in the East Sea (Japan Sea) by conducting an analysis of the total particle flux, biogenic material composition, and carbon isotope ratios of sinking particles. The samples were collected for one year starting from March 2011 using time-series sediment traps deployed at depths of 1040 m and 2280 m on bottom-tethered mooring at Station \{EC1\} (37.33{\textdegree}N, 131.45{\textdegree}E; 2300 m water depth) in the Ulleung Basin (UB), southwestern part of the East Sea. The temporal variation in the particulate organic carbon (POC) flux at 1000 m shows a good relationship with the primary production in the corresponding surface water. The ratio of \{POC\} flux at 1000 m to satellite-based primary production in the corresponding region in the \{UB\} was ~ 3\%, which is comparable to the values of 2 to 5\% estimated from previous studies of other part of the East Sea. The lithogenic material accounted for \&gt; 17\% of the sinking particles at 1000 m and for a larger fraction of 40 to 60\% at 2280 m. The radiocarbon contents of the sinking \{POC\} at both trap depths imply the additional supply of aged POC, with a much greater contribution at 2280 m. Overall, the particle flux in the deep interior of the East Sea appears to be controlled by the supply of complex sources, including aeolian input, the lateral supply of resuspended sediments, and biological production in the surface water.},
	keywords = {East Sea (Japan Sea)},
	issn = {0924-7963},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.11.001},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924796316303608},
	author = {Minkyoung Kim and Jeomshik Hwang and TaeKeun Rho and Tongsup Lee and Dong-Jin Kang and Kyung-Il Chang and Suyun Noh and HuiTae Joo and Jung Hyun Kwak and Chang-Keun Kang and Kyung-Ryul Kim}
}
@book {2568,
	title = {Coastal Research LibraryCoastline Changes of the Baltic Sea from South to EastConstraints of Radiocarbon Dating in Southeastern Baltic Lagoons: Assessing the Vital Effects},
	series = {Coastline Changes of the Baltic Sea from South to East},
	number = {19},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {137 - 171},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	organization = {Springer International Publishing},
	address = {Cham},
	abstract = {During the past decades, a suite of radiocarbon (14C), infrared optically stimulated luminescence (IR-OSL), and electron spin resonance (ESR) dates were compiled on a variety of materials from the Curonian and Vistula lagoons and spits of the southeastern Baltic Sea. These dated materials generally included lagoon sediments and mollusc shells, along with samples of fossil fish remains, peat, wood, and water bicarbonates. A growing number of 14C dates (conventional and AMS) demonstrates disparities and contradictions with the associated IR-OSL dates and palaeobotanical investigations of contemporary materials. Detailed analyses of 14C, IR-OSL and ESR chronologies and experimental 14C dating of modern live molluscs and water bicarbonates from the Curonian Lagoon and its main tributary {\textendash} Nemunas-Neris River system {\textendash} reveals a substantial influx of {\textquotedblleft}old{\textquotedblright} carbonates into the lagoon. As a result, the uncertainty of reservoir effect added a considerable error to the 14C ages. Moreover, fossil molluscs of the same species extracted from boreholes and outcrops yield significantly younger ages (up to several millennia) than the enclosing sediments. Both of these trends {\textendash} aging and rejuvenation {\textendash} highlight an urgent need for constraining the local reservoir correction (ΔR). Several scenarios are presented to explain the impact of vital effects on radiocarbon chronology of carbonates and to offer strategies to account for them in future studies.},
	keywords = {Curonian lagoon, ESR, IR-OSL, Molluscs, radiocarbon, Reservoir effect, Vistula lagoon},
	isbn = {978-3-319-49892-8},
	issn = {2211-0577},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-49894-210.1007/978-3-319-49894-2_8},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-49894-2_8},
	author = {Bitinas, Albertas and {\v z}eika, Jonas and Buynevich, Ilya V. and {\v s}yte, Aldona and Molodkov, Anatoly and e, Alma},
	editor = {Harff, Jan and {\'n}czyk, Kazimierz and von Storch, Hans}
}
@article {2741,
	title = {The De Long Trough: a newly discovered glacial trough on the East Siberian continental margin},
	journal = {Climate of the Past},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-01-2017},
	pages = {1269 - 1284},
	abstract = {Ice sheets extending over parts of the East Siberian continental shelf have been proposed for the last glacial period and during the larger Pleistocene glaciations. The sparse data available over this sector of the Arctic Ocean have left the timing, extent and even existence of these ice sheets largely unresolved. Here we present new geophysical mapping and sediment coring data from the East Siberian shelf and slope collected during the 2014 SWERUS-C3 expedition (SWERUS-C3: Swedish {\textendash} Russian {\textendash} US Arctic Ocean Investigation of Climate-Cryosphere-Carbon Interactions). The multibeam bathymetry and chirp sub-bottom profiles reveal a set of glacial landforms that include grounding zone formations along the outer continental shelf, seaward of which lies a  >  65 m thick sequence of glacio-genic debris flows. The glacial landforms are interpreted to lie at the seaward end of a glacial trough {\textendash} the first to be reported on the East Siberian margin, here referred to as the De Long Trough because of its location due north of the De Long Islands. Stratigraphy and dating of sediment cores show that a drape of acoustically laminated sediments covering the glacial deposits is older than \~{} 50 cal kyr BP. This provides direct evidence for extensive glacial activity on the Siberian shelf that predates the Last Glacial Maximum and most likely occurred during the Saalian (Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6).},
	doi = {10.5194/cp-13-1269-2017},
	url = {https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/13/1269/2017/},
	author = {O{\textquoteright}Regan, Matt and Backman, Jan and Barrientos, Natalia and Cronin, Thomas M. and Gemery, Laura and Kirchner, Nina and Mayer, Larry A. and Nilsson, Johan and Noormets, Riko and Pearce, Christof and Semiletov, Igor and Stranne, Christian and Jakobsson, Martin}
}
@article {2574,
	title = {Deglaciation and ice shelf development at the northeast margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the Younger Dryas chronozone},
	journal = {Boreas},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Nov-06-2018},
	abstract = {Core 2011804-0010 from easternmost Lancaster Sound provides important insights into deglacial timing and style at the marine margin of the NE Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS). Spanning 13.2{\textendash}11.0 cal. ka BP and investigated for ice-rafted debris (IRD), foraminifera, biogenic silica and total organic carbon, the stratigraphy comprises a lithofacies progression from proximal grounding line and sub-ice shelf environments to open glaciomarine deposition; a sequence similar to deposits from Antarctic ice shelves. These results are the first marine evidence of a former ice shelf in the eastern Northwest Passage and are consistent with a preceding phase of ice streaming in eastern Lancaster Sound. Initial glacial float-off and retreat occurred >13.2 cal. ka BP, followed by formation of an extensive deglacial ice shelf during the Younger Dryas, which acted to stabilize the retreating margin of the NE LIS until 12.5 cal. ka BP. IRD analyses of sub-ice shelf facies indicate initial high input from source areas on northern Baffin Island delivered to Lancaster Sound by a tributary ice stream in Admiralty Inlet. After ice shelf break-up, Bylot Island became the dominant source area. Foraminifera are dominated by characteristic ice-proximal glaciomarine benthics (Cassidulina reniforme, Elphidium excavatum f. clavata), complemented by advected Atlantic water (Cassidulina neoteretis, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma) and enhanced current indicators (Lobatula lobatula). The biostratigraphy further supports the ice shelf model, with advection of sparse faunas beneath the ice shelf, followed by increased productivity under open water glaciomarine conditions. The absence of Holocene sediments in the core suggests that the uppermost deposits were removed, most likely due to mass transport resulting from the site{\textquoteright}s proximity to modern tidewater glacier margins. Collectively, this study presents important new constraints on the deglacial behaviour of the NE Laurentide Ice Sheet, with implications for past ice sheet stability, ice-rafted sediment delivery, and ice-ocean interactions in this complex archipelago setting.},
	doi = {10.1111/bor.12265},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/bor.12265},
	author = {Furze, Mark F. A. and {\'n}kowski, Anna J. and McNeely, Morgan A. and Bennett, Robbie and Cage, Alix G.}
}
@article {2746,
	title = {Determining rates of sediment accumulation on the Mekong shelf: Timescales, steady-state assumptions, and radiochemical tracers},
	journal = {Continental Shelf Research},
	volume = {147},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-09-2017},
	pages = {182 - 196},
	abstract = {Thirty-two kasten cores, collected from the proximal Mekong continental shelf, have been analyzed for their excess 210Pb distributions in an effort to establish rates of sediment accumulation over the past 100 years. The length of the cores varied from 0.5 to 3 m, and stations sampled topset, foreset, and bottomset beds (water depths 7{\textendash}21 m). Apparent excess 210Pb sediment accumulation rates ranged from > 10 cm/y (no down-core decrease of excess activity over 300 cm core length) near the Song Hau river mouth, to 1{\textendash}3 cm/y in topset and foreset beds within 20{\textendash}50 km of the river mouth, to rates as low as 0.4 cm/y in cores from bottomset beds. The 210Pb sediment accumulation rates yield an overall sediment burial rate of 6.1 {\texttimes} 1013 g/y for the proximal deltaic deposits, which corresponds to 43\% of the total modern Mekong sediment burial on the southern Vietnam shelf (1.4 {\texttimes} 1014 g/y; based on our 210Pb and seismic data and 210Pb data from the literature). This shelf burial rate is in reasonable agreement with current long-term estimates of Mekong River sediment discharge (1.3{\textendash}1.6 {\texttimes} 1014 g/y) from the literature. The inventory of excess 210Pb in the proximal Mekong deltaic deposits indicates that the shoreward flow of offshore water (entrained during river/ocean mixing) is approximately twice the flow of the Mekong freshwater discharge. Organic-carbon 14C ages were measured on 10 cores from the proximal Mekong delta and compared to 210Pb sediment accumulation rates in the same core. The 210Pb accumulation rates in all 10 cores were considered to be more robust and accurate than the 14C geochronologies, primarily because of down-core variations in the source of organic carbon deposited on the seafloor (old terrestrial carbon versus younger marine carbon). Variations in the source of organic carbon accumulating in the seabed were resolved by measuring the δ13C value of the seabed organic carbon.},
	keywords = {14C geochronology, 210Pb geochronology, Deltaic sediment accumulation rates, Mekong delta, Mekong sediment budget},
	issn = {02784343},
	doi = {10.1016/j.csr.2017.06.011},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434316306732},
	author = {DeMaster, D.J. and Liu, J.P. and Eidam, E. and Nittrouer, C.A. and Nguyen, T.T.}
}
@article {2815,
	title = {The distribution and utility of sea-level indicators in Eurasian sub-Arctic salt marshes (White Sea, Russia)},
	journal = {Boreas},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-07-2017},
	pages = {562 - 584},
	abstract = {In support of efforts to reconstruct relative sea level (RSL), we investigated the utility of foraminifera, diatoms and bulk-sediment geochemistry (δ13C, C:N and parameters measured by Rock-Eval pyrolysis) as sea-level indicators in Eurasian sub-Arctic salt marshes. At three salt marshes (<15 km apart) in Dvina Bay (White Sea, Russia), we collected surface sediment samples along transects from subtidal to Taiga forest environments. Foraminifera at all sites formed bipartite assemblages, where elevations below mean high higher water (MHHW) were dominated by Miliammina spp. and elevations between MHHW and the highest occurrence of foraminifera were dominated by Jadammina macrescens and Balticammina pseudomacrescens. Five high-diversity groups of diatoms were identified and they displayed pronounced variability amongst the study sites. Bulk-sediment geochemistry recognized two groups (clastic-dominated environments below MHHW and organic-rich environments above MHHW). As one group included subtidal elevations and the other included supratidal elevations, we conclude that the measured geochemical parameters are not stand-alone sea-level indicators. Core JT2012 captured a regressive sediment succession of clastic, tidal-flat sediment overlain by salt-marsh organic silt and freshwater peat. The salt-marsh sediment accumulated at 2804{\textpm}52 years before present and preserved foraminifera (Jadammina macrescens and Balticammina pseudomacrescens) with good analogy to modern assemblages indicating that RSL was +2.60{\textpm}0.47 m at this time. Diatoms confirm that marine influence decreased through time, but the lack of analogy between modern and core assemblages limited their utility as sea-level indicators. Geochemical parameters also indicate a reduction in marine influence through time. We conclude that RSL reconstructions derived from salt-marsh sediment preserved beneath Eurasian sub-Arctic peatlands can provide valuable insight into the spatio-temporal evolution of the Fennoscandian and Eurasian ice sheets.},
	doi = {10.1111/bor.2017.46.issue-310.1111/bor.12233},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bor.12233},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Nikitina, Daria and Vane, Christopher H. and Potapova, Marina and Weber-Bruya, Elizabeth and Culver, Stephen J. and Repkina, Tatyana and Hill, David F.}
}
@article {2507,
	title = {Extreme waves in the British Virgin Islands during the last centuries before 1500 CE},
	journal = {Geosphere},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jul-04-2019},
	pages = {301 - 368},
	abstract = {Extraordinary marine inundation scattered clasts southward on the island of Anegada, 120 km south of the Puerto Rico Trench, sometime between 1200 and 1480 calibrated years (cal yr) CE. Many of these clasts were likely derived from a fringing reef and from the sandy flat that separates the reef from the island{\textquoteright}s north shore. The scattered clasts include no fewer than 200 coral boulders, mapped herein for the first time and mainly found hundreds of meters inland. Many of these are complete colonies of the brain coral Diploria strigosa. Other coral species represented include Orbicella (formerly Montastraea) annu-laris, Porites astreoides, and Acropora palmata. Associated bioclastic carbonate sand locally contains articulated cobble-size valves of the lucine Codakia orbicularis and entire conch shells of Strombus gigas, mollusks that still inhabit the sandy shallows between the island{\textquoteright}s north shore and a fringing reef beyond. italicmbricated limestone slabs are clustered near some of the coral boulders. In addition, fields of scattered limestone boulders and cobbles near sea level extend mainly southward from limestone sources as much as 1 km inland. Radiocarbon ages have been obtained from 27 coral clasts, 8 lucine valves, and 3 conch shells. All these additional ages predate 1500 cal yr CE, all but 2 are in the range 1000{\textendash}1500 cal yr CE, and 16 of 22 brain coral ages cluster in the range 1200{\textendash}1480 cal yr CE. The event marked by these coral and mollusk clasts likely occurred in the last centuries before Columbus (before 1492 CE).

The pre-Columbian deposits surpass Anegada{\textquoteright}s previously reported evidence for extreme waves in post-Columbian time. The coarsest of the modern storm deposits consist of coral rubble that lines the north shore and sandy fans on the south shore; neither of these storm deposits extends more than 50 m inland. More extensive overwash, perhaps by the 1755 Lisbon tsunami, is marked primarily by a sheet of sand and shells found mainly below sea level beneath the floors of modern salt ponds. This sheet extends more than 1 km southward from the north shore and dates to the interval 1650{\textendash}1800 cal yr CE. Unlike the pre-Columbian deposits, it lacks coarse clasts from the reef or reef flat; its shell assemblage is instead dominated by cerithid gastropods that were merely stirred up from a marine pond in the island{\textquoteright}s interior.

In their inland extent and clustered pre-Columbian ages, the coral clasts and associated deposits suggest extreme waves unrivaled in recent millennia at Anegada. Bioclastic sand coats limestone 4 m above sea level in areas 0.7 and 1.3 km from the north shore. A coral boulder of nearly 1 m3 is 3 km from the north shore by way of an unvegetated path near sea level. As currently understood, the extreme flooding evidenced by these and other clasts represents either an extraordinary storm or a tsunami of nearby origin. The storm would need to have produced tsunami-like bores similar to those of 2013 Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. Normal faults and a thrust fault provide nearby tsunami sources along the eastern Puerto Rico Trench. },
	issn = {1553-040X},
	doi = {10.1130/GES01356.110.1130/GES01356.S110.1130/GES01356.S2},
	url = {http://geosphere.gsapubs.org/lookup/doi/10.1130/GES01356.1},
	author = {Atwater, Brian F. and ten Brink, Uri S. and Cescon, Anna Lisa and Feuillet, Nathalie and Fuentes, Zamara and Halley, Robert B. and {\~n}ez, Carlos and Reinhardt, Eduard G. and Roger, Jean H. and Sawai, Yuki and Spiske, Michaela and Tuttle, Martitia P. and Wei, Yong and Weil-Accardo, Jennifer}
}
@article {2885,
	title = {Final Radiocarbon Investigation of Platland Tree, the Biggest African Baobab},
	journal = {Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Chemia},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Apr-06-2018},
	pages = {347 - 354},
	abstract = {The article discloses the main results of our new investigation of Platland tree, a.k.a. Sunland baobab, the largest known African baobab. Our recent research was motivated by the three successive splits of 2016 and 2017, which determined the collapse and demise of the stems that have built the main unit of the tree. According to our new findings concerning the architecture of large and old baobabs, we established that Platland tree has a double closed-ring shaped structure and consists of two units/rings that close two separate false cavities. The larger unit was composed of five fused stems, out of which four toppled and died, while the fifth stem is already broken. The smaller unit, which is still standing, consists of three fused stems. We also determined that the larger unit had an age of 800 yr, while the smaller unit is 1100 yr old.},
	issn = {12247154},
	doi = {10.24193/subbchem.2017.2.27},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318354222_Final_Radiocarbon_Investigation_of_Platland_Tree_the_Biggest_African_Baobab},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Woodborne, Stephan and Patrut, Roxana T. and Rakosy, Laszlo and Hall, Grant and Ratiu, Ileana-Andreea and von Reden, Karl F.}
}
@article {Naranjo2017109,
	title = {Holocene tephra succession of Puyehue-Cord{\'o}n Caulle and Antillanca/Casablanca volcanic complexes, southern Andes (40{\textendash}41{\textdegree}S)},
	journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research},
	volume = {332},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {109 - 128},
	abstract = {Abstract Puyehue-Cord{\'o}n Caulle and Antillanca volcanic complexes are two of at least 50 active frontal arc volcanoes that define the 1400 km-long Southern Volcanic Zone of Chile. Holocene tephra deposits in Chile and Argentina (40{\textendash}41{\textdegree}S) up to 100 km east of these volcanoes comprise at least five voluminous (~ 1 to ~ 8 km3) pyroclastic-fall layers that preceded several recently deposited Cord{\'o}n Caulle pumice fallouts. Field observations of proximal, medium, and distal facies of the deposits, in conjunction with geochronology and geochemistry of the volcanic complexes, indicate that three fall layers are derived from Puyehue volcano (Puyehue 1 and 2, and Mil Hojas), whereas two are sourced from the Antillanca complex (Playas Blanca-Negra, and Nahuel Huapi Tephra), 20 km to the south. The oldest tephra (calibrated 14C age 10.49 {\textpm} 0.12 ka, 2σ), found only at medium-distal facies, is deposited directly on granitic moraine boulders and consists of deeply weathered, orange dacitic pumice lapilli. The next prominent tephra at ~ 7 ka comprises dacitic pumice and its age is equivalent to a rhyodacitic dome exposed in the Puyehue summit crater. Above these deposits there are phases of a complex eruption consisting of a conspicuous compositionally-zoned tephra. It also comprises a pyroclastic density current, together with lithic rich and scoriaceous fallout deposits. Mineralogical, geochemical, and Sr isotope evidence, plus the isopach maps, confirm that this sequence of eruptive events is sourced from Antillanca at 1932 {\textpm} 68 yrBP. The total volume of this eruptive sequence exceeds 8 km3, making it the largest Holocene eruption from either volcanic complex. This eruption was likely responsible for the destruction of an ancestral Antillanca volcano and the formation of a 4.5 km diameter caldera. A distinctive younger unit in the region is a voluminous rhyodacitic pumice fall (calibrated 14C age 1.11 {\textpm} 0.07 ka), above which a series of several alternating dark lithic and pumice lapilli beds accumulated. Correlation with proximal deposits indicates that the 1.11 ka eruption was derived from Puyehue and destroyed ~ 3 km3 of rhyodacitic domes at this volcano summit. Historic explosive activity at the nascent Casablanca volcano and along Cord{\'o}n Caulle, including the 2011{\textendash}2012 eruption (~ 1 km3 of uncompacted pumice), the largest from this fissural zone, emphasizes an increased risk for volcanic hazards in central Chile and Argentina.},
	keywords = {Chile},
	issn = {0377-0273},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.11.017},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377027316301986},
	author = {J.A. Naranjo and B.S. Singer and B.R. Jicha and H. Moreno and L.E. Lara}
}
@article {MilHomens2017473,
	title = {Insights of Pb isotopic signature into the historical evolution and sources of Pb contamination in a sediment core of the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {586},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {473 - 484},
	abstract = {Abstract Stable Pb isotopic ratios and concentrations of Al, Cu and Pb were measured in a 5 m long sediment core (VC2B) retrieved at 96 m water depth in the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf. Five phases during the last 9.5 kyrs were identified, two of them (Roman Period and modern mining) marked by a decrease of 206Pb/207Pb ratios reflecting additional inputs of Pb derived from mining activities. The Roman Period was also characterized by high 208Pb/206Pb ratios suggesting the exploitation of the outcropping portion of the orebody intensely weathered when compared with the other formations later mined. The shift of 208Pb/206Pb ratios towards linearity took approximately 1.0 kyrs, which may mirror the time of environmental recovery from the impact of Roman mining activities. The application of a mixing model allowed the quantification of the contribution associated with anthropogenic mining activities to the shelf sediments. The maximum values of Pb contamination occurred in the 20th century. This study gives direct evidence of Pb and Cu exploitation over the last 2000 years. The stable Pb isotopic signatures point to legacy of mining activities that are still the prevailing metal source recorded in the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf sediments.},
	keywords = {Environment recovery},
	issn = {0048-9697},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.204},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969717302218},
	author = {M{\'a}rio Mil-Homens and Carlos Vale and Pedro Brito and Filipa Naughton and Teresa Drago and Joana Raimundo and B{\'a}rbara Anes and Sabine Schmidt and Miguel Caetano}
}
@article {2449,
	title = {Insights of Pb isotopic signature into the historical evolution and sources of Pb contamination in a sediment core of the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {586},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-05-2017},
	pages = {473 - 484},
	abstract = {Stable Pb isotopic ratios and concentrations of Al, Cu and Pb were measured in a 5 m long sediment core (VC2B) retrieved at 96 m water depth in the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf. Five phases during the last 9.5 kyrs were identified, two of them (Roman Period and modern mining) marked by a decrease of Pb-206/Pb-207 ratios reflecting additional inputs of Pb derived from mining activities. The Roman Period was also characterized by high Pb-208/Pb-206 ratios suggesting the exploitation of the outcropping portion of the orebody intensely weathered when compared with the other formations later mined. The shift of Pb-208/Pb-206 ratios towards linearity took approximately 1.0 kyrs, which may mirror the time of environmental recovery from the impact of Roman mining activities. The application of a mixing model allowed the quantification of the contribution associated with anthropogenic mining activities to the shelf sediments. The maximum values of Pb contamination occurred in the 20th century. This study gives direct evidence of Pb and Cu exploitation over the last 2000 years. The stable Pb isotopic signatures point to legacy of mining activities that are still the prevailing metal source recorded in the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf sediments.},
	keywords = {Environment recovery, Marine sediments, Pb isotopes, Roman and modem mining activities, Southwestern Iberian shelf, Temporal evolution},
	issn = {0048-9697},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.204},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969717302218http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0048969717302218?httpAccept=text/plainhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0048969717302218?httpAccept=text/xml},
	author = {Mil-Homens, {\'a}rio and Vale, Carlos and Brito, Pedro and Naughton, Filipa and Drago, Teresa and Raimundo, Joana and Anes, {\'a}rbara and Schmidt, Sabine and Caetano, Miguel}
}
@article {2865,
	title = {Open-File ReportOpen-File ReportDeepwater Program: Lophelia II, continuing ecological research on deep-sea corals and deep-reef habitats in the Gulf of Mexico},
	year = {2017},
	abstract = {The deep sea is a rich environment composed of diverse habitat types. While deep-sea coral habitats have been discovered within each ocean basin, knowledge about the ecology of these habitats and associated inhabitants continues to grow. This report presents information and results from the Lophelia II project that examined deep-sea coral habitats in the Gulf of Mexico. The Lophelia II project focused on Lophelia pertusa habitats along the continental slope, at depths ranging from 300 to 1,000 meters. The chapters are authored by several scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, University of North Carolina Wilmington, and Florida State University who examined the community ecology (from microbes to fishes), deep-sea coral age, growth, and reproduction, and population connectivity of deep-sea corals and inhabitants. Data from these studies are presented in the chapters and appendixes of the report as well as in journal publications. This study was conducted by the Ecosystems Mission Area of the U.S. Geological Survey to meet information needs identified by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management.},
	doi = {10.3133/ofr20171139},
	url = {http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20171139},
	author = {Demopoulos, Amanda W.J. and Ross, Steve W. and Kellogg, Christina A. and Morrison, Cheryl L. and Nizinski, Martha S. and Prouty, Nancy G. and Bourque, Jill R. and Galkiewicz, Julie P. and Gray, Michael A. and Springmann, Marcus J. and Coykendall, D. Katharine and Miller, Andrew and Rhode, Mike and Quattrini, Andrea and Ames, Cheryl L. and Brooke, Sandra D. and McClain-Counts, Jennifer P. and Roark, E. Brendan and Buster, Noreen A. and Phillips, Ryan M. and Frometa, Janessy}
}
@article {2862,
	title = {A probabilistic method of assessing carbon accumulation rate at Imnavait Creek Peatland, Arctic Long Term Ecological Research Station, Alaska},
	journal = {Journal of Quaternary Science},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-07-2017},
	pages = {579 - 586},
	abstract = {Arctic peatlands are an important part of the global carbon cycle, accumulating atmospheric carbon as organic matter since the Late glacial. Current methods for understanding the changing efficiency of the peatland carbon sink rely on peatlands with an undisturbed stratigraphy. Here we present a method of estimating primary carbon accumulation rate from a site where permafrost processes have either vertically or horizontally translocated nearby carbon-rich sediment out of stratigraphic order. Briefly, our new algorithm estimates the probability of the age of deposition of a random increment of sediment in the core. The method assumes that if sediment age is measured at even depth increments, dates are more likely to occur during intervals of higher accumulation rate and vice versa. Multiplying estimated sedimentation rate by measured carbon density yields carbon accumulation rate. We perform this analysis at the Imnavait Creek Peatland, near the Arctic Long Term Ecological Research network site at Toolik Lake, Alaska. Using classical radiocarbon age modeling, we find unreasonably high rates of carbon accumulation at various Holocene intervals. With our new method, we find accumulation rate changes that are in improved agreement within the context of other sites throughout Alaska and the rest of the Circum-Arctic region.},
	keywords = {carbon accumulation, Imnavait, peatlands, permafrost, radiocarbon, Toolik LTER},
	doi = {10.1002/jqs.2952},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jqs.2952},
	author = {Nichols, Jonathan E. and Peteet, Dorothy M. and Frolking, Steve and Karavias, John}
}
@article {2768,
	title = {Subduction zone slip variability during the last millennium, south-central Chile},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {175},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-11-2017},
	pages = {112 - 137},
	abstract = {The Arauco Peninsula (37{\textdegree}-38{\textdegree}S) in south-central Chile has been proposed as a possible barrier to the along-strike propagation of megathrust ruptures, separating historical earthquakes to the south (1960 AD 1837, 1737, and 1575) and north (2010 AD, 1835, 1751, 1657, and 1570) of the peninsula. However, the 2010 (Mw 8.8) earthquake propagated into the Arauco Peninsula, re-rupturing part of the megathrust that had ruptured only 50 years earlier during the largest subduction zone earthquake in the instrumental record (Mw 9.5). To better understand long-term slip variability in the Arauco Peninsula region, we analyzed four coastal sedimentary sections from two sites (Tir{\'u}a, 38.3{\textdegree}S and Quidico, 38.1{\textdegree}S) located within the overlap of the 2010 and 1960 ruptures to reconstruct a \~{}600-year record of coseismic land-level change and tsunami inundation. Stratigraphic, lithologic, and diatom results show variable coseismic land-level change coincident with tsunami inundation of the Tir{\'u}a and Quidico marshes that is consistent with regional historical accounts of coseismic subsidence during earthquakes along the Valdivia portion of the subduction zone (1960 AD and 1575) and coseismic uplift during earthquakes along the Maule portion of the subduction zone (2010 AD, 1835, 1751). In addition, we document variable coseismic land-level change associated with three new prehistoric earthquakes and accompanying tsunamis in 1470{\textendash}1570 AD, 1425{\textendash}1455, and 270{\textendash}410. The mixed record of coseismic subsidence and uplift that we document illustrates the variability of down-dip and lateral slip distribution at the overlap of the 2010 and 1960 ruptures, showing that ruptures have repeatedly propagated into, but not through the Arauco Peninsula and suggesting the area has persisted as a long-term impediment to slip through at least seven of the last megathrust earthquakes (\~{}600 years).},
	keywords = {Coastal hazards, Coastal paleoseismology, Diatom paleoecology, Prehistoric earthquakes, Subduction zone segmentation, Tsunami Deposits},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.08.023},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379117303505},
	author = {Dura, Tina and Horton, Benjamin P. and Cisternas, Marco and Ely, Lisa L. and Hong, Isabel and Nelson, Alan R. and Wesson, Robert L. and Pilarczyk, Jessica E. and Parnell, Andrew C. and Nikitina, Daria}
}
@article {2597,
	title = {Differences in coastal subsidence in southern Oregon (USA) during at least six prehistoric megathrust earthquakes},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {142},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-06-2016},
	pages = {143 - 163},
	abstract = {Stratigraphic, sedimentologic (including CT 3D X-ray tomography scans), foraminiferal, and radiocarbon analyses show that at least six of seven abrupt peat-to-mud contacts in cores from a tidal marsh at Talbot Creek (South Slough, Coos Bay), record sudden subsidence (relative sea-level rise) during great megathrust earthquakes at the Cascadia subduction zone. Data for one contact are insufficient to infer whether or not it records a great earthquake{\textemdash}it may also have formed through local, non-seismic, hydrographic processes. To estimate the amount of subsidence marked by each contact, we expanded a previous regional modern foraminiferal dataset to 174 samples from six Oregon estuaries. Using a transfer function derived from the new dataset, estimates of coseismic subsidence across the six earthquake contacts vary from 0.31 m to 0.75 m. Comparison of subsidence estimates for three contacts in adjacent cores shows within-site differences of <=0.10 m, about half the {\textpm}0.22 m error, although some estimates may be minimums due to uncertain ecological preferences for Balticammina pseudomacrescens in brackish environments and almost monospecific assemblages of Miliammina fusca on tidal flats. We also account for the influence of taphonomic processes, such as infiltration of mud with mixed foraminiferal assemblages into peat, on subsidence estimates. Comparisons of our subsidence estimates with values for correlative contacts at other Oregon sites suggest that some of our estimates are minimums and that Cascadia{\textquoteright}s megathrust earthquake ruptures have been heterogeneous over the past 3500 years.},
	keywords = {Cascadia subduction zone, Coseismic subsidence, Megathrust earthquakes, Paleoseismology, Salt-marsh foraminifera, Sea-level change, Transfer functions},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.04.017},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.04.017},
	author = {Milker, Yvonne and Nelson, Alan R. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Engelhart, Simon E. and Bradley, Lee-Ann and Witter, Robert C.}
}
@article {MilHomens20161211,
	title = {Footprint of roman and modern mining activities in a sediment core from the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {571},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {1211 - 1221},
	abstract = {Abstract A 5-m long sediment core (VC2B), retrieved in the Southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf, at 96 m water depth, was used to assess major changes in climate and human activities during the last 9.7 kyrs. Analytical measurements included sedimentological (mean grain size, and the contents of sand, silt and clay), geochemical (major, minor, trace and rare earth elements; REEs) and chronological (210Pb and 14C) parameters. Two episodes of increment of fine-grained particles, occurring at 3050 \{BCE\} and 1350 CE, suggest the retreat of the coast line to the present level and the beginning of a wetter phase associated with the {\textquotedblleft}Little Ice Age{\textquotedblright}. The North American Shale Composite (NASC)-normalized REE-pattern detected in the shelf is similar to that found in the Guadiana estuarine sediments. The possibility of this estuary as a contributor to the sediment load deposited in the adjacent coastal zone was indicated. Trace elements were significantly correlated with Al until 1850 CE, pointing that grain-size rules its distribution in sediments. The depth variation of As, Cu and Pb enrichment factors relative to background values shows two periods of intense human activity that can be mainly linked to mining: (i) across the Roman Period, marked by low enrichments; and (ii) starting on the second half of the 19th century until nowadays with significantly increased enrichments, especially of Pb and Cu. In addition to As, Cu and Pb, this period is also marked by high enrichments of Hg and Zn. Despite the decrease/closure of sulphide massive deposits mining exploitation (e.g., S{\~a}o Domingos, Las Herrerias) during the second half of the 20th century, results showed ongoing input of Pb, Cu, As, Hg and Zn to coastal sediments. Thus, the legacy of contamination by these elements, mainly from leaching of slags and tailings, and remobilization/reworking of contaminated estuarine sediments, is still recorded in marine sediments.},
	keywords = {mining activities, Rare earth elements},
	issn = {0048-9697},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.143},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969716315959},
	author = {M{\'a}rio Mil-Homens and Carlos Vale and Filipa Naughton and Pedro Brito and Teresa Drago and B{\'a}rbara Anes and Joana Raimundo and Sabine Schmidt and Miguel Caetano}
}
@article {Peteet2016168,
	title = {Recent and Holocene climate change controls on vegetation and carbon accumulation in Alaskan coastal muskegs},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {131, Part A},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {168 - 178},
	abstract = {Abstract Pollen, spore, macrofossil and carbon data from a peatland near Cordova, Alaska, reveal insights into the climate{\textendash}vegetation{\textendash}carbon interactions from the initiation of the Holocene, c. the last 11.5~ka, to the present (1~ka~=~1000 calibrated years before present where 0~=~1950 CE). The Holocene period is characterized by early deposition of gyttja in a pond environment with aquatics such as Nuphar polysepalum and Potamogeton, and a significant regional presence of Alnus crispa subsp. sinuata. Carbon accumulation (50~g/m2/a) was high for a short interval in the early Holocene when Sphagnum peat accumulated, but was followed by a major decline to 13~g/m2/a from 7 to 3.7~ka when Cyperaceae and ericads such as Rhododendron (formerly Ledum) groenlandicum expanded. This shift to sedge growth is representative of many peatlands throughout the south-central region of Alaska, and indicates a drier, more evaporative environment with a large decline in carbon storage. The subsequent return to Sphagnum peat after 4~ka in the Neoglacial represents a widespread shift to moister, cooler conditions, which favored a resurgence of ericads, such as Andromeda polifolia, and increased carbon accumulation rate. The sustained Alnus expansion visible in the top 10~cm of the peat profile is correlative with glacial retreat and warming of the region in the last century, and suggests this colonization will continue as temperature increases and ice melts.},
	keywords = {Alnus},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.032},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379115301530},
	author = {Dorothy M. Peteet and Jonathan E. Nichols and Christopher M. Moy and Alicia McGeachy and Max Perez}
}
@article {Thresher2016260,
	title = {Scale dependence of environmental and physiological correlates of δ18O and δ13C in the magnesium calcite skeletons of bamboo corals (Gorgonacea; Isididae)},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {187},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {260 - 278},
	abstract = {Abstract We examine in detail δ18O and δ13C in the calcite internodes of bamboo corals as potential proxies of physiological and environmental variability, through (a) a {\textquotedblleft}core top{\textquotedblright} calibration that includes specimens from a wide range of habitats and environmental conditions and (b) a comparison of high resolution serial point analyses along radial growth axes of a sub-set of specimens with each other, with instrumental temperature and salinity records, with growth rates and with a nominal skeletal proxy for temperature (Mg/Ca) in the same specimens. At the whole-of-specimen level, δ18O and the intercept of the strong within-specimen regression of δ18O against δ13C correlates highly with ambient temperatures at slopes that are identical to those reported for other marine biogenic carbonates (-0.22 per {\textdegree}C). δ13C varies predominantly with apparent specimen-mean growth rate. It also correlates with the slope of the within-specimen covariance between δ18O and δ13C, which in turn is distributed bi-modally among specimens and linked to differences in apparent growth rates. Within-specimens, variability in δ13C, and to a lesser extent δ18O, correlates between specimens collected in the same region and differs between regions, implying an environmental effect, but the factors involved for either isotope ratio are unclear. Correlations between δ18O and temperature (and Mg/Ca) range from positive to negative among specimens and appear to vary over time even within specimens. The mismatch between the consistent temperature-dependence of δ18O at the whole-of-specimen level and the mixed relationship within-specimens can be reconciled by assuming an unknown temperature-dependent factor affecting δ18O during the growth of Isidid calcite. The contrast between the results of the {\textquotedblleft}core top{\textquotedblright} temperature calibration for δ18O, which are consistent with studies of other carbonates, and the apparently more complex suite of factors affecting both δ13C and δ18O within specimens strongly suggests that calibrations based on a {\textquotedblleft}core top{\textquotedblright} approach be applied cautiously to environmental reconstructions based on variations of a nominal proxy within specimens.},
	keywords = {Temperature},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.024},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703716302678},
	author = {Ronald E. Thresher and Helen Neil}
}
@article {Filipsson2016,
	title = {Seasonal variability of stable carbon isotopes (δ13CDIC) in the Skagerrak and the Baltic Sea: Distinguishing between mixing and biological productivity},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {-},
	abstract = {Abstract We documented the annual cycle of the carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) in the water columns of the Skagerrak and Baltic Sea to obtain an increased understanding of the processes involved controlling the carbon isotopic distribution in shelf seas. The lowest δ13CDIC values (- 4.9{\textperthousand}) were found in the low-oxygen, brackish Baltic bottom water whereas the highest values (+ 1.8{\textperthousand}) were observed in the surface water of the Skagerrak during late summer. Photosynthesis drove the high δ13CDIC values (between 1.0 and 1.8{\textperthousand}) noted in the surface waters of both the Skagerrak and the Baltic. The δ13CDIC values below the halocline in the Baltic reflect mixing of brackish water and the more saline water from the Skagerrak, and foremost organic matter remineralization processes that release significant amounts of low-δ13C CO2. Similarly, in the stagnant fjord basins, little deep water exchange and the degradation of terrestrial and marine organic matter set the δ13C composition. Deep-water renewal in the fjord basins resulted in rapid increases of the δ13CDIC on the order of 1{\textperthousand}, whereas remineralization processes caused a decrease in δ13CDIC of 0.1{\textendash}0.3{\textperthousand} per month depending on location. The combined effects of water mixing and remineralization processes (estimated using apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) values) yielded the expression: δ13CDIC = 0.032 * S - 0.01 * \{AOU\} - 0.12 for the Baltic {\textendash} Skagerrak region at water depths below the halocline.},
	keywords = {Time-series},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.11.031},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018216307581},
	author = {Helena L. Filipsson and Daniel C. McCorkle and Andreas Mackensen and Joan M. Bernhard and Lars S. Andersson and Lars-Johan Naustvoll and Angela M. Caballero-Alfonso and Kjell Nordberg and Didrik S. Danielssen}
}
@article {Cook201684,
	title = {Tracing subarctic Pacific water masses with benthic foraminiferal stable isotopes during the \{LGM\} and late Pleistocene},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {125{\textendash}126},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Plio-Pleistocene Paleoceanography of the Bering Sea},
	pages = {84 - 95},
	abstract = {Abstract As the largest ocean basin, the Pacific helps to set the global climate state, since its circulation affects mean ocean properties, air{\textendash}sea partitioning of carbon dioxide, and the distribution of global oceanic poleward heat transport. There is evidence that during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) the subarctic Pacific contained a better-ventilated, relatively fresh intermediate water mass above ~2000 m that may have formed locally. The source and spatial extent of this water mass is not known, nor do we know how formation of this water mass varied during Pleistocene glaciations with different orbital and ice sheet boundary conditions. Here we present a 0.5 My multi-species benthic stable isotope record from Site \{U1345\} (1008 m) on the northern Bering slope and a 1.0 My record from \{U1339\} (1868 m) from the Umnak Plateau in the southeastern basin. We find that the relatively well-ventilated low-δ18O intermediate water reaches 1000 m in the Bering Sea during MIS2, but that the hydrographic divide between this water mass and poorly-ventilated deep water was shallower than 1000 m for earlier glaciations. We also compare Bering Sea piston core and {\.I}ODP\} Expedition 323 Uvigerina data from the Holocene and \{LGM\} with the modern hydrography, and to previously published profiles from the Okhotsk Sea and Emperor Seamounts. We find that the carbon and oxygen stable isotope signatures of well-ventilated water in the Bering and Okhotsk Seas are distinct, suggesting that there may have been intermediate water formation in both basins during the LGM.},
	keywords = {Ocean circulation},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.02.006},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064516300157},
	author = {Mea S. Cook and A. Christina Ravelo and Alan Mix and Ian M. Nesbitt and Nari V. Miller}
}
@article {21,
	title = {A 12,000-yr pollen record off Cape Hatteras {\textemdash} Pollen sources and mechanisms of pollen dispersion},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {367},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {118-129},
	abstract = {Integrating both marine and terrestrial signals from the same sediment core is one of the primary challenges for understanding the role of ocean{\textendash}atmosphere coupling throughout past climate changes. It is therefore vital to understand how the pollen signal of a given marine record reflects the vegetation changes of the neighboring continent. The comparison between the pollen record of marine core JPC32 (KNR178JPC32) and available terrestrial pollen sequences from eastern North America over the last 12,170 years indicates that the pollen signature off Cape Hatteras gives an integrated image of the regional vegetation encompassing the Pee Dee river, Chesapeake and Delaware hydrographic basins and is reliable in reconstructing the past climate of the adjacent continent. Extremely high quantities of pollen grains included in the marine sediments off Cape Hatteras were transferred from the continent to the sea, at intervals 10,100{\textendash}8800 cal yr BP, 8300{\textendash}7500 cal yr BP, 5800{\textendash}4300 cal yr BP and 2100{\textendash}730 cal yr BP, during storm events favored by episodes of rapid sea-level rise in the eastern coast of US. In contrast, pollen grains export was reduced during 12,170{\textendash}10,150 cal yr BP and 4200{\textendash}2200 cal yr BP, during episodes of intense continental dryness and slow sea level rise episodes or lowstands in the eastern coast of US. The near absence of reworked pollen grains in core JPC32 contrasts with the high quantity of reworked material in nearby but deeper located marine sites, suggesting that the JPC32 record was not affected by the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) since the end of the Younger Dryas and should be considered a key site for studying past climate changes in the western North Atlantic.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2015.06.003},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322715001255},
	author = {Naughton, F. and Keigwin, L. and Peteet, D. and Costas, S. and Desprat, S. and Oliveira, D. and de Vernal, A. and Voelker, A. and Abrantes, F.}
}
@article { ISI:000366502600005,
	title = {Analysis of bomb radiocarbon data for common thresher sharks, Alopias vulpinus, in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean with revised growth curves},
	journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES},
	volume = {99},
	number = {{1}},
	year = {2015},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {39-47},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Bomb radiocarbon dating was used to determine the periodicity of band pair formation in the vertebral centra of three common thresher sharks (Alopias vulpinus). The traditional interpretation of band pairs were accurate (i.e. annual) up to approximately 14 years of age. In older individuals, band pair counts underestimated age. A new maximum validated age was estimated to be 38 years (an increase of 18 years over the band count estimates). Previously reported length at age estimates for common thresher sharks up to 14 years were used in conjunction with the two older validated estimates to develop a revised growth curve for the species, which was described using the Schnute general model (sexes combined). Updated estimates of age at maturity remained the same for males (8 years) and increased by one year to 13 years for females. The primary finding was the increase in longevity for this species from a band pair count estimate of 24 years to a bomb radiocarbon validated estimate of 38 years, indicating this species lives much longer than previously thought.},
	keywords = {Age, Carbon-14, Centra, Elasmobranchs, Vertebral column},
	issn = {0378-1909},
	doi = {10.1007/s10641-015-0452-y},
	author = {Natanson, Lisa J. and Hamady, Li Ling and Gervelis, Brian J.}
}
@article {25,
	title = {Beach ridges as paleoseismic indicators of abrupt coastal subsidence during subduction zone earthquakes, and implications for Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone paleoseismology, southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska},
	journal = {Megathrust Earthquakes and Sea-level Change: a Tribute to George Plafker},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {147-158},
	abstract = {The Kenai section of the eastern Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone straddles two areas of high slip in the 1964 great Alaska earthquake and is the least studied of the three megathrust segments (Kodiak, Kenai, Prince William Sound) that ruptured in 1964. Investigation of two coastal sites in the eastern part of the Kenai segment, on the southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula, identified evidence for two subduction zone earthquakes that predate the 1964 earthquake. Both coastal sites provide paleoseismic data through inferred coseismic subsidence of wetlands and associated subsidence-induced erosion of beach ridges. At Verdant Cove, paleo-beach ridges record the paleoseismic history; whereas at Quicksand Cove, buried soils in drowned coastal wetlands are the primary indicators of paleoearthquake occurrence and age. The timing of submergence and death of trees mark the oldest earthquake at Verdant Cove that is consistent with the age of a well documented \~{}900-year-ago subduction zone earthquake that ruptured the Prince William Sound segment of the megathrust to the east and the Kodiak segment to the west. Soils buried within the last 400{\textendash}450 years mark the penultimate earthquake on the southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula. The penultimate earthquake probably occurred before AD 1840 from its absence in Russian historical accounts. The penultimate subduction zone earthquake on the Kenai segment did not rupture in conjunction with the Prince William Sound to the northeast. Therefore the Kenai segment, which is presently creeping, can rupture independently of the adjacent Prince William Sound segment that is presently locked.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.01.006},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379115000220},
	author = {Kelsey, Harvey M. and Witter, Robert C. and Engelhart, Simon E. and Briggs, Richard and Nelson, Alan and Haeussler, Peter and Corbett, D. Reide}
}
@article {2595,
	title = {Coastal evidence for Holocene subduction-zone earthquakes and tsunamis in central Chile},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-04-2015},
	pages = {93 - 111},
	abstract = {The \~{}500-year historical record of seismicity along the central Chile coast (30{\textendash}34{\textdegree}S) is characterized by a series of \~{}M 8.0{\textendash}8.5 earthquakes followed by low tsunamis (<4 m) occurring on the megathrust about every 80 years. One exception is the AD 1730 great earthquake (M 9.0{\textendash}9.5) and high tsunami (>10 m), but the frequency of such large events is unknown. We extend the seismic history of central Chile through a study of a lowland stratigraphic sequence along the metropolitan coast north of Valpara{\'\i}so (33{\textdegree}S). At this site, higher relative sea level during the mid Holocene created a tidal marsh and the accommodation space necessary for sediment that preserves earthquake and tsunami evidence. Within this 2600-yr-long sequence, we traced six laterally continuous sand beds probably deposited by high tsunamis. Plant remains that underlie the sand beds were radiocarbon dated to 6200, 5600, 5000, 4400, 3800, and 3700 cal yr BP. Sediment properties and diatom assemblages of the sand beds{\textemdash}for example, anomalous marine planktonic diatoms and upward fining of silt-sized diatom valves{\textemdash}point to a marine sediment source and high-energy deposition. Grain-size analysis shows a strong similarity between inferred tsunami deposits and modern coastal sediment. Upward fining sequences characteristic of suspension deposition are present in five of the six sand beds. Despite the lack of significant lithologic changes between the sedimentary units under- and overlying tsunami deposits, we infer that the increase in freshwater siliceous microfossils in overlying units records coseismic uplift concurrent with the deposition of five of the sand beds. During our mid-Holocene window of evidence preservation, the mean recurrence interval of earthquakes and tsunamis is \~{}500 years. Our findings imply that the frequency of historical earthquakes in central Chile is not representative of the greatest earthquakes and tsunamis that the central Chilean subduction zone has produced.},
	keywords = {Coastal hazards, Coastal paleoseismology, Diatom paleoecology, Prehistoric earthquakes, Tsunami Deposits},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.015},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.015},
	author = {Dura, Tina and Cisternas, Marco and Horton, Benjamin P. and Ely, Lisa L. and Nelson, Alan R. and Wesson, Robert L. and Pilarczyk, Jessica E.}
}
@article {2596,
	title = {A sea-level database for the Pacific coast of central North America},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-04-2015},
	pages = {78 - 92},
	abstract = {A database of published and new relative sea-level (RSL) data for the past 16 ka constrains the sea-level histories of the Pacific coast of central North America (southern British Columbia to central California). Our reevaluation of the stratigraphic context and radiocarbon age of sea-level indicators from geological and archaeological investigations yields 600 sea-level index points and 241 sea-level limiting points. We subdivided the database into 12 regions based on the availability of data, tectonic setting, and distance from the former Cordilleran ice sheet. Most index (95\%) and limiting points (54\%) are <7 ka; older data come mainly from British Columbia and San Francisco Bay. The stratigraphic position of points was used as a first-order assessment of compaction. Formerly glaciated areas show variable RSL change; where data are present, highstands of RSL occur immediately post-deglaciation and in the mid to late Holocene. Sites at the periphery and distant to formerly glaciated areas demonstrate a continuous rise in RSL with a decreasing rate through time due to the collapse of the peripheral forebulge and the reduction in meltwater input during deglaciation. Late Holocene RSL change varies spatially from falling at 0.7 {\textpm} 0.8 mm a-1 in southern British Columbia to rising at 1.5 {\textpm} 0.3 mm a-1 in California. The different sea-level histories are an ongoing isostatic response to deglaciation of the Cordilleran and Laurentide Ice Sheets.},
	keywords = {Cascadia subduction zone, Glacial isostatic adjustment, Holocene, Pacific North America, Sea-level database},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.12.001},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.12.001},
	author = {Engelhart, Simon E. and Vacchi, Matteo and Horton, Benjamin P. and Nelson, Alan R. and Kopp, Robert E.}
}
@article {2498,
	title = {Centennial-to-millennial hydrologic trends and variability along the North Atlantic Coast, USA, during the Holocene},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Apr-06-2016},
	pages = {4300 - 4307},
	abstract = {Geophysical and sedimentary records from five lakes in Massachusetts reveal regionally coherent hydrologic variability during the Holocene. All of the lakes have risen since ~9.0 ka, but multicentury droughts after 5.6 ka repeatedly lowered their water levels. Quantified water level histories from the three best-studied lakes share >70\% of their reconstructed variance. Four prominent low-water phases at 4.9{\textendash}4.6, 4.2{\textendash}3.9, 2.9{\textendash}2.1, and 1.3{\textendash}1.2 ka were synchronous across coastal lakes, even after accounting for age uncertainties. The droughts also affected sites up to ~200 km inland, but water level changes at 5.6{\textendash}4.9 ka appear out of phase between inland and coastal lakes. During the enhanced multicentury variability after ~5.6 ka, droughts coincided with cooling in Greenland and may indicate circulation changes across the North Atlantic region. Overall, the records demonstrate that current water levels are exceptionally high and confirm the sensitivity of water resources in the northeast U.S. to climate change.},
	doi = {10.1002/2014GL060183},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014GL060183https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2F2014GL060183},
	author = {Newby, Paige E. and Shuman, Bryan N. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Karnauskas, Kristopher B. and Marsicek, Jeremiah}
}
@article {2591,
	title = {Diverse rupture modes for surface-deforming upper-plate earthquakes in the southern Puget Lowland of Washington State},
	journal = {Geosphere},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-01-2014},
	pages = {769},
	abstract = {Earthquake prehistory of the southern Puget Lowland, in the north-south compressive regime of the migrating Cascadia forearc, reflects diverse earthquake rupture modes with variable recurrence. Stratigraphy and Bayesian analyses of previously reported and new 14C ages in trenches and cores along backthrust scarps in the Seattle fault zone restrict a large earthquake to 1040{\textendash}910 cal yr B.P. (2σ), an interval that includes the time of the M 7{\textendash}7.5 Restoration Point earthquake. A newly identified surface-rupturing earthquake along the Waterman Point backthrust dates to 940{\textendash}380 cal yr B.P., bringing the number of earthquakes in the Seattle fault zone in the past 3500 yr to 4 or 5. Whether scarps record earthquakes of moderate (M 5.5{\textendash}6.0) or large (M 6.5{\textendash}7.0) magnitude, backthrusts of the Seattle fault zone may slip during moderate to large earthquakes every few hundred years for periods of 1000{\textendash}2000 yr, and then not slip for periods of at least several thousands of years. Four new fault scarp trenches in the Tacoma fault zone show evidence of late Holocene folding and faulting about the time of a large earthquake or earthquakes inferred from widespread coseismic subsidence ca. 1000 cal yr B.P.; 12 ages from 8 sites in the Tacoma fault zone limit the earthquakes to 1050{\textendash}980 cal yr B.P. Evidence is too sparse to determine whether a large earthquake was closely predated or postdated by other earthquakes in the Tacoma basin, but the scarp of the Tacoma fault was formed by multiple earthquakes. In the northeast-striking Saddle Mountain deformation zone, along the western limit of the Seattle and Tacoma fault zones, analysis of previous ages limits earthquakes to 1200{\textendash}310 cal yr B.P. The prehistory clarifies earthquake clustering in the central Puget Lowland, but cannot resolve potential structural links among the three Holocene fault zones.},
	issn = {1553040X},
	doi = {10.1130/GES00967.110.1130/GES00967.S1},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geosphere/article/10/4/769-796/132175},
	author = {Nelson, Alan R. and Personius, Stephen F. and Sherrod, Brian L. and Kelsey, Harvey M. and Johnson, Samuel Y. and Bradley, Lee-Ann and Wells, Ray E.}
}
@article {553,
	title = {Gas hydrate destabilization and methane release events in the Krishna{\textendash}Godavari Basin, Bay of Bengal},
	journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2014},
	note = {AAy4wyTimes Cited:2Cited References Count:97},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {476-489},
	abstract = {Methane release events have been linked to global warming, alteration of the carbon cycle and influence on biota. However, unequivocal evidence of paleomethane release events are limited. We report several negative carbon stable isotope excursions in planktic and benthic foraminifera in a core (MD161-8) from the Krishna-Godavari (K{\textendash}G) Basin, Bay of Bengal. The most negative δ13C spikes are recorded during the marine isotope stages MIS-4 and at the transition of MIS-5 to 4. Occurrence of highly 13C depleted (average δ13C = -48 {\textpm} 2.4{\textperthousand} VPDB) authigenic high magnesian calcite are also reported within this time window from the core MD161-8. In the present work an unequivocal explanation for the observed 13C depletion in the marine planktic and benthic foraminifera is difficult to achieve solely from the optical/electron microscopy or C{\textendash}O stable isotope ratio analyses due to possible influence of diagenetic alteration. We attribute the observed episodic methane expulsion events, as inferred from the negative δ13C excursions and earlier reports on the occurrence chemosynthetic bivalves and Mo concentration anomaly to the destabilization of the base of gas hydrate stability zone (BGHSZ). Sea level drop and shale tectonics induced focused fluid flow are the two possible causes of hydrate destabilization discussed here. Shale tectonics were possibly responsible for creating fault systems which acted as the conduit for gas flow through the sediment column and subsequent seepage. Shale and salt tectonics in the passive continental margins being a globally observed phenomenon, its role as an important driving force for enhanced methane emission needs detailed investigation to understand the climatic perturbations through geologic time. Additional evidence of methane emission from site MD161-15 further supports the link between shale tectonics and methane emission.},
	issn = {0264-8172},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.08.013},
	author = {Joshi, R. K. and Mazumdar, A. and Peketi, A. and Ramamurty, P. B. and Naik, B. G. and Kocherla, M. and Carvalho, Mary Ann and Mahalakshmi, P. and Dewangan, P. and Ramana, M. V.}
}
@article {2537,
	title = {Glacial to deglacial ventilation and productivity changes in the southern Okhotsk Sea},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {395},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-02-2014},
	pages = {53 - 66},
	abstract = {As a source region of North Pacific Intermediate Water, the Okhotsk Sea plays an important role in the ventilation of the North Pacific. To understand the detailed oceanographic changes in this marginal sea since the last glaciation, we studied decadal to centennial scale proxy records from new sediment cores from the southwestern Okhotsk Sea. Glacial to Holocene Δ14C records of benthic foraminiferal shells suggested enhanced ventilation in the Okhotsk Sea during the early deglacial period between 18 and 15 ka, corresponding to Heinrich Event 1. Although the Δ14C reconstruction has considerable uncertainties, the Okhotsk Sea may have acted as a source for vigorous ventilation of the subarctic Pacific during this period. CaCO3 preservation events appear to be better explained by the ventilation history of the Okhotsk Sea than by coccolithophores and foraminifera production. CaCO3 preservation started to improve during 18 to 15 ka, and pronounced peaks in the CaCO3 content corresponded to the B{\o}lling{\textendash}Aller{\o}d (15 to 13 ka) and Preboreal (11.5 to 10 ka) warm periods. Diatom and coccolithophore productivity remained low in the Okhotsk Sea throughout the glacial to deglacial periods, different from the situation in the open subarctic Pacific, where high productivity was observed during the B{\o}lling{\textendash}Aller{\o}d period. After the Preboreal period, biogenic opal gradually increased and δ15N decreased in the southern Okhotsk Sea, suggesting that productivity was enhanced by a relaxation of the nitrate limitation.},
	keywords = {Glacial{\textendash}deglacial change, Okhotsk Sea, productivity, ventilation},
	issn = {00310182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.12.013},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.12.013},
	author = {Okazaki, Yusuke and Kimoto, Katsunori and Asahi, Hirofumi and Sato, Miyako and Nakamura, Yuriko and Harada, Naomi}
}
@article {2592,
	title = {Holocene earthquakes and right-lateral slip on the left-lateral Darrington-Devils Mountain fault zone, northern Puget Sound, Washington},
	journal = {Geosphere},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-12-2014},
	pages = {1482 - 1500},
	abstract = {Sources of seismic hazard in the Puget Sound region of northwestern Washington include deep earthquakes associated with the Cascadia subduction zone, and shallow earthquakes associated with some of the numerous crustal (upper-plate) faults that crisscross the region. Our paleoseismic investigations on one of the more prominent crustal faults, the Darrington{\textendash}Devils Mountain fault zone, included trenching of fault scarps developed on latest Pleistocene glacial sediments and analysis of cores from an adjacent wetland near Lake Creek, 14 km southeast of Mount Vernon, Washington. Trench excavations revealed evidence of a single earthquake, radiocarbon dated to ca. 2 ka, but extensive burrowing and root mixing of sediments within 50{\textendash}100 cm of the ground surface may have destroyed evidence of other earthquakes. Cores in a small wetland adjacent to our trench site provided stratigraphic evidence (formation of a laterally extensive, prograding wedge of hillslope colluvium) of an earthquake ca. 2 ka, which we interpret to be the same earthquake documented in the trenches. A similar colluvial wedge lower in the wetland section provides possible evidence for a second earthquake dated to ca. 8 ka. Three-dimensional trenching techniques revealed evidence for 2.2 {\textpm} 1.1 m of right-lateral offset of a glacial outwash channel margin, and 45{\textendash}70 cm of north-side-up vertical separation across the fault zone. These offsets indicate a net slip vector of 2.3 {\textpm} 1.1 m, plunging 14{\textdegree} west on a 286{\textdegree}-striking, 90{\textdegree}-dipping fault plane. The dominant right-lateral sense of slip is supported by the presence of numerous Riedel R shears preserved in two of our trenches, and probable right-lateral offset of a distinctive bedrock fault zone in a third trench. Holocene north-side-up, right-lateral oblique slip is opposite the south-side-up, left-lateral oblique sense of slip inferred from geologic mapping of Eocene and older rocks along the fault zone. The cause of this slip reversal is unknown but may be related to clockwise rotation of the Darrington{\textendash}Devils Mountain fault zone into a position more favorable to right-lateral slip in the modern N-S compressional stress field.},
	doi = {10.1130/GES01067.1},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geosphere/article/10/6/1482-1500/132254},
	author = {Personius, S. F. and Briggs, R. W. and Nelson, A. R. and Schermer, E. R. and Maharrey, J. Z. and Sherrod, B. L. and Spaulding, S. A. and Bradley, L.-A.}
}
@article {43,
	title = {Maximum age and missing time in the vertebrae of sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus): validated lifespan from bomb radiocarbon dating in the western North Atlantic and southwestern Indian Oceans},
	journal = {Marine and Freshwater Research},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2014},
	note = {id: 2352},
	pages = {674 - 687},
	abstract = {Bomb radiocarbon analysis of vertebral growth bands was used to validate lifespan for sand tiger sharks (Carcharias taurus) from the western North Atlantic (WNA) and southwestern Indian Oceans (SIO). Visual counts of vertebral growth bands were used to assign age and estimate year of formation (YOF) for sampled growth bands in eight sharks from the WNA and two sharks from the SIO. Carbon-14 results were plotted relative to YOF for comparison with regional Δ14C reference chronologies to assess the accuracy of age estimates. Results from the WNA validated vertebral age estimates up to 12 years, but indicated that ages of large adult sharks were underestimated by 11{\textendash}12 years. Age was also underestimated for adult sharks from the SIO by 14{\textendash}18 years. Validated lifespan for C. taurus individuals in the present study reached at least 40 years for females and 34 years for males. Findings indicated that the current age-reading methodology is not suitable for estimating the age of C. taurus beyond ~12 years. Future work should investigate whether vertebrae of C. taurus record age throughout ontogeny, or cease to be a reliable indicator at some point in time.},
	doi = {10.1071/MF13214},
	author = {Passerotti, M. S. and Andrews, A. H. and Carlson, J. K. and Wintner, S. P. and Goldman, K. J. and Natanson, L. J.}
}
@article { ISI:000351852200011,
	title = {Timing and preservation mechanism of deglacial pteropod spike from the Andaman Sea, northeastern Indian Ocean},
	journal = {BOREAS},
	volume = {44},
	number = {{2}},
	year = {2014},
	month = {AUG},
	pages = {432-444},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The aragonite compensation depth (ACD) fluctuated considerably during the last glacial until the Holocene with a dominant pteropod preservation spike during the deglacial period, which is prominently seen in three well-dated cores covering the Andaman Sea, northeastern Indian Ocean. The precise time period of the preservation spike of pteropods is not known but this knowledge is crucial for stratigraphical correlation and also for understanding the driving mechanism. Isotopic and foraminiferal proxies were used to decipher the possible mechanism for pteropods preservation in the Andaman Sea. The poor preservation/absence of pteropods during the Holocene in the Andaman Sea may have implications for ocean acidification, driven by enhanced atmospheric CO2 concentration. Strengthening of the summer monsoon and the resultant high biological productivity may also have played a role in the poor preservation of pteropods. The deglacial pteropod spike is characterized by high abundance/preservation of the pteropods between approximate to 19 and 15cal. ka BP, associated with very low atmospheric CO2 concentration. Isotope data suggest the prevalence of a glacial environment with reduced sea surface temperature, upwelling and enhanced salinity during the pteropod preservation spike. Total planktic foraminifera and Globigerina bulloides abundances are low during this period, implying a weakened summer monsoon and reduced foraminiferal productivity. Based on the preservation record of pteropods, it is inferred that the ACD was probably deepest (>2900m) at 16.5cal. ka BP. The synchronous regional occurrence of the pteropod preservation spike in the Andaman Sea and in the northwestern Indian Ocean could potentially be employed as a stratigraphic marker.},
	issn = {0300-9483},
	doi = {10.1111/bor.12099},
	author = {Sijinkumar, Adukkam V. and Nath, Bejugam N. and Guptha, Medimi V. S. and Ahmad, Syed M. and Rao, Bandaru R.}
}
@article {2593,
	title = {Uplift and subsidence reveal a nonpersistent megathrust rupture boundary (Sitkinak Island, Alaska)},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Apr-04-2015},
	pages = {2289 - 2296},
	abstract = {We report stratigraphic evidence of land-level change and tsunami inundation along the Alaska-Aleutian megathrust during prehistoric and historical earthquakes west of Kodiak Island. On Sitkinak Island, cores and tidal outcrops fringing a lagoon reveal five sharp lithologic contacts that record coseismic land-level change. Radiocarbon dates, 137Cs profiles, computerized tomography scans, and microfossil assemblages are consistent with rapid uplift circa 290{\textendash}0, 520{\textendash}300, and 1050{\textendash}790 cal yr B.P. and subsidence in A.D. 1964 and circa 640{\textendash}510 cal yr B.P. Radiocarbon, 137Cs, and 210Pb ages bracketing a sand bed traced 1.5 km inland and evidence for sudden uplift are consistent with Russian accounts of an earthquake and tsunami in A.D. 1788. The mixed uplift and subsidence record suggests that Sitkinak Island sits above a nonpersistent boundary near the southwestern limit of the A.D. 1964 Mw 9.2 megathrust rupture.},
	doi = {10.1002/2014GL059380},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014GL059380},
	author = {Briggs, Richard W. and Engelhart, Simon E. and Nelson, Alan R. and Dura, Tina and Kemp, Andrew C. and Haeussler, Peter J. and Corbett, D. Reide and Angster, Stephen J. and Bradley, Lee-Ann}
}
@article {2475,
	title = {Validated age and growth estimates for Carcharhinus obscurus in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, with pre- and post management growth comparisons},
	journal = {Environmental Biology of Fishes},
	volume = {97109251443124592565546445894545835645277154931266199319909310036110823842426199561196662521049},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-08-2014},
	pages = {881 - 896},
	abstract = {Age and growth estimates for the dusky shark, Carcharhinus obscurus, were derived from vertebral centra collected in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Sample collection spanned the years prior to and following the implementation ofmanagementmeasures (1963{\textendash} 2010). Growth was compared pre- and post- population depletion and pre- and post- management to investigate the possibility of density-mediated shifts in age and growth parameters over time. There was no evidence of difference between periods for either sex. Additionally, bomb radiocarbon dating was used to determine the periodicity of band pair formation. Results support the traditional interpretation of annual band pairs up to approximately 11 years of age. After this time, vertebral counts considerably underestimate true age. Maximum validated ages were estimated to be between 38 and 42 years of age (an increase of 15 to 19 years over the band count estimates), confirming longevity to at least 42 years of age. Growth curves estimated using only validated data were compared to those generated using band pair counts. Logistic growth parameters derived from validated vertebral length-at-age data were L$\infty$=261.5 cm FL, Lo=85.5 cm, to=4.89 year and g=0.15 year-1 for the sexes combined. Revised estimates of age at maturity were 17.4 years for males and 17.6 years for females.},
	keywords = {Age and growth, bomb radiocarbon, Dusky shark, Elasmobranch, Validation, Vertebrae},
	issn = {0378-1909},
	doi = {10.1007/s10641-013-0189-4},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10641-013-0189-4http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10641-013-0189-4},
	author = {Natanson, Lisa J. and Gervelis, Brian J. and Winton, Megan V. and Hamady, Li Ling and Gulak, Simon J. B. and Carlson, John K.}
}
@article {60,
	title = {Vertebral Bomb Radiocarbon Suggests Extreme Longevity in White Sharks},
	journal = {Plos One},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PT: J; TC: 0; UT: WOS:000329862500089},
	pages = {e84006-e84006},
	abstract = {Conservation and management efforts for white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) remain hampered by a lack of basic demographic information including age and growth rates. Sharks are typically aged by counting growth bands sequentially deposited in their vertebrae, but the assumption of annual deposition of these band pairs requires testing. We compared radiocarbon (Delta C-14) values in vertebrae from four female and four male white sharks from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean (NWA) with reference chronologies documenting the marine uptake of C-14 produced by atmospheric testing of thermonuclear devices to generate the first radiocarbon age estimates for adult white sharks. Age estimates were up to 40 years old for the largest female (fork length [FL]: 526 cm) and 73 years old for the largest male (FL: 493 cm). Our results dramatically extend the maximum age and longevity of white sharks compared to earlier studies, hint at possible sexual dimorphism in growth rates, and raise concerns that white shark populations are considerably more sensitive to human-induced mortality than previously thought.},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0084006},
	author = {Hamady, Li Ling and Natanson, Lisa J. and Skomal, Gregory B. and Thorrold, Simon R.}
}
@inbook {606,
	title = {14.31 Radiocarbon Dating of Plant Macrofossils from Tidal-Marsh Sediment},
	booktitle = {Treatise on Geomorphology},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2293},
	pages = {370-388},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	address = {San Diego},
	abstract = {Tidal-marsh sediment is an archive of Holocene environmental changes, including movements of sea and land levels, and extreme events such as hurricanes, earthquakes, and tsunamis. Accurate and precise radiocarbon dating of environmental changes is necessary to estimate rates of change and the recurrence interval (frequency) of events. Plant macrofossils preserved in growth position (or deposited soon after death) in tidal-marsh sediment are ideal samples for dating such changes. In this chapter, we focus on the selection of plant macrofossils for radiocarbon dating and the application of ages from different types of macrofossils to varied research projects, and make recommendations for selection and preparation of tidal-marsh samples for dating.},
	issn = {9780080885223},
	doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00400-0},
	author = {Kemp, A. C. and Nelson, A. R. and Horton, B. P.},
	editor = {Editor-in-Chief: John, F. Shroder}
}
@article {118,
	title = {Bomb radiocarbon dating of the endangered white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni): investigations of age, growth and lifespan},
	journal = {Marine and Freshwater Research},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2351; PT: J; TC: 0; UT: WOS:000326166400004},
	pages = {1029-1039},
	abstract = {Understanding basic life-history characteristics of white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni), such as estimated lifespan, is critical to making informed decisions regarding the recovery of this endangered species. All predictive modelling tools used to forecast the status and health of populations following restoration activities depend on a validated estimate of adult lifespan. Of the seven Haliotis species in California, white abalone is considered to have the highest extinction risk and was the first marine invertebrate listed as an endangered species under the Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). Lifespan was previously estimated from observations of early growth; however, no study has generated ages for the largest white abalone. To address questions of age and growth, bomb radiocarbon (C-14) dating was used on shells from large white abalone. Measured bomb C-14 levels were compared to regional C-14 reference records to provide estimates of age, growth and lifespan. Bomb radiocarbon dating indicated that growth was variable among individuals, with a maximum estimated age of 27 years. The findings presented here provide support for previous age and growth estimates and an estimated lifespan near 30 years. These age data support the perception of a critical need for restoring the remnant aging and potentially senescent population.},
	issn = {1323-1650},
	doi = {10.1071/MF13007},
	author = {Andrews, Allen H. and Leaf, Robert T. and Rogers-Bennett, Laura and Neuman, Melissa and Hawk, Heather and Cailliet, Gregor M.}
}
@article {2590,
	title = {Heterogeneous rupture in the great Cascadia earthquake of 1700 inferred from coastal subsidence estimates},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {118},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-05-2013},
	pages = {2460 - 2473},
	abstract = {Past earthquake rupture models used to explain paleoseismic estimates of coastal subsidence during the great A.D. 1700 Cascadia earthquake have assumed a uniform slip distribution along the megathrust. Here we infer heterogeneous slip for the Cascadia margin in A.D. 1700 that is analogous to slip distributions during instrumentally recorded great subduction earthquakes worldwide. The assumption of uniform distribution in previous rupture models was due partly to the large uncertainties of then available paleoseismic data used to constrain the models. In this work, we use more precise estimates of subsidence in 1700 from detailed tidal microfossil studies. We develop a 3-D elastic dislocation model that allows the slip to vary both along strike and in the dip direction. Despite uncertainties in the updip and downdip slip extensions, the more precise subsidence estimates are best explained by a model with along-strike slip heterogeneity, with multiple patches of high-moment release separated by areas of low-moment release. For example, in A.D. 1700, there was very little slip near Alsea Bay, Oregon (~44.4{\textdegree}N), an area that coincides with a segment boundary previously suggested on the basis of gravity anomalies. A probable subducting seamount in this area may be responsible for impeding rupture during great earthquakes. Our results highlight the need for more precise, high-quality estimates of subsidence or uplift during prehistoric earthquakes from the coasts of southern British Columbia, northern Washington (north of 47{\textdegree}N), southernmost Oregon, and northern California (south of 43{\textdegree}N), where slip distributions of prehistoric earthquakes are poorly constrained.},
	doi = {10.1002/jgrb.50101},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgrb.50101},
	author = {Wang, Pei-Ling and Engelhart, Simon E. and Wang, Kelin and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Nelson, Alan R. and Witter, Robert C.}
}
@article {83,
	title = {Paleoclimate changes of the last 1000 yr on the eastern Qinghai{\textendash}Tibetan Plateau recorded by elemental, isotopic, and molecular organic matter proxies in sediment from glacial Lake Ximencuo},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {379{\textendash}380},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2310},
	pages = {39-53},
	abstract = {Total organic carbon (Corg) and nitrogen (Ntot) concentrations and isotope compositions and n-alkane and n-alkan-ol molecular biomarker compositions were measured in two parallel sediment cores from Lake Ximencuo, a typical glacial lake on the eastern Qinghai{\textendash}Tibetan Plateau (QTP), to reconstruct local climatic variations during the past 1000 yr. Concentrations of Corg and Ntot vary similarly with changes in precipitation recorded by tree rings in Dulan, northeastern QTP, indicating their close relation to precipitation. Carbon Preference Index (CPI) values of C22{\textendash}C33 n-alkanes and C22{\textendash}C28 n-alkan-1-ols and Average Chain Length (ACL) values of C27{\textendash}C33 n-alkanes generally negatively correlate with δ13Corg and δ15Ntot and also vary comparably with the oxygen isotope temperature record from the Dunde ice core, northeastern QTP. These patterns indicate that high CPI values and negative shifts of the δ13Corg and δ15Ntot correspond to warmer conditions that favor the growth of vascular land plants and that lower values and positive shifts correspond to cooler conditions in the Lake Ximencuo locality. This observation contradicts previous interpretations from peat and modern soil studies that conclude that the CPI indices were controlled by microbial degradation under different climate conditions. Here we propose that the changes of organic matter sources under different climate regimes, combined with physiological adjustments of vascular plants to different air temperatures, might yield different CPI responses to climate changes in glacial plateau lakes. Air temperature and precipitation increases and decreases reconstructed in this 1000-yr study were generally independent of each other, but they both occurred at centennial or multi-centennial scales. The interaction between subtropical (Asian Monsoon) and mid-latitude (Westerly) atmospheric circulation systems probably dominated the local precipitation variations in the Lake Ximencuo catchment, whereas solar insolation, volcanism and greenhouse gas variations were likely responsible for the air temperature changes that are recorded in the lake sediments and that are consistent with regional temperature variations in the eastern QTP.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.03.023},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018213001648},
	author = {Pu, Yang and Nace, Trevor and Meyers, Philip A. and Zhang, Hucai and Wang, Yongli and Zhang, Chuanlun L. and Shao, Xiaohua}
}
@article {130,
	title = {Chemical and bacteriological analysis of soil from the Middle and Late Weichselian from Western Spitsbergen, Arctic},
	journal = {The environment and chronology of the earliest occupation of north-west Europe: current knowledge, problems and new research directions},
	volume = {271},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2316},
	pages = {98-105},
	abstract = {This paper discusses temporal variability in the biogeochemical properties of the deeper permafrost soils of Western Spitsbergen, Arctic, that dates back up to the Middle Weichselian period (44.8 ka BP). Results indicate that during the mid of the last interstadial (\~{}37 ka BP) the chemical and biological properties of the soils were different from the stadial period that followed. Trace element concentration during the period remained low. Electrical conductivity along with K, Mg, Na, SO4-2, Cl- and HCO3- content of the soils during this period was high. Mineralizable nitrogen, organic carbon, biomass nitrogen and total bacterial counts were also high. These observations concurrently lead to a conclusion that the soils of Western Spitsbergen during the interstadial period were under marine influence. The culturability of bacterial cells was low which increased later with the onset of the stadial.},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2012.03.008},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618212001541},
	author = {Singh, Shiv Mohan and Sharma, Jagdev and Gawas-Sakhalkar, Puja and Upadhyay, Ajay K. and Naik, Simantini and Bande, Dnyanesh and Ravindra, Rasik}
}
@article {135,
	title = {Composition and fate of gas and oil released to the water column during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {109},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2247; PT: J; TC: 10; UT: WOS:000312605600028},
	pages = {20229-20234},
	abstract = {Quantitative information regarding the endmember composition of the gas and oil that flowed from the Macondo well during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill is essential for determining the oil flow rate, total oil volume released, and trajectories and fates of hydrocarbon components in the marine environment. Using isobaric gas-tight samplers, we collected discrete samples directly above the Macondo well on June 21, 2010, and analyzed the gas and oil. We found that the fluids flowing from the Macondo well had a gas-to-oil ratio of 1,600 standard cubic feet per petroleum barrel. Based on the measured endmember gas-to-oil ratio and the Federally estimated net liquid oil release of 4.1 million barrels, the total amount of C-1-C-5 hydrocarbons released to the water column was 1.7 x 10(11) g. The endmember gas and oil compositions then enabled us to study the fractionation of petroleum hydrocarbons in discrete water samples collected in June 2010 within a southwest trending hydrocarbon-enriched plume of neutrally buoyant water at a water depth of 1,100 m. The most abundant petroleum hydrocarbons larger than C-1-C-5 were benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylenes at concentrations up to 78 mu gL(-1). Comparison of the endmember gas and oil composition with the composition of water column samples showed that the plume was preferentially enriched with water-soluble components, indicating that aqueous dissolution played a major role in plume formation, whereas the fates of relatively insoluble petroleum components were initially controlled by other processes.},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1101242108},
	author = {Reddy, Christopher M. and Arey, J. Samuel and Seewald, Jeffrey S. and Sylva, Sean P. and Lemkau, Karin L. and Nelson, Robert K. and Carmichael, Catherine A. and McIntyre, Cameron P. and Fenwick, Judith and Ventura, G. Todd and Van Mooy, Benjamin A. S. and Camilli, Richard}
}
@article {143,
	title = {The Medieval Climate Anomaly in the Iberian Peninsula reconstructed from marine and lake records},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2334},
	pages = {16-32},
	abstract = {Selected multi-proxy and accurately dated marine and terrestrial records covering the past 2000 years in the Iberian Peninsula (IP) facilitated a comprehensive regional paleoclimate reconstruction for the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA: 900{\textendash}1300 AD). The sequences enabled an integrated approach to land{\textendash}sea comparisons and, despite local differences and some minor chronological inconsistencies, presented clear evidence that the MCA was a dry period in the Mediterranean IP. It was a period characterized by decreased lake levels, more xerophytic and heliophytic vegetation, a low frequency of floods, major Saharan eolian fluxes, and less fluvial input to marine basins. In contrast, reconstruction based on sequences from the Atlantic Ocean side of the peninsula indicated increased humidity. The data highlight the unique characteristics of the MCA relative to earlier (the Dark Ages, DA: ca 500{\textendash}900 years AD) and subsequent (the Little Ice Age, LIA: 1300{\textendash}1850 years AD) colder periods. The reconstruction supports the hypothesis of Trouet et al. (2009), that a persistent positive mode of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) dominated the MCA.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.04.007},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112001485},
	author = {Moreno, Ana and P{\'e}rez, Ana and Frigola, Jaime and Nieto-Moreno, Vanesa and Rodrigo-G{\'a}miz, Marta and Martrat, Bel{\'e}n and Gonz{\'a}lez-Samp{\'e}riz, Pen{\'e}lope and Morell{\'o}n, Mario and Mart{\'\i}n-Puertas, Celia and Corella, Juan Pablo and Belmonte, {\'A}nchel and Sancho, Carlos and Cacho, Isabel and Herrera, Gemma and Canals, Miquel and Grimalt, Joan O. and Jim{\'e}nez-Espejo, Francisco and Mart{\'\i}nez-Ruiz, Francisca and Vegas-Vilarr{\'u}bia, Teresa and Valero-Garc{\'e}s, Blas L.}
}
@article {139,
	title = {Postglacial (after 18 ka) deep-sea sedimentation along the Hikurangi subduction margin (New Zealand): Characterisation, timing and origin of turbidites},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {295{\textendash}298},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2142},
	pages = {51-76},
	abstract = {Recent sedimentation along the Hikurangi subduction margin off northeastern New Zealand is investigated using a series of piston cores collected between 2003 and 2008. The active Hikurangi Margin lies along the Pacific{\textendash}Australia subduction plate boundary and contains a diverse range of geomorphologic settings. Slope basin stratigraphy is thick and complex, resulting from sustained high rates of sedimentation from adjacent muddy rivers throughout the Quaternary. Turbidites deposited since c. 18 ka in the Poverty, Ruatoria and Matakaoa re-entrants are central to this study in that they provide a detailed record of the past climatic conditions and tectonic activity. Here, alternating hemipelagite, turbidite, debrite and tephra layers reflect distinctive depositional modes of marine sedimentation, turbidity current, debris flow and volcanic eruption, respectively. Turbidites dominate the record, ranging in lithofacies from muddy to sandy turbidites, and include some basal-reverse graded turbidites inferred to be derived from hyperpycnal flows. Stacked turbidites are common and indicate multiple gravity-flows over short time periods. The chronology of turbidites is determined by collating an extremely dense set of radiocarbon ages and dated tephra, which facilitate sedimentation rate calculation and identification of the origin of turbidites. Sedimentation rates range from 285 cm/ka during late glacial time (18.5{\textendash}17 ka) to 15 to 109 cm/ka during postglacial time (17{\textendash}0 ka). Turbidite deposition is controlled by: (1) the emplacement of slope avalanches reorganising sediment pathways; (2) the postglacial marine transgression leading to a five-fold reduction in sediment supply to the slope due to disconnection of river mouths from the shelf edge, and (3) the Holocene/Pleistocene boundary climate warming resulting in a drastic decrease in the average turbidite grain-size. Flood-induced turbidites are scarce: nine hyperpycnites are recognised since 18 ka and the youngest is correlated to the largest ENSO-related storm event recorded onland (Lake Tutira). Other turbidites contain a benthic foraminiferal assemblage which is strictly reworked from the upper slope and which relates to large earthquakes over the last c. 7 ka. They yield a shorter return time (270{\textendash}430 years) than the published coastal records for large earthquakes (c. 670 years), but the offshore record is likely to be more complete. The deep-sea sedimentation along the New Zealand active margin illustrates the complex interaction of tectonic and climate in turbidite generation. Climate warming and glacio-eustatic fluctuations are well recorded at a millennial timescale (18 ka), while tectonic deformation and earthquakes appear predominant in fostering turbidite production at a centennial timescale (270{\textendash}430 years).},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2011.11.002},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322711002507},
	author = {Pouderoux, Hugo and Proust, Jean-No{\"e}l and Lamarche, Geoffroy and Orpin, Alan and Neil, Helen}
}
@article {1345,
	title = {Test Drilling and Data Collection in the Calaveras County Portion of the Eastern San Joaquin Groundwater Subbasin, California , December 2009 {\textendash} June 2011},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012},
	institution = {U.S. Department of the Interior: U.S. Geological Survey},
	author = {Metzger, L. F. and Izbicki, J. A. and Nawikas, J. M.}
}
@article {175,
	title = {Associated terrestrial and marine fossils in the late-glacial Presumpscot Formation, southern Maine, USA, and the marine reservoir effect on radiocarbon ages},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2011; PT: J; UT: WOS:000290831500018},
	pages = {552-565},
	abstract = {Excavations in the late-glacial Presumpscot Formation at Portland, Maine, uncovered tree remains and other terrestrial organics associated with marine invertebrate shells in a landslide deposit. Buds of Populus balsamifera (balsam poplar) occurred with twigs of Picea glauca (white spruce) in the Presumpscot clay. Tree rings in Picea logs indicate that the trees all died during winter dormancy in the same year. Ring widths show patterns of variation indicating responses to environmental changes. Fossil mosses and insects represent a variety of species and wet to dry microsites. The late-glacial environment at the site was similar to that of today{\textquoteright}s Maine coast. Radiocarbon ages of 14 tree samples are 11,907 +/- 31 to 11,650 +/- 50 (14)C yr BP. Wiggle matching of dated tree-ring segments to radiocarbon calibration data sets dates the landslide occurrence at ca. 13,520 + 95/-20 cal yr BP. Ages of shells juxtaposed with the logs are 12,850 +/- 65 (14)C yr BP (Mytilus edulis) and 12,800 +/- 55 (14)C yr BP (Balanus sp.), indicating a marine reservoir age of about 1000 yr. Using this value to correct previously published radiocarbon ages reduces the discrepancy between the Maine deglaciation chronology and the varve-based chronology elsewhere in New England. (C) 2011 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2011.02.002},
	author = {Thompson, Woodrow B. and Griggs, Carol B. and Miller, Norton G. and Nelson, Robert E. and Weddle, Thomas K. and Kilian, Taylor M.}
}
@article {207,
	title = {Coastal subsidence in Oregon, USA, during the giant Cascadia earthquake of AD 1700},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2143},
	pages = {364-376},
	abstract = {Quantitative estimates of land-level change during the giant AD 1700 Cascadia earthquake along the Oregon coast are inferred from relative sea-level changes reconstructed from fossil foraminiferal assemblages preserved within the stratigraphic record. A transfer function, based upon a regional training set of modern sediment samples from Oregon estuaries, is calibrated to fossil assemblages in sequences of samples across buried peat-mud and peat-sand contacts marking the AD 1700 earthquake. Reconstructions of sample elevations with sample-specific errors estimate the amount of coastal subsidence during the earthquake at six sites along 400 km of coast. The elevation estimates are supported by lithological, carbon isotope, and faunal tidal zonation data. Coseismic subsidence at Nehalem River, Nestucca River, Salmon River, Alsea Bay, Siuslaw River and South Slough varies between 0.18 m and 0.85 m with errors between 0.18 m and 0.32 m. These subsidence estimates are more precise, consistent, and generally lower than previous semi-quantitative estimates. Following earlier comparisons of semi-quantitative subsidence estimates with elastic dislocation models of megathrust rupture during great earthquakes, our lower estimates for central and northern Oregon are consistent with modeled rates of strain accumulation and amounts of slip on the subduction megathrust, and thus, with a magnitude of 9 for the AD 1700 earthquake.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.11.017},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379110004130},
	author = {Hawkes, A. D. and Horton, B. P. and Nelson, A. R. and Vane, C. H. and Sawai, Y.}
}
@article {179,
	title = {Pulleniatina Minimum Events in the Andaman Sea (NE Indian Ocean): Implications for winter monsoon and thermocline changes},
	journal = {Marine Micropaleontology},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2159},
	pages = {88-94},
	abstract = {The late Quaternary record of Pulleniatina obliquiloculata was investigated from two well dated sediment cores from the Andaman Sea (NE Indian Ocean) to examine its paleoceanographic significance and the presence of the Pulleniatina Minimum Events (PME) in the western North Pacific. As in the Pacific, our study shows that PMEs exist in the Indian Ocean albeit with a lower intensity. The Holocene PME occurs between 4.5 and 3.0 cal ka BP with a considerable reduction in P. obliquiloculata abundance, and which matches well with the Pacific records influenced by the Kuroshio Current. Additionally, two significant minimum events of P. obliquiloculata are also seen during the Younger Dryas (YD) and late Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 20{\textendash}18 cal ka BP). Overall, the PMEs of the Andaman Sea are not current driven events like in the western Pacific margin either by the weakening of the Kuroshio Current or reduced winter SSTs. The PMEs of the Andaman Sea are characterised by lower abundances of thermocline species indicating the increased depth of the thermocline (DOT) and reduced winter SSTs mainly during the minimum events of the YD and late LGM. The high SSTs during the Holocene PME make this event a mystery. However, the presence of PMEs in the Andaman Sea suggests that these events are not confined to areas influenced by the Kuroshio Current but may be responding to a broad scale oceanographic{\textendash}climatic process or mechanism which needs to be explored with a detailed study.},
	issn = {0377-8398},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marmicro.2011.09.001},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377839811000909},
	author = {Sijinkumar, A. V. and Nath, B. Nagender and Possnert, G. and Aldahan, A.}
}
@article {177,
	title = {Radiocarbon chronology of the late-glacial Puerto Bandera moraines, Southern Patagonian Icefield, Argentina},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 1954; PT: J; UT: WOS:000295387000014},
	pages = {2551-2569},
	abstract = {We report radiocarbon dates that constrain the timing of the deposition of the late-glacial Puerto Bandera moraine system alongside the western reaches of Lago Argentino adjacent to the Southern Patagonian Icefield. Close maximum-limiting radiocarbon ages (n = 11) for glacier advance into the outer moraines, with a mean value of 11,100 +/- 60 (14)C yrs BP (12,990 +/- 80 cal yrs BP), were obtained from wood in deformation (soft) till exposed beneath flow and lodgment till in Bahia del Quemado on the northeast side of Brazo Norte (North Branch) of western Lago Argentino. Other exposures of this basal deformation till in Bahia del Quemado reveal incorporated clasts of peat, along with larger inclusions of deformed glaciofluvial and lacustrine deposits. Radiocarbon dates of wood included in these reworked peat clasts range from 11,450 +/- 45 (14)C yrs BP to 13,450 +/- 150 (14)C yrs BP (13,315 +/- 60 to 16,440 +/- 340 cal yrs BP). The implication is that, during this interval, glacier fronts were situated inboard of the Puerto Bandera moraines, with the peat clasts and larger proglacial deposits being eroded and then included in the basal till during the Puerto Bandera advance. Minimum-limiting radiocarbon ages for ice retreat come from basal peat in cores sampled in spillways and depressions generated during abandonment of the Puerto Bandera moraines. Glacier recession and subsequent plant colonization were initiated close behind different frontal sectors of these moraines prior to: 10,750 +/- 75 (14)C yrs BP (12,660 +/- 70 cal yrs BP) east of Brazo Rico, 10,550 +/- 55 (14)C yrs BP (12,490 +/- 80 cal yrs BP) in Peninsula Avellaneda, and 10,400 +/- 50 (14)C yrs BP (12,280 +/- 110 cal yrs BP) in Bahia Catalana. In addition, a radiocarbon date indicates that by 10,350 +/- 45 (14)C yrs BP (12,220 +/- 110 cal yrs BP), the Brazo Norte lobe (or former Upsala Glacier) had receded well up the northern branch of Lago Argentino, to a position behind the Herminita moraines. Furthermore, glacier termini had receded to just outboard of the outer Holocene moraines at Lago Frias and Lago Pearson (Anita) prior to 10,400 +/- 40 (14)C yrs BP (12,270 +/- 100 cal yrs BP) and 9040 +/- 45 (14)C yrs BP (10,210 +/- 50 cal yrs BP), respectively. The most extensive recession registered during the early Holocene was in Agassiz Este Valley, where the Upsala Glacier had pulled back behind the outer Holocene moraine, reaching close to the present-day glacier terminus before 8290 +/- 40 (14)C yrs BP (9300 +/- 80 cal yrs BP). The radiocarbon-dated fluctuations of the Lago Argentino glacier in late-glacial time, given here, are in accord with changes in ocean mixed layer properties, predominately temperature, derived from the isotopic record given here of ODP Core 1233, taken a short distance off shore of the Chilean Lake District. It also matches recently published chronologies of late-glacial moraines in the Southern Alps of New Zealand on the opposite side of the Pacific Ocean from Lago Argentino. Finally, the timing of the late-glacial reversal of the Lago Argentino glacier fits the most recent chronology for the culmination of the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) in the deuterium record of the EPICA Dome C ice core from high on the East Antarctic Plateau. Therefore, we conclude that the climate signature of the ACR was widespread in both the ocean and the atmosphere over at least the southern quarter of the globe. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.05.004},
	author = {Strelin, J. A. and Denton, G. H. and Vandergoes, M. J. and Ninnemann, U. S. and Putnam, A. E.}
}
@article {192,
	title = {Repeated century-scale droughts over the past 13,000 yr near the Hudson River watershed, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2183},
	pages = {523-530},
	abstract = {Long-term sediment and ground-penetrating radar data from Davis Pond, a small lake near the Hudson River valley, reveal past droughts in a historically humid region that presently supplies water to millions of people in and around New York City. A minimum of eleven sandy paleoshoreline deposits in the lake date from 13.4 to 0.6 cal ka BP. The deposits span 1500 to 200 yr between bracketing radiocarbon ages, and intrude into lacustrine silts up to 9.0 m below the modern lake surface in a transect of six sediment cores. Three low stands, ca. 13.4{\textendash}10.9, 9.2 and 8.2 cal ka BP indicate low regional moisture balance when low temperatures affected the North Atlantic region. Consistent with insolation trends, water levels rose from ca. 8.0 cal ka BP to present, but five low stands interrupted the rise and are likely associated with ocean{\textendash}atmosphere interactions. Similar to evidence from other studies, the data from Davis Pond indicate repeated multi-century periods of prolonged or frequent droughts super-imposed on long-term regional trends toward high water levels. The patterns indicate that water supplies in this heavily populated region have continuously varied at multiple time scales and confirm that humid regions such as the northeastern United States are more prone to severe drought than historically expected.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2011.01.006},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589411000172},
	author = {Newby, Paige E. and Shuman, Bryan N. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and MacDonald, Dana}
}
@article {439,
	title = {The application of intertidal foraminifera to reconstruct coastal subsidence during the giant Cascadia earthquake of AD 1700 in Oregon, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {221},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1981; PT: J; UT: WOS:000279551800012},
	pages = {116-140},
	abstract = {Changes in species assemblages of intertidal foraminifera can be used to estimate the amount of earthquake-related subsidence during plate-boundary earthquakes at the Cascadia subduction zone. The accuracy and precision of foraminiferal methods in paleoenvironmental reconstruction is underpinned by the relations between contemporary taxa and their environment, which are used to calibrate fossil foraminiferal assemblages in sediment sequences. A contemporary training set of surface sediment samples from five intertidal marshes along the Oregon coast was used to determine foraminiferal distributions and prevailing environmental control(s) along elevational transects. Dominant taxa include Balticammina pseudomacrescens, Trochamminita irregularis, Haplophragmoides wilberti, Trochammina inflata, Jadammina macrescens and Miliammina fusca. Unconstrained cluster analysis and detrended correspondence analysis was used to identify two elevation-dependent faunal zones: Faunal Zone I (upland, high marsh, middle marsh) dominated by Balticammina pseudomacrescens, Haplophragmoides wilberti and Trochammina inflata, and Faunal Zone II (low marsh and tidal flat) dominated by Miliammina fusca. Site-specific differences in assemblages at three marshes enabled further subdivision of Faunal Zone I. Zone la is based on one or more of Balticammina pseudomacrescens, Trochammina inflata, Trochamminita irregularis and Haplophragrnoides sp., and Zone Ib on Jadammina macrescens, Haplophragmoides sp., Trochammina inflata and Miliammina fusca. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and partial CCA of the training set from the Nehalem River marsh transect was used to infer that the zonation of foraminifera is elevation-dependent (39\% of explained variance). A transfer function was developed to reconstruct sudden changes in relative sea-level during plate-boundary earthquakes in Oregon. The results indicate a robust performance of the transfer function (r(jack)(2) = 0.82) with the error estimate (RMSEP(jack) = 0.20 m) comparable to local and regional transfer functions from other temperate marshes. To illustrate the potential of the technique, the transfer function was applied to reconstruct subsidence during the AD 1700 earthquake using at Alsea Bay, Oregon. The reconstruction (0.18 +/- 0.20 m) is less than half the subsidence estimate of Nelson et al. [2008. Great-earthquake palogeoesy and tsunamis of the past 2000 years at Alsea Bay, central Oregon coast, USA. Quaternary Science Reviews, 27, 747-768] using their foraminiferal transfer function, perhaps because of differences in taxonomy and the species relationship to elevation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2009.09.019},
	author = {Hawkes, A. D. and Horton, B. P. and Nelson, A. R. and Hill, D. F.}
}
@article {238,
	title = {Asphalt volcanoes as a potential source of methane to late Pleistocene coastal waters},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1866; Sp. Iss. SI 589XW Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:28; YY},
	pages = {345-348},
	abstract = {Every year, natural petroleum seepage emits 0.2-2 Tg of oil to the ocean(1). Significant oil seepage can build large underwater mounds, consisting of tar deposits with morphologies similar to volcanic lava flows, known as asphalt volcanoes(2,3). Such events are typically accompanied by large fluxes of the greenhouse gas methane(4,5). Marine sediments from the Santa Barbara basin, California, contain a record of elevated methane concentrations(6), anoxia and tar deposition(7) during the Pleistocene epoch that had been attributed to dissolution of methane hydrates. However, the region is known to have exhibited oil seepage in the past(7). Here, we document the discovery of seven extinct asphalt volcanoes off the coast of southern California. The morphology of the deposits and geochemistry of samples taken from the two largest structures supports their classification as asphalt volcanoes, derived from a common source. We estimate that the two structures resulted from seepage of 0.07-0.4 Tg of oil, accompanied by the emission of 0.35-1.8 Tg of methane. Radiocarbon dating of carbonate deposits entrained with the asphalt indicates formation of the volcanoes between 44 and 31 kyr ago. The timing and volume of erupted hydrocarbons from the asphalt structures can explain some or all of the documented methane release and tar accumulation in the Santa Barbara basin during the Pleistocene.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/Ngeo848},
	author = {Valentine, D. L. and Reddy, C. M. and Farwell, C. and Hill, T. M. and Pizarro, O. and Yoerger, D. R. and Camilli, R. and Nelson, R. K. and Peacock, E. E. and Bagby, S. C. and Clarke, B. A. and Roman, C. N. and Soloway, M.}
}
@article { ISI:000285474600001,
	title = {Contrasting multiproxy reconstructions of surface ocean hydrography in the Agulhas Corridor and implications for the Agulhas Leakage during the last 345,000 years},
	journal = {PALEOCEANOGRAPHY},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2010},
	month = {DEC 16},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Planktonic delta(18)O and Mg/Ca-derived sea surface temperature (SST) records from the Agulhas Corridor off South Africa display a progressive increase of SST during glacial periods of the last three climatic cycles. The SST increases of up to 4 degrees C coincide with increased abundance of subtropical planktonic foraminiferal marker species which indicates a progressive warming due to an increased influence of subtropical waters at the core sites. Mg/Ca-derived SST maximizes during glacial maxima and glacial Terminations to values about 2.5 degrees C above full-interglacial SST. The paired planktonic delta(18)O and Mg/Ca-derived SST records yield glacial seawater delta(18)O anomalies of up to 0.8\%, indicating measurably higher surface salinities during these periods. The SST pattern along our record is markedly different from a U(37)(K{\textquoteright})-derived SST record at a nearby core location in the Agulhas Corridor that displays SST maxima only during glacial Terminations. Possible explanations are lateral alkenone advection by the vigorous regional ocean currents or the development of SST contrasts during glacials in association with seasonal changes of Agulhas water transports and lateral shifts of the Agulhas retroflection. The different SST reconstructions derived from U(37)(K{\textquoteright}) and Mg/Ca pose a significant challenge to the interpretation of the proxy records and demonstrate that the reconstruction of the Agulhas Current and interocean salt leakage is not as straightforward as previously suggested.},
	issn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/2009PA001879},
	author = {Martinez-Mendez, Gema and Zahn, Rainer and Hall, Ian R. and Peeters, Frank J. C. and Pena, Leopoldo D. and Cacho, Isabel and Negre, Cesar}
}
@article {466,
	title = {Determination of rare earth, major and trace elements in authigenic fraction of Andaman Sea (Northeastern Indian Ocean) sediments by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry},
	journal = {Microchemical Journal},
	volume = {94},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1838; 539FK Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:32Y},
	pages = {90-97},
	abstract = {Downcore variation of rare earth elements (REEs) in the authigenic Fe-Mn oxides of a sediment core (covering a record of last similar to 40 kyr) from the Andaman Sea, a part of the Indian Ocean shows distinctive positive Ce and Eu anomalies. These positive Ce anomalies (Ce* = 1.1 similar to 1.8) are ascribed to be due to oxidation of deep sea sediments. The large positive Eu anomalies (i.e., Eu* > 1.8 to 3.2) occur within a time span near the glacial/interglacial transition (similar to 7000-14,000yr BP) which could be due to the past hydrothermal activity or to the effects arising from sea level changes. During glacial times, the Andaman Sea was almost completely isolated due to low sea level, leading to a reduction in sediment supply from the Ayeyarwady River. The variations of metal abundances (i.e., Ca, Al, Mn, and Fe) in the authigenic fraction provided independent information to evaluate the water column physicochemical changes during the glacial/interglacial transition period. The studied sediment core records changes in riverine inputs and reflects depositional changes related to sea level fluctuations and climatic events over the past 40 kyr in the Andaman Sea. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0026-265X},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Microc.2009.09.007},
	author = {Alagarsamy, R. and You, C. F. and Nath, B. N. and Kumar, A. V. S.}
}
@article {245,
	title = {Late Quaternary record of pteropod preservation from the Andaman Sea},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {275},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 2018; PT: J; UT: WOS:000281217300016},
	pages = {221-229},
	abstract = {In order to understand the glacial to interglacial fluctuations in pteropod preservation and productivity during the late Quaternary (similar to 54 ka BP to present), we investigated pteropod, organic carbon (Cord and Globigerina bulloides abundance in a deep sea core from the western Andaman Sea. Pteropod abundance and preservation is similar to the "Indo-Pacific carbonate preservation type", showing better preservation during glacial and poor preservation during interglacial periods. The core site appears to have remained below the aragonite compensation depth (ACD) throughout the Holocene, indicated by the total absence of pteropods. Maximum abundance and good preservation of pteropods was observed during stadials such as Younger Dryas (YD), Heinrich Events (HEs) and Last Glacial Maxima (LGM) indicating weaker oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) and deeper ACD. Furthermore, the high relative abundance of mesopelagic pteropods over epipelagic forms suggests a well ventilated water column with weak OMZ particularly during LGM, apparently driven by intense winter monsoon. Increased monsoon-driven productivity was observed during 45-40 ka, of early Marine Isotope stage 2 (MIS 2, 24-22 ka), Bolling/Allered (B/A; 15-13.5 ka), YD and late Holocene as evidenced by Cor, content and G. bulloides. Enhanced pteropod preservation of H1 associated with low C(org) content and G. bulloides suggests that reduced monsoonal driven productivity might have influenced pteropod preservation. Deglacial preservation spike in the Andaman Sea is consistent with other northern Indian Ocean records and elsewhere outside the Indian Ocean implying the event is global in nature, marked by deepening of ACD probably driven by enhancement of winter monsoon on local and changes in intermediate water circulation on regional scale. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2010.06.003},
	author = {Sijinkumar, A. V. and Nath, B. Nagender and Guptha, M. V. S.}
}
@article {250,
	title = {Molecular and Isotopic Analysis of Motor Oil from a Biodiesel-Driven Vehicle},
	journal = {Energy \& Fuels},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 816; 555MH Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:63; YY},
	pages = {1037-1042},
	abstract = {Biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), is increasingly recognized as a renewable fuel. While some environmental impacts of biodiesel usage have been investigated, accumulation of organic compounds in motor oil, which can subsequently leak onto roads, has not been studied. Because studies have shown that toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) accumulate in the motor oil of engines fueled with fossil diesel or gasoline, the objective of this study was to determine if this also occurs for engines fueled with biodiesel. Here, we sampled and analyzed motor oil of a biodiesel-powerd 2005 Volkswagen Passat Wagon over 3240 km for personal-use driving. Using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), we found a total of 0.5\% FAMEs in the motor oil after 3240 km. We also used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and did not detect PAHs or other organic compounds not present in the initial motor oil. Using natural radiocarbon analysis, a powerful technique capable of detecting biodiesel-derived carbon that would be otherwise undetectable by gas chromatography, we found a total of 0.68\% biodiesel-derived carbon after 3240 km. This is similar to the amount of FAMEs found in these samples with GC-FID, indicating that the primary source of biodiesel-derived carbon in the motor oil is FAMEs (and not PAHs or other carbonaceous species). This result suggests that used motor oil of biodiesel vehicles can be less toxic based on PAH content than vehicles fueled with fossil diesel or gasoline.},
	issn = {0887-0624},
	doi = {10.1021/Ef9011388},
	author = {Peacock, E. E. and Arey, J. S. and DeMello, J. A. and McNichol, A. P. and Nelson, R. K. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {429,
	title = {Abrupt climate change as an important agent of ecological change in the Northeast US throughout the past 15,000 years},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2009},
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WHITEHEAD DR, 1979, QUATERNARY RES, V12, P333 WHITMORE J, 2005, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V24, P1828, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.03.005 WILLIAMS JW, 2002, GEOLOGY, V30, P971 WILLIAMS JW, 2004, ECOL MONOGR, V74, P309 WILLIAMS JW, 2006, ATLAS POLLEN VEGETAT WILLIAMS JW, 2008, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V27, P669, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.01.004 WINKLER MG, 1985, QUATERNARY RES, V23, P301 YU ZC, 1997, GEOLOGY, V25, P251 YU ZC, 2007, QUATERNARY RES, V67, P297, DOI 10.1016/j.yqres.2006.08.006 Shuman, Bryan N. Newby, Paige Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Pergamon-elsevier science ltd Oxford Sp. Iss. SI; YY},
	pages = {1693-1709},
	abstract = {We use a series of tests to evaluate two competing hypotheses about the association of climate and vegetation trends in the northeastern United States over the past 15 kyrs. First, that abrupt climate changes on the scale of centuries had little influence on long-term vegetation trends, and second, that abrupt climate changes interacted with slower climate trends to determine the regional sequence of vegetation phases. Our results support the second. Large dissimilarity between temporally close fossil pollen samples indicates large vegetation changes within 500 years across >4 degrees of latitude at ca 13.25-12.75, 12.0-11.5, 10.5, 8.25, and 5.25 ka. The evidence of vegetation change coincides with independent isotopic and sedimentary indicators of rapid shifts in temperature and moisture balance. In several cases, abrupt changes reversed long-term vegetation trends, such as when spruce (Picea) and pine (Pinus) pollen percentages rapidly declined to the north and increased to the south at ca 13.25-12.75 and 8.25 ka respectively. Abrupt events accelerated other long-term trends, such as a regional increase in beech (Fagus) pollen percentages at 8.5-8.0 ka. The regional hemlock (Tsuga) decline at ca 5.25 ka is unique among the abrupt events, and may have been induced by high climatic variability (i.e., repeated severe droughts from 5.7 to 2.0 ka); autoregressive ecological and evolutionary processes could have maintained low hemlock abundance until ca 2.0 ka. Delayed increases in chestnut (Castanea) pollen abundance after 5.8 and 2.5 ka also illustrate the potential for multi-century climate variability to influence species{\textquoteright} recruitment as well as mortality. Future climate changes will probably also rapidly initiate persistent vegetation change, particularly by acting as broad, regional-scale disturbances. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.04.005},
	author = {Shuman, B. N. and Newby, P. and Donnelly, J. P.}
}
@article {326,
	title = {Coarse-grained sediment delivery and distribution in the Holocene Santa Monica Basin, California: Implications for evaluating source-to-sink flux at millennial time scales},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {121},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 876; 478QZ Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:90Y},
	pages = {1394-1408},
	abstract = {Utilizing accumulations of coarse-grained terrigenous sediment from deep-marine basins to evaluate the relative contributions of and history of controls on sediment flux through a source-to-sink system has been difficult as a result of limited knowledge of event timing. In this study, six new radiocarbon (C-14) dates are integrated with five previously published dates that have been recalibrated from a 12.5-m-thick turbidite section from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1015 in Santa Monica Basin, offshore California. This borehole is tied to high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles that cover an 1100 km(2) area of the middle and lower Hueneme submarine fan and most of the basin plain. The resulting stratigraphic framework provides the highest temporal resolution for a thick-bedded Holocene turbidite succession to date, permitting an evaluation of source-to-sink controls at millennial (1000 yr) scales. The depositional history from 7 ka to present indicates that the recurrence interval for large turbidity-current events is relatively constant (300-360 yr), but the volume of sediment deposited on the fan and in the basin plain has increased by a factor of 2 over this period. Moreover, the amount of sand per event on the basin plain during the same interval has increased by a factor of 7. Maps of sediment distribution derived from correlation of seismic-reflection profiles indicate that this trend cannot be attributed exclusively to autogenic processes (e.g., progradation of depocenters). The observed variability in sediment accumulation rates is thus largely controlled by allogenic factors, including: (1) increased discharge of Santa Clara River as a result of increased magnitude and frequency of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events from ca. 2 ka to present, (2) an apparent change in routing of coarse-grained sediment within the staging area at ca. 3 ka (i.e., from direct river input to indirect, littoral cell input into Hueneme submarine canyon), and (3) decreasing rates of sea-level rise (i.e., rate of rise slowed considerably by ca. 3 ka). The Holocene history of the Santa Clara River-Santa Monica Basin source-to-sink system demonstrates the ways in which varying sediment flux and changes in dispersal pathways affect the basinal stratigraphic record.},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/B26393.1},
	author = {Romans, B. W. and Normark, W. R. and McGann, M. M. and Covault, J. A. and Graham, S. A.}
}
@article {430,
	title = {Evidence of centennial-scale drought from southeastern Massachusetts during the Pleistocene/Holocene transition},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2009},
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Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Shuman, Bryan N. MacDonald, Dana Pergamon-elsevier science ltd Oxford Sp. Iss. SI; YY},
	pages = {1675-1692},
	abstract = {A principal method for studying past hydroclimatic change is the reconstruction of paleo-lake levels. Here, we provide high-resolution lake-level records from New Long Pond and Rocky Pond in southeastern Massachusetts, which each contain evidence for multiple, sub-centennial-to-millennial scale low stands during the transition between the Late Pleistocene (15.0 ka) and Middle Holocene (ca 7.0 ka). Data from New Long Pond also demonstrate sedimentary evidence for a drop in water levels in the early to mid AD 20th century, when long-term trends in instrumental data show lower-than-average precipitation in the northeastern United States. Local data show the most precipitous declines in precipitation and groundwater levels are concurrent with the most severe drought in the AD 1960s, which occurred during a period of low sea-surface temperatures in the western North Atlantic. Ground penetrating radar and sediment core data indicate five intervals with numerous paleo-shoreline deposits between ca 15.0 and 7.0 ka, similar to the layer deposited in the AD 1960s. Many of the intervals of low lake levels coincide with proposed meltwater release events or abrupt climate oscillations in the circum North Atlantic. For example, we document at least three low stands during the Younger Dryas (12.9-11.6 ka) and in association with the "9.2" and "8.2" ka events. The combined evidence of (1) concurrent paleo-droughts in southeastern New England with documented North Atlantic abrupt cooling events and (2) recent drought with the modern association of low sea-surface temperatures indicates that freshening and cooling of the western North Atlantic is a viable mechanism for decreasing moisture within the region. Large-scale changes in seasonality and ice sheet extent also may have increased the susceptibility of the northeast to dry conditions triggered by changes in the North Atlantic. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.02.020},
	author = {Newby, P. E. and Donnelly, J. P. and Shuman, B. N. and MacDonald, D.}
}
@article {347,
	title = {Fine-scale relief related to Late Holocene channel shifting within the floor of the upper Redondo Fan, offshore Southern California},
	journal = {Sedimentology},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2216; Source type: scholarlyjournals; Object type: Article; Object type: Feature; CSAUnique: OB-MD-0010477140; AccNum: 11022775; DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01052.x; ISSN: 0037-0746; Peer Reviewed: true},
	pages = {1690-1704},
	abstract = {AbstractErosional and depositional bedforms have been imaged at outcrop scale in the upper Redondo Fan, in the San Pedro Basin of offshore Southern California in greater than or equal to 600 m water depths, using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle developed by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. The Autonomous Underwater Vehicle is equipped with multibeam and chirp sub-bottom sonars. Sampling and photographic images using the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Remotely Operated Vehicle Tiburon provide groundtruth for the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle survey. The 0.3 m vertical and 1.5 m lateral bathymetric resolution and 0.1 m sub-bottom profile resolution provide unprecedented detail of bedform morphology and structure. Multiple channels within the Redondo Fan have been active at different times during the Late Holocene (0 to 3000 yr bp). The currently active channel extending from Redondo Canyon makes an abrupt 90 degree turn at the canyon mouth before resuming a south-easterly course along the east side of the Redondo Fan. This channel is floored by sand and characterized by small steps generally},
	issn = {0037-0746},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01052.x},
	author = {Normark, William R. and Paull, Charles K. and Caress, David W. and Ussler Iii, William and Sliter, Ray}
}
@article {540,
	title = {Formal definition and dating of the GSSP (Global Stratotype Section and Point) for the base of the Holocene using the Greenland NGRIP ice core, and selected auxiliary records RID B-5560-2008 RID F-1111-2011},
	journal = {Journal of Quaternary Science},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1989; PT: J; UT: WOS:000262615700002},
	pages = {3-17},
	abstract = {The Greenland ice core from NorthGRIP (NGRIP) contains a proxy climate record across the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary of unprecedented clarity and resolution. Analysis of an array of physical and chemical parameters within the ice enables the base of the Holocene, as reflected in the first signs of climatic warming at the end of the Younger Dryas/Greenland Stadial 1 cold phase, to be located with a high degree of precision. This climatic event is most clearly reflected in an abrupt shift in deuterium excess values, accompanied by more gradual changes in delta(18)O, dust concentration, a range of chemical species, and annual layer thickness. A timescale based on multi-parameter annual layer counting provides an age of 11 700 calendar yr b2k (before AD 2000) for the base of the Holocene, with a maximum counting error of 99 yr. A proposal that an archived core from this unique sequence should constitute the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Holocene Series/Epoch (Quaternary System/Period) has been ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences. Five auxiliary stratotypes for the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary have also been recognised. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	issn = {0267-8179},
	doi = {10.1002/jqs.1227},
	author = {Walker, Mike and Johnsen, Sigfus and Rasmussen, Sune Olander and Popp, Trevor and Steffensen, Jorgen-Peder and Gibbard, Phil and Hoek, Wim and Lowe, John and Andrews, John and Bjorck, Svante and Cwynar, Les C. and Hughen, Konrad and Kershaw, Peter and Kromer, Bernd and Litt, Thomas and Lowe, David J. and Nakagawa, Takeshi and Newnham, Rewi and Schwander, Jakob}
}
@article {291,
	title = {Fragmentary Evidence of Great-Earthquake Subsidence during Holocene Emergence, Valdivia Estuary, South Central Chile},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	volume = {99},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2020; PT: J; UT: WOS:000266181100006},
	pages = {71-86},
	abstract = {A reconnaissance of Holocene stratigraphy beneath fringing marshes of the Valdivia estuary, where an M 9.5 earthquake caused 1-2 m of regional coseismic subsidence in 1960, shows only fragmentary evidence of prehistoric coseismic subsidence. In most of the 150 hand-driven cores that were examined, a distinct unconformity separates 0.5-1.5 m of late Holocene tidal and floodplain mud, peat, and sand from underlying middle Holocene subtidal mud and sand. At the Las Coloradas site, where stratigraphy is best preserved, two A horizons of marsh and meadow soils abruptly overlain by sand and mud probably record coseismic subsidence shortly followed by tsunamis. The amount of subsidence during the earthquakes proved difficult to reconstruct with a diatom transfer function because of differences between modern and fossil diatom assemblages. Maximum (14)C ages on macrofossils from the two A horizons at the Las Coloradas site of 1.7-1.3 ka and 2.7-1.7 ka allow correlation of the younger horizon with either of two of six (14)C-dated A horizons buried by tsunami sand or post-tsunami tidal sand 200 km to the south at Maullin, and with a lake-wide mass wasting event in Lago Puyehue, 100 km to the southeast. Tidal records of prehistoric coseismic subsidence at Valdivia are scarce because of a sea-level fall of 3-8 m over the past 6000 years, erosion of marsh and meadow soils during subsidence-induced flooding of the estuary, and largely complete land-level recovery during cycles of coseismic subsidence and postseismic uplift.},
	issn = {0037-1106},
	doi = {10.1785/0120080103},
	author = {Nelson, Alan R. and Kashima, Kaoru and Bradley, Lee-Ann}
}
@article {1849,
	title = {Late Quaternary sediment-accumulation rates within the inner basins of the California Continental Borderland in support of geologic hazard evaluation},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Special Papers},
	volume = {454},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1906; 10.1130/2009.2454(2.6)},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {117-139},
	abstract = {An evaluation of the geologic hazards of the inner California Borderland requires determination of the timing for faulting and mass-movement episodes during the Holocene. Our effort focused on basin slopes and turbidite systems on the basin floors for the area between Santa Barbara and San Diego, California. Dating condensed sections on slopes adjacent to fault zones provides better control on fault history where high-resolution, seismic-reflection data can be used to correlate sediment between the core site and the fault zones. This study reports and interprets 147 radiocarbon dates from 43 U.S. Geological Survey piston cores as well as 11 dates from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1015 on the floor of Santa Monica Basin. One hundred nineteen dates from 39 of the piston cores have not previously been published. Core locations were selected for hazard evaluation, but despite the nonuniform distribution of sample locations, the dates obtained for the late Quaternary deposits are useful for documenting changes in sediment-accumulation rates during the past 30 ka. Cores from basins receiving substantial sediment from rivers, i.e., Santa Monica Basin and the Gulf of Santa Catalina, show a decrease in sediment supply during the middle Holocene, but during the late Holocene after sea level had reached the current highstand condition, rates then increased partly in response to an increase in El Ni√{\textpm}o{\quotesinglbase}{\"A}{\`\i}Southern Oscillation events during the past 3.5 ka.},
	author = {Normark, William R. and McGann, Mary and Sliter, Ray W.}
}
@article {1851,
	title = {Millennial time scale changes in surface to intermediate-deep layer circulation recorded in the sediment cores from the northwestern North Pacific},
	journal = {The Quaternary Research},
	volume = {48},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1877},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {179-194},
	author = {Harada, N. and Kimoto, K. and Okazaki, Y. and Nagashima, K. and Timmermann, A. and Abe-Ouchi, A.}
}
@article {284,
	title = {Processes That Initiate Turbidity Currents and Their Influence on Turbidites: A Marine Geology Perspective},
	journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Research},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 877; 451YQ Times Cited:2 Cited References Count:124Y},
	pages = {347-362},
	abstract = {How the processes that initiate turbidity currents influence turbidite deposition is poorly understood, and many discussions in the literature rely on concepts that are overly simplistic. Marine geological studies provide information on the initiation and flow path of turbidity currents, including their response to gradient. In case studies of late Quaternary turbidites on the eastern Canadian and western U.S. margins, initiation processes are inferred either from real-time data for historical flows or indirectly from the age and contemporary paleogeography, erosional features, and depositional record. Three major types of initiation process are recognized: transformation of failed sediment, hyperpycnal flow from rivers or ice margins, and resuspension of sediment near the shelf edge by oceanographic processes. Many high-concentration flows result from hyperpycnal supply of hyperconcentrated bedload, or liquefaction failure of coarse-grained sediment, and most tend to deposit in slope conduits and on gradients},
	issn = {1527-1404},
	doi = {10.2110/Jsr.2009.046},
	author = {Piper, D. J. W. and Normark, W. R.}
}
@article {363,
	title = {Sinking deltas due to human activities},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 799; 501BW Times Cited:2 Cited References Count:38; YY},
	pages = {681-686},
	abstract = {Many of the world{\textquoteright}s largest deltas are densely populated and heavily farmed. Yet many of their inhabitants are becoming increasingly vulnerable to flooding and conversions of their land to open ocean. The vulnerability is a result of sediment compaction from the removal of oil, gas and water from the delta{\textquoteright}s underlying sediments, the trapping of sediment in reservoirs upstream and floodplain engineering in combination with rising global sea level. Here we present an assessment of 33 deltas chosen to represent the world{\textquoteright}s deltas. We find that in the past decade, 85\% of the deltas experienced severe flooding, resulting in the temporary submergence of 260,000 km(2). We conservatively estimate that the delta surface area vulnerable to flooding could increase by 50\% under the current projected values for sea-level rise in the twenty-first century. This figure could increase if the capture of sediment upstream persists and continues to prevent the growth and buffering of the deltas.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/Ngeo629},
	author = {Syvitski, J. P. M. and Kettner, A. J. and Overeem, I. and Hutton, E. W. H. and Hannon, M. T. and Brakenridge, G. R. and Day, J. and Vorosmarty, C. and Saito, Y. and Giosan, L. and Nicholls, R. J.}
}
@article {1848,
	title = {Submarine canyon and fan systems of the California Continental Borderland},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Special Papers},
	volume = {454},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 878; 10.1130/2009.2454(2.7)},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {141-168},
	abstract = {Late Quaternary turbidite and related gravity-flow deposits have accumulated in basins of the California Borderland under a variety of conditions of sediment supply and sea-level stand. The northern basins (Santa Barbara, Santa Monica, and San Pedro) are closed and thus trap virtually all sediment supplied through submarine canyons and smaller gulley systems along the basin margins. The southern basins (Gulf of Santa Catalina and San Diego Trough) are open, and, under some conditions, turbidity currents flow from one basin to another. Seismic-reflection profiles at a variety of resolutions are used to determine the distribution of late Quaternary turbidites. Patterns of turbidite-dominated deposition during lowstand conditions of oxygen isotope stages 2 and 6 are similar within each of the basins. Chronology is provided by radiocarbon dating of sediment from two Ocean Drilling Program sites, the Mohole test-drill site, and large numbers of piston cores. High-resolution, seismic-stratigraphic frameworks developed for Santa Monica Basin and the open southern basins show rapid lateral shifts in sediment accumulation on scales that range from individual lobe elements to entire fan complexes. More than half of the submarine fans in the Borderland remain active at any given position of relative sea level. Where the continental shelf is narrow, canyons are able to cut headward during sea-level transgression and maintain sediment supply to the basins from rivers and longshore currents during highstands. Rivers with high bedload discharge transfer sediment to submarine fans during both highstand and lowstand conditions.},
	author = {Normark, William R. and Piper, David J. W. and Romans, Brian W. and Covault, Jacob A. and Dartnell, Peter and Sliter, Ray W.}
}
@article {1839,
	title = {Towards a quantitative and independent reconstruction of Holocene temperature and precipitation in Northern Great Plains using novel organic proxies},
	journal = {Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {90},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 891},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract PP21D-06},
	author = {Toney, J. L. and Huang, Y. and Fritz, S. C. and Baker, P. and Grimm, E. C. and Nyren, P. E.}
}
@article {331,
	title = {Wind-Driven Upwelling in the Southern Ocean and the Deglacial Rise in Atmospheric CO2},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {323},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 835; 417TP Times Cited:18 Cited References Count:69Y},
	pages = {1443-1448},
	abstract = {Wind-driven upwelling in the ocean around Antarctica helps regulate the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the deep sea and the atmosphere, as well as the supply of dissolved silicon to the euphotic zone of the Southern Ocean. Diatom productivity south of the Antarctic Polar Front and the subsequent burial of biogenic opal in underlying sediments are limited by this silicon supply. We show that opal burial rates, and thus upwelling, were enhanced during the termination of the last ice age in each sector of the Southern Ocean. In the record with the greatest temporal resolution, we find evidence for two intervals of enhanced upwelling concurrent with the two intervals of rising atmospheric CO2 during deglaciation. These results directly link increased ventilation of deep water to the deglacial rise in atmospheric CO2.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1167441},
	author = {Anderson, R. F. and Ali, S. and Bradtmiller, L. I. and Nielsen, S. H. H. and Fleisher, M. Q. and Anderson, B. E. and Burckle, L. H.}
}
@article {656,
	title = {Cooling and changing seasonality in the Southern Alps, New Zealand during the Antarctic Cold Reversal},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2008},
	note = {293rhTimes Cited:27Cited References Count:64},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {589-601},
	abstract = {A comprehensively C-14 AMS dated pollen and chironomid record from Boundary Stream Tarn provides the first chironomid-derived temperature reconstruction to quantify temperature change during Lateglacial times (17,500-10,000 cal yr BP) in the Southern Alps, New Zealand. The records indicate a ca 1000-year disruption to the Lateglacial warming trend and an overall cooling consistent with the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR). The main interval of chironomid-inferred summer temperature depression (similar to 2-3 degrees C) lasted about 700 years during the ACR. Following this cooling event, both proxies indicate a warming step to temperatures slightly cooler than present during the Younger Dryas chronozone (12,900-11,500 cal yr BP). These results highlight a direct linkage between Antarctica and mid-latitude terrestrial climate systems and the largely asynchronous nature of the interhemispheric climate system during the last glacial transition. The greater magnitude of temperature changes shown by the chironomid record is attributed to the response of the proxies to differences in seasonal climate with chironomids reflecting summer temperature and vegetation more strongly controlled by duration of winter or by minimum temperatures. These differences imply stronger seasonality at times during the Lateglacial, which may explain some of the variability between other paleoclimate records from New Zealand and have wider implications for understanding differences between proxy records for abrupt climate change. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.11.015},
	author = {Vandergoes, M. J. and Dieffenbacher-Krall, A. C. and Newnham, R. M. and Denton, G. H. and Blaauw, M.}
}
@article {354,
	title = {Differences in sediment organic matter composition and PAH weathering between non-vegetated and recently vegetated fuel oiled sediments},
	journal = {International Journal of Phytoremediation},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2025; PT: J; UT: WOS:000258774100001},
	pages = {473-485},
	abstract = {We examined polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) attenuation in contaminated field sediments after only 2 years of plant growth. We collected sediments from vegetated and non-vegetated areas at the Indiana Harbor Canal (IHC), an industrialized area with historic petroleum contamination of soils and sediments. PAH concentrations, PAH weathering indices, and organic matter composition in sediments colonized by Phragmites, cattails, or willow trees were compared to the same indices for non-vegetated sediments. We hypothesized that bulk sediment and humin fractions with measurable increases in plant organic matter content would show measurable changes to PAH attenuation as indicated by more weathered PAH diagnostic ratios or reduced PAH concentrations. Carbon-normalized PAH concentrations were lower in vegetated bulk sediments but higher in vegetated humin fractions relative to non-vegetated sediment fractions. Total organic carbon content was not indicative of more weathered N(3)/P(2) ratios or reduced PAH concentrations in vegetated sediment fractions. More weathered N(3)/P(2) ratios were observed with increased modern carbon (plant carbon) content of vegetated sediment fractions. Phragmites sediments contained more modern carbon (plant carbon) and more weathered PAH ratios [C(3)-naphthalenes and C(2)-phenanthrenes (N(3)/P(2))] than willow, cattail, and non-vegetated sediments.},
	issn = {1522-6514},
	doi = {10.1080/15226510802114862},
	author = {Gregory, Samuel T., III and Nichols, Elizabeth Guthrie}
}
@article {305,
	title = {Dogs, humans and island ecosystems: the distribution, antiquity and ecology of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) on California{\textquoteright}s Channel Islands, USA},
	journal = {Holocene},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2063; PT: J; UT: WOS:000260339000006},
	pages = {1077-1087},
	abstract = {Archaeologists have made significant contributions to our understanding of ancient island environments, including the timing and implications of the introduction of non-native animals (pigs, chickens, rats, etc.) by humans. Here, we focus on the historical ecology and biogeography of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) on California{\textquoteright}s Channel Islands during the Holocene. Dogs are the only animal known unequivocally to have been introduced by Native Americans to the islands, but relatively little is known about their distribution, antiquity or influence on native island fauna and flora. We identified a minimum of 96 dogs from 42 archaeological sites on six of the eight islands. Dogs were present for at least 6000 years and appear to have increased in abundance through time. Our analysis suggests that dogs, along with humans and island foxes (Urocyon littoralis), would have had an impact on native animals and ecosystems, especially breeding birds and marine mammals, togs and island foxes likely competed with one another for food, however, and the impacts of dogs on island ecosystems may have been reduced by the presence of island foxes and the symbiotic relationship between dogs and humans. Dogs have been removed from all but one of the islands today, eliminating one of the few terrestrial carnivores present for most of the Holocene.},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683608095579},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Walker, Phillip L. and Willis, Lauren M. and Noah, Anna C. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Vellanoweth, Rene L. and Braje, Todd J. and Kennett, Douglas J.}
}
@article {327,
	title = {Earthquakes generated from bedding plane-parallel reverse faults above an active wedge thrust, Seattle fault zone},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2019; PT: J; UT: WOS:000260737900015},
	pages = {1581-1597},
	abstract = {A key question in earthquake hazard analysis is whether individual faults within fault zones represent independent seismic sources. For the Seattle fault zone, an upper plate structure within the Cascadia convergent margin, evaluating seismic hazard requires understanding how north-side-up, bedding-plane reverse faults, which generate late Holocene fault scarps, interact with the north-vergent master-ramp thrust and overlying backthrust of the fault zone. A regional uplift at A.D. 900-930 involved an earthquake that nucleated at depth and included slip on both the master-ramp thrust and the backthrust. This earthquake also included slip on some of the},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/B26282.1},
	author = {Kelsey, Harvey M. and Sherrod, Brian L. and Nelson, Alan R. and Brocher, Thomas M.}
}
@article {1872,
	title = {Environmental and Climatic Controls on the Occurrence and Abundance of Long Chain Alkenones in Lakes of the Interior United States},
	journal = {Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 892},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract 2008},
	author = {Toney, J. L. and Fritz, S. and Baker, P. and Grim, E. and Nyren, P. and Theroux, S. and Huang, Y.}
}
@article {688,
	title = {Eruptive history, geochronology, and magmatic evolution of the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle volcanic complex, Chile},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2008},
	note = {300ujTimes Cited:61Cited References Count:55},
	month = {May-Jun},
	pages = {599-618},
	abstract = {Forty-three Ar-40/Ar-39 age determinations of lava flows, domes, ignimbrites, and dikes, plus C-14 dates from seven distal tephra layers, combined with stratigraphy, geochemistry, and Sr and Th isotope data, establish an eruptive chronology for the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle volcanic complex at 40.5 degrees S in the Andean southern volcanic zone (SVZ). The complex preserves similar to 131 km(3) of lava and tephra that erupted from numerous vents widely separated in time and space. Approximately 80\% of the total volume consists of basaltic to andesitic lava that formed two broad shield volcanoes between 314 and 70 ka. The modern Puyehue stratovolcano was built on the southerly shield during the past 69 k.y. following a hiatus of 25 k.y. Puyehue has erupted similar to 15 km(3) of basaltic to rhyolitic magma that spans the entire compositional range found in the southern SVZ and evolved via at least six phases including: (1) basaltic andesitic to dacitic lavas between 69 and 32 ka, (2) a shift to bimodal magma compositions that is first expressed by a rhyodacite mingled with inclusions of MgO-rich basaltic andesite at 34 ka, (3) dacitic to rhyolitic flows and domes from 19 to 12 ka, (4) basaltic to basaltic andesitic flows between 15 and 12 ka, (5) subsequent rhyolitic dome growth in several effusive and explosive stages between 7 and 5 ka, followed by (6) a powerful series of phreatomagmatic and sub-Plinian eruptions at ca. 1.1 ka that obliterated the preceding rhyolite domes and formed the present 2.5-km-diameter, 280-m-deep summit crater. Along the Cordon Caulle fissure zone, similar to 5 km(3) of rhyodacitic to rhyolitic lavas, domes, and cones have formed during the past similar to 16.5 k.y., including explosive and effusive eruptions in 1921-1922 and 1960.Eruptive rates were nonuniform over time, with background growth at 0.04 km(3)/k.y. or less, punctuated by spurts at up to 0.90 km(3)/ k.y. The time-averaged rate, 0.42 km(3)/k.y., is nearly double that at the Tatara-San Pedro complex 500 km to the north during the past 300 k.y. These findings indicate that within a single are the magmatic and eruptive fluxes at individual frontal volcanoes can be highly variable. The last three stratocone-building events on Puyehue began during periods of deglaciation, suggesting a relationship between unloading of ice and ease of magma ascent. Puyehue basalt exhibits subtle changes in U-238-Th-230, Sr-87/Sr-86, and trace element composition over time that signal shifts in the composition and degree of melting of the mantle wedge, or the extent to which basalt was modified by assimilation of heterogeneous crustal melts. The complex has become exceptionally bimodal and more explosive over time with recent rhyolites evolving by extreme crystal fractionation of malic magma and lesser volumes of andesite and dacite created via mixing of rhyolite and basalt. Despite the high flux of basalt during the past 300 k.y., no large silicic magma reservoir formed in the upper crust. Instead, U-238-Th-230 data favor rapid ascent of several small bodies of basaltic and silicic magma from the lower crust, promoted perhaps by conduits that reflect strike-slip faulting beneath the complex.},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/B26276.1},
	author = {Singer, B. S. and Jicha, B. R. and Harper, M. A. and Naranjo, J. A. and Lara, L. E. and Moreno-Roa, H.}
}
@article {1871,
	title = {The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Holocene Series/Epoch (Quaternary System/Period) in the NGRIP ice core RID B-5560-2008 RID F-1111-2011},
	journal = {Episodes},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1988; PT: J; CT: 17th Congress of the International-Union-for-Quaternary-Research; CY: JUL 28-AUG 03, 2007; CL: Cairns, AUSTRALIA; SP: Int Union Quaternary Res; UT: WOS:000258669100017},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {264-267},
	abstract = {The Greenland ice core from NorthGRIP (NGRIP) contains a proxy climate record across the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary of unprecedented clarity and resolution. Analysis of an array of physical and chemical parameters within the ice enables the base of the Holocene, as reflected in the first signs of climatic warming at the end of the Younger Dryas/Greenland Stadial 1 cold phase, to be located with a high degree of precision. This climatic event is most clearly reflected in an. abrupt shaft in deuterium excess values, accompanied by more gradual changes in delta(18)O, dust concentration, a range of chemical species, and annual layer thickness. A timescale based on multi-parameter annual layer counting provides an age of 11,700 yr b2k (before AD2000) for the base of the Holocene, with, an estimated 2 sigma uncertainty of 99 yr: It is proposed that an archived core from this unique sequence should constitute the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Holocene Series/Epoch (Quaternary System/Period).},
	isbn = {0705-3797},
	author = {Walker, Mike and Johnsen, Sigfu{\textquoteright}s and Rasmussen, Sune Olander and Steffensen, Jorgen-Peder and Popp, Trevor and Gibbard, Philip and Hoek, Wim and Lowe, John and Andrews, John and Bjorck, Svante and Cwynar, Les and Hughen, Konrad and Kershaw, Peter and Kromer, Bernd and Litt, Thomas and Lowe, David J. and Nakagawa, Takeshi and Newnham, Rewi and Schwander, Jakob}
}
@article {502,
	title = {The impact of vegetation on sedimentary organic matter composition and PAH desorption},
	journal = {Environmental Pollution},
	volume = {156},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2024; PT: J; UT: WOS:000261678700045},
	pages = {928-935},
	abstract = {Relationships between sedimentary organic matter (SOM) composition and PAH desorption behavior were determined for vegetated and non-vegetated refinery distillate waste sediments. Sediments were fractionated into size, density, and humin fractions and analyzed for their organic matter content. Bulk sediment and humin fractions differed more in organic matter composition than size/density fractions. Vegetated humin and bulk sediments contained more polar organic carbon, black carbon, and modern (plant) carbon than non-vegetated sediment fractions. Desorption kinetics of phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, and C(3)-phenanthrene/anthracenes from humin and bulk sediments were investigated using Tenax (R) beads and a two-compartment, first-order kinetic model. PAH desorption from distillate waste sediments appeared to be controlled by the slow clesorbing fractions of sediment; rate constants were similar to literature values for k(slow) and k(very) (slow). After several decades of plant colonization and growth (Phragmites australis), vegetated sediment fractions more extensively desorbed PAHs and had faster desorption kinetics than non-vegetated sediment fractions. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0269-7491},
	doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2008.05.011},
	author = {Nichols, Elizabeth Guthrie and Gregory, Samuel T. and Musella, Jennifer S.}
}
@article {1875,
	title = {PALEOPRODUCTIVITY VARIATION AND ITS CORRELATION WITH CLIMATE CHANGES:AN APPROACH OF LONG-CHAIN ALKENONE},
	journal = {Quaternary Sciences},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1968},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {482-490},
	abstract = {The accurate reconstruction of paleoproductivity is critical for understanding the carbon cycle in the past and for predicting the fate of anthropogenic carbon in the future.Biomarkers in marine sediments are useful tools for paleoenvirionment study and have been used as proxies for total and specific phytoplankton group paleoproductivity.Based on 17 AMS14C age controlling points,we report here molecular abundance data for alkenone and organic carbon isotopic data for bulk samples from a giant piston core MD05-2908(24{\textdegree}48.04{\textquoteright}N,122{\textdegree}29.35{\textquoteright}E).The aim is to evaluate the paleoproductivity and interpret the climatic-induced controlling factors for the past 7000aB.P.The results showed that the paleoproductivity in the South Okinawa Trough(SOT)fluctuated frequently in the past 7000aB.P.By correlating with the Titanium records from Huguang Marr and Cariaco Basin,we found out that the paleoproductivity was largely controlled by the latitude migration of ITCZ.The rapid southward shift of the ITCZ might have caused longer staying of the rainfall front in the source supply area,thus,led to intensified erosion,brought increased terrigenous material into the ECS and SOT by fluvial the terrigenous materil delivers to the SOT.Terrigenous input on the one hand might have fertilized the sea surface of SOT and stimulated the production,but on the other hand might have diluted the signal of marine derived input to the sediments.The lower production periods in the SOT correlated well with those ice-drift episodes recorded in the high latitude Atlantic Ocean,suggesting the strong relationships between high and low latitude climate.},
	keywords = {Alkenone, ITCZ, paleoproductivity, SOT, the last 7000aB.P.},
	isbn = {1001-7410},
	author = {Nan, Q. and Li, T. and Chen, Jinxia and Yu, X. and Li, Q.}
}
@article {273,
	title = {Terrigenous organic matter in sediments from the Fly River delta-clinoform system (Papua New Guinea)},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 826; 257VD Times Cited:8 Cited References Count:78Y},
	abstract = {Although an inordinate fraction of the global sediment flux to the ocean occurs in tropical mountainous river margins, little is known regarding the sources and fate of organic matter in these systems. To address these knowledge gaps, the distribution and composition of organic matter in sediments from the Fly River delta-clinoform were examined in the context of the source-to-sink study of the Papuan Continuum. The significant contrasts in the texture of seabed sediments measured across the study area coincided with stark contrasts in concentration and composition of the sedimentary organic matter. Coarser sediments displayed significantly lower organic carbon and nitrogen contents, more enriched stable carbon and nitrogen compositions, lower lignin product yields, and distinctly different lignin and nonlignin product compositions than their fine-textured counterparts. Compositional differences were also measured between high-and low-density fractions of selected sediment samples. Subsurface sediments showed marked compositional variations that were predominantly associated with changes in the texture of the deposits. Most sediments were characterized by moderate carbon loadings (0.5-1.0 mg C m(-2)), although several samples from the outer topset region, an area of sediment bypass, were characterized by lower carbon loadings indicative of enhanced carbon losses. Overall, the organic matter in both surface and subsurface sediments appeared to have predominantly a terrigenous origin, with no evidence for dilution and/or replacement by marine carbon. The measured compositions were consistent with contributions from modern vascular plant detritus, aged soil organic matter, and very old or fossil organic matter devoid of recognizable biochemicals.},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2006jf000653},
	author = {Go{\~n}i, M. A. and Monacci, N. and Gisewhite, R. and Crockett, J. and Nittrouer, C. and Ogston, A. and Alin, S. R. and Aalto, R.}
}
@article {309,
	title = {A validated description of age and growth of western Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus)},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 805; 348EN Times Cited:4 Cited References Count:12Y},
	pages = {1523-1527},
	abstract = {Current stock assessments of western Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thymus) use age-structured population analyses, but the age assignment in the population model is made using all age-length relationship derived from mark and recapture studies largely completed during the 1970s. In our study, the deposition of bomb radiocarbon was used as a dated mark to validate age inferences of bluefin tuna and to compare the validated ages with those predicted from the age-length relationship. The results support the view that the age-length relationship currently in use for the assessment overestimates growth rate and the ultimate size of the fish. These findings have implications for the estimation of stock productivity and may negatively impact the rebuilding schedules established by fisheries managers.},
	issn = {0706-652X},
	doi = {10.1139/F08-127},
	author = {Neilson, J. D. and Campana, S. E.}
}
@article {336,
	title = {Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {316},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1897; ISI Document Delivery No.: 153XD Times Cited: 46 Cited Reference Count: 61 Cited References: ADKINS JF, 1997, NATURE, V390, P154 ADKINS JF, 1999, RECONSTRUCTING OCEAN, P103 ADKINS JF, 2003, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V216, P109, DOI 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00502-8 BACON MP, 1982, J GEOPHYS RES, V87, P2045 BICKERT T, 2004, S ATLANTIC LATE QUAT, P671 BOYLE EA, 1982, SCIENCE, V218, P784 BROECKER W, 1988, RADIOCARBON, V30, P261 CHASE Z, 2002, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V204, P215 CLARK PU, 2002, NATURE, V415, P863 CONKRIGHT ME, 2002, WORLD OCEAN ATLAS 20 CURRY WB, 1982, QUATERNARY RES, V18, P218 CURRY WB, 2005, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V20, ARTN PA1017 DUPIESSY JC, 1980, NATURE, V286, P479 DUPLESSY JC, 1988, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V3, P343 DUPLESSY JC, 1989, RADIOCARBON, V31, P493 ELDERFIELD H, 2006, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V250, P633, DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.07.041 EMILIANI C, 1955, J GEOL, V63, P538 GANACHAUD A, 2000, NATURE, V408, P453 GEBBIE G, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q11N07 GHERARDI JM, 2005, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V240, P710, DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.061 HALL IR, 2006, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V33, ARTN L16616 HALL MM, 1982, DEEP-SEA RES, V29, P339 HEWITT CD, 2003, CLIM DYNAM, V20, P203, DOI 10.1007/s00382-002-0272-6 HIRSCHI JJM, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q10N04 HUYBERS P, 2007, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V37, P394, DOI 10.1175/JPO3018.1 KEIGWIN LD, 2004, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V19, ARTN PA4012 KISSEL C, 1999, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V171, P489 KITOH A, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V28, P2221 KUCERA M, 2005, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V24, P951, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.07.014 KUMAR N, 1993, NATURE, V362, P45 LEGRAND P, 1995, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V10, P1011 LEGRANDE AN, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P837 LYNCHSTIEGLITZ J, 1999, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V14, P360 LYNCHSTIEGLITZ J, 2001, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V2, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000208 LYNCHSTIEGLITZ J, 2003, TREATISE GEOCHEMISTR, V6, P433 LYNCHSTIEGLITZ J, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q10N03 MANABE S, 1988, J CLIMATOL, V1, P841 MANGINI A, 1998, NATURE, V392, P347 MARCHAL O, 2000, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V15, P625 MARCHITTO TM, 2000, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V15, P299 MARCHITTO TM, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q12003 MAROTZKE J, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V104, P29529 MATSUMOTO K, 1999, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V14, P149 MCCAVE IN, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q10N05 MCMANUS JF, 2004, NATURE, V428, P834, DOI 10.1038/nature02494 MIX AC, 2001, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V20, P627 OTTOBLIESNER BL, 2006, J CLIMATE, V19, P2526 PAUL A, 2003, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V18, ARTN 1058 PIOTROWSKI AM, 2005, SCIENCE, V307, P1933, DOI 10.1126/science.1104883 ROBINSON LF, 2005, SCIENCE, V310, P1469, DOI 10.1126/science.1114832 ROEMMICH D, 1985, DEEP-SEA RES, V32, P619 SARNTHEIN M, 1994, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V9, P209 SCHMITTNER A, 2005, GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY, V19, ARTN GB3004 SHACKLETON NJ, 1988, NATURE, V335, P708 SHIN SI, 2003, CLIM DYNAM, V20, P127, DOI 10.1007/s00382-002-0260-x STOMMEL H, 1961, TELLUS, V13, P224 STREETER SS, 1979, SCIENCE, V203, P168 VELLINGA M, 2002, CLIMATIC CHANGE, V54, P251 WUNSCH C, 2003, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V22, P371 YU EF, 1996, NATURE, V379, P689 ZHANG R, 2005, J CLIMATE, V18, P1853 Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean Adkins, Jess F. Curry, William B. Dokken, Trond Hall, Ian R. Herguera, Juan Carlos Hirschi, Joel J. -M. Ivanova, Elena V. Kissel, Catherine Marchal, Olivier Marchitto, Thomas M. McCave, I. Nicholas McManus, Jerry F. Mulitza, Stefan Ninnemann, Ulysses Peeters, Frank Yu, Ein-Fen Zahn, Rainer Amer assoc advancement science Washington; YY},
	pages = {66-69},
	abstract = {The circulation of the deep Atlantic Ocean during the height of the last ice age appears to have been quite different from today. We review observations implying that Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum was neither extremely sluggish nor an enhanced version of present-day circulation. The distribution of the decay products of uranium in sediments is consistent with a residence time for deep waters in the Atlantic only slightly greater than today. However, evidence from multiple water-mass tracers supports a different distribution of deep-water properties, including density, which is dynamically linked to circulation.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1137127},
	author = {Lynch-Stieglitz, J. and Adkins, J. F. and Curry, W. B. and Dokken, T. and Hall, I. R. and Herguera, J. C. and Hirschi, J. J. M. and Ivanova, E. V. and Kissel, C. and Marchal, O. and Marchitto, T. M. and McCave, I. N. and McManus, J. F. and Mulitza, S. and Ninnemann, U. and Peeters, F. and Yu, E. F. and Zahn, R.}
}
@article {604,
	title = {Distribution and turnover of carbon in natural and constructed wetlands in the Florida Everglades},
	journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2007},
	note = {216vhTimes Cited:23Cited References Count:36},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {1936-1948},
	abstract = {Stable and radiocarbon isotopic contents of dissolved organic C (DOC), dissolved inorganic C (DIC), particulate organic C (POC) and plants were used to examine the source and turnover rate of C in natural and constructed wetlands in the Florida Everglades. DOC concentrations decreased, with P concentrations, along a water quality gradient from the agriculturally impacted areas in the northern Everglades to the more pristine Everglades National Park. delta C-13 values of DOC in the area reflect contributions of both wetland vegetation and sugarcane from agriculture. Radiocarbon ages of DOC, POC and DIC in the Everglades ranged from 2.01 ka BP to ">modern". The old C-14 ages of DOC and POC were found in impacted areas near the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) in the northern Everglades. In contrast, DOC and POC in pristine marsh areas had near modern or ">modern" C-14 ages. These data indicate that a major source of POC and DOC in impacted areas is the degradation of historic peat deposits in the EAA. In the pristine areas of the marsh, DOC represents a mix of modern and historic C sources, whereas POC comes from modern primary production as indicated by positive A C-14 values, suggesting that DOC is transported farther away from its source than POC. High A C-14 values of DIC indicate that dissolution of limestone bedrock is not a significant source of DIC in the Everglades wetlands. As a restored wetland moves towards its "original" or "natural" state, the C-14 signatures of DOC should approach that of modern atmosphere. In addition, measurements of concentration and C isotopic composition of DOC in two small constructed wetlands (i.e., test cells) indicate that these freshwater wetland systems contain a labile DOC pool with rapid turnover times of 26-39 days and that the test cells are overall net sinks of DOC. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0883-2927},
	doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.007},
	author = {Stern, J. and Wang, Y. and Gu, B. and Newman, J.}
}
@article {1362,
	title = {Field and laboratory data from an earthquake history study of scarps of the Lake Creek-Boundary Creek fault between the Elwha River and Siebert Creek, Clallam County, Washington},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 433},
	month = {2007},
	author = {Nelson, A. R. and Personius, S. F. and Buck, Jason and Bradley, L. A. and Wells, R. E. and Schermer, E. R.}
}
@inbook {1463,
	title = {Oceanic dispersal and accumulation of river sediment},
	booktitle = {Continental-Margin Sedimentation: from Sediment Transport to Sequence Stratigraphy},
	volume = {IAS Special Publication},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1119},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {608},
	publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
	organization = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {Sommerfield, C. K. and Agston, A. S. and Mullenbach, B. L. and Drake, D. E. and Alexander, C. R. and Nittrouer, C. A. and Borgeld, J. C. and Wheatcroft, R. A. and Leithold, E. L.},
	editor = {Nittrouer, C. A.}
}
@article {1885,
	title = {Radiocarbon and stable isotope geochemistry of organic matter in the Amazon headwaters, Peruvian Andes},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2007},
	note = {185aaTimes Cited:12
Cited References Count:37
},
	month = {Jun 27},
	abstract = {[1] We used delta C-13, delta N-15, and Delta C-14 to determine the sources of riverine organic matter in the Pozuzo River, a tributary of the Pachitea River located in the mountainous headwaters of the Amazon. Particulate organic matter (POM) Delta C-14 decreased downstream, suggesting that young organic matter (OM) introduced in small headwaters is respired preferentially in rivers or is diluted downstream with older material. The delta C-13 and delta N-15 of POM in headwater rivers were heterogeneous and also isotopically distinct from the main stem, suggesting that differences in landscape processes in small catchments impact the concentration and composition of POM in streams. The delta C-13 of dissolved organic matter (DOM) closely mirrored that of POM in the headwaters, with an apparent decoupling of dissolved and particulate OM in the river main stem. The delta C-13 of POM sampled in 2004 had a much different relationship with altitude than observed during previous years: In 2004, a very dry year, we observed enrichment from the headwaters to the main stem, and the opposite pattern in 2002, when rain fell heavily throughout the sampling campaign. This suggests that during dry conditions, in-stream processes ( such as resuspension or photosynthesis) may control riverine POM composition as opposed to terrestrial processes, which dominate during high runoff. Thus a decrease in runoff in Andean headwaters could result in less terrestrial POM transfer to rivers in the Andes foothills and lowland Amazon with a corresponding decrease in aquatic CO2 evasion.},
	keywords = {amino-acids, atlantic-ocean, carbon, drainage-basin, land-use, nitrogen, particulate, river system, sediments, streams},
	isbn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2006GB002835},
	author = {Townsend-Small, A. and Noguera, J. L. and McClain, M. E. and Brandes, J. A.}
}
@inbook {1447,
	title = {Submarine canyon and fan systems of the California Continental Borderland, Chapter 3-7},
	booktitle = {Earth Science in the Urban Ocean: The Southern California Contental Borderlands},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 992},
	month = {2007},
	author = {Normark, W. R. and Piper, D. J. W. and Romans, B. W. and Covault, J. A. and Dartnell, P. and Sliter, R. W.},
	editor = {Paper, Geological Society of America Special}
}
@inbook {1445,
	title = {Tectonics and relative sea-level change},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 998},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {3072-3087},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	organization = {Elsevier},
	author = {Nelson, A. R.},
	editor = {Scott, Elias}
}
@article {1920,
	title = {Characterizing biodegration and microbial metabolic activity in situ using natural abundance, molecular-level 14C analysis},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 614},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {981-989},
	author = {Slater, G. F. and Nelson, R. K. and Kile, B. M. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {652,
	title = {Great earthquakes of variable magnitude at the Cascadia subduction zone},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2006},
	note = {046pgTimes Cited:70Cited References Count:66},
	month = {May},
	pages = {354-365},
	abstract = {Comparison of histories of great earthquakes and accompanying tsunamis at eight coastal sites suggests plate-boundary ruptures of varying length, implying great earthquakes of variable magnitude at the Cascadia subduction zone. Inference of rupture length relies on degree of overlap on radiocarbon age ranges for earthquakes and tsunamis, and relative amounts of coseismic subsidence and heights of tsunamis. Written records of a tsunami in Japan provide the most conclusive evidence for rupture of much of the plate boundary during the earthquake of 26 January 1700. Cascadia stratigraphic evidence dating from about 1600 cal yr B.P., similar to that for the 1700 earthquake, implies a similarly long rupture with substantial subsidence and a high tsunami. Correlations are consistent with other long ruptures about 1350 cal yr B.P., 2500 cal yr B.P., 3400 cal yr B.P., 3800 cal yr B.P., 4400 cal yr B.P., and 4900 cal yr B.P. A rupture about 700-1100 cal yr B.P. was limited to the northern and central parts of the subduction zone, and a northern rupture about 2900 cal yr B.P. may have been similarly limited. Times of probable short ruptures in southern Cascadia include about I 100 cal yr B.P., 1700 cal yr B.P., 3200 cal yr B.P., 4200 cal yr B.P., 4600 cal yr B.P., and 4700 cal yr B.P. Rupture patterns suggest that the plate boundary in northern Cascadia usually breaks in long ruptures during the greatest earthquakes. Ruptures in southernmost Cascadia vary in length and recurrence intervals more than ruptures in northern Cascadia. Published by University of Washington.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2006.02.009},
	author = {Nelson, A. R. and Kelsey, H. M. and Witter, R. C.}
}
@article {1919,
	title = {Intrinsic bacterial biodegradation of petroleum contamination demonstrated in situ using natural abundance, molecular-level 14C analysis},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 594},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {981-989},
	author = {Slater, Gregory F. and Nelson, Robert K. and Kile, Brian M. and Reddy, Christopher M.}
}
@conference {1686,
	title = {Mercury contamination in Connecticut and Long Island Sound from historic hat-making sources},
	booktitle = {GSA Annual Meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 747},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Philadelphia, PA},
	author = {Goldoff, B. and Varekamp, J. C. and Neupane, A.}
}
@article {1026,
	title = {Meridional overturning circulation in the South Atlantic at the last glacial maximum},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2006},
	note = {092siTimes Cited:17Cited References Count:46},
	month = {Oct 3},
	abstract = {The geostrophic shear associated with the meridional overturning circulation is reflected in the difference in density between the eastern and western margins of the ocean basin. Here we examine how the density difference across 30 degrees S in the upper 2 km of the Atlantic Ocean ( and thus the magnitude of the shear associated with the overturning circulation) has changed between the last glacial maximum and the present. We use oxygen isotope measurements on benthic foraminifera to reconstruct density. Today, the density in upper and intermediate waters along the eastern margin in the South Atlantic is greater than along the western margin, reflecting the vertical shear associated with the northward flow of surface and intermediate waters and the southward flowing North Atlantic Deep Waters below. The greater density along the eastern margin is reflected in the higher delta(18)O values for surface sediment benthic foraminifera than those found on the western margin for the upper 2 km. For the last glacial maximum the available data indicate that the eastern margin foraminifera had similar delta(18)O to those on the western margin between 1 and 2 km and that the gradient was reversed relative to today with the higher delta(18)O values in the western margin benthic foraminifera above 1 km. If this reversal in benthic foraminifera delta(18)O gradient reflects a reversal in seawater density gradient, these data are not consistent with a vigorous but shallower overturning cell in which surface waters entering the Atlantic basin are balanced by the southward export of Glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water.},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2005GC001226},
	author = {Lynch-Stieglitz, J. and Curry, W. B. and Oppo, D. W. and Ninneman, U. S. and Charles, C. D. and Munson, J.}
}
@article {664,
	title = {A multiproxy palaeoecological record of Holocene lake sediments from the Rio Tapajos, eastern Amazonia},
	journal = {Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology},
	volume = {240},
	year = {2006},
	note = {097fbTimes Cited:40Cited References Count:78},
	month = {Oct 19},
	pages = {523-535},
	abstract = {Two sediment cores up to 42 m in length were raised from the wide, deep, section of the lower Tapajos River, Amazonia, referred to as Lago Tapajos. These cores reveal a history of subtle environmental change that began with the formation of Lago Tapajos as sea level rose about 11,000 years ago. The sediments of the lake were deposited fairly quickly-at a rate of ca. 4 m per millennium and are uniformly fine grained, with low organic content. The fossil pollen record derived from these sediments reveals that forest surrounded this site throughout the Holocene. The largest change in the core took place between ca. 5500 and 4200 cal. years BP and reflects a transition from coarser to finer sediments. Coincident with the change in sediment is a slight transition in the pollen spectra with an increase in Poaceae abundance at the expense of the pioneer tree Cecropia cecropia. A tentative explanation is offered in which increased human activity, possibly spurred by climatic change, resulted in the formation of some local grasslands. However, despite the apparent actions of humans, there is no indication of basin-wide transformation of landscapes in this record. The Holocene persistence of forest as the dominant landscape matrix around Lago Tapajos is supported by low delta C-13 values and by the constant geochemistry and mineralogy of the lake sediments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.005},
	author = {Irion, G. and Bush, M. B. and de Mello, J. A. N. and Stuben, D. and Neumann, T. and Muller, G. and De, J. O. and Junk, J. W.}
}
@article {1960,
	title = {The North Anatolian fault in the Gulf of Izmit (Turkey): Rapid vertical motion in response to minor bends of a non-vertical continental transform},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 532},
	month = {2006},
	author = {Cormier, M. H. and Seeber, L. and McHugh, C. M. G. and Polonia, A. and Cagatay, M. N. and Emre, O. and Gasperini, L. and Gorur, N. and Bortoluzzi, G. and Bonatti, E. and Ryan, W. B. F. and Newman, K. R.}
}
@article {1948,
	title = {Rotasonic vibracores from northeastern North Carolina, cores OBX-10 through OBX-18},
	journal = {NCGS Open-file Report},
	volume = {II},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 704},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {1 CD ROM},
	author = {Hoffman, C. W. and Farrell, K. M. and Pierson, J. A. and Ward, A. N. and Nickerson, J. G. and Brooks, R. W. and Ganey, J. G.}
}
@article {706,
	title = {Sea-level and tectonic control of middle to late Pleistocene turbidite systems in Santa Monica Basin, offshore California},
	journal = {Sedimentology},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2006},
	note = {063ieTimes Cited:24Cited References Count:38},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {867-897},
	abstract = {Small turbidite systems offshore from southern California provide an opportunity to track sediment from river source through the turbidity-current initiation process to ultimate deposition, and to evaluate the impact of changing sea level and tectonics. The Santa Monica Basin is almost a closed system for terrigenous sediment input, and is supplied principally from the Santa Clara River. The Hueneme fan is supplied directly by the river, whereas the smaller Mugu and Dume fans are nourished by southward longshore drift. This study of the Late Quaternary turbidite fill of the Santa Monica Basin uses a dense grid of high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles tied to new radiocarbon ages for Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1015 back to 32 ka. Over the last glacial cycle, sedimentation rates in the distal part of Santa Monica Basin averaged 2-3 mm yr(-1), with increases at times of extreme relative sea-level lowstand. Coarser-grained mid-fan lobes prograded into the basin from the Hueneme, Mugu and Dume fans at times of rapid sea-level fall. These pulses of coarse-grained sediment resulted from river channel incision and delta cannibalization. During the extreme lowstand of the last glacial maximum, sediment delivery was concentrated on the Hueneme Fan, with mean depositional rates of up to 13 mm yr(-1) on the mid- and upper fan. During the marine isotope stage (MIS) 2 transgression, enhanced rates of sedimentation of > 4 mm yr(-1) occurred on the Mugu and Dume fans, as a result of distributary switching and southward littoral drift providing nourishment to these fan systems. Longer-term sediment delivery to Santa Monica Basin was controlled by tectonics. Prior to MIS 10, the Anacapa ridge blocked the southward discharge of the Santa Clara River into the Santa Monica Basin. The pattern and distribution of turbidite sedimentation was strongly controlled by sea level through the rate of supply of coarse sediment and the style of initiation of turbidity currents. These two factors appear to have been more important than the absolute position of sea level.},
	issn = {0037-0746},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00797.x},
	author = {Normark, W. R. and Piper, D. J. W. and Sliter, R.}
}
@article {707,
	title = {Tracking the weathering of an oil spill with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography},
	journal = {Environmental Forensics},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2006},
	note = {032ldTimes Cited:62Cited References Count:21},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {33-44},
	abstract = {Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) was used to investigate the Bouchard 120 oil spill. The latter occurred on April 25, 2003, when the barge Bouchard 120 spilled similar to 375,000 liters of No. 6 fuel oil into Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. In order to gain a better understanding of the natural processes affecting the fate of the spilled product, we collected and analyzed oil-covered rocks from Nyes Neck beach in North Falmouth, Massachusetts. Here we discuss the data from samples collected on May 9, 2003, and six months later, on November 23, 2003. Along with standard two-dimensional gas chromatographic analysis, we employed unique data-visualization techniques such as difference, ratio, and addition chromatograms to highlight how evaporation, water washing, and biodegradation weathered the spilled oil. These approaches provide a new perspective to studying oil spills and aid attempts to remediate them.},
	issn = {1527-5922},
	doi = {10.1080/15275920500506758},
	author = {Nelson, R. K. and Kile, B. M. and Plata, D. L. and Sylva, S. P. and Xu, L. and Reddy, C. M. and Gaines, R. B. and Frysinger, G. S. and Reichenbach, S. E.}
}
@article {684,
	title = {Basal inflection-control led shelf-edge wedges off New Jersey track sea-level fall},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2005},
	note = {922awTimes Cited:19Cited References Count:24},
	month = {May},
	pages = {429-432},
	abstract = {A key marker for examining the latest Pleistocene history of the New Jersey margin is the high-amplitude, long-recognized R-horizon reflector. This time-transgressive surface was formed 4733 ka and represents the integrated topographic and bathymetric surface developed during the complicated sea-level oscillation associated with the regression that preceded the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). From landward to seaward across the outer shelf, the R reflector changes from subhorizontal, in most locations < 9 m beneath the modern seafloor, to seaward dipping, forming the base of two of flapping sediment wedges: the previously described outer-shelf wedge and a deep-shelf wedge seaward of it. This transition occurs across two inflection zones, where the dip of the R reflector steepens seaward, that can be traced for tens of kilometers along strike and mark the landward limits of these wedges. These inflection zones are possibly former wave-dominated shorefaces; these represent the primary topographic elements present during the last regression. We speculate that these inflections dictated both the locations for deposition of the two prograding, of flapping wedges that developed during the complex sea-level fall prior to the LGM and their successive erosion before and after the LGM. We suggest that such inflection zones and their associated wedges are important markers of regression in clastic-dominated outer-shelf settings along passive margins.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G21310.1},
	author = {Gulick, S. P. S. and Goff, J. A. and Austin, J. A. and Alexander, C. R. and Nordfjord, S. and Fulthorpe, C. S.}
}
@article {1989,
	title = {Isolation and Characterization of a Genetically Tractable Photoautotrophic Fe(II)-Oxidizing Bacterium, Rhodopseudomonaspalustris Strain TIE-1},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1576},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {4487-4496},
	author = {Jiao, Yongqin and Kappler, Andreas and Croal, Laura R. and Newman, Dianne K.}
}
@article {611,
	title = {Late-glacial and Holocene record of lake levels of Mathews Pond and Whitehead Lake, northern Maine, USA},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2005},
	note = {953ghTimes Cited:21Cited References Count:81},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {283-310},
	abstract = {Paleohydrology studies at Mathews Pond and Whitehead Lake in northern Maine revealed synchronous changes in lake levels from about 12,000 C-14 yrs BP to the present. We analyzed gross sediment structure, organic and carbonate content, mineral grain size, and macrofossils of six cores from each of the two lakes, and obtained 72 radiocarbon dates. Interpretation of this paleo-environmental data suggests that the lateglacial and Younger Dryas climate was dry, and lake levels were low. Early Holocene lake levels were considerably higher but declined for an interval from about 8000 to 7200 14 C yrs BP. Sediment of both lakes contains evidence of a dry period at similar to 7400 C-14 yrs BP (8200 cal yr). Lake levels of both sites declined abruptly about 4800 14 C yrs BP and remained low until 3000 14 C yrs BP. Modern lake levels were achieved only within the past 600 years. The west-to-east, time-transgressive nature of lake-level changes from several sites across northeastern North America suggests periodic changes in atmospheric circulation patterns as a driving force behind observed moisture balance changes.},
	issn = {0921-2728},
	doi = {10.1007/s10933-005-4958-8},
	author = {Dieffenbacher-Krall, A. C. and Nurse, A. M.}
}
@inbook {1452,
	title = {Microbial transformations of organic matter in black shales and implications for global biogeochemical cycles},
	booktitle = {Geobiology: Objectives, Concepts, Perspectives},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 758},
	month = {2005},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	organization = {Elsevier},
	author = {Petsch, S. T. and Edwards, K. J. and Eglinton, T. I.},
	editor = {Noffke, N.}
}
@article {673,
	title = {Multiple sources for late-Holocene tsunamis at Discovery Bay, Washington State, USA},
	journal = {Holocene},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2005},
	note = {894xjTimes Cited:37Cited References Count:67},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {60-73},
	abstract = {Nine muddy sand beds interrupt a 2500- yr- old sequence of peat deposits beneath a tidal marsh at the head of Discovery Bay on the south shore of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington. An inferred tsunami origin for the sand beds is assessed by means of six criteria. Although all the sand beds contain marine diatoms and almost all the beds display internal strati. cation, the areal extent of the oldest beds is too limited to confirm their origin as tsunami deposits. The ages of four beds overlap with known late Holocene tsunamis generated by plate- boundary earthquakes at the Cascadia subduction zone. Diatom assemblages in peat deposits bracketing these four beds do not indicate concurrent change in elevation at Discovery Bay. Diatoms in the peat bracketing a tsunami bed deposited about 1000 cal. yr BP indicate a few decimeters of submergence, suggesting deformation on a nearby upper- plate fault. Other beds may mark tsunamis caused by more distant upper- plate earthquakes or local submarine landslides triggered by earthquake shaking. Tsunamis from both subduction zone and upper- plate sources pose a significant hazard to shoreline areas in this region.},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1191/0956683605hl784rp},
	author = {Williams, H. F. L. and Hutchinson, I. and Nelson, A. R.}
}
@article {710,
	title = {The Paleoproterozoic snowball Earth: a climate disaster triggered by the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis},
	journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
	volume = {102},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Kopp, Robert EKirschvink, Joseph LHilburn, Isaac ANash, Cody ZengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.2005/08/03 09:00Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Aug 9;102(32):11131-6. Epub 2005 Aug 1.},
	month = {Aug 09},
	pages = {11131-6},
	abstract = {Although biomarker, trace element, and isotopic evidence have been used to claim that oxygenic photosynthesis evolved by 2.8 giga-annum before present (Ga) and perhaps as early as 3.7 Ga, a skeptical examination raises considerable doubt about the presence of oxygen producers at these times. Geological features suggestive of oxygen, such as red beds, lateritic paleosols, and the return of sedimentary sulfate deposits after a approximately 900-million year hiatus, occur shortly before the approximately 2.3-2.2 Ga Makganyene "snowball Earth" (global glaciation). The massive deposition of Mn, which has a high redox potential, practically requires the presence of environmental oxygen after the snowball. New age constraints from the Transvaal Supergroup of South Africa suggest that all three glaciations in the Huronian Supergroup of Canada predate the Snowball event. A simple cyanobacterial growth model incorporating the range of C, Fe, and P fluxes expected during a partial glaciation in an anoxic world with high-Fe oceans indicates that oxygenic photosynthesis could have destroyed a methane greenhouse and triggered a snowball event on time-scales as short as 1 million years. As the geological evidence requiring oxygen does not appear during the Pongola glaciation at 2.9 Ga or during the Huronian glaciations, we argue that oxygenic cyanobacteria evolved and radiated shortly before the Makganyene snowball.},
	issn = {0027-8424 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0504878102},
	author = {Kopp, R. E. and Kirschvink, J. L. and Hilburn, I. A. and Nash, C. Z.}
}
@article {573,
	title = {Recent and modern marine erosion on the New Jersey outer shelf},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {216},
	year = {2005},
	note = {925kdTimes Cited:42Cited References Count:53},
	month = {May 15},
	pages = {275-296},
	abstract = {Recent chirp seismic reflection data combined with multibeam bathymetry, backscatter, and analysis of grab samples and short cores provide evidence of significant recent erosion on the outer New Jersey shelf. The timing of erosion is constrained by two factors: (1) truncation at the seafloor of what is interpreted to be the transgressive ravinement surface at the base of the surficial sand sheet, and (2) truncation of apparently moribund sand ridges along erosional swales oriented parallel to the primary direction of modem bottom flow and oblique to the strike of the sand ridges. These observations place the erosion in a marine setting, post-dating the passage of the shoreface ravinement and the evolution of sand ridges that form initially in the near shore environment. Also truncated by marine erosion are shallowly buried, fluvial channel systems, formed during the Last Glacial Maximum and filled during the transgression, and a regional reflector "R" that is > \&SIM; 40 kyr. Depths of erosion range from a few meters to \&GT; 10 m. The seafloor within eroded areas is often marked by "ribbon" morphology, seen primarily in the backscatter data as areas of alternating high and low backscatter elongated in the direction of primary bottom flow. Ribbons are more occasionally observed in the bathymetry; where observed, crests exhibit low backscatter and troughs exhibit high backscatter. Sampling reveals that the high backscatter areas of the ribbons consist of a trimodal admixture of mud, sand and shell hash, with a bimodal distribution of abraded and unabraded sand grains and microfauna. The shell hash is interpreted to be an erosional lag, while the muds and unabraded grains are, in this non-depositional environment, evidence of recent erosion at the seafloor of previously undisturbed strata. The lower-backscatter areas of the ribbon morphology were found to be a well-sorted medium sand unit only a few 10{\textquoteright}s of cm thick overlying the shelly/muddy/sandy material. Concentrations of well-rounded gravels and cobbles were also found in eroded areas with very high backscatter, and at least one of these appears to be derived from the base of an eroded fluvial channel. Seafloor reworking over the transgressive evolution of the shelf appears to have switched from sand ridge evolution, which is documented to \&SIM; 40 m water depth, to more strictly erosional modification at greater water depths. We suggest that this change may be related to the reduction with water depth in the effectiveness of sediment resuspension by waves. Resuspension is a critical factor in the grain size sorting during transport by bottom currents over large bedforms like sand ridges. Otherwise, we speculate, displacement of sand by unidirectional currents will erode the seafloor. \&COPY; 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2005.02.015},
	author = {Goff, J. A. and Austin, J. A. and Gulick, S. and Nordfjord, S. and Christensen, B. and Sommerfield, C. and Olson, H. and Alexander, C.}
}
@conference {1789,
	title = {Source, timing and depositional environments of Paleochannel incision and infill on the New Jersey Shelf},
	booktitle = {2005 National GSA Meeting},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 638},
	month = {2005},
	address = {Salat Lake City, UT},
	author = {Alexander, C. and Christensen, B. and Turner, J. and Goff, J. and Austin J.A, Jr. and Venherm, C. and Nordfjord, S. and Sommerfield, C. and Gulick, S. and Fulthorpe, C.}
}
@article {690,
	title = {Tsunami history of an Oregon coastal lake reveals a 4600 yr record of great earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {117},
	year = {2005},
	note = {938hsTimes Cited:103Cited References Count:73},
	month = {Jul-Aug},
	pages = {1009-1032},
	abstract = {Bradley Lake, on the southern Oregon coastal plain, records local tsunamis and seismic shaking on the Cascadia subduction zone over the last 7000 yr. Thirteen marine incursions delivered landward-thinning sheets of sand to the lake from nearshore, beach, and dune environments to the west. Following each incursion, a slug of marine water near the bottom of the freshwater take instigated a few-year-to-several-decade period of a brackish (<= 4 parts per thousand salinity) lake. Four additional disturbances without marine incursions destabilized sideslopes and bottom sediment, producing a suspension deposit that blanketed the lake bottom.Considering the magnitude and duration of the disturbances necessary to produce Bradley Lake{\textquoteright}s marine incursions, a local tsunami generated by a great earthquake on the Cascadia subduction zone is the only accountable mechanism. Extreme ocean levels must have been at least 5-8 m above sea level, and the cumulative duration of each marine incursion must have been at least 10 min. Disturbances without marine incursions require seismic shaking as well.Over the 4600 yr period when Bradley Lake was an optimum tsunami recorder, tsunamis from Cascadia plate-boundary earthquakes came in clusters. Between 4600 and 2800 cal yr B.P., tsunamis occurred at the average frequency of similar to 3-4 every 1000 yr. Then, starting similar to 2800 cal yr B.P., there was a 930-1260 yr interval with no tsunamis. That gap was followed by a similar to 1000 yr period with 4 tsunamis. In the last millennium, a 670-750 yr gap preceded the A.D. 1700 earthquake and tsunami. The A.D. 1700 earthquake may be the first of a new cluster of plate-boundary earthquakes and accompanying tsunamis.Local tsunamis entered Bradley Lake an average of every 390 yr, whereas the portion of the Cascadia plate boundary that underlies Bradley Lake ruptured in a great earthquake less frequently, about once every 500 yr. Therefore, the entire length of the subduction zone does not rupture in every earthquake, and Bradley Lake has recorded earthquakes caused by rupture along the entire length of the Cascadia plate boundary as well as earthquakes caused by rupture of shorter segments of the boundary. The tsunami record from Bradley Lake indicates that at times, most recently similar to 1700 yr B.P., overlapping or adjoining segments of the Cascadia plate boundary ruptured within decades of each other.},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/B25452.1},
	author = {Kelsey, H. M. and Nelson, A. R. and Hemphill-Haley, E. and Witter, R. C.}
}
@article {404,
	title = {Using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography retention indices to estimate environmental partitioning properties for a complete set of diesel fuel hydrocarbons},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1700; 985UM Times Cited:30 Cited References Count:56},
	pages = {7172-7182},
	abstract = {Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) provides nearly complete composition data for some complex mixtures such as petroleum hydrocarbons. However, the potential wealth of physical property information contained in the corresponding two-dimensional chromatograms is largely untapped. We developed a simple but robust method to estimate GC x GC retention indices for diesel-range hydrocarbons. By exploiting n-alkanes as reference solutes in both dimensions, calculated retention indices were insensitive to uncertainty in the enthalpy of gas-stationary-phase transfer for a suite of representative diesel components. We used the resulting two-dimensional retention indices to estimate the liquid vapor pressures, aqueous solubilities, air-water partition coefficients, octanol-water partition coefficients, and vaporization enthalpies of a nearly complete set of diesel fuel hydrocarbons. Partitioning properties were typically estimated within a factor of 2; this is not as accurate as some previous estimation or measurement methods. However, these relationships may allow powerful and incisive analysis of phase-transfer processes affecting petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures in the environment. For example, GC x GC retention data might be used to quantitatively deconvolve the effects of water washing and evaporation on environmentally released diesel fuels.},
	issn = {0003-2700},
	doi = {10.1021/Ac051051n},
	author = {Arey, J. S. and Nelson, R. K. and Xu, L. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {2023,
	title = {The 14C AMS system at the University of Georgia},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research},
	volume = {B 233-224},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1809},
	month = {2004},
	author = {Roberts, M. L. and Culp, R. A. and Dvoracek, D. K. and Hodgins, G. W. L. and Neary, M. P. and Noakes, J. E.}
}
@article {465,
	title = {The 14C AMS system at The University of Georgia},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {223-224},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 2103},
	pages = {1-4},
	abstract = {The Center for Applied Isotope Studies at the University of Georgia has installed a compact 14C accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) system manufactured by the National Electrostatics Corporation, Middleton, Wisconsin. The system utilizes a 134 sample ion source and a 500 kV Pelletron. In terms of cost and size, the new system is a significant advance over previous technology. Details and performance of the new system will be presented.},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2004.04.004},
	author = {Roberts, M. L. and Culp, R. A. and Dvoracek, D. K. and Hodgins, G. W. L. and Neary, M. P. and Noakes, J. E.}
}
@article {2033,
	title = {Age of the Palos Verdes submarine debris avalanche, southern California},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {203},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 990},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {247-259},
	author = {Normark, W. R. and McGann, M. and Sliter, R.}
}
@article {2037,
	title = {Artifacts from a submerged prehistoric site on the Coos Bay Estuary, southern Oregon coast},
	journal = {Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 993},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {41-52},
	author = {Minor, Rick and Nelson, Alan R.}
}
@article {588,
	title = {Carbonatization of oceanic crust by the seafloor hydrothermal activity and its significance as a CO2 sink in the Early Archean},
	journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {68},
	year = {2004},
	note = {869juTimes Cited:55Cited References Count:67},
	month = {Nov 15},
	pages = {4595-4618},
	abstract = {Early Archean (3.46 Ga) hydrothermally altered basaltic rocks exposed near Marble Bar, eastern Pilbara Craton, have been studied in order to reveal geological and geochemical natures of seafloor hydrothermal carbonatization and to estimate the CO2 flux sunk into the altered oceanic crust by the carbonatization. The basaltic rocks are divided into basalt and dolerite, and the basalt is further subdivided into type I, having original igneous rock textures, and type II, lacking these textures due to strong hydrothermal alteration. Primary clinopyroxene phenocrysts are preserved in some part of the dolerite samples, and the alteration mineral assemblage of dolerite (chlorite + epidote + albite +/- quartz actinolite) indicates that the alteration. condition was typical greenschist facies. In other samples, all primary minerals were completely replaced by secondary minerals, and the alteration mineral assemblage of the type I and type II basalts (chlorite + K-mica + quartz + carbonate minerals +/- albite) is characterized by the presence of K-mica and carbonate minerals and the absence of Ca-Al silicate minerals such as epidote and actinolite, suggesting the alteration condition of high CO2 fugacity. The difference of the alteration mineral assemblages between basalt and dolerite is probably attributed to the difference of water/rock ratio that, in turn, depends on their porosity.Carbonate minerals in the carbonatized basalt include calcite, ankerite, and siderite, but calcite is quite dominant: The delta(13)C values of the carbonate minerals are -0.3 +/- 1.2parts per thousand and mostly within the range of marine carbonate; indicating that the carbonate minerals were formed by seafloor hydrothermal alteration and that carbonate carbon in the altered basalt was derived from seawater. Whole-rock chemical composition of the basaltic rocks is essentially similar to that of modern mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) except for highly mobile elements such as K2O, Rb, Sr, and Ba. Compared to the least altered dolerite, all altered basalt samples are enriched in K2O, Rb, and Ba, and are depleted in Na2O, reflecting the presence of K-mica replacing primary plagioclase. In addition, noticeable CO2 enrichment is recognized in the basalt due to the ubiquitous presence of carbonate minerals, but there was essentially neither gain nor loss of CaO. This suggests that the CO2 in the hydrothermal fluid (seawater) was trapped by using Ca originally contained in the basalt. The CaO/CO2, ratios of the basalt are generally the same as that of pure calcite, indicating that Ca in the basalt was almost completely converted to calcite during the carbonatization, although Mg and Fe were mainly redistributed into noncarbonate minerals such as chlorite.The carbon flux into the Early Archean oceanic crust by the seafloor hydrothermal carbonatization is estimated to be 3.8 X 10(13) mol/yr, based on the average carbon content of altered oceanic crust of 1.4 X 10(-3) mol/g, the alteration depth of 500 m, and the spreading rate of 1.8 X 10(11) cm(2)/yr. This flux is equivalent to or greater than the present-day total carbon flux. It is most likely that the seafloor hydrothermal carbonatization played an important role as a sink of atmospheric and oceanic CO2 in the Early Archean: Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2004.05.023},
	author = {Nakamura, K. and Kato, Y.}
}
@article {2022,
	title = {Comments on potential geologic and seismic hazards affecting coastal Ventura County, CCalifornia},
	journal = {U. S. Geological Survey OFR 1004-1286},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 420},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {19 p.},
	author = {Ross, S. D. Boore and Fisher, M. and Frankel, A. and Geist, E. and Hudnut, K. and Kayen, R. and Lee, H. and Normark, W. R. and Wong, F.}
}
@article {2055,
	title = {Coupling instrumental and geological records of sea-level change: Evidence from southern New England of an increase in the rate of sea-level rise in the late 19th century},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2004},
	note = {806kkTimes Cited:94
Cited References Count:20
},
	month = {Mar 11},
	abstract = {We construct a high-resolution relative sea-level record for the past 700 years by dating basal salt-marsh peat samples above a glacial erratic in an eastern Connecticut salt marsh, to test whether or not the apparent recent acceleration in the rate of sea-level rise (SLR) is coeval with climate warming. The data reveal an average SLR rate of 1.0 +/- 0.2 mm/year from about 1300 to 1850 A. D. Coupling of the regional tide-gauge data (1856 to present) with this marsh-based record indicates that the nearly three-fold increase in the regional rate of SLR to modern levels likely occurred in the later half of the 19th century. Thus the timing of the observed SLR rate increase is coincident with the onset of climate warming, indicating a possible link between historic SLR increases and recent temperature increases.},
	keywords = {accretion, cal yr ad, climate-ocean variations, connecticut, long-island sound, salt-marsh},
	isbn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2003GL018933},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000220432600003},
	author = {Donnelly, J. P. and Cleary, P. and Newby, P. and Ettinger, R.}
}
@article {2039,
	title = {Evaluation of ocean carbon cycle models with data-based metrics},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2004},
	note = {811adTimes Cited:110
Cited References Count:17
},
	month = {Apr 2},
	abstract = {New radiocarbon and chlorofluorocarbon-11 data from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment are used to assess a suite of 19 ocean carbon cycle models. We use the distributions and inventories of these tracers as quantitative metrics of model skill and find that only about a quarter of the suite is consistent with the new data-based metrics. This should serve as a warning bell to the larger community that not all is well with current generation of ocean carbon cycle models. At the same time, this highlights the danger in simply using the available models to represent the state-of-the-art modeling without considering the credibility of each model.},
	keywords = {anthropogenic co2, pacific-ocean, radiocarbon},
	isbn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2003GL018970},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000220743900001},
	author = {Matsumoto, K. and Sarmiento, J. L. and Key, R. M. and Aumont, O. and Bullister, J. L. and Caldeira, K. and Campin, J. M. and Doney, S. C. and Drange, H. and Dutay, J. C. and Follows, M. and Gao, Y. and Gnanadesikan, A. and Gruber, N. and Ishida, A. and Joos, F. and Lindsay, K. and Maier-Reimer, E. and Marshall, J. C. and Matear, R. J. and Monfray, P. and Mouchet, A. and Najjar, R. and Plattner, G. K. and Schlitzer, R. and Slater, R. and Swathi, P. S. and Totterdell, I. J. and Weirig, M. F. and Yamanaka, Y. and Yool, A. and Orr, J. C.}
}
@article {723,
	title = {Evidence for Late Holocene earthquakes on the Utsalady Point Fault, northern puget lowland, Washington},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	volume = {94},
	year = {2004},
	note = {887giTimes Cited:18Cited References Count:46},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {2299-2316},
	abstract = {Trenches across the Utsalady Point fault in the northern Puget Lowland of Washington reveal evidence of at least one and probably two late Holocene earthquakes. The "Teeka"{\textquoteright} and "Duffers" trenches were located along a 1.4-km-long. 1- to 4-m-high, northwest-trending, southwest-facing. topographic scarp recognized from Airborne Laser Swath Mapping. Glaciomarine drift exposed in the trenches reveals evidence of about 95 to 150 cm of vertical and 200 to 220 cm of left-lateral slip in the Teeka trench. Radiocarbon ages from a buried soil A horizon and overlying slope colluvium alone, with the historical record of earthquakes suggest that this faulting occurred 100 to 400 calendar years B.P. (A.D. 1550 to 1850). In the Duffers trench, 370 to 450 cm of vertical separation is accommodated by faulting (similar to210 cm) and folding (similar to160 to 240 cm), with probable but undetermined amounts of lateral slip. Stratigraphic relations and radiocarbon ages from buried soil, colluvium. and fissure fill in the hanging wall suggest the deformation at Duffers is most likely from two earthquakes that occurred between 100 to 500 and 1100 to 2200 calendar years B.P., but deformation during a single earthquake is also possible. For the two-earthquake hypothesis, deformation at Teeka trench in the first event involved folding but not faulting. Regional relations suggest that the earthquake(s) were M greater than or equal to similar to6.7 and that offshore rupture may have produced tsunamis. Based on this investigation and related recent studies, the maximum recurrence interval for large ground-rupturing crustal-fault earthquakes in the Puget Lowland is about 400 to 600 years or less.},
	issn = {0037-1106},
	doi = {10.1785/0120040050},
	author = {Johnson, S. Y. and Nelson, A. R. and Personius, S. F. and Wells, R. E. and Kelsey, H. N. and Sherrod, B. L. and Okumura, K. and Koehler, R. and Witter, R. C. and Bradley, L. A. and Harding, D. J.}
}
@article {724,
	title = {Great earthquakes and tsunamis of the past 2000 years at the Salmon River estuary, central Oregon coast, USA},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	volume = {94},
	year = {2004},
	note = {855anTimes Cited:18Cited References Count:80},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {1276-1292},
	abstract = {Four buried tidal marsh soils at a protected inlet near the mouth of the Salmon River yield definitive to equivocal evidence for coseismic subsidence and burial by tsunami-deposited sand during great earthquakes at the Cascadia subduction zone. An extensive, landward-tapering sheet of sand overlies a peaty tidal-marsh soil over much of the lower estuary. Limited pollen and macrofossil data suggest that the soil suddenly subsided 0.3-1.0 m shortly before burial. Regional correlation of similar soils at tens of estuaries to the north and south and precise C-14 ages from one Salmon River site imply that the youngest soil subsided during the great earthquake of 26 January A.D. 1700. Evidence for sudden subsidence of three older soils during great earthquakes is more equivocal because older-soil stratigraphy can be explained by local hydrographic changes in the estuary. Regional C-14 correlation of two of the three older soils with soils at sites that better meet criteria for a great-earthquake origin is consistent with the older soils recording subsidence and tsunamis during at least two great earthquakes. Pollen evidence of sudden coseismic subsidence from the older soils is inconclusive, probably because the amount of subsidence was small (<0.5 m). The shallow depths of the older soils yield rates of relative sea-level rise substantially less than rates previously calculated for Oregon estuaries.},
	issn = {0037-1106},
	doi = {10.1785/012003210},
	author = {Nelson, A. R. and Asquith, A. C. and Grants, W. C.}
}
@article {687,
	title = {Holocene fault scarps near Tacoma, Washington, USA},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2004},
	note = {765ehTimes Cited:50Cited References Count:22},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {9-12},
	abstract = {Airborne laser mapping confirms that Holocene active faults traverse the Puget Sound metropolitan area, northwestern continental United States. The mapping, which detects forest-floor relief of as little as 15 cm, reveals scarps along geophysical lineaments that separate areas of Holocene uplift and subsidence. Along one such line of scarps, we found that a fault warped the ground surface between A.D. 770 and 1160. This reverse fault, which projects through Tacoma, Washington, bounds the southern and western sides of the Seattle uplift. The northern flank of the Seattle uplift is bounded by a reverse fault beneath Seattle that broke in A.D. 900-930. Observations of tectonic scarps along the Tacoma fault demonstrate that active faulting with associated surface rupture and ground motions pose a significant hazard in the Puget Sound region.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G19914.1},
	author = {Sherrod, B. L. and Brocher, T. M. and Weaver, C. S. and Bucknam, R. C. and Blakely, R. J. and Kelsey, H. M. and Nelson, A. R. and Haugerud, R.}
}
@article {2034,
	title = {Late Quaternary deposition in the Inner Basins of the California Continental Borderland: Part A. Santa Monica Basin},
	journal = {U. S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004},
	volume = {5183},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 417},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {1-21},
	author = {Normark, W. R. and McGann, M.}
}
@inbook {1446,
	title = {Late Quaternary sedimentation and deformation in Santa Monica and Catalina Basins, offshore southern California},
	booktitle = {Geology and Tectonics of Santa Cataline Island and the California Continental Borderland},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 991},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {291-317},
	address = {Santa Ana, California},
	author = {Normark, W. R. and Baher, S. and Sliter, R.},
	editor = {Guidebook, South Coast Geological Society Annual Field Trip}
}
@conference {1734,
	title = {Paleochannel incision and infill on the New Jersey shelf: timing, character and depositional environment},
	booktitle = {2005 SE GSA Meeting},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1120},
	month = {2004},
	address = {Biloxi, MS},
	author = {Alexander, C. and Christensen, C. and Goff, J. and Austin J.A, Jr. and Venherm, C. and Nordfjord, S. and Gulick, S. and Sommerfield, C. and Fulthorpe, C. and Schock, S.}
}
@article {2035,
	title = {Quartz content and the quartz-to-plagioclase ratio determined by X-ray diffraction: a proxy for ice rafting in the northern North Atlantic?},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {218},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 713},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {389-401},
	author = {Moros, M. and McManus, J. F. and Rasmussen, T. and Kuijpers, A. and Dokken, T. and Snowball, I. and Jansen, E. and Neilsen, T.}
}
@article {2027,
	title = {Radiocarbon evidence for a naturally-produced, bioaccumulation halogenated organic compound},
	journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1806},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {1992-1997},
	author = {Reddy, C. M. and Xu, L. and O{\textquoteright}Neil, G. W. and Nelson, R. K. and Eglinton, T. I. and Faulkner, D. J. and Norstrom, R. and Ross, P. S. and Tittlemier, S. A.}
}
@article {2064,
	title = {The Catfish Lake scarp: preliminary field data and implications for earthquake hazards posed by the Tacoma fault},
	journal = {U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report},
	volume = {03-0455},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 430},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {11 p.},
	author = {Sherrod, B. L. and Nelson, A. R. and Kelsey, H. M. and Brocher, T. M. and Blakely, R. J. and Weaver, C. S. and Rountree, N. K. and Rhea, S. and Jackson, B. S.}
}
@article {747,
	title = {Extensive deposits on the Pacific plate from Late Pleistocene North American glacial lake outbursts},
	journal = {Journal of Geology},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2003},
	note = {758frTimes Cited:37Cited References Count:53},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {617-637},
	abstract = {One of the major unresolved issues of the Late Pleistocene catastrophic-flood events in the northwestern United States (e.g., from glacial Lake Missoula) has been what happened when the flood discharge reached the ocean. This study compiles available 3.5-kHz high-resolution and airgun seismic reflection data, long-range sidescan sonar images, and sediment core data to define the distribution of flood sediment in deepwater areas of the Pacific Ocean. Upon reaching the ocean at the mouth of the Columbia River near the present-day upper continental slope, sediment from the catastrophic floods continued flowing downslope as hyperpycnally generated turbidity currents. The turbidity currents resulting from the Lake Missoula and other latest Pleistocene floods followed the Cascadia Channel into and through the Blanco Fracture Zone and then flowed west to the Tufts Abyssal Plain. A small part of the flood sediment, which was stripped off the main flow at a bend in the Cascadia Channel at its exit point from the Blanco Fracture Zone, continued flowing more than 400 km to the south and reached the Escanaba Trough, a rift valley of the southern Gorda Ridge. Understanding the development of the pathway for the Late Pleistocene flood sediment reaching Escanaba Trough provides insight for understanding the extent of catastrophic flood deposits on the Pacific plate.},
	issn = {0022-1376},
	doi = {10.1086/378334},
	author = {Normark, W. R. and Reid, J. A.}
}
@article {1361,
	title = {Field and laboratory data from an earthquake history study of the Waterman Point fault, Kitsap County, Washington},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 429},
	month = {2003},
	author = {Nelson, A. R. and Johnson, S. Y. and Kelsey, S. K. and Wells, R. E. and Sherrod, B. L. and Bradley, L. A. and Okumura, K. and Bogar, R.}
}
@article {733,
	title = {Late Holocene earthquakes on the Toe Jam Hill fault, Seattle fault zone, Bainbridge Island, Washington},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {115},
	year = {2003},
	note = {740qwTimes Cited:41Cited References Count:53},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {1388-1403},
	abstract = {Five trenches across a Holocene fault scarp yield the first radiocarbon-measured earthquake recurrence intervals for a crustal fault in western Washington. The scarp, the first to be revealed by laser imagery, marks the Toe Jam Hill fault, a north-dipping backthrust to the Seattle fault. Folded and faulted strata, liquefaction features, and forest soil A horizons buried by hanging-wall-collapse colluvium record three, or possibly four, earthquakes between 2500 and 1000 yr ago. The most recent earthquake is probably the 1050-1020 cal. (calibrated) yr B.P. (A.D. 900930) earthquake that raised marine terraces and triggered a tsunami in Puget Sound. Vertical deformation estimated from strati-graphic and surface offsets at trench sites suggests late Holocene earthquake magnitudes near M7, corresponding to surface ruptures >36 km long. Deformation features recording poorly understood latest Pleistocene earthquakes suggest that they were smaller than late Holocene earthquakes. Postglacial earthquake recurrence intervals based on 97 radiocarbon ages, most on detrital charcoal, range from similar to12,000 yr to as little as a century or less; corresponding fault-slip rates are 0.2 mm/ yr for the past 16,000 yr and 2 mm/yr for the past 2500 yr. Because the Toe Jam Hill fault is a backthrust to the Seattle fault, it may not have ruptured during every earthquake on the Seattle fault. But the earthquake history of the Toe Jam Hill fault is at least a partial proxy for the history of the rest of the Seattle fault zone.},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/B25262.1},
	author = {Nelson, A. R. and Johnson, S. Y. and Kelsey, H. M. and Wells, R. E. and Sherrod, B. L. and Pezzopane, S. K. and Bradley, L. A. and Koehler, R. D. and Bucknam, R. C.}
}
@article {1358,
	title = {Map and data for Quaternary faults and folds in Washington State},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 997},
	month = {2003},
	author = {Lidke, D. J. and Johnson, S. Y. and McCory, P. A. and Personius, S. F. and Nelson, A. R. and Dart, R. L. and Bradley, L. A. and Haller, K. M. and Machette, M. N.}
}
@article {1357,
	title = {Maps and data from a trench investigation of the Utsalady Point fault, Whidbey Island, Washington},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 996},
	month = {2003},
	author = {Johnson, S. Y. and Nelson, A. R. and Personius, S. F. and Wells, R. E. and Kelsey, H. M. and Sherrod, B. L. and Okumura, K. and Koehler, R., III and Witter, R. C. and Bradley, L. A. and Harding, D. J.}
}
@conference {1785,
	title = {Sedimentology and age control of late Quaternary New Jersey shelf deposits},
	booktitle = {AGU Fall 2003 Meeting},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 636},
	month = {2003},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	author = {Alexander, C. and Sommerfield, C. and Austin J.A, Jr. and Christensen, B. and Fulthorpe, C. and Goff, J. and Gulick, S. and Nordfjord, S. and Nielson, D. and Schock, S.}
}
@article {2067,
	title = {Tufts submarine fan: Turbidity-current gateway to Escanaba Trough},
	journal = {U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2216},
	volume = {Bulletin 2216},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 418},
	month = {2003},
	author = {Reid, J. A. and Normark, W. R.}
}
@conference {1546,
	title = {The 14C AMS system at the University of Georgia},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1684},
	month = {2002},
	address = {Nagoya, Japan},
	author = {Roberts, M. L. and Culp, R. A. and Dvoracek, D. K. and Hodgins, G. W. L. and Neary, M. P. and Noakes, J. E.}
}
@article {677,
	title = {Bomb dating and age determination of large pelagic sharks},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
	volume = {59},
	year = {2002},
	note = {548ceTimes Cited:98Cited References Count:16},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {450-455},
	abstract = {Despite their notoriety and role as apex predators, the longevity of large pelagic sharks such as the porbeagle (Lamna nasus) and shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) is unknown. Vertebral growth bands provide an accurate indicator of age in young porbeagle, but age validation has never been reported for any large shark species past the age of sexual maturity. Here, we report the first application of bomb radiocarbon as an age validation method for long-lived sharks based on date-specific incorporation of radiocarbon into vertebral growth bands. Our results indicate that porbeagle vertebrae recorded and preserved a bomb radiocarbon pulse in growth bands formed during the 1960s. Through comparison of radiocarbon assays in young, known-age porbeagle collected in the 1960s with the corresponding growth bands in old porbeagle collected later, we confirm the validity of porbeagle vertebral growth band counts as accurate annual age indicators to an age of at least 26 years. The radiocarbon signatures of porbeagle vertebral growth bands appear to be temporally and metabolically stable and derived mainly from the radiocarbon content of their prey. Preliminary radiocarbon assays of shortfin mako vertebrae suggest that current methods for determining shortfin mako age are incorrect.},
	issn = {0706-652x},
	doi = {10.1139/F02-027},
	author = {Campana, S. E. and Natanson, L. J. and Myklevoll, S.}
}
@article {2114,
	title = {Compositional characterization of prehistoric ceramics: A new approach},
	journal = {Journal of Archaeological Sciences},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 474},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {443-455},
	author = {Kennett, D. J. and Sakai, S. and Neff, H. and Gossett, R. and Larson, D. O.}
}
@article {668,
	title = {A Critical Evaluation of Interlaboratory Data on Total, Elemental, and Isotopic Carbon in the Carbonaceous Particle Reference Material, NIST SRM 1649a},
	journal = {J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Currie, L ABenner, B A JrKessler, J DKlinedinst, D BKlouda, G AMarolf, J VSlater, J FWise, S ACachier, HCary, RChow, J CWatson, JDruffel, E R MMasiello, C AEglinton, T IPearson, AReddy, C MGustafsson, OQuinn, J GHartmann, P CHedges, J IPrentice, K MKirchstetter, T WNovakow, TPuxbaum, HSchmid, Heng2002/01/01 00:00J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol. 2002 Jun 1;107(3):279-98. doi: 10.6028/jres.107.022. Print 2002 May-Jun.},
	month = {May-Jun},
	pages = {279-98},
	abstract = {Because of increased interest in the marine and atmospheric sciences in elemental carbon (EC), or black carbon (BC) or soot carbon (SC), and because of the difficulties in analyzing or even defining this pervasive component of particulate carbon, it has become quite important to have appropriate reference materials for intercomparison and quality control. The NIST "urban dust" Standard Reference Material((R)) SRM 1649a is useful in this respect, in part because it comprises a considerable array of inorganic and organic species, and because it exhibits a large degree of ((14)C) isotopic heterogeneity, with biomass carbon source contributions ranging from about 2 \% (essentially fossil aliphatic fraction) to about 32 \% (polar fraction). A primary purpose of this report is to provide documentation for the new isotopic and chemical particulate carbon data for the most recent (31 Jan. 2001) SRM 1649a Certificate of Analysis. Supporting this is a critical review of underlying international intercomparison data and methodologies, provided by 18 teams of analytical experts from 11 institutions. Key results of the intercomparison are: (1) a new, Certified Value for total carbon (TC) in SRM 1649a; (2) (14)C Reference Values for total carbon and a number of organic species, including for the first time 8 individual PAHs; and (3) elemental carbon (EC) Information Values derived from 13 analytical methods applied to this component. Results for elemental carbon, which comprised a special focus of the intercomparison, were quite diverse, reflecting the confounding of methodological-matrix artifacts, and methods that tended to probe more or less refractory regions of this universal, but ill-defined product of incomplete combustion. Availability of both chemical and (14)C speciation data for SRM 1649a holds great promise for improved analytical insight through comparative analysis (e.g., fossil/biomass partition in EC compared to PAH), and through application of the principle of isotopic mass balance.},
	issn = {1044-677X (Linking)},
	doi = {10.6028/jres.107.022},
	author = {Currie, L. A. and Benner, B. A., Jr. and Kessler, J. D. and Klinedinst, D. B. and Klouda, G. A. and Marolf, J. V. and Slater, J. F. and Wise, S. A. and Cachier, H. and Cary, R. and Chow, J. C. and Watson, J. and Druffel, E. R. and Masiello, C. A. and Eglinton, T. I. and Pearson, A. and Reddy, C. M. and Gustafsson, O. and Quinn, J. G. and Hartmann, P. C. and Hedges, J. I. and Prentice, K. M. and Kirchstetter, T. W. and Novakow, T. and Puxbaum, H. and Schmid, H.}
}
@article {2107,
	title = {Field and laboratory data from an earthquake history study of the Toe Jam Hill fault, Bainbridge Island, Washington},
	journal = {U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report},
	volume = {02-60},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 428},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {37 p.},
	author = {Nelson, A. R. and Johnson, S. Y. and Wells, R. E. and Kelsey, H. M. and Pezzopane, S. K. and Sherrod, B. L. and Bradley, L. A. and Iii, Koehler R. D. and Bucknam, R. C. and Haugerud, R. A. and LaPrade, W. T.}
}
@article {2106,
	title = {Field and Laboratory data from an earthquake history study of the Toe Jam Hill fault, Bainbridge Island, Washington},
	journal = {U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-60},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 259},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {2 plates and 37 pages},
	author = {Nelson, A. R. and Johnson, S. Y. and Wells, R. E. and Pezzopane, S. K. and Kelsey, H. M. and Sherrod, B. L. and Bradley, L. A. and Koehler, R. D., III and Bucknam, R. C. and Haugerud, R. A. and LaPrade, W. T.}
}
@article {620,
	title = {A late glacial-Holocene tephrochronology for glacial lakes in southern Ecuador},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2002},
	note = {555kpTimes Cited:25Cited References Count:23},
	month = {May},
	pages = {343-354},
	abstract = {Despite the presence of numerous active volcanoes in the northern half of Ecuador, few, if any, distal tephras have been previously recognized in the southern one third of the country. In this article, we document the presence of thin (0.1-1.0-cm-thick) distal tephras comprising glass and/or phenocrysts of hornblende and feldspar in sediment cores from five glacial lakes and one bog in Las Cajas National Park (2degrees40{\textquoteright}-3degrees00{\textquoteright}S, 79degrees00{\textquoteright}-79degrees25{\textquoteright}W). The lake cores contain from 5 to 7 tephras, and each has a diagnostic major element geochemistry as determined from electron microprobe analysis of similar to710 glass shards and similar to440 phenocrysts of feldspar and hornblende. The loss of sodium with exposure to the electron microbeam causes a 10 +/- 7 wt.\% (+/-1sigma) reduction in Na content, which we empirically determined and corrected for before correlating tephras among the sediment cores. We use a similarity coefficient to correlate among the sediment cores; pair-wise comparison of all tephras generally yields an unambiguous correlation among the cores. Six tephras can be traced among all or most of the cores, and several tephras are present in only one or two of the cores. Twenty-six accelerator mass spectrometry (14)C dates on macrofossils preserved in the sediment cores provide the basis for establishing a regional tephrochronology. The widespread tephras were deposited similar to9900, 8800,7300,5300,2500, and 2200 cal yr B.P. The oldest tephras were deposited similar to15,500 and 15,100 cal yr B.P., but these are not found in all cores. Two of the tephras appear correlative with volcaniclastic strata on the flanks of Volcan Cotopaxi and one tephra may correlate with strata on the flanks of Volcan Ninahuilca; both volcanoes are in central Ecuador. The absence of tephras in sediment cores correlative with the numerous eruptions of active volcanoes of the past two millennia implies that the earlier eruptions, which did deposit tephras in the lakes, must have been either especially voluminous, or southerly winds must have prevailed at the time of the eruption, or both. (C) 2002 University of Washington.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1006/qres.2002.2324},
	author = {Rodbell, D. T. and Bagnato, S. and Nebolini, J. C. and Seltzer, G. O. and Abbott, M. B.}
}
@article {1352,
	title = {Mercury from hatting industry in Connecticut},
	year = {2002},
	month = {2002},
	address = {USA},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C.}
}
@article {2155,
	title = {A 700 year sedimentary record of intense hurricane landfalls in southern New England},
	journal = {GSA Bulletin},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1343},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {714-727},
	author = {Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Bryant, Sarah Smith and Butler, Jessica and Dowling, Jennifer and Fan, Linda and Hausmann, Neil and Newby, Paige and Shuman, Bryan and Stern, Jennifer and Westover, Karlyn and Webb, Thompson, III}
}
@article {2137,
	title = {Carbonate 14C Background: Does it have Multiple Personalities?},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1501},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {169-176},
	author = {Nadeau, Marie-Josee and Grootes, Pieter M. and Voelker, Antje and Bruhn, Frank and Duhr, Alexander and Oriwall, Angelika}
}
@article {409,
	title = {Identification of a novel alkenone in Black Sea sediments},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1946; PT: J; UT: WOS:000168692100002},
	pages = {633-645},
	abstract = {We report the identification of a novel long-chain ketone in Holocene Black Sea sediments. Based on chemical properties, and chromatographic and mass spectrometric characteristics, this compound has been identified as a diunsaturated C-36 ethyl ketone. Further analyses indicated the position and configuration of the double bonds, and the novel alkenone was determined to be hexatriaconta-(16E,21E)-dien-3-one. While this compound is present in only trace quantities in Unit I sediments, it is the most abundant alkenone in portions of Unit II. Its presence thus apparently pre-dates the invasion of Emiliania huxleyi in the Black Sea. The down-core profiles and isotopic compositions suggest that the precursor for the C-36:2 alkenone may be distinct from that of the C37-39 alkenones, however the biological origin of this novel compound is presently unknown. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00019-5},
	author = {Xu, L. and Reddy, C. M. and Farrington, J. W. and Frysinger, G. S. and Gaines, R. B. and Johnson, C. G. and Nelson, R. K. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {533,
	title = {Late Quaternary water-level variations and vegetation history at Crooked Pond, southeastern Massachusetts},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1379; 493FU Times Cited:43 Cited References Count:41},
	pages = {401-410},
	abstract = {Sediment cores collected along a transect in Crooked Pond, southeastern Massachusetts, provide evidence of water-level changes between 15,000 cal yr B.P. and present. The extent of fine-grained, detrital, organic accumulation in the basin, inferred from sediment and pollen stratigraphies, varied over time and indicates low water levels between 11,200 and 8000 cal yr B.P. and from ca. 5300 to 3200 cal yr B.P. This history is consistent with the paleohydrology records from nearby Makepeace Cedar Swamp and other sites from New England and eastern Canada and with temporal patterns of regional changes in effective soil moisture inferred from pollen data. The similarities among these records indicate that (1) regional conditions were drier than today when white pine (Pinus strobus) grew abundantly in southern New England (11,200 to 9500 cal yr B.P.); (2) higher moisture levels existed between 8000 and 5500 cal yr B.P., possibly caused by increased meridonal circulation as the influence of the Laurentide ice sheet waned; and (3) drier conditions possibly contributed to the regional decline in hemlock (Tsuga) abundances at 5300 cal yr B.P. Although sea-level rise may have been an influence, moist climatic conditions during the late Holocene were the primary reason for a dramatic rise in water-table elevations. (C) 2001 University of Washington.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1006/Qres.2001.2273},
	author = {Shuman, B. and Bravo, J. and Kaye, J. and Lynch, J. A. and Newby, P. and Webb, T.}
}
@article {2136,
	title = {Optical dating, ages, and scatter from tsunami-laid sands from Bradley Lake, Oregon},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1406},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {1915-1926},
	author = {Ollerhead, Jeff and Huntley, David J. and Nelson, Alan R. and Kelsey, Harvey M.}
}
@article {805,
	title = {Optical dating of tsunami-laid sand from an Oregon coastal lake},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2001},
	note = {500nqTimes Cited:24Cited References Count:39},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {1915-1926},
	abstract = {Optical ages for five samples of tsunami-laid sand from an Oregon coastal lake were determined using an infrared optical-dating method on K-feldspar separates and, as a test of accuracy, compared to ages determined by AMS C-14 dating or detrital plant fragments found in the same beds. Two optical ages were about 20\% younger than calibrated C-14 ages of about 3.1 and 4.3 ka. Correction of the optical ages using measured anomalous fading rates brings them into agreement with the C-14 ages. The approach used holds significant promise for improving the accuracy of infrared optical-dating methods.Luminescence data for the other three samples result in optical age limits much greater than the C-14 ages. These data provide a textbook demonstration of the correlation between scatter in the luminescence intensity of individual sample aliquots and their normalization values that is expected when the samples contain sand grains not adequately exposed to daylight just prior to or during deposition and burial. Thus, the data for these three samples suggest that the tsunamis eroded young and old sand deposits before dropping the sand in the lake. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00043-9},
	author = {Ollerhead, J. and Huntley, D. J. and Nelson, A. R. and Kelsey, H. M.}
}
@article {908,
	title = {Paleoproterozoic Huronian basin: product of a Wilson cycle punctuarted by glaciations and a meteorite impact},
	journal = {Sedimentary Geology},
	volume = {141-142},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1606},
	pages = {233-254},
	abstract = {The Huronian Supergroup (\~{}2.4{\textendash}2.2 Ga) comprises up to 12 km of mainly sedimentary supracrustal rocks. The oldest Huronian unit, the Livingstone Creek Formation, is chemically and mineralogically immature. Significant chemical weathering and deposition of U-rich quartz pebble conglomerates followed deposition of the Livingstone Creek Formation and extrusion of the overlying, rift-related lavas of the Thessalon Formation. Much of the succeeding Huronian comprises climatically(?)-controlled tripartite cycles, each of which begins with glaciogenic diamictites, followed by mudstones and cross bedded arenaceous units. Huronian deposition is interpreted as the result of a partial Wilson cycle, involving rifting and development of a southward-facing passive margin. The \~{}2.4 Ga Murray and Creighton granites have been considered by others to be co-eval with an early orogenic episode (Blezardian). Expected unconformities are, however, lacking and these granites, together with co-eval volcanic rocks and abundant soft sediment deformation structures are considered to be due to anorogenic processes during Huronian basin subsidence. The main deformation of the Huronian is probably related to the Penokean orogeny (\~{}1.89{\textendash}1.8 Ga). Geochemical investigations have contributed to paleoclimatic and provenance studies and have helped to define basin-wide metasomatic events. A large impact at \~{}1.85 Ga likely played an important role in formation of the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) and deposition of fallback breccias of the Onaping Formation (basal Whitewater Group in the Sudbury basin). Overlying sedimentary rocks of the Whitewater Group are considered to be a fortuitously-preserved portion of a widespread flysch apron that spread across the southern margin of the Superior Province as a foreland basin fill, in response to the closure phase of the Wilson cycle during the Penokean orogeny. Geochronological data suggest that these events occurred during the Penokean orogeny.},
	keywords = {Geochemistry, Glaciation, Impact, Paleoproterozoic, Wilson cycle},
	doi = {10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00076-8},
	author = {Young, G. M. and Long, D. G. F. and Fedo, C. M. and Nesbitt, H. W.}
}
@article {2182,
	title = {Differences in great earthquake rupture extent inferred from tsunami-laid sand and foraminiferal assemblages at Alsea Bay, central Oregon coast},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 257},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {146},
	author = {Nelson, A. R. and Jennings, A. E.}
}
@article {911,
	title = {Identification of a novel alkenone in Black Sea sediments},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1719},
	pages = {633-645},
	abstract = {We report the identification of a novel long-chain ketone in Holocene Black Sea sediments. Based on chemical properties, and chromatographic and mass spectrometric characteristics, this compound has been identified as a di-unsaturated C36 ethyl ketone. Further analyses indicated the position and configuration of the double bonds, and the novel alkenone was determined to be hexatriaconta-(16E,21E)-dien-3-one. While this compound is present in only trace quantities in Unit I sediments, it is the most abundant alkenone in portions of Unit II. Its presence thus apparently pre-dates the invasion of Emiliania huxleyi in the Black Sea. The down-core profiles and isotopic compositions suggest that the precursor for the C36:2 alkenone may be distinct from that of the C37-39 alkenones, however the biological origin of this novel compound is presently unknown.},
	keywords = {Alkenone, Black Sea, Haptophytes, Holocene, Sediment, Structure characterization},
	doi = {10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00019-5},
	author = {Xu, L. and Reddy, C. M. and Farrington, J. W. and Frysinger, G. S. and Gaines, R. B. and Johnson, C. G. and Nelson, R. K. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@conference {1728,
	title = {OxCal analyses and varve-based sedimentation rates constrain the times of 14C-dated tsunamis in southern Oregon},
	booktitle = {Abstract for Geological Society of America Penbrose Conference on Great Cascadia Earthquake Tricentennial Seaside},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1405},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {87},
	address = {Seaside, Oregon},
	author = {Nelson, A. R. and Kelsey, H. M. and Hemphill-Haley, Eileen and Witter, R. C.}
}
@article {2181,
	title = {Postglacial and Late Holocene earthquakes on the Toe Jam strand of the Seattle fault, Bainbridge Island Washington},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 258},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {A-58},
	author = {Nelson, A. R. and Johnson, S. Y. and Pezzopane, S. K. and Wells, R. E. and Kelsey, H. M. and Sherrod, B. L. and Koehler, R. D. and Bradley, L. A. and Bucknam, R. C. and LaPrade, W. T. and Cox, J. W. and Narwold, C. F.}
}
@article {749,
	title = {Quaternary palaeohydrological evolution of a playa lake: Salada Mediana, central Ebro Basin, Spain},
	journal = {Sedimentology},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2000},
	note = {383xwTimes Cited:31Cited References Count:76},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {1135-1156},
	abstract = {Sedimentary features, mineralogy, bulk geochemical composition, stable isotope analyses and pollen data from sediment cores were used to reconstruct the Late Quaternary depositional evolution of the Salada Mediana playa lake (central Ebro Basin, northeastern Spain). The 150-cm-long sediment core sequence is composed of gypsum- and dolomite-rich muds (Lower and Middle sections) and black, laminated, calcite-bearing sediments (Upper section). The Salada Mediana formed as a karstic depression in the Miocene gypsum substratum during the Late Pleistocene. The Lower section was deposited in a sulphate-carbonate saline lake that ended with a period of desiccation and basin floor deflation. Subsequent deposition (Middle section) took place in a playa-lake system. Two cycles of lower water table and expanded saline mud flats occurred. The Holocene sequence is missing, probably as a result of aeolian erosion. Sedimentation resumed only a few centuries ago, and saline pan environments dominated until modern times. The Salada Mediana facies succession was mainly governed by fluctuations in the hydrological balance, brine composition, and salinity; however, aeolian processes (detrital input and deflation) and recycling of previously precipitated salts also played a significant role.},
	issn = {0037-0746},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1365-3091.2000.00346.x},
	author = {Valero-Garces, B. L. and Delgado-Huertas, A. and Navas, A. and Machin, J. and Gonzalez-Samperiz, P. and Kelts, K.}
}
@article {2163,
	title = {Responces of a saline lake ecosystems in semi-arid regions to irrigation and climate variability. The history of Salada Chiprana, Central Ebro Basin, Spain},
	journal = {Ambio},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 385},
	month = {2000},
	author = {Valero-Garces, B. L. and Navas, A. and Machin, J. and Stevenson, T. and Davis, B.}
}
@mastersthesis {1327,
	title = {Sources, distribution and transformations of PAH in the Gulf of Triests (northern Adriatic), Thesis},
	volume = {Dissertation/Thesis},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {105},
	school = {University of Ljubljana, Slovenia},
	address = {Ljubljana, Slovenia},
	author = {Notar, M.}
}
@article {542,
	title = {Turbidite Megabeds in an Oceanic Rift Valley Recording Jokulhlaups of Late Pleistocene Glacial Lakes of the Western United States},
	journal = {Journal of Geology},
	volume = {108},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 162; J Geol. 2000 May;108(3):253-274.},
	pages = {253-274},
	abstract = {Escanaba Trough is the southernmost segment of the Gorda Ridge and is filled by sandy turbidites locally exceeding 500 m in thickness. New results from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 1037 and 1038 that include accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dates and revised petrographic evaluation of the sediment provenance, combined with high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, provide a lithostratigraphic framework for the turbidite deposits. Three fining-upward units of sandy turbidites from the upper 365 m at ODP Site 1037 can be correlated with sediment recovered at ODP Site 1038 and Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP) Site 35. Six AMS 14C ages in the upper 317 m of the sequence at Site 1037 indicate that average deposition rates exceeded 10 m/k.yr. between 32 and 11 ka, with nearly instantaneous deposition of one approximately 60-m interval of sand. Petrography of the sand beds is consistent with a Columbia River source for the entire sedimentary sequence in Escanaba Trough. High-resolution acoustic stratigraphy shows that the turbidites in the upper 60 m at Site 1037 provide a characteristic sequence of key reflectors that occurs across the floor of the entire Escanaba Trough. Recent mapping of turbidite systems in the northeast Pacific Ocean suggests that the turbidity currents reached the Escanaba Trough along an 1100-km-long pathway from the Columbia River to the west flank of the Gorda Ridge. The age of the upper fining-upward unit of sandy turbidites appears to correspond to the latest Wisconsinan outburst of glacial Lake Missoula. Many of the outbursts, or jokulhlaups, from the glacial lakes probably continued flowing as hyperpycnally generated turbidity currents on entering the sea at the mouth of the Columbia River.},
	issn = {0022-1376 (Print) 0022-1376 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1086/314404},
	author = {Zuffa, G. G. and Normark, W. R. and Serra, F. and Brunner, C. A.}
}
@article {2180,
	title = {Years of Sediment, Vegetation, and Water-Level Changes at the Makepeace Cedar Swamp, Southern Massachusetts},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 231},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {352-368},
	author = {Newby, P. E. and Killoran, P. and Waldorf, M. R. and Shuman, B. N. and Webb, R. S. and Webb, T., III}
}
@article {737,
	title = {Deep-sea sedimentary record of the late Wisconsin cataclysmic floods from the Columbia River},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1999},
	note = {193qfTimes Cited:40Cited References Count:19},
	month = {May},
	pages = {463-466},
	abstract = {New results from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1037 and U.S. Geological Survey high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles confirm the great thickness, fast deposition rate, distant source, and convolute path of turbidites that fill the Escanaba Trough, the rift valley of the southernmost segment of the Gorda Ridge. Accelerator mass spectrometry C-14 measurements provide the first direct dating of the Escanaba Trough turbidites, demonstrating an average deposition rate faster than 10 m/k.y. between 32 and 11 ka and as fast as 15 m/k.y. during the oxygen isotope stage 2 lowstand, In the upper 60 m of sediment, the petrology of turbidite sand beds, which are as much as 12 m thick, show that the dominant source for the turbidites is from the Columbia River, which is more than 800 km to the north, rather than from the much closer rivers of northern California. New high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles show that, except for areas of very recent volcanism, the entire Escanaba Trough below 3200 m water depth is floored by the turbidite sequence that was cored in the upper 60 m at Site 1037B, The ages of the upper 120 m of turbidites correspond with the ages of channeled scabland deposits associated with latest Quaternary jokulhlaups from glacial Lake Missoula, The age and source characteristics suggest that these megaturbidite beds in Escanaba Trough are most likely deposits formed by hyperpycnally generated turbidity currents as the largest of the Lake Missoula floods entered the sea.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0463:Dssrot>2.3.Co;2},
	author = {Brunner, C. A. and Normark, W. R. and Zuffa, G. G. and Serra, F.}
}
@article {2215,
	title = {A high resolution ~15,000 year record of El-Nino driven alluviation in southwestern Ecuador},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {283},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 393},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {516-519},
	author = {Rodbell, D. T. and Seltzer, G. O. and Anderson, D. M. and Abbott, M. B. and Enfield, D. B. and Newman, J. H.}
}
@article {2218,
	title = {Holocene surface faulting in the Seattle fault zone, Bainbridge Island, Washington},
	journal = {Seismological Research Letters},
	volume = {70},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1404},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {233},
	author = {Nelson, A. R. and Pezzopane, S. K. and Bucknam, R. C. and Koehler, R. D. and Narwold, C. F. and Kelsey, H. M. and Sherrod, B. L. and LaPrade, W. T. and Wells, R. E. and Johnson, S. Y.}
}
@conference {1675,
	title = {Late Wisconsian deep-sea sedimentary record from convulsive geologic events, Northeast Pacific},
	booktitle = {IAS 19 Regional Meeting of Sedimentology},
	volume = {Abstracts},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1471},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {230-233},
	address = {Copenhagen},
	author = {Serra, Francesca and Normark, William R. and Zuffa, Gian Gaspare and Brunner, Charlotte A.}
}
@article {2217,
	title = {Use of Hydrogen and Carbon Stable Isotopes in the Characterization of Oils from the Potiguar Basin (onshore), Northeastern Brazil},
	journal = {Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists},
	volume = {83},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1732},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {496-518},
	author = {Neto, Eugenio Vaz dos Santos and Hayes, John M.}
}
@article {2264,
	title = {Isotopic Biogeochemistry of the Neocomian Lacustrine and Upper Aptian Marine-Evaporitic Sediments of the Potiguar Basin, Northeastern Brazil},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {28},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1729},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {361-382},
	author = {Neto, Eugenio Vaz dos Santos and Hayes, John M. and Takaki, Tikae}
}
@conference {1668,
	title = {Late Pleistocene Mammuthus primigenious from coastal mMaine},
	booktitle = {33rd annual meeting, Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 21},
	month = {1998},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America},
	organization = {Geological Society of America},
	address = {Portland, ME},
	author = {Hoyle, B. G. and Fisher, D. C. and Dorion, C. C. and Churchill, L. L. and W, Borns H., Jr. and Nelson, R. E.}
}
@article {983,
	title = {Le torbiditi dell{\textquoteright}Escanaba Trough (Juan de Fuca Plate, Pacifico nordorientale): registrazione sedimentaria di piene fluviali catastrofiche del Fiume Columbia durante le fasi di deglaciazione tardo quaternaria},
	journal = {Giornale di Geologia},
	volume = {60},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1470},
	pages = {18-19},
	author = {Brunner, C. A. and Normark, W. R. and Zuffa, G. G. and Serra, F.}
}
@article {2263,
	title = {Paleoclimatic Assessment of Cretaceous Lacustrine and Marine-Evaporitic Sequences from the Potiguar Basin Based on the Hydrogen Isotopic Compositions of Saturated Hydrocarbons},
	journal = {Revista Latino Americana de Geoquimica Ogranica},
	volume = {4},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1776},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {5-24},
	author = {Neto, Eugenio Vaz dos Santos and Hayes, John M. and Takaki, Tikae}
}
@article {2294,
	title = {Mass transport deposits of Amazon Fans},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results},
	volume = {155},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 1279},
	month = {1997},
	author = {Piper, D. J. and Pirmez, C. and Flood, R. and Long, D. and Manely, P. and Normark, W. and Showers, W.}
}
@article {2305,
	title = {Preliminary results of the first scientific drilling on Lake Baikal, Buguldeika site, southeastern Siberia},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {37},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Vq100Times Cited:44
Cited References Count:29
},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {3-17},
	abstract = {The Baikal Drilling Project (BDP) is a multinational effort to investigate the paleoclimatic history and tectonic evolution of the Baikal sedimentary basin during the Late Neogene. In March 1993 the Baikal drilling system was successfuly deployed from a barge frozen into position over a topographic high, termed the Buguldeika saddle, in the southern basin of Lake Baikal. The BDP-93 scientific team, made up of Russian, American and Japanese scientists, successfully recovered the first long (>100 m) hydraulic piston cores from two holes in 354 m of water. High quality cores of 98 m (Hole 1) and 102 m (Hole 2), representing sedimentation over the last 500,000 years, were collected in 78 mm diameter plastic liners with an average recovery of 72\% and 90\%, respectively. Magnetic susceptibility logging reveals an excellent hole-to-hole correlation. In this report the scientific team describes the preliminary analytical results from BDP-93 hole 1 cores. Radiocarbon dating by accelerator mass spectrometry provides an accurate chronology for the upper portion of Hole 1. Detailed lithologic characteristics, rock magnetic properties and inorganic element distributions show a significant change to the depositional environment occuring at 50 m subbottom depth, approximately 250,000 BP. This change may be due to uplift and rotation of the horst block in the Buguldeika saddle. The sedimentary section above 50 m is pelitic with varve-like laminae, whereas the section below 50 m contains a high proportion of sand and gravel horizons often organized into turbidite sequences. Accordingly, high resolution seismic records reveal a change in sonic velocity at this depth. It is inferred that sedimentation prior to 250 ka BP was from the west via the Buguldeika river system. After 250 ka BP the Buguldeika saddle reflects an increase in hemipelagic sediments admired with fine-grained material from the Selenga River drainage basin, east of Lake Baikal. Variations in the spore-pollen assemblage, diatoms, biogenic silica content, rock magnetic properties, clay mineralogy and organic carbon in the upper 50 m of BDP-93-1 reveal a detailed record of climate change over approximately the last 250,000 years. These variables alternate in a pattern characteristic of glacial/interglacial climatic fluctuations. The present age model suggests that the climate signal recorded in Lake Baikal sediments is similar to Late Quaternary signals recorded in Chinese loess sections and in marine sediments. Copyright (C) 1996 INQUA/Elsevier Science Ltd},
	keywords = {asia, tectonics},
	isbn = {1040-6182},
	author = {Colman, S. and Grachev, M. and Hearn, P. and Horie, S. and Kawai, T. and Kuzmin, M. and Logachov, N. and Fialkov, V. and Gorigljad, A. and Tomilov, B. and Khakhaev, B. and Kochikov, S. and Lykov, V. and Pevzner, L. and Bucharov, A. and Karabanov, E. and Logachev, N. and Mats, V. and Bardardinov, A. and Baranova, E. and Khlystov, O. and Khrachenko, V. and Shimaraeva, M. and Stolbova, E. and Komakova, E. and Efremova, S. and Gvozdkov, A. and Kravchinski, V. and Peck, J. and Fileva, T. and Kashik, S. and Khramtsova, T. and Kalashnikova, I. and Rasskazova, T. and Tatarnikova, V. and Yuretich, R. and Mazilov, V. and Takemura, K. and Bobrov, V. and Gunicheva, T. and Haraguchi, H. and Ito, S. and Kocho, T. and Kuzmin, M. and Markova, M. and Pampura, V. and Proidakova, O. and Ishiwatari, R. and Sawatari, H. and Takeuchi, A. and Toyoda, K. and Vorobieva, S. and Ikeda, A. and Marui, A. and Nakamura, T. and Ogura, K. and Ohta, T. and King, J. and Sakai, H. and Yokoyama, T. and Hayashida, A. and Bezrukova, E. and Fowell, S. and Fuji, N. and Letunova, P. and Misharina, V. and Miyoshi, N. and Chernyaeva, G. and Ignatova, I. and Likhoshvai, E. and Stoermer, E. and Granina, L. and Levina, O. and Dolgikh, P. and Lazo, F. and Lutskaia, N. and Orem, W. and Wada, E. and Williams, D. and Yamada, K. and Yamada, S. and Callander, E. and Golobokoval, L. and Shanks, P. and Dorofeeva, R. and Duchkov, A.}
}
@article {782,
	title = {A 27,000 year record of Red Sea Outflow: Implication for timing of post-glacial monsoon intensification},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {23},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Up857Times Cited:16Cited References Count:27},
	month = {Jun 1},
	pages = {1501-1504},
	abstract = {We reconstruct here the history of the Red Sea Outflow (RSO) over the past 27,000 years from an AMS C-14-dated high-resolution delta(13)C record of benthic foraminifera from the inner Gulf of Aden assuming the dominance of circulation over productivity in regulating benthic delta(13)C. The results reveal that, following a period of suppressed RSO due to shallow sill 24,000-18,000 yr BP, the Red Sea was vigorously flushed for similar to 2,000 years before a major monsoon intensification caused the cessation of deep water formation from 15,500 to 7,300 yr BP. It appears that the monsoon intensification did lag behind insolation until 15,500 yr BP. Between 15,500 and the present, however, there was no lag in conflict with the previous reports, implying a negligible dampening effect of continental albedo during this period. However, since our analysis is confined to a single depth horizon and our record is sensitive to sea level, it has some limitations as an indicator of monsoon intensity.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/96gl01030},
	author = {Naqvi, W. A. and Fairbanks, R. G.}
}
@conference {1586,
	title = {Catastrophic discharge of fluvial sediment to the ocean; evidence of jokulhlaups events in the Alsek Sea Valley, Southeast Alaska (USA)},
	booktitle = {International symposium on Erosion and sediment yield; global and regional perspectives},
	volume = {236},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 28},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {367-379},
	publisher = {IAHS-AISH},
	organization = {IAHS-AISH},
	address = {Exeter, United Kingdom},
	author = {Milliman, J. D. and Snow, J. and Jaeger, J. and Nittrouer, C. A.},
	editor = {Webb, B. W.}
}
@article {853,
	title = {Character, paleoenvironment, rate of accumulation, and evidence for seismic triggering of Holocene turbidites, Canada Abyssal Plain, Arctic Ocean},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {133},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Uy014Times Cited:36Cited References Count:46},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {51-73},
	abstract = {Four box cores and one piston core show that Holocene sedimentation on the southern Canada Abyssal Plain for the last 8010 +/- 120 yr has consisted of a continuing rain of pelagic organic and ice-rafted elastic sediment with a net accumulation rate during the late Holocene of less than or equal to 10 mm/1000 yr, and episodically emplaced turbidites 1-5 m thick deposited at intervals of 830 to 3450 yr (average 2000 yr). The average net accumulation rate of the mixed sequence of turbidites and thin pelagite interbeds in the cores is about 1.2 m/1000 yr.Physiography suggests that the turbidites originated on the Mackenzie Delta or its clinoform, and delta(13)C values of -27 to -25 parts per thousand in the turbidites are compatible with a provenance on a delta. Extant displaced neritic and lower slope to basin plain calcareous benthic foraminifers coexist in the turbidite units. Their joint occurence indicates that the turbidites originated on the modern continental shelf and entrained sediment from the slope and rise enroute to their final resting place on the Canada Abyssal Plain. The presence of Middle Pleistocene diatoms in the turbidites suggests, in addition, that the turbidites may have originated in shallow submarine slides beneath the upper slope or outer shelf. Small but consistent differences in organic carbon content and delta(13)C values between the turbidite units suggest that they did not share an identical provenance, which is at least compatible with an origin in slope failures.The primary provenance of the ice-rafted component of the pelagic beds was the glaciated terrane of northwestern Canada; and the provenance of the turbidite units was Pleistocene and Holocene sedimentary deposits on the outer continental shelf and upper slope of the Mackenzie Delta. Largely local derivation of the sediment of the Canada Abyssal Plain indicates that sediment accumulation rates in the Arctic Ocean are valid only for regions with similar depositional sources and processes, and that these rates cannot be extrapolated regionally. The location of an elliptical zone of active seismicity over the inferred provenance of the turbidites suggests that they were triggered by large earthquakes.Distal turbidite sediment accumulation rates were more than two orders of magnitude greater than pelagic sediment accumulation rates on the Canada Abyssal Plain during the last 8000 years. This disparity reconciles the discrepancy between the high accumulation rates assumed by some for the Arctic Ocean because of the numerous major rivers and large ice sheets that discharge into this small mediterranean basin and the low pelagic sedimentation rates that have been reported from the Arctic Ocean.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(96)00015-1},
	author = {Grantz, A. and Phillips, R. L. and Mullen, M. W. and Starratt, S. W. and Jones, G. A. and Naidu, A. S. and Finney, B. P.}
}
@article {862,
	title = {Climate connections between the hemisphere revealed by deep sea sediment core ice core correlations},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {142},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Uz230Times Cited:201Cited References Count:33},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {19-27},
	abstract = {Correlation of Southern Ocean deep sea sediment core records with ice core records of polar climate delineates with unprecedented detail the relationship between high latitude climate and the ocean{\textquoteright}s thermohaline circulation over the last 80,000 years. Our observations suggest that, while North Atlantic Deep Water variability manifests itself clearly in Southern Ocean nutrient proxy records over periods as short as 500 yr, this deep water variability did not promote a direct link between climate variability in the high latitudes of the two hemispheres on millennial timescales. In particular, the proxy records indicate that, on average, northern hemisphere climate fluctuations lagged those of the southern hemisphere by 1500 yr.},
	issn = {0012-821x},
	doi = {10.1016/0012-821x(96)00083-0},
	author = {Charles, C. D. and LynchStieglitz, J. and Ninnemann, U. S. and Fairbanks, R. G.}
}
@article {840,
	title = {A comparison of methods for the measurement of dissolved organic carbon in natural waters},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {54},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Vj296Times Cited:50Cited References Count:49},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {85-96},
	abstract = {A small suite of natural samples spanning a wide range of DOC concentrations and salinities were analyzed by three high-temperature combustion (HTC) techniques and persulfate oxidation, One of the HTC techniques, sealed-tube combustion (STC), served as a referee method, Using this method, it was possible to obtain absolute DOC concentrations for the natural samples free of any analytical blank offset, Prior to the comparison of samples, an exchange of carbon-free water and calibration standards showed that all methods were equally well calibrated, Linear correlation analysis was used to differentiate whether the differences observed between methods was due to variable oxidation yields or to an artifact of the instrument blank, Agreement among the various methods was quite good, but yields for all methods decreased compared to the STC technique at concentrations of > 400 mu M C. Persulfate results were found to be very similar to HTC results. Finally, carbon-free distilled water prepared by UV/H2O2 oxidation or Milli-Q systems had near-zero DOC concentrations and was adequate for blank correction of all the various techniques yielding DOC concentrations in excellent agreement with the referee method.},
	issn = {0304-4203},
	doi = {10.1016/0304-4203(96)00023-0},
	author = {Peltzer, E. T. and Fry, B. and Doering, P. H. and McKenna, J. H. and Norrman, B. and Zweifel, U. L.}
}
@article {2314,
	title = {East Asian monsoon variations; linkage to northern hemisphere millenniallll-scale climate oscillations},
	journal = {Supplement to EOS},
	volume = {77},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 56},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {19},
	author = {Oppo, D. W. and Deiner, L. and Curry, W. B. and Norris, R. D.}
}
@article {866,
	title = {Sedimentary carbon-isotope systematics on the Amazon shelf},
	journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Ty588Times Cited:12Cited References Count:33},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {17-23},
	abstract = {Sedimentary carbon systematics on the Amazon continental shelf were investigated using C-14 and delta(13)C measurements of sedimentary organic materials. Mass balance calculations indicate that the C-14 content of modern shelf muds results from burial of old (similar to 5000 yr BP) terrestrial soil carbon and bomb-C-14-enriched marine carbon, implying that most of the bomb-labeled riverine particulate carbon is not buried on the shelf. The C-14 signature of Amazon shelf deposits records the effects of both biogeochemical and sedimentary processes active in this dynamic environment.},
	issn = {0276-0460},
	doi = {10.1007/Bf01218832},
	author = {Sommerfield, C. K. and Nittrouer, C. A. and DeMaster, D. J.}
}
@article {2343,
	title = {Measurements of the OX-II/OX-1 ratio as a quality control parameter at NOSAMS},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {37},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 1630},
	month = {1995},
	pages = {693-696},
	author = {Schneider, R. J. and McNichol, A. P. and Nadeau, M. J. and von Reden, K. F.}
}
@conference {1684,
	title = {Measurements of the OX-II/OX-I ratio as a quality control parameter at NOSAMS},
	booktitle = {15th International Radiocarbon Conference},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 944},
	month = {1995},
	address = {Glasgow, Scotland},
	author = {Schneider, R. J. and McNichol, A. P. and Nadeau, M. J. and von Reden, K. F.}
}
@conference {1704,
	title = {Negative ion sources for dating a very small radiocarbon samples},
	booktitle = {15th International Radiocarbon Conference},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 943},
	month = {1995},
	address = {Glasgow, Scotland},
	author = {Nadeau, M. J. and Schneider, R. J. and von Reden, K. R.}
}
@article {855,
	title = {A Sea-Level Rise Curve from Guilford, Connecticut, USA},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {124},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Rl477Times Cited:71Cited References Count:81},
	month = {May},
	pages = {137-159},
	abstract = {High-resolution stratigraphic studies based on sediment chemistry, lithology, macroflora, and benthic foraminiferal assemblages in three peat cores from coastal salt marshes at Guilford, Connecticut, show that coastal marshes are ephemeral environments. Marsh-wide environmental variations were common, and century-long episodes of relative submergence alternated with emergence. Despite about 2 m of relative sea-level rise (RSLR) in Connecticut over the last 1500 years, the marshes have expanded both landwards and seawards, and marsh accretion has been outpaced only marginally by RSLR.We used radiocarbon dating and the level of anthropogenic markers (metal pollution, as dated with Pb-210) in the cores for age control. For most of the last 1000 years the rate of RSLR was between 1.3 and 1.8 mm/yr, but over the last 300-400 years it increased to 2.9-3.3 mm/yr, and has been faster than the accretion rate, especially in the middle marsh. The net-submergence rate or {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}submergence index{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} (ratio of the rate of RSLR and marsh-accretion rate) averaged about 1.15 over the last 1000 years, and increased to about 1.5 over the last 200 years.The rate of RSLR was very sluggish during the early part of the Little Ice Age, but we found a slightly higher rate during the Little Climate Optimum; this excursion is close to the noise level, however. The most significant observation is that RSLR increased strongly around A.D. 1650. The onset of this acceleration falls in the middle to end of the Little Ice Age, and thus preceded the period of modern global warming that started late last century and that has been tentatively correlated with anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(95)00037-Y},
	author = {Nydick, K. R. and Bidwell, A. B. and Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C.}
}
@article {856,
	title = {Stratigraphic Evidence of Changes in Amazon Shelf Sedimentation during the Late Holocene},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {125},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Rt489Times Cited:33Cited References Count:65},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {351-371},
	abstract = {Late Holocene sedimentation on the Amazon shelf was investigated using a combination of seismic, sedimentological, and geochronological methods. Piston cores collected in the subaqueous delta region during A Multidisciplinary Amazon Shelf Sediment Study (AmasSeds) penetrated a regionally traceable (1.25 x 10(4) km(2)) seismic discontinuity, which corresponds to a dense relict-mud reflector overlain by acoustically transparent sediment. Distinct offsets in profiles of wet-bulk density, P-wave velocity, and Pb-210 activity are noted in cores at the reflector horizon (unconformity), signifying a past change in sedimentation conditions on the shelf. Bulk-sediment C-14 dating indicates net depositional conditions for the subaqueous delta from >1800 yr B.P. to 700 yr B.P. and a net erosional phase from about 700 yr B.P. to 100 yr ago. Sedimentological evidence of the erosional phase includes lag deposits and burrows present at the unconformity surface in piston cores. The deposits above and below the unconformity are similar with respect to grain-size parameters and sedimentary structures, suggesting that environmental conditions during the two depositional periods were similar. According to C-14 dates of coastal deposits, the shoreline of Amapa State, Brazil served as a major depocenter of Amazon mud during the erosional phase on the shelf. Pb-210 geochronology indicates that the most recent phase of sediment accumulation in the study area commenced about 100 yr ago, resulting in rapid progradation of topset deposits and burial of relict strata. In the present environment, oceanographic and meteorologic processes cause along-shelf variations in sediment dispersal and depositional patterns, and about 1400 km(2) of the erosional relict deposits are still exposed at the seabed. The short time scales over which Amazon shelf strata respond to changes in the physical environment preclude the influence of relative sea-level cyclicity on recent sedimentation patterns. During the late Holocene, sedimentation and strata formation on the Amazon shelf are linked to fluvial, oceanographic and meteorologic processes that affect sediment supply, deposition and erosion.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(95)00019-U},
	author = {Sommerfield, C. K. and Nittrouer, C. A. and Figueiredo, A. G.}
}
@book {2652,
	title = {AMS Pulse, Supplement 1993},
	year = {1993},
	publisher = {National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	organization = {National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	address = {Woods Hole, MA},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/24698},
	url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1912/24698},
	author = {NOSAMS, /}
}
@book {2648,
	title = {AMS Pulse Vol. 1, No. 4, Spring 1993},
	year = {1993},
	publisher = {National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	organization = {National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	address = {Woods Hole, MA},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/24694},
	url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1912/24694},
	author = {NOSAMS, /}
}
@book {2651,
	title = {AMS Pulse Vol. 2, No. 1, Summer 1993},
	year = {1993},
	publisher = {National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	organization = {National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	address = {Woods Hole, MA},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/24697},
	url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1912/24697},
	author = {NOSAMS, /}
}
@book {2650,
	title = {AMS Pulse Vol. 1, No. 3, Winter 1992},
	year = {1992},
	publisher = {National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	organization = {National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	address = {Woods Hole, MA},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/24696},
	url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1912/24696},
	author = {NOSAMS, /}
}
@book {2649,
	title = {AMS Pulse Vol. 1, Nos. 1 and 2, Fall 1992},
	year = {1992},
	publisher = {National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	organization = {National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	address = {Woods Hole, MA},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/24695},
	url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1912/24695},
	author = {NOSAMS, /}
}
