@article {2771,
	title = {Stable isotope analyses of ancient and modern Ad{\'e}lie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) mummies from the Ross Sea Region, Antarctica},
	journal = {Polar Biology},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-06-2019},
	pages = {1183 - 1192},
	abstract = {We performed stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analyses of 12 ancient Ad{\'e}lie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) chick mummies recovered from abandoned colonies in the Ross Sea region, Antarctica, to investigate isotopic variation and fractionation over time. We also examined latitudinal variation in penguin diet to address if the modern dietary pattern (an increase in krill as dominant prey to the north) in this region has existed in the past or if this is a recent phenomenon. The ancient mummies range in age from > 48,000 14C years before present (BP) to ~ 500 calendar years BP. Feather, skin, bone, and toenail samples were analyzed from each individual where available. Identical analyses were performed on five modern mummified Ad{\'e}lie penguin chick carcasses and breast feathers of ten recently dead chicks from each of two active colonies, Cape Hallett and Ad{\'e}lie Cove. We found significantly lower δ15N values in Cape Hallett modern chicks as compared to those from Ad{\'e}lie Cove, indicating an entire trophic-level difference in modern diet that agrees with other studies in this region. The ancient mummies exhibited consistent isotopic fractionation of δ13C among the four different tissues through time. Variation in δ15N and δ13C values was greater in bone and skin than in feather or toenail, but δ15N in all four tissues indicated similar dietary trends with latitude as occurs in this region today. These results provide insight into the dietary variability of Ad{\'e}lie penguins across the Ross Sea region and a framework for similar analyses with other avian species.},
	issn = {0722-4060},
	doi = {10.1007/s00300-019-02513-4},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00300-019-02513-4},
	author = {Kristan, Allyson K. and Emslie, Steven D. and Patterson, William P.}
}
@article {2770,
	title = {The rise and fall of an ancient Ad{\'e}lie penguin {\textquoteleft}supercolony{\textquoteright} at Cape Adare, Antarctica},
	journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-04-2018},
	pages = {172032},
	abstract = {We report new discoveries and radiocarbon dates on active and abandoned Ad{\'e}lie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) colonies at Cape Adare, Antarctica. This colony, first established at approximately 2000 BP (calendar years before present, i.e. 1950), is currently the largest for this species with approximately 338 000 breeding pairs, most located on low-lying Ridley Beach. We hypothesize that this colony first formed after fast ice began blocking open-water access by breeding penguins to the Scott Coast in the southern Ross Sea during a cooling period also at approximately 2000 BP. Our results suggest that the new colony at Cape Adare continued to grow, expanding to a large upper terrace above Ridley Beach, until it exceeded approximately 500 000 breeding pairs (a {\textquoteleft}supercolony{\textquoteright}) by approximately 1200 BP. The high marine productivity associated with the Ross Sea polynya and continental shelf break supported this growth, but the colony collapsed to its present size for unknown reasons after approximately 1200 BP. Ridley Beach will probably be abandoned in the near future due to rising sea level in this region. We predict that penguins will retreat to higher elevations at Cape Adare and that the Scott Coast will be reoccupied by breeding penguins as fast ice continues to dissipate earlier each summer, restoring open-water access to beaches there.},
	keywords = {population movement, Pygoscelis adeliae, Ross Sea, sea level rise, Stable isotopes},
	issn = {2054-5703},
	doi = {10.1098/rsos.172032},
	url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.172032},
	author = {Emslie, Steven D. and McKenzie, Ashley and Patterson, William P.}
}
@article {2495,
	title = {Low-frequency storminess signal at Bermuda linked to cooling events in the North Atlantic region},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-02-2015},
	pages = {52 - 76},
	abstract = {North Atlantic climate archives provide evidence for increased storm activity during the Little Ice Age (150 to 600 calibrated years (cal years) B.P.) and centered at 1700 and 3000 cal years B.P., typically in centennial-scale sedimentary records. Meteorological (tropical versus extratropical storms) and climate forcings of this signal remain poorly understood, although variability in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) or Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) are frequently hypothesized to be involved. Here we present records of late Holocene storminess and coastal temperature change from a Bermudian submarine cave that is hydrographically circulated with the coastal ocean. Thermal variability in the cave is documented by stable oxygen isotope values of cave benthic foraminifera, which document a close linkage between regional temperature change and NAO phasing during the late Holocene. However, erosion of terrestrial sediment into the submarine cave provides a {\textquotedblleft}storminess signal{\textquotedblright} that correlates with higher-latitude storminess archives and broader North Atlantic cooling events. Understanding the driver of this storminess signal will require higher-resolution storm records to disentangle the contribution of tropical versus extratropical cyclones and a better understanding of cyclone activity during hemispheric cooling periods. Most importantly, however, the signal in Bermuda appears more closely correlated with proxy-based evidence for subtle AMOC reductions than NAO phasing.},
	doi = {10.1002/2014PA002662},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014PA002662https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2F2014PA002662},
	author = {van Hengstum, Peter J. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Kingston, Andrew W. and Williams, Bruce E. and Scott, David B. and Reinhardt, Eduard G. and Little, Shawna N. and Patterson, William P.}
}
