@article {rieb_controls_2024,
	title = {Controls on the Respiration of Ancient Carbon Draining From Permafrost Soils Into Sunlit Arctic Surface Waters},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {129},
	number = {5},
	year = {2024},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2023JG007853},
	month = {05/2024},
	pages = {e2023JG007853},
	abstract = {The thawing of ancient organic carbon stored in arctic permafrost soils, and its oxidation to carbon dioxide (CO2, a greenhouse gas), is predicted to amplify global warming. However, the extent to which organic carbon in thawing permafrost soils will be released as CO2 is uncertain. A critical unknown is the extent to which dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from thawing permafrost soils is respired to CO2 by microbes upon export of freshly thawed DOC to both dark bottom waters and sunlit surface waters. In this study, we quantified the radiocarbon age and 13C composition of CO2 produced by microbial respiration of DOC that was leached from permafrost soils and either kept in the dark or exposed to ultraviolet and visible wavelengths of light. We show that permafrost DOC most labile to microbial respiration was as old or older (ages 4,000{\textendash}11,000 a BP) and more 13C-depleted than the bulk DOC in both dark and light-exposed treatments, likely indicating respiration of old, 13C-depleted lignin and lipid fractions of the permafrost DOC pool. Light exposure either increased, decreased, or had no effect on the magnitude of microbial respiration of old permafrost DOC relative to respiration in the dark, depending on both the extent of DOC oxidation during exposure to light and the wavelength of light. Together, these findings suggest that photochemical changes affecting the lability of permafrost DOC during sunlight exposure are an important control on the magnitude of microbial respiration of permafrost DOC in arctic surface waters.},
	keywords = {Arctic, dissolved organic carbon, permafrost, photochemistry, radiocarbon, respiration},
	issn = {2169-8961},
	doi = {10.1029/2023JG007853},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2023JG007853},
	author = {Rieb, E. C. and Polik, C. A. and Ward, C. P. and Kling, G. W. and Cory, R. M.}
}
@article {gartman_hydrothermal_2024,
	title = {Hydrothermal Plume Fallout, Mass Wasting, and Volcanic Eruptions Contribute to Sediments at Loki{\textquoteright}s Castle Vent Field, Mohns Ridge},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {25},
	number = {2},
	year = {2024},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2023GC011094},
	month = {02/2024},
	pages = {e2023GC011094},
	abstract = {Sediments surrounding hydrothermal vents are important transition spaces between hydrothermal and pelagic environments. These sediments accumulate through diverse processes that include water column plume fallout, volcanic ash deposition, and mass wasting of hydrothermal chimneys and mounds superimposed upon background sedimentation which may originate from pelagic, terrestrial, and volcanic sources. In addition to being a sink for elements discharged from hydrothermal vents, elements may also be scavenged from seawater onto oxidized hydrothermal material. Preservation of these hydrothermal sediments may occur depending on the extent of oxidative and/or reductive dissolution processes after burial. Sediments remaining adjacent to active venting may also be hydrothermally altered after emplacement. To better understand these processes, here we evaluate sediment push cores collected from the Loki{\textquoteright}s Castle vent field at the intersection of the slow-ultraslow spreading Mohns and Knipovich mid-ocean ridges. All samples were collected within \~{}225 m of current high-temperature (299{\textendash}316{\textdegree}C) {\textquotedblleft}black smoker{\textquotedblright} fluid discharge. These sediment cores are highly heterogeneous and lack stratigraphic correlation, even for samples taken within meters of each other. Most sediment cores are dominated by either pelagic sediments or mass wasted hydrothermal material, with hydrothermal plume fallout contributing a low proportion of material, and only a single volcanic ash layer occurring in one of the 13 cores. Dominant hydrothermal minerals found include talc, goethite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and sphalerite. We find that even after several thousand years, most mass wasted hydrothermal material remains minimally altered, with sedimentation rates indistinguishable from background rates within several hundred meters of the hydrothermal vent source.},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2023GC011094},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2023GC011094},
	author = {Gartman, A. and Payan, D. and Au, M. and Reeves, E. P. and Jamieson, J. W. and Gini, C. and Roerdink, D.}
}
@article {broek_improving_2024,
	title = {Improving Ionplus MICADAS performance with recessed graphite},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	year = {2024},
	note = {Place: EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND Publisher: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS Type: Article; Early Access},
	month = {04/2024},
	abstract = {Cathodes with recessed sample surfaces have several benefits in cesium sputter ion sources, including higher output, more efficient use of sample material, and improved focusing of the extracted ion beam. However, the Ionplus MICADAS uses cathodes with a graphite surface that is essentially flush with the sample holder. To evaluate the performance of recessed graphite with the MICADAS and determine the optimal surface depth, we tested four different depths, including the standard (flush) pressing method, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 1.5 mm. We found that recessed depths of 1.0 and 1.5 mm resulted in 20\% higher ion beam current compared to the standard method under the same source conditions. The results are consistent with the beam produced from the recessed targets being more narrowly focused with a lower emittance, resulting in better transmission through the accelerator. Small graphite samples (200 mu g C) with recessed surfaces produced higher currents for longer, leading to a 2-3x increase in sample ionization efficiency. Additionally, there was some evidence that isotopic ratio measurements of recessed samples were more stable over time. Overall, samples recessed to 1 mm depth offered numerous advantages over the standard pressing method and we have subsequently started pressing all MICADAS graphite using this approach.},
	keywords = {AMS, MICADAS, radiocarbon},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2024.36},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/radiocarbon/article/abs/improving-ionplus-micadas-performance-with-recessed-graphite/F8B44939DDC06FBFD1ED93D5DB7C8456},
	author = {Broek, Taylor A. B. and Roberts, Mark L.}
}
@article {fu_methodological_2024,
	title = {A methodological review of compound-specific radiocarbon analysis for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental matrices},
	journal = {Environmental Pollution},
	volume = {350},
	year = {2024},
	month = {06/2024},
	pages = {124050},
	abstract = {Identifying the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in complex environmental matrices is essential for understanding the impact of combustion-related human activities on the environment. Since the turn of the century, advances in analytical capability and accuracy of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) have made it possible to accurately determine the source apportionment of PAHs based on their radiocarbon (14C) mass conservation. This also allows us to trace the environmental transport processes of PAHs from the perspective of molecular 14C. However, natural environmental matrices have very low concentrations of PAHs (ppb to ppm level). To meet the requirements of carbon weight for 14C measurement by AMS, trace PAHs in complex environmental matrices must be enriched thousands of times, and then higher purity individual PAH molecules should be obtained through a series of complex purification procedures. Therefore, the technical difficulty is the main challenge in expanding the application of compound-specific 14C analysis in environmental science. This article reviews the detailed pretreatment procedures for 14C measurement of specific PAHs, including sample enrichment, extraction and purification of aromatic components, preparation of compound-specific PAHs by preparative capillary gas chromatography, graphitization of samples with ultra-small carbon content, and relevant quality control and assurance procedures. This study aims to help environmental geoscientists understand the technical process of 14C analysis of PAHs and inspire new scientific questions related to environmental science. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review of the technical method of compound-specific 14C analysis for PAHs.},
	keywords = {Analytical method, pretreatment, Quality assurance and control},
	issn = {0269-7491},
	doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124050},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749124007644},
	author = {Fu, Yu and Zhang, Rui and Rong, Shaopeng and Wu, Yuling and Wu, Ying and Ya, Miaolei}
}
@article {chu_earthquake-enhanced_2023,
	title = {Earthquake-enhanced dissolved carbon cycles in ultra-deep ocean sediments},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2023},
	month = {09/2023},
	pages = {5427},
	abstract = {Hadal trenches are unique geological and ecological systems located along subduction zones. Earthquake-triggered turbidites act as efficient transport pathways of organic carbon (OC), yet remineralization and transformation of OC in these systems are not comprehensively understood. Here we measure concentrations and stable- and radiocarbon isotope signatures of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC, DIC) in the subsurface sediment interstitial water along the Japan Trench axis collected during the IODP Expedition 386. We find accumulation and aging of DOC and DIC in the subsurface sediments, which we interpret as enhanced production of labile dissolved carbon owing to earthquake-triggered turbidites, which supports intensive microbial methanogenesis in the trench sediments. The residual dissolved carbon accumulates in deep subsurface sediments and may continue to fuel the deep biosphere. Tectonic events can therefore enhance carbon accumulation and stimulate carbon transformation in plate convergent trench systems, which may accelerate carbon export into the subduction zones., Earthquakes enhance dissolved carbon production and fuel the microbial activities in hadal trench subsurface sediments, and ultimately strengthen carbon accumulation and transformation in the subduction zones.},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-41116-w},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41116-w},
	author = {Chu, Mengfan and Bao, Rui and Strasser, Michael and Ikehara, Ken and Everest, Jez and Maeda, Lena and Hochmuth, Katharina and Xu, Li and McNichol, Ann and Bellanova, Piero and Rasbury, Troy and K{\"o}lling, Martin and Riedinger, Natascha and Johnson, Joel and Luo, Min and M{\"a}rz, Christian and Straub, Susanne and Jitsuno, Kana and Brunet, Morgane and Cai, Zhirong and Cattaneo, Antonio and Hsiung, Kanhsi and Ishizawa, Takashi and Itaki, Takuya and Kanamatsu, Toshiya and Keep, Myra and Kioka, Arata and McHugh, Cecilia and Micallef, Aaron and Pandey, Dhananjai and Proust, Jean No{\"e}l and Satoguchi, Yasufumi and Sawyer, Derek and Seibert, Chlo{\'e} and Silver, Maxwell and Virtasalo, Joonas and Wang, Yonghong and Wu, Ting-Wei and Zellers, Sarah}
}
@article {linscott_geology_2023,
	title = {Geology constrains biomineralization expression and functional trait distribution in the Mountainsnails},
	journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
	volume = {50},
	number = {12},
	year = {2023},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jbi.14723},
	month = {12/2023},
	pages = {2122{\textendash}2134},
	abstract = {Aim Geographic variation in metabolic resources necessary for functional trait expression can set limits on species distributions. For species that need to produce and maintain biomineralized traits for survival, spatial variation in mineral macronutrients may constrain species distributions by limiting the expression of biomineralized traits. Here, we examine whether Oreohelix land snails that express heavily biomineralized shell ornaments are restricted to CaCO3 rock regions, if they incorporate greater amounts of CaCO3 rock carbon in their shell than less biomineralized smooth forms, and if ornamentation increases shell strength. Location Western United States. Taxon Oreohelix land snails. Methods We used random forest classification models at multiple spatial resolutions to evaluate the contribution of topographic, vegetation, climate, and geologic variables in predicting the presence of heavily biomineralized shell ornaments across the range of Oreohelix. We then measured and compared shell biometric variables, 14C/12C ratios, and peak force for fracture for ornamented and smooth forms from calcareous and non-calcareous substrates. Results Distance to CaCO3 rock was the most important variable in all models and closer proximity to CaCO3 rock was associated with greater probability of local ornamentation classification. Pairwise comparisons of 14C/12C ratios in closely occurring ornamented vs. smooth population pairs revealed ornamented forms incorporate greater CaCO3 rock carbon than smooth forms. Ornamented types measured in this study were generally heavier and required greater peak force for fracture than smooth forms, except when comparing ornamented forms to smooth forms sampled from CaCO3 rock. Main Conclusions Biomineralization expression, species distribution, and trait function appear to be constrained by mineral supply in a highly diverse group of land snails. This trait-environment relationship provides a basis for future investigations of CaCO3 macronutrient constraints on shell form and species distribution in other terrestrial molluscs and has a direct impact on the management of Oreohelix species.},
	keywords = {calcareous rock, ecophysiological constraint, functional biogeography, land snail, ornamentation, random forest, resource availability},
	issn = {1365-2699},
	doi = {10.1111/jbi.14723},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jbi.14723},
	author = {Linscott, T. Mason and Recla, Nicole K. and Parent, Christine E.}
}
@article {winkler_more_2023,
	title = {More Frequent Hurricane Passage Across the Bahamian Archipelago During the Little Ice Age},
	journal = {Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology},
	volume = {38},
	number = {11},
	year = {2023},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2023PA004623},
	month = {11/2023},
	pages = {e2023PA004623},
	abstract = {The year 2020 Common Era (CE) experienced the highest number of named tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean since 1850 CE, but the short instrumental record makes it challenging to assess if this level of activity is statistically meaningful. Here, we present two near-annually resolved hurricane reconstructions from sediment archived in two blue holes located only 300 m apart on the northern margin of Grand Bahama. These two blue holes provide a replicated signal of hurricanes passing within a 50{\textendash}100 km radius over the last 1,800 years, and the long-term reconstructions document multiple 50-to-150-year intervals when hurricane frequency was significantly higher than it has been over the last 100 years. These two records were first merged into a single stack, and then compiled with five other high-resolution reconstructions from across the Bahamian Archipelago to form a single 1500-year record of Bahamian hurricane frequency. This new Bahamian Compilation documents more hurricanes passing \~{}75{\textdegree}W from 21{\textdegree}N to 26{\textdegree}N during the Little Ice Age (LIA; 1300{\textendash}1850 CE) relative to the prior millennium and the last 170 years. The US Eastern Seaboard also experienced heightened hurricane activity during the LIA, whereas the Gulf of Mexico and Southern Caribbean were inactive. This suggests that despite a globally cooler climate, regional climate conditions during the LIA remained favorable for cyclogenesis and intensification along certain Atlantic hurricane pathways. Perhaps heightened Sahel rainfall during the LIA indicates an increase in African Easterly waves, which in turn possibly seeded more tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Main Development Region.},
	keywords = {Bahamas, Carbonate, common era, hurricanes, Paleoclimate, sedimentology},
	issn = {2572-4525},
	doi = {10.1029/2023PA004623},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2023PA004623},
	author = {Winkler, T. S. and van Hengstum, P. J. and Donnelly, J. P. and Wallace, E. J. and Albury, N. A. and D{\textquoteright}Entremont, N. and Hawkes, A. D. and Maio, C. V. and Roberts, J. and Sullivan, R. M. and Woodruff, J. D.}
}
@article {schwing_organic_2023,
	title = {Organic carbon and planktic foraminifera radiocarbon derived Holocene sediment accumulation rates in the northern slopes of the Gulf of Mexico},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {193},
	year = {2023},
	month = {03/2023},
	pages = {103959},
	abstract = {In the context of climate regulation and anthropogenic waste detoxification (e.g. oil spills), estimates of deep ocean sedimentation and carbon sequestration are of the utmost importance. Radiocarbon (14C) is a common radioisotope that can be used to establish millennial scale sediment accumulation rates. The objectives of this study were to: 1) establish ages for co-occurring total organic carbon (TOC) and planktic foraminifera (carbonate) in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (GoM), 2) use these ages to estimate accumulation rates independently, 3) identify any evidence of redistribution, and 4) examine any offset between TOC and carbonate 14C ages as a tool to potentially identify selective TOC transport. Sediment samples were collected in May 2018 from the RV Point Sur using an Ocean Instruments MC-800 multi corer. Radiocarbon measurements of both planktic foraminifera and TOC subsamples were made at the National Ocean Science Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS). Radiocarbon ages, calibrated using the OxCal 4.4, ranged from recent to 6407 BP. Linear (LAR: 4{\textendash}24~cm/kyr) and mass accumulation rates (MAR: 1.5{\textendash}11.5~g/cm2/kyr) were generally consistent with those reported by other recent studies in the GoM. At two sites, C14 ages decreased from the surface to the second sampling increment which was consistent with sediment redistribution. The TOC-carbonate offsets, which are indicative of lateral advection and organic matter aging, were lower than those found in the majority of other regions, which was consistent with less lateral transport or a more oligotrophic setting. The magnitude in radiocarbon age offsets with depth could potentially be used as a relative aging or transport assessment tool in areas with little resuspension.},
	keywords = {accumulation rates, Foraminifera, Gulf of Mexico, radiocarbon, Radiogeochemistry},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103959},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967063722002722},
	author = {Schwing, Patrick and Chanton, Jeffrey and Bosman, Samantha and Brooks, Gregg and Larson, Rebekka A. and Romero, Isabel and Diercks, Arne}
}
@article {patrut_radiocarbon_2023,
	title = {Radiocarbon dating of the historic grand baobab of Mahajanga, Madagascar},
	journal = {Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Chemia},
	volume = {68},
	number = {1},
	year = {2023},
	month = {2023},
	pages = {119{\textendash}129},
	chapter = {119},
	abstract = {The article reports the AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon investigation of the historic Grand Baobab of Mahajanga. The largest African baobab of Madagascar exhibits a cluster structure, which consists of 6 fused ordinary stems and of 3 small binding stems. Two samples were collected from the largest stem and from a primary branch, out of which several tiny segments were extracted and dated by radiocarbon. The oldest dated sample segment had a radiocarbon date of 214 {\textpm} 17 BP, which corresponds to a calibrated age of 265 {\textpm} 25 calendar years. The dating results indicate that the Grand Baobab of Mahajanga is 275 {\textpm} 25 years old. },
	doi = {10.24193/subbchem.2023.1.09},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Patrut, Roxana T and Rakosy, Laszlo and RATIU, ILEANA ANDREEA and Danthu, Pascal and Leong Pock Tsy, Jean-Michel and von Reden, Karl F}
}
@article {hanke_sequential_2023,
	title = {Sequential thermal analysis of complex organic mixtures: Procedural standards and improved CO2 purification capacity},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {65},
	number = {2},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press},
	month = {03/2023},
	pages = {389{\textendash}409},
	abstract = {Sequential thermal analysis allows for deconvoluting the refractory nature and complexity of carbon mixtures embedded in mineral matrices for subsequent offline stable carbon and radiocarbon (14C) isotope analyses. Originally developed to separate Holocene from more ancient sedimentary organic matter to improve dating of marine sediments, the Ramped Pyrolysis and Oxidation (RPO) apparatus, or informally, the {\textquotedblleft}dirt burner{\textquotedblright} is now used to address pressing questions in the broad field of biogeochemistry. The growing interest in the community now necessitates improved handling and procedures for routine analyses of difficult sample types. Here we report on advances in CO2 purification during sample processing, modifications to the instrumentation at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) facility, and introduce sodium bicarbonate procedural standards with differing natural abundance 14C signatures for blank assessment. Measurements from different environmental samples are used to compare the procedure to the different generations of sequential thermal analyses. With this study, we aim to improve the standardization of the procedures and prepare this instrumentation for innovations in online stable carbon isotopes and direct AMS-interface measurements in the future.},
	keywords = {chemical analysis, dirt burner, full oxidation (FOX) mode, Radiocarbon dating, ramped pyrolysis oxidation},
	issn = {0033-8222, 1945-5755},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2023.13},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/radiocarbon/article/sequential-thermal-analysis-of-complex-organic-mixtures-procedural-standards-and-improved-co2-purification-capacity/E225F01B421614EE176553014E7B38BE},
	author = {Hanke, Ulrich M. and Gagnon, Alan R. and Reddy, Christopher M. and Gaylord, Mary C. Lardie and Cruz, Anne J. and Galy, Valier and Hansman, Roberta L. and Kurz, Mark D.}
}
@article {2956,
	title = {Black carbon and organic carbon dataset over the Third Pole},
	journal = {Earth System Science Data},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-01-2022},
	pages = {683 - 707},
	abstract = {Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings, also known as the Third Pole, play an important role in the global and regional climate and hydrological cycle. Carbonaceous aerosols (CAs), including black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC), can directly or indirectly absorb and scatter solar radiation and change the energy balance on the Earth. CAs, along with the other atmospheric pollutants (e.g., mercury), can be frequently transported over long distances into the inland Tibetan Plateau. During the last decades, a coordinated monitoring network and research program named {\textquotedblleft}Atmospheric Pollution and Cryospheric Changes{\textquotedblright} (APCC) has been gradually set up and continuously operated within the Third Pole regions to investigate the linkage between atmospheric pollutants and cryospheric changes. This paper presents a systematic dataset of BC, OC, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) from aerosols (20 stations), glaciers (17 glaciers, including samples from surface snow and ice, snow pits, and 2 ice cores), snow cover (2 stations continuously observed and 138 locations surveyed once), precipitation (6 stations), and lake sediment cores (7 lakes) collected across the Third Pole, based on the APCC program. These data were created based on online (in situ) and laboratory measurements. High-resolution (daily scale) atmospheric-equivalent BC concentrations were obtained by using an Aethalometer (AE-33) in the Mt. Everest (Qomolangma) region, which can provide new insight into the mechanism of BC transportation over the Himalayas. Spatial distributions of BC, OC, WSOC, and WIOC from aerosols, glaciers, snow cover, and precipitation indicated different features among the different regions of the Third Pole, which were mostly influenced by emission sources, transport pathways, and deposition processes. Historical records of BC from ice cores and lake sediment cores revealed the strength of the impacts of human activity since the Industrial Revolution. BC isotopes from glaciers and aerosols identified the relative contributions of biomass and fossil fuel combustion to BC deposition on the Third Pole. Mass absorption cross sections of BC and WSOC from aerosol, glaciers, snow cover, and precipitation samples were also provided. This updated dataset is released to the scientific communities focusing on atmospheric science, cryospheric science, hydrology, climatology, and environmental science. The related datasets are presented in the form of excel files. BC and OC datasets over the Third Pole are available to download from the National Cryosphere Desert Data Center (https://doi.org/10.12072/ncdc.NIEER.db0114.2021; Kang and Zhang, 2021).},
	doi = {10.5194/essd-14-683-2022},
	url = {https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/14/683/2022/},
	author = {Kang, Shichang and Zhang, Yulan and Chen, Pengfei and Guo, Junming and Zhang, Qianggong and Cong, Zhiyuan and Kaspari, Susan and Tripathee, Lekhendra and Gao, Tanguang and Niu, Hewen and Zhong, Xinyue and Chen, Xintong and Hu, Zhaofu and Li, Xiaofei and Li, Yang and Neupane, Bigyan and Yan, Fangping and Rupakheti, Dipesh and Gul, Chaman and Zhang, Wei and Wu, Guangming and Yang, Ling and Wang, Zhaoqing and Li, Chaoliu}
}
@article {2955,
	title = {Carbon Accumulation, Flux, and Fate in Stordalen Mire, a Permafrost Peatland in Transition},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-01-2022},
	abstract = {Stordalen Mire is a peatland in the discontinuous permafrost zone in arctic Sweden that exhibits a habitat gradient from permafrost palsa, to Sphagnum bog underlain by permafrost, to Eriophorum-dominated fully thawed fen. We used three independent approaches to evaluate the annual, multi-decadal, and millennial apparent carbon accumulation rates (aCAR) across this gradient: seven years of direct semi-continuous measurement of CO2 and CH4 exchange, and 21 core profiles for 210Pb and 14C peat dating. Year-round chamber measurements indicated net carbon balance of -13 {\textpm} 8, -49 {\textpm} 15, and -91 {\textpm} 43 g C m-2 y-1 for the years 2012{\textendash}2018 in palsa, bog, and fen, respectively. Methane emission offset 2\%, 7\%, and 17\% of the CO2 uptake rate across this gradient. Recent aCAR indicates higher C accumulation rates in surface peats in the palsa and bog compared to current CO2 fluxes, but these assessments are more similar in the fen. aCAR increased from low millennial-scale levels (17{\textendash}29 g C m-2 y-1) to moderate aCAR of the past century (72{\textendash}81 g C m-2 y-1) to higher recent aCAR of 90{\textendash}147 g C m-2 y-1. Recent permafrost collapse, greater inundation and vegetation response has made the landscape a stronger CO2 sink, but this CO2 sink is increasingly offset by rising CH4 emissions, dominated by modern carbon as determined by 14C. The higher CH4 emissions result in higher net CO2-equivalent emissions, indicating that radiative forcing of this mire and similar permafrost ecosystems will exert a warming influence on future climate. Stordalen Mire, a permafrost peatland, has become a stronger carbon sink due to shifts in vegetation and inundation accompanying thaw This stronger carbon sink is offset by an increase in methane emission, resulting in higher net CO2-equivalent emissions Analysis of respiration products indicates that methane emission from the fen and bog are dominated by modern carbon Stordalen Mire, a permafrost peatland, has become a stronger carbon sink due to shifts in vegetation and inundation accompanying thaw This stronger carbon sink is offset by an increase in methane emission, resulting in higher net CO2-equivalent emissions Analysis of respiration products indicates that methane emission from the fen and bog are dominated by modern carbon},
	issn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2021GB007113},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021GB007113},
	author = {Holmes, M. E. and Crill, P. M. and Burnett, W. C. and McCalley, C. K. and Wilson, R. M. and Frolking, S. and Chang, K.-Y. and Riley, W. J. and Varner, R. K. and Hodgkins, S. B. and McNichol, A. P. and Saleska, S. R. and Rich, V. I. and Chanton, J. P.}
}
@article {2974,
	title = {Cultural Keystone Places and the Chumash Landscapes of Kumqaq{\textquoteright}, Point Conception, California},
	journal = {American Antiquity},
	volume = {87},
	year = {2022},
	month = {03/2022},
	pages = {487 - 504},
	abstract = {The places in which people live and spend time are steeped in history, memory, and meaning from the intersection of daily life, environmental interactions, cultural practices, and ritual. Geologic features, plants, animals, and ecosystems merge with these cultural histories, forming critical parts of the landscape and areas of {\textquotedblleft}high cultural salience,{\textquotedblright} or {\textquotedblleft}cultural keystone places{\textquotedblright} (CKPs). We identify Kumqaq{\textquoteright} (Point Conception) and the surrounding area in California as a Chumash CKP. Ethnohistoric accounts and contemporary Chumash community members have long demonstrated the importance of Point Conception in Chumash worldview and identity, whereas biologists, ecologists, and conservationists reference the area{\textquoteright}s rich biodiversity and significance as a biogeographical boundary. Recent archaeological survey of the coastline surrounding Kumqaq{\textquoteright} highlights these connections, identifying over 50 archaeological sites{\textemdash}including shell middens, villages, lithic scatters, and rock art{\textemdash}with at least 9,000 years of occupation. Ongoing collaborations among archaeologists, the Nature Conservancy, and Chumash community members help document and understand the long-term linkages between cultural and biological diversity and how integrating these perspectives can help ensure the resilience of this nexus of human and natural history in the Anthropocene future.},
	doi = {10.1017/aaq.2021.154},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-antiquity/article/cultural-keystone-places-and-the-chumash-landscapes-of-kumqaq-point-conception-california/16A429D7AA4ACF06CE3005A1578A054B/share/c7af0ac75459bd572e942e9246aa0d3791fae5e1},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Braje, Todd J. and Graham, Lain and Easterday, Kelly and Hofman, Courtney A. and Holguin, Brian E. and Mychajliw, Alexis M. and Reeder-Myers, Leslie A. and Reynolds, Mark D.}
}
@article {2960,
	title = {The dynamics of warming during the last deglaciation in high-elevation regions of Eastern Equatorial Africa},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {281},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-04-2022},
	pages = {107416},
	abstract = {Tropical mountain environments, such as the Rwenzori Mountains in equatorial Africa, are thought to be particularly sensitive to climate change. Ongoing warming in the Rwenzori is impacting local environments and communities through glacial retreat, fires, and flooding. Paleoclimate reconstructions from elsewhere in Africa suggest considerable warming accompanied glacier retreat during the last glacial termination, from \~{}21 thousand years before present (ka) through the early to mid-Holocene. Quantifying these changes has been difficult but could help to assess future impacts in the Rwenzori. Here, we present a \~{}21 thousand-year (kyr) temperature reconstruction based on the relative abundance of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) from Lake Mahoma (2,990 m above sea level; m asl) in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda. Our record, paired with existing Rwenzori glacial moraine 10Be exposure ages, suggests that deglacial warming and glacial retreat began by \~{}20 ka and accelerated at \~{}18{\textendash}18.5 ka. The timing of the onset of rapid warming matches the timing of the post-glacial rise in radiative forcing from atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) from Antarctic ice cores (Brook et al., 1996; Marcott et al., 2014; Monnin et al., 2004; Schilt et al., 2010). Our temperature reconstruction registers \~{}4.9 {\textdegree}C warming from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the late Holocene. This increase is larger than the average \~{}2-4 {\textdegree}C warming observed in records from lower elevation sites in tropical East Africa, but similar to that observed at other high-elevation sites in this region. The increased warming at higher elevations thus confirms that the temperature lapse rate steepened during the LGM over this region. Our results also indicate \~{}3 {\textdegree}C of warming during the mid-Holocene relative to the late Holocene. This suggests that the freezing-level height rose above Rwenzori summit elevations at that time, likely causing complete deglaciation of the Rwenzori Mountains from \~{}5 to 7 ka. The mid-Holocene is thus a potential analog for the glacial and environmental changes that these mountains are likely to experience in the coming decades. Overall, the timing and magnitude of temperature change observed in our record has important implications for climate model projections of future warming in tropical Africa.},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107416},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379122000476},
	author = {Garelick, Sloane and Russell, James and Richards, Adin and Smith, Jamila and Kelly, Meredith and Anderson, Nathan and Jackson, Margaret S. and Doughty, Alice and Nakileza, Bob and Ivory, Sarah and Dee, Sylvia and Marshall, Charlie}
}
@article {2968,
	title = {Impact of Indian Ocean surface temperature gradient reversals on the Indian Summer Monsoon},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {578},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-01-2022},
	pages = {117327},
	abstract = {Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) precipitation is the main determinant of livelihood in a densely populated world region. The interannual variability of the ISM is influenced by several modes of climate variability, including anomalous seasonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient reversals between the eastern, western, and northeastern Indian Ocean. With global warming, the frequency of zonal and meridional Indian Ocean{\textquoteright}s SST gradient changes is projected to increase but its impact on the ISM is debated. Here we present a 25,000-year proxy record of SST and inferred Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) River runoff that provides a spatially integrated measure of ISM precipitation changes. This record indicates a monotonic deglacial strengthening of the ISM system when the SST gradient between the Bay of Bengal surface water and the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean was reversed. We posit that the reversal in the meridional SST gradient reduced the impact of Heinrich Event 1 and Younger Dryas on the low elevation part of the ISM domain. Furthermore, the proxy record shows that the strongest Holocene ISM strengthening occurred between 7900{\textpm}470 and 5700{\textpm}360 years before present, coinciding with and causally linked to the reversal of the Indian Ocean zonal SST gradient and ensuing changes in the wind fields, a sequence of events that is inferred from and supported by the results of our climate simulation. Our study demonstrates that changes in the Indian Ocean{\textquoteright}s zonal and meridional thermal gradient strongly shaped the timing of Holocene monsoon strengthening and the response of ISM to the last deglacial freshwater forcing.},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117327},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012821X21005835},
	author = {Weldeab, Syee and R{\"u}hlemann, Carsten and Ding, Qinghua and Khon, Vyacheslav and Schneider, Birgit and Gray, William R.}
}
@article {3004,
	title = {Implications of Single-Step Graphitization For Reconstructing Late Holocene Relative Sea-Level Using Radiocarbon-Dated Organic Coastal Sediment},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	year = {2022},
	month = {08/2022},
	pages = {1 - 20},
	abstract = {Late Holocene relative sea-level reconstructions are commonly generated using proxies preserved in salt-marsh and mangrove sediment. These depositional environments provide abundant material for radiocarbon dating in the form of identifiable macrofossils (salt marshes) and bulk organic sediment (mangroves). We explore if single-step graphitization of these samples in preparation for radiocarbon dating can increase the number and temporal resolution of relative sea-level reconstructions without a corresponding increase in cost. Dating of salt-marsh macrofossils from the northeastern United States and bulk mangrove sediment from the Federated States of Micronesia indicates that single-step graphitization generates radiocarbon ages that are indistinguishable from replicates prepared using traditional graphitization, but with a modest increase in error (mean/maximum of 6.25/15 additional 14C yr for salt-marsh macrofossils). Low 12C currents measured on bulk mangrove sediment following single-step graphitization likely render them unreliable despite their apparent accuracy. Simulated chronologies for six salt-marsh cores indicate that having twice as many radiocarbon dates (since single-step graphitization costs \~{}50\% of traditional graphitization) results in narrower confidence intervals for sample age estimated by age-depth models when the additional error from the single-step method is less than \~{}50 14C yr (\~{}30 14C yr if the chronology also utilizes historical age markers). Since these thresholds are greater than our empirical estimates of the additional error, we conclude that adopting single-step graphitization for radiocarbon measurements on plant macrofossils is likely to increase precision of age-depth models by more than 20/10\% (without/with historical age markers). This improvement can be implemented without additional cost.},
	keywords = {age-depth model, mangrove, Massachusetts, Micronesia, Salt marsh},
	isbn = {0033-8222, 1945-5755},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2022.55},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/radiocarbon/article/implications-of-singlestep-graphitization-for-reconstructing-late-holocene-relative-sealevel-using-radiocarbondated-organic-coastal-sediment/41F75E6A0679F0E659C96F438452D64C},
	author = {Sefton, Juliet P. and Kemp, Andrew C. and Elder, Kathryn L. and Hansman, Roberta L. and Roberts, Mark L.}
}
@article {2963,
	title = {Indian monsoon variability during the past \~{}8.5~cal~kyr as recorded in the sediments of the northeastern Arabian Sea},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-04-2022},
	abstract = {We analyzed benthic and planktic foraminifera, total organic carbon and stable isotopes ratios of carbon and oxygen from 100 samples of marine sediment Core ABP, 25/03, off Gujarat in the northeastern Arabian Sea. Factor and cluster analyses of thirty highest-ranked benthic foraminifer species enabled to identify seven biofacies in the study sequence characterizing major changes in deep-sea environments during the past \~{}8.5 cal kyr. The benthic foraminiferal data has been combined with population abundances of upwelling indicator planktic foraminifer Globigerina bulloides and mixed layer species from Core ABP, 25/03 and compared with that from ODP Hole 723A and Core ABP, 25/02, western and eastern Arabian Sea, respectively. A major change in benthic foraminifera occurs during \~{}8.5 to 6 cal kyr BP, when the summer monsoon was stronger whereas during 6 to 2 cal kyr BP, the data suggest a weak summer monsoon. Planktic foraminifer Globigerina bulloides does not show any significant trend in the study core, but deep thermocline species Neogloboquadrina dutertrei and mixed layer species show significant trend with an inverse correlation with the TOC. This core records high TOC from \~{}6.5 to 4 cal kyr BP and during the last 2 cal kyr and low TOC during \~{}8.5 to 6.5 cal kyr BP and 4 to 2 cal kyr BP. It is interesting to note intervals of high mixed layer species coincide with high Neogloboquadrina dutertrei percentages and low TOC values at Core ABP, 25/03 during 8.5 to 6.5 cal kyr BP.The faunal data is supported by carbon and oxygen isotope ratios (δ13C and δ18O) of shells of benthic foraminifer Cibicides spp. to strengthen our understanding of changes in the eastern Arabian Sea since \~{}8.5 cal kyr BP.},
	issn = {10406182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2022.03.016},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S104061822200115X},
	author = {Ravichandran, M. and Gupta, Anil K. and Mohan, K. and Tiwari, Sameer K. and Lakshumanan, C. and Panigrahi, M.K.}
}
@article {2965,
	title = {In-phase millennial-scale glacier changes in the tropics and North Atlantic regions during the HoloceneAbstract},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-12-2022},
	abstract = {Based on new and published cosmic-ray exposure chronologies, we show that glacier extent in the tropical Andes and the north Atlantic regions (TANAR) varied in-phase on millennial timescales during the Holocene, distinct from other regions. Glaciers experienced an early Holocene maximum extent, followed by a strong mid-Holocene retreat and a re-advance in the late Holocene. We further explore the potential forcing of TANAR glacier variations using transient climate simulations. Since the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) evolution is poorly represented in these transient simulations, we develop a semi-empirical model to estimate the {\textquotedblleft}AMOC-corrected{\textquotedblright} temperature and precipitation footprint at regional scales. We show that variations in the AMOC strength during the Holocene are consistent with the observed glacier changes. Our findings highlight the need to better constrain past AMOC behavior, as it may be an important driver of TANAR glacier variations during the Holocene, superimposed on other forcing mechanisms.},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-022-28939-9},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-28939-9},
	author = {Jomelli, V. and Swingedouw, D. and Vuille, M. and Favier, V. and Goehring, B. and Shakun, J. and Braucher, R. and Schimmelpfennig, I. and Menviel, L. and Rabatel, A. and Martin, L. C. P. and Blard, P.-H. and Condom, T. and Lupker, M. and Christl, M. and He, Z. and Verfaillie, D. and Gorin, A. and Auma{\^\i}tre, G. and Bourles, D. L. and Keddadouche, K.}
}
@article {2980,
	title = {Organic carbon burial by river meandering partially offsets bank erosion carbon fluxes in a discontinuous permafrost floodplain},
	journal = {Earth Surface Dynamics},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2022},
	month = {05/2022},
	pages = {421 - 435},
	abstract = {Arctic river systems erode permafrost in their banks and mobilize particulate organic carbon (OC). Meandering rivers can entrain particulate OC from permafrost many meters below the depth of annual thaw, potentially enabling the production of greenhouse gases. However, the amount and fate of permafrost OC that is mobilized by river erosion is uncertain. To constrain OC fluxes due to riverbank erosion and deposition, we collected riverbank and floodplain sediment samples along the Koyukuk River, which meanders through discontinuous permafrost in the Yukon River watershed, Alaska, USA, with an average migration rate of 0.52 m yr-1. We measured sediment total OC (TOC) content, radiocarbon activity, water content, bulk density, grain size, and floodplain stratigraphy. Radiocarbon activity and TOC content were higher in samples dominated by silt as compared to sand, which we used to map OC content onto floodplain stratigraphy and estimate carbon fluxes due to river meandering. Results showed that the Koyukuk River erodes and re-deposits a substantial flux of OC each year due to its depth and high migration rate, generating a combined OC flux of a similar magnitude to the floodplain net ecological productivity. However, sediment being eroded from cutbanks and deposited as point bars had similar OC stocks (mean {\textpm} 1 SD of 125.3{\textpm}13.1 kg OC m-2 in cutbanks versus 114.0{\textpm}15.7 kg OC m-2 in point bars) whether or not the banks contained permafrost. We also observed radiocarbon-depleted biospheric OC in both cutbanks and permafrost-free point bars. These results indicate that a substantial fraction of aged biospheric OC that is liberated from floodplains by bank erosion is subsequently re-deposited in point bars rather than being oxidized. The process of aging, erosion, and re-deposition of floodplain organic material may be intrinsic to river{\textendash}floodplain dynamics, regardless of permafrost content.},
	doi = {10.5194/esurf-10-421-2022},
	url = {https://esurf.copernicus.org/articles/10/421/2022/},
	author = {Douglas, Madison M. and Li, Gen K. and Fischer, Woodward W. and Rowland, Joel C. and Kemeny, Preston C. and West, A. Joshua and Schwenk, Jon and Piliouras, Anastasia P. and Chadwick, Austin J. and Lamb, Michael P.}
}
@article {patrut_radiocarbon_2022,
	title = {Radiocarbon dating of the historic Emperor{\textquoteright}s Beech from Muncel, Baia de Aries, Romania},
	journal = {Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Chemia},
	volume = {67},
	number = {4},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Publisher: Babes-Bolyai University},
	month = {2022},
	pages = {187{\textendash}196},
	abstract = {The article reports the AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon dating results of the historic Emperor{\textquoteright}s Beech (Fagul {\^I}mp{\u a}ratului) from Muncel, Baia de Arie{\c s}, Romania. Two wood samples were collected from the large tree, out of which four segments were extracted and analysed by AMS radiocarbon. The oldest dated sample segment had a radiocarbon date of 233 {\textpm} 18 BP, which corresponds to a calibrated age of 365 {\textpm} 5 years. This value suggests an age of 420 {\textpm} 20 years for the Emperor{\textquoteright}s Beech. Thus, the historic beech started growing around the year 1600.},
	issn = {1224-7154},
	doi = {10.24193/subbchem.2022.4.12},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Bocos-Bintintan, Victor and Patrut, Roxana T. and Partila, Doriana and Ratiu, Ileana-Andreea and Rakosy, Laszlo and von Reden, Karl F.}
}
@article {2948,
	title = {RADIOCARBON IN DISSOLVED CARBON BY UV OXIDATION: AN UPDATE OF PROCEDURES AND BLANK CHARACTERIZATION AT NOSAMSABSTRACT},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-02-2022},
	pages = {195 - 199},
	abstract = {This note describes improvements of UV oxidation method that is used to measure carbon isotopes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS). The procedural blank is reduced to 2.6 +/- 0.6 mu g C, with Fm of 0.42 +/- 0.10 and delta C-13 of -28.43 +/- 1.19 parts per thousand. The throughput is improved from one sample per day to two samples per day.},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2022.4},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822222000042/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033822222000042},
	author = {Xu, Li and Roberts, Mark L and Elder, Kathryn L and Hansman, Roberta L and Gagnon, Alan R and Kurz, Mark D}
}
@article {patrut_radiocarbon_2022,
	title = {Radiocarbon Investigation of the Historic African Baobabs of Omusati, Namibia},
	journal = {Forests},
	volume = {13},
	number = {11},
	year = {2022},
	month = {11/2022},
	pages = {1899},
	abstract = {The Omusati region belongs to historic Ovamboland, an area of northern Namibia populated by tribes of the Ovambo group. Four very large African baobabs of Omusati played an important role in historic events of the area, such as the tribal wars and the Namibian War of Independence. The four historic baobabs are the Ombalantu baobab (8 stems; circumference 24.50 m), Okahao baobab (4+ stems; around 25 m), Amadhila baobab (12 stems; 25.35 m) and Sir Howard baobab (9 stems; 31.60 m). Two historic baobabs collapsed totally or partially. The stems of the Amadhila baobab toppled and died in 2021, while 3 stems of the Okahao baobab collapsed a long time ago, but are still alive. Our research aimed to determine the architecture and age of these baobabs. Three baobabs (Ombalantu, Amadhila, Sir Howard) exhibit a closed ring-shaped structure, with a false cavity inside. One baobab (Okahao) had an open ring-shaped structure, before its collapse. Several wood cores were extracted from the baobabs and investigated by radiocarbon dating. The dating results indicate ages of 770 {\textpm} 50 years for the Ombalantu baobab, 650 {\textpm} 50 years for the Okahao baobab, 1100 {\textpm} 50 years for the Amadhila baobab and 750 {\textpm} 50 years for the Sir Howard baobab.},
	issn = {1999-4907},
	doi = {10.3390/f13111899},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/11/1899},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Patrut, Roxana T. and Rakosy, Laszlo and Rakosy, Demetra and Oliver, Willie and Ratiu, Ileana A. and Lowy, Daniel A. and Shiimbi, Gebhardt and Woodborne, Stephan and von Reden, Karl F.}
}
@article {patrut_radiocarbon_2022,
	title = {Radiocarbon investigation of two large African baobabs from Kizimkazi, Zanzibar, Tanzania},
	journal = {Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Chemia},
	volume = {67},
	number = {2},
	year = {2022},
	month = {10/2022},
	pages = {143{\textendash}153},
	abstract = {The article reports the AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon dating results of Kizimkazi Big tree and Kizimkazi II baobab, two large African baobabs from Zanzibar, Tanzania. Unfortunately, both baobabs toppled and died in 2018 and 2020, during violent storms. The investigation of the two baobabs evinced that the first of them, which was also the biggest tree of Tanzania, consisted of 5 stems, out of which 2 were false ones, and had a closed ring-shaped structure. The second baobab was composed of 4 fused stems and had a cluster structure. Several wood samples were collected from the two baobabs. Seven segments were extracted from the samples and dated by radiocarbon. The oldest segment from Kizimkazi Big tree had a radiocarbon date of 312 {\textpm} 18 BP, corresponding to a calibrated age of 380 {\textpm} 10 calendar years. According to dating results, the Kizimkazi Big tree died at the age of 400 {\textpm} 25 years. The oldest segment from Kizimkazi II baobab had a radiocarbon date of 137 {\textpm} 17 BP, corresponding to a calibrated age of 190 {\textpm} 10 calendar years. This value indicates that the Kizimkazi II baobab was 250 {\textpm} 25 years old when it died. },
	issn = {1224-7154},
	doi = {10.24193/subbchem.2022.2.09},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Patrut, Roxana T. and Rakosy, Laszlo and Ratiu, Ileana-Andreea and Bodis, Jen{\H o} and Nassor, Nassor Mahmoud and von Reden, Karl F.}
}
@article {2971,
	title = {RADIOCARBON INVESTIGATION OF TWO OLD ELMS FROM ROMANIA},
	journal = {STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABES-BOLYAI CHEMIA},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2022},
	month = {2022},
	pages = {245 - 256},
	abstract = {The paper reports the AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon investigation results of two superlative elms from Romana, the very large field elm of Calafat, with a wood volume of 85 m(3), and the wych elm of Sadova. Two wood samples were extracted from each elm and were analysed by AMS radiocarbon. The oldest dated sample from the elm of Calafat had a radiocarbon date of 350 +/- 19 BP, which corresponds to a calibrated age of 415 +/- 25 years, while the oldest sample from the elm of Sadova had a radiocarbon date of 188 +/- 24 BP, corresponding to a calibrated age of 260 +/- 25 years. These values indicate high ages for the two elms, namely 430 +/- 25 years or the elm of Calafat and 400 +/- 25 years for the elm of Sadova.},
	keywords = {Age, Age determination, AMS radiocarbon dating, BAOBABS, carbon, dendrochronology, PEDUNCULATE OAK, PERFORMANCE, Romania, Trees, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus minor},
	isbn = {1224-7154},
	doi = {10.24193/subbchem.2022.1.16},
	url = {http://chem.ubbcluj.ro/~studiachemia/issues/chemia2022_1/16Patrut_etal_245_256.pdf},
	author = {Patrut, A and Patrut, RT and Bocos-Bintintan, V and Ratiu, IA and Rakosy, L and Zdrob, G and Vanca, E and von Reden, KF}
}
@article {longworth_radiocarbon_2022,
	title = {Radiocarbon measurement of CO2 from carbonate minerals using a hybrid gas ion source with an open split interface},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {531},
	year = {2022},
	month = {11/2022},
	pages = {49{\textendash}55},
	abstract = {We have developed a method for measuring radiocarbon in carbonate minerals as CO2 gas via a NEC MCSNICS hybrid sputter gas ion source (HGIS). The method uses helium as a carrier gas to displace CO2 from sample vials to an open split, where a glass capillary samples the mixture for delivery directly to the HGIS. This method skips the gas transfer and quantification steps used in a closed inlet HGIS system, simplifying sample measurement. Samples larger than 8 mg carbonate can be measured. Results from measurements of consensus standards (TIRI I, IAEA C2, and an internal modern shell standard), and samples from a marine core (F14C = 0.4{\textendash}1.15) show that the method agrees well with traditional AMS measurement of the same samples as graphite, and that the 1σ uncertainty is about 1\%. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of continuous flow sample introduction, and the effect of reduced precision on calibrated age-depth models produced using gas-source data.},
	keywords = {Carbonate, Hybrid gas ion source, radiocarbon},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2022.08.013},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168583X2200218X},
	author = {Longworth, Brett E. and Burton, Joshua R. and Pendleton, Simon L. and Moser, Sydney D. and Roberts, Mark L. and Kurz, Mark D.}
}
@article {2946,
	title = {Rapid Degradation of Cellulose Diacetate by Marine MicrobesRapid Degradation of Cellulose Diacetate by Marine Microbes},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology Letters},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Nov-01-2022},
	pages = {37 - 41},
	abstract = {The persistence of cellulose diacetate (CDA), a biobased plastic used in textiles and single-use consumer products, in the ocean is currently unknown. Here, we probe the disintegration and degradation of CDA-based materials (25 mu m films, 510 mu m foam, and 97 g/m2 fabric) by marine microbes in a continuous flow seawater mesocosm. Photographic evidence and mass loss measurements demonstrate that CDA-based materials disintegrate in months. Disintegration is marked by the increasing esterase and cellulase activity of the biofilm community, suggesting that marine microbes degrade CDA. The natural abundance stable (13C) and radiocarbon (14C) isotopic signature of carbon dioxide respired during short-term bottle incubations confirms the rapid degradation of both acetyl and cellulosic components of CDA by seawater microbial communities. These findings challenge the paradigm set by governmental agencies and advocacy groups that CDA-based materials persist in the ocean for decades, and represent a positive step toward identifying highutility, biobased plastics with low environmental persistence.},
	keywords = {ACETATE, BIODEGRADATION},
	issn = {2328-8930},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.estlett.1c0084310.1021/acs.estlett.1c00843.s001},
	url = {https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000730351300001?AlertId=ab9062f8-b111-4f95-a2b8-66e7afac0471\&SID=7DMV3hUCqV1Mt8lQGWY},
	author = {Mazzotta, Michael G. and Reddy, Christopher M. and Ward, Collin P.}
}
@article {2982,
	title = {Relative sea-level data preclude major late Holocene ice-mass change in Pine Island Bay},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2022},
	month = {06/2022},
	pages = {568-573},
	abstract = {The rapidly retreating Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers together dominate present-day ice loss from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and are implicated in runaway deglaciation scenarios. Knowledge of whether these glaciers were substantially smaller in the mid-Holocene and subsequently recovered to their present extents is important for assessing whether current ice recession is irreversible. Here we reconstruct relative sea-level change from radiocarbon-dated raised beaches at sites immediately seawards of these glaciers, allowing us to examine the response of the earth to loading and unloading of ice in the Amundsen Sea region. We find that relative sea level fell steadily over the past 5.5 kyr without rate changes that would characterize large-scale ice re-expansion. Moreover, current bedrock uplift rates are an order of magnitude greater than the rate of long-term relative sea-level fall, suggesting a change in regional crustal unloading and implying that the present deglaciation may be unprecedented in the past 5.5 kyr. While we cannot preclude minor grounding-line fluctuations, our data are explained most easily by early Holocene deglaciation followed by relatively stable ice positions until recent times and imply that Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers have not been substantially smaller than present during the past 5.5 kyr.},
	doi = {10.1038/s41561-022-00961-y},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-022-00961-y},
	author = {Braddock, Scott and Hall, Brenda L. and Johnson, Joanne S. and Balco, Greg and Spoth, Meghan and Whitehouse, Pippa L. and Campbell, Seth and Goehring, Brent M. and Rood, Dylan H. and Woodward, John}
}
@article {johnson_review_2022,
	title = {Review article: Existing and potential evidence for Holocene grounding line retreat and readvance in Antarctica},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {16},
	number = {5},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Publisher: Copernicus GmbH},
	month = {05/2022},
	pages = {1543{\textendash}1562},
	abstract = {Widespread existing geological records from above the modern ice sheet surface and outboard of the current ice margin show that the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) was much more extensive at the Last Glacial Maximum (\~{}20 ka) than at present. However, whether it was ever smaller than present during the last few millennia, and (if so) by how much, is known only for a few locations because direct evidence lies within or beneath the ice sheet, which is challenging to access. Here, we describe how retreat and readvance (henceforth {\textquotedblleft}readvance{\textquotedblright}) of AIS grounding lines during the Holocene could be detected and quantified using subglacial bedrock, subglacial sediments, marine sediment cores, relative sea-level (RSL) records, geodetic observations, radar data, and ice cores. Of these, only subglacial bedrock and subglacial sediments can provide direct evidence for readvance. Marine archives are of limited utility because readvance commonly covers evidence of earlier retreat. Nevertheless, stratigraphic transitions documenting change in environment may provide support for direct evidence from subglacial records, as can the presence of transgressions in RSL records, and isostatic subsidence. With independent age control, ice structure revealed by radar can be used to infer past changes in ice flow and geometry, and therefore potential readvance. Since ice cores capture changes in surface mass balance, elevation, and atmospheric and oceanic circulation that are known to drive grounding line migration, they also have potential for identifying readvance. A multidisciplinary approach is likely to provide the strongest evidence for or against a smaller-than-present AIS in the Holocene.},
	issn = {1994-0416},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-16-1543-2022},
	url = {https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/1543/2022/},
	author = {Johnson, Joanne S. and Venturelli, Ryan A. and Balco, Greg and Allen, Claire S. and Braddock, Scott and Campbell, Seth and Goehring, Brent M. and Hall, Brenda L. and Neff, Peter D. and Nichols, Keir A. and Rood, Dylan H. and Thomas, Elizabeth R. and Woodward, John}
}
@article {3005,
	title = {Sediment Accumulation and Carbon Burial in Four Hadal Trench Systems},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {n/a},
	year = {2022},
	note = {<p>e2022JG006814 2022JG006814</p>},
	month = {09/2022},
	pages = {e2022JG006814},
	abstract = {Hadal trenches are considered to act as depocenters for organic material, although pathways for the material transport and deposition rates are poorly constrained. Here we assess focusing, deposition and accumulation of material and organic carbon in four hadal trench systems underlying different surface ocean productivities; the eutrophic Atacama and Kuril-Kamchatka trenches, the mesotrophic Kermadec trench and the oligotrophic Mariana Trench. The study is based on the distributions of naturally occurring 210Pbex, 137Cs and total organic carbon from recovered sediment cores and by applying previously quantified benthic mineralization rates. Periods of steady deposition and discreet mass-wasting deposits were identified from the profiles and the latter were associated with historic recorded seismic events in the respective regions. During periods without mass wasting, the estimated focusing factors along trench axes were elevated, suggesting more or less continuous downslope focusing of material towards the interior of the trenches. The estimated organic carbon deposition rates during these periods exhibited extensive site-specific variability, but were generally similar to values encountered at much shallower settings such as continental slopes and margins. Organic carbon deposition rates during periods of steady deposition were not mirrored by surface ocean productivity, but appeared confounded by local bathymetry. The inclusion of deposition mediated by mass-wasting events enhanced the sediment and organic carbon accumulations for the past \~{}150 years by up to a factor of \~{}4. Thus, due to intensified downslope material focusing and infrequent mass-wasting events, hadal trenches are important sites for deposition and sequestration of organic carbon in the deep sea.},
	keywords = {focusing factor, Hadal trench, mass accumulation rate, mass-wasting event, organic carbon deposition rate, radionuclides},
	isbn = {2169-8961},
	doi = {10.1029/2022JG006814},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022JG006814},
	author = {Oguri, Kazumasa and Masqu{\'e}, Pere and Zabel, Matthias and Stewart, Heather A. and MacKinnon, Gillian and Rowden, Ashley A. and Berg, Peter and Wenzh{\"o}fer, Frank and Glud, Ronnie N.}
}
@article {2977,
	title = {Subsurface Microbial Community Composition in Anchialine Environments Is Influenced by Original Organic Carbon Source at Time of Deposition},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2022},
	month = {04/2022},
	pages = {1-13},
	abstract = {Prokaryotes constitute the majority of sedimentary biomass, where they cycle organic carbon and regulate organic matter transformation. The microbes inhabiting sediment are diverse and the factors controlling microbial community composition are not fully understood. Here, we characterized the prokaryotic community using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 24 stratigraphic layers within a 89 cm (dated to 1900 years old) sediment core from an anchialine sinkhole in the Bahamas with a stratified water column and anoxic bottom water. The microbial community was dominated by members of the Alphaproteobacteria, Dehalococcoidia, Gammaproteobacteria, Bathyarchaeota, and Campylobacter classes. Most interestingly, subsurface microbial community structure could be correlated to previous evidence for timewise changes in the main source of organic matter that was supplied to the sediment accumulating during the last 2000 years, which itself was caused by regional terrestrial vegetation changes. The C:N ratio was correlated to the relative abundance of the microbial classes, and the microbial communities followed three previously determined time periods based on the source of organic matter, which suggests that the carbon source at time of deposition influences the resultant subsurface microbial community composition. These results show that carbon source is a driver of the microbial community composition inhabiting anoxic sediment, which could have implications for improving understanding of carbon cycling in coastal sedimentary basins.},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2022.872789},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.872789/full},
	author = {Risley, Catherine A. and Tamalavage, Anne E. and van Hengstum, Peter J. and Labonte, Jessica M.}
}
@article {walsh_synergy_2022,
	title = {Synergy between Sunlight, Titanium Dioxide, and Microbes Enhances Cellulose Diacetate Degradation in the Ocean},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {56},
	number = {19},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Publisher: American Chemical Society},
	month = {09/2022},
	pages = {13810{\textendash}13819},
	abstract = {Sunlight chemically transforms marine plastics into a suite of products, with formulation-the specific mixture of polymers and additives-driving rates and products. However, the effect of light-driven transformations on subsequent microbial lability is poorly understood. Here, we examined the interplay between photochemical and biological degradation of fabrics made from cellulose diacetate (CDA), a biobased polymer used commonly in consumer products. We also examined the influence of \~{}1\% titanium dioxide (TiO2), a common pigment and photocatalyst. We sequentially exposed CDA to simulated sunlight and native marine microbes to understand how photodegradation influences metabolic rates and pathways. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that sunlight initiated chain scission reactions, reducing CDA{\textquoteright}s average molecular weight. Natural abundance carbon isotope measurements demonstrated that chain scission ultimately yields CO2, a newly identified abiotic loss term of CDA in the environment. Measurements of fabric mass loss and enzymatic activities in seawater implied that photodegradation enhanced biodegradation by performing steps typically facilitated by cellulase. TiO2 accelerated CDA photodegradation, expediting biodegradation. Collectively, these findings (i) underline the importance of formulation in plastic{\textquoteright}s environmental fate and (ii) suggest that overlooking synergy between photochemical and biological degradation may lead to overestimates of marine plastic persistence.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.2c04348},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c04348},
	author = {Walsh, Anna N. and Mazzotta, Michael G. and Nelson, Taylor F. and Reddy, Christopher M. and Ward, Collin P.}
}
@article {2941,
	title = {AGE, GROWTH AND ARCHITECTURE OF THE HISTORIC BIG TREE AT VICTORIA FALLS, ZIMBABWE ASSESSED BY RADIOCARBON DATING},
	journal = {Dendrochronologia},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-10-2021},
	pages = {125898},
	abstract = {The article discloses the AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon dating results of the historic Big Tree at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe. The research aimed to determine the age, growth and architecture of this renowned African baobab. The superlative baobab is composed of five main stems, three young stems and one false stem. It exhibits an open ring-shaped structure, an architecture that allows baobabs to reach large sizes and old ages. Several wood samples extracted from four stems were dated by radiocarbon. The oldest sample had a radiocarbon date of 978 {\textpm} 14 BP, corresponding to a calibrated age of 955 {\textpm} 20 calendar years. By this value, the Big Tree at Victoria Falls is 1150 {\textpm} 50 years old. We found that the eight common stems belong to three generations, which are 1000-1100, 600-700 and 200-250 years old, respectively. The false stem is 550 years old. The stems belonging to the oldest generation stopped growing over 100 years ago.},
	keywords = {Adansonia digitata, Age determination, AMS radiocarbon dating, growth stop, multiple stems, tropical trees},
	issn = {11257865},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dendro.2021.125898},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1125786521000941},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Patrut, Roxana T. and Rakosy, Laszlo and RATIU, ILEANA ANDREEA and Lowy, Daniel A. and von Reden, Karl F.}
}
@article {bennett_evidence_2021,
	title = {Evidence of humans in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {373},
	number = {6562},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science},
	month = {09/2021},
	pages = {1528{\textendash}1531},
	abstract = {Archaeologists and researchers in allied fields have long sought to understand human colonization of North America. Questions remain about when and how people migrated, where they originated, and how their arrival affected the established fauna and landscape. Here, we present evidence from excavated surfaces in White Sands National Park (New Mexico, United States), where multiple in situ human footprints are stratigraphically constrained and bracketed by seed layers that yield calibrated radiocarbon ages between \textasciitilde23 and 21 thousand years ago. These findings confirm the presence of humans in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum, adding evidence to the antiquity of human colonization of the Americas and providing a temporal range extension for the coexistence of early inhabitants and Pleistocene megafauna.},
	doi = {10.1126/science.abg7586},
	url = {https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.abg7586},
	author = {Bennett, Matthew R. and Bustos, David and Pigati, Jeffrey S. and Springer, Kathleen B. and Urban, Thomas M. and Holliday, Vance T. and Reynolds, Sally C. and Budka, Marcin and Honke, Jeffrey S. and Hudson, Adam M. and Fenerty, Brendan and Connelly, Clare and Martinez, Patrick J. and Santucci, Vincent L. and Odess, Daniel}
}
@article {2944,
	title = {A FRAMEWORK FOR TRANSDISCIPLINARY RADIOCARBON RESEARCH: USE OF NATURAL-LEVEL AND ELEVATED-LEVEL -14- C IN ANTARCTIC FIELD RESEARCHABSTRACT},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-10-2021},
	pages = {1555 - 1568},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon (C-14) is an isotopic tracer used to address a wide range of scientific research questions. However, contamination by elevated levels of C-14 is deleterious to natural-level laboratory workspaces and accelerator mass spectrometer facilities designed to precisely measure small amounts of C-14. The risk of contaminating materials and facilities intended for natural-level C-14 with elevated-level C-14-labeled materials has dictated near complete separation of research groups practicing profoundly different measurements. Such separation can hinder transdisciplinary research initiatives, especially in remote and isolated field locations where both natural-level and elevated-level radiocarbon applications may be useful. This paper outlines the successful collaboration between researchers making natural-level C-14 measurements and researchers using C-14-labeled materials during a subglacial drilling project in West Antarctica (SALSA 2018-2019). Our strict operating protocol allowed us to successfully carry out C-14 labeling experiments within close quarters at our remote field camp without contaminating samples of sediment and water intended for natural level C-14 measurements. Here we present our collaborative protocol for maintaining natural level C-14 cleanliness as a framework for future transdisciplinary radiocarbon collaborations.},
	keywords = {AMS, contamination, LEUCINE, radiocarbon},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2021.55},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822221000552/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033822221000552},
	author = {Venturelli, Ryan A and Vick-Majors, Trista J and Collins, Billy and Gagnon, Alan and Kasic, Kathy and Kurz, Mark D and Li, Wei and Priscu, John and Roberts, Mark and Rosenheim, Brad E}
}
@article {2937,
	title = {Lacustrine leaf wax hydrogen isotopes indicate strong regional climate feedbacks in Beringia since the last ice age},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {269},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-10-2021},
	pages = {107130},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107130},
	url = {https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000694971400005?AlertId=4d48b20a-7d27-4fa2-a6a8-37f0daa89864\&SID=7FJ1KjxGlxJRYob6iqu},
	author = {Daniels, W.C. and Russell, J.M. and Morrill, C. and Longo, W.M. and Giblin, A.E. and Holland-Stergar, P. and Welker, J.M. and Wen, X. and Hu, A. and Huang, Y.}
}
@article {2933,
	title = {Limited Presence of Permafrost Dissolved Organic Matter in the Kolyma River, Siberia Revealed by Ramped Oxidation},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {126},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-07-2021},
	issn = {2169-8953},
	doi = {10.1029/2020JG005977},
	url = {https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000677821700019?AlertId=4d48b20a-7d27-4fa2-a6a8-37f0daa89864\&SID=8EgwPROzuFaD4cTggN2},
	author = {Rogers, Jennifer A. and Galy, Valier and Kellerman, Anne M. and Chanton, Jeffrey P. and Zimov, Nikita and Spencer, Robert G. M.}
}
@article {2938,
	title = {Molluscan aminostratigraphy of the US Mid-Atlantic Quaternary coastal system: Implications for onshore-offshore correlation, paleochannel and barrier island evolution, and local late Quaternary sea-level history},
	journal = {Quaternary Geochronology},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-10-2021},
	pages = {101177},
	abstract = {The Quaternary record of the US Mid-Atlantic coastal system includes onshore emergent late Pleistocene shoreline deposits, offshore inner shelf and barrier island units, and paleovalleys formed during multiple glacial stage sea-level lowstands. The geochronology of this coastal system is based on uranium series, radiocarbon, amino acid racemization (AAR), and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) methods. We report over 600 mollusk AAR results from 93 sites between northeastern North Carolina and the central New Jersey shelf, representing samples from both onshore cores or outcrops, sub-barrier and offshore cores, and transported shells from barrier island beaches. AAR age estimates are constrained by paired C-14 analyses on specific shells and associated U-series coral ages from onshore sites. AAR data from offshore cores are interpreted in the context of detailed seismic stratigraphy. The distribution of Pleistocene-age shells on the island beaches is linked to the distribution of inner shelf or sub-barrier source units. Age mixing over a range of time-scales (similar to 1 ka to similar to 100 ka) is identified by AAR results from onshore, beach, and shelf collections, often contributing insights into the processes forming individual barrier islands. The regional aminostratigraphic framework identifies a widespread late Pleistocene (Marine Isotope Stage 5) aminozone, with isolated records of middle and early Pleistocene deposition. AAR results provide age estimates for the timing of formation of the three major paleochannels that underlie the Delmarva Peninsula: Persimmon Point paleochannel >= 800 ka; Exmore paleochannel similar to 400-500 ka (MIS 12); and Eastville paleochannel > 125 ka (MIS 6). The results demonstrate the value of synthesizing abundant AAR chronologic data across various coastal environments, integrating multiple distinct geologic studies. The ages and elevations of the Quaternary units are important for current hypotheses about relative sea level history and crustal dynamics in the region, which was likely influenced by the Laurentide ice sheet, the margin just similar to 400 km to the north.},
	issn = {18711014},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quageo.2021.101177},
	url = {https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000696783400001?AlertId=4d48b20a-7d27-4fa2-a6a8-37f0daa89864\&SID=6CdHvzZQLddFkxmd4Jp},
	author = {Wehmiller, John F. and Brothers, Laura L. and Ramsey, Kelvin W. and Foster, David S. and Mattheus, C.R. and Hein, Christopher J. and Shawler, Justin L.}
}
@article {2932,
	title = {A NEW RAMPED PYROXIDATION/COMBUSTION FACILITY AT 14 CHRONO, BELFAST: SETUP DESCRIPTION AND INITIAL RESULTS},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Apr-06-2023},
	pages = {1 - 14},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2021.46},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822221000461/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033822221000461},
	author = {Keaveney, Evelyn M and Barrett, Gerard T and Allen, Kerry and Reimer, Paula J}
}
@article {2927,
	title = {Permafrost Organic Carbon Turnover and Export Into a High-Arctic Fjord: A Case Study From Svalbard Using Compound-specific C-14 Analysis},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {126},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-03-2021},
	issn = {2169-8953},
	doi = {10.1029/2020JG006008},
	url = {https://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\&SrcApp=search\&SrcAuth=Alerting\&SID=8FcXJjl9GsiAmhuIO65\&customersID=Alerting\&mode=FullRecord\&IsProductCode=Yes\&AlertId=ab9062f8-b111-4f95-},
	author = {Kusch, Stephanie and Rethemeyer, Janet and Ransby, Daniela and Mollenhauer, Gesine}
}
@article {3003,
	title = {Plastic Formulation is an Emerging Control of Its Photochemical Fate in the Ocean},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2021},
	month = {09/2021},
	pages = {12383 - 12392},
	abstract = {Sunlight exposure is a control of long-term plastic fate in the environment that converts plastic into oxygenated products spanning the polymer, dissolved, and gas phases. However, our understanding of how plastic formulation influences the amount and composition of these photoproducts remains incomplete. Here, we characterized the initial formulations and resulting dissolved photoproducts of four single-use consumer polyethylene (PE) bags from major retailers and one pure PE film. Consumer PE bags contained 15{\textendash}36\% inorganic additives, primarily calcium carbonate (13{\textendash}34\%) and titanium dioxide (TiO2; 1{\textendash}2\%). Sunlight exposure consistently increased production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) relative to leaching in the dark (3- to 80-fold). All consumer PE bags produced more DOC during sunlight exposure than the pure PE (1.2- to 2.0-fold). The DOC leached after sunlight exposure increasingly reflected the 13C and 14C isotopic composition of the plastic. Ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry revealed that sunlight exposure substantially increased the number of DOC formulas detected (1.1- to 50-fold). TiO2-containing bags photochemically degraded into the most compositionally similar DOC, with 68{\textendash}94\% of photoproduced formulas in common with at least one other TiO2-containing bag. Conversely, only 28\% of photoproduced formulas from the pure PE were detected in photoproduced DOC from the consumer PE. Overall, these findings suggest that plastic formulation, especially TiO2, plays a determining role in the amount and composition of DOC generated by sunlight. Consequently, studies on pure, unweathered polymers may not accurately represent the fates and impacts of the plastics entering the ocean.},
	isbn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.1c02272},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c02272},
	author = {Walsh, Anna N. and Reddy, Christopher M. and Niles, Sydney F. and McKenna, Amy M. and Hansel, Colleen M. and Ward, Collin P.}
}
@article {2928,
	title = {The Preservation of Climate-Driven Landslide Dams in Western Oregon},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
	volume = {126},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-04-2021},
	abstract = {Bedrock landsliding, including the formation of landslide dams, is a predominant geomorphic process in steep landscapes. Clarifying the importance of hydrologic and seismic mechanisms for triggering deep-seated landslides remains an ongoing effort, and formulation of geomorphic metrics that predict dam preservation is crucial for quantifying secondary landslide hazards. Here, we identify >200 landslide-dammed lakes in western Oregon and utilize dendrochronology and enhanced C-14 dating ("wiggle matching") of "ghost forests" to establish slope failure timing at 20 sites. Our dated landslide dataset reveals bedrock landsliding has been common since the last Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake in January 1700 AD. Our study does not reveal landslides that date to 1700 AD. Rather, we observe temporal clustering of at least four landslides in the winter of 1889/1890 AD, coincident with a series of atmospheric rivers that generated one of the largest regionally recorded floods. We use topographic and field analyses to assess the relation between dam preservation and topographic characteristics of the impounded valleys. In contrast to previous studies, we do not observe systematic scaling between dam size and upstream drainage area, though dam stability indices for our sites correspond with "stable" dams elsewhere. Notably, we observe that dams are preferentially preserved at drainage areas of similar to 1.5 to 13 km(2) and valley widths of similar to 25 to 80 m, which may reflect the reduced downstream influence of debris flows and the accumulation of mature conifer trees upstream from landslide-dammed lake outlets. We suggest that wood accumulation upstream of landslide dams tempers large stream discharges, thus inhibiting dam incision.},
	issn = {2169-9003},
	doi = {10.1029/2020JF005908},
	url = {https://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\&SrcApp=search\&SrcAuth=Alerting\&SID=8CKLYC3GhfgHnhOJ3m1\&customersID=Alerting\&mode=FullRecord\&IsProductCode=Yes\&AlertId=4d48b20a-7d27-4fa2-},
	author = {Struble, William T. and Roering, Joshua J. and Burns, William J. and Calhoun, Nancy C. and Wetherell, Logan R. and Black, Bryan A.}
}
@article {2922,
	title = {RADIOCARBON IN DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON BY UV OXIDATION: PROCEDURES AND BLANK CHARACTERIZATION AT NOSAMSABSTRACT},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-02-2021},
	pages = {357 - 374},
	abstract = {This study describes a procedural blank assessment of the ultraviolet photochemical oxidation (UV oxidation) method that is used to measure carbon isotopes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS). A retrospective compilation of Fm and δ 13 C results for secondary standards (OX-II, glycine) between 2009 and 2018 indicated that a revised blank correction was required to bring results in line with accepted values. The application of a best-fit mass-balance correction yielded a procedural blank of 22.0 {\textpm} 6.0 μg C with Fm of 0.30 {\textpm} 0.20 and δ 13 C of-32.0 {\textpm} 3.0{\textperthousand} for this period, which was notably higher and more variable than previously reported. Changes to the procedure, specifically elimination of higher organic carbon reagents and improved sample and reactor handling, reduced the blank to 11.0 {\textpm} 2.75 μg C, with Fm of 0.14 {\textpm} 0.10 and δ 13 C of-31.0 {\textpm} 5.5{\textperthousand}. A thorough determination of the entire sample processing blank is required to ensure accurate isotopic compositions of seawater DOC using the UV oxidation method. Additional efforts are needed to further reduce the procedural blank so that smaller DOC samples can be analyzed, and to increase sample throughput.},
	keywords = {blank, dissolved organic carbon, radiocarbon, UV oxidation},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2020.102},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/radiocarbon/article/abs/radiocarbon-in-dissolved-organic-carbon-by-uv-oxidation-procedures-and-blank-characterization-at-nosams/AA39A2C74772934B44D9BF81C2DF723C},
	author = {Xu, Li and Roberts, Mark L and Elder, Kathryn L and Kurz, Mark D and McNichol, Ann P and Reddy, Christopher M and Ward, Collin P and Hanke, Ulrich M}
}
@article {denton_zealandia_2021,
	title = {The Zealandia Switch: Ice age climate shifts viewed from Southern Hemisphere moraines},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {257},
	year = {2021},
	month = {04/2021},
	pages = {106771},
	abstract = {Two fundamental questions about the ice-age climate system await satisfactory resolution. First, if summer solar radiation intensity truly controls the orbital signature of the last glacial cycle, then why were major climatic shifts, including the last termination, globally synchronous? Second, what caused the millennial-scale climate oscillations superimposed on this cycle? We address these questions from a Southern Hemisphere perspective focused on mid-latitude mountain ice fields. We put particular emphasis on the last glacial termination, which involved both orbital-scale and millennial-scale climate elements and has generally well-resolved chronological control. Sustained retreat of mountain glaciers, documented by detailed mapping and chronology of glacial landforms in the Southern Alps and southern Andes, marked the termination of the last ice age, beginning \~{}18 kyrs ago and involved a change from glacial to near-interglacial atmospheric temperature within a millennium or two. A rapid poleward shift of the Subtropical Front, delineating the northern margin of the Southern Ocean, \~{}18 kyrs ago implies a concurrent poleward shift of the austral westerlies and leads us to hypothesize a southern origin for the dominant phase of the last glacial termination. Together with interhemispheric paleoclimate records and with results of coupled ocean-atmosphere climate modeling, these findings suggest a big, fast, and global end to the last ice age in which a southern-sourced warming episode linked the hemispheres. We posit that a shift in the Southern Ocean circulation and austral westerly wind system, tied to southern orbital forcing, caused this global warming episode by affecting the tropical heat engine and hence global climate. Central to this hypothesis, dubbed the {\textquoteleft}Zealandia Switch{\textquoteright}, is the location of the Australia and Zealandia continents relative to Southern Hemisphere oceanic and atmospheric circulation. Coupled ocean-atmosphere climate modeling shows that the locus of the austral westerlies, whether in a more equatorward position representing a glacial-mode climate or in a poleward-shifted position marking interglacial-mode climate, has profound effects on oceanic and associated atmospheric linkages between the tropical Pacific and the Southern Ocean. Shifts in the austral westerlies have global climatic consequences, especially through resulting changes in the greenhouse gas content of the atmosphere and altered heat flux from the tropical Pacific into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. We suggest that the last glacial termination was a global warming episode that led to extreme seasonality in northern latitudes by stimulating a flush of meltwater and icebergs into the North Atlantic from adjoining ice sheets. This fresh-water influx resulted in widespread North Atlantic sea ice that caused very cold boreal winters, thus amplifying the annual southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the monsoonal rain belts. We further suggest that muted manifestations of the Zealandia Switch mechanism were responsible for smaller, recurring millennial-scale climate oscillations within the last glacial cycle.},
	keywords = {Climate dynamics, Climate modeling, Cosmogenic isotopes, Geomorphology, Glacial, Glaciation, paleoclimatology, Quaternary, South Pacific Ocean, Southern Hemisphere westerlies, Southern Ocean},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106771},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379120307332},
	author = {Denton, George H. and Putnam, Aaron E. and Russell, Joellen L. and Barrell, David J. A. and Schaefer, Joerg M. and Kaplan, Michael R. and Strand, Peter D.}
}
@article {2817,
	title = {Deglacial temperature controls on no-analog community establishment in the Great Lakes Region},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {234},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-04-2020},
	pages = {106245},
	abstract = {Understanding the drivers of vegetation dynamics and no-analog communities in eastern North America is hampered by a scarcity of independent temperature indicators. We present a new branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (brGDGT) temperature record from Bonnet Lake, Ohio (18{\textendash}8 ka) and report uncertainty estimates based on Bayesian linear regression and bootstrapping. We also reanalyze a previously published brGDGT record from Silver Lake, Ohio, using improved chromatographic methods. All pollen- and brGDGT-based temperature reconstructions showed qualitatively similar deglacial trends but varying magnitudes. Separating 5- and 6- methyl brGDGTs resulted in substantially lower estimates of deglacial temperature variations (6.4 {\textdegree}C) than inferred from earlier brGDGT methods and pollen (11.8 {\textdegree}C, 12.0 {\textdegree}C respectively). Similar trends among proxies suggest good fidelity of brGDGTs to temperature, despite calibration uncertainties. At both sites, the rise and decline of no-analog communities closely track brGDGT-inferred temperatures, with a lag of 0{\textendash}150 years. The timing of temperature and ecological events varies between Bonnet and Silver Lakes, likely due to age model uncertainties. Climate sensitivity analyses indicate a linear sensitivity of vegetation composition to temperature variations, albeit noisy and significant only with a 500-year bin. The formation of no-analog plant communities in the upper Midwest is closely linked to late-glacial warming, but other factors, such as temperature seasonality or end-Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions, remain viable.},
	keywords = {biomarkers, brGDGT, Climate sensitivity, Lagoons \& swamps, lakes, No-analog, North America, paleoclimatology, Pleistocene, pollen, sedimentology, Temperature, vegetation},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106245},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379119303713},
	author = {Fastovich, David and Russell, James M. and Jackson, Stephen T. and Williams, John W.}
}
@article {2915,
	title = {Dissolved black carbon is not likely a significant refractory organic carbon pool in rivers and oceansAbstract},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-12-2020},
	abstract = {Rivers are the major carriers of dissolved black carbon (DBC) from land to ocean; the sources of DBC during its continuous transformation and cycling in the ocean, however, are not well characterized. Here, we present new carbon isotope data for DBC in four large and two small mountainous rivers, the Yangtze and Yellow river estuaries, the East China Sea and the North Pacific Ocean. We found that the carbon isotope signatures of DBC are relatively homogeneous, and the DBC C-14 ages in rivers are predominantly young and increase during continuous transport and cycling in the ocean. The results of charcoal leaching experiments indicate that DBC is released from charcoal and degraded by bacteria. Our study suggests that riverine DBC is labile and respired during transport and mixing into the ocean and that residual DBC is cycled and aged on the same time scales as bulk DOC in the ocean. Black carbon is a recalcitrant byproduct of biomass burning that ultimately accumulates in oceanic sinks. Here the authors assessed the sources and cycling of dissolved black carbon in rivers and oceans, finding that oceanic pools are cycled and aged on the same time scales as dissolved organic carbon.},
	keywords = {Changjiang, cycle, flux, HUANGHE RIVERS, level, particulate, quantification, radiocarbon, sea},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-18808-8},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18808-8http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18808-8.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18808-8.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18808-8},
	author = {Qi, Yuanzhi and Fu, Wenjing and Tian, Jiwei and Luo, Chunle and Shan, Sen and Sun, Shuwen and Ren, Peng and Zhang, Hongmei and Liu, Jiwen and Zhang, Xiaohua and Wang, Xuchen}
}
@article {2823,
	title = {Dual carbon isotope (δ13C and Δ14C) characterization of particulate organic carbon in the Geum and Seomjin estuaries, South Korea},
	journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
	volume = {150},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-01-2020},
	pages = {110719},
	abstract = {We investigated the source, composition, and reactivity of particulate organic carbon (POC) in two contrasting Korean estuary systems, a closed estuary (Geum) (i.e., with an estuary dam at the river mouth) and an open (Seomjin) estuary. A dual isotope (δ13CPOC and Δ14CPOC) approach was applied to surface water samples collected along a salinity gradient in August 2016. Our results indicate that phytoplankton-derived POC was the main contributor to the total POC pool in the reservoir of the Geum estuary, while terrestrial-derived POC predominated the upper Seomjin estuary. A simple binary mixing model using Δ14CPOC revealed a higher modern POC contribution (87{\textendash}90\%) in the Geum estuary reservoir than that (77\%) of the upper Seomjin estuary. Accordingly, it appears that an estuary dam can alter the source and reactivity of POC in a reservoir, which can be transferred to the adjacent coastal ecosystem.},
	keywords = {carbon isotopes, dam, Estuary, Geum estuary, organic carbon, particulate, Seomjin estuary},
	issn = {0025326X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110719},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025326X19308756},
	author = {Kang, Sujin and Kim, Jung-Hyun and Ryu, Jong-Sik and Shin, Kyung-Hoon}
}
@article {2772,
	title = {Holocene occupation history of pygoscelid penguins at Stranger Point, King George (25 de Mayo) Island, northern Antarctic Peninsula},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-01-2020},
	pages = {190 - 196},
	abstract = {We report additional fossil evidence for pygoscelid penguins breeding on King George (25 de Mayo) Island, South Shetland Islands, in the Holocene beginning at ~7000 cal. yr BP. This evidence comes from a raised marine beach deposit formerly studied and described as Pingfo I at Stranger Point, Potter Peninsula. We relocated and exposed deposits at this site and recovered additional samples of penguin bones from five stratigraphic beds that are redescribed here. Most of these bones are from juvenile penguins and exhibit little or no wear indicating minimal transport to the beach deposits. Some of the bones are developed enough to be identifiable to Ad{\'e}lie (Pygoscelis adeliae), Gentoo (Pygoscelis papua), and Chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) penguins, indicating that all three species were breeding at Stranger Point from ~7320 to 4865 cal. yr BP. This breeding occupation corresponds with the first warming and deglaciation that occurred in the northern Antarctic Peninsula by this time and ends with the onset of reglaciation of the Peninsula. At least 31 abandoned penguin mounds and ornithogenic soils also were located and sampled at Stranger Point and indicate that the current occupation of this area by all three pygoscelid penguins dates no older than ~535 cal. yr BP. The absence of ornithogenic soils from earlier Holocene breeding was probably due to glacial activity and soil solifluction during periods of warming in the mid to late Holocene.},
	keywords = {abandoned penguin mounds, Holocene penguin colonization, marine beach deposit, ornithogenic soil, Radiocarbon dating, South Shetlands, West Antarctica},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683619875814},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683619875814},
	author = {Emslie, Steven D and Romero, Mat{\'\i}as and Ju{\'a}res, Mariana A and Argota, Martin R}
}
@article {2762,
	title = {Holocene Rupture History of the Central Teton Fault at Leigh Lake, Grand Teton National Park, WyomingABSTRACT},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	volume = {110},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-02-2020},
	pages = {67 - 82},
	abstract = {Prominent scarps on Pinedale glacial surfaces along the eastern base of the Teton Range confirm latest Pleistocene to Holocene surface-faulting earthquakes on the Teton fault, but the timing of these events is only broadly constrained by a single previous paleoseismic study. We excavated two trenches at the Leigh Lake site near the center of the Teton fault to address open questions about earthquake timing and rupture length. Structural and stratigraphic evidence indicates two surface-faulting earthquakes at the site that postdate deglacial sediments dated by radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence to \~{}10{\textendash}11  ka⁠. Earthquake LL2 occurred at \~{}10.0  ka (9.7{\textendash}10.4 ka; 95\% confidence range) and LL1 at \~{}5.9  ka (4.8{\textendash}7.1 ka; 95\%). LL2 predates an earthquake at \~{}8  ka identified in the previous paleoseismic investigation at Granite Canyon. LL1 corresponds to the most recent Granite Canyon earthquake at \~{}4.7{\textendash}7.9  ka (95\% confidence range). Our results are consistent with the previously documented long-elapsed time since the most recent Teton fault rupture and expand the fault{\textquoteright}s earthquake history into the early Holocen},
	issn = {0037-1106},
	doi = {10.1785/0120190129},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/110/1/67/575484/Holocene-Rupture-History-of-the-Central-Teton},
	author = {Zellman, Mark S. and DuRoss, Christopher B. and Thackray, Glenn D. and Personius, Stephen F. and Reitman, Nadine G. and Mahan, Shannon A. and Brossy, Cooper C.}
}
@article {2913,
	title = {Insolation and greenhouse gases drove Holocene winter and spring warming in Arctic Alaska},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {242},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-08-2020},
	pages = {106438},
	abstract = {Global surface temperature changes and their drivers during the Holocene Epoch remain controversial. Syntheses of proxy data indicate that global mean annual temperature declined from the mid-Holocene until the Pre-industrial Era, a trend linked to decreasing Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. In contrast, global climate models simulate increasing mean annual temperatures driven by retreating ice sheets and increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. This proxy-model disagreement may originate from a warm season bias in Northern Hemisphere proxy reconstructions, highlighting the need for new proxies that quantify cold season temperature, especially in Arctic regions that were devoid of continental ice sheets during the Holocene. Here, we present a new 16,000-year winter-spring temperature reconstruction derived from the unsaturation ratio of alkenones (U-3(7)K) in a continuous sedimentary sequence from Lake E5, northern Alaska. We employ a thermodynamic lake model to convert alkenone-inferred lake temperatures into winter-spring air temperature anomalies and we contextualize our proxy reconstruction with climate model output from the region. Our reconstruction shows that winter-spring temperatures warmed rapidly during the deglaciation at 16 and 14 thousand years before present and continued to warm gradually throughout the middle and late Holocene (0.12-0.28 degrees C/thousand years) in concert with regional sea surface temperature and sea ice records. Our results are consistent with climate model simulations and we attribute Holocene warming to rising winter-spring insolation, radiative forcing from rising greenhouse gas concentrations and regional feedbacks. Our reconstructed cold season warming equaled or exceeded summer cooling according to a regional synthesis of temperature records, suggesting that seasonal biases in temperature reconstructions may account for proxy-model disagreements in Holocene temperature trends from Eastern Beringia. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Alkenone, Beringia, Continental biomarkers, Holocene, North America, paleoclimatology, paleolimnology, Proxy data-model comparison, seasonality, Temperature reconstruction},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106438},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379120304005},
	author = {Longo, William M. and Huang, Yongsong and Russell, James M. and Morrill, Carrie and Daniels, William C. and Giblin, Anne E. and Crowther, Josue}
}
@article {3002,
	title = {Radiocarbon dating of deep-sea black corals collected off the southeastern United States},
	year = {2020},
	publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
	abstract = {Results of radiocarbon dating of deep-sea (500 m to 700 m) black corals are presented. These corals were collected off the southeastern United States as part of the Southeastern United States Deep-Sea Corals (SEADESC) Initiative.},
	keywords = {Ecology, Geochemistry, marine geology},
	doi = {10.5066/P9PQ3Z5V},
	url = {https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5f36d30982cee144fb3874bc},
	author = {Prouty, Nancy G and Schiff, John and Roark, E. Brendan}
}
@article {2918,
	title = {RADIOCARBON RESERVOIR AGES IN THE HOLOCENE DEAD SEAABSTRACT},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-10-2020},
	pages = {1453 - 1473},
	abstract = {The sources and fate of radiocarbon (C-14) in the Dead Sea hypersaline solution are evaluated with C-14 measurements in organic debris and primary aragonite collected from exposures of the Holocene Ze{\textquoteright}elim Formation. The reservoir age (RA) is defined as the difference between the radiocarbon age of the aragonite at time of its precipitation (representing lake{\textquoteright}s dissolved inorganic carbon pig) and the age of contemporaneous organic debris (representing atmospheric radiocarbon). Evaluation of the data for the past 6000 yr from Dead Sea sediments reveal that the lake{\textquoteright}s RA decreased from 2890 yr at 6 cal kyr BP to 2300 yr at present. The RA lies at similar to 2400 yr during the past 3000 yr, when the lake was characterized by continuous deposition of primary aragonite, which implies a continuous supply of freshwater-bicarbonate into the lake. This process reflects the overall stability of the hydrological-climate conditions in the lake{\textquoteright}s watershed during the late Holocene where bicarbonate originated from dissolution of the surface cover in the watershed that was transported to the Dead Sea by the freshwater runoff. An excellent correlation (R-2=0.98) exists between aragonite ages and contemporaneous organic debris, allowing the estimation of ages of various primary deposits where organic debris are not available.},
	keywords = {aragonite, Dead Sea, Holocene, radiocarbon, reservoir ages},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2020.28},
	url = {https://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\&SrcApp=search\&SrcAuth=Alerting\&SID=8AkJOJLKFU3j5nkGaRI\&customersID=Alerting\&mode=FullRecord\&IsProductCode=Yes\&AlertId=4d48b20a-7d27-4fa2-},
	author = {Weber, Nurit and Lazar, Boaz and Stern, Ofra and Burr, George and Gavrieli, Ittai and Roberts, Mark and Kurz, Mark D and Yechieli, Yoseph and Stein, Mordechai}
}
@article {2870,
	title = {A refined age calibrated paleosecular variation and relative paleointensity stack for the NW Barents Sea: Implication for geomagnetic field behavior during the Holocene},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {229},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-02-2020},
	pages = {106133},
	abstract = {Reconstruction of Paleomagnetic Secular Variation (PSV) of the geomagnetic field is fundamental both to assess geodynamo models and to obtain age constraints for rocks, sediments and archaeological material. We present refined age-calibrated Holocene PSV and relative paleointensity (RPI) stack curves derived from Arctic marine sediments (Northwestern Barents Sea). The Holocene sections of four sedimentary cores were correlated on the basis of paleomagnetic trends and age models, and stacked. The resultant composite PSV and RPI Holocene records (NBS stack) and the reconstructed Holocene Virtual Geomagnetic Pole (VGP) path were evaluated in comparison with the most recent paleomagnetic stack curves and geomagnetic field models. The data indicate that during the Holocene time, the VGPs moved within the superficial projection of the inner core tangent cylinder, with the exception of short time intervals around 5600 and 3200 cal yr BP when VGPs extended to lower latitudes. These deviations might reflect regional geomagnetic features, such as persistent geomagnetic flux lobes at core-mantle boundary. Our data confirm that the large VGP shift observed around 5600 cal yr BP is the result of an increased radial magnetic field at the core-mantle boundary over North America, whilst the VGP shift around 3200 cal yr BP represents a major swing to middle latitudes toward the Middle East and might be associated to a regional high paleointensity peak, known as Levantine Iron Age Anomaly (LIAA).},
	keywords = {Arctic region, Barents Sea, Geomagnetic paleosecular variation, Holocene, marine sediment cores, Paleomagnetism, Relative paleointensity},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106133},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379119306869},
	author = {Caricchi, C. and Sagnotti, L. and Campuzano, S.A. and Lucchi, R.G. and Macr{\`I}, P. and Rebesco, M. and Camerlenghi, A.}
}
@article {2893,
	title = {Response of shallow-sea benthic foraminifera to environmental changes off the coast of Goa, eastern Arabian Sea, during the last \~{}6100 cal yr BPAbstract},
	journal = {Geological Magazine},
	volume = {157},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-03-2020},
	pages = {497 - 505},
	abstract = {We have analysed a 6100-year record of benthic and planktonic foraminifera from inner neritic sediments from Core SK291/GC13, off the Goa coast, eastern Arabian Sea, to understand the response of benthic foraminifera to shallow-marine processes. The benthic foraminiferal assemblage is dominated by Nonion cf. asterizans, Ammonia beccarii, A. gaimardii and Virgulinella fragilis, which have been selected on the basis of a population of 10\% or more in any three samples analysed. The planktonic foraminiferal population is sporadic and rare, with Globigerinoides ruber as the predominant species showing a variable trend. The foraminiferal proxies combined with total organic carbon (wt\%) and δ13C and δ18O values of Ammonia gaimardii suggest distinct variations, indicating changes in productivity and salinity in the shallow eastern Arabian Sea. The coastal waters off Goa were relatively warmer and less saline between 6100 and 4600, or perhaps to 4200, calibrated years before the present (cal yr BP), corresponding to a stronger monsoon in South and East Asia. The shallow sea was cooler from ~4200 to 2600 cal yr BP in the study area, coinciding with a lower sea surface temperature in the northeastern Arabian Sea and an arid phase in the Indian subcontinent. From 2900 to 2600 cal yr BP the study core exhibits the impacts of short-term cold events, which have earlier been observed in the northeastern Arabian Sea, off Pakistan. During the Little Ice Age, the shallow sea off Goa was less productive.},
	keywords = {arabian sea, benthic foraminifera, Indian monsoon, Stable isotopes, western continental margin of India},
	issn = {0016-7568},
	doi = {10.1017/S0016756819000979},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0016756819000979/type/journal_article},
	author = {Saravanan, Ponnusamy and Gupta, Anil K. and Zheng, Hongbo and Panigrahi, Mruganka K. and Tiwari, Sameer K. and Rai, Santosh K. and Prakasam, Muthusamy}
}
@article {2834,
	title = {Sedimentary evidence of prehistoric distant-source tsunamis in the Hawaiian Islands},
	journal = {Sedimentology},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-04-2020},
	pages = {1249 - 1273},
	abstract = {Over the past 200 years of written records, the Hawaiian Islands have experienced tens of tsunamis generated by earthquakes in the subduction zones of the Pacific {\textquoteleft}Ring of Fire{\textquoteright} (for example, Alaska{\textendash}Aleutian, Kuril{\textendash}Kamchatka, Chile and Japan). Mapping and dating anomalous beds of sand and silt deposited by tsunamis in low-lying areas along Pacific coasts, even those distant from subduction zones, is critical for assessing tsunami hazard throughout the Pacific basin. This study searched for evidence of tsunami inundation using stratigraphic and sedimentological analyses of potential tsunami deposits beneath present and former Hawaiian wetlands, coastal lagoons, and river floodplains. Coastal wetland sites on the islands of Hawai΄i, Maui, O΄ahu and Kaua΄i were selected based on historical tsunami runup, numerical inundation modelling, proximity to sandy source sediments, degree of historical wetland disturbance, and breadth of prior geological and archaeological investigations. Sand beds containing marine calcareous sediment within peaty and/or muddy wetland deposits on the north and north-eastern shores of Kaua΄i, O΄ahu and Hawai΄i were interpreted as tsunami deposits. At some sites, deposits of the 1946 and 1957 Aleutian tsunamis are analogues for deeper, older probable tsunami deposits. Radiocarbon-based age models date sand beds from three sites to ca 700 to 500 cal yr bp, which overlaps ages for tsunami deposits in the eastern Aleutian Islands that record a local subduction zone earthquake. The overlapping modelled ages for tsunami deposits at the study sites support a plausible correlation with an eastern Aleutian earthquake source for a large prehistoric tsunami in the Hawaiian Islands.},
	keywords = {Aleutians, deposit, distant source, extreme events, Hawai΄i, palaeotsunami},
	issn = {0037-0746},
	doi = {10.1111/sed.12623},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sed.12623},
	author = {La Selle, SeanPaul and Richmond, Bruce M. and Jaffe, Bruce E. and Nelson, Alan R. and Griswold, Frances R. and Arcos, Maria E. M. and Chagu{\'e}, Catherine and Bishop, James M. and Bellanova, Piero and Kane, Haunani H. and Lunghino, Brent D. and Gelfenbaum, Guy},
	editor = {Costa, Pedro}
}
@article {2669,
	title = {The southern Gulf of Mexico: A baseline radiocarbon isoscape of surface sediments and isotopic excursions at depth},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Mar-04-2021},
	pages = {e0231678},
	abstract = {The southern Gulf of Mexico (sGoM) is home to an extensive oil recovery and development infrastructure. In addition, the basin harbors sites of submarine hydrocarbon seepage and receives terrestrial inputs from bordering rivers. We used stable carbon, nitrogen, and radiocarbon analyses of bulk sediment organic matter to define the current baseline isoscapes of surface sediments in the sGoM and determined which factors might influence them. These baseline surface isoscapes will be useful for accessing future environmental impacts. We also examined the region for influence of hydrocarbon deposition in the sedimentary record that might be associated with hydrocarbon recovery, spillage and seepage, as was found in the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM) following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in 2010. In 1979, the sGoM experienced a major oil spill, Ixtoc 1. Surface sediment δ13C values ranged from -22.4{\textperthousand} to -19.9{\textperthousand}, while Δ14C values ranged from -337.1{\textperthousand} to -69.2{\textperthousand}.
Sediment δ15N values ranged from 2.8{\textperthousand} to 7.2{\textperthousand}, while the \%C on a carbonate-free basis ranged in value of 0.65\% to 3.89\% and \%N ranged in value of 0.09\% to 0.49\%. Spatial trends for δ13C and Δ14C were driven by water depth and distance from the coastline, while spatial trends for δ15N were driven by location (latitude and longitude). Location and distance from the coastline were significantly correlated with \%C and \%N. At depth in two of twenty (10\%) core profiles, we found negative δ13C and Δ14C excursions from baseline values in bulk sedimentary organic material, consistent with either oil-residue deposition or terrestrial inputs, but likely the latter. We then used 210Pb dating on those two profiles to determine the time in which the excursion-containing horizons were deposited. Despite the large spill in 1979, no evidence of hydrocarbon residue remained in the sediments from this specific time period.},
	keywords = {Gulf of Mexico, hydrocarbons, Oil spills, Oils, Petroleum, Sediment},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.023167810.1371},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32294128},
	author = {Bosman, Samantha H. and Schwing, Patrick T. and Larson, Rebekka A. and Wildermann, Natalie E. and Brooks, Gregg R. and Romero, Isabel C. and Sanchez-Cabeza, Joan-Albert and Ruiz-Fern{\'a}ndez, Ana Carolina and Machain-Castillo, Maria Luisa and Gracia, Adolfo and Escobar-Briones, Elva and Murawski, Steven A. and Hollander, David J. and Chanton, Jeffrey P.},
	editor = {Potter-McIntyre, Sally}
}
@article {2994,
	title = {14C Blank Corrections for 25{\textendash}100 μg Samples at the National Ocean Sciences AMS Laboratory},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2019},
	month = {10/2019},
	pages = {1403 - 1411},
	abstract = {Replicate radiocarbon (14C) measurements of organic and inorganic control samples, with known Fraction Modern values in the range Fm = 0{\textendash}1.5 and mass range 6 μg{\textendash}2 mg carbon, are used to determine both the mass and radiocarbon content of the blank carbon introduced during sample processing and measurement in our laboratory. These data are used to model, separately for organic and inorganic samples, the blank contribution and subsequently {\textquotedblleft}blank correct{\textquotedblright} measured unknowns in the mass range 25{\textendash}100 μg. Data, formulas, and an assessment of the precision and accuracy of the blank correction are presented.},
	keywords = {AMS, AMS dating, blank corrections},
	isbn = {0033-8222, 1945-5755},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2019.74},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/radiocarbon/article/14c-blank-corrections-for-25100-g-samples-at-the-national-ocean-sciences-ams-laboratory/494B9CF72445198570213B4A2CC303D0},
	author = {Roberts, M. L. and Elder, K. L. and Jenkins, W. J. and Gagnon, A. R. and Xu, L. and Hlavenka, J. D. and Longworth, B. E.}
}
@article {2884,
	title = {Age, Growth and Death of a National Icon: The Historic Chapman Baobab of Botswana},
	journal = {Forests},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-11-2019},
	pages = {983},
	abstract = {The year 2016 witnessed the fall of a symbol of the botanical world: the historic Chapman baobab of Botswana. This article presents the results of our investigation of the standing and fallen tree. The Chapman baobab had an open ring-shaped structure composed of six partially fused stems. Several wood samples collected from the stems prior and after their collapse were analysed by using radiocarbon dating. The radiocarbon date of the oldest sample was 1381 {\textpm} 22 BP, which corresponds to a calibrated age of 1345 (+10, -15) calendar years. The dating results show that the six stems of the Chapman baobab belonged to three different generations, which were 1350{\textendash}1400, 800{\textendash}1000 and 500{\textendash}600 years old. The growth rate variation of the largest and oldest stem is presented and correlated with the climate evolution in the area over the past 1000 years. The factors that determined the sudden fall and death of the Chapman baobab are also presented and discussed.},
	doi = {10.3390/f10110983},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/11/983},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Woodborne, Stephan and Patrut, Roxana T. and Hall, Grant and Rakosy, Laszlo and Winterbach, Christiaan and von Reden, Karl F.}
}
@article {2876,
	title = {Bomb Radiocarbon Age Validation of Warsaw Grouper and Snowy Grouper},
	journal = {Fisheries},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Aug-11-2020},
	pages = {524 - 533},
	abstract = {Current stock assessments for both the Warsaw Grouper Hyporthodus nigritus and the Snowy Grouper H. niveatus are based on age-structured population models determined using traditional otolith-based aging techniques. However, recent studies using bomb radiocarbon validation have shown that many deepwater fishes live much longer than previously estimated when relying on conventional age determination methods. In this study, we conducted bomb radiocarbon age validations of Warsaw Grouper and Snowy Grouper from the Gulf of Mexico. Radiocarbon age validation supported annual growth increment formation for all Warsaw Grouper size classes and medium-sized Snowy Grouper. Conversely, ages of larger, older Snowy Grouper were greatly underestimated due to difficulty in discriminating annuli. This bomb radiocarbon analysis validates a minimum 56-year longevity for both Warsaw Grouper and Snowy Grouper, increasing the currently published longevities of 41 and 54 years, respectively.},
	issn = {0363-2415},
	doi = {10.1002/fsh.v44.1110.1002/fsh.10291},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15488446/44/11},
	author = {Sanchez, Phillip J. and Pinsky, Jeffrey P. and Rooker, Jay R.}
}
@article {2677,
	title = {Coupled ocean and atmospheric changes during Greenland stadial 1 in southwestern Europe},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {212},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-05-2019},
	pages = {108 - 120},
	abstract = {Paleoclimate reconstructions suggest that the complex variability within the Greenland stadial 1 (GS-1) over western Europe was governed by coupled ocean and atmospheric changes. However, few works from the North Atlantic mid-latitudes document both the GS-1 onset and its termination, which are often considered as single abrupt transition events. Here, we present a direct comparison between marine (alkenone-based sea surface temperatures) and terrestrial (pollen) data, at very high resolution (28 years mean), from the southwestern Iberian shelf record D13882. Our results reveal a rather complex climatic period with internally changing conditions. The GS-1 onset (GS-1a: 12890-12720 yr BP) is marked by a progressive cooling and drying; GS-1b (12720-12390 yr BP) is the coldest and driest phase; GS-1c (12390-12030 yr BP) is marked by a progressive warming and increase in moisture conditions; GS-1 termination (GS-1d: 12030-11770 yr BP) is marked by rapid switches between cool wet, cold dry and cool wet conditions. Although hydroclimate response was very unsteady throughout the GS-1 and in particular during its termination phase, the persistence of an open temperate and Mediterranean forest in southwestern Iberia during the entire episode suggests that at least some moisture was delivered via the Westerlies. We propose coupled ocean and atmospheric mechanisms to reproduce these scenaria. Changes in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) as well as variations in the North Atlantic sea-ice growth have favoured the displacement of the polar jet stream{\textquoteright}s latitudinal position and contributed to a complex spatial pattern and strength of the Westerlies across western Europe.},
	keywords = {Climate variability, Greenland stadial, Iberian margin, Jet stream, Moisture availability, North Atlantic, Paleoclimate, Westerlies, Younger Dryas Complex},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.03.033},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332292599_Coupled_ocean_and_atmospheric_changes_during_Greenland_stadial_1_in_southwestern_Europe},
	author = {Naughton, F. and Costas, S. and Gomes, S.D. and Desprat, S. and Rodrigues, T. and Sanchez Go{\~n}i, M.F. and Renssen, H. and Trigo, R. and Bronk-Ramsey, C. and Oliveira, D. and Salgueiro, E. and Voelker, A.H.L. and Abrantes, F.}
}
@article {2871,
	title = {Dissolved organic carbon in basalt-hosted deep subseafloor fluids of the Juan de Fuca Ridge flank},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {513},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-05-2019},
	pages = {156 - 165},
	abstract = {Marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is highly depleted in radiocarbon and thus inferred to be largely refractory to removal processes that operate on less than millennial timescales. However, a growing number of reports have shown that a large fraction of marine DOC can be effectively removed during circulation through submarine hydrothermal systems. What is not clear, however, is whether the DOC that remains in hydrothermal fluids is remnant non-reactive DOC from recharged seawater, or DOC that has been largely produced in the subsurface. We collected and characterized warm (\~{}65 {\textdegree}C) hydrothermal fluids from deep (18, 40, 73, 200 m) within the basalt-hosted basement of the Juan de Fuca Ridge flank in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. DOC concentrations in hydrothermal fluids were 9 to 18 μM, much lower than measured in local deep seawater (37.5 μM). DOC C values of -683{\textperthousand} to -856{\textperthousand} were much lower than the C-dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) values of -880{\textperthousand} to -918{\textperthousand}, while DOC C values of -23.6{\textperthousand} to -27.0{\textperthousand} were much heavier than that of the particulate organic carbon (POC) pool ({\textperthousand}), suggesting that biological production in the subsurface is not a primary source of DOC. Rather, our data suggest that isotopically enriched DOC are selectively removed from recharged seawater, leaving DOC that is very isotopically depleted in the basaltic basement fluids. Despite the removal of 50{\textendash}75\% of DOC in the subsurface, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) functional group analyses indicate that aromatic compounds were added to basaltic basement fluids during passage through the deep subseafloor and may partly contribute to the depleted 14C DOC in the ridge-flank basement fluids.},
	keywords = {aromatic organic compound, basaltic basement fluid, carbon isotopes, dissolved organic carbon, Juan de Fuca, selective removal, subseafloor},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2019.02.008},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012821X19300998},
	author = {Lin, Huei-Ting and Repeta, Daniel J. and Xu, Li and Rapp{\'e}, Michael S.}
}
@article {2795,
	title = {The distribution and magnitude of subglacial erosion on millennial timescales at Engabreen, NorwayAbstract},
	journal = {Annals of Glaciology},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-12-2019},
	pages = {73 - 81},
	abstract = {We quantify the magnitude of millennial-scale glacial erosion at Engabreen, a temperate glacier in coastal northern Norway, using the in situ cosmogenic nuclides carbon-14 (14C) and beryllium-10 (10Be) in bedrock exposed recently by glacial retreat. Nuclide concentrations show no dependence on distance down or across the valley. As such, resulting Holocene erosion depths along two transects perpendicular to glacier flow are highly variable with no systematic distribution, ranging from 0.10 to 2.95 m. We observed 14C{\textendash}10Be ratios elevated above the production ratio in samples of abraded bedrock, which is counter to the expectation for surfaces covered during the Holocene and exposed only recently. Muon reactions produce nuclides at greater depths than do spallation reactions and 14C at production rates at higher than those of 10Be, resulting in 14C{\textendash}10Be ratios that increase with depth. Therefore, elevated 14C{\textendash}10Be ratios indicate that sampled sites were deeply plucked during recent cover, the Little Ice Age in this case, and then rapidly abraded prior to retreat. Our results suggest that, while glacial erosion can generate a u-shaped valley profile over long periods of time (e.g., 105{\textendash}107 years), the discontinuous nature of glacial plucking produces spatially variable patterns of erosion over shorter millennial timescales.},
	keywords = {Beryllium-10, Carbon-14, cosmogenic nuclides, Engabreen, glacial erosion},
	issn = {0260-3055},
	doi = {10.1017/aog.2019.42},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0260305519000429/type/journal_article},
	author = {Rand, Cari and Goehring, Brent M.}
}
@conference {2821,
	title = {Evaluating Playas as Point Sources for Recharge of the High Plains Aquifer, Western Kansas},
	booktitle = {Joint 53rd Annual South-Central/53rd North-Central/71st Rocky Mtn GSA Section Meeting - 2019},
	year = {2019},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America},
	organization = {Geological Society of America},
	doi = {10.1130/abs/2019SC-327385},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333623353_EVALUATING_PLAYAS_AS_SOURCES_OF_RECHARGE_TO_THE_HIGH_PLAINS_AQUIFER_IN_WESTERN_KANSAS},
	author = {Stotler, Randy L. and Salley, Kaitlin A. and Johnson, William C. and Ryuh, Yon-Gyung}
}
@article {2637,
	title = {Evidence of Ice Age humans in eastern Beringia suggests early migration to North America},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {205},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-02-2019},
	pages = {35 - 44},
	abstract = {Our understanding of the timing and pathway of human arrival to the Americas remains an important and polarizing topic of debate in archaeology and anthropology. Traditional consensus, supported by archaeological and paleoenvironmental data, favors a {\textquoteright}swift peopling{\textquoteright} of the Americas from Asia via the Bering Land Bridge during the last Glacial termination. More recent genetic data and archaeological finds have challenged this view, proposing the {\textquoteright}Beringian standstill hypothesis{\textquoteright} (BSH), wherein a population of proto-Americans migrated from Asia during, or even prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and lived in Beringia for thousands of years before their eventual spread across the American continents. Using a sediment archive from Lake E5 (68.641667 degrees N, 149.457706 degrees W), located on Alaska{\textquoteright}s North Slope, we present new data supporting the BSH and shedding new light on the environmental impact of these early American populations. Fecal biomarkers support human presence in the environs of the lake, and our data demonstrate elevated biomass burning in this region during the last Glacial. Elevated burning defies the expectation that natural fires would be less frequent in the Arctic during the last Glacial, thereby suggesting human ignition as the likely culprit. Our data shed new light on the pathway and timing of human migration to the Americas and demonstrate the possibility of the sustainable coexistence of humans and the Ice Age megafauna in Beringia prior to their extinction. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Beringia, charcoal, Fecal sterols, Last Glacial, Paleofire, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.003},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379118307716https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379118307716?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379118307716?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Vachula, Richard S. and Huang, Yongsong and Longo, William M. and Dee, Sylvia G. and Daniels, William C. and Russell, James M.}
}
@article {2744,
	title = {Holocene sea-level variability from Chesapeake Bay Tidal Marshes, USA},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Dec-11-2020},
	pages = {1679 - 1693},
	abstract = {We reconstructed the last 10,000 years of Holocene relative sea-level rise (RSLR) from sediment core records near Chesapeake Bay, eastern United States, including new marsh records from the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers, Virginia. Results show mean RSLR rates of 2.6 mm yr-1 from 10 to 8 kilo-annum (ka) due to combined final ice-sheet melting during deglaciation and glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA subsidence). Mean RSLR rates from ~6 ka to present were 1.4 mm yr-1 due mainly to GIA, consistent with other East Coast marsh records and geophysical models. However, a progressively slower mean rate (<1.0 mm yr-1) characterized the last 1000 years when a multi-century-long period of tidal marsh development occurred during the {\textquoteleft}Medieval Climate Anomaly{\textquoteright} (MCA) and {\textquoteleft}Little Ice Age{\textquoteright} (LIA) in the Chesapeake Bay region and other East Coast marshes. This decrease was most likely due to climatic and glaciological processes and, correcting for GIA, represents a fall in global mean sea level (GMSL) near the end of Holocene Neoglacial cooling. These pre-historical climate- and GIA-driven Chesapeake Bay sea-level changes contrast sharply with those based on Chesapeake Bay tide-gauge rates (3.1{\textendash}4.5 mm yr-1) (back to 1903). After subtracting the GIA subsidence component, these rates can be attributed to long-term (millennial) global factors of accelerated ocean thermal expansion (~1.0 mm yr-1) and mass loss from alpine glaciers and Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets (1.5{\textendash}2.0 mm yr-1).},
	keywords = {chesapeake bay, Foraminifera, Holocene, sea level, tidal marsh, US East Coast},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683619862028},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683619862028},
	author = {Cronin, Thomas M and Clevenger, Megan K and Tibert, Neil E and Prescott, Tammy and Toomey, Michael and Hubeny, J Bradford and Abbott, Mark B and Seidenstein, Julia and Whitworth, Hannah and Fisher, Sam and Wondolowski, Nick and Ruefer, Anna}
}
@article {2713,
	title = {A human role in Andean megafaunal extinction?},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {205},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-02-2019},
	pages = {154 - 165},
	abstract = {A new fossil pollen, Sporormiella, and sediment chemistry record from Lake Llaviucu, Ecuador, spanning the period from 16,280{\textendash}9000 years Before Present, provides a high-resolution record of paleoecological change in the high Andes. The deglacial transition from super-p{\'a}ramo through p{\'a}ramo grasslands, to Andean forest is traced, with near-modern systems being established by c. 11,900 years ago. It is suggested that forest elements probably existed in microrefugial populations close to the ice front. Sporormiella is used as a proxy for megafaunal abundance, and its decline to background levels is inferred to indicate a local extinction event at c. 12,800 years ago. About 1800 years prior to the extinction, charcoal becomes a regular sedimentary component in this very wet valley. An early date for human activity in the valley is suggested, with the direct implication of humans in the extinction of the megafauna.},
	keywords = {Andes, Deglaciation, Ecuador Extinction, Fossil pollen, Human arrival, Pleistocene megafauna, Sporormiella},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.005},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379118307005},
	author = {Raczka, M.F. and Mosblech, N.A. and Giosan, L. and Valencia, B.G. and Folcik, A.M. and Kingston, M. and Baskin, S. and Bush, M.B.}
}
@article {2632,
	title = {Improved C- efficiency and ion beam currents by modifying SNICS cathode material},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {439},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-01-2019},
	pages = {90 - 93},
	abstract = {We investigated the possibility of increasing the C-14 AMS efficiency and maximizing C- beam currents by modifying sample cathode geometry and material. Previously, we reported results which showed an increase in C- beam current and improved ionization efficiency when reducing the cathode sample well diameter from 1 mm to 0.75 mm and using zinc inserts, pressed into the aluminum cathode holder [4]. In this study we expand that effort by using cathodes with inserts made of Fe, Mo, Ni, Ti, Cu, and Zn. We pressed cathodes with 100 mu g of Oxalic Acid I (OX-I) and ran them to exhaustion. C-12 beam currents, C-14 counts, and graphite weight were used to determine ion source efficiency.},
	keywords = {Cathode, Efficiency, Ion source, SNICS},
	issn = {0168583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2018.11.015},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&SrcAuth=Alerting\&SrcApp=Alerting\&DestApp=WOS_CPL\&DestLinkType=FullRecord\&UT=WOS:000455693100015},
	author = {Hlavenka, Joshua D. and Abrams, Henry and Roberts, Mark L. and Longworth, Brett E. and Fallon, Stewart}
}
@article {2712,
	title = {In situ cosmogenic 3He and 36Cl and radiocarbon dating of volcanic deposits refine the Pleistocene and Holocene eruption chronology of SW Peru},
	journal = {Bulletin of Volcanology},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-11-2019},
	abstract = {Constraining the age of young lavas, which generally fall outside the effective range of traditional geochronology methods, remains a key challenge in volcanology, limiting the development of high-resolution eruption chronologies. We present an in situ cosmogenic 3He and 36Cl surface-exposure chronology, alongside new minimum-limiting 14C ages, documenting young eruptions at five sites in the Western Cordillera, southern Peru. Four 3He-dated lavas on the Nevado Coropuna volcanic complex (hitherto thought to be dormant) indicate that the central dome cluster is young and potentially active; two Holocene lavas on the easternmost dome are the youngest directly dated lavas in Peru to date. East of Coropuna, lava domes and block-lava flows represent the most extensive output to date of Nevado Sabancaya, one of Peru{\textquoteright}s most active volcanoes. Two 3He measurements confirm the Holocene age of these deposits and expand the chronology for one of the youngest major lava fields in Peru. 36Cl surface-exposure ages from the Purupurini dome cluster and Nevado Casiri document middle-late-Holocene episodes of effusive activity, while basal 14C ages from a lava-dammed wetland constrain an effusive eruption at Mina Arcata, north of Coropuna, to the late-glacial period. These new data advance the recent Western Cordillera volcanic record whilst demonstrating both the considerable potential and fundamental limitations of cosmogenic surface-exposure methods for such applications.},
	issn = {0258-8900},
	doi = {10.1007/s00445-019-1325-6},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00445-019-1325-6},
	author = {Bromley, Gordon R. M. and Thouret, Jean-Claude and Schimmelpfennig, Irene and Mari{\~n}o, Jersy and Valdivia, David and Rademaker, Kurt and del Pilar Vivanco Lopez, Socorro and Team, ASTER and Auma{\^\i}tre, Georges and Bourl{\`e}s, Didier and Keddadouche, Karim}
}
@book {2719,
	title = {Mapping Isotopic and Dissolved Organic Matter Baselines in Waters and Sediments of the~Gulf of Mexico},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {160 - 181},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	organization = {Springer International Publishing},
	address = {Cham},
	abstract = {The Deepwater Horizon oil spill released petroleum hydrocarbons that were depleted in δ13C and Δ14C at depth into the Gulf of Mexico. Stable-carbon and radiocarbon isotopic values and high-resolution mass spectrometry were used to follow the distributions of this petroleum and to track its transformation into petrocarbon, a term used to describe crude oil or transformed crude oil following biodegradation, weathering, oxygenation, or loss of lighter components. The term petrocarbon includes oil- or methane-derived carbon assimilated or incorporated into microbial biomass or into the food web as well as degraded and undegraded petroleum constituents. Here we report (1) the increase in the relative abundance of oxygen-containing carbon compounds making up the dissolved organic matter (DOM) with increasing depth through the water column, indicating the biodegradation of DOM as it was transported to depth in the water column, (2) the finding of 14C depletion in DOM indicating petrocarbon inputs, and (3) the decrease and subsequent increase of 14C in the isotopic composition of sinking particles indicating the capture of petrocarbon in sediment traps. In addition, we discuss the 14C depletion of this material once it is sedimented to the seafloor and the implications for oil spill budgets of seafloor petrocarbon deposition.},
	keywords = {Dissolved organic matter, FTICR-MS, Gulf baselines, High-resolution mass spectrometry, organic carbon, radiocarbon, Ramped pyrolysis, Sediment organic matter},
	isbn = {978-3-030-12962-0},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-12963-710.1007/978-3-030-12963-7_10},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-12963-7_10},
	author = {Chanton, Jeffrey P. and Jaggi, Aprami and Radovi{\'c}, Jago{\v s} R. and Rosenheim, Brad E. and Walker, Brett D. and Larter, Stephen R. and Rogers, Kelsey and Bosman, Samantha and Oldenburg, Thomas B. P.},
	editor = {Murawski, Steven A. and Ainsworth, Cameron H. and Gilbert, Sherryl and Hollander, David J. and Paris, Claire B. and Schl{\"u}ter, Michael and Wetzel, Dana L.}
}
@article {2764,
	title = {Mineral protection regulates long-term global preservation of natural organic carbon},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {570},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-06-2019},
	pages = {228 - 231},
	abstract = {The balance between photosynthetic organic carbon production and respiration controls atmospheric composition and climate1,2. The majority of organic carbon is respired back to carbon dioxide in the biosphere, but a small fraction escapes remineralization and is preserved over geological timescales3. By removing reduced carbon from Earth{\textquoteright}s surface, this sequestration process promotes atmospheric oxygen accumulation2 and carbon dioxide removal1. Two major mechanisms have been proposed to explain organic carbon preservation: selective preservation of biochemically unreactive compounds4,5 and protection resulting from interactions with a mineral matrix6,7. Although both mechanisms can operate across a range of environments and timescales, their global relative importance on 1,000-year to 100,000-year timescales remains uncertain4. Here we present a global dataset of the distributions of organic carbon activation energy and corresponding radiocarbon ages in soils, sediments and dissolved organic carbon. We find that activation energy distributions broaden over time in all mineral-containing samples. This result requires increasing bond-strength diversity, consistent with the formation of organo-mineral bonds8 but inconsistent with selective preservation. Radiocarbon ages further reveal that high-energy, mineral-bound organic carbon persists for millennia relative to low-energy, unbound organic carbon. Our results provide globally coherent evidence for the proposed7 importance of mineral protection in promoting organic carbon preservation. We suggest that similar studies of bond-strength diversity in ancient sediments may reveal how and why organic carbon preservation{\textemdash}and thus atmospheric composition and climate{\textemdash}has varied over geological time.},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/s41586-019-1280-6},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1280-6},
	author = {Hemingway, Jordon D. and Rothman, Daniel H. and Grant, Katherine E. and Rosengard, Sarah Z. and Eglinton, Timothy I. and Derry, Louis A. and Galy, Valier V.}
}
@article {2641,
	title = {Petrocarbon evolution: Ramped pyrolysis/oxidation and isotopic studies of contaminated oil sediments from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Apr-02-2021},
	pages = {e0212433},
	abstract = {Hydrocarbons released during the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill weathered due to exposure to oxygen, light, and microbes. During weathering, the hydrocarbons{\textquoteright} reactivity and lability was altered, but it remained identifiable as "petrocarbon" due to its retention of the distinctive isotope signatures (C-14 and C-13) of petroleum. Relative to the initial estimates of the quantity of oil-residue deposited in Gulf sediments based on 2010-2011 data, the overall coverage and quantity of the fossil carbon on the seafloor has been attenuated. To analyze recovery of oil contaminated deep-sea sediments in the northern Gulf of Mexico we tracked the carbon isotopic composition (C-13 and C-14, radiocarbon) of bulk sedimentary organic carbon through time at 4 sites. Using ramped pyrolysis/oxidation, we determined the thermochemical stability of sediment organic matter at 5 sites, two of these in time series. There were clear differences between crude oil (which decomposed at a lower temperature during ramped oxidation), natural hydrocarbon seep sediment (decomposing at a higher temperature; Delta C-14 = -189 parts per thousand) and our control site (decomposing at a moderate temperature; Delta C-14 = -189 parts per thousand), in both the stability (ability to withstand ramped temperatures in oxic conditions) and carbon isotope signatures. We observed recovery toward our control site bulk Delta C-14 composition at sites further from the wellhead in similar to 4 years, whereas sites in closer proximity had longer recovery times. The thermographs also indicated temporal changes in the composition of contaminated sediment, with shifts towards higher temperature CO2 evolution over time at a site near the wellhead, and loss of higher temperature CO2 peaks at a more distant site.},
	keywords = {C-14 ANALYSES; MARINE SNOW, degradation, fractionation, organic-matter, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY RESPONSE, radiocarbon, STABLE CARBON, surface sediments},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0212433},
	url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0212433},
	author = {Rogers, Kelsey L. and Bosman, Samantha H. and Lardie-Gaylord, Mary and McNichol, Ann and Rosenheim, Brad E. and Montoya, Joseph P. and Chanton, Jeffrey P.},
	editor = {Cooper, Lee W.}
}
@article {2869,
	title = {Radiocarbon age of different photoreactive fractions of freshwater dissolved organic matter},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {135},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-09-2019},
	pages = {11 - 15},
	abstract = {Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays a major role in aquatic carbon cycling. In order to determine if DOC photolability was related to DOC age, we tested the effect of oxidation time using UV irradiation on natural radiocarbon concentrations (Δ14C) of DOC in six US rivers. The most photo-labile DOC was 14C youngest. After a 100 min UV irradiation, most DOC (>93\%) was oxidized in two out of the six rivers studied. On the other hand, the other four rivers still had a considerable amount (>20\%) of DOC resistant to UV oxidation, which showed lower Δ14C values than those of bulk DOC. We also found that the concentration and Δ14C value of bulk DOC are controlled by the photochemically intermediate fraction. The results suggest that 14C age of organic matter is not homogeneous within DOC, the degree of which may depend on the characteristics unique to rivers.},
	keywords = {dissolved organic carbon, Mixing model, Oxidation time, UV irradiation, Δ14C},
	issn = {01466380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2019.06.006},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S014663801930107X},
	author = {Ishikawa, Naoto F. and Butman, David and Raymond, Peter A.}
}
@article {2854,
	title = {Sea Level Rise Explains Changing Carbon Accumulation Rates in a Salt Marsh Over the Past Two Millennia},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {124},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Sep-10-2019},
	pages = {2945 - 2957},
	abstract = {High rates of carbon burial observed in wetland sediments have garnered attention as a potential {\textquotedblleft}natural fix{\textquotedblright} to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in Earth{\textquoteright}s atmosphere. A carbon accumulation rate (CAR) can be determined through various methods that integrate a carbon stock over different time periods, ranging from decades to millennia. Our goal was to assess how CAR changed over the lifespan of a salt marsh. We applied a geochronology to a series of salt marsh cores using both 14C and 210Pb markers to calculate CARs that were integrated between 35 and 2,460 years before present. CAR was 39 g C{\textperiodcentered}m-2{\textperiodcentered}year-1 when integrated over millennia but was upward of 148 g C{\textperiodcentered}m-2{\textperiodcentered}year-1 for the past century. We present additional evidence to account for this variability by linking it to changes in relative sea level rise (RSLR), where higher rates of RSLR were associated with higher CARs. Thus, the CAR calculated for a wetland should integrate timescales that capture the influence of contemporary RSLR. Therefore, caution should be exercised not to utilize a CAR calculated over inappropriately short or long timescales as a current assessment or forecasting tool for the climate change mitigation potential of a wetland.},
	keywords = {Carbon storage, Geochronology, Salt marsh, sea-level rise},
	issn = {2169-8953},
	doi = {10.1029/2019JG005207},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019JG005207},
	author = {McTigue, Nathan and Davis, Jenny and Rodriguez, Antonio B. and McKee, Brent and Atencio, Anna and Currin, Carolyn}
}
@article {2872,
	title = {Shellfish, Geophytes, and Sedentism on Early Holocene Santa Rosa Island, Alta California, USA},
	journal = {The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Mar-03-2021},
	pages = {1 - 21},
	abstract = {Archaeobotanical remains recovered from a large \~{}8000-year-old-shell midden (CA-SRI-666) on Santa Rosa Island provide the first ancient plant data from this large island, shedding light on ancient patterns of plant use, subsistence, and sedentism. Faunal data from shell midden samples retrieved from three site loci contain evidence for harvesting of rocky intertidal shellfish and estuarine clams and oysters from a paleo-estuary in the vicinity. CA-SRI-666 appears to have been an Early Holocene village site occupied year round. A key to the development of early sedentary societies on the island may have been geophytes, especially Brodiaea-type corms, which provided an abundant source of carbohydrates and calories that complemented marine resources rich in fat and whole animal proteins. Our data demonstrate the value of integrating paleobotanical and zooarchaeological data from island and coastal archaeological sites to help elucidate human social, cultural, and environmental dynamics, including sedentism.},
	issn = {1556-4894},
	doi = {10.1080/15564894.2019.1579272},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15564894.2019.1579272?journalCode=uica20},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Ainis, Amira F. and Gill, Kristina M. and Jew, Nicholas P. and Reeder-Myers, Leslie A.}
}
@article {2757,
	title = {Significance of Perylene for Source Allocation of Terrigenous Organic Matter in Aquatic SedimentsSignificance of Perylene for Source Allocation of Terrigenous Organic Matter in Aquatic Sediments},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Apr-07-2020},
	pages = {8244 - 8251},
	abstract = {Perylene is a frequently abundant, and sometimes the only polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in aquatic sediments, but its origin has been subject of a longstanding debate in geochemical research and pollutant forensics because its historical record differs markedly from typical anthropogenic PAHs. Here we investigate whether perylene serves as a source-specific molecular marker of fungal activity in forest soils. We use a well-characterized sedimentary record (1735-1999) from the anoxic-bottom waters of the Pettaquamscutt River basin, RI to examine mass accumulation rates and isotope records of perylene, and compare them with total organic carbon and the anthropogenic PAH fluoranthene. We support our arguments with radiocarbon (14C) data of higher plant leaf-wax n-alkanoic acids. Isotope-mass balance-calculations of perylene and n-alkanoic acids indicate that \~{}40\% of sedimentary organic matter is of terrestrial origin. Further, both terrestrial markers are pre-aged on millennial time-scales prior to burial in sediments and are insensitive to elevated 14C concentrations following nuclear weapons testing in the mid-20th Century. Instead, changes coincide with enhanced erosional flux during urban sprawl. These findings suggest that perylene is definitely a product of soil-derived fungi, and a powerful chemical tracer to study the spatial and temporal connectivity between terrestrial and aquatic environments. },
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.9b0234410.1021/acs.est.9b02344.s001},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.9b02344},
	author = {Hanke, Ulrich M. and Lima-Braun, Ana L. and Eglinton, Timothy I. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Galy, Valier and Poussart, Pascale and Hughen, Konrad and McNichol, Ann P. and Xu, Li and Reddy, Christopher M.}
}
@article {2666,
	title = {Single step Production of graphite from organic Samples for Radiocarbon Measurements},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-12-2019},
	pages = {1843 - 1854},
	abstract = {We present a new low-cost, high-throughput method for converting many types of organic carbon samples into graphite for radiocarbon (14C) measurements by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The method combines sample combustion and reduction to graphite into a single procedure. In the Single Step method, solid samples are placed directly into Pyrex containing zinc, titanium hydride and iron catalyst. The tube is evacuated, flame sealed, and placed in a muffle furnace for 7 hr. A variety of organic samples have been tested including oxalic acid, sucrose, wood, peat, collagen, humic acid, and contamination swipe samples. The method significantly reduces the time required to produce a graphite sample for 14C measurement, with analytical precision and accuracy approaching that of traditional two-step combustion and hydrogen reduction methods. The details and applicability of the method are presented.},
	keywords = {graphite, radiocarbon, sealed tube graphite, single step graphite},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2019.136},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S003382221900136X/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S003382221900136X},
	author = {Elder, K L and Roberts, M L and Walther, T and Xu, L}
}
@article { ISI:000482379400088,
	title = {Sources and sink of black carbon in Arctic Ocean sediments},
	journal = {SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT},
	volume = {689},
	year = {2019},
	month = {NOV 1},
	pages = {912-920},
	abstract = {The concentrations and carbon isotopic (C-13, C-14) compositions of total organic carbon (TOC) and black carbon (BC) were measured for four sediment cores collected from the shelf to slope in the Arctic Ocean. Contents of TOC and BC ranged from 0.46\% to 1.94\% and 0.04\% to 0.13\% by dry weight, and BC accounted for 3.5\% to 15.2\% of the TOC preserved in the shelf and slope sediments. Sediment of the Chukchi shelf contained relatively high BC contents compared with the sediments of the Arctic slope, suggesting strong influence from the river and terrestrial inputs to the shelf region. Radiocarbon measurements revealed that the ages of BC are in the range of 7330 to 29,700 years (before present) and they are 4093 to 7723 years older than the C-14 ages of TOC preserved in the same sediment depths. Based on an isotopic mass balance model, we calculated that fossil fuel combustion contributed 62-96\%, and biomass burning contributed 4-38\% of the BC pool in the sediments of the study area. This {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}slow-cycling{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} old BC is an important fraction of the inert organic carbon pool preserved in the sediments, and represents a significant sink of atmospheric CO2 and global carbon cycle. With the thawing permafrost caused by continuous global warming, the size of this BC pool mobilized and exported by rivers to the Arctic Ocean could increase in the future. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0048-9697},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.437},
	author = {Ren, Peng and Liu, Yanguang and Shi, Xuefa and Sun, Shuwen and Fan, Di and Wang, Xuchen}
}
@article {2721,
	title = {Sources of carbon to suspended particulate organic matter in the northern Gulf of Mexico},
	journal = {Elem Sci Anth},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2019},
	month = {May-10-2020},
	pages = {51},
	abstract = {Suspended particulate organic carbon (POCsusp) in the Gulf of Mexico is unique compared to other seas and oceans. In addition to surface primary production, isotopic analysis indicates that microbial cycling of oil and riverine inputs are primary sources of carbon to POCsusp in the Gulf. To characterize POCsusp from seep sites and non-seep north central Gulf (NCG) sites potentially affected by the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill, we analyzed 277 and 123 samples for δ13C and Δ1C signatures, respectively. Depth, partitioned into euphotic (300 m), was the main driver of spatial δ13C differences, with deep depths exhibiting 13C depletion. Both deep depths and proximity to sources of natural seepage resulted in 14C depletion. A two-endmember mixing model based on Δ14C indicated that sources to POCsusp were 14{\textendash}29\% fossil carbon at NCG sites and 19{\textendash}57\% at seep sites, with the balance being modern surface production. A six-component Bayesian mixing model MixSIAR, using both 13C and 14C, suggested that riverine inputs were an important carbon source to POCsusp contributing 34{\textendash}46\%. The influence of seeps was localized. Below the euphotic zone at seep sites, 46 {\textpm} 5\% (n = 9) of the carbon in POCsusp was derived from environmentally degraded, transformed oil; away from seeps, transformed oil contributed 15 {\textpm} 4\% (n = 39). We hypothesized that, at NCG sites removed from hydrocarbon seep sources, isotopic signatures would be depleted following the spill and then shift towards background-like enriched values over time. At deep depths we observed decreasing Δ14C signatures in POCsusp from 2010 to 2012, followed by isotopic enrichment from 2012 to 2014 and a subsequent recovery rate of 159{\textperthousand} per year, consistent with this hypothesis and with biodegraded material from DWH hydrocarbons contributing to POCsusp.},
	doi = {10.1525/elementa.389},
	url = {https://www.elementascience.org/article/10.1525/elementa.389},
	author = {Rogers, Kelsey L. and Bosman, Samantha H. and Weber, Sarah and Magen, Cedric and Montoya, Joseph P. and Chanton, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {2647,
	title = {Sunlight Converts Polystyrene to Carbon Dioxide and Dissolved Organic Carbon},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology Letters},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Oct-10-2019},
	abstract = {Numerous international governmental agencies that steer policy assume that polystyrene persists in the environment for millennia. Here, we show that polystyrene is completely photochemically oxidized to carbon dioxide and partially photochemically oxidized to dissolved organic carbon. Lifetimes of complete and partial photochemical oxidation are estimated to occur on centennial and decadal time scales, respectively. These lifetimes are orders of magnitude faster than biological respiration of polystyrene and thus challenge the prevailing assumption that polystyrene persists in the environment for millennia. Additives disproportionately altered the relative susceptibility to complete and partial photochemical oxidation of polystyrene and accelerated breakdown by shifting light absorbance and reactivity to longer wavelengths. Polystyrene photochemical oxidation increased approximately 25\% with a 10 {\textdegree}C increase in temperature, indicating that temperature is unlikely to be a primary driver of photochemical oxidation rates. Collectively, sunlight exposure appears to be a governing control of the environmental persistence of polystyrene, and thus, photochemical loss terms need to be included in mass balance studies on the environmental fate of polystyrene. The experimental framework presented herein should be applied to a diverse array of polymers and formulations to establish how general these results are for other plastics in the environment.},
	issn = {2328-8930},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00532},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00532},
	author = {Ward, Collin P. and Armstrong, Cassia J. and Walsh, Anna N. and Jackson, Julia H. and Reddy, Christopher M.}
}
@article {2857,
	title = {Temperature-controlled tundra fire severity and frequency during the last millennium in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-07-2019},
	pages = {1223 - 1233},
	abstract = {Wildfire is an important disturbance to Arctic tundra ecosystems. In the coming decades, tundra fire frequency, intensity, and extent are projected to increase because of anthropogenic climate change. To more accurately predict the effects of climate change on tundra fire regimes, it is critical to have detailed knowledge of the natural frequency and extent of past wildfires and how they responded to past climate variability. We present analyses of fire frequency and temperature from a lake sediment core from the Yukon-Kuskokwim (YK) Delta. Our ca. 1000 macroscopic charcoal record shows more frequent but possibly less severe tundra fires during the first half of the last millennium, whereas less frequent, possibly more severe fires characterize the latter half. Our temperature reconstruction, based on distributional changes of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs), shows slightly warmer conditions from ca. AD 1000 to 1500, and cooler conditions thereafter (ca. AD 1500 to 2000), suggesting that fire frequency increases when climate is relatively warmer in this region. When wildfires occur more frequently, fire severity may decrease because of limited biomass (fuel source) accumulating between fires. The data suggest that tundra ecosystems are highly sensitive to climate change, and that a warmer climate, which is predicted to develop in the near future, will result in more frequent tundra wildfires.},
	keywords = {alaska, Arctic, charcoal, glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), late-holocene, Paleoclimate, Paleofire},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683619838036},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683619838036},
	author = {Sae-Lim, Jarunetr and Russell, James M and Vachula, Richard S and Holmes, Robert M and Mann, Paul J and Schade, John D and Natali, Susan M}
}
@article {2774,
	title = {Testing the Utility of Geochemical Proxies to Reconstruct Holocene Coastal Environments and Relative Sea Level: A Case Study from Hungry Bay, Bermuda},
	journal = {Open Quaternary},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2019},
	month = {May-02-2019},
	abstract = {On low-lying, tropical and sub-tropical coastlines freshwater marshes may be replaced by salt-tolerant mangroves in response to relative sea-level rise. Pollen analysis of radiocarbon-dated sediment cores showed that such a change occurred in Hungry Bay, Bermuda during the late Holocene. This well-established paleoenvironmental trajectory provides an opportunity to explore if geochemical proxies (bulk-sediment δ13C and Rock-Eval pyrolysis) can reconstruct known environmental changes and relative sea level. We characterized surface sediment from depositional environments in Bermuda (freshwater wetlands, saline mangroves, and wrack composed of Sargassum natans macroalgae) using geochemical measurements and demonstrate that a multi-proxy approach can objectively distinguish among these environments. However, application of these techniques to the transgressive sediment succession beneath Hungry Bay suggests that freshwater peat and mangrove peat cannot be reliably distinguished in the sedimentary record, possibly because of post-depositional convergence of geochemical characteristics on decadal to multi-century timescales and/or the relatively small number of modern samples analyzed. Sediment that includes substantial contributions from Sargassum is readily identified by geochemistry, but has a limited spatial extent. Radiocarbon dating indicates that beginning at {\textendash}700 CE, episodic marine incursions into Hungry Bay (e.g., during storms) carried Sargassum that accumulated as wrack and thickened through repeated depositional events until ~300 CE. It took a further ~550 years for a peat-forming mangrove community to colonize Hungry Bay, which then accumulated sediment rapidly, but likely out of equilibrium with regional relative sea-level rise.},
	keywords = {mangrove, radiocarbon, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, Sargassum, δ13C},
	doi = {10.5334/oq.49},
	url = {http://www.openquaternary.com/articles/10.5334/oq.49/},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C. and Vane, Christopher H. and Khan, Nicole S. and Ellison, Joanna C. and Engelhart, Simon E. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Nikitina, Daria and Smith, Struan R. and Rodrigues, Lisa J. and Moyer, Ryan P.}
}
@article {2614,
	title = {1500 years of lake sedimentation due to fire, earthquakes, floods and land clearance in the Oregon Coast Range: geomorphic sensitivity to floods during timber harvest period},
	journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Mar-06-2019},
	pages = {1496 - 1517},
	abstract = {Sediment cores retrieved from landslide-dammed Loon Lake recorded events back to the 5th century AD in a forested, mountainous catchment, thereby providing an opportunity to compare the impacts of known recent perturbations, including floods and timber harvesting with those of an
early period in the cores, floods, fires, and earthquakes. High-resolution multi-parameter (grain size, \%TC, \%TN, and magnetic susceptibility) data allowed the core stratigraphy to be classified as background sedimentation and events. Cs-137 and radiocarbon dating, as well as a varved record in the last 75years provided age control. Mean mass accumulation rate from 1939 to 1978AD, the time of peak timber harvest and a cool wet phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, was 0.79 (0.74-0.92, 95\% C.L.) g cm(-2) y(-1), significantly higher than mean rates of both the more recent contemporary period (coincident with the passing of the legislation that regulated harvesting practices in the region), 1979-2012AD, at 0.58 (0.48-0.70) and the entire early period, 0.44 (0.41-0.46). Several event deposits are coeval with independently estimated ages of eight Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes in the early period, including the 1700AD Mw 9.0 event. These deposits are predominantly formed by hyperpycnal flows, as are the known event deposits in the contemporary period. The high mass accumulation rate and greater frequency of thick event deposits during the early contemporary period point to the extraordinary role of timber harvesting in priming the landscape for subsequent sedimentary delivery during floods. Copyright (c) 2017 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	keywords = {erosion, GREAT EARTHQUAKES, history, NEW-ZEALAND, radiocarbon age, record, TEMPORAL PATTERNS, USA, WASHINGTON, WESTERN OREGON},
	doi = {10.1002/esp.v43.710.1002/esp.4335},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/esp.4335},
	author = {Richardson, K.N.D. and Hatten, J.A. and Wheatcroft, R.A.}
}
@article {2693,
	title = {A centuries-long delay between a paleo-ice-shelf collapse and grounding-line retreat in the Whales Deep Basin, eastern Ross Sea, Antarctica},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-12-2018},
	abstract = {Recent thinning and loss of Antarctic ice shelves has been followed by near synchronous acceleration of ice flow that may eventually lead to sustained deflation and significant contraction in the extent of grounded and floating ice. Here, we present radiocarbon dates from foraminifera that constrain the time elapsed between a previously described paleo-ice-shelf collapse and the subsequent major grounding-line retreat in the Whales Deep Basin (WDB) of eastern Ross Sea. The dates indicate that West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) grounding-line retreat from the continental shelf edge was underway prior to 14.7 {\textpm} 0.4 cal kyr BP. A paleo-ice-shelf collapse occurred at 12.3 {\textpm} 0.2 cal kyr BP. The grounding position was maintained on the outer-continental shelf until at least 11.5 {\textpm} 0.3 cal kyr BP before experiencing a 200-km retreat. Given the age uncertainties, the major grounding-line retreat lagged ice-shelf collapse by at least two centuries and by as much as fourteen centuries. In the WDB, the centuries-long delay in the retreat of grounded ice was partly due to rapid aggradational stacking of an unusually large volume of grounding-zone-wedge sediment as ice-stream discharge accelerated following ice-shelf collapse. This new deglacial reconstruction shows that ongoing changes to ice shelves may trigger complex dynamics whose consequences are realized only after a significant lag.},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-29911-8},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-29911-8},
	author = {Bart, Philip J. and DeCesare, Matthew and Rosenheim, Brad E. and Majewski, Wojceich and McGlannan, Austin}
}
@article {2755,
	title = {Climatic control of Mississippi River flood hazard amplified by river engineering},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {556},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-04-2018},
	pages = {95 - 98},
	abstract = {Over the past century, many of the world{\textquoteright}s major rivers have been modified for the purposes of flood mitigation, power generation and commercial navigation1. Engineering modifications to the Mississippi River system have altered the river{\textquoteright}s sediment levels and channel morphology2, but the influence of these modifications on flood hazard is debated3,4,5. Detecting and attributing changes in river discharge is challenging because instrumental streamflow records are often too short to evaluate the range of natural hydrological variability before the establishment of flood mitigation infrastructure. Here we show that multi-decadal trends of flood hazard on the lower Mississippi River are strongly modulated by dynamical modes of climate variability, particularly the El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, but that the artificial channelization (confinement to a straightened channel) has greatly amplified flood magnitudes over the past century. Our results, based on a multi-proxy reconstruction of flood frequency and magnitude spanning the past 500 years, reveal that the magnitude of the 100-year flood (a flood with a 1 per cent chance of being exceeded in any year) has increased by 20 per cent over those five centuries, with about 75 per cent of this increase attributed to river engineering. We conclude that the interaction of human alterations to the Mississippi River system with dynamical modes of climate variability has elevated the current flood hazard to levels that are unprecedented within the past five centuries.},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature26145},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/nature26145},
	author = {Munoz, Samuel E. and Giosan, Liviu and Therrell, Matthew D. and Remo, Jonathan W. F. and Shen, Zhixiong and Sullivan, Richard M. and Wiman, Charlotte and O{\textquoteright}Donnell, Michelle and Donnelly, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {2622,
	title = {Combining Conflicting Bayesian Models to Develop Paleoseismic Records: An Example from the Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Feb-06-2020},
	abstract = {Bayesian statistical analyses of paleoseismic data result in the probabilistic determination of earthquake times using geochronological data evaluated in the context of a stratigraphic model. However, a fundamental problem in paleoseismology is how to use the Bayesian approach to model sparse and/or conflicting geochronological datasets, such as those derived from sites exhibiting episodic sedimentary and pedogenic processes in moderate- to high-energy environments (e.g., a normal-faulted alluvial fan). Using paleoseismic data for the Corner Canyon site on the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault zone (Utah), we develop an approach by which multiple Bayesian models are combined to generate an earthquake history at a site. This approach accommodates mutually exclusive interpretations of the geochronological data and thereby limits the influence of sparse data, stratigraphically inconsistent ages, or a single, subjective model interpretation. For the Corner Canyon site, we integrate four OxCal Bayesian models to generate a chronology of six events between \~{}4.8 and \~{}0.5  ka. Late Holocene (post-5 ka) mean recurrence and vertical slip-rate estimates are \~{}0.9  ky (0.7{\textendash}1.0 ky; 95\% confidence) and 1.1  mm/yr (0.8{\textendash}1.7  mm/yr range), respectively. Although our method increases the uncertainty in the timing of individual earthquakes, it more objectively accounts for potential geochronological errors and different interpretations of stratigraphic age control. By relaxing the need to select a single age model, our approach yields more accurate earthquake-timing results that will better facilitate evaluations of along-fault event correlation and earthquake rupture length.},
	issn = {0037-1106},
	doi = {10.1785/0120170302},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/536312/Combining-Conflicting-Bayesian-Models-to-Develop},
	author = {DuRoss, Christopher B. and Bennett, Scott E. K. and Briggs, Richard W. and Personius, Stephen F. and Gold, Ryan D. and Reitman, Nadine G. and Hiscock, Adam I. and Mahan, Shannon A.}
}
@article {2620,
	title = {Deglacial floods in the Beaufort Sea preceded Younger Dryas cooling},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2018},
	month = {08/2018},
	pages = {599 - 604},
	abstract = {A period of cooling about 13,000 years ago interrupted about 2,000 years of deglacial warming. Known as the Younger Dryas (YD), the event is thought to have resulted from a slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in response to a sudden flood of Laurentide Ice Sheet meltwater that reached the Nordic Seas. Oxygen isotope evidence for a local source of meltwater to the open western North Atlantic from the Gulf of St Lawrence has been lacking. Here we report that the eastern Beaufort Sea contains the long-sought signal of O-18-depleted water. Beginning at similar to 12.94 {\textpm} 0.15 thousand years ago, oxygen isotopes in the planktonic foraminifera from two sediment cores as well as sediment and seismic data indicate a flood of meltwater, ice and sediment to the Arctic via the Mackenzie River that lasted about 700 years. The minimum in the oxygen isotope ratios lasted similar to 130 years. We suggest that the floodwater travelled north along the Canadian Archipelago and then through the Fram Strait to the Nordic Seas, where freshening and freezing near sites of deep-water formation would have suppressed convection and caused the YD cooling by reducing the meridional overturning.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/s41561-018-0169-6},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0169-6http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0169-6.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0169-6http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0169-6.pdf},
	author = {Keigwin, L. D. and Klotsko, S. and Zhao, N. and Reilly, B. and Giosan, L. and Driscoll, N. W.}
}
@article {2886,
	title = {The demise of the largest and oldest African baobabs},
	journal = {Nature Plants},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-07-2018},
	pages = {423 - 426},
	abstract = {The African baobab is the biggest and longest-living angiosperm tree. By using radiocarbon dating we identified the stable architectures that enable baobabs to reach large sizes and great ages. We report that 9 of the 13 oldest and 5 of the 6 largest individuals have died, or at least their oldest parts/stems have collapsed and died, over the past 12 years; the cause of the mortalities is still unclear.},
	doi = {10.1038/s41477-018-0170-5},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-018-0170-5},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Woodborne, Stephan and Patrut, Roxana T. and Rakosy, Laszlo and Lowy, Daniel A. and Hall, Grant and von Reden, Karl F.}
}
@article {2789,
	title = {The effect of sample drying temperature on marine particulate organic carbon composition},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography: Methods},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-05-2018},
	pages = {286 - 298},
	abstract = {Compositional changes in marine particulate organic carbon (POC) throughout the water column trace important processes that underlie the biological pump{\textquoteright}s efficiency. While labor-intensive, particle sampling efforts offer potential to expand the empirical POC archive at different stages in the water column, provided that organic composition is sufficiently preserved between sampling and analysis. The standard procedure for preserving organic matter composition in marine samples is to immediately store particles at -80{\textdegree}C to -20{\textdegree}C until they can be freeze-dried for analysis. This report investigates the effect of warmer drying and storage temperatures on POC composition, which applies to the majority of POC samples collected in the field without intention for organic analysis. Particle samples collected off Woods Hole, Massachusetts were immediately dried at 56{\textdegree}C, at room temperature, or stored in a freezer until freeze-drying. Results show that oven- and air-drying did not shift the bulk composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen content and stable isotope composition) of POC in the samples relative to freeze-drying. Similarly, warmer drying temperatures did not affect POC thermal stability, as inferred by ramped pyrolysis/oxidation, a growing technique that uses a continuous temperature ramp to differentiate components of organic carbon by their decomposition temperature. Oven- and air-drying did depress lipid abundances relative to freeze-drying, the extent of which depended on compound size and structure. The data suggest that field samples dried at room temperatures and 56{\textdegree}C are appropriate for assessing bulk POC composition and thermal stability, but physical mechanisms such as molecular volatilization bias their lipid composition.},
	doi = {10.1002/lom3.v16.510.1002/lom3.10245},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324893072_The_effect_of_sample_drying_temperature_on_marine_particulate_organic_carbon_composition},
	author = {Rosengard, Sarah Z. and Lam, Phoebe J. and McNichol, Ann P. and Johnson, Carl G. and Galy, Valier V.}
}
@article {2841,
	title = {Fossil Fuel Combustion Emission From South Asia Influences Precipitation Dissolved Organic Carbon Reaching the Remote Tibetan Plateau: Isotopic and Molecular Evidence},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Apr-06-2019},
	pages = {6248 - 6258},
	abstract = {The dissolved organic carbon in precipitation (water-soluble organic carbon, WSOC) can provide a carbon subsidy to receiving ecosystems. The concentrations, isotopic signatures (δ13C/Δ14C), and molecular signatures (transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry) of WSOC being delivered to Nam Co{\textemdash}a remote site on the inland Tibetan Plateau (TP){\textemdash}were compared to those of WSOC in the snowpack, and in wet deposition from urban cities fringing the TP. The average WSOC concentration at Nam Co (1.0 {\textpm} 0.9 mg C L-1) was lower than for the large cities (1.6 to 2.3 mg C L-1) but higher than in the snowpack samples (0.26 {\textpm} 0.09 mg C L-1). Based upon radiocarbon data, it is estimated that 15 {\textpm} 6\% of Nam Co WSOC was fossil derived, increasing to 20 {\textpm} 8\% for snowpack WSOC, 29 {\textpm} 4\% for Lhasa WSOC, and 34 {\textpm} 8\% for the three cities. Transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry results revealed that the abundance of dissolved black carbon and sulfur-containing molecules of WSOC increased in the order Nam Co < snow pack < urban. The enrichment in 14C and depletion in dissolved black carbon and sulfurous organic molecules of Nam Co WSOC was suggestive of low, but still detectable inputs of fossil-derived organics to WSOC on the remote TP. Backward air mass trajectories for the precipitation events at Nam Co suggested that the fossil fuel contributions to WSOC in Nam Co region originated mainly from South Asia. This study provides novel radiocarbon age, chemistry, and source evidence that anthropogenic WSOC is delivered to the remote TP, one of the most remote regions on Earth.},
	doi = {10.1029/2017JD028181},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2017JD028181},
	author = {Li, Chaoliu and Chen, Pengfei and Kang, Shichang and Yan, Fangping and Tripathee, Lekhendra and Wu, Guangjian and Qu, Bin and Sillanp{\"a}{\"a}, Mika and Yang, Di and Dittmar, Thorsten and Stubbins, Aron and Raymond, Peter A.}
}
@article {2630,
	title = {An Investigation of Gas Exchange and Water Circulation in the Amundsen Sea Based On Dissolved Inorganic Radiocarbon},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {453},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Apr-11-2020},
	pages = {12,368 - 12,375},
	abstract = {We used radiocarbon isotope ratios in dissolved inorganic carbon to assess gas exchange and water circulation in the western Amundsen Sea. Radiocarbon isotope ratios indicate that Circumpolar Deep Water enters the basin along the seafloor and that the upper layer is formed through modification of this water mass. In the Amundsen Sea Polynya, radiocarbon isotope ratios of surface water are higher than those of underlying Winter Water, implying rapid absorption of atmospheric CO2. A CO2 absorption rate of 45mmol m(-2) d(-1) calculated for a site in the central polynya is higher than that near the Dotson Ice Shelf (28mmolm(-2) d(-1)). The turnover time of water in the Dotson Trough region of the western Amundsen Sea is estimated to be 10-30years, based on results from a box model and radiocarbon mass balance.

Plain Language Summary The western Amundsen Sea is experiencing raid physical changes including rapid glacial melting and declining sea ice cover. The suggested heat source is the intrusion of warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) along the seafloor of the Amundsen Shelf. Therefore, understanding the behavior of the intruded CDW, especially how long it stays on the shelf, is important. Physical oceanographic studies have examined the flux of CDW onto and out of the Amundsen Shelf. However, the turnover time of water in the Amundsen Sea is still poorly understood. In this paper, we use radiocarbon isotope signature from dissolved inorganic carbon to examine how rapidly atmospheric CO2 is absorbed into the Amundsen Sea Polynya and how long the water should stay in the western Amundsen Shelf to have the observed radiocarbon isotope signature. Based on our results and the current understanding of the water circulation in the western Amundsen Sea, we found that the water sits on the Amundsen Shelf for a few decades before it moves off shelf.},
	keywords = {Amundsen sea, dissolved inorganic carbon, gas exchange, radiocarbon, water circulation},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2018GL079464},
	url = {http://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\%3FDestParams\%3DUT\%253DWOS\%25253A000453250000030\%2526customersID\%253DAlerting\%2526smartRedirect\%253Dyes\%2526action\%253Dretrieve\%2526mode\%25},
	author = {Kim, Bumsoo and Lee, SangHoon and Kim, Minkyoung and Hahm, Doshik and Rhee, Tae Siek and Hwang, Jeomshik}
}
@article {2723,
	title = {Isotopic composition of sinking particles: Oil effects, recovery andbaselines in the Gulf of Mexico, 2010{\textendash}2015},
	journal = {Elem Sci Anth},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Sep-01-2018},
	pages = {43},
	abstract = {The extensive release of oil during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill in the northern Gulf of Mexico perturbed the pelagic ecosystem and associated sinking material. To gauge the recovery and post-spill baseline sources, we measured Δ14C, δ13C and δ34S of sinking particles near the spill site and at a reference site and natural seep site. Particulates were collected August 2010{\textendash}April 2016 in sediment traps moored at sites with depths of 1160{\textendash}1660 m. Near the spill site, changes in Δ14C indicated a 3-year recovery period, while δ34S indicated 1{\textendash}2 years, which agreed with estimates of 1{\textendash}2 years based on hydrocarbon composition. Under post-spill baseline conditions, carbon inputs to sinking particulates in the northern Gulf were dominated by surface marine production (80{\textendash}85\%) and riverine inputs (15{\textendash}20\%). Near the spill site, Δ14C values were depleted in October 2010 ({\textendash}140 to {\textendash}80{\textperthousand}), increasing systematically by 0.07 {\textpm} 0.02{\textperthousand} day{\textendash}1 until July 2013 when values reached {\textendash}3.2 {\textpm} 31.0{\textperthousand}. This Δ14C baseline was similar to particulates at the reference site (3.8 {\textpm} 31.1{\textperthousand}). At both sites, δ13C values stayed constant throughout the study period ({\textendash}21.9 {\textpm} 0.5{\textperthousand} and {\textendash}21.9 {\textpm} 0.9{\textperthousand}, respectively). δ34S near the spill site was depleted (7.4 {\textpm} 3.1{\textperthousand}) during October 2010{\textendash}September 2011, but enriched (16.9 {\textpm} 2.0{\textperthousand}) and similar to the reference site (16.2 {\textpm} 3.1{\textperthousand}) during November 2012{\textendash}April 2015. At the seep site, Δ14C values were {\textendash}21.7 {\textpm} 45.7{\textperthousand} except during August 2012{\textendash}January 2013 when a significant Δ14C depletion of {\textendash}109.0 {\textpm} 29.1{\textperthousand} was observed. We interpret this depletion period, also observed in δ13C data, as caused by the incorporation of naturally seeped oil into sinking particles. Determination of post-spill baselines for these isotopic signatures allows for evaluation of anthropogenic inputs in future.},
	keywords = {Deep Water Horizon Oil Spill, Gulf of Mexico, isotopes, radiocarbon, sediment trap, sinking particulates},
	doi = {10.1525/elementa.298},
	url = {https://www.elementascience.org/article/10.1525/elementa.298},
	author = {Chanton, Jeffrey P. and Giering, Sarah L. C. and Bosman, Samantha H. and Rogers, Kelsey L. and Sweet, Julia and Asper, Vernon L. and Diercks, Arne R. and Passow, Uta}
}
@article {2751,
	title = {Large-Scale Intrusion of Circumpolar Deep Water on Antarctic Margin Recorded by Stylasterid Corals},
	journal = {Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2018},
	month = {May-11-2018},
	pages = {1306 - 1321},
	abstract = {We present centennial-scale radiocarbon (14C) records archived by deep sea stylasterid corals from the outer shelf and upper slope of the Antarctic margin. These novel stylasterids (Errina spp.) were collected from the western Ross Sea shelf (500 m) and slope (1,700 m), as well as the eastern Wilkes Land shelf (670 m). We provide two corals from each region and document an abrupt reversal of 14C ages in the upper (younger) part of each coral. We test the statistical robustness of each record and demonstrate the significance of the age reversals, as well as the ability of these corals to record environmental change. We discuss a variety of possible drivers for this 14C reversal and conclude that it is most likely an encroachment of 14C-depeleted Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW). This water mass has regionally intruded onto the Antarctic margin in recent decades, facilitating loss of grounded Antarctic ice; which has implications for global sea level, deep-water formation, and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Thus, understanding the past variability of CDW on the margin is vital to better constrain climate change trajectories in the near future. We estimate large-scale encroachment of CDW onto the shelf likely commencing after 1830 CE ({\textpm}120 year). We present possible drivers for the intrusion, but highlight the need for additional chronologic constraint. This study not only demonstrates the utility of a novel coral taxon but also presents the paleoceanographic community with a testable hypothesis concerning a recent, widespread CDW intrusion.},
	issn = {2572-4517},
	doi = {10.1029/2018PA003439},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018PA003439},
	author = {King, Theresa M. and Rosenheim, Brad E. and Post, Alexandra L. and Gabris, Theresa and Burt, Taylor and Domack, Eugene W.}
}
@article {2752,
	title = {Mangrove sediment carbon stocks along an elevation gradient: Influence of the late Holocene marine regression (New Caledonia)},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {404},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-10-2018},
	pages = {60 - 70},
	abstract = {Among blue carbon ecosystems, mangroves are very efficient in storing carbon in their sediments over decadal to millennial time scales. However, this ability varies with numerous parameters, including climate and sea-level variations. In New Caledonia, mangrove ecosystems develop in semi-arid conditions with a typical zonation: Rhizophora spp. colonize the seaward side of the intertidal area, while Avicennia marina develops at higher elevations, just below the salt-flat. Within this context, we determined both the quantity (organic carbon content and carbon stocks) and the characteristics (carbon over nitrogen ratios (C/N), stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, radiocarbon age) of the organic matter stored beneath each mangrove stands. Carbon stocks were determined down to different limits with depth: approximate extension of the root systems, one-meter depth, and the hard substrate. Within the extension of the root systems, the sediment carbon stock was lower than 100 MgC ha-1 regardless of the mangrove species. This low value resulted directly from the dry climate that limits mangrove productivity. At depth beneath every zone, a buried layer enriched in mangrove-derived organic matter, with C/N values around 40 and δ13C values around -26{\textperthousand} was observed. This layer likely resulted from a sea-level high stand during the late Holocene that allowed a long period of stability of the mangrove, slowly accumulating organic matter within the sediment. In this buried layer, the carbon stock was higher than in the upper sediment and reached up to 665, 255 and 300 MgC ha-1 in the salt-flat zone, the A. marina stand and the R. spp. stand, respectively. The highest stock, determined beneath the salt-flat, was suggested to be related to a period of sea-level stability that lasted ~3000 years, whereas beneath the other zones, which are at lower elevations, mangrove colonization was more recent and the sea-level was continuously decreasing till recently. Sea-level variations, and, specifically current sea-level rise, may strongly influence mangrove development due to their migration along the tidal elevation gradient to maintain the biotic conditions needed for their development.},
	keywords = {Blue carbon, carbon isotopes, carbon sequestration, Coastal wetlands, Sea-level change, Semi-arid mangrove forest},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2018.07.005},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025322717306072},
	author = {Jacotot, Adrien and Marchand, Cyril and Rosenheim, Brad E. and Domack, Eugene W. and Allenbach, Michel}
}
@article {2855,
	title = {Paleomagnetism and rock magnetism from sediments along a continental shelf-to-slope transect in the NW Barents Sea: Implications for geomagnetic and depositional changes during the past 15 thousand years},
	journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
	volume = {160},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-01-2018},
	pages = {10 - 27},
	abstract = {Paleomagnetic and rock magnetic data were measured on glaciomarine silty-clay successions along an E-W sediment-core transect across the continental shelf and slope of the Kveithola paleo-ice stream system (south of Svalbard, north-western Barents Sea), representing a stratigraphic interval spanning the last deglaciation and the Holocene.

The records indicate that magnetite is the main magnetic mineral and that magnetic minerals are distinctly less abundant on the shelf than at the continental slope. The paleomagnetic properties allow for the reconstruction of a well-defined characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) throughout the sedimentary successions. The stratigraphic trends of rock magnetic and paleomagnetic parameters are used for a shelf-slope core correlation and sediment facies analysis is applied for depositional processes reconstruction. The new paleomagnetic records compare to the PSV and RPI variation predicted for the core sites by a simulation using the global geomagnetic field variation models SHA.DIF.14k and CALS7K.2 and closest PSV and RPI regional stack curves. The elaborated dataset, corroborated by available 14C ages, provides a fundamental chronological framework to constrain the coupling of shelf-slope sedimentary processes and environmental changes in the NW Barents Sea region during and after deglaciation.},
	keywords = {Barents Sea, Kveithola glacial trough, Paleomagnetism, Rock magnetism},
	issn = {09218181},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.11.007},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921818117303077},
	author = {Caricchi, C. and Lucchi, R.G. and Sagnotti, L. and Macr{\`I}, P. and Morigi, C. and Melis, R. and Caffau, M. and Rebesco, M. and Hanebuth, T.J.J.}
}
@article {2621,
	title = {Paleoseismic Results from the Alpine Site, Wasatch Fault Zone: Timing and Displacement Data for Six Holocene Earthquakes at the Salt Lake City{\textendash}Provo Segment Boundary},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Feb-10-2018},
	abstract = {To improve the characterization of Holocene earthquakes on the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ), we conducted light detection and ranging (lidar)-based neotectonic mapping and excavated a paleoseismic trench across an 8-m-high fault scarp near Alpine, Utah, located <1  km south of the boundary between the Salt Lake City and Provo segments (SLCS and PS). We document evidence for six paleoearthquakes (AL6{\textendash}AL1) from scarp-derived colluvial wedges and crosscutting relations. A ground-penetrating radar survey across the scarp resolved fault-zone width, but not paleoearthquake stratigraphy. Bayesian (OxCal) modeling of 13 radiocarbon and 13 optically stimulated luminescence ages indicates that six earthquakes occurred \~{}6.2{\textendash}0.4  ka. Interseismic recurrence ranges from 0.2 to 1.8 ky (mean 1.2 ky). We estimate 6.5{\textpm}0.7  m of cumulative vertical tectonic displacement across the >=14-m-wide fault zone used near-field observations of scarp-derived colluvial-wedge thicknesses, antithetic faulting, and graben backtilting. This is similar to our independent estimate of 6.5{\textpm}0.5  m using far-field observations of the offset ground surface and correlation of alluvial-fan stratigraphy across the WFZ. These results suggest that colluvial-wedge thickness at the Alpine site approximates one-half the original west-facing fault scarp height. Per-event vertical displacements range from 0.8 to 1.2 m (mean 1.1 m), which we use to estimate surface rupture lengths that may exceed 50 km from earthquakes as large as moment magnitude (Mw) \~{}7.0. The late Holocene average vertical slip rate is 0.9  mm/yr (0.7{\textendash}1.2  mm/yr range). Earthquake frequency has increased in the past \~{}1  ky, whereas displacement per event has been similar for the past \~{}6  ky, suggesting that strain accumulation is not the sole factor that controls the frequency and size of earthquakes at the SLCS{\textendash}PS segment boundary. These findings can be used for a more nuanced characterization of earthquakes at the SLCS{\textendash}PS boundary and improve earthquake hazard assessments along the Wasatch Front.},
	issn = {0037-1106},
	doi = {10.1785/0120160358},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/556954/Paleoseismic-Results-from-the-Alpine-Site-Wasatch},
	author = {Bennett, S. E. K. and DuRoss, C. B. and Gold, R. D. and Briggs, R. W. and Personius, S. F. and Reitman, N. G. and Devore, J. R. and Hiscock, A. I. and Mahan, S. A. and Gray, H. J. and Gunnarson, S. and Stephenson, W. J. and Pettinger, E. and Odum, J. K.}
}
@article {2887,
	title = {Radiocarbon dating of the old ash of Aiton, Romania},
	journal = {Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Chemia},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-10-2020},
	pages = {41 - 47},
	abstract = {The article reports the AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon investigation results of the old common ash of Aiton. Five wood samples were collected from the trunk of the tree. The deepest ends of the samples were analysed by AMS radiocarbon. We found radiocarbon dates between 165 {\textpm} 20 BP and 240 {\textpm} 18 BP, which correspond to calibrated ages of 230 {\textendash} 360 years. These results, combined with a ring counting estimate, indicate an age of 330 {\textpm} 30 years for the ash of Aiton. By this value, the ash of Aiton becomes the oldest known common ash with accurate dating results. {\textcopyright} 2018, Universitatea Babes-Bolyai, Catedra de Filosofie Sistematica. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {12247154},
	doi = {10.24193/subbchem.2018.3.03},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328588965_Radiocarbon_dating_of_the_old_ash_of_Aiton_Romania},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Patrut, Roxana T. and Rakosy, Laszlo and Ratiu, Ileana-Andreea and Lowy, Daniel A. and Bodis, Jen{\H o} and von Reden, Karl F.}
}
@article {2718,
	title = {Riverine Export of Aged Carbon Driven by Flow Path Depth and Residence Time},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jun-02-2018},
	pages = {1028 - 1035},
	abstract = {The flux of terrestrial C to rivers has increased relative to preindustrial levels, a fraction of which is aged dissolved organic C (DOC). In rivers, C is stored in sediments, exported to the ocean, or (bio)chemically processed and released as CO2. Disturbance changes land cover and hydrology, shifting potential sources and processing of DOC. To investigate the likely sources of aged DOC, we analyzed radiocarbon ages, chemical, and spectral properties of DOC and major ions from 19 rivers draining the coterminous U.S. and Arctic. DOC optics indicated that the majority is exported as aromatic, high molecular weight, modern molecules while aged DOC tended to consist of smaller, microbial degradation products. Aged DOC exports, observed regularly in arid basins and during base flow in arctic rivers, are associated with higher proportion of mineral weathering products, suggesting deeper flows paths. These patterns also indicate potential for production of microbial byproducts as DOC ages in soil and water with longer periods of time between production and transport. Thus, changes in hydrology associated with landscape alteration (e.g., tilling or shifting climates) that can result in deeper flow paths or longer residence times will likely lead to a greater proportion of aged carbon in riverine exports.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.7b0471710.1021/acs.est.7b04717.s00110.1021/acs.est.7b04717.s002},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.7b04717},
	author = {Barnes, Rebecca T. and Butman, David E. and Wilson, Henry F. and Raymond, Peter A.}
}
@article {2851,
	title = {Seafloor fluid seeps on Kimki Ridge, offshore southern California: Links to active strike-slip faulting},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {150},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-04-2018},
	pages = {82 - 91},
	abstract = {The Kimki Ridge fluid seeps are located in western Catalina Basin about 60 km southwest of the southern California mainland and at a water depth of approximately 1100 m. Multichannel seismic reflection profiles collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 2014 show acoustic transparency within the Kimki Ridge, suggesting the possibility of fluid seeps and possible sub-seafloor fluid pathways. Subsequent multibeam bathymetric and backscatter intensity data collected during a cooperative University of Washington/USGS cruise in early 2016 show subtle seafloor buildups with high acoustic backscatter (reflectivity) in three places along Kimki Ridge, supporting the existence of fluid seepage. A Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) dive, conducted as part of the Nautilus Exploration Program, took place in August 2016 to confirm the presence of these previously unknown seeps and document their characteristics as well as those of any associated biological communities. Two of the three seeps were explored by ROV, and showed abundant evidence of fluid seepage, including characteristic algal mats, chemosynthetic clams, and authigenic carbonate formation. The seeps are comprised of carbonate buildups 1{\textendash}3 m thick and 300{\textendash}500 m across. Within these areas, we interpret broad crater-like depressions 30{\textendash}50 m across and 1{\textendash}2 m deep to be individual seep vents. The seep areas appear to be broad zones of diffuse seepage that support chemosynthetic biologic communities; however, active venting was not observed. Geochemical analyses of rock samples collected from the seeps indicate microbially driven anaerobic oxidation of methane at or near the sediment water interface. Seismic-reflection profiles show chimney-like fluid pathways along the limbs and in the axis of the fold forming Kimki Ridge, and evidence of methane in shallow sediments can be traced into the adjacent Catalina Basin. A system of closely spaced faults located at the axis of the Kimki Ridge anticline may serve as pathways to allow fluid flow to the seafloor. Our data are consistent with other studies that suggest that transpression is an important component in the formation and localization of fluid seeps in a strike-slip setting, implying that seep formation may be a common occurrence at fault stepovers or transpressional bends in strike-slip systems.},
	keywords = {California Inner Continental Borderland, E/V Nautilus, Faulting, methane, Seepages},
	issn = {09670645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.11.001},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0967064517301595},
	author = {Conrad, James E. and Prouty, Nancy G. and Walton, Maureen A.L. and Kluesner, Jared W. and Maier, Katherine L. and McGann, Mary and Brothers, Daniel S. and Roland, Emily C. and Dartnell, Peter}
}
@article {2846,
	title = {Temperature variations in the southern Great Lakes during the last deglaciation: Comparison between pollen and GDGT proxies},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {182},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-02-2018},
	pages = {78 - 92},
	abstract = {Our understanding of deglacial climate history in the southern Great Lakes region of the United States is primarily based upon fossil pollen data, with few independent and multi-proxy climate reconstructions. Here we introduce a new, well-dated fossil pollen record from Stotzel-Leis, OH, and a new deglacial temperature record based on branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) at Silver Lake, OH. We compare these new data to previously published records and to a regional stack of pollen-based temperature reconstructions from Stotzel-Leis, Silver Lake, and three other well-dated sites. The new and previously published pollen records at Stotzel-Leis are similar, but our new age model brings vegetation events into closer alignment with known climatic events such as the Younger Dryas (YD). brGDGT-inferred temperatures correlate strongly with pollen-based regional temperature reconstructions, with the strongest correlation obtained for a global soil-based brGDGT calibration (r2 = 0.88), lending confidence to the deglacial reconstructions and the use of brGDGT and regional pollen stacks as paleotemperature proxies in eastern North America. However, individual pollen records show large differences in timing, rates, and amplitudes of inferred temperature change, indicating caution with paleoclimatic inferences based on single-site pollen records. From 16.0 to 10.0ka, both proxies indicate that regional temperatures rose by \~{}10 {\textdegree}C, roughly double the \~{}5 {\textdegree}C estimates for the Northern Hemisphere reported in prior syntheses. Change-point analysis of the pollen stack shows accelerated warming at 14.0 {\textpm} 1.2ka, cooling at 12.6 {\textpm} 0.4ka, and warming from 11.6 {\textpm} 0.5ka into the Holocene. The timing of B{\o}lling-Aller{\o}d (B-A) warming and YD onset in our records lag by \~{}300{\textendash}500 years those reported in syntheses of temperature records from the northern mid-latitudes. This discrepancy is too large to be attributed to uncertainties in radiocarbon dating, and correlation between pollen and brGDGT temperature reconstructions rules out vegetation lags as a cause. However, the YD termination appears synchronous among the brGDGT record, regional pollen stack, and Northern Hemisphere stack. The cause of the larger and lagged temperature changes in the southern Great Lakes relative to Northern Hemisphere averages remains unclear, but may be due to the effects of continentality and ice sheet extent on regional climate evolution.},
	keywords = {Continental biomarkers, GDGT, Lagoons and Swamps, lakes, North America, paleoclimatology, Pleistocene, pollen, sedimentology},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.12.011},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379117306467},
	author = {Watson, Benjamin I. and Williams, John W. and Russell, James M. and Jackson, Stephen T. and Shane, Linda and Lowell, Thomas V.}
}
@article {2725,
	title = {Tropical peatland carbon storage linked to global latitudinal trends in peat recalcitrance},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-12-2018},
	abstract = {Peatlands represent large terrestrial carbon banks. Given that most peat accumulates in boreal regions, where low temperatures and water saturation preserve organic matter, the existence of peat in (sub)tropical regions remains enigmatic. Here we examined peat and plant chemistry across a latitudinal transect from the Arctic to the tropics. Near-surface low-latitude peat has lower carbohydrate and greater aromatic content than near-surface high-latitude peat, creating a reduced oxidation state and resulting recalcitrance. This recalcitrance allows peat to persist in the (sub)tropics despite warm temperatures. Because we observed similar declines in carbohydrate content with depth in high-latitude peat, our data explain recent field-scale deep peat warming experiments in which catotelm (deeper) peat remained stable despite temperature increases up to 9 {\textdegree}C. We suggest that high-latitude deep peat reservoirs may be stabilized in the face of climate change by their ultimately lower carbohydrate and higher aromatic composition, similar to tropical peats.},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-06050-2},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-06050-2},
	author = {Hodgkins, Suzanne B. and Richardson, Curtis J. and Dommain, Ren{\'e} and Wang, Hongjun and Glaser, Paul H. and Verbeke, Brittany and Winkler, B. Rose and Cobb, Alexander R. and Rich, Virginia I. and Missilmani, Malak and Flanagan, Neal and Ho, Mengchi and Hoyt, Alison M. and Harvey, Charles F. and Vining, S. Rose and Hough, Moira A. and Moore, Tim R. and Richard, Pierre J. H. and De La Cruz, Florentino B. and Toufaily, Joumana and Hamdan, Rasha and Cooper, William T. and Chanton, Jeffrey P.}
}
@book {2724,
	title = {Using Stable and Radiocarbon Analyses as a Forensic Tool to Find Evidence of Oil in the Particulates of the Water Column and on the Seafloor Following the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {639 - 650},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	organization = {Elsevier},
	abstract = {Over 600 million liters of oil and copious amounts of methane were released into the Gulf of Mexico between April 20, 2010 and July 15, 2010. We used stable and radiocarbon analyses as a forensic tool to trace these hydrocarbons from the Deepwater Horizon (DwH) well into suspended particulate organic carbon (POCsusp), sinking particulate organic carbon (POCsink), and sedimentary organic carbon on the seafloor. POCsusp samples were considerably depleted both in δ13C and Δ14C relative to surface production, with δ13C and Δ14C values as low as -37.2{\textperthousand} and -618{\textperthousand}, respectively. POCsink time series data revealed a modern Δ14C value due to a large diatom bloom in early September 2010, but values became depleted as oil contaminated particles continued to descend in the water column until the end of the year. Sediment cores collected in the vicinity of the DwH wellhead revealed evidence of oil contamination in the surface layer (0{\textendash}1 cm), as indicated by a depletion in Δ14C values compared to the layers below the surface. In addition to providing evidence of oil contamination using stable and radiocarbon analyses, our study was consistent with the existence of a pathway by which spilled oil was deposited onto the seafloor.},
	keywords = {Deepwater Horizon, isotopes, methane, Petrocarbon, POCsin, POCsusp, Sediment},
	isbn = {9780128044346},
	doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-804434-6.00029-X},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B978012804434600029X},
	author = {Bosman, Samantha H. and Chanton, Jeffrey P. and Rogers, Kelsey L.}
}
@article {2873,
	title = {3000 Years of Human Subsistence and Estuarine Resource Exploitation on the Rhode River Estuary, Chesapeake Bay, Maryland},
	journal = {Journal of the North Atlantic},
	volume = {1001},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-04-2017},
	pages = {113 - 125},
	abstract = {Chesapeake Bay is home to highly productive marine ecosystems that were a key part of Native American subsistence for millennia. Despite a number of archaeological projects focused on Chesapeake Bay prehistory, key questions remain about the nature of human use of the estuary through time and across space. Recent work at 7 shell middens on the Rhode River Estuary, MD, provides insight into human subsistence and estuarine res ource exploitation from \~{}3200 years ago through the mid-19th century. This is an important diachronic sequence of coastal land use and subsistence for the Chesapeake and helps fill a gap in our understanding of coastal adaptations along North America{\textquoteright}s Atlantic Coast. Despite climate change, fluctuating sea levels, and the likely appearance of maize agriculture in the area \~{}1000 years ago, Native American exploitation of oysters and estuarine resources remained fairly consistent across the Early to Late Woodland. These data stand in contrast to the mid-1800s assemblage, which was likely deposited by 19th-century Euro-Americans and contains overall larger oysters perhaps obtained from deeper waters that may not have been a focus of Native American harvest. When placed in the context of other regional data, our analysis illustrates the value of shell middens for helping understand human subsistence strategies and the historical ecol ogy of the North American Atlantic Coast.},
	issn = {1935-1933},
	doi = {10.3721/037.002.sp1011},
	url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.3721/037.002.sp1011},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Reeder-Myers, Leslie A. and Carr, Michael J. and Hines, Anson H.}
}
@article {2840,
	title = {Aged dissolved organic carbon exported from rivers of the Tibetan Plateau},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Feb-05-2019},
	pages = {e0178166},
	abstract = {The role played by river networks in regional and global carbon cycle is receiving increasing attention. Despite the potential of radiocarbon measurements (14C) to elucidate sources and cycling of different riverine carbon pools, there remain large regions such as the climate-sensitive Tibetan Plateau for which no data are available. Here we provide new 14C data on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from three large Asian rivers (the Yellow, Yangtze and Yarlung Tsangpo Rivers) running on the Tibetan Plateau and present the carbon transportation pattern in rivers of the plateau versus other river system in the world. Despite higher discharge rates during the high flow season, the DOC yield of Tibetan Plateau rivers (0.41 gC m-2 yr-1) was lower than most other rivers due to lower concentrations. Radiocarbon ages of the DOC were older/more depleted (511{\textpm}294 years before present, yr BP) in the Tibetan rivers than those in Arctic and tropical rivers. A positive correlation between radiocarbon age and permafrost watershed coverage was observed, indicating that 14C-deplted/old carbon is exported from permafrost regions of the Tibetan Plateau during periods of high flow. This is in sharp contrast to permafrost regions of the Arctic which export 14C-enriched carbon during high discharge periods.},
	keywords = {Carbon cycle, Carbon dioxide, Climate change, Rain, Rivers, Surface water, Tibetan people, TIBETAN PLATEAU},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0178166},
	url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178166},
	author = {Qu, Bin and Sillanp{\"a}{\"a}, Mika and Li, Chaoliu and Kang, Shichang and Stubbins, Aron and Yan, Fangping and Aho, Kelly Sue and Zhou, Feng and Raymond, Peter A.},
	editor = {Lin, Senjie}
}
@article {1284,
	title = { Allochthonous sources and dynamic cycling of ocean dissolved organic carbon revealed by carbon isotopes},
	journal = {GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2017},
	month = {03/2017},
	pages = {2407-2415},
	abstract = {We present concentration and isotopic profiles of total, size, and polarity fractionated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from Station ALOHA (A Long-term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment), an oligotrophic site in the North Pacific Ocean. The data show that, between the surface and 3500 m, low molecular weight (LMW) hydrophilic DOC, LMW hydrophobic DOC, and high molecular weight (HMW) DOC constitute 22-33\%, 45-52\%, and 23-35\% of DOC, respectively. LMW hydrophilic DOC is more isotopically depleted (delta C-13 of -23.9 parts per thousand to -31.5 parts per thousand and Delta C-14 of -304 parts per thousand to -795 parts per thousand; mean age of 2850 to 15000 years) than the LMW hydrophobic DOC (delta C-13 of -22 parts per thousand to -23 parts per thousand and Delta C-14 of -270 parts per thousand to -568 parts per thousand; 2470 to 6680 years) and HMW DOC (delta C-13 of similar to-21 parts per thousand and Delta C-14 of -24 parts per thousand to -294 parts per thousand; 135-2700 years). Our analyses suggest that a large fraction of DOC may be derived from allochthonous sources such as terrestrial and hydrothermal DOC and cycle on much longer time scales of > 10000 years or enter the ocean as preaged carbon.},
	keywords = {ATLANTIC BIGHT, BLACK CARBON, C-14, HUMIC SUBSTANCES, MATTER, NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN, RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS, SARGASSO SEA, SEAWATER, SPECTROMETRY},
	doi = {10.1002/2016GL071348},
	author = {Zigah, Prosper K. and McNichol, Ann P. and Xu, Li and Johnson, Carl and Santinelli, Chiara and Karl, David M. and Repeta, Daniel J.}
}
@article {1093,
	title = {Assessing the Blank Carbon Contribution, Isotope Mass Balance, and Kinetic Isotope Fractionation of the Ramped Pyrolysis/Oxidation Instrument at NOSAMS},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {59223{\textendash}22493970409},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-02-2017},
	pages = {179 - 193},
	abstract = {We estimate the blank carbon mass over the course of a typical Ramped PyrOx (RPO) analysis (150-1000 degrees C; 5 degrees C x min(-1)) to be (3.7 +/- 0.6) mu g C with an Fm value of 0.555 +/- 0.042 and a delta C-13 value of (-29.0 +/- 0.1)parts per thousand VPDB. Additionally, we provide equations for RPO Fm and delta C-13 blank corrections, including associated error propagation. By comparing RPO mass-weighted mean and independently measured bulk delta C-13 values for a compilation of environmental samples and standard reference materials (SRMs), we observe a small yet consistent delta C-13 depletion within the RPO instrument (mean-bulk: mu = -0.8 parts per thousand; +/- 1 sigma = 0.9 parts per thousand; n = 66). In contrast, because they are fractionation-corrected by definition, mass-weighted mean Fm values accurately match bulk measurements (mean-bulk: mu = 0.005; +/- 1 sigma = 0.014; n = 36). Lastly, we show there exists no significant intra-sample delta C-13 variability across carbonate SRM peaks, indicating minimal mass-dependent kinetic isotope fractionation during RPO analysis. These data are best explained by a difference in activation energy between C-13- and C-12-containing compounds ((13-12)Delta E) of 0.3-1.8 J x mol(-1), indicating that blank and mass-balance corrected RPO delta C-13 values accurately retain carbon source isotope signals to within 1-2 parts per thousand.},
	keywords = {Ramped PyrOx; blank assessment; kinetic fractionation},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2017.3},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822217000030/type/journal_article},
	author = {Hemingway, Jordon D and Galy, Valier V and Gagnon, Alan R and Grant, Katherine E and Rosengard, Sarah Z and Soulet, Guillaume and Zigah, Prosper K and McNichol, Ann P}
}
@article {Kim201733,
	title = {Biogeochemical properties of sinking particles in the southwestern part of the East Sea (Japan Sea)},
	journal = {Journal of Marine Systems},
	volume = {167},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {33 - 42},
	abstract = {Abstract This study investigates the biological pump system in the East Sea (Japan Sea) by conducting an analysis of the total particle flux, biogenic material composition, and carbon isotope ratios of sinking particles. The samples were collected for one year starting from March 2011 using time-series sediment traps deployed at depths of 1040 m and 2280 m on bottom-tethered mooring at Station \{EC1\} (37.33{\textdegree}N, 131.45{\textdegree}E; 2300 m water depth) in the Ulleung Basin (UB), southwestern part of the East Sea. The temporal variation in the particulate organic carbon (POC) flux at 1000 m shows a good relationship with the primary production in the corresponding surface water. The ratio of \{POC\} flux at 1000 m to satellite-based primary production in the corresponding region in the \{UB\} was ~ 3\%, which is comparable to the values of 2 to 5\% estimated from previous studies of other part of the East Sea. The lithogenic material accounted for \&gt; 17\% of the sinking particles at 1000 m and for a larger fraction of 40 to 60\% at 2280 m. The radiocarbon contents of the sinking \{POC\} at both trap depths imply the additional supply of aged POC, with a much greater contribution at 2280 m. Overall, the particle flux in the deep interior of the East Sea appears to be controlled by the supply of complex sources, including aeolian input, the lateral supply of resuspended sediments, and biological production in the surface water.},
	keywords = {East Sea (Japan Sea)},
	issn = {0924-7963},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.11.001},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924796316303608},
	author = {Minkyoung Kim and Jeomshik Hwang and TaeKeun Rho and Tongsup Lee and Dong-Jin Kang and Kyung-Il Chang and Suyun Noh and HuiTae Joo and Jung Hyun Kwak and Chang-Keun Kang and Kyung-Ryul Kim}
}
@article {2465,
	title = {Carbon isotope-constrained seasonality of carbonaceous aerosol sources from an urban location (Kanpur) in the Indo-Gangetic Plain},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
	volume = {122},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Apr-05-2018},
	pages = {4903 - 4923},
	abstract = {The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) in northern India, Pakistan and Bangladesh is a major source of carbonaceous aerosols in South Asia. However, poorly constrained seasonality of their sources over the IGP leads to large uncertainty in climate and health effects. Here, we present a first dataset for year-round radiocarbon (Δ14C) and stable carbon (δ13C) based source apportionment of total carbon (TC) in ambient PM10 (n = 17) collected from an urban site (Kanpur: 26.5 {\textdegree}N, 80.3 {\textdegree}E) in the IGP during January 2007-January 2008. The year-round 14C-based fraction biomass (fbio-TC) estimate at Kanpur averages ~77 {\textpm} 7\%, emphasize an impact of biomass burning emissions (BBEs). The highest fbio-TC(\%) is observed in fall season (October-November: 85 {\textpm} 6\%) followed by winter (December-February: 80 {\textpm} 4\%) and spring (March-May: 75 {\textpm} 8\%), while lowest values found in summer (June-September: 69 {\textpm} 2\%). Since biomass/coal combustion and vehicular emissions mostly contribute to carbonaceous aerosols over the IGP, we predict δ13CTC (δ13Cpred) over Kanpur using known δ13C source signatures and the measured Δ14C value of each sample. The seasonal variability of δ13Cobs - δ13Cpred versus Δ14CTC together with air mass back trajectories and MODIS fire count data reveal that carbonaceous aerosols in winter/fall are significantly influenced by atmospheric aging (downwind transport of crop-residue burning/wood combustion emissions in the northern IGP), while local sources (wheat residue combustion/vehicular emissions) dominate in spring/summer. Given the large temporal and seasonal variability in sources and emission strength of TC over the IGP, 14C-based constraints are, thus, crucial for reducing their uncertainties in carbonaceous aerosol budgets in climate models. 

Carbon isotope-constrained seasonality of carbonaceous aerosol sources from an urban location (Kanpur) in the Indo-Gangetic Plain: 14Capportionment of carbonaceous aerosol. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315970418_Carbon_isotope-constrained_seasonality_of_carbonaceous_aerosol_sources_from_an_urban_location_Kanpur_in_the_Indo-Gangetic_Plain_14Capportionment_of_carbonaceous_aerosol [accessed Jun 2, 2017].},
	doi = {10.1002/2016JD025634},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgrd.v122.9http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016JD025634http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/2016JD025634/fullpdfhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2F2016JD025634},
	author = {Bikkina, Srinivas and Andersson, August and Ram, Kirpa and Sarin, M. M. and Sheesley, Rebecca J. and Kirillova, Elena N. and Rengarajan, R. and Sudheer, A. K. and Gustafsson, {\"O}rjan}
}
@article {2531,
	title = {Compilation of geophysical, geochronological, and geochemical evidence indicates a rapid Mediterranean-derived submergence of the Black Sea{\textquoteright}s shelf and subsequent substantial salinification in the early Holocene},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {383},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-01-2017},
	pages = {14 - 34},
	abstract = {Our knowledge of rate and processes in which semi-enclosed environments alternate from lacustrine to marine is commonly limited because of the paucity of specific proxies for sea level and salinity. Here we investigate the timing, rate, and key mechanisms involved in the transformation of the previously isolated Black Sea-Lake to the modern partly-enclosed marine sea using a suite of geophysical, geochemical, and geochronological methods.

Cores were collected in transects across shelves of Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, and Turkey. Biogenic carbonate from these cores was analyzed for radiocarbon and strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotopes. Strontium results indicate that the submergence of the Black Sea shelf at 9300 calendar years BP was caused by the ingress of Mediterranean water and was abrupt, taking < 40 years. The seismic reflection profiles show a uniform drape of subsequent sediment over aeolian dunes indicating a drowning with no time for erosion accompanying the submergence. Moisture measurements beneath the uniform drape indicate that the shelf was dry before submergence and the shoreline of the Preboreal lake may have regressed to beyond 120 mbsl. Mollusks colonized the newly submerged substrate of the inner shelf at the same time as they colonized the outer shelf. The succession of mollusk species with shells whose strontium isotope composition has a marine component indicates a rising salinity. The transformation of the lake to a sea is affirmed by increases in the shells{\textquoteright} strontium and oxygen isotopic ratios towards the external ocean value.

Radiocarbon years are calibrated to calendar years by tuning the oxygen and carbon isotope composition of the mollusk record to that of the U/Th dated Sofular Cave stalagmites. The match shows a reduction of the lake{\textquoteright}s prior high reservoir age accompanying the inflow of the Mediterranean water. In 900 years the salinity reached a threshold that excluded all previous Black Sea lacustrine fauna. These results imply that any substantial postglacial submergence of the Black Sea shelves did not occur prior to entry of Mediterranean water.},
	keywords = {Black Sea, Black Sea transgression, Isotope geochemistry, Lake transgression, Marine-lake connections, paleoceanography, paleosalinity, Reflection profiles},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2016.11.001},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.11.001},
	author = {Yanchilina, Anastasia G. and Ryan, William B.F. and McManus, Jerry F. and Dimitrov, Petko and Dimitrov, Dimitar and Slavova, Krasimira and Filipova-Marinova, Mariana}
}
@article {2815,
	title = {The distribution and utility of sea-level indicators in Eurasian sub-Arctic salt marshes (White Sea, Russia)},
	journal = {Boreas},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-07-2017},
	pages = {562 - 584},
	abstract = {In support of efforts to reconstruct relative sea level (RSL), we investigated the utility of foraminifera, diatoms and bulk-sediment geochemistry (δ13C, C:N and parameters measured by Rock-Eval pyrolysis) as sea-level indicators in Eurasian sub-Arctic salt marshes. At three salt marshes (<15 km apart) in Dvina Bay (White Sea, Russia), we collected surface sediment samples along transects from subtidal to Taiga forest environments. Foraminifera at all sites formed bipartite assemblages, where elevations below mean high higher water (MHHW) were dominated by Miliammina spp. and elevations between MHHW and the highest occurrence of foraminifera were dominated by Jadammina macrescens and Balticammina pseudomacrescens. Five high-diversity groups of diatoms were identified and they displayed pronounced variability amongst the study sites. Bulk-sediment geochemistry recognized two groups (clastic-dominated environments below MHHW and organic-rich environments above MHHW). As one group included subtidal elevations and the other included supratidal elevations, we conclude that the measured geochemical parameters are not stand-alone sea-level indicators. Core JT2012 captured a regressive sediment succession of clastic, tidal-flat sediment overlain by salt-marsh organic silt and freshwater peat. The salt-marsh sediment accumulated at 2804{\textpm}52 years before present and preserved foraminifera (Jadammina macrescens and Balticammina pseudomacrescens) with good analogy to modern assemblages indicating that RSL was +2.60{\textpm}0.47 m at this time. Diatoms confirm that marine influence decreased through time, but the lack of analogy between modern and core assemblages limited their utility as sea-level indicators. Geochemical parameters also indicate a reduction in marine influence through time. We conclude that RSL reconstructions derived from salt-marsh sediment preserved beneath Eurasian sub-Arctic peatlands can provide valuable insight into the spatio-temporal evolution of the Fennoscandian and Eurasian ice sheets.},
	doi = {10.1111/bor.2017.46.issue-310.1111/bor.12233},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bor.12233},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Nikitina, Daria and Vane, Christopher H. and Potapova, Marina and Weber-Bruya, Elizabeth and Culver, Stephen J. and Repkina, Tatyana and Hill, David F.}
}
@article {2827,
	title = {Equilibrium line altitudes along the Andes during the Last millennium: Paleoclimatic implications},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Feb-07-2018},
	pages = {1019 - 1033},
	abstract = {Deciphering the climate changes that influenced the glacial fluctuations of the last millennium requires documenting the spatial and temporal patterns of these glacial events. Here, we estimate the change in equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) between the most prominent glacial advance of the last millennium and the present for four alpine glaciers located in different climatic regimes along the Andes. For each glacier, we reconstruct scenarios of climatic conditions (temperature and precipitation anomalies) that accommodate the observed ELA changes. We focus on the following glaciers: an alpine glacier in the Cordillera Vilcanota (13{\textdegree}S), Tapado glacier (30{\textdegree}S), Cipreses glacier (34{\textdegree}S), and Tranquilo glacier (47{\textdegree}S). Our results show that the range of possible temperature and precipitation anomalies that accommodate the observed ELA changes overlap significantly at three of the four sites (i.e. Vilcanota, Cipreses, and Tranquilo). Only Tapado glacier exhibits a set of climate anomalies that differs from the other three sites. Assuming no change in precipitation, the estimated ELA changes require a cooling of at least 0.7{\textdegree}C in the Cordillera Vilcanota, 1.0{\textdegree}C at Tapado glacier, 0.6{\textdegree}C at Cipreses glacier, and 0.7{\textdegree}C at Tranquilo glacier. Conversely, assuming no change in temperature, the estimated ELA changes are explained by increases in precipitation exceeding 0.52 m yr-1 (64\% of the annual precipitation) in the Cordillera Vilcanota, 0.31 m yr-1 (89\%) at Tapado glacier, 0.22 m yr-1 (27\%) at Cipreses glacier, and 0.3 m yr-1 (27\%) at Tranquilo glacier. By mapping the ELA changes and modeling the potential climate forcing across diverse climate settings, we aim to contribute toward documenting the spatial variability of climate conditions during the last millennium, a key step to decipher the mechanisms underlying the glacial fluctuation that occurred during this period.},
	keywords = {Andes, equilibrium line altitude, glacial fluctuations, glacial reconstruction, Holocene, last millennium},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683616678458},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683616678458},
	author = {Sagredo, Esteban A and Lowell, Thomas V and Kelly, Meredith A and Rupper, Summer and Aravena, Juan Carlos and Ward, Dylan J and Malone, Andrew GO}
}
@article {2571,
	title = {Evidence for coseismic subsidence events in a southern California coastal saltmarsh},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Aug-03-2018},
	pages = {44615},
	abstract = {Paleoenvironmental records from a southern California coastal saltmarsh reveal evidence for repeated late Holocene coseismic subsidence events. Field analysis of sediment gouge cores established discrete lithostratigraphic units extend across the wetland. Detailed sediment analyses reveal abrupt changes in lithology, percent total organic matter, grain size, and magnetic susceptibility. Microfossil analyses indicate that predominantly freshwater deposits bury relic intertidal deposits at three distinct depths. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the three burial events occurred in the last 2000 calendar years. Two of the three events are contemporaneous with large-magnitude paleoearthquakes along the Newport-Inglewood/Rose Canyon fault system. From these data, we infer that during large magnitude earthquakes a step-over along the fault zone results in the vertical displacement of an approximately 5-km2 area that is consistent with the footprint of an estuary identified in pre-development maps. These findings provide insight on the evolution of the saltmarsh, coseismic deformation and earthquake recurrence in a wide area of southern California, and sensitive habitat already threatened by eustatic sea level rise.},
	keywords = {Geomorphology, Natural hazards, Structural geology, tectonics},
	doi = {10.1038/srep44615},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/srep44615},
	author = {Leeper, Robert and Rhodes, Brady and Kirby, Matthew and Scharer, Katherine and Carlin, Joseph and Hemphill-Haley, Eileen and Avnaim-Katav, Simona and MacDonald, Glen and Starratt, Scott and Aranda, Angela}
}
@article {2697,
	title = {The experimental flow to the Colorado River delta: Effects on carbon mobilization in a dry watercourse},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {122},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-03-2017},
	pages = {607 - 627},
	abstract = {Here we report on the effects of an experimental flood on the carbon cycling dynamics in the dry watercourse of the Colorado River in Mexico. We observed post-flood differences in the degree of decay, age, and concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), as well as dissolved CH4 and CO2 concentrations throughout the study site. Our results indicate that this flooded waterway was a limited source of CH4 and CO2 to the atmosphere during the event and that DOC age increased with time of flooding. Based on our findings, we suggest that the interplay between storage and mobilization of carbon and greenhouse gases in arid and semiarid regions is potentially sensitive to changing climate conditions, particularly hydrologic variability. Changes in the radiocarbon age of DOC throughout the flooding event suggest that organic matter (OM) that had been stored for long periods (e.g., millennial) was mobilized by the flooding event along with CO2. The OM residing in the dry riverbed that was mobilized into floodwaters had a signature reflective of degraded vascular plant OM and microbial biomass. Whether this microbial OM was living or dead, our findings support previous work in soils and natural waters showing that microbial OM can remain stable and stored in ecosystems for long time periods. As human appropriation of water resources continues to increase, the episodic drying and rewetting of once natural riverbeds and deltas may fundamentally alter the processing and storage of carbon in such systems.},
	keywords = {carbon cycling, Colorado River, dry watercourse, flooding, greenhouse gases, mobilization},
	doi = {10.1002/2016JG003555},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JG003555},
	author = {Bianchi, Thomas S. and Butman, David and Raymond, Peter A. and Ward, Nicholas D. and Kates, Rory J. S. and Flessa, Karl W. and Zamora, Hector and Arellano, Ana R. and Ramirez, Jorge and Rodriguez, Eliana}
}
@article {Kemp201713,
	title = {Extended late Holocene relative sea-level histories for North Carolina, \{USA\}},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {160},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {13 - 30},
	abstract = {Abstract We produced \~{}3000-year long relative sea-level (RSL) histories for two sites in North Carolina (USA) using foraminifera preserved in new and existing cores of dated salt-marsh sediment. At Cedar Island, \{RSL\} rose by \~{}2.4~m during the past \~{}3000 years compared to \~{}3.3~m~at Roanoke Island. This spatial difference arises primarily from differential \{GIA\} that caused late Holocene \{RSL\} rise to be 0.1{\textendash}0.2~mm/yr faster at Roanoke Island than at Cedar Island. However, a non-linear difference in \{RSL\} between the two study regions (particularly from \~{}0 \{CE\} to \~{}1250 CE) indicates that additional local- to regional-scale processes drove centennial-scale \{RSL\} change in North Carolina. Therefore, the Cedar Island and Roanoke Island records should be considered as independent of one another. Between-site differences on sub-millennial timescales cannot be adequately explained by non-stationary tides, sediment compaction, or local sediment dynamics. We propose that a period of accelerating \{RSL\} rise from \~{}600 \{CE\} to 1100 \{CE\} that is present at Roanoke Island (and other sites north of Cape Hatteras at least as far as Connecticut), but absent at Cedar Island (and other sites south of Cape Hatteras at least as far as northeastern Florida) is a local-to regional-scale effect of dynamic ocean and/or atmospheric circulation.},
	keywords = {Salt marsh},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.012},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379116304759},
	author = {Andrew C. Kemp and Jessica J. Kegel and Stephen J. Culver and Donald C. Barber and David J. Mallinson and Eduardo Leorri and Christopher E. Bernhardt and Niamh Cahill and Stanley R. Riggs and Anna L. Woodson and Ryan P. Mulligan and Benjamin P. Horton}
}
@article {2507,
	title = {Extreme waves in the British Virgin Islands during the last centuries before 1500 CE},
	journal = {Geosphere},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jul-04-2019},
	pages = {301 - 368},
	abstract = {Extraordinary marine inundation scattered clasts southward on the island of Anegada, 120 km south of the Puerto Rico Trench, sometime between 1200 and 1480 calibrated years (cal yr) CE. Many of these clasts were likely derived from a fringing reef and from the sandy flat that separates the reef from the island{\textquoteright}s north shore. The scattered clasts include no fewer than 200 coral boulders, mapped herein for the first time and mainly found hundreds of meters inland. Many of these are complete colonies of the brain coral Diploria strigosa. Other coral species represented include Orbicella (formerly Montastraea) annu-laris, Porites astreoides, and Acropora palmata. Associated bioclastic carbonate sand locally contains articulated cobble-size valves of the lucine Codakia orbicularis and entire conch shells of Strombus gigas, mollusks that still inhabit the sandy shallows between the island{\textquoteright}s north shore and a fringing reef beyond. italicmbricated limestone slabs are clustered near some of the coral boulders. In addition, fields of scattered limestone boulders and cobbles near sea level extend mainly southward from limestone sources as much as 1 km inland. Radiocarbon ages have been obtained from 27 coral clasts, 8 lucine valves, and 3 conch shells. All these additional ages predate 1500 cal yr CE, all but 2 are in the range 1000{\textendash}1500 cal yr CE, and 16 of 22 brain coral ages cluster in the range 1200{\textendash}1480 cal yr CE. The event marked by these coral and mollusk clasts likely occurred in the last centuries before Columbus (before 1492 CE).

The pre-Columbian deposits surpass Anegada{\textquoteright}s previously reported evidence for extreme waves in post-Columbian time. The coarsest of the modern storm deposits consist of coral rubble that lines the north shore and sandy fans on the south shore; neither of these storm deposits extends more than 50 m inland. More extensive overwash, perhaps by the 1755 Lisbon tsunami, is marked primarily by a sheet of sand and shells found mainly below sea level beneath the floors of modern salt ponds. This sheet extends more than 1 km southward from the north shore and dates to the interval 1650{\textendash}1800 cal yr CE. Unlike the pre-Columbian deposits, it lacks coarse clasts from the reef or reef flat; its shell assemblage is instead dominated by cerithid gastropods that were merely stirred up from a marine pond in the island{\textquoteright}s interior.

In their inland extent and clustered pre-Columbian ages, the coral clasts and associated deposits suggest extreme waves unrivaled in recent millennia at Anegada. Bioclastic sand coats limestone 4 m above sea level in areas 0.7 and 1.3 km from the north shore. A coral boulder of nearly 1 m3 is 3 km from the north shore by way of an unvegetated path near sea level. As currently understood, the extreme flooding evidenced by these and other clasts represents either an extraordinary storm or a tsunami of nearby origin. The storm would need to have produced tsunami-like bores similar to those of 2013 Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. Normal faults and a thrust fault provide nearby tsunami sources along the eastern Puerto Rico Trench. },
	issn = {1553-040X},
	doi = {10.1130/GES01356.110.1130/GES01356.S110.1130/GES01356.S2},
	url = {http://geosphere.gsapubs.org/lookup/doi/10.1130/GES01356.1},
	author = {Atwater, Brian F. and ten Brink, Uri S. and Cescon, Anna Lisa and Feuillet, Nathalie and Fuentes, Zamara and Halley, Robert B. and {\~n}ez, Carlos and Reinhardt, Eduard G. and Roger, Jean H. and Sawai, Yuki and Spiske, Michaela and Tuttle, Martitia P. and Wei, Yong and Weil-Accardo, Jennifer}
}
@article {2885,
	title = {Final Radiocarbon Investigation of Platland Tree, the Biggest African Baobab},
	journal = {Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Chemia},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Apr-06-2018},
	pages = {347 - 354},
	abstract = {The article discloses the main results of our new investigation of Platland tree, a.k.a. Sunland baobab, the largest known African baobab. Our recent research was motivated by the three successive splits of 2016 and 2017, which determined the collapse and demise of the stems that have built the main unit of the tree. According to our new findings concerning the architecture of large and old baobabs, we established that Platland tree has a double closed-ring shaped structure and consists of two units/rings that close two separate false cavities. The larger unit was composed of five fused stems, out of which four toppled and died, while the fifth stem is already broken. The smaller unit, which is still standing, consists of three fused stems. We also determined that the larger unit had an age of 800 yr, while the smaller unit is 1100 yr old.},
	issn = {12247154},
	doi = {10.24193/subbchem.2017.2.27},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318354222_Final_Radiocarbon_Investigation_of_Platland_Tree_the_Biggest_African_Baobab},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Woodborne, Stephan and Patrut, Roxana T. and Rakosy, Laszlo and Hall, Grant and Ratiu, Ileana-Andreea and von Reden, Karl F.}
}
@article {2580,
	title = {Grounding line proximal sediment characteristics at a marine-based, late-stage ice stream margin},
	journal = {Journal of Quaternary Science},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-05-2017},
	pages = {463 - 474},
	abstract = {Geomorphological evidence suggests that ice streams undergo frequent dynamic changes towards the end of their life cycles, but the associated sedimentary characteristics and processes remain poorly understood. Here, we present new sedimentological data from a Late Weichselian marine-based ice stream in upper Bj{\o}rn{\o}yrenna, northern Barents Sea, which experienced accelerated flow, intense calving of large icebergs, ice stream stagnation, ice shelf formation and disintegration. Observed till characteristics support the idea of spatially and temporally variable basal drag underneath ice streams. In addition, fast flow may have been accommodated in dilatant deforming till as well as through basal sliding over sticky spots of stiffer till. The grounding zone is shown to be highly transient and spatially variable during the final ice stream readvances, thus making the categories subglacial/proglacial of little value. In line with previous radiocarbon dates, we find that uppermost Bj{\o}rn{\o}yrenna was deglaciated before \~{}11.3{\textendash}12.0k cal a BP. Finally, the provenances for the latest ice stream advance and an older ice flow event are inferred based on a novel way of using element geochemistry, helping define ice dome configuration in the northern Barents Sea.},
	doi = {10.1002/jqs.v32.410.1002/jqs.2939},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jqs.2939},
	author = {R?ther, Denise Christina and Winsborrow, Monica and Andreassen, Karin and Forwick, Matthias}
}
@article {2450,
	title = {The Growth Stop Phenomenon Of Baobabs (Adansonia Spp.) Identified By Radiocarbon DatingAbstract},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {59504754164661},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-04-2017},
	pages = {435 - 448},
	abstract = {The article reports the growth stop phenomenon, which was documented only for baobabs, i.e. for trees belonging to the Adansonia genus. The identification of growth stop was enabled by radiocarbon dating, which allows a complex investigation of samples collected from the trunk/stems of baobabs. In several cases, the outermost rings of baobabs, which were close to the bark, were found to be old, with ages of several hundreds of years, instead of being very young. Dating results of samples collected from six baobabs are presented. For multistemmed baobabs, the growth stop may occur only for one or several stems. We identified four factors that may induce the growth stop: (i) stress determined by severe climate conditions, (ii) old age, (iii) the need to keep a stable internal architecture, and (iv) the collapse of stems that survive this trauma. Baobabs and their stems affected by growth stop may survive for several centuries, by continuing to produce leaves, flowers, and fruits. This phenomenon was associated with the capacity of baobabs to store large amounts of water in their trunks/stems in the rainy season. This reservoir of water is used during the dry season and allows the trees to survive prolonged drought periods.},
	keywords = {Age determination, AMS, growth stop, Radiocarbon dating, tropical trees},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2016.92},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822216000928/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033822216000928},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Woodborne, Stephan and von Reden, Karl F and Hall, Grant and Patrut, Roxana T and Rakosy, Laszlo and Danthu, Pascal and Pock-Tsy, Jean-Michel Leong and Lowy, Daniel A and Margineanu, Dragos}
}
@article {2748,
	title = {Influence of the megathrust earthquake cycle on upper-plate deformation in the Cascadia forearc of Washington State, USA},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-11-2017},
	pages = {1051 - 1054},
	abstract = {The influence of subduction zone earthquake cycle processes on permanent forearc deformation is poorly understood. In the Cascadia subduction zone forearc of Washington State, USA, deformed and incised fluvial terraces serve as archives of longer-term (103{\textendash}104 yr) strain manifest as both fluvial incision and slip on upper-plate faults. We focus on comparing these geomorphic records in the Wynoochee River valley in the southern Olympic Mountains with short-term (101 yr) deformation driven by interseismic subduction zone coupling. We use optically stimulated luminescence dating and high-resolution elevation data to characterize strath terrace incision and differential uplift across the Canyon River fault, which cuts Wynoochee River terraces. This analysis demonstrates reverse slip rates of \~{}0.1{\textendash}0.3 mm/yr over the past \~{}12{\textendash}37 k.y., which agree with rates predicted by a GPS-constrained boundary element model of interseismic stress from Cascadia subduction zone coupling. Similarly, model-predicted patterns of interseismic uplift mimic the overall pattern of incision in the lower Wynoochee River valley, as revealed by strath elevations dated at 14.1 {\textpm} 1.2 ka. Agreement between modeled short-term and observed long-term records of forearc strain suggests that interseismic stress drives slip on upper-plate faults and fluvial incision in Cascadia. Consistency over multiple time scales may indicate relative stability in spatial patterns of subduction zone coupling over at least \~{}104 yr intervals.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G39070.110.1130/2017323},
	url = {https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/geology_facpub/523/},
	author = {Delano, Jaime E. and Amos, Colin B. and Loveless, John P. and Rittenour, Tammy M. and Sherrod, Brian L. and Lynch, Emerson M.}
}
@article {MilHomens2017473,
	title = {Insights of Pb isotopic signature into the historical evolution and sources of Pb contamination in a sediment core of the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {586},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {473 - 484},
	abstract = {Abstract Stable Pb isotopic ratios and concentrations of Al, Cu and Pb were measured in a 5 m long sediment core (VC2B) retrieved at 96 m water depth in the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf. Five phases during the last 9.5 kyrs were identified, two of them (Roman Period and modern mining) marked by a decrease of 206Pb/207Pb ratios reflecting additional inputs of Pb derived from mining activities. The Roman Period was also characterized by high 208Pb/206Pb ratios suggesting the exploitation of the outcropping portion of the orebody intensely weathered when compared with the other formations later mined. The shift of 208Pb/206Pb ratios towards linearity took approximately 1.0 kyrs, which may mirror the time of environmental recovery from the impact of Roman mining activities. The application of a mixing model allowed the quantification of the contribution associated with anthropogenic mining activities to the shelf sediments. The maximum values of Pb contamination occurred in the 20th century. This study gives direct evidence of Pb and Cu exploitation over the last 2000 years. The stable Pb isotopic signatures point to legacy of mining activities that are still the prevailing metal source recorded in the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf sediments.},
	keywords = {Environment recovery},
	issn = {0048-9697},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.204},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969717302218},
	author = {M{\'a}rio Mil-Homens and Carlos Vale and Pedro Brito and Filipa Naughton and Teresa Drago and Joana Raimundo and B{\'a}rbara Anes and Sabine Schmidt and Miguel Caetano}
}
@article {2449,
	title = {Insights of Pb isotopic signature into the historical evolution and sources of Pb contamination in a sediment core of the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {586},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-05-2017},
	pages = {473 - 484},
	abstract = {Stable Pb isotopic ratios and concentrations of Al, Cu and Pb were measured in a 5 m long sediment core (VC2B) retrieved at 96 m water depth in the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf. Five phases during the last 9.5 kyrs were identified, two of them (Roman Period and modern mining) marked by a decrease of Pb-206/Pb-207 ratios reflecting additional inputs of Pb derived from mining activities. The Roman Period was also characterized by high Pb-208/Pb-206 ratios suggesting the exploitation of the outcropping portion of the orebody intensely weathered when compared with the other formations later mined. The shift of Pb-208/Pb-206 ratios towards linearity took approximately 1.0 kyrs, which may mirror the time of environmental recovery from the impact of Roman mining activities. The application of a mixing model allowed the quantification of the contribution associated with anthropogenic mining activities to the shelf sediments. The maximum values of Pb contamination occurred in the 20th century. This study gives direct evidence of Pb and Cu exploitation over the last 2000 years. The stable Pb isotopic signatures point to legacy of mining activities that are still the prevailing metal source recorded in the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf sediments.},
	keywords = {Environment recovery, Marine sediments, Pb isotopes, Roman and modem mining activities, Southwestern Iberian shelf, Temporal evolution},
	issn = {0048-9697},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.204},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969717302218http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0048969717302218?httpAccept=text/plainhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0048969717302218?httpAccept=text/xml},
	author = {Mil-Homens, {\'a}rio and Vale, Carlos and Brito, Pedro and Naughton, Filipa and Drago, Teresa and Raimundo, Joana and Anes, {\'a}rbara and Schmidt, Sabine and Caetano, Miguel}
}
@article {2865,
	title = {Open-File ReportOpen-File ReportDeepwater Program: Lophelia II, continuing ecological research on deep-sea corals and deep-reef habitats in the Gulf of Mexico},
	year = {2017},
	abstract = {The deep sea is a rich environment composed of diverse habitat types. While deep-sea coral habitats have been discovered within each ocean basin, knowledge about the ecology of these habitats and associated inhabitants continues to grow. This report presents information and results from the Lophelia II project that examined deep-sea coral habitats in the Gulf of Mexico. The Lophelia II project focused on Lophelia pertusa habitats along the continental slope, at depths ranging from 300 to 1,000 meters. The chapters are authored by several scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, University of North Carolina Wilmington, and Florida State University who examined the community ecology (from microbes to fishes), deep-sea coral age, growth, and reproduction, and population connectivity of deep-sea corals and inhabitants. Data from these studies are presented in the chapters and appendixes of the report as well as in journal publications. This study was conducted by the Ecosystems Mission Area of the U.S. Geological Survey to meet information needs identified by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management.},
	doi = {10.3133/ofr20171139},
	url = {http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20171139},
	author = {Demopoulos, Amanda W.J. and Ross, Steve W. and Kellogg, Christina A. and Morrison, Cheryl L. and Nizinski, Martha S. and Prouty, Nancy G. and Bourque, Jill R. and Galkiewicz, Julie P. and Gray, Michael A. and Springmann, Marcus J. and Coykendall, D. Katharine and Miller, Andrew and Rhode, Mike and Quattrini, Andrea and Ames, Cheryl L. and Brooke, Sandra D. and McClain-Counts, Jennifer P. and Roark, E. Brendan and Buster, Noreen A. and Phillips, Ryan M. and Frometa, Janessy}
}
@article {2598,
	title = {Paleohydrology of China Lake basin and the context of early human occupation in the northwestern Mojave Desert, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {167},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-07-2017},
	pages = {112 - 139},
	abstract = {Considerable prior research has focused on the interconnected pluvial basins of Owens Lake and Searles Lake, resulting in a long record of paleohydrological change in the lower Owens River system. However, the published record is poorly resolved or contradictory for the period encompassing the terminal Pleistocene (22,000 to 11,600 cal BP) and early Holocene (11,600-8200 cal BP). This has resulted in conflicting interpretations about the timing of lacustrine high stands within the intermediate basin of China Lake, which harbors one of the most extensive records of early human occupation in the western Great Basin and California. Here, we report a broad range of radiocarbon-dated paleoenvironmental evidence, including lacustrine deposits and shoreline features, tufa outcrops, and mollusk, ostracode, and fish bone assemblages, as well as spring and other groundwater-related deposits (a.k.a. "black mats") from throughout China Lake basin, its outlet, and inflow drainages. Based on 98 radiocarbon dates, we develop independent evidence for five significant lake-level oscillations between 18,000 and 13,000 cal BP, and document the persistence of groundwater-fed wetlands from the beginning of the Younger Dryas through the early Holocene (12,900-8200 cal BP); including the transition from ground-water fed lake to freshwater marsh between about 13,000 and 12,600 cal BP. Results of this study support and refine existing evidence that shows rapid, high-amplitude oscillations in the water balance of the Owens River system during the terminal Pleistocene, and suggest widespread human use of China Lake basin began during the Younger Dryas.},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.04.023},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S027737911630676Xhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S027737911630676X?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S027737911630676X?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Rosenthal, Jeffrey S. and Meyer, Jack and Palacios-Fest, Manuel R. and Young, D. Craig and Ugan, Andrew and Byrd, Brian F. and Gobalet, Ken and Giacomo, Jason}
}
@article {2698,
	title = {Permafrost Organic Carbon Mobilization From the Watershed to the Colville River Delta: Evidence From 14C Ramped Pyrolysis and Lignin Biomarkers},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Apr-11-2019},
	pages = {11,491 - 11,500},
	abstract = {The deposition of terrestrial-derived permafrost particulate organic carbon (POC) has been recorded in major Arctic river deltas. However, associated transport pathways of permafrost POC from the watershed to the coast have not been well constrained. Here we utilized a combination of ramped pyrolysis-oxidation radiocarbon analysis (RPO 14C) along with lignin biomarkers, to track the linkages between soils and river and delta sediments. Surface and deep soils showed distinct RPO thermographs which may be related to degradation and organo-mineral interaction. Soil material in the bed load of the river channel was mostly derived from deep old permafrost. Both surface and deep soils were transported and deposited to the coast. Hydrodynamic sorting and barrier island protection played important roles in terrestrial-derived permafrost POC deposition near the coast. On a large scale, ice processes (e.g., ice gauging and strudel scour) and ocean currents controlled the transport and distribution of permafrost POC on the Beaufort Shelf.},
	keywords = {Arctic, carbon cycling, Colville River, Lignin, permafrost, pyrolysis},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1002/grl.v44.2210.1002/2017GL075543},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2017GL075543},
	author = {Zhang, Xiaowen and Bianchi, Thomas S. and Cui, Xingqian and Rosenheim, Brad E. and Ping, Chien-Lu and Hanna, Andrea J. M. and Kanevskiy, Mikhail and Schreiner, Kathryn M. and Allison, Mead A.}
}
@book {2837,
	title = {Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery ProgramExpedition 357 methods},
	year = {2017},
	publisher = {International Ocean Discovery Program},
	organization = {International Ocean Discovery Program},
	doi = {10.14379/iodp.proc.357.102.2017},
	url = {http://publications.iodp.org/proceedings/357/357title.html},
	author = {Fr{\"u}h-Green, G.L. and Orcutt, B.N. and Green, S.L. and Cotterill, C. and Morgan, S. and Akizawa, N. and Bayrakci, G. and Behrmann, J.-H. and Boschi, C. and Brazleton, W.J. and Cannat, M. and Dunkel, K.G. and Escartin, J. and Harris, M. and Herrero-Bervera, E. and Hesse, K. and John, B.E. and Lang, S.Q. and Lilley, M.D. and Liu, H.-Q. and Mayhew, L.E. and McCaig, A.M. and Menez, B. and Morono, Y. and Qu{\'e}m{\'e}neur, M. and Roum{\'e}jon, S. and Sandaruwan Ratnayake, A. and Schrenk, M.O. and Schwarzenbach, E.M. and Twing, K.I. and Weis, D. and Whattham, S.A. and Williams, M. and Zhao, R.},
	editor = {Fr{\"u}h-Green, G.L. and Orcutt, B.N. and Green, S.L. and Cotterill, C.}
}
@article {Radloff2017142,
	title = {Reversible adsorption and flushing of arsenic in a shallow, Holocene aquifer of Bangladesh},
	journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Environmental and Health Roles of Geogenic Arsenic},
	pages = {142 - 157},
	abstract = {Abstract The spatial heterogeneity of dissolved arsenic (As) concentrations in shallow groundwater of the Bengal Basin has been attributed to transport of As (and reactive carbon) from external sources or to the release of As from within grey sand formations. We explore the latter scenario in this detailed hydrological and geochemical study along a 300~m transect of a shallow aquifer extending from a groundwater recharge area within a sandy channel bar to its discharge into a nearby stream. Within the 10{\textendash}20~m depth range, groundwater ages along the transect determined by the 3H{\textendash}3He method increase from \&lt;10~yr in the recharge area to a maximum of 40~yr towards the stream. Concentrations of groundwater As within the same grey sands increase from 10 to 100 to \~{}500~μg/L along this transect. Evidence of reversible adsorption of As between the groundwater and sediment was obtained from a series of push{\textendash}pull experiments, traditional batch adsorption experiments, and the accidental flooding of a shallow monitoring well. Assuming reversible adsorption and a distribution coefficient, Kd, of 0.15{\textendash}1.5~L/kg inferred from these observations, a simple flushing model shows that the increase in As concentrations with depth and groundwater age at this site, and at other sites in the Bengal and Red River Basins, can be attributed to the evolution of the aquifer over 100{\textendash}1000 years as aquifer sands are gradually flushed of their initial As content. A wide range of As concentrations can thus be maintained in groundwater with increases with depth governed by the history of flushing and local recharge rates, without external inputs of reactive carbon or As from other sources.},
	keywords = {Push{\textendash}pull tests},
	issn = {0883-2927},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.11.003},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883292715300706},
	author = {Kathleen A. Radloff and Yan Zheng and Martin Stute and Beth Weinman and Benjamin Bostick and Ivan Mihajlov and Margaret Bounds and M.Moshiur Rahman and M.Rezaul Huq and Kazi M. Ahmed and Peter Schlosser and Alexander van Geen}
}
@article {2874,
	title = {Salt Marsh and Fringing Oyster Reef Transgression in a Shallow Temperate Estuary: Implications for Restoration, Conservation and Blue Carbon},
	journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-07-2017},
	pages = {1013 - 1027},
	abstract = {The importance of intertidal estuarine habitats, like salt marsh and oyster reef, has been well established, as has their ubiquitous loss along our coasts with resultant forfeiture of the ecosystem services they provide. Furthering our understanding of how these habitats are evolving in the face of anthropogenic and climate driven changes will help improve management strategies. Previous work has shown that the growth and productivity of both oyster reefs and salt marshes are strongly linked to elevation in the intertidal zone (duration of aerial exposure). We build on that research by examining the growth of marsh-fringing oyster reefs at yearly to decadal time scales and examine movement of the boundary between oyster reef and salt marsh at decadal to centennial time scales. We show that the growth of marsh-fringing reefs is strongly associated to the duration of aerial exposure, with little growth occurring below mean low water and above mean sea level. Marsh-shoreline movement, in the presence or absence of fringing oyster reefs, was reconstructed using transects of sediment cores. Carbonaceous marsh sediments sampled below the modern fringing oyster reefs indicate that marsh shorelines within Back Sound, North Carolina are predominantly in a state of transgression (landward retreat), and modern oyster-reef locations were previously occupied by salt marsh within the past two centuries. Cores fronting transgressive marsh shorelines absent fringing reefs sampled thinner and less extensive carbonaceous marsh sediment than at sites with fringing reefs. This indicates that fringing reefs are preserving carbonaceous marsh sediment from total erosion as they transgress and colonize the exposed marsh shoreline making marsh sediments more resistant to erosion. The amount of marsh sediment preservation underneath the reef scales with the reef{\textquoteright}s relief, as reefs with the greatest relief were level with the marsh platform, preserving a maximum amount of carbonaceous sediments during transgression by buffering the marsh from erosional processes. Thus, fringing oyster reefs not only have the capacity to shelter shorelines but, if located at the ideal tidal elevation, they also keep up with accelerating sea-level rise and cap carbonaceous sediments, protecting them from erosion, as reefs develop along the marsh.},
	issn = {1559-2723},
	doi = {10.1007/s12237-016-0196-8},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12237-016-0196-8},
	author = {Ridge, Justin T. and Rodriguez, Antonio B. and Fodrie, F. Joel}
}
@article {2867,
	title = {Seasonal variability in the source and composition of particulate matter in the depositional zone of Baltimore Canyon, U.S. Mid-Atlantic Bight},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-09-2017},
	pages = {77 - 89},
	abstract = {Submarine canyons are often hotspots of biomass due to enhanced productivity and funneling of organic matter of marine and terrestrial origin. However, most deep-sea canyons remain poorly studied in terms of their role as conduits of terrestrial and marine particles. A multi-tracer geochemical investigation of particles collected yearlong by a sediment trap in Baltimore Canyon on the US Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) revealed temporal variability in source, transport, and fate of particulate matter. Both organic biomarker composition (sterol and n-alkanes) and bulk characteristics (δ13C, Δ14C, Chl-a) suggest that while on average the annual contribution of terrestrial and marine organic matter sources are similar, 42\% and 52\% respectively, marine sources dominate. Elevated Chlorophyll-a and sterol concentrations during the spring sampling period highlight a seasonal influx of relatively fresh phytodetritus. In addition, the contemporaneous increase in the particle reactive micronutrients cadmium (Cd) and molybdenum (Mo) in the spring suggest increased scavenging, aggregation, and sinking of phytodetrital biomass in response to enhanced surface production within the nutricline. While tidally driven currents within the canyon resuspend sediment between 200 and 600 m, resulting in the formation of a nepheloid layer rich in lithogenic material, near-bed sediment remobilization in the canyon depositional zone was minimal. Instead, vertical transport and lateral transport across the continental margin were the dominant processes driving seasonal input of particulate matter. In turn, seasonal variability in deposited particulate organic matter is likely linked to benthic faunal composition and ecosystem scale carbon cycling.},
	keywords = {Deep-sea ecosystems, Geochemical analyses, organic matter, sediment trap, Submarine canyons},
	issn = {09670637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2017.08.004},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0967063717300602},
	author = {Prouty, N.G. and Mienis, F. and Campbell-Swarzenski, P. and Roark, E.B. and Davies, A.J. and Robertson, C.M. and Duineveld, G. and Ross, S.W. and Rhode, M. and Demopoulos, A.W.J.}
}
@article { ISI:000395186600009,
	title = {Short organic carbon turnover time and narrow C-14 age spectra in early Holocene wetland paleosols},
	journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
	volume = {18},
	number = {{1}},
	year = {2017},
	month = {JAN},
	pages = {142-155},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Paleosols contain information about the rates of soil organic carbon turnover when the soil was actively forming. However, this temporal information is often difficult to interpret without tight stratigraphic control on the age of the paleosol. Here we apply ramped pyrolysis/oxidation (Ramped PyrOx) C-14 analyses to evaluate age spectra of transgressive early Holocene paleosols from the Mississippi Delta in southeastern Louisiana, USA. We find C-14 age spectra from soil organic matter (SOM) in both paleosols and overlying basal peats that represent variability in age that is close to, or only slightly greater than, analytical uncertainty of C-14 measurements, despite different sources of carbon with likely disparate ages. Such age spectra have not previously been observed in the sedimentary record. Here they indicate vigorous soil carbon turnover prior to burial, which homogenized C-14 ages within SOM across the entire thermochemical spectrum. The weighted bulk C-14 ages from Ramped PyrOx of paleosols and overlying peats are identical within analytical and process-associated uncertainty, and corroborate C-14 ages from charcoal fragments and plant macrofossils from the overlying peat. The youngest ages from Ramped PyrOx age spectra may also potentially be applied as chronometers for stratigraphic burial ages. Our results suggest rapid turnover (<<300 years) of carbon in these soils relative to input of allochthonous carbon, indicating that the C-14 age of different soil components is decoupled from thermochemical stability and instead reflects vigorous turnover processes. The concurrence of paleosol and peat C-14 ages also suggests that pedogenic processes were linked with the development of coastal marshes, and that the priming effect potentially masked the signal of allochthonous carbon inputs during sea level rise.},
	keywords = {paleosol, radiocarbon, ramped PyrOx, soil organic carbon, turnover time},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1002/2016GC006526},
	author = {Vetter, Lael and Rosenheim, Brad E. and Fernandez, Alvaro and Tornqvist, Torbjoern E.}
}
@article {2750,
	title = {Sub-ice shelf sediment geochronology utilizing novel radiocarbon methodology for highly detrital sediments},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-04-2017},
	pages = {1404 - 1418},
	abstract = {Sub-ice shelf sediments near Larsen C ice shelf (LIS-C) show fine-scale rhythmic laminations that could provide a near-continuous seasonal-resolution record of regional ice mass changes. Despite the great potential of these sediments, a dependable Late Quaternary chronology is difficult to generate, rendering the record incomplete. As with many marginal Antarctic sediments, in the absence of preserved carbonate microfossils, the reliability of radiocarbon chronologies depends on presence of high proportions of autochthonous organic carbon with minimized detrital organic carbon. Consequently, acid insoluble organic (AIO) 14C dating works best where high productivity drives high sediment accumulation rates, but can be problematic in condensed sequences with high proportions of detrital organic carbon. Ramped PyrOx 14C dating has progressively been shown to improve upon AIO 14C dates, to the point of matching foraminiferal carbonate 14C dates, through differential thermochemical degradation of organic components within samples. But in highly detrital sediments, proportions of contemporaneously deposited material are too low to fully separate autochthonous organic carbon from detrital carbon in samples large enough to 14C date. We introduce two modifications of the Ramped PyrOx 14C approach applied to highly detrital sediments near LIS-C to maximize accuracy by utilizing ultra-small fractions of the highly detrital AIO material. With minimization of the uncertainty cost, these techniques allow us to generate chronologies for cores that would otherwise go undated, pushing the limits of radiocarbon dating to regions and facies with high proportions of pre-aged detritus. Wider use of these techniques will enable more coordinated a priori coring efforts to constrain regional glacial responses to rapid warming where sediments had previously been thought too difficult to date.},
	doi = {10.1002/2016GC006578},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016GC006578},
	author = {Subt, C. and Yoon, H. I. and Yoo, K. C. and Lee, J. I. and Leventer, A. and Domack, E. W. and Rosenheim, B. E.}
}
@article {2608,
	title = {Technical note: An inverse method to relate organic carbon reactivity to isotope composition from serial oxidation},
	journal = {Biogeosciences},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-01-2017},
	pages = {5099 - 5114},
	doi = {10.5194/bg-14-5099-201710.5194/bg-14-5099-2017-supplement},
	url = {https://www.biogeosciences.net/14/5099/2017/https://www.biogeosciences.net/14/5099/2017/bg-14-5099-2017.pdfhttps://www.biogeosciences.net/14/5099/2017/bg-14-5099-2017-supplement.zip},
	author = {Hemingway, Jordon D. and Rothman, Daniel H. and Rosengard, Sarah Z. and Galy, Valier V.}
}
@article {2894,
	title = {A Terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene Environmental Record and Fluted Point from Twain Harte, California},
	journal = {PaleoAmerica},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Mar-07-2017},
	pages = {260 - 275},
	abstract = {Although more than 500 Clovis points have been found at no fewer than 60 locations in California, the age of these points remains problematic. Here we report stratified deposits more than 3 meters deep at a site in the central Sierra Nevada from which a Clovis point was recovered in 1969. Five radiocarbon (14C) dates provide temporal control for terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene strata at the site, including the sediments in which the point reposed. We also report the analysis of pollen samples from these strata. Our research indicates that the Clovis point most likely dates to \~{}11,900{\textendash}11,400 cal yr BP. We interpret this, in the context of other fluted-point discoveries, to mean that Clovis lithic technology evidently persisted longer in the Far West than it did elsewhere in the U.S.},
	keywords = {California prehistory, Clovis chronology, Geomorphology, palynology, terminal Pleistocene/early Holocene},
	issn = {2055-5563},
	doi = {10.1080/20555563.2017.1328959},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20555563.2017.1328959},
	author = {Moratto, Michael J. and Davis, Owen K. and Davis-King, Shelly and Meyer, Jack and Rosenthal, Jeffrey and Sylwester, Laurie}
}
@article {2828,
	title = {The tropical lapse rate steepened during the Last Glacial Maximum},
	journal = {Science Advances},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Mar-01-2019},
	pages = {e1600815},
	abstract = {The gradient of air temperature with elevation (the temperature lapse rate) in the tropics is predicted to become less steep during the coming century as surface temperature rises, enhancing the threat of warming in high-mountain environments. However, the sensitivity of the lapse rate to climate change is uncertain because of poor constraints on high-elevation temperature during past climate states. We present a 25,000-year temperature reconstruction from Mount Kenya, East Africa, which demonstrates that cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum was amplified with elevation and hence that the lapse rate was significantly steeper than today. Comparison of our data with paleoclimate simulations indicates that state-of-the-art models underestimate this lapse-rate change. Consequently, future high-elevation tropical warming may be even greater than predicted.},
	doi = {10.1126/sciadv.1600815},
	url = {https://advances.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/sciadv.1600815},
	author = {Loomis, Shannon E. and Russell, James M. and Verschuren, Dirk and Morrill, Carrie and De Cort, Gijs and Sinninghe Damst{\'e}, Jaap S. and Olago, Daniel and Eggermont, Hilde and Street-Perrott, F. Alayne and Kelly, Meredith A.}
}
@article {2717,
	title = {Tropical Pacific climate variability over the last 6000~years as recorded in Bainbridge Crater Lake, Gal{\'a}pagos},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-08-2017},
	pages = {903 - 922},
	abstract = {Finely laminated sediments within Bainbridge Crater Lake, Gal{\'a}pagos, provide a record of El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events over the Holocene. Despite the importance of this sediment record, hypotheses for how climate variability is preserved in the lake sediments have not been tested. Here we present results of long-term monitoring of the local climate and limnology and a revised interpretation of the sediment record. Brown-green, organic-rich, siliciclastic laminae reflect warm, wet conditions typical of El Ni{\~n}o events, whereas carbonate and gypsum precipitate during cool, dry La Ni{\~n}a events and persistent dry periods, respectively. Applying this new interpretation, we find that ENSO events of both phases were generally less frequent during the mid-Holocene (~6100{\textendash}4000 calendar years B.P.) relative to the last ~1500 calendar years. Abundant carbonate laminations between 3500 and 3000 calendar years B.P. imply that conditions in the Gal{\'a}pagos region were cool and dry during this period when the tropical Pacific E-W sea surface temperature (SST) gradient likely strengthened. The frequency of El Ni{\~n}o and La Ni{\~n}a events then intensified dramatically around 1750{\textendash}2000 calendar years B.P., consistent with a weaker SST gradient and an increased frequency of ENSO events in other regional records. This strong interannual variability persisted until ~700 calendar years B.P., when ENSO-related variability at the lake decreased as the SST gradient strengthened. Persistent, dry conditions then dominated between 300 and 50 calendar years B.P. (A.D. 1650{\textendash}1900, {\textpm} ~100 years), whereas wetter conditions and frequent El Ni{\~n}o events dominated in the most recent century.},
	keywords = {Climate variability, El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation(ENSO), Gal{\'a}pagos archipelago, mid-Holocene, monitoring, tropical Pacific Ocean},
	doi = {10.1002/palo.v32.810.1002/2017PA003089},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2017PA003089},
	author = {Thompson, Diane M. and Conroy, Jessica L. and Collins, Aaron and Hlohowskyj, Stephan R. and Overpeck, Jonathan T. and Riedinger-Whitmore, Melanie and Cole, Julia E. and Bush, Mark B. and Whitney, H. and Corley, Timothy L. and Kannan, Miriam Steinitz}
}
@article {2600,
	title = {Turning up the Heat on Organic Matter to Track Carbon},
	journal = {Eos},
	volume = {98},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jul-09-2018},
	keywords = {Antarctic sediments, Foraminifera, radiocarbon, stable carbon isotopes},
	doi = {10.1029/2017EO080771},
	url = {https://eos.org/meeting-reports/turning-up-the-heat-on-organic-matter-to-track-carbon},
	author = {McNichol, Ann and Rosenheim, Brad and Galy, Valier}
}
@article {2902,
	title = {Two phases of the Holocene East African Humid Period: Inferred from a high-resolution geochemical record off Tanzania},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {460},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-02-2017},
	pages = {123 - 134},
	abstract = {During the Holocene, the most notably climatic change across the African continent is the African Humid Period (AHP), however the pace and primary forcing for this pluvial condition is still ambiguous, particularly in East Africa. We present a high-resolution marine sediment record off Tanzania to provide insights into the climatic conditions of inland East Africa during the Holocene. Major element ratios (i.e., log-ratios of Fe/Ca and Ti/Ca), derived from X-Ray Fluorescence scanning, have been employed to document variations in humidity in East Africa. Our results show that the AHP is represented by two humid phases: an intense humid period from the beginning of the Holocene to 8 ka (AHP I); and a moderate humid period spanning from 8 to 5.5 ka (AHP II). On the basis of our geochemical record and regime detection, the termination of the AHP initiated at 5.5 ka and ceased around 3.5 ka. Combined with other paleoclimatic records around East Africa, we suggest that the humid conditions in this region responded to Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer insolation. The AHP I and II might have been related to an eastward shift of the Congo Air Boundary and warmer conditions in the western Indian Ocean, which resulted in additional moisture being delivered from the Atlantic and Indian Oceans during the NH summer and autumn, respectively. We further note a drought event throughout East Africa north of 10{\textdegree}S around 8.2 ka, which may have been related to the southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in response to the NH cooling event.},
	keywords = {African Humid Period, Congo Air Boundary, Holocene, Intertropical Convergence Zone, X-ray fluorescence scanner},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2016.12.016},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012821X16307294},
	author = {Liu, Xiting and Rendle-B{\"u}hring, Rebecca and Kuhlmann, Holger and Li, Anchun}
}
@article {2805,
	title = {What on Earth Have We Been Burning? Deciphering Sedimentary Records of Pyrogenic CarbonWhat on Earth Have We Been Burning? Deciphering Sedimentary Records of Pyrogenic Carbon},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jul-11-2017},
	pages = {12972 - 12980},
	abstract = {Humans have interacted with fire for thousands of years, yet the utilization of fossil fuels marked the beginning of a new era. Ubiquitous in the environment, pyrogenic carbon (PyC) arises from incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels, forming a continuum of condensed aromatic structures. Here, we develop and evaluate 14C records for two complementary PyC molecular markers, benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), preserved in aquatic sediments from a suburban and a remote catchment in the United States (U.S.) from the mid-1700s to 1998. Results show that the majority of PyC stems from local sources and is transferred to aquatic sedimentary archives on subdecadal to millennial time scales. Whereas a small portion stems from near-contemporaneous production and sedimentation, the majority of PyC (\~{}90\%) experiences delayed transmission due to {\textquotedblleft}preaging{\textquotedblright} on millennial time scales in catchment soils prior to its ultimate deposition. BPCAs (soot) and PAHs (precursors of soot) trace fossil fuel-derived PyC. Both markers parallel historical records of the consumption of fossil fuels in the U.S., yet never account for more than 19\% total PyC. This study demonstrates that isotopic characterization of multiple tracers is necessary to constrain histories and inventories of PyC and that sequestration of PyC can markedly lag its production.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.7b03243},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.7b03243},
	author = {Hanke, Ulrich M. and Reddy, Christopher M. and Braun, Ana L. L. and Coppola, Alysha I. and Haghipour, Negar and McIntyre, Cameron P. and Wacker, Lukas and Xu, Li and McNichol, Ann P. and Abiven, Samuel and Schmidt, Michael W. I. and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {2786,
	title = {Younger-Dryas cooling and sea-ice feedbacks were prominent features of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in Arctic Alaska},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {169},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-08-2017},
	pages = {330 - 343},
	abstract = {Declining sea-ice extent is currently amplifying climate warming in the Arctic. Instrumental records at high latitudes are too short-term to provide sufficient historical context for these trends, so paleoclimate archives are needed to better understand the functioning of the sea ice-albedo feedback. Here we use the oxygen isotope values of wood cellulose in living and sub-fossil willow shrubs (δ18Owc) (Salix spp.) that have been radiocarbon-dated (14C) to produce a multi-millennial record of climatic change on Alaska{\textquoteright}s North Slope during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition (13,500{\textendash}7500 calibrated 14C years before present; 13.5{\textendash}7.5 ka). We first analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of δ18Owc in living willows growing at upland sites and found that over the last 30 years δ18Owc values in individual growth rings correlate with local summer temperature and inter-annual variations in summer sea-ice extent. Deglacial δ18Owc values from 145 samples of subfossil willows clearly record the Aller{\o}d warm period (\~{}13.2 ka), the Younger Dryas cold period (12.9{\textendash}11.7 ka), and the Holocene Thermal Maximum (11.7{\textendash}9.0 ka). The magnitudes of isotopic changes over these rapid climate oscillations were \~{}4.5{\textperthousand}, which is about 60\% of the differences in δ18Owc between those willows growing during the last glacial period and today. Modeling of isotope-precipitation relationships based on Rayleigh distillation processes suggests that during the Younger Dryas these large shifts in δ18Owc values were caused by interactions between local temperature and changes in evaporative moisture sources, the latter controlled by sea ice extent in the Arctic Ocean and Bering Sea. Based on these results and on the effects that sea-ice have on climate today, we infer that ocean-derived feedbacks amplified temperature changes and enhanced precipitation in coastal regions of Arctic Alaska during warm times in the past. Today, isotope values in willows on the North Slope of Alaska are similar to those growing during the warmest times of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, which were times of widespread permafrost thaw and striking ecological changes.},
	keywords = {alaska, Arctic, Bering Strait, Climate change, dendrochronology, north pacific, oxygen isotopes, Paleoclimate, Sea ice, Younger Dryas},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.05.012},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379117301713},
	author = {Gaglioti, Benjamin V. and Mann, Daniel H. and Wooller, Matthew J. and Jones, Benjamin M. and Wiles, Gregory C. and Groves, Pamela and Kunz, Michael L. and Baughman, Carson A. and Reanier, Richard E.}
}
@article {2539,
	title = {Age of the Mt.~Ortles ice cores, the Tyrolean Iceman and glaciation of the highest summit of South Tyrol since the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-01-2016},
	pages = {2779 - 2797},
	abstract = {In  2011  four  ice  cores  were  extracted  from  the summit of Alto dell{\textquoteright}Ortles (3859 m), the highest glacier of South  Tyrol  in  the  Italian  Alps.  This  drilling  site  is  located only 37 km southwest from where the Tyrolean Iceman, \~{}5.3 kyrs old, was discovered emerging from the ablating ice field of Tisenjoch (3210 m, near the Italian{\textendash}Austrian border) in 1991. The excellent preservation of this mummy suggested that the Tyrolean Iceman was continuously embedded in prehistoric ice and that additional ancient ice was likely
preserved elsewhere in South Tyrol. Dating of the ice cores from Alto dell{\textquoteright}Ortles based on 210Pb, tritium, beta activity and 14C determinations, combined with an empirical model (COPRA), provides evidence for a chronologically ordered ice  stratigraphy  from  the  modern  glacier  surface  down  to the  bottom  ice  layers  with  an  age  of \~{}7 kyrs,  which  confirms  the  hypothesis.  Our  results  indicate  that  the  drilling site has continuously been glaciated on frozen bedrock since \~{}7 kyrs BP. Absence of older ice on the highest glacier of South Tyrol is consistent with the removal of basal ice from bedrock during the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum (6{\textendash}9 kyrs BP),  the  warmest  interval  in  the  European  Alps during the Holocene. Borehole inclinometric measurements of  the  current  glacier  flow  combined  with  surface  ground penetration radar (GPR) measurements indicate that, due to the sustained atmospheric warming since the 1980s, an acceleration of the glacier Alto dell{\textquoteright}Ortles flow has just recently begun.  Given  the  stratigraphic chronological  continuity  of the Mt. Ortles cores over millennia, it can be argued that this behaviour has been unprecedented at this location since the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum.},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-10-2779-2016},
	url = {http://www.the-cryosphere.net/10/2779/2016/tc-10-2779-2016.pdf},
	author = {Gabrielli, Paolo and Barbante, Carlo and Bertagna, Giuliano and {\'o}, Michele and Binder, Daniel and Carton, Alberto and Carturan, Luca and Cazorzi, Federico and Cozzi, Giulio and Dalla Fontana, Giancarlo and Davis, Mary and De Blasi, Fabrizio and Dinale, Roberto and {\`a}, Gianfranco and Dreossi, Giuliano and Festi, Daniela and Frezzotti, Massimo and Gabrieli, Jacopo and Galos, Stephan P. and Ginot, Patrick and Heidenwolf, Petra and Jenk, Theo M. and Kehrwald, Natalie and Kenny, Donald and Magand, Olivier and Mair, Volkmar and Mikhalenko, Vladimir and Lin, Ping Nan and Oeggl, Klaus and Piffer, Gianni and Rinaldi, Mirko and Schotterer, Ulrich and Schwikowski, Margit and Seppi, Roberto and Spolaor, Andrea and Stenni, Barbara and Tonidandel, David and Uglietti, Chiara and Zagorodnov, Victor and Zanoner, Thomas and Zennaro, Piero}
}
@article {1094,
	title = {AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Large Za Baobabs (Adansonia za) of Madagascar.},
	journal = {PLoS One},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016},
	pages = {e0146977},
	abstract = {<p>The article reports the radiocarbon investigation of Anzapalivoro, the largest za baobab (Adansonia za) specimen of Madagascar and of another za, namely the Big cistern baobab. Several wood samples collected from the large inner cavity and from the outer part/exterior of the tree were investigated by AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon dating. For samples collected from the cavity walls, the age values increase with the distance into the wood up to a point of maximum age, after which the values decrease toward the outer part. This anomaly of age sequences indicates that the inner cavity of Anzapalivoro is a false cavity, practically an empty space between several fused stems disposed in a ring-shaped structure. The radiocarbon date of the oldest sample was 780 {\textpm} 30 bp, which corresponds to a calibrated age of around 735 yr. Dating results indicate that Anzapalivoro has a closed ring-shaped structure, which consists of 5 fused stems that close a false cavity. The oldest part of the biggest za baobab has a calculated age of 900 years. We also disclose results of the investigation of a second za baobab, the Big cistern baobab, which was hollowed out for water storage. This specimen, which consists of 4 fused stems, was found to be around 260 years old.</p>},
	keywords = {Adansonia, Calibration, Ecology, Forests, Geography, Madagascar, Mass Spectrometry, Radiometric Dating, Time Factors, Trees, Wood},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0146977},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Patrut, Roxana T and Danthu, Pascal and Leong Pock-Tsy, Jean-Michel and Rakosy, Laszlo and Lowy, Daniel A and von Reden, Karl F}
}
@article {Spooner2016123,
	title = {Clumped isotope composition of cold-water corals: A role for vital effects?},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {179},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {123 - 141},
	abstract = {Abstract The carbonate clumped isotope thermometer is a promising tool for determining past ocean temperatures. It is based on the temperature dependence of rare isotopes {\textquoteleft}clumping{\textquoteright} into the same carbonate ion group in the carbonate mineral lattice. The extent of this clumping effect is independent of the isotope composition of the water from which carbonate precipitates, providing unique advantages over many other paleotemperature proxies. Existing calibrations of this thermometer in cold-water and warm-water corals suggest clumped isotope {\textquoteleft}vital effects{\textquoteright} are negligible in cold-water corals but may be significant in warm-water corals. Here, we test the calibration of the carbonate clumped isotope thermometer in cold-water corals with a recently collected and well characterised sample set spanning a range of coral genera (Balanophyllia, Caryophyllia, Dasmosmilia, Desmophyllum, Enallopsammia and Javania). The clumped isotope compositions (Δ47) of these corals exhibit systematic dependences on their growth temperatures, confirming the basis of the carbonate clumped isotope thermometer. However, some cold-water coral genera show Δ47 values that are higher than the expected equilibrium values by up to 0.05{\textperthousand} (equivalent to underestimating temperature by \~{}9 {\textdegree}C) similar to previous findings for some warm-water corals. This finding suggests that the vital effects affecting corals Δ47 are common to both warm- and cold-water corals. By comparison with models of the coral calcification process we suggest that the clumped isotope offsets in these genera are related to the kinetic isotope effects associated with \{CO2\} hydration/hydroxylation reactions in the corals{\textquoteright} calcifying fluid. Our findings complicate the use of the carbonate clumped isotope thermometer in corals, but suggest that species- or genus-specific calibrations could be useful for the future application of this paleotemperature proxy.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.01.023},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703716300072},
	author = {Peter T. Spooner and Weifu Guo and Laura F. Robinson and Nivedita Thiagarajan and Katharine R. Hendry and Brad E. Rosenheim and Melanie J. Leng}
}
@article {Zaremba2016109,
	title = {Controls on the stratigraphic framework and paleoenvironmental change within a Holocene estuarine system: Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, USA},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {379},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {109 - 123},
	abstract = {Abstract This study examines the Holocene stratigraphic record and paleoenvironmental evolution of a large estuarine system, at high temporal and spatial resolution, in the context of changing climate, sea level, and hydrodynamics. New data are used to examine two time periods of increased marine influence within Pamlico Sound in northeastern North Carolina interpreted to be the result of extensive barrier island segmentation synchronous with periods of rapid climate change during the late Holocene. The study reveals the controls on the stratigraphic development and the highly dynamic character of the coastal system in response to climate, and sea-level change as it interacts with paleotopography. These findings can be used to inform projections of future environmental changes. Estuarine waters occupied paleovalleys in the Pamlico Sound region as early as ca. 7500 cal \{BP\} and Pleistocene interfluves separated the paleovalleys from the Atlantic Ocean until ca. 5500 cal BP, when they were flooded by rising sealevel forming the broad, shallow Pamlico Sound. Initial barrier islands and shoals likely formed sometime between 5500 and 5000 cal BP, providing the geomorphic setting for continued estuarine conditions behind the barriers. At ca. 4000 cal BP, an increase in marine influence and sand content is detected in multiple cores, and is correlated to seismic data within the Pamlico Sound basin. This change is interpreted to be the result of increased segmentation of barrier islands (thus a greater number of inlets, or wider inlets), which is consistent with a rapid transgression seen in other areas of the U.S. east coast. The segmentation may have been partially facilitated by a rapid increase in lagoonal area and tidal prism by overtopping of interfluves. Greater barrier island continuity is evident from 3500 to 1200 cal BP, as indicated by muddy deposits with low brackish estuarine foraminiferal assemblages. At ca. 1200 cal BP, seismic, sedimentological and micropaleontological data suggest an increase in wave and current energy and marine influence throughout southeastern Pamlico Sound. These changes are interpreted to represent extensive segmentation of the barrier islands during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA). Since ca. 500 cal BP, the Pamlico Sound system has returned to a more restricted state, as inlets have closed. Currently only three major inlets segment the Outer Banks, the barrier island system fronting Pamlico Sound, but warming climate and increasing rates of sea-level rise suggest that another episode of barrier island segmentation began about a half century ago and appears that it may extend into the near future.},
	keywords = {Coastal geology},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.04.012},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322716300664},
	author = {Nicholas Zaremba and David J. Mallinson and Eduardo Leorri and Stephen Culver and Stanley Riggs and Ryan Mulligan and Eric Horsman and Siddhartha Mitra}
}
@article {2492,
	title = {Detrital cave sediments record Late Quaternary hydrologic and climatic variability in northwestern Florida, USA},
	journal = {Sedimentary Geology},
	volume = {335},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-04-2016},
	pages = {51 - 65},
	abstract = {Detrital sediment in Florida{\textquoteright}s (USA) submerged cave systems may preserve records of regional climate and hydrologic variability. However, the basic sedimentology, mineralogy, stratigraphic variability, and emplacement history of the successions in Florida{\textquoteright}s submerged caves remains poorly understood. Here we present stratigraphic, mineralogical, and elemental data on sediment cores from two phreatic cave systems in northwestern Florida (USA), on the Dougherty Karst Plain: Hole in the Wall Cave (HITW) and Twin Cave. Water flowing through these caves is subsurface flow in the Apalachicola River drainage basin, and the caves are located just downstream from Jackson Blue (1st magnitude spring, > 2.8 m3 s- 1 discharge). Sedimentation in these caves is dominated by three primary sedimentary styles: (i) ferromanganese deposits dominate the basal recovered stratigraphy, which pass upsection into (ii) poorly sorted carbonate sediment, and finally into (iii) fine-grained organic matter (gyttja) deposits. Resolving the emplacement history of the lower stratigraphic units was hampered by a lack of suitable material for radiocarbon dating, but the upper organic-rich deposits have a punctuated depositional history beginning in the earliest Holocene. For example, gyttja primarily accumulated in HITW and Twin Caves from ~ 5500 to 3500 cal yr. BP, which coincides with regional evidence for water-table rise of the Upper Floridian Aquifer associated with relative sea-level rise in the Gulf of Mexico, and evidence for invigorated drainage through the Apalachicola River drainage basin. Gyttja sediments were also deposited in one of the caves during the B{\o}lling/Aller{\o}d climate oscillation. Biologically, these results indicate that some Floridian aquatic cave (stygobitic) ecosystems presently receive minimal organic matter supply in comparison to prehistoric intervals. The pre-Holocene poorly sorted carbonate sediment contains abundant invertebrate fossils, and likely documents a period of enhanced limestone dissolution and cave formation (speleogenesis) during lower paleo water levels. Further work is still required to (a) determine whether precipitation of the ferromanganese deposits is inorganically or biologically mediated, (b) temporally constrain the emplacement history of the primary sedimentary styles, and (c) determine the full geographic extent of these sedimentary signals. However, these preliminary observations suggest that sedimentation in the inland underwater caves of northwestern Florida is related to Quaternary-scale hydrographic variability in the Apalachicola River drainage basin in response to broader ocean and atmospheric forcing.},
	keywords = {Apalachicola, florida, Karst, Phreatic, Underwater cave},
	issn = {00370738},
	doi = {10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.01.022},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0037073816000312http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0037073816000312?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0037073816000312?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Winkler, Tyler S. and van Hengstum, Peter J. and Horgan, Meghan C. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Reibenspies, Joseph H.}
}
@article {Prajith2016173,
	title = {Distribution, provenance and early diagenesis of major and trace metals in sediment cores from the Mandovi estuary, western India},
	journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {170},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {173 - 185},
	abstract = {Abstract Major elements and trace metals were analyzed in four sediment cores recovered along a transect in the Mandovi estuary for their distribution, provenance and early diagenesis. The sediments were clayey silts in cores from the upper/lower estuary and sand-dominated in cores from the middle estuary/bay. Organic carbon (OC) content varied from 0.5 to 4\%, with higher values in fine-grained sediments. The mean Fe and Mn contents of sediments from the upper/middle estuary were 3{\textendash}5 times and 8{\textendash}13 times, respectively higher than the reference sediment (RS) from the same estuary. The mean Fe and Mn contents of sediments from the lower estuary/bay were close to the RS. Strong inter-metal correlation among Ti, V, Cr and Zr in all the cores indicated their contribution from a common source, probably the laterites from hinterland. Trace metals were more enriched in fine-grained sediments than in sand-dominated sediments. Early diagenetic control on the redistribution of metal is evident in core sediments from the middle estuary to Bay. The distribution of Mo, U and Pb followed that of Fe and Mn in the upper estuary and \{OC\} in the lower estuary/bay. Our results indicated strong anthropogenic contribution of metals from ore deposits in the upper/middle estuary. The Mn and Cr contents of sediment in the upper/middle estuary and Fe in the middle estuary were highly enriched suggestive of {\textquoteleft}significant pollution signal{\textquoteright}. More trace metals from the middle estuary were moderately enriched. Speciation studies showed Mn and Pb occurred abundantly in non-residual phases. High Mn content and its high percentage in exchangeable and reductive phases indicate that it was susceptible to be mobilized. However, Fe, Cu and Ni occurred abundantly in residual phases and less percentage of them were expected to be bio-available.},
	keywords = {Western India},
	issn = {0272-7714},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.01.014},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272771416300142},
	author = {A. Prajith and V. Purnachandra Rao and P. Chakraborty}
}
@article {Adhikari2016413,
	title = {Distributions and accumulation rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the northern Gulf of Mexico sediments},
	journal = {Environmental Pollution},
	volume = {212},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {413 - 423},
	abstract = {Abstract Sediment samples collected from shelf, slope and interior basin of the northern Gulf of Mexico during 2011{\textendash}2013, 1{\textendash}3 years after the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, were utilized to characterize \{PAH\} pollution history, in this region. Results indicate that the concentrations of surface ΣPAH43 and their accumulation rates vary between 44 and 160~ng~g-1 and 6{\textendash}55~ng~cm-2~y-1, respectively. ΣPAH43 concentration profiles, accumulation rates and Δ14C values are significantly altered only for the sediments in the immediate vicinity of the \{DWH\} wellhead. This shows that the impact of \{DWH\} oil input on deep-sea sediments was generally limited to the area close to the spill site. Further, the \{PAHs\} source diagnostic analyses suggest a noticeable change in \{PAHs\} composition from higher to lower molecular weight dominance which reflects a change in source of \{PAHs\} in the past three years, back to the background composition. Results indicate low to moderate levels of \{PAH\} pollution in this region at present, which are unlikely to cause adverse effects on benthic communities.},
	keywords = {Radiocarbon (Δ14C)},
	issn = {0269-7491},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.064},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749116300641},
	author = {Puspa L. Adhikari and Kanchan Maiti and Edward B. Overton and Brad E. Rosenheim and Brian D. Marx}
}
@article {2466,
	title = {Dual carbon isotope characterization of total organic carbon in wintertime carbonaceous aerosols from northern India},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
	volume = {121},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Apr-05-2017},
	pages = {4797 - 4809},
	abstract = {Large-scale emissions of carbonaceous aerosols (CA) from South Asia impact both regional climate and air quality, yet their sources are not well constrained. Here we use source-diagnostic stable and radiocarbon isotopes (δ13C and Δ14C) to characterize CA sources at a semiurban site (Hisar: 29.2{\textdegree}N, 75.2{\textdegree}E) in the NW Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) and a remote high-altitude location in the Himalayan foothills (Manora Peak: 29.4{\textdegree}N, 79.5{\textdegree}E, 1950 m above sea level) in northern India during winter. The Δ14C of total aerosol organic carbon (TOC) varied from -178{\textperthousand} to -63{\textperthousand} at Hisar and from -198{\textperthousand} to -1{\textperthousand} at Manora Peak. The absence of significant differences in the 14C-based fraction biomass of TOC between Hisar (0.81 {\textpm} 0.03) and Manora Peak (0.82 {\textpm} 0.07) reveals that biomass burning/biogenic emissions (BBEs) are the dominant sources of CA at both sites. Combining this information with δ13C, other chemical tracers (K+/OC and SO42-/EC) and air mass back trajectory analyses indicate similar source regions in the IGP (e.g., Punjab and Haryana). These results highlight that CA from BBEs in the IGP are not only confined to the atmospheric boundary layer but also extend to higher elevations of the troposphere, where the synoptic-scale circulations could substantially influence their abundances both to the Himalayas and over the downwind oceanic regions such as the Indian Ocean. Given the vast emissions of CA from postharvest crop residue combustion practices in the IGP during early Northeast Monsoon, this information is important for both improved process and model understanding of climate and health effects, as well as in guiding policy decision aiming at reducing emissions.},
	doi = {10.1002/2016JD024880},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016JD024880https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2F2016JD024880},
	author = {Bikkina, Srinivas and Andersson, August and Sarin, M. M. and Sheesley, R. J. and Kirillova, E. and Rengarajan, R. and Sudheer, A. K. and Ram, K. and Gustafsson, {\"O}rjan}
}
@article {Kusch201635,
	title = {Factors influencing 14C concentrations of algal and archaeal lipids and their associated sea surface temperature proxies in the Black Sea},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {188},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {35 - 57},
	abstract = {Abstract Understanding the preservation and deposition history of organic molecules is crucial for the understanding of paleoenvironmental information contained in their abundance ratios such as Uk'37 and \{TEX86\} used as proxies for sea surface temperature (SST). Based on their relatively high refractivity, alkenones and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) can survive postdepositional processes like lateral transport, potentially causing inferred \{SSTs\} to be misleading. Likewise, selective preservation of alkenones and \{GDGTs\} may cause biases of the \{SST\} proxies themselves and can lead to decoupling of both proxy records. Here we report compound-specific radiocarbon data of marine biomarkers including alkenones, GDGTs, and low molecular weight (LMW) n-fatty acids from Black Sea sediments deposited under different redox regimes to evaluate the potentially differential preservation of both biomarker classes and its effect on the \{SST\} indices Uk'37 and TEX86. The decadal Δ14C values of alkenones, GDGTs, and \{LMW\} n-fatty acids indicate similar preservation under oxic, suboxic, and anoxic redox regimes and no contribution of pre-aged compounds, e.g., by lateral supply. Moreover, similar 14C concentrations of crenarchaeol, alkenones, and \{LMW\} n-fatty acids imply that the thaumarchaeotal \{GDGTs\} preserved in these sediments are produced in the euphotic zone rather than in subsurface/thermocline waters. However, we observe biomarker-based \{SSTs\} that strongly deviate (ΔSST up to 8.4 {\textdegree}C) from in situ measured mean annual \{SSTs\} in the Black Sea. This is not due to redox-dependent differential biomarker preservation as implied by their Δ14C values and spatial \{SST\} pattern. Since contributions from different sources can largely be excluded, the deviation of the Uk'37 and \{TEX86\} proxy-derived \{SSTs\} from in situ \{SSTs\} requires further study of phylogenetic and other yet unknown environmental controls on alkenone and \{GDGT\} lipid distributions in the Black Sea.},
	keywords = {sea surface temperature proxies, TEX86, Uk37, Uk'37},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.025},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001670371630268X},
	author = {Stephanie Kusch and Janet Rethemeyer and Ellen C. Hopmans and Lukas Wacker and Gesine Mollenhauer}
}
@article {MilHomens20161211,
	title = {Footprint of roman and modern mining activities in a sediment core from the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {571},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {1211 - 1221},
	abstract = {Abstract A 5-m long sediment core (VC2B), retrieved in the Southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf, at 96 m water depth, was used to assess major changes in climate and human activities during the last 9.7 kyrs. Analytical measurements included sedimentological (mean grain size, and the contents of sand, silt and clay), geochemical (major, minor, trace and rare earth elements; REEs) and chronological (210Pb and 14C) parameters. Two episodes of increment of fine-grained particles, occurring at 3050 \{BCE\} and 1350 CE, suggest the retreat of the coast line to the present level and the beginning of a wetter phase associated with the {\textquotedblleft}Little Ice Age{\textquotedblright}. The North American Shale Composite (NASC)-normalized REE-pattern detected in the shelf is similar to that found in the Guadiana estuarine sediments. The possibility of this estuary as a contributor to the sediment load deposited in the adjacent coastal zone was indicated. Trace elements were significantly correlated with Al until 1850 CE, pointing that grain-size rules its distribution in sediments. The depth variation of As, Cu and Pb enrichment factors relative to background values shows two periods of intense human activity that can be mainly linked to mining: (i) across the Roman Period, marked by low enrichments; and (ii) starting on the second half of the 19th century until nowadays with significantly increased enrichments, especially of Pb and Cu. In addition to As, Cu and Pb, this period is also marked by high enrichments of Hg and Zn. Despite the decrease/closure of sulphide massive deposits mining exploitation (e.g., S{\~a}o Domingos, Las Herrerias) during the second half of the 20th century, results showed ongoing input of Pb, Cu, As, Hg and Zn to coastal sediments. Thus, the legacy of contamination by these elements, mainly from leaching of slags and tailings, and remobilization/reworking of contaminated estuarine sediments, is still recorded in marine sediments.},
	keywords = {mining activities, Rare earth elements},
	issn = {0048-9697},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.143},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969716315959},
	author = {M{\'a}rio Mil-Homens and Carlos Vale and Filipa Naughton and Pedro Brito and Teresa Drago and B{\'a}rbara Anes and Joana Raimundo and Sabine Schmidt and Miguel Caetano}
}
@article {2573,
	title = {Historical records of organic matter supply and degradation status in the East Siberian Sea},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-01-2016},
	pages = {16 - 30},
	abstract = {Destabilization and degradation of permafrost carbon in the Arctic regions could constitute a positive feedback to climate change. A better understanding of its fate upon discharge to the Arctic shelf is therefore needed. In this study, bulk carbon isotopes as well as terrigenous and marine biomarkers were used to construct two centennial records in the East Siberian Sea. Differences in topsoil and Pleistocene Ice Complex Deposit permafrost concentrations, modeled using δ13C and Δ14C, were larger between inner and outer shelf than the changes over time. Similarly, lignin-derived phenol and cutin acid concentrations differed by a factor of ten between the two stations, but did not change significantly over time, consistent with the dual-carbon isotope model. High molecular weight (HMW) n-alkane and n-alkanoic acid concentrations displayed a smaller difference between the two stations (factor of 3{\textendash}6). By contrast, the fraction for marine OC drastically decreased during burial with a half-life of 19{\textendash}27 years. Vegetation and degradation proxies suggested supply of highly degraded gymnosperm wood tissues. Lipid Carbon Preference Index (CPI) values indicated more extensively degraded HMW n-alkanes on the outer shelf with no change over time, whereas n-alkanoic acids appeared to be less degraded toward the core top with no large differences between the stations. Taken together, our results show larger across-shelf changes than down-core trends. Further investigation is required to establish whether the observed spatial differences are due to different sources for the two depositional settings or, alternatively, a consequence of hydrodynamic sorting combined with selective degradation during cross-shelf transport.},
	keywords = {210Pb, Arctic, East Siberian Arctic Shelf, HMW wax lipids, Lignin, Monte Carlo, δ13C, Δ14C},
	issn = {01466380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.10.008},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.10.008},
	author = {Broder, Lisa and Tesi, Tommaso and Andersson, August and Eglinton, Timothy I. and Semiletov, Igor P. and Dudarev, Oleg V. and Roos, Per and Gustafsson, ?rjan}
}
@article { ISI:000381081600003,
	title = {Hydrogen isotopic analysis with a chromium-packed reactor of organic compounds of relevance to ecological, archaeological, and forensic applications},
	journal = {RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY},
	volume = {30},
	number = {{16}},
	year = {2016},
	month = {AUG 30},
	pages = {1857-1864},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {RationaleThe H-2 values of some nitrogen-containing organic compounds measured by High-Temperature Conversion (HTC) with a glassy carbon reactor have been shown to be inaccurate. A probable explanation for these analytical inaccuracies is the formation of HCN, allowing some hydrogen atoms to escape isotope ratio measurement. We assess this isotopic effect in sample types commonly used for (paleo)ecological, environmental, archaeological, and forensic investigations. MethodsThe H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) values and mass fraction H using a factory-recommended glassy carbon HTC reactor packing were compared with those obtained from using two Cr-containing reactor packings for a variety of N-containing substances, including amino acids, collagen, hair, and silk. Results(2)H(VSMOW-SLAP) values and mass fraction H differed by reactor packing for most, but not all, N-containing samples. The H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) difference was 10-11 for modern collagen and 12-14 parts per thousand for hair, demonstrating that reactor configuration is important for these proteins, and that the use of a chromium-packed reactor may be desirable. In contrast, Bombyx mori cocoon (silk) H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) values did not differ with reactor type. In general, H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) and mass fraction H differences by reactor packing increased with mass fraction nitrogen in the sample. With the Cr-packed reactor hydrogen mass fractions were at theoretically expected values, while the glassy carbon reactor produced lower yields of hydrogen. ConclusionsThe protein and amino acid H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) values measured by factory-recommended online HTC methods differ from those from Cr-containing reactor packing. The magnitude of the differences is variable with sample type; the molecular structure and diagenetic history of each sample may be important. Careful attention to this effect is therefore recommended for the H-2 measurement for all nitrogen-containing analytes. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	issn = {0951-4198},
	doi = {10.1002/rcm.7662},
	author = {Reynard, Linda M. and Tuross, Noreen}
}
@article {2517,
	title = {A major increase in winter snowfall during the middle Holocene on western Greenland caused by reduced sea ice in Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Apr-05-2018},
	pages = {5302 - 5308},
	abstract = {Recent observations indicate that ice-ocean interaction drives much of the recent increase in mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet; however, the role of ocean forcing in driving past glacier change is poorly understood. To extend the observational record and our understanding of the ocean-cryosphere link, we used a multi-proxy approach that combines new data from proglacial lake sediments, C-14-dated in situ moss that recently emerged from beneath cold-based ice caps, and Be-10 ages to reconstruct centennial-scale records of mountain glacier activity for the past similar to 10 k. y. in West Greenland. Proglacial lake sediment records and C-14 dating of moss indicate the onset of Neoglaciation in West Greenland at ca. 5 ka with substantial snowline lowering and glacier expansion at ca. 3.7 ka followed by additional ice expansion phases at ca. 2.9, ca. 1.7, and ca. 1.4 ka and during the Little Ice Age. We find that widespread glacier growth at ca. 3.7 ka in West Greenland coincides with marked cooling and reduced strength of the West Greenland Current in Disko Bugt. The transition to cooler ocean conditions at ca. 3.7 ka identified in Disko Bugt is registered by marine proxy data farther afield in East Greenland and on the northwestern Icelandic shelf, implying large-scale paleoceanographic changes across the North Atlantic during this interval. The similarity between glacier change on West Greenland and multiple marine and terrestrial records across the North Atlantic suggests that glaciers are strongly influenced by changes in ocean circulation and consequently implies that the ocean-cryosphere teleconnection is a persistent feature of the Arctic system. 
},
	doi = {10.1002/2016GL068513},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016GL068513},
	author = {Thomas, Elizabeth K. and Briner, Jason P. and Ryan-Henry, John J. and Huang, Yongsong}
}
@article {Culver2016360,
	title = {Micropaleontologic record of Pliocene and Quaternary paleoenvironments in the southern Albemarle Embayment, North Carolina, U.S.A},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {457},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {360 - 379},
	abstract = {Abstract The Albemarle Embayment, a Cenozoic depositional basin on the Atlantic coast of the USA, is an ideal setting to understand the temporal and spatial variation of eustatic sea-level fluctuations, glacio-hydro-isostasy, tectonics, subsidence, environments and sedimentation patterns of a passive margin Quaternary section. A NE{\textendash}SW transect of cores and seismic data in the southern Albemarle Embayment were analyzed using micropaleontologic (foraminifera, diatoms, pollen), sedimentologic, stratigraphic, and geochronologic data to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental evolution and paleoclimates in the nearly 90 m thick Quaternary section. The study area is a very low gradient Quaternary landscape that is cross-cut by several Pleistocene incised valleys; a Holocene barrier island complex forms its eastern margin. In the subsurface, the Albemarle Embayment is bordered to the north by the Norfolk Arch and to the south by the depositionally-constructed Cape Lookout High, which is positioned on the northern flank of the structural Carolina Platform. The Quaternary section overlies mid-Pliocene carbonates in three cores; the contact rises in elevation towards the Cape Lookout High. Fossils and sediment characteristics suggest a subtropical, shallow, high energy marine environment during the Pliocene. Overlying units include incomplete Pleistocene, clastic, transgressive-regressive (T-R) deposits. These have similar ages and stratigraphic signatures as the T-R cycles in the central and north-central Albemarle Embayment, although mid-Pleistocene deposits may be older in the southern region. The bulk of the early and mid-Pleistocene record consists of inner to mid-shelf sand and muddy sand. In contrast, late Pleistocene sands are of inner shelf origin, reflecting the infilling of the basin. Lowstand paleovalleys, with fluvial, wetland and estuarine fill, dissect the early, mid- and late Pleistocene marine units; their locations reflect antecedent topography. Holocene sediments were deposited in shoreface and barrier island environments. Quaternary foraminiferal assemblages in the southern Albemarle Embayment exhibit greater species richness than those in the central and north-central embayment reflecting the presence of a major biogeographic boundary at the same location as the modern biogeographic boundary at Cape Hatteras.},
	keywords = {Holocene},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.05.017},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018216301572},
	author = {Stephen J. Culver and Kathleen M. Farrell and David J. Mallinson and Debra A. Willard and Benjamin P. Horton and Stanley R. Riggs and E. Robert Thieler and John F. Wehmiller and Peter R. Parham and Jessica Pierson Moore and Scott W. Snyder and Caroline Hillier}
}
@article {2542,
	title = {No iron fertilization in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the last ice age},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {529},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Mar-01-2018},
	pages = {519 - 522},
	abstract = {The equatorial Pacific Ocean is one of the major high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions in the global ocean. In such regions, the consumption of the available macro-nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate is thought to be limited in part by the low abundance of the critical micro-nutrient iron1. Greater atmospheric dust deposition2 could have fertilized the equatorial Pacific with iron during the last ice age{\textemdash}the Last Glacial Period (LGP){\textemdash}but the effect of increased ice-age dust fluxes on primary productivity in the equatorial Pacific remains uncertain3, 4, 5, 6. Here we present meridional transects of dust (derived from the 232Th proxy), phytoplankton productivity (using opal, 231Pa/230Th and excess Ba), and the degree of nitrate consumption (using foraminifera-bound δ15N) from six cores in the central equatorial Pacific for the Holocene (0{\textendash}10,000 years ago) and the LGP (17,000{\textendash}27,000 years ago). We find that, although dust deposition in the central equatorial Pacific was two to three times greater in the LGP than in the Holocene, productivity was the same or lower, and the degree of nitrate consumption was the same. These biogeochemical findings suggest that the relatively greater ice-age dust fluxes were not large enough to provide substantial iron fertilization to the central equatorial Pacific. This may have been because the absolute rate of dust deposition in the LGP (although greater than the Holocene rate) was very low. The lower productivity coupled with unchanged nitrate consumption suggests that the subsurface major nutrient concentrations were lower in the central equatorial Pacific during the LGP. As these nutrients are today dominantly sourced from the Subantarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean, we propose that the central equatorial Pacific data are consistent with more nutrient consumption in the Subantarctic Zone, possibly owing to iron fertilization as a result of higher absolute dust fluxes in this region7, 8. Thus, ice-age iron fertilization in the Subantarctic Zone would have ultimately worked to lower, not raise, equatorial Pacific productivity.},
	keywords = {Biogeochemistry, Palaeoceanography},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature16453},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature16453},
	author = {Costa, K. M. and McManus, J. F. and Anderson, R. F. and Ren, H. and Sigman, D. M. and Winckler, G. and Fleisher, M. Q. and Marcantonio, F. and Ravelo, A. C.}
}
@article {Mason20161,
	title = {Parent material influence on soil response to vegetation change, Southeastern Minnesota, U.S.A.},
	journal = {Geoderma},
	volume = {275},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {1 - 17},
	abstract = {Abstract Soil morphology changes dramatically across the former transition from forest to grassland in the Midwestern U.S.A. That vegetation boundary shifted as a result of Holocene climatic change and fire suppression following Euroamerican settlement, but the timescale of soil response to those vegetation changes and the factors that influence it are poorly known. On steep colluvial slopes of southeastern Minnesota, Mollisols with thick, dark A horizons typically associated with grassland are found today under deciduous forest. Soils with much thinner and/or lighter-colored A horizons occur immediately up- and downslope of the forest-covered Mollisols. Most of the soils with thick A horizons are not in topographic settings found to favor organic matter accumulation in other landscapes. Principal component analysis highlights important axes of textural and mineralogical variation among horizons of these soils, often related to parent material properties. Soils with and without thick A horizons are separated along one principal component heavily loaded by high pH, reflecting the presence of dolomite fragments in the hillslope sediment that soils with thick, dark A horizons formed in. Stable C isotope analysis reveals that the Mollisols with thick, dark A horizons under forest had C input from vegetation with abundant \{C4\} grasses in the past. Public land survey data also indicate replacement of grassland or savanna by forest since 1854 on colluvial slopes where forest-covered Mollisols occur today. We propose that the soils with thick, dark A horizons under forest today reflect a lagged response to vegetation change, from grassland or savanna to closed forest. Their thick A horizons and some C4-derived organic matter may be preserved because dolomite weathering releases abundant Ca++ and Mg++ that favor aggregation and organic matter stabilization. Soils with thin A horizons just up- or downslope may also have formed partly under grasses, but have responded more quickly and/or more substantially to vegetation change.},
	keywords = {Parent material},
	issn = {0016-7061},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.04.004},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706116301513},
	author = {Joseph A. Mason and Peter M. Jacobs and Kristine E. Gruley and Paul Reyerson and Paul R. Hanson}
}
@article {Pendea201651,
	title = {Prehistoric human responses to volcanic tephra fall events in the Ust-Kamchatsk region, Kamchatka Peninsula (Kamchatsky Krai, Russian Federation) during the middle to late Holocene (6000{\textendash}500~cal~BP)},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {394},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Volcanic Activity and Human Society},
	pages = {51 - 68},
	abstract = {Abstract Prehistoric peoples in Kamchatka coped with recurrent volcanic tephra fall events during the middle to late Holocene. Recent data collected by the International Collaborative Circumpolar Archaeological Project (ICAAP) between 2009 and 2011 explores the long-term relationships between drastic landscape change and concomitant human response. A combination of new archaeological, paleoenvironmental and tephrochronological data demonstrate how the major Ksudach 1750~cal~BP (KS1) eruption accelerated settlement relocation from the interior to the paleo-coastline.},
	keywords = {Tephra},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.07.033},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618215007090},
	author = {I. Florin Pendea and Hans Harmsen and Dustin Keeler and Ezra B.W. Zubrow and Gregory Korosec and Erika Ruhl and Irina Ponkratova and Eva Hulse}
}
@article {2512,
	title = {Sediment chronology in Antarctic deglacial sediments: Reconciling organic carbon <sup>14</sup>               C ages to carbonate <sup>14</sup>               C ages using Ramped PyrOx},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-02-2016},
	pages = {265 - 273},
	abstract = {We present the first study which directly compares carbonate radiocarbon (14C) dates with the Ramped PyrOx (RP) radiocarbon dating technique within a single sediment core, and we confirm the utility for the latter constructing chronologies of high latitude, Holocene marine margin sediment successions. Historically, the heavily detrital nature of Antarctic margin sedimentary organic material and lack of carbonate preservation have made these sediments difficult to date accurately. Here, we use archived cores with existing foraminiferal ages to compare with RP dates at equal or similar depth intervals. The lowest temperature RP splits were integrated over narrower intervals than in previous studies to reduce the amount of mixing with older, more thermochemically stable end-members during pyrolytic decomposition. Ages of the low-temperature RP splits coincide with their corresponding carbonate counterparts, suggesting that the RP 14C dating method is a reliable alternative to carbonate dates in sediments where carbonates are absent or not sufficiently preserved for 14C dating. The rarity of calcareous material in most Antarctic sediments often obligates the use of the bulk acid insoluble organic (AIO) fraction of the sediment, which can be problematic because of contamination by older carbon. The bulk AIO 14C ages, which are calculated using the weighted arithmetic mean of all RP splits of individual samples, show that age reversals and biases can occur using bulk AIO dates for age models because of variable proportions of pre-aged organic matter down-core. The application of the RP dating method can reduce these effects to produce a more reliable chronology that is statistically identical to the foraminiferal dating chronology. 

},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683615608688},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683615608688},
	author = {Subt, Cristina and Fangman, Kimberly A and Wellner, Julia S and Rosenheim, Brad E}
}
@article {Layzell201645,
	title = {Stratigraphy, morphology, and geochemistry of late Quaternary buried soils on the High Plains of southwestern Kansas, USA},
	journal = {CATENA},
	volume = {144},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {45 - 55},
	abstract = {Abstract This study investigated two stratigraphic sequences that record the complex interplay of sedimentation and pedogenesis over the past ca. 84 ka on the High Plains of southwestern Kansas. Up to eight eolian sand and loess units with associated soils were identified in two cores collected from an upland setting. Soil morphological and geochemical data were used to quantitatively assess and compare soil development between multiple buried soils. Chronostratigraphic relationships indicate that 1) loess and eolian sands were episodically deposited during late Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 (ca. 84{\textendash}70 ka), 2) the Sangamon soil at this site formed between \{MIS\} 3/4 (ca. 70{\textendash}52 ka), which is consistent with age estimates for renewed Sangamon pedogenesis in the Mississippi River valley, and 3) soil development in the Gilman Canyon Formation began at ca. 44 ka and continued until at least 29.2 ka. Multiple lines of evidence, including grain-size distributions, structure, clay content, and chemical weathering index data, indicate that the morphology and chemistry of the Ak horizon developed in the Gilman Canyon Formation is a product of cumulization by slow loess additions. Similar evidence suggests that cumulization processes are also responsible for the morphology and chemistry of other buried soils in the stratigraphic sequence. Overall, loess inputs during pedogenesis complicate the quantification of weathering processes in these soils.},
	keywords = {Sangamon soil},
	issn = {0341-8162},
	doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2016.05.003},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0341816216301655},
	author = {Anthony L. Layzell and Rolfe D. Mandel and Tammy M. Rittenour and Jon J. Smith and R. Hunter Harlow and Greg A. Ludvigson}
}
@article {Cook201684,
	title = {Tracing subarctic Pacific water masses with benthic foraminiferal stable isotopes during the \{LGM\} and late Pleistocene},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {125{\textendash}126},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Plio-Pleistocene Paleoceanography of the Bering Sea},
	pages = {84 - 95},
	abstract = {Abstract As the largest ocean basin, the Pacific helps to set the global climate state, since its circulation affects mean ocean properties, air{\textendash}sea partitioning of carbon dioxide, and the distribution of global oceanic poleward heat transport. There is evidence that during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) the subarctic Pacific contained a better-ventilated, relatively fresh intermediate water mass above ~2000 m that may have formed locally. The source and spatial extent of this water mass is not known, nor do we know how formation of this water mass varied during Pleistocene glaciations with different orbital and ice sheet boundary conditions. Here we present a 0.5 My multi-species benthic stable isotope record from Site \{U1345\} (1008 m) on the northern Bering slope and a 1.0 My record from \{U1339\} (1868 m) from the Umnak Plateau in the southeastern basin. We find that the relatively well-ventilated low-δ18O intermediate water reaches 1000 m in the Bering Sea during MIS2, but that the hydrographic divide between this water mass and poorly-ventilated deep water was shallower than 1000 m for earlier glaciations. We also compare Bering Sea piston core and {\.I}ODP\} Expedition 323 Uvigerina data from the Holocene and \{LGM\} with the modern hydrography, and to previously published profiles from the Okhotsk Sea and Emperor Seamounts. We find that the carbon and oxygen stable isotope signatures of well-ventilated water in the Bering and Okhotsk Seas are distinct, suggesting that there may have been intermediate water formation in both basins during the LGM.},
	keywords = {Ocean circulation},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.02.006},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064516300157},
	author = {Mea S. Cook and A. Christina Ravelo and Alan Mix and Ian M. Nesbitt and Nari V. Miller}
}
@article {2577,
	title = {Twenty-five-year longevity of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) from novel use of bomb radiocarbon dating in the Mediterranean Sea},
	journal = {Marine and Freshwater Research},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-01-2016},
	pages = {1077},
	abstract = {The high variability of growth and longevity estimates for European hake (Merluccius merluccius) reflects the existence of two opposing hypotheses on growth rates that differ by a factor of 2: (1) a fast-growing hypothesis (FGH) with a maximum age near 15 years; and (2) a slow-growing hypothesis (SGH) with a maximum age near 30 years. A recently established regional radiocarbon (14C) reference led to a first-time application of bomb 14C dating in the Mediterranean Sea to three of the largest-sized and potentially oldest-catch female European hake. Because age reading of otoliths is very subjective and poorly defined, these fish were aged blind with bomb radiocarbon (14C) dating as an independent estimate of validated age. The validated ages were compared with the theoretical maximum ages from the most reliable FGH and SGH von Bertalanffy growth functions. Among the three bomb 14C ages, the most diagnostic length-at-age was an alignment with the bomb 14C rise period for two of the three fish, providing validated ages of 22 years (74.5-cm total length) and 25 years (88-cm total length). The results provide estimates of length-at-age that are in agreement with the SGH and cannot be accounted for by the FGH. },
	keywords = {Age validation, Carbon-14, growth, lifespan, Merlucciidae},
	issn = {1323-1650},
	doi = {10.1071/MF15376},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1071/MF15376},
	author = {Vitale, Sergio and Andrews, Allen H. and Rizzo, Pietro and Gancitano, Salvatore and Fiorentino, Fabio}
}
@article {2589,
	title = {Accretion history of mid-Holocene coral reefs from the southeast Florida continental reef tract, USA},
	journal = {Coral Reefs},
	volume = {34872624292351278520242597237061293327511611519362751494811122751520228638172349513073526222412724},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-03-2015},
	pages = {173 - 187},
	abstract = {Sixteen  new  coral  reef  cores  were  collected  to better  understand  the accretion  history  and  composition of submerged relict reefs offshore of continental southeast (SE) Florida. Coral radiometric ages from three sites on the shallow inner reef indicate accretion initiated by 8,050 Cal BP and terminated by 5,640 Cal BP. The reef accreted up to 3.75 m of vertical   framework   with   accretion   rates   that   averaged 2.53 m kyr-1. The reef was composed of a nearly even mixture of Acropora palmata and massive corals. In many cases, cores show an upward transition from massives to A. palmata and may indicate local dominance by this species prior to reef demise. Quantitative macroscopic analyses of reef clasts for various taphonomic and diagenetic features did not correlate well with depth/environmental-related trends established in other studies. The mixed coral framestone reef lacks a classical  Caribbean  reef  zonation  and  is  best  described  as  an immature reef and/or a series of fused patch reefs; a pattern that is evident in both cores and reef morphology. This is in stark contrast to the older and deeper outer reef of the SE Florida continental reef tract. Accretion of the outer reef lasted from 10,695{\textendash}8,000 Cal BP and resulted in a larger and better developed structure that achieved a distinct reef zonation. The discrepancies in overall reef morphology and size as well as the causes of reef terminations remain elusive without further study, yet they likely point to different climatic/environmental conditions during their respective accretion histories.},
	keywords = {Backstepping, Holocene, Reef accretion, Relict reef, SE Florida continental reef tract},
	issn = {0722-4028},
	doi = {10.1007/s00338-014-1233-3},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00338-014-1233-3http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00338-014-1233-3},
	author = {Stathakopoulos, A. and Riegl, B. M.}
}
@article {549,
	title = {AMS radiocarbon dating of very large Grandidier{\textquoteright}s baobabs (Adansonia grandidieri)},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {361},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Cu2hzTimes Cited:2Cited References Count:20},
	month = {Oct 15},
	pages = {591-598},
	abstract = {The article reports the AMS radiocarbon investigation of the two largest known Adansonia grandidieri specimens. The two baobabs, which are named Tsitakakoike and Pregnant baobab, are located in Southwestern Madagascar, near Andombiro. A third specimen from this area, the House baobab, was also investigated. According to measurements, Tsitakakoike is the biggest individual above ground level of all Adansonia species. The House baobab was selected for its exposed structure, which is identical to the closed ring-shaped structure with false cavities identified by us in large and old Adansonia digitata specimens. According to our research, Tsitakakoike and the Pregnant baobab have multi-stemmed cylindrical trunks which are mainly hollow; the two very large baobabs also possess a ring-shaped structure. The radiocarbon dates of the oldest wood samples collected from the large trunks were 1274 {\textpm} 20 bp for Tsitakakoike and 930 {\textpm} 20 bp for the Pregnant baobab. According to their original positions and to the architectures of the two A. grandidieri, the ages of Tsitakakoike and Pregnant baobab would be between 1300 and 1500 years. Therefore, A. grandidieri becomes the third Adansonia species with individuals that can live over 1000 years, according to accurate dating results.},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2015.04.044},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and von Reden, Karl F. and Danthu, Pascal and Leong Pock-Tsy, Jean-Michel and Rakosy, Laszlo and Patrut, Roxana T. and Lowy, Daniel A. and Margineanu, Dragos}
}
@article {29,
	title = {Bayesian 14C analysis, formation processes, and accumulation rates of the Prisoners Harbor shell midden and village complex, Santa Cruz Island, California},
	journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {257-264},
	abstract = {The Prisoners Harbor site (CA-SCRI-240), one of the largest sites on California{\textquoteright}s Channel Islands and the likely location of the Chumash village Xaxas, played a key role in regional models of emergent complexity and culture contact. Despite substantial excavation at the site, published research has focused on the most recent 500 years of the site{\textquoteright}s occupation, with comparatively little attention given to the 2{\textendash}3 millennia preceding this. Here we focus on the formation and chronology of CA-SCRI-240 by presenting a Bayesian analysis of 36 radiocarbon dates from throughout the site{\textquoteright}s occupation. Comparing three suites of radiocarbon dates, we provide a revised chronology for CA-SCRI-240 and examine site formation processes, sediment deposition rates, and the implications our study holds for reconciling older radiometric dates with large analytical errors and higher precision accelerator mass spectrometry dates. Our analysis suggests that the earliest site occupation was 2750 cal BP, roughly 2000 years later than previously presumed. Sedimentation rates vary throughout the 5.7 m sequence. Deposits for the first 1000 years accumulated slowly followed by relative increase in accumulation rates in the uppermost occupation levels dating to historic times. Our study demonstrates the importance of Bayesian analysis for improving radiocarbon chronologies for large, multi-component sites.},
	issn = {2352-409X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.06.022},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352409X15300420},
	author = {Jew, Nicholas P. and Rick, Torben C. and Glassow, Michael A. and Arnold, Jeanne E.}
}
@article { ISI:000358041400001,
	title = {Comparing dust flux records from the Subarctic North Pacific and Greenland: Implications for atmospheric transport to Greenland and for the application of dust as a chronostratigraphic tool},
	journal = {PALEOCEANOGRAPHY},
	volume = {30},
	number = {{6}},
	year = {2015},
	month = {JUN},
	pages = {583-600},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We present a new record of eolian dust flux to the western Subarctic North Pacific (SNP) covering the past 27,000years based on a core from the Detroit Seamount. Comparing the SNP dust record to the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) ice core record shows significant differences in the amplitude of dust changes to the two regions during the last deglaciation, while the timing of abrupt changes is synchronous. If dust deposition in the SNP faithfully records its mobilization in East Asian source regions, then the difference in the relative amplitude must reflect climate-related changes in atmospheric dust transport to Greenland. Based on the synchronicity in the timing of dust changes in the SNP and Greenland, we tie abrupt deglacial transitions in the Th-230-normalized He-4 flux record to corresponding transitions in the well-dated NGRIP dust flux record to provide a new chronostratigraphic technique for marine sediments from the SNP. Results from this technique are complemented by radiocarbon dating, which allows us to independently constrain radiocarbon paleoreservoir ages. We find paleoreservoir ages of 745140years at 11,653year B.P., 680228years at 14,630year B.P., and 790498years at 23,290year B.P. Our reconstructed paleoreservoir ages are consistent with modern surface water reservoir ages in the western SNP. Good temporal synchronicity between eolian dust records from the Subantarctic Atlantic and equatorial Pacific and the ice core record from Antarctica supports the reliability of the proposed dust tuning method to be used more widely in other global ocean regions.},
	keywords = {atmospheric circulation, chronostratigrapy, eolian dust, helium-4, paleoreservoir age, Subarctic North Pacific},
	issn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1002/2014PA002748},
	author = {Serno, Sascha and Winckler, Gisela and Anderson, Robert F. and Maier, Edith and Ren, Haojia and Gersonde, Rainer and Haug, Gerald H.}
}
@article {18,
	title = {Controls on the distribution and fractionation of yttrium and rare earth elements in core sediments from the Mandovi estuary, western India},
	journal = {Continental Shelf Research},
	volume = {92},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {59-71},
	abstract = {Mineralogy, major elements (Fe, Mn and Al), rare earths and yttrium (REY) of bulk sediments were analyzed in four gravity cores recovered along the main channel of the Mandovi estuary, western India, to determine the sources and controls on REY distribution. The accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) ages of total organic carbon indicated modern age for the sediments of the upper estuary and, maximum mean ages of 1588 years AD and 539 years AD for the bottom sediments of the cores in the lower estuary and bay, respectively. The sediments of the upper/middle estuary showed abundant hematite, magnetite and goethite and high Fe, Mn, total-REE (ΣREE) and Y, while those in the lower estuary/bay showed abundant silicate minerals and relatively low Fe, Mn, ΣREE and Y. ΣREE showed significant correlation with clay and silt fractions and Y, Al and organic carbon (OC) content of the sediments. The light to heavy REE ratios (LREE/HREE) of sediments were lower than in Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS). The PAAS-normalized rare earths and yttrium (REY; Y inserted between Dy and Ho) patterns of sediments showed middle REE (MREE)- and HREE-enrichment with positive Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu⁎) and variable Ce anomaly (Ce/Ce⁎). The REY of sediments is primarily controlled by its texture and REE of source sediment, which is ore material-dominated in the upper/middle estuary and silicate material-dominated in the lower estuary/bay. Low LREE/HREE ratios suggest that very fine-grained sediments were carried away from the estuary because of high-energy conditions. Fractionations of REY (Y/Ho, Sm/Nd, Ce/Ce⁎ and Eu/Eu⁎) are controlled by different mechanisms. High Y/Ho ratios in clayey silts are due to redistribution of Y and Ho by adsorption onto organic-rich, clays. Variations in Sm/Nd ratios are similar to that of Eu/Eu⁎ in cores from the lower estuary/bay and are controlled by mineral constituents of the sediments. Positive Ce and Eu anomalies are inherited from ore material, and ore material and source rocks, respectively. Negative Ce anomaly is related to source rock material and influenced by lanthanum enrichment at certain sediment intervals.},
	issn = {0278-4343},
	doi = {10.1016/j.csr.2014.11.003},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434314003215},
	author = {Prajith, A. and Rao, V. Purnachandra and Kessarkar, Pratima M.}
}
@article { ISI:000364884400008,
	title = {Early deglacial onset of southwestern Greenland ice-sheet retreat on the continental shelf},
	journal = {QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS},
	volume = {128},
	year = {2015},
	month = {NOV 15},
	pages = {117-126},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) advanced onto the continental shelf during the last glacial period. While deglacial records for when the GrIS withdrew onto the modern coastline are relatively abundant, the timing of early GrIS retreat on the shelf is poorly constrained. Here we use planktic foraminiferal delta O-18, sediment grain size, sedimentation rates, and C-14 ages in southeastern Davis Strait core HU87033-008 to develop an early deglaciation chronology of the southwestern GrIS while on the continental shelf. Sedimentation rates, and especially silt and clay fractions, are high between similar to 20.5 and similar to 17.1 ka, suggesting that the southwestern GrIS margin was near or at the shelf break, where it released subglacially derived sediment-laden meltwater. A peak in sedimentation rates of similar to 110 cm ka(-1) between similar to 19.3 ka and similar to 18.6 ka, combined with an initial decrease in planktic delta O-18 of similar to 0.5 per mil, suggests an early deglacial pull back of the GrIS margin from the shelf break with a concurrent increase in surface ocean meltwater discharge. A subsequent planktic delta O-18 decrease of similar to 1.0 per mil combined with a drop in silt and clay sedimentation rates at 18-17 ka likely record further GrIS retreat inland from the shelf break. Terrestrial Be-10 surface exposure ages indicate that the GrIS margin remained on the continental shelf until similar to 11 ka, yet the cause of this subsequent ice-margin stability on the inner shelf is not known. Our new records provide the first evidence that the southwestern GrIS margin may have begun to deglaciate at the same time as other Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. As Labrador Sea water temperatures likely remained near glacial values until similar to 15 ka, we suggest that initial southwestern GrIS retreat was in response to rising global sea level from retreat of other ice sheets and/or the initial deglacial rise in boreal summer insolation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Davis Strait, Deglaciation, Greenland, Retreat forcings, sea level, Sedimentation rate},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.008},
	author = {Winsor, Kelsey and Carlson, Anders E. and Welke, Bethany M. and Reilly, Brendan}
}
@article {544,
	title = {Forces driving late Pleistocene (ca. 77{\textendash}12 ka) landscape evolution in the Cimarron River valley, southwestern Kansas},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {84},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {106-117},
	abstract = {This study presents stratigraphic, geomorphic, and paleoenvironmental (δ13C) data that provide insight into the late Pleistocene landscape evolution of the Cimarron River valley in the High Plains of southwestern Kansas. Two distinct valley fills (T-1 and T-2) were investigated. Three soils occur in the T-2 fill and five in the T-1 fill, all indicating periods of landscape stability or slow sedimentation. Of particular interest are two cumulic soils dating to ca. 48{\textendash}28 and 13{\textendash}12.5 ka. δ13C values are consistent with regional paleoenvironmental proxy data that indicate the prevalence of warm, dry conditions at these times. The Cimarron River is interpreted to have responded to these climatic changes and to local base level control. Specifically, aggradation occurred during cool, wet periods and slow sedimentation with cumulic soil formation occurred under warmer, drier climates. Significant valley incision (~ 25 m) by ca. 28 ka likely resulted from a lowering of local base level caused by deep-seated dissolution of Permian evaporite deposits.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2015.05.003},
	author = {Layzell, Anthony L. and Mandel, Rolfe D. and Ludvigson, Greg A. and Rittenour, Tammy M. and Smith, Jon J.}
}
@article {2569,
	title = {Glacial-interglacial changes in central tropical Pacific surface seawater property gradients},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-05-2015},
	pages = {423 - 438},
	abstract = {Much uncertainty exists about the state of the oceanic and atmospheric circulation in the tropical Pacific over the last glacial cycle. Studies have been hampered by the fact that sediment cores suitable for study were concentrated in the western and eastern parts of the tropical Pacific, with little information from the central tropical Pacific. Here we present information from a suite of sediment cores collected from the Line Islands Ridge in the central tropical Pacific, which show sedimentation rates and stratigraphies suitable for paleoceanographic investigations. Based on the radiocarbon and oxygen isotope measurements on the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber, we construct preliminary age models for selected cores and show that the gradient in the oxygen isotope ratio of G. ruber between the equator and 8{\textdegree}N is enhanced during glacial stages relative to interglacial stages. This stronger gradient could reflect enhanced equatorial cooling (perhaps reflecting a stronger Walker circulation) or an enhanced salinity gradient (perhaps reflecting increased rainfall in the central tropical Pacific).},
	doi = {10.1002/2014PA002746},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014PA002746},
	author = {Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean and Polissar, Pratigya J. and Jacobel, Allison W. and Hovan, Steven A. and Pockalny, Robert A. and Lyle, Mitchell and Murray, Richard W. and Ravelo, A. Christina and Bova, Samantha C. and Dunlea, Ann G. and Ford, Heather L. and Hertzberg, Jennifer E. and Wertman, Christina A. and Maloney, Ashley E. and Shackford, Julia K. and Wejnert, Katherine and Xie, Ruifang C.}
}
@article {2454,
	title = {Growth rate determinations from radiocarbon in bamboo corals (genus  Keratoisis )},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-11-2015},
	pages = {26 - 40},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon (14C) measurements are an important tool for determining growth rates of bamboo corals, a cosmopolitan group of calcitic deep-sea corals. Published growth rate estimates for bamboo corals are highly variable, with potential environmental or ecological drivers of this variability poorly constrained. Here we systematically investigate the application of 14C for growth rate determinations in bamboo corals using 55 14C dates on the calcite and organic fractions of six bamboo corals (identified as Keratoisis sp.) from the western North Atlantic Ocean. Calcite 14C measurements on the distal surface of these corals and five previously published bamboo corals exhibit a strong one-to-one relationship with the 14C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DI14C) in ambient seawater (r2=0.98), confirming the use of Keratoisis sp. calcite 14C as a proxy for seawater 14C activity. Radial growth rates determined from 14C age-depth regressions, 14C plateau tuning and bomb 14C reference chronologies range from 12 to 78 {\textmu}m y-1, in general agreement with previously published radiometric growth rates. We document potential biases to 14C growth rate determinations resulting from water mass variability, bomb radiocarbon, secondary infilling (ontogeny), and growth rate nonlinearity. Radial growth rates for Keratoisis sp. specimens do not correlate with ambient temperature, suggesting that additional biological and/or environmental factors may influence bamboo coral growth rates.},
	keywords = {Bamboo coral, Deep-sea coral, Growth rates, radiocarbon},
	issn = {09670637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2015.08.004},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0967063715001405http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0967063715001405?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0967063715001405?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Farmer, Jesse R. and Robinson, Laura F. and {\"o}nisch, {\"a}rbel}
}
@article {550,
	title = {A high output, large acceptance injector for the NOSAMS Tandetron AMS system},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {361},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Cu2hzTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:13},
	month = {Oct 15},
	pages = {211-216},
	abstract = {We have completed a major upgrade of the National Ocean Sciences AMS Facility (NOSAMS) Tandetron AMS system in two stages. First, the simultaneous (recombinator) injector was replaced with a fast-cycling sequential injector and changes to the low-energy acceleration section. Data after the injector commissioning show an improvement in background, with mean machine background (commercial graphite) of Fm 0.0004 (62 ka). Second, we replaced the original ion source with a high-output 40 sample MCSNICS source. This improved beam currents and raw ratio fractionation, and increased sample to detection efficiency fivefold.},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2015.04.005},
	author = {Longworth, Brett E. and von Reden, Karl F. and Long, Pat and Roberts, Mark L.}
}
@article {33,
	title = {High-frequency surface water changes in the Tagus prodelta off Lisbon, eastern North Atlantic, during the last two millennia},
	journal = {Marine Micropaleontology},
	volume = {117},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {13-24},
	abstract = {A high-resolution sedimentary sequence recovered from the Tagus prodelta has been studied with the objective to reconstruct multi-decadal to centennial-scale climate variability on the western Iberian Margin and to discuss the observations in a wider oceanographic and climatic context. Between ca. 100 BC and AD 400 the foraminiferal fauna and high abundance of Globorotalia inflata indicate advection of subtropical waters via the Azores Current and the winter-time warm Portugal Coastal Current. Between ca. AD 400 and 1350, encompassing the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), enhanced upwelling is indicated by the planktonic foraminiferal fauna, in particular by the high abundance of upwelling indicator species Globigerina bulloides. Relatively light δ18O values and high sea surface temperature (SST) (reconstructed from foraminiferal assemblages) point to upwelling of subtropical Eastern North Atlantic Central Water. Between ca. AD 1350 and 1750, i.e. most of the Little Ice Age, relatively heavy δ18O values and low reconstructed SST, as well as high abundances of Neogloboquadrina incompta, indicate the advection of cold subpolar waters to the area and a southward deflection of the subpolar front in the North Atlantic, as well as changes in the mode of the North Atlantic Oscillation. In addition, the assemblage composition together with the other proxy data reveals less upwelling and stronger river input than during the MCA. Stronger Azores Current influence on the Iberian Margin and strong anthropogenic effect on the climate after AD 1750 is indicated by the foraminiferal fauna. The foraminiferal assemblage shows a significant change in surface water conditions at ca. AD 1900, including enhanced river runoff, a rapid increase in temperature and increased influence of the Azores Current. The Tagus record displays a high degree of similarity to other North Atlantic records, indicating that the site is influenced by atmospheric{\textendash}oceanic processes operating throughout the North Atlantic, as well as by local changes.},
	issn = {0377-8398},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marmicro.2015.03.001},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377839815000213},
	author = {Bartels-J{\'o}nsd{\'o}ttir, Helga B. and Voelker, Antje H. L. and Abrantes, Fatima G. and Salgueiro, Emilia and Rodrigues, Teresa and Knudsen, Karen Luise}
}
@article {543,
	title = {Late Holocene precipitation variability recorded in the sediments of Reloncav{\'\i} Fjord (41{\textdegree}S, 72{\textdegree}W), Chile},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {84},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Co0ceTimes Cited:1Cited References Count:93},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {21-36},
	abstract = {We present reconstructions of late Holocene changes in the source of organic matter and siliceous export production in the Relocanv{\'\i} Fjord (41{\textdegree}S, 72{\textdegree}W), Northern Chilean Patagonia, based on organic carbon content, δ13Corg, N/C ratio, diatom assemblages and biogenic silica contents from three sediment cores. The age models are based on a combination of 210Pb profiles, AMS 14C dating, and on the first occurrence of the diatom Rhizosolenia setigera f. pungens, as a stratigraphic marker in the fjords. The cores span the last 300 to 700 yr. Diatoms dominate the siliceous assemblages in the three cores (98\% on average). Our results suggest that precipitation seasonality in the region of Reloncav{\'\i} was high in CE 1300{\textendash}1400 and CE 1700{\textendash}1850, with a clear decreasing trend since CE 1850. The latter trend is in agreement with instrumental records and tree-ring reconstructions. These fluctuations seem to be associated with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM).},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2015.05.006},
	author = {Rebolledo, Lorena and Lange, Carina B. and Bertrand, S{\'e}bastien and Mu{\~n}oz, Praxedes and Salamanca, Marco and Lazo, Pablo and Iriarte, Jos{\'e} L. and Vargas, Gabriel and Pantoja, Silvio and Dezileau, Laurent}
}
@article {2495,
	title = {Low-frequency storminess signal at Bermuda linked to cooling events in the North Atlantic region},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-02-2015},
	pages = {52 - 76},
	abstract = {North Atlantic climate archives provide evidence for increased storm activity during the Little Ice Age (150 to 600 calibrated years (cal years) B.P.) and centered at 1700 and 3000 cal years B.P., typically in centennial-scale sedimentary records. Meteorological (tropical versus extratropical storms) and climate forcings of this signal remain poorly understood, although variability in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) or Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) are frequently hypothesized to be involved. Here we present records of late Holocene storminess and coastal temperature change from a Bermudian submarine cave that is hydrographically circulated with the coastal ocean. Thermal variability in the cave is documented by stable oxygen isotope values of cave benthic foraminifera, which document a close linkage between regional temperature change and NAO phasing during the late Holocene. However, erosion of terrestrial sediment into the submarine cave provides a {\textquotedblleft}storminess signal{\textquotedblright} that correlates with higher-latitude storminess archives and broader North Atlantic cooling events. Understanding the driver of this storminess signal will require higher-resolution storm records to disentangle the contribution of tropical versus extratropical cyclones and a better understanding of cyclone activity during hemispheric cooling periods. Most importantly, however, the signal in Bermuda appears more closely correlated with proxy-based evidence for subtle AMOC reductions than NAO phasing.},
	doi = {10.1002/2014PA002662},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014PA002662https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2F2014PA002662},
	author = {van Hengstum, Peter J. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Kingston, Andrew W. and Williams, Bruce E. and Scott, David B. and Reinhardt, Eduard G. and Little, Shawna N. and Patterson, William P.}
}
@article {11,
	title = {Palynological reconstruction of environmental changes in coastal wetlands of the Florida Everglades since the mid-Holocene},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {83},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {449-458},
	abstract = {Palynological, loss-on-ignition, and X-ray fluorescence data from a 5.25 m sediment core from a mangrove forest at the mouth of the Shark River Estuary in the southwestern Everglades National Park, Florida were used to reconstruct changes occurring in coastal wetlands since the mid-Holocene. This multi-proxy record contains the longest paleoecological history to date in the southwestern Everglades. The Shark River Estuary basin was formed ~ 5700 cal yr BP in response to increasing precipitation. Initial wetlands were frequently-burned short-hydroperiod prairies, which transitioned into long-hydroperiod prairies with sloughs in which peat deposits began to accumulate continuously about 5250 cal yr BP. Our data suggest that mangrove communities started to appear after ~ 3800 cal yr BP; declines in the abundance of charcoal suggested gradual replacement of fire-dominated wetlands by mangrove forest over the following 2650 yr. By ~ 1150 cal yr BP, a dense Rhizophora mangle dominated mangrove forest had formed at the mouth of the Shark River. The mangrove-dominated coastal ecosystem here was established at least 2000 yr later than has been previously estimated.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2015.03.005},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589415000290},
	author = {Yao, Qiang and Liu, Kam-biu and Platt, William J. and Rivera-Monroy, Victor H.}
}
@article {30,
	title = {A post-glacial relative sea-level curve from Fiordland, New Zealand},
	journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
	volume = {131},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {104-114},
	abstract = {The modern fjords of southwest New Zealand were previously stranded lakes isolated from the Tasman Sea by bedrock and moraine sills following the retreat of glaciers at the Last Glacial Maximum. The isolated lake basins were subsequently inundated with sea water when sea-level rise overtopped the sills. A record of the lacustrine-to-marine environmental transition is preserved in the fjord basin sediments and is identified in two New Zealand fjords with high-resolution seismic data and paleoenvironmental analysis of sediment cores. Seismic data are used to constrain the maximum sill depth and microfossil assemblages are used to track the lacustrine-to-marine transition. Chronology is based on fourteen radiocarbon ages. A relative sea-level curve for Fiordland, New Zealand is constructed based on sill depths and age constraints on the marine incursion. The sea-level curve allows insights into estimated uplift rates for Fiordland during the Holocene. From a lowstand of at least 107 mbsl 14,750 yr ago, these data reveal a stepwise transgression. Meltwater Pulse 1b is identified between 12,400 and 11,400 yr ago, with a second acceleration in sea-level rise observed 9700 yr ago. This record contributes a new sea-level curve for a mid-latitude (45{\textdegree}S) Southern Hemisphere location as well as new evidence for Meltwater Pulse 1b.},
	issn = {0921-8181},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.05.010},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921818115001071},
	author = {Dlabola, E. K. and Wilson, G. S. and Gorman, A. R. and Riesselman, C. R. and Moy, C. M.}
}
@article {14,
	title = {Quantification of refractory organic material in Amazon mudbanks of the French Guiana Coast},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {363},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {93-101},
	abstract = {Sub-oxic overturning mudbanks originating in the Amazon outlet and traveling northwestward along the coast of South America store 3.5 Tg organic carbon on the Amazon shelf, annually. The predominance of old soil carbon burial associated with the sediment has been supported by relatively old bulk radiocarbon ages (~ 2200{\textendash}3200 14C y) reported, but this amount has yet to be quantified for this dynamic setting. Here, we employ ramped pyrolysis radiocarbon dating to mudbank sediments from three cores to further constrain the amount of refractory sedimentary organic carbon present. Using radiocarbon age as a proxy for reactivity, we find that at least 36\% of this organic carbon is pre-aged refractory terrestrial organic carbon, likely sourced from terrestrial soils and averaging ages of 16,100 {\textpm} 300 14C y. This implies significant preservation of pre-aged terrestrial soil material in this marine environment despite the mobility and oxygen availability in the muds. Concurrently, an average of 77\% of this organic material is aged over 1000 14C y, consistent with previous estimates that the majority of organic carbon buried along the shelf is refractory. Analyses of extracted lignin phenols and terrestrial humic acids also support this preservation of refractory terrestrial material. These data indicate that sediment discharged from the Amazon River may preserve refractory terrestrial carbon in marine sediments at a minimum of 3.1 Tg C/y, which is more efficient than originally thought.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2015.02.009},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322715000456},
	author = {Williams, Elizabeth K. and Rosenheim, Brad E. and Allison, Mead and McNichol, Ann P. and Xu, Li}
}
@article { ISI:000354878700008,
	title = {Rapid, high-resolution C-14 chronology of ooids},
	journal = {GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA},
	volume = {159},
	year = {2015},
	month = {JUN 15},
	pages = {126-138},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Ooids are small, spherical to ellipsoidal grains composed of concentric layers of CaCO3 that could potentially serve as biogeochemical records of the environments in which they grew. Such records, however, must be placed in the proper temporal context. Therefore, we developed a novel acidification system and employed an accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) with a gas accepting ion source to obtain radiocarbon (C-14) chronologies extending radially through ooids within one 8-h workday. The method was applied to ooids from Highborne Cay, Bahamas and Shark Bay, Australia, yielding reproducible C-14 chronologies, as well as constraints on the rates and durations of ooid growth and independent estimates of local C-14 reservoir ages. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2015.03.009},
	author = {Beaupr{\'e}, Steven R. and Roberts, Mark L. and Burton, Joshua R. and Summons, Roger E.}
}
@article {2481,
	title = {Sedimentation Pulse in the NE Gulf of Mexico following the 2010 DWH Blowout},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Feb-07-2016},
	pages = {e0132341},
	abstract = {The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil discharge at the seafloor as recorded in bottom sediments of the DeSoto Canyon region in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Through a close coupling of sedimentological, geochemical, and biological approaches, multiple independent lines of evidence from 11 sites sampled in November/December 2010 revealed that the upper ~1 cm depth interval is distinct from underlying sediments and results indicate that particles originated at the sea surface. Consistent dissimilarities in grain size over the surficial ~1 cm of sediments correspond to excess 234Th depths, which indicates a lack of vertical mixing (bioturbation), suggesting the entire layer was deposited within a 4{\textendash}5 month period. Further, a time series from four deep-sea sites sampled up to three additional times over the following two years revealed that excess 234Th depths, accumulation rates, and 234Th inventories decreased rapidly, within a few to several months after initial coring. The interpretation of a rapid sedimentation pulse is corroborated by stratification in solid phase Mn, which is linked to diagenesis and redox change, and the dramatic decrease in benthic formanifera density that was recorded in surficial sediments. Results are consistent with a brief depositional pulse that was also reported in previous studies of sediments, and marine snow formation in surface waters closer to the wellhead during the summer and fall of 2010. Although sediment input from the Mississippi River and advective transport may influence sedimentation on the seafloor in the DeSoto Canyon region, we conclude based on multidisciplinary evidence that the sedimentation pulse in late 2010 is the product of marine snow formation and is likely linked to the DWH discharge.},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0132341},
	url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132341},
	author = {Brooks, Gregg R. and Larson, Rebekka A. and Schwing, Patrick T. and Romero, Isabel and Moore, Christopher and Reichart, Gert-Jan and Jilbert, Tom and Chanton, Jeff P. and Hastings, David W. and Overholt, Will A. and Marks, Kala P. and Kostka, Joel E. and Holmes, Charles W. and Hollander, David},
	editor = {Chin, Wei-Chun}
}
@article {2461,
	title = {Spatial Variation in the Origin of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Snow on the Juneau Icefield, Southeast Alaska},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jun-10-2015},
	pages = {11492 - 11499},
	abstract = {Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays a fundamental role in the biogeochemistry of glacier ecosystems. However, the specific sources of glacier DOC remain unresolved. To assess the origin and nature of glacier DOC, we collected snow from 10 locations along a transect across the Juneau Icefield, Alaska extending from the coast toward the interior. The Δ14C-DOC of snow varied from -743 to -420{\textperthousand} showing progressive depletion across the Icefield as δ18O of water became more depleted (R2 = 0.56). Older DOC corresponded to lower DOC concentrations in snow (R2 = 0.31) and a decrease in percent humic-like fluorescence (R2 = 0.36), indicating an overall decrease in modern DOC across the Icefield. Carbon isotopic signatures (13C and 14C) combined with a three-source mixing model showed that DOC deposited in snow across the Icefield reflects fossil fuel combustion products (43{\textendash}73\%) and to a lesser extent marine (21{\textendash}41\%) and terrestrial sources (1{\textendash}26\%). Our finding that combustion aerosols are a large source of DOC to the glacier ecosystem during the early spring (April{\textendash}May) together with the pronounced rates of glacier melting in the region suggests that the delivery of relic DOC to the ocean may be increasing and consequently impacting the biogeochemistry of glacial and proglacial ecosystems in unanticipated ways.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.5b02685},
	url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.5b02685http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.5b02685},
	author = {Fellman, Jason B. and Hood, Eran and Raymond, Peter A. and Stubbins, Aron and Spencer, Robert G.M.}
}
@article {15,
	title = {Ultra-Small Graphitization Reactors for Ultra-Microscale C-14 Analysis at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (Nosams) Facility},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PT: J; TC: 1; UT: WOS:000351052600009},
	pages = {109-122},
	abstract = {In response to the increasing demand for C-14 analysis of samples containing less than 25 mu g C, ultra-small graphitization reactors with an internal volume of similar to 0.8 mL were developed at NOSAMS. For samples containing 6 to 25 mu g C, these reactors convert CO2 to graphitic carbon in approximately 30 min. Although we continue to refine reaction conditions to improve yield, the reactors produce graphite targets that are successfully measured by AMS. Graphite targets produced with the ultra-small reactors are measured by using the Cs sputter source on the CFAMS instrument at NOSAMS where beam current was proportional to sample mass. We investigated the contribution of blank carbon from the ultra-small reactors and estimate it to be 0.3 +/- 0.1 mu g C with an Fm value of 0.43 +/- 0.3. We also describe equations for blank correction and propagation of error associated with this correction. With a few exceptions for samples in the range of 6 to 7 mu g C, we show that corrected Fm values agree with expected Fm values within uncertainty for samples containing 6-100 mu g C.},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.2458/azu_rc.57.18118},
	author = {Walter, Sunita R. Shah and Gagnon, Alan R. and Roberts, Mark L. and McNichol, Ann P. and Gaylord, Mary C. Lardie and Klein, Elizabeth}
}
@article {2480,
	title = {Using Natural Abundance Radiocarbon To Trace the Flux of Petrocarbon to the Seafloor Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Aug-01-2016},
	pages = {847 - 854},
	abstract = {In 2010, the Deepwater Horizon accident released 4.6{\textendash}6.0 {\texttimes} 1011 grams or 4.1 to 4.6 million barrels of fossil petroleum derived carbon (petrocarbon) as oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Natural abundance radiocarbon measurements on surface sediment organic matter in a 2.4 {\texttimes} 1010 m2 deep-water region surrounding the spill site indicate the deposition of a fossil-carbon containing layer that included 1.6 to 2.6 {\texttimes} 1010 grams of oil-derived carbon. This quantity represents between 0.5 to 9.1\% of the released petrocarbon, with a best estimate of 3.0{\textendash}4.9\%. These values may be lower limit estimates of the fraction of the oil that was deposited on the seafloor because they focus on a limited mostly deep-water area of the Gulf, include a conservative estimate of thickness of the depositional layer, and use an average background or prespill radiocarbon value for sedimentary organic carbon that produces a conservative value. A similar approach using hopane tracer estimated that 4{\textendash}31\% of 2 million barrels of oil that stayed in the deep sea settled on the bottom. Converting that to a percentage of the total oil that entered into the environment (to which we normalized our estimate) converts this range to 1.8 to 14.4\%. Although extrapolated over a larger area, our independent estimate produced similar values.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/es5046524},
	url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es5046524http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es5046524},
	author = {Chanton, Jeffrey and Zhao, Tingting and Rosenheim, Brad E. and Joye, Samantha and Bosman, Samantha and Brunner, Charlotte and Yeager, Kevin M. and Diercks, Arne R. and Hollander, David}
}
@article {545,
	title = {A 2000-yr reconstruction of air temperature in the Great Basin of the United States with specific reference to the Medieval Climatic Anomaly},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Aq8ljTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:70},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {309-317},
	abstract = {A sediment core representing the past two millennia was recovered from Stella Lake in the Snake Range of the central Great Basin in Nevada. The core was analyzed for sub-fossil chironomids and sediment organic content. A quantitative reconstruction of mean July air temperature (MJAT) was developed using a regional training set and a chironomid-based WA-PLS inference model (r2jack = 0.55, RMSEP = 0.9{\textdegree}C). The chironomid-based MJAT reconstruction suggests that the interval between AD 900 and AD 1300, corresponding to the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), was characterized by MJAT elevated 1.0{\textdegree}C above the subsequent Little Ice Age (LIA), but likely not as warm as recent conditions. Comparison of the Stella Lake temperature reconstruction to previously published paleoclimate records from this region indicates that the temperature fluctuations inferred to have occurred at Stella Lake between AD 900 and AD 1300 correspond to regional records documenting hydroclimate variability during the MCA interval. The Stella Lake record provides evidence that elevated summer temperature contributed to the increased aridity that characterized the western United States during the MCA.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2014.06.002},
	author = {Reinemann, Scott A. and Porinchu, David F. and MacDonald, Glen M. and Mark, Bryan G. and DeGrand, James Q.}
}
@article {2543,
	title = {Advection and scavenging controls of Pa/Th in the northern NE Atlantic},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-06-2014},
	pages = {668 - 679},
	abstract = {Over the last 2 decades, significant advances have been made in reconstructing past rates of ocean circulation using sedimentary proxies for the dynamics of abyssal waters. In this study we combine the use of two rate proxies, sortable silt grain size, and sedimentary 231Pa/230Th, measured on a depth transect of deep-sea sediment cores from the northern NE Atlantic, to investigate ocean circulation changes during the last deglacial. We find that at two deep sites, the core-top 231Pa/230Th ratios reflect Holocene circulation rates, while during Heinrich Stadial 1, the deglacial ratios peaked as the sortable silt grain size decreased, reflecting a general circulation slowdown. However, the peak 231Pa/230Th significantly exceeded the production ratio in both cores, indicating that 231Pa/230Th was only partially controlled by ocean circulation at these sites. This is supported by a record of 231Pa/230Th from an intermediate water depth site, where values also peaked during Heinrich Stadial 1, but were consistently above the production ratio over the last 24 ka, reflecting high scavenging below productive surface waters. At our study sites, we find that preserved sediment component fluxes cannot be used to distinguish between a scavenging or circulation control, although they are consistent with a circulation influence, since the core at intermediate depth with the highest 231Pa/230Th recorded the lowest particle fluxes. Reconstruction of advection rate using 231Pa/230Th in this region is complicated by high productivity, but the data nevertheless contain important information on past deep ocean circulation.},
	doi = {10.1002/2014PA002633},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014PA002633},
	author = {Roberts, Natalie L. and McManus, Jerry F. and Piotrowski, Alexander M. and McCave, I. Nicholas}
}
@article {552,
	title = {Composition and origin of authigenic carbonates in the Krishna-Godavari and Mahanadi Basins, eastern continental margin of India},
	journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2014},
	note = {AAy4wyTimes Cited:5Cited References Count:63},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {438-460},
	abstract = {The mineralogical and stable isotopic composition of authigenic carbonates from the Krishna-Godavari (KG) and Mahanadi Basin provide a deeper insight into the processes inducing carbonate formation in the sediments of the eastern continental margin of India in the Bay of Bengal. Authigenic carbonate cements, (micro) nodules, bioturbation casts and tubes from 12 core locations drilled during the Indian National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP) Expedition 01 were investigated for this study. Three main processes responsible for authigenic carbonate precipitation are identified: organoclastic sulfate reduction, anaerobic oxidation of methane and methanogenesis. Evidence of vigorous methane seepage is indicated in carbonates recovered at Sites 7, 10, 12 (KG Basin) and 19 (Mahanadi Basin). These methane-derived carbonates display typical paragenetic carbonate mineralogies (aragonite, high-Mg calcite with >15 Mol\% MgCO3, Ca-rich dolomite). Two separate horizons of methane derived-carbonates are correlated between 4 drill holes (up to \~{}16 km apart). The upper horizon has been dated with 14C (40,100 {\textendash} 51,600 a B.P. 1950) clearly indicating that methane seepage has been much more vigorous in the past possibly due to a glacial sea level lowstand.},
	issn = {0264-8172},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.08.023},
	author = {Teichert, B. M. A. and Johnson, J. E. and Solomon, E. A. and Giosan, L. and Rose, K. and Kocherla, M. and Connolly, E. C. and Torres, M. E.}
}
@article {67,
	title = {A continuous multi-millennial record of surficial bivalve mollusk shells from the S{\~a}o Paulo Bight, Brazilian shelf},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {274-283},
	abstract = {To evaluate the potential of using surficial shell accumulations for paleoenvironmental studies, an extensive time series of individually dated specimens of the marine infaunal bivalve mollusk Semele casali was assembled using amino acid racemization (AAR) ratios (n = 270) calibrated against radiocarbon ages (n = 32). The shells were collected from surface sediments at multiple sites across a sediment-starved shelf in the shallow sub-tropical S{\~a}o Paulo Bight (S{\~a}o Paulo State, Brazil). The resulting 14C-calibrated AAR time series, one of the largest AAR datasets compiled to date, ranges from modern to 10,307 cal yr BP, is right skewed, and represents a remarkably complete time series: the completeness of the Holocene record is 66\% at 250-yr binning resolution and 81\% at 500-yr binning resolution. Extensive time-averaging is observed for all sites across the sampled bathymetric range indicating long water depth-invariant survival of carbonate shells at the sediment surface with low net sedimentation rates. Benthic organisms collected from active depositional surfaces can provide multi-millennial time series of biomineral records and serve as a source of geochemical proxy data for reconstructing environmental and climatic trends throughout the Holocene at centennial resolution. Surface sediments can contain time-rich shell accumulations that record the entire Holocene, not just the present.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2013.12.007},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589413001646},
	author = {Dexter, Troy A. and Kaufman, Darrell S. and Krause Jr, Richard A. and Barbour Wood, Susan L. and Sim{\~o}es, Marcello G. and Huntley, John Warren and Yanes, Yurena and Romanek, Christopher S. and Kowalewski, Micha{\l}}
}
@article {2587,
	title = {Deglacial ?18O and hydrologic variability in the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {387},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-02-2014},
	pages = {240 - 251},
	abstract = {Evidence from geologic archives suggests that there were large changes in the tropical hydrologic cycle associated with the two prominent northern hemisphere deglacial cooling events, Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1; \~{}19 to 15 kyr BP; kyr BP = 1000 yr before present) and the Younger Dryas (\~{}12.9 to 11.7 kyr BP). These hydrologic shifts have been alternatively attributed to high and low latitude origin. Here, we present a new record of hydrologic variability based on planktic foraminifera-derived δ18O of seawater (δ18Osw) estimates from a sediment core from the tropical Eastern Indian Ocean, and using 12 additional δ18Osw records, construct a single record of the dominant mode of tropical Eastern Equatorial Pacific and Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) hydrologic variability. We show that deglacial hydrologic shifts parallel variations in the reconstructed interhemispheric temperature gradient, suggesting a strong response to variations in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and the attendant heat redistribution. A transient model simulation of the last deglaciation suggests that hydrologic changes, including a southward shift in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) which likely occurred during these northern hemisphere cold events, coupled with oceanic advection and mixing, resulted in increased salinity in the Indonesian region of the IPWP and the eastern tropical Pacific, which is recorded by the δ18Osw proxy. Based on our observations and modeling results we suggest the interhemispheric temperature gradient directly controls the tropical hydrologic cycle on these time scales, which in turn mediates poleward atmospheric heat transport.},
	keywords = {Deglaciation, Eastern Equatorial Pacific, heat transport, Indo-Pacific, δ18O of seawater},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.032},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.032},
	author = {Gibbons, Fern T. and Oppo, Delia W. and Mohtadi, Mahyar and Rosenthal, Yair and Cheng, Jun and Liu, Zhengyu and Linsley, Braddock K.}
}
@article {50,
	title = {Delta growth and river valleys: the influence of climate and sea level changes on the South Adriatic shelf (Mediterranean Sea)},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {99},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {146-163},
	abstract = {Incised valleys across continental margins represent the response of fluvial systems to changes in their equilibrium dynamics, mainly driven by base level fall forced by glacial{\textendash}eustatic cycles. The Manfredonia Incised Valley formed during the last glacial sea level lowstand, when most of the southern Adriatic shelf was sub-aerially exposed but the outer shelf remained under water. The pronounced upstream deepening of the valley is ascribed to river incision of the MIS5e highstand coastal prism and related subaqueous clinoform under the influence of MIS5-4 sea level fluctuations, while the downstream shallowing and narrowing mainly reflects the impact of increased rates of sea level fall at the MIS3-2 transition on a flatter mid-outer shelf. Until 15 ka BP, the valley fed an asymmetric delta confined to the mid-outer shelf, testifying that continental and deep marine systems remained disconnected during the lowstand. Sea level rise reached the inner shelf during the Early Holocene, drowning the valley and leading to the formation of a sheltered embayment confined toward the land: at this time part of the incision remained underfilled with a marked bathymetric expression. This mini-basin was rapidly filled by sandy bayhead deltas, prograding from both the northern and southern sides of the valley. In this environment, protected by marine reworking and where sediment dispersal was less effective, the accommodation space was reduced and autogenic processes forced the formation of multiple and coalescing delta lobes. Bayhead delta progradations occurred in few centuries, between 8 and 7.2 ka cal BP, confirming the recent hypothesis that in this area the valley was filled during the formation of sapropel S1. This proximal valley fill, representing the very shallow-water equivalent of the cm-thick sapropel layers accumulated offshore in the deeper southern Adriatic basin, is of key importance in following the signature of the sapropel in a facies-tract ideally from the shoreline to the abyss.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.06.014},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379114002431},
	author = {Maselli, V. and Trincardi, F. and Asioli, A. and Ceregato, A. and Rizzetto, F. and Taviani, M.}
}
@article {553,
	title = {Gas hydrate destabilization and methane release events in the Krishna{\textendash}Godavari Basin, Bay of Bengal},
	journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2014},
	note = {AAy4wyTimes Cited:2Cited References Count:97},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {476-489},
	abstract = {Methane release events have been linked to global warming, alteration of the carbon cycle and influence on biota. However, unequivocal evidence of paleomethane release events are limited. We report several negative carbon stable isotope excursions in planktic and benthic foraminifera in a core (MD161-8) from the Krishna-Godavari (K{\textendash}G) Basin, Bay of Bengal. The most negative δ13C spikes are recorded during the marine isotope stages MIS-4 and at the transition of MIS-5 to 4. Occurrence of highly 13C depleted (average δ13C = -48 {\textpm} 2.4{\textperthousand} VPDB) authigenic high magnesian calcite are also reported within this time window from the core MD161-8. In the present work an unequivocal explanation for the observed 13C depletion in the marine planktic and benthic foraminifera is difficult to achieve solely from the optical/electron microscopy or C{\textendash}O stable isotope ratio analyses due to possible influence of diagenetic alteration. We attribute the observed episodic methane expulsion events, as inferred from the negative δ13C excursions and earlier reports on the occurrence chemosynthetic bivalves and Mo concentration anomaly to the destabilization of the base of gas hydrate stability zone (BGHSZ). Sea level drop and shale tectonics induced focused fluid flow are the two possible causes of hydrate destabilization discussed here. Shale tectonics were possibly responsible for creating fault systems which acted as the conduit for gas flow through the sediment column and subsequent seepage. Shale and salt tectonics in the passive continental margins being a globally observed phenomenon, its role as an important driving force for enhanced methane emission needs detailed investigation to understand the climatic perturbations through geologic time. Additional evidence of methane emission from site MD161-15 further supports the link between shale tectonics and methane emission.},
	issn = {0264-8172},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.08.013},
	author = {Joshi, R. K. and Mazumdar, A. and Peketi, A. and Ramamurty, P. B. and Naik, B. G. and Kocherla, M. and Carvalho, Mary Ann and Mahalakshmi, P. and Dewangan, P. and Ramana, M. V.}
}
@article {562,
	title = {The geochemistry of deep-sea coral skeletons: A review of vital effects and applications for palaeoceanography},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {99},
	year = {2014},
	note = {id: 2340},
	pages = {184-198},
	abstract = {Deep-sea corals were discovered over a century ago, but it is only over recent years that focused efforts have been made to explore the history of the oceans using the geochemistry of their skeletal remains. They offer a promising archive of past oceanic environments given their global distribution, layered growth patterns, longevity and preservation as well as our ability to date them using radiometric techniques. This paper provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in terms of geochemical approaches to using deep-sea coral skeletons to explore the history of the ocean. Deep-sea coral skeletons have a wide array of morphologies (e.g., solitary cup corals, branching colonial corals) and materials (calcite, aragonite and proteins). As such their biomineralization strategies are diverse, leading to complex geochemistry within coral skeletons. Notwithstanding these complications, progress has been made on developing methods for reconstructing the oceanographic environment in the past using trace elements and isotopic methods. Promising approaches within certain coral groups include clumped isotopes and Mg/Li for temperature reconstructions, boron isotopes and radiocarbon for carbon cycling, Nd, and radiocarbon for circulation studies and δ15N, P/Ca and Ba/Ca for nutrient tracer studies. Likewise there is now a range of techniques for dating deep-sea corals skeletons (e.g., U-series, radiocarbon), and determining their growth rates (e.g., radiocarbon and 210Pb). Dating studies on historic coral populations in the Atlantic, Southern Ocean and Pacific point to climate and environmental changes being dominant controls on coral populations over millennial and orbital timescales. This paper provides a review of a range of successes and promising approaches. It also highlights areas in which further research would likely provide new insights into biomineralization, palaeoceanography and distribution of past coral populations.},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.06.005},
	author = {Robinson, Laura F. and Adkins, Jess F. and Frank, Norbert and Alexander, C. and Prouty, Nancy and Brendan Roark, E. and de Flierdt, Tina van}
}
@article {2638,
	title = {Hidden cycle of dissolved organic carbon in the deep ocean},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-11-2016},
	pages = {16706 - 16711},
	abstract = {Marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a large (660 Pg C) reactive carbon reservoir that mediates the oceanic microbial food web and interacts with climate on both short and long timescales. Carbon isotopic content provides information on the DOC source via [Formula: see text]C and age via [Formula: see text]C. Bulk isotope measurements suggest a microbially sourced DOC reservoir with two distinct components of differing radiocarbon age. However, such measurements cannot determine internal dynamics and fluxes. Here we analyze serial oxidation experiments to quantify the isotopic diversity of DOC at an oligotrophic site in the central Pacific Ocean. Our results show diversity in both stable and radio isotopes at all depths, confirming DOC cycling hidden within bulk analyses. We confirm the presence of isotopically enriched, modern DOC cocycling with an isotopically depleted older fraction in the upper ocean. However, our results show that up to 30\% of the deep DOC reservoir is modern and supported by a 1 Pg/y carbon flux, which is 10 times higher than inferred from bulk isotope measurements. Isotopically depleted material turns over at an apparent time scale of 30,000 y, which is far slower than indicated by bulk isotope measurements. These results are consistent with global DOC measurements and explain both the fluctuations in deep DOC concentration and the anomalous radiocarbon values of DOC in the Southern Ocean. Collectively these results provide an unprecedented view of the ways in which DOC moves through the marine carbon cycle.},
	keywords = {Carbon cycle, carbon isotopes, dissolved organic carbon, Oceanography, radiocarbon},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1407445111},
	url = {http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.1407445111https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1073/pnas.1407445111},
	author = {Follett, Christopher L. and Repeta, Daniel J. and Rothman, Daniel H. and Xu, Li and Santinelli, Chiara}
}
@article { ISI:000345363700007,
	title = {Holocene Indian Ocean tsunami history in Sri Lanka},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {42},
	number = {{10}},
	year = {2014},
	month = {OCT},
	pages = {859-862},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Sediment cores from Karagan Lagoon in southeastern Sri Lanka retrieved deposits from the A.D. 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and older similar deposits that provide evidence for a tsunami 2417 +/- 152 cal. (calendar) yr B.P. to 2925 +/- 98 cal. yr B.P., and for six tsunamis between 4064 +/- 128 cal. yr B.P. and 6665 +/- 110 cal. yr B.P., a period for which the sediment record appears continuous. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the recurrence interval is variable, ranging from 181-517 yr to 1045 +/- 334 yr, with a mean recurrence interval of 434 +/- 40 yr during the ca. 4000-7000 cal. yr B.P. continuous interval. Assuming that these tsunamis were generated by giant earthquakes along the Sumatra-Andaman subduction zone, a reasonable assumption for this far-field transoceanic location, this record extends the giant-earthquake history for the Indian Ocean region. The longest recurrence interval of more than 1000 yr implies that earthquakes along the subduction zone may reach twice the size of the 2004 earthquake.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G35796.1},
	author = {Jackson, Kelly L. and Eberli, Gregor P. and Amelung, Falk and McFadden, Melany A. and Moore, Andrew L. and Rankey, Eugene C. and Jayasena, H. A. H.}
}
@article {2585,
	title = {Indonesian vegetation response to changes in rainfall seasonality over the past 25,000 years},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {7449278721172063253871891072011563523665412739429544323},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-06-2014},
	pages = {513 - 517},
	abstract = {The hydrologic response to climate forcing in the Indo-Pacific warm pool region has varied spatially over the past 25,000 years1, 2, 3, 4, 5. For example, drier conditions are inferred on Java and Borneo for the period following the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, whereas wetter conditions are reconstructed for northwest Australia4. The response of vegetation to these past rainfall variations is poorly constrained. Using a suite of 30 surface marine sediment samples from throughout the Indo-Pacific warm pool, we demonstrate that today the stable isotopic composition of vascular plant fatty acids (δ13Cfa) reflects the regional vegetation composition. This in turn is controlled by the seasonality of rainfall consistent with dry season water stress6. Applying this proxy in a sediment core from offshore northeast Borneo, we show broadly similar vegetation cover during the Last Glacial Maximum and the Holocene, suggesting that, despite generally drier glacial conditions1, 7, there was no pronounced dry season. In contrast, δ13Cfa and pollen data from a core off the coast of Sumba indicate an expansion of C4 herbs during the most recent glaciation, implying enhanced aridity and water stress during the dry season. Holocene vegetation trends are also consistent with a response to dry season water stress. We therefore conclude that vegetation in tropical monsoon regions is susceptible to increases in water stress arising from an enhanced seasonality of rainfall, as has occurred8 in past decades.},
	keywords = {Palaeoclimate, Palaeoecology},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/ngeo2182},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ngeo2182},
	author = {Dubois, Nathalie and Oppo, Delia W. and Galy, Valier V. and Mohtadi, Mahyar and van der Kaars, Sander and Tierney, Jessica E. and Rosenthal, Yair and Eglinton, Timothy I. and L?ckge, Andreas and Linsley, Braddock K.}
}
@article {57,
	title = {Inferring local to regional changes in forest composition from Holocene macrofossils and pollen of a small lake in central Upper Michigan},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {98},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {60-73},
	abstract = {Vegetational response to climatic change involves processes of population and community dynamics within local stands, which scale up to landscape-level changes in vegetation composition and broad-scale changes in species distributions. Understanding these dynamics poses a critical challenge to paleoecological explanation, because of the broad range of scales at which these dynamics take place and interact. We present an 8600-year paleoecological record of local and regional changes in forest composition from a small (2.6 ha) lake in central Upper Michigan. Plant macrofossils provide a spatially precise record of local forest composition, while pollen data provide a spatially integrated record of regional vegetational changes. Temporal patterns among different macrofossil types within species show overall coherence, indicating that changes in macrofossil abundance generally record changes in local tree abundance. Temporal patterns in macrofossil sequences correspond to patterns in pollen sequences, indicating that local changes contributed to the large-scale changes in the surrounding region. The pollen and macrofossil records show nearly continuous turnover in vegetation composition throughout the past 8600 years; the longest period without major compositional change was ca 1600 years, and dynamics at multidecadal to multicentennial scales are observed during many periods. Coordinated application of temporally precise sequences of pollen and macrofossil data at multiple sites can support inferences concerning vegetation dynamics at multiple spatial and temporal scales, and test mechanistic hypotheses.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.05.030},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027737911400211X},
	author = {Jackson, Stephen T. and Booth, Robert K. and Reeves, Kelly and Andersen, Jennifer Jewell and Minckley, Thomas A. and Jones, Rachel A.}
}
@article {42,
	title = {Late Quaternary sedimentary record and Holocene channel avulsions of the Jamuna and Old Brahmaputra River valleys in the upper Bengal delta plain},
	journal = {Tropical Rivers of South and South-east Asia: Landscape evolution, morphodynamics and hazards},
	volume = {227},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {123-136},
	abstract = {The first Holocene stratigraphic record of river-channel occupation and switching between the Brahmaputra{\textendash}Jamuna and Old Brahmaputra paleovalleys is presented here. Motivated by the Brahmaputra River{\textquoteright}s historic avulsion from the Old Brahmaputra channel to its present-day Jamuna course, we have obtained sediment and radiocarbon samples from 41 boreholes along a 120 km transect crossing these two braided-river valleys. The stratigraphy along this transect reveals sand-dominated Holocene channel systems, each bound by remnant, mud-capped Pleistocene stratigraphy. Using sediment lithology and bulk strontium concentration as a provenance indicator, we define the geometry and channel-occupation history of each paleovalley. The western Brahmaputra{\textendash}Jamuna valley is broad and somewhat deeper compared with the Old Brahmaputra valley, the latter actually comprising a composite of two narrower sub-valleys bifurcated by an antecedent topographic remnant. The gently sloped valley margins (slope: 0.002 to 0.007) and high width-to-thickness ratio (W/T: ~ 1000) of the Brahmaputra{\textendash}Jamuna valley suggest that it was filled primarily through lateral channel migration and the reworking of braidbelt and overbank deposits. Conversely, the two Old Brahmaputra sub-valleys have comparatively steeper valley margins (slope: 0.007 to 0.022) and lower width-to-thickness ratios (W/T: ~ 125 and ~ 250), indicating that these were filled primarily through vertical aggradation of channel sands. We attribute this disparity in valley geometry and fill processes to the different occupation histories for each valley. In this case, the much larger Brahmaputra{\textendash}Jamuna valley represents the principal, if not singular, river course during the last lowstand of sea-level, with a prominent gravel lag underlying the valley. In contrast the smaller Old Brahmaputra valleys do not appear to have been present, or at least well developed, at the last lowstand. Rather these courses were first occupied during the early Holocene transgression, and we infer that the river had been previously excluded from this region by the relatively higher elevation between the Madhupur Terrace and the Shillong Massif. We also demonstrate that the Brahmaputra River experienced 3{\textendash}4 major avulsions during the Holocene, with considerably longer occupation times within the principal Brahmaputra{\textendash}Jamuna valley. Together these observations indicate that occupation history and antecedent topography have been important controls on river course mobility and avulsion behavior.},
	issn = {0169-555X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.09.021},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X13004868},
	author = {Pickering, Jennifer L. and Goodbred, Steven L. and Reitz, Meredith D. and Hartzog, Thomas R. and Mondal, Dhiman R. and Hossain, Md Saddam}
}
@article {554,
	title = {Monsoon-influenced variation in productivity and lithogenic sediment flux since 110 ka in the offshore Mahanadi Basin, northern Bay of Bengal},
	journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2014},
	note = {AAy4wyTimes Cited:4Cited References Count:253},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {502-525},
	abstract = {The Indian monsoon drives seasonal changes in precipitation and weathering across India as well as circulation and productivity in the northern Indian Ocean. Variation in paleo-monsoon intensity and its effect on productivity and lithogenic fluxes is poorly constrained in the Bay of Bengal. In this paper, we present analysis of a sediment record from the offshore Mahanadi Basin recovered during the Indian National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 (Site NGHP-01-19B). We reconstruct variation in biogenic and lithogenic components during the last 110 kyr using measurements of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), TOC/TN, CaCO3, biogenic silica (BSi), δ13TOC, δ15TN, bulk mineralogy from X-ray diffraction, bulk and lithogenic grain size distribution, magnetic susceptibility, bulk density, and Ca, Br, and Zr/Rb from x-ray fluorescence (XRF). The mass-accumulation rate (MAR) of CaCO3, a function of marine productivity, drastically increased between 70 and 10 ka and is correlated to previously-documented elevated Asian dust fluxes and increased Bay of Bengal salinity during a weakened southwest monsoon. Decreased freshwater input over this period likely diminished stratification, allowing for increased mixing and nutrient availability, thus enhancing productivity despite weaker southwest monsoon winds. The MAR of lithogenic material is highest during the Holocene suggesting that sediment supply driven by monsoon intensity is a stronger control on margin sedimentation than sea level at the Mahanadi Basin. Over the entire record, magnetic susceptibility and XRF Zr/Rb are strongly correlated with CaCO3, suggesting higher primary mineral input under a weakened southwest monsoon. TOC/TN and δ13TOC also increase under glacial conditions, suggesting higher relative input of terrestrial C4 organic matter. These results highlight the Mahanadi Basin as a supply-dominated margin where terrigenous sedimentation is strongly influenced by monsoon intensity, and that productivity is limited by variation in monsoon-driven stratification on glacial-interglacial timescales rather than a direct response to monsoon winds.},
	issn = {0264-8172},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.05.007},
	author = {Phillips, Stephen C. and Johnson, Joel E. and Giosan, Liviu and Rose, Kelly}
}
@article {49,
	title = {Pore-water chemistry of sediment cores off Mahanadi Basin, Bay of Bengal: Possible link to deep seated methane hydrate deposit},
	journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {162-175},
	abstract = {Organoclastic degradation and anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) are known to influence sulfate, methane and bicarbonate concentrations of sediment pore-waters. In this work we have analyzed the pore-fluid composition of three piston cores (36{\textendash}39 m long) collected from water depths ranging from 1429 to 1691 m. We attribute the observed linear sulfate concentration profiles and (ΔCa + ΔAlk)/ΔSO42- ratios dominantly to anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) induced sulfate consumption. The gas rich layers just below the base of hydrate stability zone (BGHSZ) is the possible source of the enhanced diffusive flux of biogenic methane ( δ 13 C CH 4 ranging from -99.7 to -106.3{\textperthousand} VPDB). Occurrences of disseminated gas hydrate in the Mahanadi Basin within the hydrate stability zone (210{\textendash}220 m thick) supports the link between linear sulfate profile, high rate of AOM and hydrate occurrence.},
	issn = {0264-8172},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.10.011},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264817213002638},
	author = {Mazumdar, A. and Peketi, A. and Joao, H. M. and Dewangan, P. and Ramprasad, T.}
}
@article {2460,
	title = {Seasonal variability of organic matter composition in an Alaskan glacier outflow: insights into glacier carbon sources},
	journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-05-2014},
	pages = {055005},
	abstract = {Glacier ecosystems are a significant source of bioavailable, yet ancient dissolved organic carbon
(DOC). Characterizing DOC in Mendenhall Glacier out flow (southeast Alaska) we document a
seasonal persistence to the radiocarbon-depleted signature of DOC, highlighting ancient DOC as
a ubiquitous feature of glacier out flow. We observed no systematic depletion in Δ14C-DOC with
increasing discharge during the melt season that would suggest mobilization of an aged subglacial carbon store. However, DOC concentration, δ13C-DOC,Δ14C-DOC and fluorescence signatures appear to have been in fluenced by runoff from vegetated hillslopes above the glacier during onset and senescence of melt. In the peak glacier melt period, the Δ 14 C-DOC of stream samples at the out flow (-181.7 to-355.3{\textperthousand}) was comparable to the Δ 14 C-DOC for snow samples from the accumulation zone (-207.2 to-390.9{\textperthousand}), suggesting that ancient DOC from the glacier surface is exported in glacier runoff. The pre-aged DOC in glacier snow and runoff is consistent with contributions from fossil fuel combustion sources similar to those documented previously in ice cores and thus provides evidence for anthropogenic perturbation of the carbon cycle. Overall, our results emphasize the need to further characterize DOC inputs to glacier ecosystems, particularly in light of predicted changes in glacier mass and runoff in the coming century.},
	keywords = {alaska, dissolved organic carbon, glacier, organic matter, radiocarbon},
	doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/055005},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/055005/meta},
	author = {Spencer, Robert G M and Vermilyea, Andrew and Fellman, Jason and Raymond, Peter and Stubbins, Aron and Scott, Durelle and Hood, Eran}
}
@article {2544,
	title = {Silicon isotopes indicate enhanced carbon export efficiency in the North Atlantic during deglaciation},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Nov-01-2015},
	abstract = {Today{\textquoteright}s Sargasso Sea is nutrient starved, except for episodic upwelling events caused by wind-driven winter mixing and eddies. Enhanced diatom opal burial in Sargasso Sea sediments indicates that silicic acid, a limiting nutrient today, may have been more available in subsurface waters during Heinrich Stadials, millennial-scale climate perturbations of the last glacial and deglaciation. Here we use the geochemistry of opal-forming organisms from different water depths to demonstrate changes in silicic acid supply and utilization during the most recent Heinrich Stadial. We suggest that during the early phase (17.5{\textendash}18 ka), wind-driven upwelling replenished silicic acid to the subsurface, resulting in low Si utilization. By 17 ka, stratification reduced the surface silicic acid supply leading to increased Si utilization efficiency. This abrupt shift in Si cycling would have contributed to high regional carbon export efficiency during the recent Heinrich Stadial, despite being a period of increasing atmospheric CO2.},
	keywords = {Biogeochemistry, Cryospheric science, Ocean sciences},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms4107},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ncomms4107},
	author = {Hendry, Katharine R. and Robinson, Laura F. and McManus, Jerry F. and Hays, James D.}
}
@article {2459,
	title = {Source and biolability of ancient dissolved organic matter in glacier and lake ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {142},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-10-2014},
	pages = {64 - 74},
	abstract = {The Tibetan Plateau is the world{\textquoteright}s largest and highest plateau and holds the largest mass of ice on Earth outside the ice-sheets of Greenland and Antarctica, as well as abundant lakes. This study examined the molecular and isotopic signatures of dissolved organic matter (DOM) along with its biolability in glacier ice, glacier-fed streams, and alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. The aim was to assess the sources of DOM and the potential of DOM to provide a carbon subsidy to downstream ecosystems. Tibetan glaciers and glacier streams exhibited low dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations (17.7{\textendash}27.9 μM) and ancient DOC radiocarbon ages (749{\textendash}2350 ybp). The optical properties, stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C-DOC) and the molecular composition (Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry) of Tibetan glacier DOM are consistent with data from other glacier systems around the world. The geochemical signatures and the ancient apparent ages of Tibetan glacier DOM suggest a significant fraction is derived from the atmospheric deposition of pre-aged, possibly fossil fuel derived organics. Within the Tibetan alpine lakes, DOC was also ancient (525{\textendash}675 ybp), due to either inputs of pre-aged organics from glacier runoff, direct deposition, or due to the aging of organics in situ (i.e. a radiocarbon reservoir effect). The glacier ice and glacier stream sites exhibited high biolability of DOC and so provide a carbon subsidy to downstream environments that will change as glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau recede.},
	issn = {00167037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2014.08.006},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016703714005018http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0016703714005018?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0016703714005018?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Spencer, Robert G.M. and Guo, Weidong and Raymond, Peter A. and Dittmar, Thorsten and Hood, Eran and Fellman, Jason and Stubbins, Aron}
}
@article {561,
	title = {Temporal and spatial distributions of cold-water corals in the Drake Passage: Insights from the last 35,000 years},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {99},
	year = {2014},
	note = {id: 2278},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {237-248},
	abstract = {Scleractinian corals have a global distribution ranging from shallow tropical seas to the depths of the Southern Ocean. Although this distribution is indicative of the corals having a tolerance to a wide spectrum of environmental conditions, individual species seem to be restricted to a much narrower range of ecosystem variables. One way to ascertain the tolerances of corals, with particular focus on the potential impacts of changing climate, is to reconstruct their growth history across a range of environmental regimes. This study examines the spatial and temporal distribution of the solitary scleractinian corals Desmophyllum dianthus, Gardineria antarctica, Balanophyllia malouinensis, Caryophyllia spp. and Flabellum spp. from five sites in the Drake Passage which cross the major frontal zones. A rapid reconnaissance radiocarbon method, cooupled with U-Th dating, extends the age range back more than 100 thousand. Within this age range there are distinct changes in the temporal and spatial distributions of these corals, both with depth and latitude, and on millennial timescales. Two major patterns that emerge are: 1) D. dianthus populations show clear variability in their occurrence through time depending on the latitudinal position within the Drake Passage. North of the Subantarctic Front, D. dianthus first appears in the late deglaciation (~17,000 years ago) and persists to today. South of the Polar Front, in contrast, populations existed during the glacial and early deglacial periods, with only few modern occurrences. A seamount site between the two fronts exhibits characteristics similar to both the north and south sites. This shift across the frontal zones within one species cannot yet be fully explained, but it is likely to be linked to changes in surface productivity, subsurface oxygen concentrations, and carbonate saturation state. 2) at locations where multiple genera were dated, clear differences in age and depth distribution of the populations provide clear evidence that each genus has unique environmental requirements to sustain its population.},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.06.008},
	author = {Margolin, Andrew R. and Robinson, Laura F. and Burke, Andrea and Waller, Rhian G. and Scanlon, Kathryn M. and Roberts, Mark L. and Auro, Maureen E. and van de Flierdt, Tina}
}
@article { ISI:000351852200011,
	title = {Timing and preservation mechanism of deglacial pteropod spike from the Andaman Sea, northeastern Indian Ocean},
	journal = {BOREAS},
	volume = {44},
	number = {{2}},
	year = {2014},
	month = {AUG},
	pages = {432-444},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The aragonite compensation depth (ACD) fluctuated considerably during the last glacial until the Holocene with a dominant pteropod preservation spike during the deglacial period, which is prominently seen in three well-dated cores covering the Andaman Sea, northeastern Indian Ocean. The precise time period of the preservation spike of pteropods is not known but this knowledge is crucial for stratigraphical correlation and also for understanding the driving mechanism. Isotopic and foraminiferal proxies were used to decipher the possible mechanism for pteropods preservation in the Andaman Sea. The poor preservation/absence of pteropods during the Holocene in the Andaman Sea may have implications for ocean acidification, driven by enhanced atmospheric CO2 concentration. Strengthening of the summer monsoon and the resultant high biological productivity may also have played a role in the poor preservation of pteropods. The deglacial pteropod spike is characterized by high abundance/preservation of the pteropods between approximate to 19 and 15cal. ka BP, associated with very low atmospheric CO2 concentration. Isotope data suggest the prevalence of a glacial environment with reduced sea surface temperature, upwelling and enhanced salinity during the pteropod preservation spike. Total planktic foraminifera and Globigerina bulloides abundances are low during this period, implying a weakened summer monsoon and reduced foraminiferal productivity. Based on the preservation record of pteropods, it is inferred that the ACD was probably deepest (>2900m) at 16.5cal. ka BP. The synchronous regional occurrence of the pteropod preservation spike in the Andaman Sea and in the northwestern Indian Ocean could potentially be employed as a stratigraphic marker.},
	issn = {0300-9483},
	doi = {10.1111/bor.12099},
	author = {Sijinkumar, Adukkam V. and Nath, Bejugam N. and Guptha, Medimi V. S. and Ahmad, Syed M. and Rao, Bandaru R.}
}
@article {38,
	title = {Unusual C35 to C38 alkenones in mid-Holocene sediments from a restricted estuary (Charlotte Harbor, Florida)},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {20-28},
	abstract = {Unusual C35 to C38 alkenones were identified in mid-Holocene (8{\textendash}3.5 kyr BP) sediments from a restricted estuary in southwest Florida (Charlotte Harbor). The distribution was dominated by a C36 diunsaturated (ω15,20) ethyl ketone, identical to the one present in Black Sea Unit 2 sediments. Other unusual alkenones were tentatively assigned as a C35:2 (ω15,20) methyl ketone, a C37:2 (ω17,22) methyl ketone and a C38:2 (ω17,22) ethyl ketone. In late Holocene sediments < 3.5 kyr BP, the common C37 to C39 alkenones were found. Compound-specific 14C, 13C, and D isotope measurements were used to constrain the possible origin of the alkenones. Conventional radiocarbon ages of alkenones and higher plant-derived long chain n-alcohols indicated no significant difference in age between mid-Holocene alkenones and higher plant n-alcohols. Both alcohols and alkenones were offset vs. calibrated ages of shell fragments in the same sediment core, which suggests they were pre-aged by 500{\textendash}800 yr, implying resuspension and redistribution of the fine-grained sedimentary particles with which they are associated. The hydrogen isotopic (δD) composition (-190{\textperthousand} to -200{\textperthousand}) of the C37 and C38 alkenones in the late Holocene sediments is in line with values for coastal haptophytes in brackish water. However, the unusual C36 and C38 alkenones from the mid Holocene sediments were enriched in D (by ca. 100{\textperthousand}) vs. the late Holocene alkenones. Also, δ13C values of mid-Holocene alkenones were consistently offset compared with late Holocene alkenones (-21{\textperthousand} to -22{\textperthousand} and -22{\textperthousand} to -23{\textperthousand}, respectively). We suggest that the alkenones in Charlotte Harbor were produced by unknown alkenone-producing haptophyte.},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.01.021},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638014000345},
	author = {van Soelen, E. E. and Lammers, J. M. and Eglinton, T. I. and Sinninghe Damst{\'e}, J. S. and Reichart, G. J.}
}
@article {68,
	title = {Using Natural Abundance Radiocarbon To Trace the Flux of Petrocarbon to the Seafloor Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill},
	journal = {Environmental science \& technology},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {In 2010, the Deepwater Horizon accident released 4.6?6.0 ? 1011 grams or 4.1 to 4.6 million barrels of fossil petroleum derived carbon (petrocarbon) as oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Natural abundance radiocarbon measurements on surface sediment organic matter in a 2.4 ? 1010 m2 deep-water region surrounding the spill site indicate the deposition of a fossil-carbon containing layer that included 1.6 to 2.6 ? 1010 grams of oil-derived carbon. This quantity represents between 0.5 to 9.1\% of the released petrocarbon, with a best estimate of 3.0?4.9\%. These values may be lower limit estimates of the fraction of the oil that was deposited on the seafloor because they focus on a limited mostly deep-water area of the Gulf, include a conservative estimate of thickness of the depositional layer, and use an average background or prespill radiocarbon value for sedimentary organic carbon that produces a conservative value. A similar approach using hopane tracer estimated that 4?31\% of 2 million barrels of oil that stayed in the deep sea settled on the bottom. Converting that to a percentage of the total oil that entered into the environment (to which we normalized our estimate) converts this range to 1.8 to 14.4\%. Although extrapolated over a larger area, our independent estimate produced similar values.; In 2010, the Deepwater Horizon accident released 4.6?6.0 ? 1011 grams or 4.1 to 4.6 million barrels of fossil petroleum derived carbon (petrocarbon) as oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Natural abundance radiocarbon measurements on surface sediment organic matter in a 2.4 ? 1010 m2 deep-water region surrounding the spill site indicate the deposition of a fossil-carbon containing layer that included 1.6 to 2.6 ? 1010 grams of oil-derived carbon. This quantity represents between 0.5 to 9.1\% of the released petrocarbon, with a best estimate of 3.0?4.9\%. These values may be lower limit estimates of the fraction of the oil that was deposited on the seafloor because they focus on a limited mostly deep-water area of the Gulf, include a conservative estimate of thickness of the depositional layer, and use an average background or prespill radiocarbon value for sedimentary organic carbon that produces a conservative value. A similar approach using hopane tracer estimated that 4?31\% of 2 million barrels of oil that stayed in the deep sea settled on the bottom. Converting that to a percentage of the total oil that entered into the environment (to which we normalized our estimate) converts this range to 1.8 to 14.4\%. Although extrapolated over a larger area, our independent estimate produced similar values.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/es5046524},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es5046524},
	author = {Chanton, Jeffrey and Zhao, Tingting and Rosenheim, Brad E. and Joye, Samantha and Bosman, Samantha and Brunner, Charlotte and Yeager, Kevin M. and Diercks, Arne R. and Hollander, David}
}
@article {108,
	title = {14C and 13C characteristics of higher plant biomarkers in Washington margin surface sediments},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2267},
	pages = {14-30},
	abstract = {Plant wax lipids and lignin phenols are the two most common classes of molecular markers that are used to trace vascular plant-derived OM in the marine environment. However, their 13C and 14C compositions have not been directly compared, which can be used to constrain the flux and attenuation of terrestrial carbon in marine environment. In this study, we describe a revised method of isolating individual lignin phenols from complex sedimentary matrices for 14C analysis using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and compare this approach to a method utilizing preparative capillary gas chromatography (PCGC). We then examine in detail the 13C and 14C compositions of plant wax lipids and lignin phenols in sediments from the inner and mid shelf of the Washington margin that are influenced by discharge of the Columbia River. Plant wax lipids (including n-alkanes, n-alkanoic (fatty) acids, n-alkanols, and n-aldehydes) displayed significant variability in both δ13C (-28.3{\textperthousand} to -37.5{\textperthousand}) and Δ14C values (-204{\textperthousand} to +2{\textperthousand}), suggesting varied inputs and/or continental storage and transport histories. In contrast, lignin phenols exhibited similar δ13C values (between -30{\textperthousand} and -34{\textperthousand}) and a relatively narrow range of Δ14C values (-45{\textperthousand} to -150{\textperthousand}; HPLC-based measurement) that were similar to, or younger than, bulk OM (-195{\textperthousand} to -137{\textperthousand}). Moreover, lignin phenol 14C age correlated with the degradation characteristics of this terrestrial biopolymer in that vanillyl phenols were on average \~{}500 years older than syringyl and cinnamyl phenols that degrade faster in soils and sediments. The isotopic characteristics, abundance, and distribution of lignin phenols in sediments suggest that they serve as promising tracers of recently biosynthesized terrestrial OM during supply to, and dispersal within the marine environment. Lignin phenol 14C measurements may also provide useful constraints on the vascular plant end member in isotopic mixing models for carbon source apportionment, and for interpretation of sedimentary records of past vegetation dynamics.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2012.11.034},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703712006874},
	author = {Feng, Xiaojuan and Benitez-Nelson, Bryan C. and Montlu{\c c}on, Daniel B. and Prahl, Fredrick G. and McNichol, Ann P. and Xu, Li and Repeta, Daniel J. and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {111,
	title = {After the lava flow: The importance of external soil sources for plant colonization of recent lava flows in the central Oregon Cascades, USA},
	journal = {Geomorphology},
	volume = {202},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2321},
	pages = {15-32},
	abstract = {Effusive volcanic eruptions repave landscapes rapidly with lava flows, resetting broad areas of the underlying landscape and ecosystem. The unique physical properties of lava pose interesting challenges for ecologic recovery, as lava is dense, sterile, and generally inhospitable towards life. In this study we examine two sites of recent volcanism in the central Oregon Cascades, notable for the juxtaposition of barren exposed lava and mature forests on lava flows of the same or roughly the same age. We use a combination of LiDAR analyses, field observations, and soil characterization to examine soil and vegetation at these two sites, and find that the presence of an external sediment or soil source, particularly flood-borne deposits or syn- or post-eruptive tephra, greatly facilitates plant establishment, growth, and survival. The nature of the external sources of sediment or soil dictates the geographic extent of forests on these young lava flows: flood-borne deposits cover localized regions near river channels, while tephra can cover large regions. In general, our results suggest that external sources of soil provide a substrate for plants to grow in along with key nutrients and sufficient moisture retention. We conclude that external sources of soil source are key for the initial recovery following an effusive volcanic disturbance, in particular in temperate climates. Thus, unrelated geomorphic processes, such as past glaciations that provide local sources of mobile sediments, or concurrent volcanic processes, such as tephra production, dictate the presence or absence of forests on young lava flows.},
	issn = {0169-555X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.12.009},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X12005582},
	author = {Deligne, Natalia I. and Cashman, Katharine V. and Roering, Joshua J.}
}
@article {118,
	title = {Bomb radiocarbon dating of the endangered white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni): investigations of age, growth and lifespan},
	journal = {Marine and Freshwater Research},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2351; PT: J; TC: 0; UT: WOS:000326166400004},
	pages = {1029-1039},
	abstract = {Understanding basic life-history characteristics of white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni), such as estimated lifespan, is critical to making informed decisions regarding the recovery of this endangered species. All predictive modelling tools used to forecast the status and health of populations following restoration activities depend on a validated estimate of adult lifespan. Of the seven Haliotis species in California, white abalone is considered to have the highest extinction risk and was the first marine invertebrate listed as an endangered species under the Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). Lifespan was previously estimated from observations of early growth; however, no study has generated ages for the largest white abalone. To address questions of age and growth, bomb radiocarbon (C-14) dating was used on shells from large white abalone. Measured bomb C-14 levels were compared to regional C-14 reference records to provide estimates of age, growth and lifespan. Bomb radiocarbon dating indicated that growth was variable among individuals, with a maximum estimated age of 27 years. The findings presented here provide support for previous age and growth estimates and an estimated lifespan near 30 years. These age data support the perception of a critical need for restoring the remnant aging and potentially senescent population.},
	issn = {1323-1650},
	doi = {10.1071/MF13007},
	author = {Andrews, Allen H. and Leaf, Robert T. and Rogers-Bennett, Laura and Neuman, Melissa and Hawk, Heather and Cailliet, Gregor M.}
}
@article { ISI:000315194800002,
	title = {C-14 and C-13 characteristics of higher plant biomarkers in Washington margin surface sediments},
	journal = {GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2013},
	month = {MAR 15},
	pages = {14-30},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Plant wax lipids and lignin phenols are the two most common classes of molecular markers that are used to trace vascular plant-derived OM in the marine environment. However, their C-13 and C-14 compositions have not been directly compared, which can be used to constrain the flux and attenuation of terrestrial carbon in marine environment. In this study, we describe a revised method of isolating individual lignin phenols from complex sedimentary matrices for C-14 analysis using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and compare this approach to a method utilizing preparative capillary gas chromatography (PCGC). We then examine in detail the C-13 and C-14 compositions of plant wax lipids and lignin phenols in sediments from the inner and mid shelf of the Washington margin that are influenced by discharge of the Columbia River. Plant wax lipids (including n-alkanes, n-alkanoic (fatty) acids, n-alkanols, and n-aldehydes) displayed significant variability in both delta C-13 (-28.3 parts per thousand to -37.5 parts per thousand) and Delta C-14 values (-204 parts per thousand to +2 parts per thousand), suggesting varied inputs and/or continental storage and transport histories. In contrast, lignin phenols exhibited similar delta C-13 values (between -30 parts per thousand and -34 parts per thousand) and a relatively narrow range of Delta C-14 values (-45 parts per thousand to -150 parts per thousand; HPLC-based measurement) that were similar to, or younger than, bulk OM (-195 parts per thousand to -137 parts per thousand). Moreover, lignin phenol C-14 age correlated with the degradation characteristics of this terrestrial biopolymer in that vanillyl phenols were on average similar to 500 years older than syringyl and cinnamyl phenols that degrade faster in soils and sediments. The isotopic characteristics, abundance, and distribution of lignin phenols in sediments suggest that they serve as promising tracers of recently biosynthesized terrestrial OM during supply to, and dispersal within the marine environment. Lignin phenol C-14 measurements may also provide useful constraints on the vascular plant end member in isotopic mixing models for carbon source apportionment, and for interpretation of sedimentary records of past vegetation dynamics. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2012.11.034},
	author = {Feng, Xiaojuan and Benitez-Nelson, Bryan C. and Montlu{\c c}on, Daniel B. and Prahl, Fredrick G. and McNichol, Ann P. and Xu, Li and Repeta, Daniel J. and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {93,
	title = {Carbonate as sputter target material for rapid C-14 AMS},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments \& Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {294},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2244; PT: J; CT: 12th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS); CY: MAR 20-25, 2011; CL: Wellington, NEW ZEALAND; TC: 0; UT: WOS:000313234300064},
	pages = {328-334},
	abstract = {This paper describes a technique for measuring the C-14 content of carbonate samples by producing C- ions directly in the negative ion sputter source of an accelerator mass spectrometer CAMS) system. This direct analysis of carbonate material eliminates the time and expense of graphite preparation. Powdered carbonate is mixed with titanium powder, loaded into a target cartridge, and compressed. Beam currents for optimally-sized carbonate targets (0.09-0.15 mg C) are typically 10-20\% of those produced by optimally-sized graphite targets (0.5-1 mg C). Modern (>0.8 Fm) samples run by this method have standard deviations of 0.009 Fm or less, and near-modern samples run as unknowns agree with values from traditional hydrolysis/graphite to better than 2\%. Targets with as little as 0.06 mg carbonate produce useable ion currents and results, albeit with increased error and larger blank. In its current state, direct sputtering is best applied to problems where a large number of analyses with lower precision are required. These applications could include age surveys of deep-sea corals for determination of historic population dynamics, to identify samples that would benefit from high precision analysis, and for growth rate studies of organisms forming carbonate skeletons. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2012.05.014},
	author = {Longworth, Brett E. and Robinson, Laura F. and Roberts, Mark L. and Beaupr{\'e}, Steven R. and Burke, Andrea and W. J. Jenkins}
}
@article {84,
	title = {Distribution of Radiocarbon Ages in Soil Organic Matter by Thermal Fractionation},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2346; PT: J; TC: 0; UT: WOS:000325752100093},
	pages = {1077-1083},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16310},
	author = {Plante, Alain F. and Beaupr{\'e}, Steven R. and Roberts, Mark L. and Baisden, Troy}
}
@article { ISI:000327567200017,
	title = {The Duxbury Sunken Forest-Constraints for Local, Late Holocene Environmental Changes Resulting from Marine Transgression, Duxbury Bay, Eastern Massachusetts, USA},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH},
	volume = {29},
	number = {{6A, S}},
	year = {2013},
	month = {NOV},
	pages = {168-176},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The present marine transgression has forced geological and ecological zones vertically higher and landward since the late Pleistocene. A recent investigation in Duxbury Bay, Massachusetts, identified 18 Juniperus virginiana tree stumps emergent on an intertidal flat immediately seaward of a small marsh and pond situated between two eroding drumlins. The position of each stump was mapped with global positioning system (GPS), and its elevation with respect to mean lower low water was surveyed. Samples were selected from four stumps with elevations ranging from 2.03 and 0.75 m above mean lower low water for radiocarbon dating. The samples returned calibrated ages between 2219 +/- 94 and 2867 +/- 79 cal YBP, with the topographically highest sample returning the youngest date. Stump positions suggest a landscape gradient of 1.4 mm/yr between 2000 and 3000 cal YBP. The results are comparable with high-resolution studies of sea level in eastern Massachusetts for the same time period. Comparison of the youngest paleostumps with modern living trees suggests a dramatic change in the landscape gradient, an increase to 1.8 mm/yr. While this is contrary to sea-level studies nearby, it may represent an increase in the energetics of Duxbury Bay and resultant coastal erosion as the bay floods. The site can be used to put the impacts of changing sea-level rates into a landscape evolution framework.},
	keywords = {Cape Cod Bay, Coastal evolution, paleoforest, Radiocarbon dating, sea level, tree stumps},
	issn = {0749-0208},
	doi = {10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00183.1},
	author = {Gontz, Allen M. and Maio, Christopher V. and Rueda, Laura}
}
@article {551,
	title = {A gas-accepting ion source for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: Progress and applications},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {294},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2161},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {296-299},
	abstract = {The National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) facility at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution has developed an Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) system designed specifically for the analysis of 14C in a continuously flowing stream of carrier gas. A key part of the system is a gas-accepting microwave ion source. Recently, substantial progress has been made in the development of this source, having achieved ion currents rivaling that of a traditional graphite source (albeit at relatively low efficiency). Details and present performance of the gas source are given. Additionally, representative results obtained from coupling the source to both a gas chromatograph and gas bench are presented.},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2011.10.016},
	author = {Roberts, M. L. and von Reden, K. F. and Burton, J. R. and McIntyre, C. P. and Beaupre, S. R.}
}
@article {81,
	title = {A High-Throughput, Low-Cost Method for Analysis of Carbonate Samples for C-14},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2345; PT: J; TC: 0; UT: WOS:000325752100044},
	pages = {585-592},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16190},
	author = {Roberts, Mark L. and Beaupr{\'e}, Steven R. and Burton, Joshua R.}
}
@article {2499,
	title = {Late Holocene sedimentation and hydrologic development in a shallow coastal sinkhole on Great Abaco Island, The Bahamas},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {317},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-12-2013},
	pages = {118 - 132},
	abstract = {It remains poorly understood how sea level drives environmental change and hydrographic development in coastal karst basins (underwater caves, sinkholes, blueholes, etc.) over millennial timescales. It was previously hypothesized that coastal karst basins (CKBs) transition from vadose, to littoral, then anchialine, and finally submarine environments as sea-level rise inundates coastal karst landscapes, but the initial flooding event of CKBs remains challenging to sample. Runway Sinkhole hosts a modern anchialine ecosystem located \~{}225 m from Great Abaco Island coastline in The Bahamas, and its shallow water depth (\~{}1.8 mbsl) permits an investigation into the early environmental evolution and hydrographic development in a CKBs after inundation by sea-level rise. Four sediment cores were collected from Runway Sinkhole, and late Holocene environmental change was reconstructed with benthic foraminiferal paleoecology, organic matter geochemistry (OM\%, δ13Corg, and C:N), X-radiography, and radiocarbon dating. Despite some uncertainties associated with the chronology, it appears that Holocene sea-level rise initially flooded Runway Sinkhole and created a littoral environment at least by \~{}3.9 ka, whereafter a detrital peat deposit accumulated in the sinkhole. This detrital peat had a high organic matter content (mean 88\%), a δ13Corg value indicative of organic matter derived from C3 plants including mangroves (-28{\textperthousand}), and an unknown calcareous microfossil suggestive of a non-marine habitat in the sinkhole. A shift to carbonate sand deposition, organic matter with more marine-influenced δ13Corg values (-23{\textperthousand}), and expansion of euryhaline (Bolivina striatula, Elphidium poeyanum, and Triloculina bermudezi) and anchialine (Physalidia simplex and Conicospirillina exleyi) benthic foraminifera at \~{}1.2 ka marks the onset of modern anchialine environmental conditions at the sediment{\textendash}water interface (\~{}1.8 mbsl). These results suggest that relative sea-level rise in the Bahamas forced environmental change in Runway sinkhole at \~{}1.2 ka, and indicate that peat deposits in coastal sinkholes must be verified as in-situ before being utilized as sea-level indicators.},
	issn = {10406182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2013.09.032},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1040618213007507http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1040618213007507?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1040618213007507?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Kovacs, Shawn E. and van Hengstum, Peter J. and Reinhardt, Eduard G. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Albury, Nancy A.}
}
@article {2547,
	title = {Long-term variations in Iceland{\textendash}Scotland overflow strength during the Holocene},
	journal = {Climate of the Past},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-01-2013},
	pages = {2073 - 2084},
	abstract = {The overflow of deep water from the Nordic seas into the North Atlantic plays a critical role in global ocean circulation and climate. Approximately half of this overflow occurs via the Iceland{\textendash}Scotland (I{\textendash}S) overflow, yet the history of its strength throughout the Holocene (~ 0{\textendash}11 700 yr ago, ka) is poorly constrained, with previous studies presenting apparently contradictory evidence regarding its long-term variability. Here, we provide a comprehensive reconstruction of I{\textendash}S overflow strength throughout the Holocene using sediment grain size data from a depth transect of 13 cores from the Iceland Basin. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the main axis of the I{\textendash}S overflow on the Iceland slope was shallower during the early Holocene, deepening to its present depth by ~ 7 ka. Our results also reveal weaker I{\textendash}S overflow during the early and late Holocene, with maximum overflow strength occurring at ~ 7 ka, the time of a regional climate thermal maximum. Climate model simulations suggest a shoaling of deep convection in the Nordic seas during the early and late Holocene, consistent with our evidence for weaker I{\textendash}S overflow during these intervals. Whereas the reduction in I{\textendash}S overflow strength during the early Holocene likely resulted from melting remnant glacial ice sheets, the decline throughout the last 7000 yr was caused by an orbitally induced increase in the amount of Arctic sea ice entering the Nordic seas. Although the flux of Arctic sea ice to the Nordic seas is expected to decrease throughout the next century, model simulations predict that under high emissions scenarios, competing effects, such as warmer sea surface temperatures in the Nordic seas, will result in reduced deep convection, likely driving a weaker I{\textendash}S overflow.},
	doi = {10.5194/cp-9-2073-201310.5194/cp-9-2073-2013-supplement},
	url = {http://www.clim-past.net/9/2073/2013},
	author = {Thornalley, D. J. R. and Blaschek, M. and Davies, F. J. and Praetorius, S. and Oppo, D. W. and McManus, J. F. and Hall, I. R. and Kleiven, H. and Renssen, H. and McCave, I. N.}
}
@article { ISI:000320212400003,
	title = {Mid-Late Holocene coastal environmental changes in southeastern Sri Lanka: New evidence for sea level variations in southern Bay of Bengal},
	journal = {QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL},
	volume = {298},
	year = {2013},
	month = {JUN 17},
	pages = {20-36},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami highlighted the need to better understand the dynamics of the South Asian coastlines. Very little knowledge on paleo-coastal variability hinders the development of a paleo-tsunami chronology of the western Bay of Bengal. Also, limited sea level records for the southern Bay of Bengal are remarkably different from rest of the Indian Ocean due to alternating highstands and lowstands during mid-late Holocene. This study was undertaken to recognize how the coastal environment in tectonically stable eastern and southeastern coasts of Sri Lanka changed during mid-late Holocene and to derive evidence of sea level variability. Sediment cores were collected from Kirinda and Panama estuaries, Okanda lagoon and Vakarai beach ridge plain, situated on the eastern and southeastern coasts of Sri Lanka. Physical and chemical variations in sediments, caused by the coastal environmental changes occurred due to fluctuating eustatic sea level, were determined using X-ray fluorescence, visible reflectance, magnetic susceptibility and grain size. Chronology of events were developed using AMS C-14 dates on bulk organic matter, wood, inorganic carbonate and mollusk shells. Results suggest that key periods of transition in the coastal environment in the studied area occurred between about 7300 and 3000 BP. Submergence of coastal environments by mid-Holocene transgression began around 7300 BP. Barrier development initiated at the end of the submergence phase around 4900 BP. Onset of beach ridge development in areas with high sediment supply took place around 4000 BP and continued later than 2400 BP. Marine influence ended around 3000 BP. These coastal environmental changes suggest that Holocene transgression, which started flooding southeastern coastal lowlands, either slowed or the sea level stabilized around 4900 BP. Sea level fell down to its present level at around 3000 BP by the subsequent slow regression. Some cores carry evidence for a possible pause in the transgression or a short lowstand that ended around 5200 BR (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2013.02.030},
	author = {Ranasinghe, R. N. and Ortiz, J. D. and Moore, A. L. and McAdoo, B. and Wells, N. and Siriwardana, C. H. E. R. and Wijesundara, D. T. D. S.}
}
@article {79,
	title = {Sedimentological and geomorphological imprints of Holocene tsunamis in southwestern Spain: An approach to establish the recurrence period},
	journal = {Continental Shelf Drowned Landscapes (INQUA-CMP and IGCP-526)},
	volume = {203},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {97-104},
	abstract = {This paper reviews the sedimentological and geomorphological imprints of prehistoric and historical tsunamis in the four main estuaries of SW Spain. These imprints include beach erosion, filling of intertidal channels, deposition of bioclastic layers, washover fans and reworked aeolian sheets and the breaching of spits and tombolos. Most of these imprints were caused by the 218{\textendash}209 BC and AD 1755 tsunamis, although evidence of other tsunamis has been identified. In these two events, effects on human populations were severe and diverse, such as human loss of life, changes in coastal settlements and international borders, damage to port infrastructure or flooding of marsh and inhabited areas. New radiocarbon reservoir data were included in order to obtain an approach to the recurrence period of these high-energy events (700{\textendash}1000 years) in this area.},
	issn = {0169-555X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.09.008},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X13004650},
	author = {Ruiz, Francisco and Rodr{\'\i}guez-Vidal, Joaqu{\'\i}n and Abad, Manuel and C{\'a}ceres, Luis M. and Carretero, Mar{\'\i}a I. and Pozo, Manuel and Rodr{\'\i}guez-Llanes, Jos{\'e} M. and G{\'o}mez-Toscano, Francisco and Izquierdo, Tatiana and Font, Eric and Toscano, Antonio}
}
@article {77,
	title = {Source, diagenesis, and fluxes of particulate organic carbon along the western Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea)},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {337},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2335},
	pages = {156-170},
	abstract = {In this study, we investigated the modern organic carbon (OC) cycling along the clinoform-shaped deposit that developed after the attainment of the modern sea-level in the Adriatic Sea (~ 5.5 kyr cal BP). Newly acquired data were combined with published results to characterize the (i) origin, (ii) diagenesis, and (iii) fluxes of OC along the Adriatic clinoform. δ13C, Δ14C, and lignin phenols were used to constrain the composition of OC accumulating in surface sediments. Sediment cores collected at different water depths were used to describe the early diagenesis during burial in different regions. In addition, on the basis of an extensive number of accumulation rates and OC data, we assessed the flux of OC to the seabed and its burial. Our results showed that terrigenous OC is the dominant OC source in the Po prodelta mainly in the form of pre-aged soil-derived OC and vascular plant fragments. Along the clinoform, both Δ14C and the concentration of lignin-derived phenols decreased with increasing distance from the Po prodelta indicating the influence of an additional pool of aged OC that gradually becomes more important because of its selective preservation during the sediment transport. As a result, degradation rates (k) decreased along the clinoform as a function of the sediment oxidative history. The calculated half-life of reactive OC (t1/2) was ~ 14.6 yrs in the Po prodelta whereas topset/forest deposits south of this region exhibited higher values, ~ 100 yrs, indicating the presence of refractory material. In the distal bottomset region, the t1/2 was particularly high ranging from ~ 255 to ~ 912 yrs. Because of the significant southward component of the sediment transport, the OC deposition in the southern surface sediments exceeded the local OC input via rivers (ratio deposition/input 1.2). Conversely, the northern Adriatic was characterized by a marked imbalance (ratio deposition/input 0.3{\textendash}0.5). According to our calculations, the OC flux to the seabed along the clinoform was ~ 309 Gg of C per year whereas the OC burial was ~ 180 Gg of C per year, corresponding to an overall burial efficiency of ~ 59\%.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2013.03.001},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322713000273},
	author = {Tesi, T. and Langone, L. and Giani, M. and Ravaioli, M. and Miserocchi, S.}
}
@article {2546,
	title = {Transient stratification as the cause of the North Pacific productivity spike during deglaciation},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Feb-07-2014},
	pages = {622 - 626},
	abstract = {During the B{\o}lling{\textendash}Aller{\o}d warm period of the last deglaciation, about 14 kyr ago, there was a strong and pervasive spike in primary productivity in the North Pacific Ocean1. It has been suggested that this productivity event was caused by an influx of the micronutrient iron from surrounding continental shelves as they were flooded by sea-level rise2. Here we test this hypothesis by comparing numerous proxies of productivity with iron flux and provenance measured from a core from the subarctic Pacific Ocean. We find no evidence for an abrupt deglacial pulse of iron from any source at the time of peak productivity. Instead, we argue that the deglacial productivity peak was caused by two stepwise events. First, deep convection during early deglaciation increased nutrient supply to the surface but also increased the depth of the mixed layer, which pushed surface production deeper in the water column and induced light limitation. A subsequent input of meltwater from northern American ice sheets then stratified the water column, which relieved light limitation while leaving the surface waters enriched in nutrients. We conclude that iron plays, at most, a secondary role in controlling productivity during the glacial and deglacial periods in the subarctic Pacific Ocean.},
	keywords = {Biogeochemistry, Marine biology, Marine chemistry, Palaeoceanography},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/ngeo1873},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ngeo1873},
	author = {Lam, Phoebe J. and Robinson, Laura F. and Blusztajn, Jerzy and Li, Camille and Cook, Mea S. and McManus, Jerry F. and Keigwin, Lloyd D.}
}
@article {124,
	title = {An ~11,200 cal yr BP paleolimnological perspective for the archeological findings at Quartz Lake, Alaska},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {48},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2134},
	pages = {83-99},
	abstract = {Wetlands and lakes in the Tanana Valley, Alaska, have provided important resources for prehistoric humans who inhabited this region. We examine an ~11,200 cal yr BP record of environmental and paleolimnological changes from Quartz Lake in the middle Tanana Valley. Our data are also presented in the context of recent archaeological findings in the lake{\textquoteright}s general vicinity that have 18 associated AMS 14C dates. We analyzed the stable-carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of total organic matter from the core, coupled with oxygen and carbon isotope analyses of Pisidiidae shells (fingernail clams), in addition to chironomid assemblage changes. Lacustrine sediments began to accumulate at ~11,200 cal yr BP. Initially, autochthonous production was low and allochthonous organic input was negligible between 11,000 and 10,500 cal yr BP, and were associated with relatively cool conditions at Quartz Lake at ~10,700 cal yr BP. After 10,500 cal yr BP, autochthonous production was higher coincident with a shift to chironomid assemblages dominated by taxa associated with warmer summer climates. A decrease in δ13C values of total organic carbon (TOC) and organic content of the sediment between 9,000 and 4,000 cal yr BP may indicate declining autochthonous primary production. This period ended with an abrupt (~7 {\textperthousand}) decrease in the δ18O values from Pisidiidae shells at ~3,000 cal yr BP, which we hypothesize represented an episodic connection (flood) of the lake with flow from the nearby (~6 km) Tanana River. Our findings coincide with evidence for major flooding at other locations connected to the Tanana River and further afield in Alaska. From ~3,000 cal yr BP Quartz Lake subsequently appeared to become a relatively closed system, as indicated by the δ18OPisidiidae and δ13CPisidiidae data that are positively correlated and generally higher, which also correlates with a shift to moderately higher abundances of littoral chironomids. The cause of the transition to closed-basin conditions may have been geomorphic rather than climatic. This evidence of a progressively stronger evaporative influence on the lake{\textquoteright}s closed hydrology after ~3,000 cal yr BP is consistent with our modern δ18O and δD water data from Quartz Lake that plot along a regional evaporative line we base on isotopic measurements from other local lakes and rivers.},
	doi = {10.1007/s10933-012-9610-9},
	author = {Wooller, M. J. and Kurek, J. and Gaglioti, B. V. and Cwynar, L. C. and Bigelow, N. and Reuther, J. D. and Gelvin-Reymiller, C. and Smol, J. P.}
}
@article {2458,
	title = {Anthropogenic aerosols as a source of ancient dissolved organic matter in glaciers},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Jul-02-2013},
	pages = {198 - 201},
	abstract = {Glacier-derived dissolved organic matter represents a quantitatively significant source of ancient, yet highly bioavailable carbon to downstream ecosystems1. This finding runs counter to logical perceptions of age{\textendash}reactivity relationships, in which the least reactive material withstands degradation the longest and is therefore the oldest2. The remnants of ancient peatlands and forests overrun by glaciers have been invoked as the source of this organic matter1, 3, 4. Here, we examine the radiocarbon age and chemical composition of dissolved organic matter in snow, glacier surface water, ice and glacier outflow samples from Alaska to determine the origin of the organic matter. Low levels of compounds derived from vascular plants indicate that the organic matter does not originate from forests or peatlands. Instead, we show that the organic matter on the surface of the glaciers is radiocarbon depleted, consistent with an anthropogenic aerosol source. Fluorescence spectrophotometry measurements reveal the presence of protein-like compounds of microbial or aerosol origin. In addition, ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry measurements document the presence of combustion products found in anthropogenic aerosols. Based on the presence of these compounds, we suggest that aerosols derived from fossil fuel burning are a source of pre-aged organic matter to glacier surfaces. Furthermore, we show that the molecular signature of the organic matter is conserved in snow, glacier water and outflow, suggesting that the anthropogenic carbon is exported relatively unchanged in glacier outflows.},
	keywords = {Atmospheric chemistry, Biogeochemistry, Cryospheric science},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/ngeo1403},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ngeo1403},
	author = {Stubbins, Aron and Hood, Eran and Raymond, Peter A. and Aiken, George R. and Sleighter, Rachel L. and Hernes, Peter J. and Butman, David and Hatcher, Patrick G. and Striegl, Robert G. and Schuster, Paul and Abdulla, Hussain A. N. and Vermilyea, Andrew W. and Scott, Durelle T. and Spencer, Robert G. M.}
}
@article {137,
	title = {Changes in planktic foraminiferal faunas, temperature and salinity in the Gulf Stream during the last 30,000 years: influence of meltwater via the Mississippi River},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2150},
	pages = {42-54},
	abstract = {Variations in the distribution of planktic foraminiferal faunas, temperature and salinity in the surface water of the Gulf Stream during the last 30,000 years have been reconstructed based on a sediment core from the Blake Ridge, subtropical western Atlantic Ocean. Temperatures and salinities were calculated using planktic foraminiferal transfer functions and previously published oxygen isotope values. Productivity was estimated using the >106 μm size fraction of planktic foraminifera. The reconstructed values show that temperature variations have been small during the investigated period with a total range of only 3 {\textdegree}C. The highest temperatures, about 1.5 {\textdegree}C above the present temperature in the area, occurred during the late Glacial, Heinrich event 1 and the mid Holocene time periods. The lowest temperatures, about 1.5 {\textdegree}C below the present temperatures, occurred during the B{\o}lling interstadial. The early Holocene period was relatively cool. The low temperatures during the B{\o}lling interstadial and during the early Holocene are in contrast to the northeastern Atlantic, where the B{\o}lling interstadial was the warmest period of the deglaciation, and the early Holocene the warmest during the Holocene. We attribute the lower temperatures during the B{\o}lling and early Holocene periods to colder meltwater from the Laurentide Ice Sheet flowing into the Gulf of Mexico through the Mississippi River system and carried to the Blake Ridge via the Gulf Stream.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.11.019},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379111003787},
	author = {Rasmussen, T. L. and Thomsen, E.}
}
@article {131,
	title = {Characterization of soils beneath a Posidonia oceanica meadow},
	journal = {Geoderma},
	volume = {185{\textendash}186},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2300},
	pages = {26-36},
	abstract = {The study of a 475 cm core (spanning 4316 y BP) sampled in a Posidonia oceanica meadow (Portlligat Bay, NW Mediterranean) allowed us to make the first detailed description of the soil below this endemic seagrass. The sediments under P. oceanica (often referred to as mat or matte) are low density (average bulk density of 0.69 g DW cm- 3) marine soils mainly composed of siliciclastic (46\%) and biogenic carbonated (46\%) fine-grained sediments (particles 1 mm) and finer organic matter (3\% of SOM;},
	issn = {0016-7061},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.03.020},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706112001395},
	author = {Serrano, O. and Mateo, M. A. and Renom, P. and Juli{\`a}, R.}
}
@article {130,
	title = {Chemical and bacteriological analysis of soil from the Middle and Late Weichselian from Western Spitsbergen, Arctic},
	journal = {The environment and chronology of the earliest occupation of north-west Europe: current knowledge, problems and new research directions},
	volume = {271},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2316},
	pages = {98-105},
	abstract = {This paper discusses temporal variability in the biogeochemical properties of the deeper permafrost soils of Western Spitsbergen, Arctic, that dates back up to the Middle Weichselian period (44.8 ka BP). Results indicate that during the mid of the last interstadial (\~{}37 ka BP) the chemical and biological properties of the soils were different from the stadial period that followed. Trace element concentration during the period remained low. Electrical conductivity along with K, Mg, Na, SO4-2, Cl- and HCO3- content of the soils during this period was high. Mineralizable nitrogen, organic carbon, biomass nitrogen and total bacterial counts were also high. These observations concurrently lead to a conclusion that the soils of Western Spitsbergen during the interstadial period were under marine influence. The culturability of bacterial cells was low which increased later with the onset of the stadial.},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2012.03.008},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618212001541},
	author = {Singh, Shiv Mohan and Sharma, Jagdev and Gawas-Sakhalkar, Puja and Upadhyay, Ajay K. and Naik, Simantini and Bande, Dnyanesh and Ravindra, Rasik}
}
@article {126,
	title = {Climatic and environmental evolution of Lake Iznik (NW Turkey) over the last \~{}4700 years},
	journal = {Temporal and spatial corridors of Homo sapiens sapiens population dynamics during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene},
	volume = {274},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2337},
	pages = {88-101},
	abstract = {Magnetic susceptibility, geochemistry, mineralogy and palynology of sediments from Lake Iznik in Northwestern Anatolia, Turkey, provide a 4700 year record of climatic trends and events. The measured proxies allow a reconstruction of variations in humid/dry periods and lake level changes. The Lake Iznik sedimentary sequence points to an oscillating trend of humid periods interrupted by rapid climate change (RCC) to arid periods. Especially abrupt lithologic and geochemical changes at 4.2 and 3.3 ka calBP may outline intense droughts, which extremely lowered the lake level. For the last 2000 years, the effects of the Roman warm period, Dark Age cold period, Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age are recorded within Lake Iznik sediments. Besides many similarities of local climatic periods with other records from the Eastern Mediterranean, there are also differences indicating the complex pattern of the climate in the region.},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2012.06.016},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618212004363},
	author = {{\"U}lgen, Umut Bar{\i}{\c s} and Franz, Sven Oliver and Biltekin, Demet and {\c C}a{\u g}atay, M. Namik and Roeser, Patricia Angelika and Doner, Lisa and Thein, Jean}
}
@article {135,
	title = {Composition and fate of gas and oil released to the water column during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {109},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2247; PT: J; TC: 10; UT: WOS:000312605600028},
	pages = {20229-20234},
	abstract = {Quantitative information regarding the endmember composition of the gas and oil that flowed from the Macondo well during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill is essential for determining the oil flow rate, total oil volume released, and trajectories and fates of hydrocarbon components in the marine environment. Using isobaric gas-tight samplers, we collected discrete samples directly above the Macondo well on June 21, 2010, and analyzed the gas and oil. We found that the fluids flowing from the Macondo well had a gas-to-oil ratio of 1,600 standard cubic feet per petroleum barrel. Based on the measured endmember gas-to-oil ratio and the Federally estimated net liquid oil release of 4.1 million barrels, the total amount of C-1-C-5 hydrocarbons released to the water column was 1.7 x 10(11) g. The endmember gas and oil compositions then enabled us to study the fractionation of petroleum hydrocarbons in discrete water samples collected in June 2010 within a southwest trending hydrocarbon-enriched plume of neutrally buoyant water at a water depth of 1,100 m. The most abundant petroleum hydrocarbons larger than C-1-C-5 were benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylenes at concentrations up to 78 mu gL(-1). Comparison of the endmember gas and oil composition with the composition of water column samples showed that the plume was preferentially enriched with water-soluble components, indicating that aqueous dissolution played a major role in plume formation, whereas the fates of relatively insoluble petroleum components were initially controlled by other processes.},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1101242108},
	author = {Reddy, Christopher M. and Arey, J. Samuel and Seewald, Jeffrey S. and Sylva, Sean P. and Lemkau, Karin L. and Nelson, Robert K. and Carmichael, Catherine A. and McIntyre, Cameron P. and Fenwick, Judith and Ventura, G. Todd and Van Mooy, Benjamin A. S. and Camilli, Richard}
}
@article {136,
	title = {Corrigendum to {\textquotedblleft}Timing and duration of North American glacial lake discharges and the Younger Dryas climate reversal{\textquotedblright} [Quaternary Research 75 (2011) 541{\textendash}551]},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2156},
	pages = {214},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2011.09.008},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589411001190},
	author = {Rayburn, John A. and Cronin, Thomas M. and Franzi, David A. and Knuepfer, Peter L. K. and Willard, Debra A.}
}
@article {132,
	title = {Direct measurement of riverine particulate organic carbon age structure},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2248; PT: J; TC: 0; UT: WOS:000309605800002},
	pages = {L19703-L19703},
	abstract = {Carbon cycling studies focusing on transport and transformation of terrigenous carbon sources toward marine sedimentary sinks necessitate separation of particulate organic carbon (OC) derived from many different sources and integrated by river systems. Much progress has been made on isolating and characterizing young biologically-formed OC that is still chemically intact, however quantification and characterization of old, refractory rock-bound OC has remained troublesome. Quantification of both endmembers of riverine OC is important to constrain exchanges linking biologic and geologic carbon cycles and regulating atmospheric CO2 and O-2. Here, we constrain petrogenic OC proportions in suspended sediment from the headwaters of the Ganges River in Nepal through direct measurement using ramped pyrolysis radiocarbon analysis. The unique results apportion the biospheric and petrogenic fractions of bulk particulate OC and characterize biospheric OC residence time. Compared to the same treatment of POC from the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River system, contrast in age spectra of the Ganges tributary samples illustrates the difference between small mountainous river systems and large integrative ones in terms of the global carbon cycle. Citation: Rosenheim, B. E., and V. Galy (2012), Direct measurement of riverine particulate organic carbon age structure, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L19703, doi:10.1029/2012GL052883.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2012GL052883},
	author = {Rosenheim, Brad E. and Galy, Valier}
}
@article {138,
	title = {Fine scale sediment structure and geochemical signature between eastern and western North Atlantic during Heinrich events 1 and 2},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2308},
	pages = {136-150},
	abstract = {Heinrich iceberg-rafting events 1 and 2 (H1 and H2) in the Labrador Sea are identified by their typical nepheloid-flow deposit sedimentary structure, high bulk carbonate, increase in iceberg-rafted detritus (IRD), and depletion of δ18O in the surface-dwelling foraminifer, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (s). H-layers in this region have sedimentological characteristics different than those in the North Atlantic, and consist of IRD interspersed in pelagic sediments. High resolution 14C-AMS dates allowed us to delineate the leads and lags in instability between different ice-streams of the former Laurentide ice-sheet (LIS). Our data suggest that the discharge from the Hudson Strait ice-stream was followed by Cumberland Sound ice-sheet during H1 and H2. New radiogenic isotopes from the ice-proximal and surficial sediments of the greater Hudson Strait region and Labrador Sea H0, H1 and H2 layers suggest that carbonate-rich layers were only derived from Hudson Strait, not Baffin Bay. Fine scale structure of H1 and H2 intervals in Labrador Sea slope cores is characterized by two lithic peaks dominated by detrital carbonate grains and a single peak in cores from the central Labrador Sea. A similar pattern in the structure of H1 and H2 is observed along the western European margin. These findings contrast with North Atlantic H1 and H2 intervals, which are characterized by a peak of carbonate-rich grains, followed by a peak of quartz and volcanic grains. This comparison with North Atlantic and western European margin cores leads us to suggest that the coupling or lack thereof, between the LIS and European ice-sheet, is related to the depositional processes occurring along the margins, as well as the distance from the sources and the ability of the oceanic currents to disperse icebergs. Any significant change in ice-sheet dynamics would be recorded close to the ice-sheet margin, while distal locations would only record extreme events. We hypothesize that the discordance between the findings reported in the literature is most likely similar to the difference between the upper slope/deep Labrador sites and the Flemish Pass site described in this contribution but requires vigorous testing.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.04.026},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112001734},
	author = {Rashid, H. and Saint-Ange, F. and Barber, D. C. and Smith, M. E. and Devalia, N.}
}
@article {146,
	title = {Geochemical and geological constraints on the composition of marine sediment pore fluid: Possible link to gas hydrate deposits},
	journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2306},
	pages = {35-52},
	abstract = {Pore water sulfate consumption in marine sediments is controlled by microbially driven sulfate reduction via organo-clastic and methane oxidation processes. In this work, we present sediment pore fluid compositions of 10 long sediment cores and high resolution seismic data from the Krishna{\textendash}Godavari (K{\textendash}G) basin, Bay of Bengal. Our results show occurrence of transient (S and kink types) and steady state (quasi-linear) sulfate concentration profiles which are attributed partly to the anaerobic oxidation of methane ( δ 13 C CH 4 : -84.8 to -100.1{\textperthousand} VPDB) and organo-clastic sulfate reduction. Influence of AOM on alkalinity is evident from the presence of authigenic carbonate layers with highly depleted carbon isotope ratios in core MD161-8. The authigenic carbonates represent the paleo-SMTZs and suggest marked fluctuation in vertical methane flux. Our geophysical data show the acoustic signatures of upward fluid migration from shallow sub-surface, whereas, coring during NGHP expedition-01 confirms the presence of sub-surface gas hydrate deposits in K{\textendash}G basin which can be linked to deep methane sources. The geochemical analysis suggests that shallow methane source can be attributed to high burial flux of labile organic matter due to high sedimentation rate. Sampling sites with high methane flux from the shallow gas source are characterized by quasi-linear sulfate concentration profile and a shallow sulfate methane transition zone (SMTZ) and may not be necessarily linked to deeper gas hydrate deposits. In contrast, the deep methane source results in a transient kink type sulfate profile and a deeper SMTZ. We have observed a close link between the occurrence of gas hydrate and the S/kink type sulfate profile. We interpret the short lived {\textquoteleft}kink{\textquoteright} in the sulfate profiles as a result of recent enhancement in vertical methane flux possibly driven by reactivation of fault-fractures systems which provide the conduits for fluid flow.},
	issn = {0264-8172},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2012.07.004},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264817212001808},
	author = {Mazumdar, A. and Joao, H. M. and Peketi, A. and Dewangan, P. and Kocherla, M. and Joshi, R. K. and Ramprasad, T.}
}
@article {134,
	title = {Marine radiocarbon reservoir corrections (∆R) for Chesapeake Bay and the Middle Atlantic Coast of North America},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2155},
	pages = {205-210},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon dates from known age, pre-bomb eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) shells provide local marine reservoir corrections (∆R) for Chesapeake Bay and the Middle Atlantic coastal area of eastern North America. These data suggest subregional variability in ∆R, ranging from 148 {\textpm} 46 14C yr on the Potomac River to - 109 {\textpm} 38 14C yr at Swan Point, Maryland. The ∆R weighted mean for the Chesapeake{\textquoteright}s Western Shore (129 {\textpm} 22 14C yr) is substantially higher than the Eastern Shore (- 88 {\textpm} 23 14C yr), with outer Atlantic Coast samples falling between these values (106 {\textpm} 46 and 2 {\textpm} 46 14C yr). These differences may result from a combination of factors, including 14C-depleted freshwater that enters the bay from some if its drainages, 14C-depleted seawater that enters the bay at its mouth, and/or biological carbon recycling. We advocate using different subregional ∆R corrections when calibrating 14C dates on aquatic specimens from the Chesapeake Bay and coastal Middle Atlantic region of North America.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2011.11.002},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589411001414},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Henkes, Gregory A. and Lowery, Darrin L. and Colman, Steven M. and Culleton, Brendan J.}
}
@article {143,
	title = {The Medieval Climate Anomaly in the Iberian Peninsula reconstructed from marine and lake records},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2334},
	pages = {16-32},
	abstract = {Selected multi-proxy and accurately dated marine and terrestrial records covering the past 2000 years in the Iberian Peninsula (IP) facilitated a comprehensive regional paleoclimate reconstruction for the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA: 900{\textendash}1300 AD). The sequences enabled an integrated approach to land{\textendash}sea comparisons and, despite local differences and some minor chronological inconsistencies, presented clear evidence that the MCA was a dry period in the Mediterranean IP. It was a period characterized by decreased lake levels, more xerophytic and heliophytic vegetation, a low frequency of floods, major Saharan eolian fluxes, and less fluvial input to marine basins. In contrast, reconstruction based on sequences from the Atlantic Ocean side of the peninsula indicated increased humidity. The data highlight the unique characteristics of the MCA relative to earlier (the Dark Ages, DA: ca 500{\textendash}900 years AD) and subsequent (the Little Ice Age, LIA: 1300{\textendash}1850 years AD) colder periods. The reconstruction supports the hypothesis of Trouet et al. (2009), that a persistent positive mode of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) dominated the MCA.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.04.007},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112001485},
	author = {Moreno, Ana and P{\'e}rez, Ana and Frigola, Jaime and Nieto-Moreno, Vanesa and Rodrigo-G{\'a}miz, Marta and Martrat, Bel{\'e}n and Gonz{\'a}lez-Samp{\'e}riz, Pen{\'e}lope and Morell{\'o}n, Mario and Mart{\'\i}n-Puertas, Celia and Corella, Juan Pablo and Belmonte, {\'A}nchel and Sancho, Carlos and Cacho, Isabel and Herrera, Gemma and Canals, Miquel and Grimalt, Joan O. and Jim{\'e}nez-Espejo, Francisco and Mart{\'\i}nez-Ruiz, Francisca and Vegas-Vilarr{\'u}bia, Teresa and Valero-Garc{\'e}s, Blas L.}
}
@article { ISI:000299864400020,
	title = {Modern and Fossil Contributions to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in PM2.5 from North Birmingham, Alabama in the Southeastern U.S.},
	journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE \& TECHNOLOGY},
	volume = {46},
	number = {{3}},
	year = {2012},
	month = {FEB 7},
	pages = {1422-1429},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Analyzing the radiocarbon (C-14) content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric particulate matter can provide estimates on the source contributions from biomass burning versus fossil fuel. The relative importance of these two sources to ambient PAHs varies considerably across regions and even countries, and hence there is a pressing need to apportion these sources. In this study, we advanced the radiocarbon analysis from bulk carbon to compound class specific radiocarbon analysis (CCSRA) to determine Delta C-14 and delta C-13 values of PAHs in PM2.5 samples for investigating biomass burning and fossil fuel source contributions to PAHs from one of the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) sites in North Birmingham (BHM), Alabama during winter (December 2004-February 2005) and summer (June-August 2005) by accelerator mass spectrometry. To compare our ambient samples to known sources, we collected and analyzed fenceline samples from the vicinity of a coke plant in BHM. As expected, PAHs from the coke plant fenceline samples had very low radiocarbon levels. Its Delta C-14 varied from -990 to -970 parts per thousand, indicating that 97 to 99\% were of fossil source. PAHs in the ambient PM2.5 had Delta C-14 from -968 to -911 parts per thousand, indicating that 92-97\% of PAHs were from fossil fuel combustion. These levels indicated the dominance of fossil sources of ambient PAHs. The radiocarbon level of ambient PAHs was higher in winter than in summer. Winter samples exhibited depleted delta C-13 value and enriched Delta C-14 value because of the increased contribution of PAHs from biomass burning source. However, biomass burning contributed more to heavier PAHs (modern source accounting for 6-8\%) than fighter ones with a modern contribution of 3\%.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/es2043189},
	author = {Xu, Li and Zheng, Mei and Ding, Xiang and Edgerton, Eric S. and Reddy, Christopher M.}
}
@article {2463,
	title = {Optimizing a microwave gas ion source for continuous-flow accelerator mass spectrometry},
	journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
	volume = {835240},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Jan-02-2012},
	pages = {02B304},
	abstract = {A 2.45 GHz microwave ion source coupled with a magnesium charge exchange canal (C {\texttimes} C) has been successfully adapted to a large acceptance radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry system at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) Facility, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. CO2 samples from various preparation sources are injected into the source through a glass capillary at 370 μl/min. Routine system parameters are about 120{\textendash}140 μA of negative 12C current after the C {\texttimes} C, leading to about 400 14C counts per second for a modern sample and implying a system efficiency of 0.2\%. While these parameters already allow us to perform high-quality AMS analyses on large samples, we are working on ways to improve the output of the ion source regarding emittance and efficiency. Modeling calculations suggest modifications in the extraction triode geometry, shape, and size of the plasma chamber could improve emittance and, hence, ion transport efficiency. Results of experimental tests of these modifications are presented.},
	issn = {0034-6748},
	doi = {10.1063/1.3656408},
	url = {http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.3656408http://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.3656408},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and Roberts, M. L. and Burton, J. R. and {\'e}, S. R.}
}
@article { ISI:000306950700015,
	title = {Paleoseismic and geomorphologic evidence of recent tectonic activity of the Pozohondo Fault (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain)},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF IBERIAN GEOLOGY},
	volume = {38},
	number = {{1, SI}},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {239-251},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Instrumental and historical seismicity in the Albacete province (External Prebetic Zone) has been scarcely recorded. However, major strike-slip faults showing NW-SE trending provide geomorphologic and paleoseismic evidence of recent tectonic activity (Late Pleistocene to Present). Moreover, these faults are consistently well oriented under the present stress tensor and therefore, they can trigger earthquakes of magnitude greater than M6, according to the lengths of surface ruptures and active segments recognized in fieldwork. Present landscape nearby the village of Hellin (SE of Albacete) is determined by the recent activity of the Pozohondo Fault (FPH), a NW-SE right-lateral fault with 90 km in length. In this study, we have calculated the Late Quaternary tectonic slip-rate of the FPH from geomorphological, sedimentological, archaeoseimological, and paleoseismological approaches. All of these data suggest that the FPH runs with a minimum slip-rate of 0.1 mm/yr during the last 100 kyrs (Upper Pleistocene-Holocene). In addition, we have recognized the last two major paleoearthquakes associated to this fault. Magnitudes of these paleoearthquakes were gretarer than M6 and their recurrence intervals ranged from 6600 to 8600 yrs for the seismic cycle of FPH. The last earthquake was dated between the 1st and 6th centuries, though two earthquakes could be interpreted in this wide time interval, one at the FPH and other from a far field source. Results obtained here, suggest an increasing of the tectonic activity of the Pozohondo Fault during the last 10,000 yrs.},
	keywords = {Geomorphology, Paleoseismology, Prebetic, Quaternary, SE Spain},
	issn = {1698-6180},
	doi = {10.5209/rev_JIGE.2012.v38.n1.39216},
	author = {Rodriguez-Pascua, M. A. and Perez-Lopez, R. and Garduno-Monroy, V. H. and Giner-Robles, J. L. and Silva, P. G. and Perucha-Atienza, M. A. and Hernandez-Madrigal, V. M. and Bischoff, J.}
}
@article {133,
	title = {Re-evaluating the origins of late Pleistocene fire areas on Santa Rosa Island, California, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {78},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2301},
	pages = {353-362},
	abstract = {At the close of the Pleistocene, fire regimes in North America changed significantly in response to climate change, megafaunal extinctions, anthropogenic burning and, possibly, even an extraterrestrial impact. On California{\textquoteright}s Channel Islands, researchers have long debated the nature of late Pleistocene {\textquotedblleft}fire areas,{\textquotedblright} discrete red zones in sedimentary deposits, interpreted by some as prehistoric mammoth-roasting pits created by humans. Further research found no evidence that these red zones were cultural in origin, and two hypotheses were advanced to explain their origin: natural fires and groundwater processes. Radiocarbon dating, X-ray diffraction analysis, and identification of charcoal from six red zones on Santa Rosa Island suggest that the studied features date between ~ 27,500 and 11,400 cal yr BP and resulted from burning or heating, not from groundwater processes. Our results show that fire was a component of late Pleistocene Channel Island ecology prior to and after human colonization of the islands, with no clear evidence for increased fire frequency coincident with Paleoindian settlement, extinction of pygmy mammoths, or a proposed Younger Dryas impact event.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2012.06.006},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589412000786},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Wah, John S. and Erlandson, Jon M.}
}
@article {2566,
	title = {Sea surface temperature variability and sea-ice extent in the subarctic northwest Pacific during the past 15,000 years},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Jan-09-2012},
	pages = {n/a - n/a},
	abstract = {Past changes in North Pacific sea surface temperatures and sea-ice conditions are proposed to play a crucial role in deglacial climate development and ocean circulation but are less well known than from the North Atlantic. Here, we present new alkenone-based sea surface temperature records from the subarctic northwest Pacific and its marginal seas (Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk) for the time interval of the last 15 kyr, indicating millennial-scale sea surface temperature fluctuations similar to short-term deglacial climate oscillations known from Greenland ice core records. Past changes in sea-ice distribution are derived from relative percentage of specific diatom groups and qualitative assessment of the IP25biomarker related to sea-ice diatoms. The deglacial variability in sea-ice extent matches the sea surface temperature fluctuations. These fluctuations suggest a linkage to deglacial variations in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and a close atmospheric coupling between the North Pacific and North Atlantic. During the Holocene the subarctic North Pacific is marked by complex sea surface temperature trends, which do not support the hypothesis of a Holocene seesaw in temperature development between the North Atlantic and the North Pacific.},
	doi = {10.1029/2012PA002292},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2012PA002292},
	author = {Max, Lars and Riethdorf, Jan-Rainer and Tiedemann, Ralf and Smirnova, Maria and Lembke-Jene, Lester and Fahl, Kirsten and {\"u}rnberg, Dirk and Matul, Alexander and Mollenhauer, Gesine}
}
@article { ISI:000299769200036,
	title = {The Southern Ocean{\textquoteright}s Role in Carbon Exchange During the Last Deglaciation},
	journal = {SCIENCE},
	volume = {335},
	number = {{6068}},
	year = {2012},
	month = {FEB 3},
	pages = {557-561},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Changes in the upwelling and degassing of carbon from the Southern Ocean form one of the leading hypotheses for the cause of glacial-interglacial changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide. We present a 25,000-year-long Southern Ocean radiocarbon record reconstructed from deep-sea corals, which shows radiocarbon-depleted waters during the glacial period and through the early deglaciation. This depletion and associated deep stratification disappeared by similar to 14.6 ka (thousand years ago), consistent with the transfer of carbon from the deep ocean to the surface ocean and atmosphere via a Southern Ocean ventilation event. Given this evidence for carbon exchange in the Southern Ocean, we show that existing deep-ocean radiocarbon records from the glacial period are sufficiently depleted to explain the similar to 190 per mil drop in atmospheric radiocarbon between similar to 17 and 14.5 ka.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1208163},
	author = {Burke, Andrea and Robinson, Laura F.}
}
@article {154,
	title = {Stratigraphic evidence for an early Holocene earthquake in Aceh, Indonesia},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2139},
	pages = {142-151},
	abstract = {The Holocene stratigraphy of the coastal plain of the Aceh Province of Sumatra contains 6 m of sediment with three regionally consistent buried soils above pre-Quaternary bedrock or pre-Holocene unconsolidated sediment. Litho-, bio-, and chronostratigraphic analyses of the lower buried soil reveals a rapid change in relative sea-level caused by coseismic subsidence during an earlyHolocene megathrust earthquake. Evidence for paleoseismic subsidence is preserved as a buried mangrove soil, dominated by a pollen assemblage of Rhizophora and/or Bruguiera/Ceriops taxa. The soil is abruptly overlain by a thin tsunami sand. The sand contains mixed pollen and abraded foraminiferal assemblages of both offshore and onshore environments. The tsunami sand grades upward into mud that contains both well-preserved foraminifera of intertidal origin and individuals of the gastropod Cerithidea cingulata. Radiocarbon ages from the pre- and post-seismic sedimentary sequences constrain the paleoearthquake to 6500{\textendash}7000 cal. yrs. BP. We use micro-and macrofossil data to determine the local paleoenvironment before and after the earthquake. We estimate coseismic subsidence to be 0.45 {\textpm} 0.30 m, which is comparable to the 0.6 m of subsidence observed during the 2004 Aceh{\textendash}Andaman earthquake on Aceh{\textquoteright}s west coast.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.03.011},
	author = {Grand Pre, C. and Horton, B. P. and Kelsey, H. M. and Rubin, C. M. and Hawkes, A. D. and Daryono, M. and Rosenberg, G. and Culver, S. J.}
}
@article {165,
	title = {The synchronization of palaeoclimatic events in the North Atlantic region during Greenland Stadial 3 (ca 27.5 to 23.3 kyr b2k)},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2145},
	pages = {154-163},
	abstract = {Two high resolution marine sediment cores located 83 km apart in the NE Atlantic have been studied: MD95-2006 (Barra Fan; 57{\textdegree}01.82 N, 10{\textdegree}03.48 W; 2120 m water depth) and MD04-2822 (Rockall Trough; 56{\textdegree}50.54 N, 11{\textdegree}22.96 W; 2344 m water depth). The records are anchored to the NGRIP ice core stratigraphy and GICC05 chronology by the presence of geochemically characterized Fugloyarbanki tephra and further tested by radiocarbon age control. Replicated sea surface temperature (SST) records show evidence for an abrupt and short-lived warming within Greenland Stadial (GS)-3, to which we tentatively assign an age of ca 25.6{\textendash}24.8 kyr GICC05 b2k. Based on these and another marine palaeoclimate record (LINK17) from the Faroe-Shetland Channel, we propose a new three-fold event stratigraphy for GS-3 within the North East Atlantic region. The recognition of this warming event within GS-3 in NE Atlantic SST records demonstrates that such events may not readily be identified within the coldest stadials of the Greenland ice cores, highlights the need for carefully constructed event stratigraphies (independently tested by the use of tephra isochrones and radiocarbon) and illustrates pervasive millennial-scale climate variability of the North Atlantic region (Dansgaard-Oeschger (D/O) events) is deeply embedded in the dynamics of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC).},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.12.014},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379110004452},
	author = {Austin, W. E. N. and Hibbert, F. D. and Rasmussen, S. O. and Peters, C. and Abbott, P. M. and Bryant, C. L.}
}
@article {182,
	title = {The application of foraminifera to reconstruct the rate of 20th century sea level rise, Morbihan Golfe, Brittany, France},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 1889; 713FR Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:71submittedY},
	pages = {24-35},
	abstract = {Foraminiferal assemblages preserved within salt-marsh sediment can provide an accurate and precise means to reconstruct relative sea level due to a strong relationship with elevation, which can be quantified using a transfer function. We collected a set of surface samples from two salt marshes in the Morbihan Golfe, France to determine foraminiferal distribution patterns. Dominant taxa included Jadammina macrescens, Trochammina inflata, Haplophragmoides spp. and Miliammina fusca. We developed a foraminifera-based transfer function using a modern training set of 36 samples and 23 species. The strong relationship between observed and predicted values (r(jack)(2) = 0.7) indicated that foraminiferal distribution is primarily controlled by elevation with respect to the tidal frame and precise reconstructions of former sea level are possible (RMSEP(jack) = 0.07 m). The application of the transfer function to a short salt-marsh core (0.32 m) allowed the reconstruction of former sea levels, which were placed in a chronological framework using short-lived radionuclides ((210)Pb and (137)Cs). The agreement between the foraminifera-based sea level curve and the Brest tide-gauge record confirms the reliability of transfer function estimates and the validity of this methodology to extend sea level reconstructions back into the pre-instrumental period. Both instrumental and microfossil records suggest an acceleration of sea level rise during the 20th century. (C) 2010 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Yqres.2010.07.017},
	author = {Rossi, V. and Horton, B. P. and Corbett, D. R. and Leorri, E. and Perez-Belmonte, L. and Douglas, B. C.}
}
@article {225,
	title = {Carbonate veins trace seawater circulation during exhumation and uplift of mantle rock: Results from ODP Leg 209},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {311},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2162},
	pages = {242-252},
	abstract = {Carbonate veins hosted in ultramafic basement drilled at two sites in the Mid Atlantic Ridge 15{\textdegree}N area record two different stages of fluid-basement interaction. A first generation of carbonate veins consists of calcite and dolomite that formed syn- to postkinematically in tremolite{\textendash}chlorite schists and serpentine schists that represent gently dipping large-offset faults. These veins formed at temperatures between 90 and 170 {\textdegree}C (oxygen isotope thermometry) and from fluids that show intense exchange of Sr and Li with the basement (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70387 to 0.70641, δ7LiL-SVEC = + 3.3 to + 8.6{\textperthousand}). Carbon isotopic compositions range to high δ13CPDB values (+ 8.7{\textperthousand}), indicating that methanogenesis took place at depth. The Sr{\textendash}Li{\textendash}C isotopic composition suggests temperatures of fluid-rock interaction that are much higher (T > 350{\textendash}400 {\textdegree}C) than the temperatures of vein mineral precipitation inferred from oxygen isotopes. A possible explanation for this discrepancy is that fluids cooled conductively during upflow within the presumed detachment fault. Aragonite veins were formed during the last 130 kyrs at low-temperatures within the uplifted serpentinized peridotites. Chemical and isotopic data suggest that the aragonites precipitated from cold seawater, which underwent overall little exchange with the basement. Oxygen isotope compositions indicate an increase in formation temperature of the veins by 8{\textendash}12 {\textdegree}C within the uppermost ~ 80 m of the subseafloor. This increase corresponds to a high regional geothermal gradient of 100{\textendash}150 {\textdegree}C/km, characteristic of young lithosphere undergoing rapid uplift.},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.021},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X11005358},
	author = {Bach, Wolfgang and Rosner, Martin and J{\"o}ns, Niels and Rausch, Svenja and Robinson, Laura F. and Paulick, Holger and Erzinger, J{\"o}rg}
}
@article {203,
	title = {Climate related sea-level variations over the past two millennia},
	journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
	volume = {108},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 853; Kemp, Andrew C Horton, Benjamin P Donnelly, Jeffrey P Mann, Michael E Vermeer, Martin Rahmstorf, Stefan Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jul 5;108(27):11017-22. Epub 2011 Jun 20.3131350submittedY},
	pages = {11017-22},
	abstract = {We present new sea-level reconstructions for the past 2100 y based on salt-marsh sedimentary sequences from the US Atlantic coast. The data from North Carolina reveal four phases of persistent sea-level change after correction for glacial isostatic adjustment. Sea level was stable from at least BC 100 until AD 950. Sea level then increased for 400 y at a rate of 0.6 mm/y, followed by a further period of stable, or slightly falling, sea level that persisted until the late 19th century. Since then, sea level has risen at an average rate of 2.1 mm/y, representing the steepest century-scale increase of the past two millennia. This rate was initiated between AD 1865 and 1892. Using an extended semiempirical modeling approach, we show that these sea-level changes are consistent with global temperature for at least the past millennium.},
	issn = {1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1015619108},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21690367},
	author = {Kemp, A. C. and Horton, B. P. and Donnelly, J. P. and Mann, M. E. and Vermeer, M. and Rahmstorf, S.}
}
@article {209,
	title = {Contemporary 14C radiocarbon levels of oxygenated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (O-PBDEs) isolated in sponge{\textendash}cyanobacteria associations},
	journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2192},
	pages = {631-636},
	abstract = {Considerable debate surrounds the sources of oxygenated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (O-PBDEs) in wildlife as to whether they are naturally produced or result from anthropogenic industrial activities. Natural radiocarbon (14C) abundance has proven to be a powerful tool to address this problem as recently biosynthesized compounds contain contemporary (i.e. modern) amounts of atmospheric radiocarbon; whereas industrial chemicals, mostly produced from fossil fuels, contain no detectable 14C. However, few compounds isolated from organisms have been analyzed for their radiocarbon content. To provide a baseline, we analyzed the 14C content of four O-PBDEs. These compounds, 6-OH-BDE47, 2'-OH-BDE68, 2',6-diOH-BDE159, and a recently identified compound, 2'-MeO-6-OH-BDE120, were isolated from the tropical marine sponges Dysidea granulosa and Lendenfeldia dendyi. The modern radiocarbon content of their chemical structures (i.e. diphenyl ethers, C12H22O) indicates that they are naturally produced. This adds to a growing baseline on, at least, the sources of these unusual compounds.},
	issn = {0025-326X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.12.022},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X11000075},
	author = {Guitart, Carlos and Slattery, Marc and Ankisetty, Sridevi and Radwan, Mohamed and Ross, Samir J. and Letcher, Robert J. and Reddy, Christopher M.}
}
@article {171,
	title = {Design and reality: Continuous-flow accelerator mass spectrometry (CFAMS)},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Accelerators in Applied Research and Technology (ECAART10)},
	volume = {269},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2157},
	pages = {3176-3179},
	abstract = {In 2007 we published [1] the design of a novel accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) system capable of analyzing gaseous samples injected continuously into a microwave plasma gas ion source. Obvious advantages of such a system are drastically reduced processing times and avoidance of potentially contaminating chemical preparation steps. Another paper in these proceedings will present the progress with the development of the microwave gas ion source that has since been built and tested at the National Ocean Sciences AMS Facility in Woods Hole [2]. In this paper we will review the original design and present updates, reflecting our recent encouraging experience with the system. A simple summary: large acceptance ion beam optics design is beneficial to accelerator mass spectrometry in general, but essential to AMS with plasma gas ion sources.},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2011.04.019},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168583X11003703},
	author = {von Reden, Karl F. and Roberts, Mark L. and McIntyre, Cameron P. and Burton, Joshua R.}
}
@conference {1614,
	title = {Distribution of radiocarbon ages of soil organic matter by thermal fractionation},
	volume = {2011},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2207; Source type: scholarlyjournals; Object type: Article; Object type: Conference Paper; Copyright: GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Reference includes data supplied by, and/or abstract, Copyright, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States; CSAUnique: 638157-114; AccNum: 638157-114; CODEN: $\#$07548},
	month = {2011},
	pages = {@Abstract B31A-0311},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States (USA)},
	organization = {American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States (USA)},
	address = {United States (USA)},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon analysis has become an important tool in quantifying the dynamics of soil organic matter within the terrestrial carbon cycle (Trumbore 2009). Measuring radiocarbon concentrations in bulk soil samples provides only the mean age or residence time of the associated organic matter, but it is well recognized that representing soil organic matter as a single, homogeneous pool is inadequate. Significant effort has gone into separating soil organic matter into pools with different intrinsic turnover rates (i.e., radiocarbon concentrations), but the success of these separation methods has been mixed. Using thermal analysis techniques to characterize soil organic matter is rooted in the hypothesized link between the thermal and biogeochemical stability of the organic matter (Plante et al. 2011). Two grassland topsoil samples under contrasting land uses (native vegetation and long-term cultivation) were sampled in 2005 and submitted for radiocarbon analysis. Results of bulk (super 14) C showed a significant shift in radiocarbon age (94 to 79 pMC in the soil from Indian Head, Saskatchewan; 104 to 89 pMC in the soil from Akron, Colorado), attributable to the depletion of labile organic matter during long-term cultivation. Thermogravimetry and evolved gas analysis of these soil samples also showed distinct patterns in mass loss and CO (sub 2) release during thermal analysis, suggesting significant changes in organic matter composition. Four to five "fractions" associated with different CO (sub 2) -evolution regions have been identified and will be analyzed for radiocarbon via NOSAMS{\textquoteright}s established "dirt burner" method (Rosenheim et al. 2008), consisting of the recently developed discrete CO (sub 2) fraction collector interface between NOSAMS{\textquoteright}s dirt burner and microwave gas ion source (GIS) continuous flow AMS system (CFAMS). The research question is: Do the differing patterns in CO (sub 2) release during thermal analysis reflect organic matter of different ages Our working hypothesis is that thermally labile soil organic matter (combusting at low temperatures) will consist of younger carbon than thermally resistant organic matter. References: Plante, A. F., J. M. Fernandez, M. L. Haddix, and R. T. Conant. 2011. Biological, chemical and thermal indices of soil organic matter stability in four grassland soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 43: 1051-1058. Rosenheim, B. E., M. B. Day, E. Domack, H. Schrum, A. Benthien, and J. M. Hayes. 2008. Antarctic sediment chronology by programmed-temperature pyrolysis: Methodology and data treatment. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 9: 1-16. Trumbore, S. 2009. Radiocarbon and soil carbon dynamics. Annu Rev Earth Pl Sc 37: 47-66.},
	author = {Plante, A. F. and Beaupre, S. R. and Fernandez, J. M. and Roberts, M. and Baisden, W. T.}
}
@article {208,
	title = {East{\textendash}West similarities and differences in the surface and deep northern Arabian Sea records during the past 21 Kyr},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {301},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2100},
	pages = {75-85},
	abstract = {This study analyses monsoon proxy Globigerina bulloides from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 723A (western Arabian Sea) and Hole ABP-25, 02 (northeastern Arabian Sea) as well as dominant benthic foraminifera, pteropods, total organic carbon (TOC), Inorganic Carbon (IC) and stable isotope values of benthic foraminifera from Hole ABP-25, 02 to understand summer monsoon-driven changes in the western and eastern Arabian Sea and their impacts on deep-sea ventilation during the past 21 Kyr. We have also combined published TOC data from ODP Hole 724B to understand if deep-sea conditions in the Arabian Sea were same throughout the region during the studied interval. The summer monsoon was generally weaker during cold intervals including the Last Glacial Maximum, the Younger Dryas and the Bond events of the Holocene. From 20 to 10 Kyr, the deep northeastern Arabian Sea was better oxygenated with less organic carbon supply except during 14{\textendash}12.5 Kyr when TOC values increased, indicating a weaker summer monsoon and a weak oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). The TOC values and the abundance of the eutrophic benthic foraminiferal species Bulimina aculeata, Melonis barleeanum and Uvigerina peregrina increased during the late Holocene whereas well-oxygenated, low organic carbon benthic species Sphaeroidina bulloides as well as pteropods decreased, indicating an intense OMZ and an increased supply of refractory organic material to the Arabian Sea. It is important to note that although the surface response to monsoon variability was more or less similar in the western and northeastern Arabian Sea, the deep-sea conditions show a marked contrast in the two regions during the past 21 Kyr.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.12.027},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018211000022},
	author = {Gupta, Anil K. and Mohan, K. and Sarkar, Sudipta and Clemens, Steven C. and Ravindra, Rasik and Uttam, Rajesh K.}
}
@article {187,
	title = {Evidence of slumping/sliding in Krishna{\textendash}Godavari offshore basin due to gas/fluid movements},
	journal = {Occurrence and exploration of gas hydrate in the marginal seas and continental margin of the Asia, India and Oceania region Occurrence and exploration of gas hydrate in the marginal seas and continental margin of the Asia, India and Oceania region},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2163},
	pages = {1806-1816},
	abstract = {The Krishna{\textendash}Godavari (KG) offshore basin is one of the promising petroliferous basins of the eastern continental margin of India. Drilling in this basin proved the presence of gas hydrate deposits in the shallow marine sediments beyond 750 m water depths, and provided lithologic and stratigraphic information. We obtained multibeam swath bathymetry covering an area of about 4500 km2 in water depths of 280{\textendash}1800 m and about 1260 line km of high resolution seismic (HRS) records. The general lithology of midslope deposits is comprised of nannofossil-rich clay, nannofossil-bearing clay and foraminifera-bearing clay. The HRS records and bathymetry reveal evidence of slumping and sliding of the upper and midslope sediments, which result in mass transport deposits (MTD) in the northwestern part of the study area. These deposits exhibit 3{\textendash}9.5 km widths and extend 10{\textendash}13 km offshore. The boundaries of the MTDs are often demarcated by sharp truncation of finely layered sediments (FLS) and the MTDs are characterized by acoustically transparent zones in the HRS data. Average thickness of recent MTDs varies with depth, i.e., in the upper slope, the thickness is about 45 m, while in the lower slope it is about 60 m, and in deeper offshore locations they attain a maximum thickness of about 90 m. A direct indication for slumping and mass transportation of deposits is provided by the age reversal in 14C AMS dates observed in a sediment core located in the midslope region. Seismic profiling signatures provide indications of fluid/gas movement. We propose that the presence of steep topographic gradients, high sedimentation rates, a regional fault system, diapirism, fluid/gas movement, and neotectonic activity may have facilitated the slumping/sliding of the upper slope sediments in the KG offshore basin.},
	issn = {0264-8172},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.02.007},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264817211000729},
	author = {Ramprasad, T. and Dewangan, P. and Ramana, M. V. and Mazumdar, A. and Karisiddaiah, S. M. and Ramya, E. R. and Sriram, G.}
}
@article {183,
	title = {Holocene sea-level change and the emergence of Neolithic seafaring in the Fuzhou Basin (Fujian, China)},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2189},
	pages = {788-797},
	abstract = {Neolithic seafaring across the Taiwan Strait began approximately 5000 years ago and involved open-sea voyages over distances of at least 130 km. Rapid sea-level rise preceded the emergence of open-sea voyaging, but the possible role of environmental change as a stimulus for the development of seafaring is poorly understood. We investigate this problem by presenting a record of Holocene sea-level change and coastal transformation based on sediment cores obtained from the Fuzhou Basin on the coast of Fujian, China. The cores are located in direct proximity to archaeological sites of the Tanshishan Neolithic culture (5000{\textendash}4300 cal BP), which is significant for its similarity to the earliest Neolithic cultures of Taiwan. Multiple lines of evidence record the early Holocene inundation of the Fuzhou Basin around 9000 cal BP, the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand, and the final Holocene marine transgression. This final transition is precisely documented, with AMS dates showing the change occurred close to 1900 cal BP. Our paleogeographic reconstruction shows that a large estuary filled the Fuzhou Basin during the mid-Holocene. Tanshishan and Zhuangbianshan, two of the major Fuzhou Basin Neolithic sites, are located today on hills nearly 80 km from the modern coastline. However, when the sites were settled around 5500{\textendash}5000 cal BP, the marine transgression had transformed these hills into islands in the upper estuary. We suggest that the Neolithic era estuary setting, together with the lack of land suitable for rice paddy agriculture, inhibited intensive food production but favored a maritime orientation and the development of seafaring.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.01.015},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379111000308},
	author = {Rolett, Barry V. and Zheng, Zhuo and Yue, Yuanfu}
}
@article {218,
	title = {Micropaleontologic record of Quaternary paleoenvironments in the Central Albemarle Embayment, North Carolina, U.S.A},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {305},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2182},
	pages = {227-249},
	abstract = {To understand the temporal and spatial variation of eustatic sea-level fluctuations, glacio{\textendash}hydro{\textendash}isostacy, tectonics, subsidence, geologic environments and sedimentation patterns for the Quaternary of a passive continental margin, a nearly complete stratigraphic record that is fully integrated with a three dimensional chronostratigraphic framework, and paleoenvironmental information are necessary. The Albemarle Embayment, a Cenozoic regional depositional basin in eastern North Carolina located on the southeast Atlantic coast of the USA, is an ideal setting to unravel these dynamic, interrelated processes. Micropaleontological data, coupled with sedimentologic, chronostratigraphic and seismic data provide the bases for detailed interpretations of paleoenvironmental evolution and paleoclimates in the 90 m thick Quaternary record of the Albemarle Embayment. The data presented here come from a transect of cores drilled through a barrier island complex in the central Albemarle Embayment. This area sits in a ramp-like setting between late Pleistocene incised valleys. The data document the episodic infilling of the Albemarle Embayment throughout the Quaternary as a series of transgressive{\textendash}regressive (T{\textendash}R) cycles, characterized by inner shelf, midshelf, and shoreface assemblages, that overlie remnants of fluvial to estuarine valley-fill. Barrier island and marginal marine deposits have a low preservation potential. Inner to mid-shelf deposits of the early Pleistocene are overlain by similar middle Pleistocene shelf sediments in the south of the study area but entirely by inner shelf deposits in the north. Late Pleistocene marine sediments are of inner shelf origin and Holocene deposits are marginal marine in nature. Pleistocene marine sediments are incised, particularly in the northern half of the embayment by lowstand paleovalleys, partly filled by fluvial/floodplain deposits and in some cases, overlain by remnants of transgressive estuarine sediments. The shallowing through time of Quaternary sediments reflects the eastward progradational geometry of the continental shelf. The preservation potential of marginal marine deposits (barrier island, shoreface, backbarrier deposits) is not high, except in topographic lows associated with late Pleistocene paleovalleys and inlets because the current interglacial highstand has not yet reached its highest level. Given the documented increase in rate of relative sea-level rise in this region, shallow marine conditions are likely to return to the central Albemarle Embayment in the near future.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.004},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018211001143},
	author = {Culver, Stephen J. and Farrell, Kathleen M. and Mallinson, David J. and Willard, Debra A. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Riggs, Stanley R. and Thieler, E. Robert and Wehmiller, John F. and Parham, Peter and Snyder, Scott W. and Hillier, Caroline}
}
@article { ISI:000290199000003,
	title = {Multiple-source heterotrophy fueled by aged organic carbon in an urbanized estuary},
	journal = {MARINE CHEMISTRY},
	volume = {124},
	number = {{1-4}},
	year = {2011},
	month = {MAR 20},
	pages = {14-22},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The lower Hudson River is a highly urbanized estuary that receives large inputs of treated wastewater. To determine how organic matter from wastewater influences carbon cycling in this type of system, we measured chlorophyll a, pCO(2). dissolved organic carbon (DOC), delta(13)C-DOC, and Delta(14)C-DOC along the salinity gradient and at wastewater treatment plants. Isotopic mixing curves indicate a net removal of DOC that is (13)C enriched and (14)C depleted. The amount of DOC removed was consistent with CO(2) evasion from the estuary. During two transects at average to low flow, the lower Hudson River Estuary was a heterotrophic system with CO(2) evasion balanced by the utilization of aged DOC derived from wastewater and marine phytoplankton that enter the estuary at the seaward end-member. DOC removals were largest during a period of high river flow, when isotopic mixing curves also suggest large contributions from labile terrestrial OC sources. Overall, our results suggest that net heterotrophy in the lower Hudson River Estuary is fueled by aged labile DOC derived from a combination of sources, which are influenced by seasonal phytoplankton blooms, hydrological conditions, and the nature of wastewater inputs. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {(13)C, (14)C, Carbon cycle, Carbon dioxide, Chlorophyll, dissolved organic carbon, Heterotrophy, Hudson River Estuary, Isotope mixing curves, Sewage, USA, Wastewater},
	issn = {0304-4203},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marchem.2010.11.003},
	author = {Griffith, David R. and Raymond, Peter A.}
}
@article {181,
	title = {The Posidonia oceanica marine sedimentary record: A Holocene archive of heavy metal pollution},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {409},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2098},
	pages = {4831-4840},
	abstract = {The study of a Posidonia oceanica mat (a peat-like marine sediment) core has provided a record of changes in heavy metal abundances (Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, As and Al) since the Mid-Holocene (last 4470 yr) in Portlligat Bay (NW Mediterranean). Metal contents were determined in P. oceanica. Both, the concentration records and the results of principal components analysis showed that metal pollution in the studied bay started ca. 2800 yr BP and steadily increased until present. The increase in Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and As concentrations since ca. 2800 yr BP and in particular during Greek (ca. 2680{\textendash}2465 cal BP) and Roman (ca. 2150{\textendash}1740 cal BP) times shows an early anthropogenic pollution rise in the bay, which might be associated with large- and short-scale cultural and technological development. In the last ca. 1000 yr the concentrations of heavy metals, mainly derived from anthropogenic activities, have significantly increased (e.g. from ~ 15 to 47 μg g- 1 for Pb, ~ 23 to 95 μg g- 1 for Zn and ~ 8 to 228 μg g- 1 for As). Our study demonstrates for the first time the uniqueness of P. oceanica meadows as long-term archives of abundances, patterns, and trends of heavy metals during the Late Holocene in Mediterranean coastal ecosystems.},
	issn = {0048-9697},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.08.001},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969711008242},
	author = {Serrano, O. and Mateo, M. A. and Due{\~n}as-Boh{\'o}rquez, A. and Renom, P. and L{\'o}pez-S{\'a}ez, J. A. and Mart{\'\i}nez Cortizas, A.}
}
@article {210,
	title = {Rapid Holocene coastal change revealed by high-resolution micropaleontological analysis, Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2164},
	pages = {319-334},
	abstract = {Foraminiferal analyses of 404 contiguous samples, supported by diatom, lithologic, geochronologic and seismic data, reveal both rapid and gradual Holocene paleoenvironmental changes in an 8.21-m vibracore taken from southern Pamlico Sound, North Carolina. Data record initial flooding of a latest Pleistocene river drainage and the formation of an estuary 9000 yr ago. Estuarine conditions were punctuated by two intervals of marine influence from approximately 4100 to 3700 and 1150 to 500 cal yr BP. Foraminiferal assemblages in the muddy sand facies that accumulated during these intervals contain many well-preserved benthic foraminiferal species, which occur today in open marine settings as deep as the mid shelf, and significant numbers of well-preserved planktonic foraminifera, some typical of Gulf Stream waters. We postulate that these marine-influenced units resulted from temporary destruction of the southern Outer Banks barrier islands by hurricanes. The second increase in marine influence is coeval with increased rate of sea-level rise and a peak in Atlantic tropical cyclone activity during the Medieval Climate Anomaly. This high-resolution analysis demonstrates the range of environmental variability and the rapidity of coastal change that can result from the interplay of changing climate, sea level and geomorphology in an estuarine setting.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2011.06.012},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589411000883},
	author = {Grand Pre, Candace and Culver, Stephen J. and Mallinson, David J. and Farrell, Kathleen M. and Corbett, D. Reide and Horton, Benjamin P. and Hillier, Caroline and Riggs, Stanley R. and Snyder, Scott W. and Buzas, Martin A.}
}
@article {197,
	title = {Rapid radiocarbon ((14)C) analysis of coral and carbonate samples using a continuous-flow accelerator mass spectrometry (CFAMS) system},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 1915; PT: J; UT: WOS:000296649300001},
	pages = {PA4212-PA4212},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon analyses of carbonate materials provide critical information for understanding the last glacial cycle, recent climate history and paleoceanography. Methods that reduce the time and cost of radiocarbon ((14)C) analysis are highly desirable for large sample sets and reconnaissance type studies. We have developed a method for rapid radiocarbon analysis of carbonates using a novel continuous-flow accelerator mass spectrometry (CFAMS) system. We analyzed a suite of deep-sea coral samples and compared the results with those obtained using a conventional AMS system. Measurement uncertainty is},
	issn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/2011PA002174},
	author = {McIntyre, Cameron P. and Roberts, Mark L. and Burton, Joshua R. and McNichol, Ann P. and Burke, Andrea and Robinson, Laura F. and von Reden, Karl F. and W. J. Jenkins}
}
@article {2563,
	title = {Rates and Mechanisms of Mineral Carbonation in Peridotite: Natural Processes and Recipes for Enhanced, in situ CO <sub>2</sub>               Capture and Storage},
	journal = {Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Jun-05-2013},
	pages = {545 - 576},
	abstract = {Near-surface reaction of CO2-bearing fluids with silicate minerals in peridotite and basalt forms solid carbonate minerals. Such processes form abundant veins and travertine deposits, particularly in association with tectonically exposed mantle peridotite. This is important in the global carbon cycle, in weathering, and in understanding physical-chemical interaction during retrograde metamorphism. Enhancing the rate of such reactions is a proposed method for geologic CO2 storage, and perhaps for direct capture of CO2 from near-surface fluids. We review, synthesize, and extend inferences from a variety of sources. We include data from studies on natural peridotite carbonation processes, carbonation kinetics, feedback between permeability and volume change via reaction-driven cracking, and proposed methods for enhancing the rate of natural mineral carbonation via in situ processes ("at the outcrop") rather than ex situ processes ("at the smokestack"). 

},
	issn = {0084-6597},
	doi = {10.1146/annurev-earth-092010-152509},
	url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-earth-092010-152509},
	author = {Kelemen, Peter B. and Matter, Juerg and Streit, Elisabeth E. and Rudge, John F. and Curry, William B. and Blusztajn, Jerzy}
}
@inbook {1389,
	title = {Resilience and reorganization: Archaeology and the historical ecology of California Channel Island sea mammals},
	booktitle = {Human Impacts on Seals, Sea Lions, and Sea Otters},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2068},
	month = {2011},
	publisher = {University of California Press},
	organization = {University of California Press},
	isbn = {9780520267268},
	author = {Braje, Todd J. and Rick, Torben C. and DeLong, Robert L. and Erlandson, Jon M.},
	editor = {Rick, T. C.}
}
@article {2524,
	title = {Response of a marine-terminating Greenland outlet glacier to abrupt cooling 8200 and 9300 years ago},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Apr-12-2013},
	pages = {n/a - n/a},
	abstract = {Long-term records of Greenland outlet-glacier change extending beyond the satellite era can inform future predictions of Greenland Ice Sheet behavior. Of particular relevance is elucidating the Greenland Ice Sheet{\textquoteright}s response to decadal- and centennial-scale climate change. Here, we reconstruct the early Holocene history of Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, Greenland{\textquoteright}s largest outlet glacier, using 10Be surface exposure ages and 14C-dated lake sediments. Our chronology of ice-margin change demonstrates that Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae} advanced to deposit moraines in response to abrupt cooling recorded in central Greenland ice cores ca. 8,200 and 9,300 years ago. While the rapid, dynamically aided retreat of many Greenland outlet glaciers in response to warming is well documented, these results indicate that marine-terminating outlet glaciers are also able to respond quickly to cooling. We suggest that short lag times of high ice flux margins enable a greater magnitude response of marine-terminating outlets to abrupt climate change compared to their land-terminating counterparts.},
	doi = {10.1029/2011GL049639},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2011GL049639},
	author = {Young, {\'a}s E. and Briner, Jason P. and Axford, Yarrow and Csatho, Beata and Babonis, Greg S. and Rood, Dylan H. and Finkel, Robert C.}
}
@article {2525,
	title = {Response of Jakobshavn Isbrae, Greenland, to Holocene climate change},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Jan-02-2011},
	pages = {131 - 134},
	abstract = {Rapid fluctuations in the velocity of Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) outlet glaciers over the past decade have made it difficult to extrapolate ice-sheet change into the future. This significant short-term variability highlights the need for geologic records of preinstrumental GIS margin fluctuations in order to better predict future GIS response to climate change. Using 10Be surface exposure ages and radiocarbon-dated lake sediments, we constructed a detailed chronology of ice-margin fluctuations over the past 10 k.y. for Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae}, Greenland{\textquoteright}s largest outlet glacier. In addition, we present new estimates of corresponding local temperature changes using a continuous record of insect (Chironomidae) remains preserved in lake sediments. We find that following an early Holocene advance just prior to 8 ka, Jakobshavn Isbr{\ae} retreated rapidly at a rate of \~{}100 m yr-1, likely in response to increasing regional and local temperatures. Ice remained behind its present margin for \~{}7 k.y. during a warm period in the middle Holocene with sustained temperatures \~{}2 {\textdegree}C warmer than today, then the land-based margin advanced at least 2{\textendash}4 km between A.D. 1500{\textendash}1640 and A.D. 1850. The ice margin near Jakobshavn thus underwent large and rapid adjustments in response to relatively modest centennial-scale Holocene temperature changes, which may foreshadow GIS response to future warming.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G31399.1},
	url = {http://geology.gsapubs.org/cgi/doi/10.1130/G31399.1},
	author = {Young, N. E. and Briner, J. P. and Stewart, H. A. M. and Axford, Y. and Csatho, B. and Rood, D. H. and Finkel, R. C.}
}
@article {185,
	title = {Siliceous productivity changes in Gulf of Ancud sediments (42{\textdegree}S, 72{\textdegree}W), southern Chile, over the last \~{}150 years},
	journal = {Fjord Oceanography of the Chilean Patagonia},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2191},
	pages = {356-365},
	abstract = {We evaluated changes in siliceous export production and the source of organic matter preserved in sediment core MD07-3109H recovered from the Gulf of Ancud, Chilo{\'e} Inner Sea (42{\textdegree}S, 72{\textdegree}W, water column depth: 328 m), southern Chile. We analyzed the abundance of siliceous microfossils (diatoms, silicoflagellates, sponge spicules, Chrysophyte cysts, phytoliths), geochemical proxies (weight percent silicon \%SiOPAL, organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N molar), and sediment stable isotopes (δ13Corg, δ15N). Chronology based on 210Pb and 14C provided an accumulated age of 144 years at the base of the core. Sediments of core MD07-3109H are predominantly marine in origin, averaging δ13Corg={\textendash}20.75{\textperthousand}{\textpm}0.82, δ15N=8.7{\textpm}0.35{\textperthousand}, and C/N=8.76{\textpm}0.36. Marine diatoms compose 94\% of the total assemblage of siliceous microfossils. Our record of productivity based on the mass accumulation rates of organic carbon, total nitrogen, SiOPAL, and total diatoms showed high values between 1863 and 1869 AD followed by a declining trend until 1921 AD, a transition period from 1921 to 1959 AD with fluctuating values, and a clear decreasing pattern from 1960 AD to the present. This marked reduction in productivity was associated with decreased precipitation and Puelo River streamflow (41{\textdegree}S), as well as a warmer and more stratified water column, especially since the 1980s.},
	issn = {0278-4343},
	doi = {10.1016/j.csr.2010.06.015},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434310002177},
	author = {Rebolledo, Lorena and Gonz{\'a}lez, Humberto E. and Mu{\~n}oz, Praxedes and Iriarte, Jos{\'e} L. and Lange, Carina B. and Pantoja, Silvio and Salamanca, Marco}
}
@article {193,
	title = {Solar modulation of North Atlantic central Water formation at multidecadal timescales during the late Holocene},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {308},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2175},
	pages = {161-171},
	abstract = {Understanding natural climate variability in the North Atlantic region is essential not only to assess the sensitivity of atmosphere{\textendash}ocean climate signal exchange and propagation, but also to help distinguish between natural and anthropogenic climate change. The North Atlantic Oscillation is one of the controlling modes in recent variability of atmosphere{\textendash}ocean linkages and ice/freshwater fluxes between the Polar and North Atlantic Ocean. Through these processes the NAO influences water mass formation and the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning circulation and thereby variability in ocean heat transport. However, the impact of the NAO as well as other forcing mechanisms on multidecadal timescales such as total solar irradiance on Eastern North Atlantic Central Water production, central water circulation, and climate signal propagation from high to low latitudes in the eastern subpolar and subtropical basins remains uncertain. Here we use a 1200 yr long benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca based temperature and oxygen isotope record from a ~ 900 m deep sediment core off northwest Africa to show that atmosphere{\textendash}ocean interactions in the eastern subpolar gyre are transferred at central water depth into the eastern boundary of the subtropical gyre. Further we link the variability of the NAO (over the past 165 yrs) and solar irradiance (Late Holocene) and their control on subpolar mode water formation to the multidecadal variability observed at mid-depth in the eastern subtropical gyre. Our results show that eastern North Atlantic central waters cooled by up to ~ 0.8 {\textpm} 0.7 {\textdegree}C and densities decreased by σθ = 0.3 {\textpm} 0.2 during positive NAO years and during minima in solar irradiance during the Late Holocene. The presented records demonstrate the sensitivity of central water formation to enhanced atmospheric forcing and ice/freshwater fluxes into the eastern subpolar gyre and the importance of central water circulation for cross-gyre climate signal propagation during the Late Holocene.},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2011.05.043},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X11003268},
	author = {Morley, Audrey and Schulz, Michael and Rosenthal, Yair and Mulitza, Stefan and Paul, Andr{\'e} and R{\"u}hlemann, Carsten}
}
@article {184,
	title = {Stable isotope analysis of dog, fox, and human diets at a Late Holocene Chumash village (CA-SRI-2) on Santa Rosa Island, California},
	journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2180},
	pages = {1385-1393},
	abstract = {Stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analyses of dog (Canis familiaris), island fox (Urocyon littoralis), and human bone collagen from CA-SRI-2 (AD 130{\textendash}1830) on Santa Rosa Island, California provide a proxy of diet and the relationships between humans and these animals. Carbon isotopic signatures indicate that Native Americans and their dogs at CA-SRI-2 subsisted almost exclusively on marine resources, while the island fox ate primarily terrestrial foods. Nitrogen isotopes and archaeofaunal remains indicate that humans and dogs also ate higher trophic level foods, including finfishes, marine mammals, and seabirds with smaller amounts of shellfish. The CA-SRI-2 island foxes appear to have eaten higher amounts of terrestrial foods, similar to the diets observed in modern fox populations. These data generally confirm the commensal relationship assumed to exist between domesticated dogs and people, but the carbon isotopic composition of dogs is enriched \~{}2{\textperthousand} compared to humans. We hypothesize that the difference in carbon isotopes between dogs and humans may have resulted from a higher consumption of C3 plants with lower δ13C values by humans, or less likely from the ingestion by dogs of significant amounts of bone collagen, which is enriched by \~{}4{\textperthousand} over associated muscle.},
	issn = {0305-4403},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jas.2011.02.008},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440311000471},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Culleton, Brendan J. and Smith, Carley B. and Johnson, John R. and Kennett, Douglas J.}
}
@article { ISI:000297458300001,
	title = {Stratigraphic record of Holocene coseismic subsidence, Padang, West Sumatra},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2011},
	month = {NOV 23},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Stratigraphic evidence is found for two coseismic subsidence events that underlie a floodplain 20 km south of Padang, West Sumatra along the Mentawai segment (0.5 S- 0.3 S) of the Sunda subduction zone. Each earthquake is marked by a sharp soil-mud contact that represents a sudden change from mangrove to tidal flat. The earthquakes occurred about 4000 and 3000 cal years B.P. based on radiocarbon ages of detrital plant fragments and seeds. The absence of younger paleoseismic evidence suggests that late Holocene relative sea level fall left the floodplain too high for an earthquake to lower it into the intertidal zone. Our results point to a brief, few thousand year window of preservation of subsidence events in tidal-wetland stratigraphic sequences, a result that is generally applicable to other emergent coastlines of West Sumatra.},
	issn = {2169-9313},
	doi = {10.1029/2011JB008205},
	author = {Dura, Tina and Rubin, Charles M. and Kelsey, Harvey M. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Hawkes, Andrea and Vane, Christopher H. and Daryono, Mudrik and Pre, Candace Grand and Ladinsky, Tyler and Bradley, Sarah}
}
@article {186,
	title = {Timing and duration of North American glacial lake discharges and the Younger Dryas climate reversal},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2184},
	pages = {541-551},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon-dated sediment cores from the Champlain Valley (northeastern USA) contain stratigraphic and micropaleontologic evidence for multiple, high-magnitude, freshwater discharges from North American proglacial lakes to the North Atlantic. Of particular interest are two large, closely spaced outflows that entered the North Atlantic Ocean via the St. Lawrence estuary about 13,200{\textendash}12,900 cal yr BP, near the beginning of the Younger Dryas cold event. We estimate from varve chronology, sedimentation rates and proglacial lake volumes that the duration of the first outflow was less than 1 yr and its discharge was approximately 0.1 Sv (1 Sverdrup = 106 m3 s-1). The second outflow lasted about a century with a sustained discharge sufficient to keep the Champlain Sea relatively fresh for its duration. According to climate models, both outflows may have had sufficient discharge, duration and timing to affect meridional ocean circulation and climate. In this report we compare the proglacial lake discharge record in the Champlain and St. Lawrence valleys to paleoclimate records from Greenland Ice cores and Cariaco Basin and discuss the two-step nature of the inception of the Younger Dryas.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2011.02.004},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003358941100024X},
	author = {Rayburn, John A. and Cronin, Thomas M. and Franzi, David A. and Knuepfer, Peter L. K. and Willard, Debra A.}
}
@article {172,
	title = {U-series dating of co-seismic gypsum and submarine paleoseismology of active faults in Northern Chile (23{\textdegree}S)},
	journal = {Tectonophysics},
	volume = {497},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2147},
	pages = {34-44},
	abstract = {The convergence of the Nazca and South American plates along the subduction margin of the central Andes results in large subduction earthquakes and tectonic activity along major fault systems. Despite its relevance, the paleoseismic record of this region is scarce, hampering our understanding about the relationship between the Andes building and earthquake occurrence. In this study, we used the U-series disequilibrium method to obtain absolute ages of paleoearthquake events associated with normal displacements along the active Mejillones and Salar del Carmen faults in the Coastal Range of the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. The 230Th{\textendash}234U disequilibrium ages in co-seismic gypsum salts sampled along the fault traces together with marine evidences indicate that earthquakes occurred at ca. 29.7 {\textpm} 1.7 ka, 11 {\textpm} 4 ka and 2.4 {\textpm} 0.8 ka. When coupled with paleoseismic marine and radiocarbon (14C) records in the nearby Mejillones Bay evidencing large dislocations along the Mejillones Fault, the geochronological dataset presented here is consistent with the notion that gypsum salts formed during large earthquakes as a result of co-seismic dilatancy pumping of saline waters along the major faults. Based on maximum observed cumulative vertical offsets in the studied faults, this phenomena could have occurred episodically at a rate in the order of 1:40 to 1:50 with respect to the very large subduction earthquakes during the latest Pleistocene{\textendash}Holocene period. The results presented here reveal that the U-series disequilibrium method can be successfully applied to date the gypsum salts deposited along faults during seismic events, and therefore directly constrain the age of large paleoearthquakes in hyperarid and seismically active zones.},
	issn = {0040-1951},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tecto.2010.10.017},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195110004506},
	author = {Vargas, Gabriel and Palacios, Carlos and Reich, Martin and Luo, Shangde and Shen, Chuan-Chou and Gonz{\'a}lez, Gabriel and Wu, Yi-Chen}
}
@article {1829,
	title = {Age and Growth Rate Dynamics of an Old African Baobab Determined by Radiocarbon Dating},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Sp. Iss. 1696jn
Times Cited:2
Cited References Count:21
},
	month = {2010},
	pages = {727-734},
	abstract = {In 2008, a large African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) from Makulu Makete, South Africa, split vertically into 2 sections, revealing a large enclosed cavity. Several wood samples collected from the cavity were processed and radiocarbon dated by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for determining the age and growth rate dynamics of the tree. The C-14 date of the oldest sample was found to be of 1016 +/- 22 BP, which corresponds to a calibrated age of 1000 +/- 15 yr. Thus, the Makulu Makete tree, which eventually collapsed to the ground and died, becomes the second oldest African baobab dated accurately to at least 1000 yr. The conventional growth rate of the trunk, estimated by the radial increase, declined gradually over its life cycle. However, the growth rate expressed more adequately by the cross-sectional area increase and by the volume increase accelerated up to the age of 650 yr and remained almost constant over the past 450 yr.},
	keywords = {cal kyr bp, Calibration, southern-hemisphere},
	isbn = {0033-8222},
	author = {Patrut, A. and Mayne, D. H. and von Reden, K. F. and Lowy, D. A. and Venter, S. and McNichol, A. P. and Roberts, M. L. and Margineanu, D.}
}
@article {443,
	title = {Aminostratigraphy of surface and subsurface Quaternary sediments, North Carolina coastal plain, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary Geochronology},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2010},
	note = {639btTimes Cited:19Cited References Count:82},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {459-492},
	abstract = {The Quaternary stratigraphy and geochronology of the Albemarle Embayment of the North Carolina (NC) Coastal Plain is examined using amino acid racemization (AAR) in marine mollusks, in combination with geophysical, lithologic, and biostratigraphic analysis of 28 rotasonic cores drilled between 2002 and 2006. The Albemarle Embayment is bounded by structural highs to the north and south, and Quaternary strata thin westward toward the Suffolk paleoshoreline, frequently referred to as the Suffolk Scarp. The Quaternary section is up to similar to 90 m thick, consists of a variety of estuarine, shelf, back-barrier, and lagoonal deposits, and has been influenced by multiple sea-level cycles. The temporal resolution of the amino acid racemization method is tested statistically and with the stratigraphic control provided by this geologic framework, and it is then applied to the correlation and age estimation of subsurface units throughout the region. Over 500 specimens (primarily Mercenaria and Mulinia) from the subsurface section have been analyzed using either gas chromatographic (GC) or reverse-phase liquid chromatographic (RPLC) techniques. The subsurface stratigraphic data are compared with AAR results from numerous natural or excavated exposures from the surrounding region, as well as results from NC beach collections, to develop a comprehensive aminostratigraphic database for the entire Quaternary record within the NC coastal system. Age mixing, recognized in the beach collections, is also seen in subsurface sections, usually where major seismic reflections or core lithology indicate the presence of stratigraphic discontinuities. Kinetic models for racemization are tested within the regional stratigraphic framework, using either radiocarbon or U-series calibrations or comparison with regional biostratigraphy. Three major Pleistocene aminozones [AZ2, AZ3, and AZ4] are found throughout the region, all being found in superposition in several cores. Each can be subdivided, yielding a total of at least eight stratigraphically and statistically distinct aminozones. Kinetic modeling, supplemented with local calibration, indicates that these aminozones represent depositional events ranging from similar to 80 ka to nearly 2 Ma. Three prominent seismic reflections are interpreted to represent the base of the early, middle, and late Pleistocene, respectively, roughly 2 Ma, 800 ka, and 130 ka. The large number of samples and the available stratigraphic control provide new insights into the capabilities and limitations of aminostratigraphic methods in assessing relative and numerical ages of Atlantic Coastal Plain Quaternary deposits. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1871-1014},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quageo.2009.10.005},
	author = {Wehmiller, J. F. and Thieler, E. R. and Miller, D. and Pellerito, V. and Keeney, V. B. and Riggs, S. R. and Culver, S. and Mallinson, D. and Farrell, K. M. and York, L. L. and Pierson, J. and Parham, P. R.}
}
@article {238,
	title = {Asphalt volcanoes as a potential source of methane to late Pleistocene coastal waters},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1866; Sp. Iss. SI 589XW Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:28; YY},
	pages = {345-348},
	abstract = {Every year, natural petroleum seepage emits 0.2-2 Tg of oil to the ocean(1). Significant oil seepage can build large underwater mounds, consisting of tar deposits with morphologies similar to volcanic lava flows, known as asphalt volcanoes(2,3). Such events are typically accompanied by large fluxes of the greenhouse gas methane(4,5). Marine sediments from the Santa Barbara basin, California, contain a record of elevated methane concentrations(6), anoxia and tar deposition(7) during the Pleistocene epoch that had been attributed to dissolution of methane hydrates. However, the region is known to have exhibited oil seepage in the past(7). Here, we document the discovery of seven extinct asphalt volcanoes off the coast of southern California. The morphology of the deposits and geochemistry of samples taken from the two largest structures supports their classification as asphalt volcanoes, derived from a common source. We estimate that the two structures resulted from seepage of 0.07-0.4 Tg of oil, accompanied by the emission of 0.35-1.8 Tg of methane. Radiocarbon dating of carbonate deposits entrained with the asphalt indicates formation of the volcanoes between 44 and 31 kyr ago. The timing and volume of erupted hydrocarbons from the asphalt structures can explain some or all of the documented methane release and tar accumulation in the Santa Barbara basin during the Pleistocene.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/Ngeo848},
	author = {Valentine, D. L. and Reddy, C. M. and Farwell, C. and Hill, T. M. and Pizarro, O. and Yoerger, D. R. and Camilli, R. and Nelson, R. K. and Peacock, E. E. and Bagby, S. C. and Clarke, B. A. and Roman, C. N. and Soloway, M.}
}
@conference {1587,
	title = {A Champlain Sea phocid seal fossil from the Champlain Lowland at Plattsburgh, New York},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 2214; Source type: conferencepapers\&proceedings; Object type: Article; Object type: Conference Paper; Copyright: GeoRef, Copyright 2010, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States; CSAUnique: 2010-092590; AccNum: 2010-092590; ISSN: 0016-7592; CODEN: GAAPBC},
	month = {2010},
	pages = {68},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO, United States (USA)},
	organization = {Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO, United States (USA)},
	address = {United States (USA)},
	abstract = {A SUNY Plattsburgh environmental geotechnology class uncovered several bones, most likely from a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), from exposures of Champlain Sea mud at the former Plattsburgh Air Force Base marina. The glacial section at the site contains a complete record of late Wisconsinan deglaciation in the Champlain lowland. A 1.5 to 2.0 meter thick section of fresh water ostracode (Candona subtriangulata) bearing, thinly laminated proglacial lacustrine rhythmites overlie massive gray diamicton near the base of the section. The lacustrine rhythmites contain a 0.0 to 0.2 meter thick layer of medium sand that may record one or more breakout floods from the Ontario and St. Lawrence lowlands. The lacustrine rhythmites grade upward to thinly laminated transitional rhythmites that contain marine and fresh water microfaunal assemblages. Approximately 1.5 to 2.0 meters of thinly laminated to massive, fossiliferous marine mud overlies the transitional facies, which in turn grades upward to an approximately 7-meter thick section of horizontally bedded silt and sand. The seal bones came from massive marine mud just below the transition to silt and sand. The accidental fossil find occurred as the class collected mud samples for a slope stability analysis of the bluffs along the present shoreline of Lake Champlain. The collection consists of the tibia and fibula from both legs, four vertebrae, four ribs, an astragalus, a tarsal bone, a phalange, a molar and half of the mandible with a canine tooth attached. Collagen extracted from a piece of fibula has been sent to the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS) for radiocarbon dating. The find represents the second phocid fossil recovered from the Champlain lowland. The left tibial shaft from another harbor seal, originally misidentified as a hooded seal (Cystophora cristata), was found in Plattsburgh in 1901. Harbor seals on the east coast of North America presently range from the mid-Atlantic region to the Canadian Arctic.},
	keywords = {11, 24, bones, Carnivora, Cenozoic, Champlain Lowland, Champlain Sea, Chordata, Clinton County New York, Eutheria, lacustrine environment, Lake Champlain, lake sediments, Mammalia, New York, North America, Phoca, Phocidae, Pinnipedia, planar bedding structures, Plattsburgh New York, Pleistocene, Quaternary, Quaternary geology, rhythmite, sedimentary structures, sediments, taphonomy, Tetrapoda, Theria, United States, upper Pleistocene, upper Wisconsinan, Vertebrata, Vertebrate paleontology, Wisconsinan},
	author = {Franzi, David A. and Feranec, Robert and Rayburn, John A.}
}
@article {459,
	title = {Comparative AMS radiocarbon dating of pretreated versus non-pretreated tropical wood samples},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments \& Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {268},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 2083; PT: J; CT: 11th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry; CY: SEP 14-19, 2008; CL: Rome, ITALY; SP: Univ Salento, CEDAD, Second Univ Naples, CIRCE, INNOVA, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, LABEC, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys; UT: WOS:000277462300058},
	pages = {910-913},
	abstract = {Several wood samples collected from Dorslandboom, a large iconic African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) from Namibia, were investigated by AMS radiocarbon dating subsequent to pretreatment and, alternatively, without pretreatment. The comparative statistical evaluation of results showed that there were no significant differences between fraction modern values and radiocarbon dates of the samples analyzed after pretreatment and without pretreatment, respectively. The radiocarbon date of the oldest sample was 993 +/- 20 BP. Dating results also revealed that Dorslandboom is a multi-generation tree, with several stems showing different ages. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2009.10.062},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and von Reden, Karl F. and Lowy, Daniel A. and Mayne, Diana H. and Elder, Kathryn E. and Roberts, Mark L. and McNichol, Ann P.}
}
@article {1831,
	title = {A Continuous-Flow Gas Chromatography C-14 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry System},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Sp. Iss. 1696jn
Times Cited:4
Cited References Count:24
},
	month = {2010},
	pages = {295-300},
	abstract = {Gas-accepting ion sources for radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) have permitted the direct analysis of CO2 gas, eliminating the need to graphitize samples. As a result, a variety of analytical instruments can be interfaced to an AMS system, processing time is decreased, and smaller samples can be analyzed (albeit with lower precision). We have coupled a gas chromatograph to a compact C-14 AMS system fitted with a microwave ion source for real-time compound-specific C-14 analysis. As an initial test of the system, we have analyzed a sample of fatty acid methyl esters and biodiesel. Peak shape and memory was better then existing systems fitted with a hybrid ion source while precision was comparable. C-14/C-12 ratios of individual components at natural abundance levels were consistent with those determined by conventional methods. Continuing refinements to the ion source are expected to improve the performance and scope of the instrument.},
	keywords = {ams system, gc-ams, negative-ion source, RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS},
	isbn = {0033-8222},
	author = {McIntyre, C. P. and Galutschek, E. and Roberts, M. L. and von Reden, K. F. and McNichol, A. P. and Jenkins, W. J.}
}
@article {1833,
	title = {Controls on the age of terrigenous organic matter in Black Sea sediments},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 885},
	month = {2010},
	author = {Kusch, Stephanie and Rethemeyer, Janet and Schefu{\ss}, Enno and Mollenhauer, Gesine}
}
@article {243,
	title = {Coordinated hydrological regimes in the Indo-Pacific region during the past two millennia},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 795; 565UW Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:42Y},
	abstract = {Instrumental data suggest that major shifts in tropical Pacific atmospheric dynamics and hydrology have occurred within the past century, potentially in response to anthropogenic warming. To better understand these trends, we use the hydrogen isotopic ratios of terrestrial higher plant leaf waxes ( delta D-wax) in marine sediments from southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia, to compile a detailed reconstruction of central Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) hydrologic variability spanning most of the last two millennia. Our paleodata are highly correlated with a monsoon reconstruction from Southeast Asia, indicating that intervals of strong East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) activity are associated with a weaker Indonesian monsoon (IM). Furthermore, the centennial-scale oscillations in our data follow known changes in Northern Hemisphere climate ( e. g., the Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period) implying a dynamic link between Northern Hemisphere temperatures and IPWP hydrology. The inverse relationship between the EASM and IM suggests that migrations of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and associated changes in monsoon strength caused synoptic hydrologic shifts in the IPWP throughout most of the past two millennia.},
	issn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/2009pa001871},
	author = {Tierney, J. E. and Oppo, D. W. and Rosenthal, Y. and Russell, J. M. and Linsley, B. K.}
}
@article {1830,
	title = {Fire History of a Giant African Baobab Evinced by Radiocarbon Dating},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Sp. Iss. 1696jn
Times Cited:11
Cited References Count:28
},
	month = {2010},
	pages = {717-726},
	abstract = {The article reports the first radiocarbon dating of a live African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.), by investigating wood samples collected from 2 inner cavities of the very large 2-stemmed Platland tree of South Africa. Some 16 segments extracted from determined positions of the samples, which correspond to a depth of up to 15-20 cm in the wood, were processed and analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Calibrated ages of segments are not correlated with their positions in the stems of the tree. Dating results indicate that the segments originate from new growth layers, with a thickness of several centimeters, which cover the original old wood. Four new growth layers were dated before the reference year AD 1950 and 2 layers were dated post-AD 1950, in the post-bomb period. Formation of these layers was triggered by major damage inside the cavities. Fire episodes are the only possible explanation for such successive major wounds over large areas or over the entire area of the inner cavities of the Platland tree, able to trigger regrowth.},
	keywords = {age calibration, bomb c-14 data, bombacaceae, cal kyr bp, southern-hemisphere, system},
	isbn = {0033-8222},
	author = {Patrut, A. and Mayne, D. H. and von Reden, K. F. and Lowy, D. A. and van Pelt, R. and McNichol, A. P. and Roberts, M. L. and Margineanu, D.}
}
@article {380,
	title = {Growth rates, stable oxygen isotopes (delta(18)O), and strontium (Sr/Ca) composition in two species of Pacific sclerosponges (Acanthocheatetes wellsi and Astrosclera willeyana) with delta(18)O calibration and application to paleoceanography},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans},
	volume = {115},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1962; PT: J; UT: WOS:000278735700001},
	pages = {C06008-C06008},
	abstract = {The isotopic and elemental composition of sclerosponge skeletons is used to reconstruct paleoceanographic records. Yet few studies have systematically examined the natural variability in sclerosponge skeletal delta(18)O, growth, and Sr/Ca, and how that may influence the interpretation of sclerosponge proxy records. Here, we analyzed short records in seven specimens of Acanthocheatetes wellsi (high-Mg calcite, 21 mol\% Mg) from Palau, four A. wellsi (high-Mg calcite, 21 mol\% Mg) from Saipan, and three Astrosclera willeyana (aragonite) sclerosponges from Saipan, as well as one long record in an A. wellsi specimen from Palau spanning 1945-2001.5. In Saipan, species-specific and mineralogical effects appear to have a negligible effect on sclerosponge delta(18)O, facilitating the direct comparison of delta(18)O records between species at a given location. At both sites, A. wellsi delta(18)O and growth rates were sensitive to environmental conditions, but Sr/Ca was not sensitive to the same conditions. High-resolution delta(18)O analyses confirmed this finding as both A. wellsi and A. willeyana deposited their skeleton in accordance with the trends in isotopic equilibrium with seawater, though with a 0.27\% offset in the case of A. willeyana. In the high-Mg-calcite species A. wellsi, Mg may be interfering with Sr incorporation into the skeleton. On multidecadal timescales, A. wellsi sclerosponge delta(18)O in Palau tracked the Southern Oscillation Index variability post-1977, but not pre-1977, coincident with the switch in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) at similar to 1976. This suggests that water mass circulation in the region is influenced by El Nino-Southern Oscillation variability during positive PDO phases, but not during negative ones.},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2009JC005586},
	author = {Grottoli, Andrea G. and Adkins, Jess F. and Panero, Wendy R. and Reaman, Daniel M. and Moots, Kate}
}
@article {246,
	title = {A High-Performance (14)c Accelerator Mass Spectrometry System},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 2095; PT: J; CT: 20th International Radiocarbon Conference; CY: MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009; CL: Big Isl, HI; SI: 1; UT: WOS:000285437800005},
	pages = {228-235},
	abstract = {A new and unique radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facility has been constructed at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The defining characteristic of the new system is its large-gap optical elements that provide a larger-than-standard beam acceptance. Such a system is ideally suited for high-throughput, high-precision measurements of (14)C. Details and performance of the new system are presented.},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.2458/azu_js_rc.52.3657},
	author = {Roberts, M. L. and Burton, J. R. and Elder, K. L. and Longworth, B. E. and McIntyre, C. P. and von Reden, K. F. and Han, B. X. and Rosenheim, B. E. and W. J. Jenkins and Galutschek, E. and McNichol, A. P.}
}
@article {232,
	title = {Holocene changes in Proboscia diatom productivity in shelf waters of the north-western Antarctic Peninsula},
	journal = {Antarctic Science},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 789; 559YJ Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:51Y},
	pages = {3-10},
	abstract = {Diatoms are important primary producers in present day Antarctic waters but their relative significance in the past is less clear. In this Study We used long-chain diols to reconstruct Proboscia diatom productivity in shelf waters of the western Antarctic Peninsula over the last 8500 yr. Biomarker lipid analysis revealed the presence of a suite of long-chain diols in the sediments, mainly comprising the C-28 and C-30 1,14-diol isomers derived from Proboscia diatoms and C-28 and C-30 1,13-diols derived from other unknown algae. The relative importance of Proboscia diatoms was assessed using the relative abundances of 1, 14-diols versus 1, 13-diols, which showed that Proboscia diatoms were relatively more abundant during the Late Holocene, suggesting that stronger upwelling of circumpolar waters Occurred at that time. The variations in the diol index strongly correlate with melt events in the Siple Dome ice core, Suggesting that the climatic processes responsible for changes in mean summer temperature, open marine influence and atmospheric cyclonic activity recorded at Siple Dome, also controlled the productivity of Proboscia diatoms on the western Antarctic Peninsula region.},
	issn = {0954-1020},
	doi = {10.1017/S095410200999037x},
	author = {Willmott, V. and Rampen, S. W. and Domack, E. and Canals, M. and Damste, J. S. S. and Schouten, S.}
}
@article {427,
	title = {Holocene earthquake record offshore Portugal (SW Iberia): testing turbidite paleoseismology in a slow-convergence margin},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1959; PT: J; UT: WOS:000277813300008},
	pages = {1156-1172},
	abstract = {The SW margin of the Iberian Peninsula hosts the present-day boundary between the Eurasian and African Plates. Convergence (4-5 mm/yr) is accommodated through a wide deformation zone characterized by moderate magnitude seismic activity. This zone has also been the source of the most important seismic events in Western Europe, such as the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake and Tsunami and 1969 Horseshoe Earthquake. Despite efforts to identify active seismogenic structures in the Gulf of Cadiz in the last ten years, little is known about its paleoseismic history. The turbidite paleoseismology approach was applied for the first time in a low-rate convergent margin to determine the recurrence interval of large earthquake events that occurred in SW Iberia during the Holocene. Four sediment cores collected at strategically located sites offshore Portugal (i.e. Tagus Abyssal Plain, Infante Don Henrique Basin and Horseshoe Abyssal Plain) reveal that these deep-sea basins preserve a record of episodic deposition of turbidites. In the SW Iberian Margin excluding special climatic events, earthquakes are the most likely triggering mechanism for synchronous, widely-spaced distributed turbidites during the Holocene, when the sea level was relatively stable. Age correlation together with textural, mineralogical, physical properties and geochemical signatures of the new cores complemented by pre-existing multicores and gravity cores reveals a total of 7 widespread turbidite events for the Holocene. Precise dating of the most recent turbidite event (E1) based on (210)Pb and (137)Cs geochronology provides an age of AD 1971 +/- 3. This age corresponds to a high-magnitude instrumental earthquake in the region: the 1969 Horseshoe Earthquake (Mw 8.0). Calibrated (14)C ages of subsequent widespread turbidite events (E3 and E5) correlate with the dates of important historical earthquakes and paleotsunami deposits in the Gulf of Cadiz area, such as AD 1755 and 218 BC, respectively. If older synchronous events (E6, E8, and E10) with ages ranging from 4960-5510 yr BP to 8715-9015 yr BP are also taken into account, a great earthquake recurrence interval of about 1800 years is obtained for the Holocene. Our correlations suggest that the turbidite record may be considered as a proxy for paleoseismic activity in low-convergence rate margins, and a valuable complementary tool in earthquake and tsunami hazard assessment along the coasts of the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.01.010},
	author = {Gracia, Eulalia and Vizcaino, Alexis and Escutia, Carlota and Asioli, Alessandra and Rodes, Angel and Pallas, Raimon and Garcia-Orellana, Jordi and Lebreiro, Susana and Goldfinger, Chris}
}
@article { ISI:000281467500020,
	title = {Holocene evolution of the Indonesian throughflow and the western Pacific warm pool},
	journal = {NATURE GEOSCIENCE},
	volume = {3},
	number = {{8}},
	year = {2010},
	month = {AUG},
	pages = {578-583},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {High sea surface temperatures in the western Pacific warm pool fuel atmospheric convection and influence tropical climate. This region also hosts the Indonesian throughflow, the network of currents through which surface and thermocline waters are transported from the western equatorial Pacific Ocean into the Indian Ocean. Here we show, using records of the delta O-18 and Mg/Ca of planktonic foraminifera from eight sediment cores, that from about 10,000 to 7,000 years ago, sea surface temperatures in the western sector of the western Pacific warm pool were about 0.5 degrees C higher than during pre-industrial times. We also find that about 9,500 years ago, when the South China and Indonesian seas were connected by rising sea level, surface waters in the Makassar Strait became relatively fresher. We suggest that the permanent reduction of surface salinity initiated the enhanced flow at lower, thermocline depths seen in the modern Indonesian throughflow. However, the uniformly warm sea surface temperatures found upstream and downstream of the Indonesian throughflow indicate that the early Holocene warmth in this region was not directly related to reduced heat transport by the throughflow that may have resulted from surface freshening of the Makassar Strait. Instead, we propose that the elevated temperatures were the result of a westward shift or expansion of the boundaries of the western Pacific warm pool.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/ngeo920},
	author = {Linsley, Braddock K. and Rosenthal, Yair and Oppo, Delia W.}
}
@article {244,
	title = {Late-twentieth-century warming in Lake Tanganyika unprecedented since AD 500},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 2043; PT: J; UT: WOS:000278134100019},
	pages = {422-425},
	abstract = {Instrumental observations suggest that Lake Tanganyika, the largest rift lake in East Africa, has become warmer, increasingly stratified and less productive over the past 90 years (refs 1,2). These trends have been attributed to anthropogenic climate change. However, it remains unclear whether the decrease in productivity is linked to the temperature rise(3,4), and whether the twentieth-century trends are anomalous within the context of longer-term variability. Here, we use the TEX(86) temperature proxy, the weight per cent of biogenic silica and charcoal abundance from Lake Tanganyika sediment cores to reconstruct lake-surface temperature, productivity and regional wildfire frequency, respectively, for the past 1,500 years. We detect a negative correlation between lake-surface temperature and primary productivity, and our estimates of fire frequency, and hence humidity, preclude decreased nutrient input through runoff as a cause for observed periods of low productivity. We suggest that, throughout the past 1,500 years, rising lake-surface temperatures increased the stratification of the lake water column, preventing nutrient recharge from below and limiting primary productivity. Our records indicate that changes in the temperature of Lake Tanganyika in the past few decades exceed previous natural variability. We conclude that these unprecedented temperatures and a corresponding decrease in productivity can be attributed to anthropogenic global warming, with potentially important implications for the Lake Tanganyika fishery.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/NGEO865},
	author = {Tierney, Jessica E. and Mayes, Marc T. and Meyer, Natacha and Johnson, Christopher and Swarzenski, Peter W. and Cohen, Andrew S. and Russell, James M.}
}
@article {447,
	title = {Long-term stability in the production of a NW Mediterranean Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile meadow},
	journal = {Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology},
	volume = {291},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1911; 611AI Times Cited:3 Cited References Count:116Y},
	pages = {286-296},
	abstract = {Long-term changes in leaf net production of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica (L) Defile. and in the irradiance arriving at the meadow canopy, were investigated in a NW Mediterranean meadow using a palaeoecological approach. We conducted in situ shade experiments to find the relationships between the carbon stable isotope ratio (delta(13)C) of plant tissues, leaf net production, and ambient irradiance. The relationships were highly significant and fitted the Michaelis-Menten equation and power functions. These functions were used to reconstruct light and net production using the delta(13)C of P. oceanica detritus as a palaeoecological proxy along a 150 cm core of P. oceanica matte (a peat-like deposit formed by this endemic seagrass species). The delta(13)C values of sheath detritus along the core (i.e.. the net leaf production) showed a weak but significant decrease towards the present time (R = 0.308: P = 0.02) probably as a result of (1) an increase in DIC availability, and/or (2) a progressive change in the carbon isotopic signature of DIC, both of which are consistent with a rise in anthropogenic atmospheric CO(2). The canopy irradiance, reconstructed for the last 1200 years, showed a mean value of 128 mu E m(-2) s(-1) with a range of 12.5-280 mu E m(-2) s(-1). The reconstruction of the net leaf production for the same period yielded a mean value of 2.5 mg dw day(-1) shoot(-1) with a range of 2.0-2.7 mg dw day(-1) shoot(-1). Both ranges are within the values reported in the literature for present day studies. The absence of significant fluctuations or sudden changes through time suggests remarkable ecosystem stability during the last millennium. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Palaeo.2010.03.001},
	author = {Mateo, M. A. and Renom, P. and Michener, R. H.}
}
@article {289,
	title = {Millennial-aged organic carbon subsidies to a modern river food web},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 2032; PT: J; UT: WOS:000280153500022},
	pages = {2385-2393},
	abstract = {Recent studies indicate that highly aged material is a major component of organic matter transported by most rivers. However, few studies have used natural (14)C to trace the potential entry of this aged material into modern river food webs. Here we use natural abundance (14)C, (13)C, and deuterium ((2)H) to trace the contribution of aged and contemporary organic matter to an important group of consumers, crustacean zooplankton, in a large temperate river (the Hudson River, New York, USA). Zooplankton were highly (14)C depleted (mean Delta(14)C = -240 parts per thousand) compared to modern primary production in the river or its watershed (Delta(14)C = -60 parts per thousand to +50 parts per thousand). In order to account for the observed (14)C depletion, zooplankton must be subsidized by highly aged particulate organic carbon. IsoSource modeling suggests that the range of the aged dietary subsidy is between similar to 57\%, if the aged organic matter source was produced 3400 years ago, and similar to 21\%, if the organic carbon used is >= 50 000 years in age, including fossil material that is millions of years in age. The magnitude of this aged carbon subsidy to river zooplankton suggests that modern river food webs may in some cases be buffered from the limitations set by present-day primary production.},
	issn = {0012-9658},
	doi = {10.1890/09-0330.1},
	author = {Caraco, Nina and Bauer, James E. and Cole, Jonathan J. and Petsch, Steven and Raymond, Peter}
}
@article {250,
	title = {Molecular and Isotopic Analysis of Motor Oil from a Biodiesel-Driven Vehicle},
	journal = {Energy \& Fuels},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 816; 555MH Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:63; YY},
	pages = {1037-1042},
	abstract = {Biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), is increasingly recognized as a renewable fuel. While some environmental impacts of biodiesel usage have been investigated, accumulation of organic compounds in motor oil, which can subsequently leak onto roads, has not been studied. Because studies have shown that toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) accumulate in the motor oil of engines fueled with fossil diesel or gasoline, the objective of this study was to determine if this also occurs for engines fueled with biodiesel. Here, we sampled and analyzed motor oil of a biodiesel-powerd 2005 Volkswagen Passat Wagon over 3240 km for personal-use driving. Using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), we found a total of 0.5\% FAMEs in the motor oil after 3240 km. We also used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and did not detect PAHs or other organic compounds not present in the initial motor oil. Using natural radiocarbon analysis, a powerful technique capable of detecting biodiesel-derived carbon that would be otherwise undetectable by gas chromatography, we found a total of 0.68\% biodiesel-derived carbon after 3240 km. This is similar to the amount of FAMEs found in these samples with GC-FID, indicating that the primary source of biodiesel-derived carbon in the motor oil is FAMEs (and not PAHs or other carbonaceous species). This result suggests that used motor oil of biodiesel vehicles can be less toxic based on PAH content than vehicles fueled with fossil diesel or gasoline.},
	issn = {0887-0624},
	doi = {10.1021/Ef9011388},
	author = {Peacock, E. E. and Arey, J. S. and DeMello, J. A. and McNichol, A. P. and Nelson, R. K. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {242,
	title = {A molecular perspective on Late Quaternary climate and vegetation change in the Lake Tanganyika basin, East Africa},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1850; 574XV Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:111Y},
	pages = {787-800},
	abstract = {Characterizing the nature of past hydrological change and its interactions with vegetation is fundamental to acquiring a better understanding of continental tropical climate dynamics. Here, we outline major shifts in the climate and ecosystem of tropical East Africa for the past 60,000 years (60 ka) by examining molecular records of hydrology, vegetation, and temperature from a sediment sequence from Lake Tanganyika. We demonstrate, via comparison with pollen spectra, that stable carbon isotopes measured on higher plant leaf waxes (delta C-13(wax)) are a reliable proxy for vegetation change. In addition we argue that the D/H ratio of higher plant leaf waxes (delta D-wax) is a robust and independent indicator of past changes in aridity, and is not affected by regional vegetation change directly. Our paired, compound-specific isotope data show that shifts in vegetation lead major changes in hydrology in the Tanganyika basin at several major climate transitions during the past 60,000 years, suggesting that vegetation in the Tanganyika basin is not as sensitive to aridity as previous studies have suggested and that variations in carbon dioxide, temperature, and internal ecosystem dynamics are equally, if not more, important. We hypothesize that regional vegetation change may exert a positive feedback on regional hydrology, thus partially accounting for the abrupt threshold behavior evident in our paleohydrological data. Furthermore, we find that past changes in Tanganyika basin climate and ecology are closely linked to concentrations of atmospheric trace gases, highlighting the paramount influence of global climatic shifts upon regional tropical climate over glacial/interglacial timescales. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.030},
	author = {Tierney, J. E. and Russell, J. M. and Huang, Y. S.}
}
@article {353,
	title = {Rapid Climatic Signal Propagation from Source to Sink in a Southern California Sediment-Routing System},
	journal = {Journal of Geology},
	volume = {118},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 875; 574IR Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:55Y},
	pages = {247-259},
	abstract = {Terrestrial source areas are linked to deep-sea basins by sediment-routing systems, which only recently have been studied with a holistic approach focused on terrestrial and submarine components and their interactions. Here we compare an extensive piston-core and radiocarbon-age data set from offshore southern California to contemporaneous Holocene climate proxies in order to test the hypothesis that climatic signals are rapidly propagated from source to sink in a spatially restricted sediment-routing system that includes the Santa Ana River drainage basin and the Newport deep-sea depositional system. Sediment cores demonstrate that variability in rates of Holocene deep-sea turbidite deposition is related to complex ocean-atmosphere interactions, including enhanced magnitude and frequency of the North American monsoon and El Nino-Southern Oscillation cycles, which increased precipitation and fluvial discharge in southern California. This relationship is evident because, unlike many sediment-routing systems, the Newport submarine canyon-and-channel system was consistently linked to the Santa Ana River, which maintained sediment delivery even during Holocene marine transgression and highstand. Results of this study demonstrate the efficiency of sediment transport and delivery through a spatially restricted, consistently linked routing system and the potential utility of deep-sea turbidite depositional trends as paleoclimate proxies in such settings.},
	issn = {0022-1376},
	doi = {10.1086/651539},
	author = {Covault, J. A. and Romans, B. W. and Fildani, A. and McGann, M. and Graham, S. A.}
}
@article {506,
	title = {Reconnaissance dating A new radiocarbon method applied to assessing the temporal distribution of Southern Ocean deep-sea corals},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1924; PT: J; UT: WOS:000284750700012},
	pages = {1510-1520},
	abstract = {We have developed a rapid reconnaissance method of preparing graphite for (14)C/(12)C analysis Carbonate (similar to 15 mg) is combusted using an elemental analyzer and the resulting CO(2) is converted to graphite using a sealed tube zinc reduction method Over 85\% (n=45 replicates on twenty-one individual corals) of reconnaissance ages measured on corals ranging in age from 500 to 33 000 radiocarbon years (Ryr) are within two standard deviations of ages generated using standard hydrolysis methods on the same corals and all reconnaissance ages are within 300 Ryr of the standard hydrolysis ages Replicate measurements on three individual aragonitic corals yielded ages of 1076 +/- 35 Ryr (standard deviation n=5) 10 739 +/- 47 Ryr (n=8) and 40 146 +/- 3500 Ryr (n=9) No systematic biases were found using different cleaning methods or variable sample sizes Analysis of (13)C/(12)C was made concurrently with the (14)C/(12)C measurement to correct for natural fractionation and for fractionation during sample processing and analysis This technique provides a new rapid method for making accurate percent-level (14)C/(12)C analyses that may be used to establish the rates and chronology of earth system processes where survey-type modes of age estimation are desirable For example applications may include creation of sediment core-top maps preliminary age models for sediment cores and growth rate studies of marine organisms such as corals or mollusks We applied the reconnaissance method to more than 100 solitary deep-sea corals collected in the Drake Passage in the Southern Ocean to investigate their temporal and spatial distribution The corals used in this study are part of a larger sample set and the subset that was dated was chosen based on species as opposed to preservation state so as to exclude obvious temporal biases Similar to studies in other regions the distribution of deep-sea corals is not constant through time across the Drake Passage Most of the corals from the Burdwood Bank (continental shelf of Argentina) have ages ranging between 0 and 2500 calendar years whereas most of the corals from the Sars Seamount in the Drake Passage have ages between 10 000 and 12 500 calendar years Such differences may be caused in part by sampling biases but may also be caused by changes in larval transport nutrient supply or other environmental pressures (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2010.07.010},
	author = {Burke, Andrea and Robinson, Laura F. and McNichol, Ann P. and W. J. Jenkins and Scanlon, Kathryn M. and Gerlach, Dana S.}
}
@article {377,
	title = {Reduced North Atlantic Central Water formation in response to early Holocene ice-sheet melting},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 874; 649FZ Times Cited:3 Cited References Count:32submittedY},
	abstract = {Central waters of the North Atlantic are fundamental for ventilation of the upper ocean and are also linked to the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Here, we show based on benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios, that during times of enhanced melting from the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) between 9.0-8.5 thousand years before present (ka) the production of central waters weakened the upper AMOC resulting in a cooling over the Northern Hemisphere. Centered at 8.54 +/- 0.2 ka and 8.24 +/- 0.1 ka our dataset records two similar to 150-year cooling events in response to the drainage of Lake Agassiz/Ojibway, indicating early slow-down of the upper AMOC in response to the initial freshwater flux into the subpolar gyre (SPG) followed by a more severe weakening of both the upper and lower branches of the AMOC at 8.2 ka. These results highlight the sensitivity of regional North Atlantic climate change to the strength of central-water overturning and exemplify the impact of both gradual and abrupt freshwater fluxes on eastern SPG surface water convection. In light of the possible future increase in Greenland Ice Sheet melting due to global warming these findings may help us to better constrain and possibly predict future North Atlantic climate change. Citation: Bamberg, A., Y. Rosenthal, A. Paul, D. Heslop, S. Mulitza, C. Ruhlemann, and M. Schulz (2010), Reduced North Atlantic Central Water formation in response to early Holocene ice-sheet melting, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L17705, doi: 10.1029/2010GL043878.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2010gl043878},
	author = {Bamberg, A. and Rosenthal, Y. and Paul, A. and Heslop, D. and Mulitza, S. and Ruhlemann, C. and Schulz, M.}
}
@article {471,
	title = {Regional seismic stratigraphy and controls on the Quaternary evolution of the Cape Hatteras region of the Atlantic passive margin, USA},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {268},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1862; 556RX Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:71Y},
	pages = {16-33},
	abstract = {Seismic and core data, combined with amino acid racemization and strontium-isotope age data, enable the definition of the Quaternary stratigraphic framework and recognition of geologic controls on the development of the modern coastal system of North Carolina, U.S.A. Seven regionally continuous high amplitude reflections are defined which bound six seismic stratigraphic units consisting of multiple regionally discontinuous depositional sequences and parasequence sets, and enable an understanding of the evolution of this margin. Data reveal the progressive eastward progradation and aggradation of the Quaternary shelf. The early Pleistocene inner shelf occurs at a depth of ca. 20-40 m beneath the western part of the modern estuarine system (Pamlico Sound). A mid- to outer shelf lowstand terrace (also early Pleistocene) with shelf sand ridge deposits comprising parasequence sets within a transgressive systems tract, occurs at a deeper level (ca. 45-70 m) beneath the modern barrier island system (the Outer Banks) and northern Pamlico Sound. Seismic and foraminiferal paleoenvironmental data from cores indicate the occurrence of lowstand strandplain shoreline deposits on the early to middle Pleistocene shelf. Middle to late Pleistocene deposits occur above a prominent unconformity and marine flooding surface that truncates underlying units, and contain numerous filled fluvial valleys that are incised into the early and middle Pleistocene deposits. The stratigraphic framework suggests margin progradation and aggradation modified by an increase in the magnitude of sea-level fluctuations during the middle to late Pleistocene. expressed as falling stage, lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts. Thick stratigraphic sequences occur within the middle Pleistocene section, suggesting the occurrence of high capacity fluvial point sources debouching into the area from the west and north. Furthermore, the antecedent topography plays a significant role in the evolution of the geomorphology and stratigraphy of this marginal system. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2009.10.007},
	author = {Mallinson, D. J. and Culver, S. J. and Riggs, S. R. and Thieler, E. R. and Foster, D. and Wehmiller, J. and Farrell, K. M. and Pierson, J.}
}
@conference {1793,
	title = {The southern Svalbard Margin sedimentary system: preliminary results from EGLACOM cruise 2008},
	booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2010},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 873},
	month = {2010},
	address = {Vienna, Austria},
	author = {Melis, R. and Lucchi, R. G. and Giorgetti, G. and Persico, D. and B{\'A}Rcena, M. A. A. and Caburlotto, A. and Macr{\`I}, P. and Villa, G. and Sagnotti, L. and Rebesco, M.}
}
@article {2550,
	title = {Synchronous Deglacial Overturning and Water Mass Source Changes},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {327},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Jan-01-2010},
	pages = {75 - 78},
	abstract = {Understanding changes in ocean circulation during the last deglaciation is crucial to unraveling the dynamics of glacial-interglacial and millennial climate shifts. We used neodymium isotope measurements on postdepositional iron-manganese oxide coatings precipitated on planktonic foraminifera to reconstruct changes in the bottom water source of the deep western North Atlantic at the Bermuda Rise. Comparison of our deep water source record with overturning strength proxies shows that both the deep water mass source and the overturning rate shifted rapidly and synchronously during the last deglacial transition. In contrast, any freshwater perturbation caused by Heinrich event 1 could have only affected shallow overturning. These findings show how changes in upper-ocean overturning associated with millennial-scale events differ from those associated with whole-ocean deglacial climate events.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1178068},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1178068},
	author = {Roberts, N. L. and Piotrowski, A. M. and McManus, J. F. and Keigwin, L. D.}
}
@conference {958,
	title = {Year-round probing of soot carbon and secondary organic carbon contributions and sources to the South Asian Atmospheric Brown Cloud using radiocarbon (14C) measurements},
	booktitle = {EGU General Assembly 2010, held 2-7 May, 2010 in Vienna, Austria},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 870Y},
	month = {05/2010},
	abstract = {South Asia is one region of vital importance for assessing human impact on radiative forcing by atmospheric aerosols. Previous research in the region has indicated that black carbon is a significant component of the regional aerosol load. In contrast, there is more ambiguous information regarding the contribution of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) to the total carbonaceous (TC) aerosol composition. Here we primarily address the SOA component of the South Asian Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC) by a combination of measurements of SOA concentrations and the 14C signature of TC. Atmospheric particulate matter was collected during fourteen-month continuous sampling campaigns Jan 2008 - March 2009 at both the Maldives Climate Observatory at Hannimaadho (MCO-H) and at the Sinhagad hilltop sampling site of the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (SIN) in central-western India. The radiocarbon method is an ideal approach to identify fossil sources (14C "dead") compared to biogenic and biomass combustion products (with a contemporary 14C signal). The radiocarbon source apportionment of TC revealed very similar contribution from biogenic/biomass combustion (60-70\%) for Indian SIN site and the MCOH receptor regions for much of the year. However, during the summer monsoon season biomass contribution to TC at the Indian Ocean site increases to 70-80\%, while it decreases to 40-50\% at the Indian site. Source apportionment of a soot carbon (SC) isolate (CTO-375 method; a tracer of black carbon) shows a similar trend. According to preliminary data in summer biomass contribution is higher at the MCOH receptor site (70\%) compared to the SIN background site (45\%). These unique year-round 14C data will be interpreted in view of the SOA concentration and the varying origin of the air masses.},
	author = {Kirillova, Elena and Sheesley, Rebecca J. and Andersson, August and Krus{\r a}, Martin and Safai, P. D. and Budhavant, Krishnakant and Rao, P. S. P. and Praveen, P. S. and Gustafsson, {\"O}rjan}
}
@article {523,
	title = {A 2000 year midge-based paleotemperature reconstruction from the Canadian Arctic archipelago},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1863; 395EF Times Cited:3 Cited References Count:57Y},
	pages = {177-188},
	abstract = {A lake sediment core recovered from Lake V57 on Victoria Island, Nunavut, Canada, spanning the last 2000 years, was analyzed for sub-fossil midge remains and organic-matter content (estimated by loss-on-ignition (LOI)). Significant changes in midge community composition occurred during the last 2000 years, with a distinct midge community appearing after 1600 AD. The chironomid community between 0 and 1600 AD was dominated by Heterotrissocladius, Tanytarsus, Abiskomyia, and Paracladius. At approximately 1600 AD, Heterotrissocladius decreased in relative abundance and taxa such as Corynocera ambigua, C. oliveri, Psectrocladius sordidellus type, and Pentanneurini increased in relative abundance. Previously published midge-based inference models for average July air temperature (AJAT) and summer surface-water temperature (SSWT) were applied to the subfossil midge stratigraphy. The AJAT reconstruction indicates relatively cool conditions existed between 1100 and 1600 AD, with exceptional warming occuring after 1600 AD, as lake productivity inferred from organic-matter content increased concomitantly with midge-inferred AJAT and SSWT. The cooler conditions between 1200 and 1600 AD, and the pattern of warming over recent centuries inferred from Lake V57 is broadly consistent with temperature-sensitive biogenic silica records from other sites in the central Canadian Arctic and the treeline zone to the south suggesting a regionally synchronous response to climate forcing.},
	issn = {0921-2728},
	doi = {10.1007/s10933-008-9263-x},
	author = {Porinchu, D. and MacDonald, G. and Rolland, N.}
}
@article {368,
	title = {2,000-year-long temperature and hydrology reconstructions from the Indo-Pacific warm pool},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {460},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 860; ISI Document Delivery No.: 487YE Times Cited: 2 Cited Reference Count: 29 Cited References: *INT AT ENAG WORLD, 2006, GNIP PROGR RES *NAT RES COUNC, 2006, SURF TEMP REC LAST 2 ALDRIAN E, 2003, INT J CLIMATOL, V23, P1435, DOI 10.1002/joc.950 ANAND P, 2003, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V18, ARTN 1050 BARSUGLI JJ, 2002, J CLIMATE, V15, P3427 BROCCOLI AJ, 2006, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V33, ARTN L01702 CHIANG JCH, 2005, CLIM DYNAM, V25, P477, DOI 10.1007/s00382-005-0040-5 CONROY JL, 2008, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V27, P1166, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.02.015 GORDON AL, 2003, NATURE, V425, P824, DOI 10.1038/nature02038 HAUG GH, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P1304 JANSEN E, 2007, CLIMATE CHANGE 2007, P466 KAWAHATA H, 2002, DEEP-SEA RES PT II, V49, P2783 LEA DW, 2000, SCIENCE, V289, P1719 LOCARNINI RA, 2006, NOAA ATLAS NESDIS, V61 MANN ME, 2008, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V105, P13252, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0805721105 MOHTADI M, 2009, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V24, ARTN PA1201 MOY CM, 2002, NATURE, V420, P162 NEWTON A, 2006, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V33, ARTN L19710 QU T, 2005, OCEANOGRAPHY, V18, P50 ROSENTHAL Y, 2003, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V30, DOI 10.1029/2002GL016612 SMITH TM, 2008, J CLIMATE, V21, P2283, DOI 10.1175/2007JCLI2100.1 SONTAKKE NA, 1993, J CLIMATE, V6, P1807 STOTT L, 2004, NATURE, V431, P56, DOI 10.1038/nature02903 THUNELL RC, 1984, MICROPALEONTOLOGY, V30, P243 VUILLE M, 2005, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V110, ARTN D23108 WANG YJ, 2005, SCIENCE, V308, P854, DOI 10.1126/science.1106296 XIE PP, 1996, J CLIMATE, V9, P840 YANCHEVA G, 2007, NATURE, V445, P74, DOI 10.1038/nature05431 ZHANG PZ, 2008, SCIENCE, V322, P940, DOI 10.1126/science.1163965 Oppo, Delia W. Rosenthal, Yair Linsley, Braddock K.; YY},
	pages = {1113-1116},
	abstract = {Northern Hemisphere surface temperature reconstructions suggest that the late twentieth century was warmer than any other time during the past 500 years and possibly any time during the past 1,300 years (refs 1, 2). These temperature reconstructions are based largely on terrestrial records from extra-tropical or high-elevation sites; however, global average surface temperature changes closely follow those of the global tropics(3), which are 75\% ocean. In particular, the tropical Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) represents a major heat reservoir that both influences global atmospheric circulation(4) and responds to remote northern high-latitude forcings(5,6). Here we present a decadally resolved continuous sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction from the IPWP that spans the past two millennia and overlaps the instrumental record, enabling both a direct comparison of proxy data to the instrumental record and an evaluation of past changes in the context of twentieth century trends. Our record from the Makassar Strait, Indonesia, exhibits trends that are similar to a recent Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction(2). Reconstructed SST was, however, within error of modern values from about AD 1000 to AD 1250, towards the end of the Medieval Warm Period. SSTs during the Little Ice Age ( approximately AD 1550-1850) were variable, and similar to 0.5 to 1 degrees C colder than modern values during the coldest intervals. A companion reconstruction of delta O-18 of sea water-a sea surface salinity and hydrology indicator-indicates a tight coupling with the East Asian monsoon system and remote control of IPWP hydrology on centennial-millennial timescales, rather than a dominant influence from local SST variation.},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature08233},
	author = {Oppo, D. W. and Rosenthal, Y. and Linsley, B. K.}
}
@inbook {1454,
	title = {8000 Years of Human Settlement and Land Use in Old Ranch Canyon, Santa Rosa Island, California},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh California Islands Symposium},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2074},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {21-31},
	publisher = {Institute for Wildlife Studies},
	organization = {Institute for Wildlife Studies},
	address = {Arcata, CA},
	author = {Rick, Torben C.},
	editor = {Damiani, Christine C.}
}
@article {480,
	title = {Black carbon in marine particulate organic carbon: Inputs and cycling of highly recalcitrant organic carbon in the Gulf of Maine},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1865; 440SC Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:85; YY},
	pages = {172-181},
	abstract = {To increase our understanding of the roles of black carbon (BC), a highly sorptive and recalcitrant material, we measured BC concentrations and fluxes in marine particulate organic carbon (POC) out of the water column in the Gulf of Maine (GoM), a representative coastal area downwind of important BC sources of the Northeastern United States. Concentrations ranged from},
	issn = {0304-4203},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marchem.2009.01.012},
	author = {Flores-Cervantes, D. X. and Plata, D. L. and MacFarlane, J. K. and Reddy, C. M. and Gschwend, P. M.}
}
@article {332,
	title = {Brown Clouds over South Asia: Biomass or Fossil Fuel Combustion?},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {323},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1867; 396JL Times Cited:8 Cited References Count:33Y},
	pages = {495-498},
	abstract = {Carbonaceous aerosols cause strong atmospheric heating and large surface cooling that is as important to South Asian climate forcing as greenhouse gases, yet the aerosol sources are poorly understood. Emission inventory models suggest that biofuel burning accounts for 50 to 90\% of emissions, whereas the elemental composition of ambient aerosols points to fossil fuel combustion. We used radiocarbon measurements of winter monsoon aerosols from western India and the Indian Ocean to determine that biomass combustion produced two- thirds of the bulk carbonaceous aerosols, as well as one- half and two- thirds of two black carbon subfractions, respectively. These constraints show that both biomass combustion ( such as residential cooking and agricultural burning) and fossil fuel combustion should be targeted to mitigate climate effects and improve air quality.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1164857},
	author = {Gustafsson, O. and Krusa, M. and Zencak, Z. and Sheesley, R. J. and Granat, L. and Engstrom, E. and Praveen, P. S. and Rao, P. S. P. and Leck, C. and Rodhe, H.}
}
@article {488,
	title = {A chronology of hurricane landfalls at Little Sippewissett Marsh, Massachusetts, USA, using optical dating},
	journal = {Geomorphology},
	volume = {109},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 861; ISI Document Delivery No.: 465RS Times Cited: 1 Cited Reference Count: 47 Cited References: *NOAA NOS COOPS, 2006, VER HIST WAT LEV DAT AITKEN MJ, 1985, THERMOLUMINESCENCE D ANDERSON TW, 1974, CAN J EARTH SCI, V11, P678 BAILEY RM, 1997, RADIAT MEAS, V27, P123 BAILEY SD, 2001, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V20, P701 BALLARINI M, 2003, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V22, P1011, DOI 10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00043-X BERGER GW, 2003, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V22, P1043, DOI 10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00017-9 BOOSE ER, 2001, ECOL MONOGR, V71, P27 BOSSAK BH, 2003, EARLY 19 CENTURY US BOTTERJENSEN L, 1988, NUCL TRACKS RAD MEAS, V14, P187 BOTTERJENSEN L, 1997, RADIAT MEAS, V27, P749 CHOI JH, 2003, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V22, P407 DIVIGALPITIYA WMR, 1982, THESIS S FRASER U BU DONNELLY JP, 2001, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V113, P714 DONNELLY JP, 2001, GEOLOGY, V29, P615 DONNELLY JP, 2004, HURRICANES TYPHOONS, P58 DONNELLY JP, 2004, MAR GEOL, V210, P107, DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.005 DULLER GAT, 2004, J QUATERNARY SCI, V19, P183, DOI 10.1002/jqs.809 EMANUEL K, 2005, NATURE, V436, P686, DOI 10.1038/nature03906 GALBRAITH RF, 1999, ARCHAEOMETRY 2, V41, P339 GOLDENBERG SB, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P474 HENDERSONSELLERS A, 1998, B AM METEOROL SOC, V79, P19 HUNTLEY DJ, 1994, ANCIENT TL, V12, P41 JAGGER TH, 2006, J CLIMATE, V19, P3220 JAIN M, 2005, RADIAT MEAS, V39, P309 LANDSEA CW, 2004, HURRICANES TYPHOONS, P177 LANDSEA CW, 2006, SCIENCE, V313, P452, DOI 10.1126/science.1128448 LIAN OB, 2006, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V25, P2449, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.11.013 LIU KB, 1993, GEOLOGY, V21, P793 LIU KB, 2000, QUATERNARY RES, V54, P238 LUDLUM DM, 1963, EARLY AM HURRICANES MADSEN AT, 2005, MAR GEOL, V214, P251, DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.10.034 MADSEN AT, 2007, J COASTAL RES, V23, P1259, DOI 10.2112/05-0471.1 MADSEN AT, 2007, MAR GEOL, V242, P221, DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2007.03.001 MANN ME, 2006, EOS, V87, P233 MURRAY AS, 2000, RADIAT MEAS, V32, P57 MURRAY AS, 2002, GEOCHRONOMETRIA, V21, P1 MURRAY AS, 2003, RADIAT MEAS, V37, P377, DOI 10.1016/S1350-4487(03)00053-2 NEUMANN CJ, 1993, NCDC NHC HIST CLIMAT, V6 PIELKE RA, 1998, WEATHER FORECAST 2, V13, P621 PRESCOTT JR, 1988, NUCL TRACKS RAD MEAS, V14, P223 PRESCOTT JR, 1994, RADIAT MEAS, V23, P497 RHODES EJ, 2000, RADIAT MEAS, V32, P595 STUIVER M, 1998, RADIOCARBON, V40, P1041 TRENBERTH KE, 2006, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V33, ARTN L12704 WEBSTER PJ, 2005, SCIENCE, V309, P1844, DOI 10.1126/science.1116448 WINTLE AG, 2006, RADIAT MEAS, V41, P369, DOI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2005.11.001 Madsen, A. T. Duller, G. A. T. Donnelly, J. P. Roberts, H. M. Wintle, A. G. National Science Foundation [0519118] The authors wish to acknowledge Dana MacDonald for pollen analysis. This work was supported by National Science Foundation award $\#$0519118. Elsevier science bv Amsterdam Sp. Iss. SI; YY},
	pages = {36-45},
	abstract = {Optical dating has been applied to sediments preserved in Little Sippewissett Marsh, Massachusetts, USA, which are associated with overwashing of the beach barrier during hurricane strikes on the coast. The aims were to determine the hurricane landfall frequency, and make comparisons with independent age control and the historical record. Written sources of hurricane activity along the American east coast are only considered reliable back to the mid 19th century, but the sedimentary record is potentially much longer. Optical dating was applied to quartz grains extracted from thirteen samples within a sediment core from the salt-marsh. Variability in the luminescence characteristics between aliquots was observed and similar to 33\% of the measured aliquots were discarded based upon the ratio of the fast component to the medium component. The majority of the samples gave normal dose distributions implying homogeneous resetting of the luminescence signal at the time of deposition, but three of the samples required application of the minimum age model (MAM). Ages ranging between 20 +/- 2 and 594 +/- 38 years were obtained and are broadly in agreement with independent chronologies, thus demonstrating the potential of optical dating in this setting. The hurricane record based upon optical dating extends approximately 300 years further back in time than the official National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) record. The localised nature of hurricane landfalls means that it will be necessary to collect multiple cores from a number of different sites in order to build up a complete hurricane record for this part of the coast. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0169-555X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.08.023},
	author = {Madsen, A. T. and Duller, G. A. T. and Donnelly, J. P. and Roberts, H. M. and Wintle, A. G.}
}
@article {326,
	title = {Coarse-grained sediment delivery and distribution in the Holocene Santa Monica Basin, California: Implications for evaluating source-to-sink flux at millennial time scales},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {121},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 876; 478QZ Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:90Y},
	pages = {1394-1408},
	abstract = {Utilizing accumulations of coarse-grained terrigenous sediment from deep-marine basins to evaluate the relative contributions of and history of controls on sediment flux through a source-to-sink system has been difficult as a result of limited knowledge of event timing. In this study, six new radiocarbon (C-14) dates are integrated with five previously published dates that have been recalibrated from a 12.5-m-thick turbidite section from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1015 in Santa Monica Basin, offshore California. This borehole is tied to high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles that cover an 1100 km(2) area of the middle and lower Hueneme submarine fan and most of the basin plain. The resulting stratigraphic framework provides the highest temporal resolution for a thick-bedded Holocene turbidite succession to date, permitting an evaluation of source-to-sink controls at millennial (1000 yr) scales. The depositional history from 7 ka to present indicates that the recurrence interval for large turbidity-current events is relatively constant (300-360 yr), but the volume of sediment deposited on the fan and in the basin plain has increased by a factor of 2 over this period. Moreover, the amount of sand per event on the basin plain during the same interval has increased by a factor of 7. Maps of sediment distribution derived from correlation of seismic-reflection profiles indicate that this trend cannot be attributed exclusively to autogenic processes (e.g., progradation of depocenters). The observed variability in sediment accumulation rates is thus largely controlled by allogenic factors, including: (1) increased discharge of Santa Clara River as a result of increased magnitude and frequency of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events from ca. 2 ka to present, (2) an apparent change in routing of coarse-grained sediment within the staging area at ca. 3 ka (i.e., from direct river input to indirect, littoral cell input into Hueneme submarine canyon), and (3) decreasing rates of sea-level rise (i.e., rate of rise slowed considerably by ca. 3 ka). The Holocene history of the Santa Clara River-Santa Monica Basin source-to-sink system demonstrates the ways in which varying sediment flux and changes in dispersal pathways affect the basinal stratigraphic record.},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/B26393.1},
	author = {Romans, B. W. and Normark, W. R. and McGann, M. M. and Covault, J. A. and Graham, S. A.}
}
@article {352,
	title = {Compound-specific radiocarbon analysis {\textendash} analytical challenges and applications},
	journal = {IOP conference proceedings: Earth and Environmental Sciences},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 884Y},
	doi = {10.1088/1755-1707/1/012006},
	author = {Mollenhauer, G. and Rethemeyer, Janet}
}
@article {1856,
	title = {Coral growth rates from the Holocene Canada Honda fossil reef, Southwestern Dominican Republic: Comparisons with modern counterparts in high sedimentation settings},
	journal = {Caribbean Journal of Science},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2009},
	note = {695voTimes Cited:0
Cited References Count:47
},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {94-109},
	abstract = {The Holocene Canada Honda fossil reef, located in southwestern Dominican Republic, provides a unique opportunity to examine a well-preserved fossil coral reef that thrived in a high-sedimentation environment between 9,000 to 5,000 years ago. Measurements of coral growth rates from the corals Montastraea faveolata and Siderastrea siderea were conducted and comparisons made with growth rate data of these same species from modern coral reefs throughout the Caribbean. Also, assessments of coral species abundance, morphology, age, and distribution, as well as reef sediment composition, were made to determine the paleoenvironment of reef accretion. This reef is characterized by a high relative abundance of sediment-tolerant coral species that have a tendency to form almost monospecific stands. Individual colonies have a propensity to grow as encrusting, dome-shaped, platy-like forms and specimens of Montastraea faveolata commonly contain bands of sediment incorporated into the skeleton. Calibrated radiocarbon ages of fossil corals range from 9,256 +/- 137 to 6,737 +/- 94.5 BP. Correlation of radiocarbon ages with well-established Holocene sea-level curves indicates that most corals on this reef developed at depths >15m. Measured growth rates in Siderastrea siderea (0.2-0.4 cm/yr) and Montastraea faveolata (0.09-0.44 cm/yr) are relatively low compared with growth rates from modern reef sites, indicating reduced light intensity caused by coral growth at depths greater than 15 m. Reef sediment is characterized by more than 85\% carbonate material. A significant portion of the carbonate is allochtonous and was derived from nearby Neogene limestones. The reef was able to survive under high-sedimentation conditions because the high carbonate content of incoming terrigenous sediment would have allowed better light penetration and probable sporadic storms would provide intervening low-sedimentation periods during which reef corals could respond and grow back, keeping-up with sedimentation.},
	keywords = {australia, Belize, Caribbean, community, degradation, enriquillo valley, florida, great-barrier-reef, linear extension, montastraea-annularis, paluma shoals, record, siltation stress, skeletal extension, turbidity},
	isbn = {0008-6452},
	author = {Cuevas, D. N. and Sherman, C. E. and Ram{\'\i}rez, W. and Hubbard, D. K.}
}
@article {252,
	title = {Evidence of paleo-cold seep activity from the Bay of Bengal, offshore India},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 794; 458FC Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:80Y},
	abstract = {We report evidence of paleo-cold seep associated activities, preserved in methane-derived carbonates in association with chemosynthetic clams (Calyptogena sp.) from a sediment core in the Krishna-Godavari basin, Bay of Bengal. Visual observations and calculations based on high-resolution wet bulk density profile of a core collected on board R/V Marion Dufresne (May 2007) show zones of sharp increase in carbonate content (10-55 vol\%) within 16-20 meters below seafloor (mbsf). The presence of Calyptogena clam shells, chimneys, shell breccias with high Mg calcite cement, and pyrite within this zone suggest seepage of methane and sulfide-bearing fluid to the seafloor in the past. Highly depleted carbon isotopic values (delta C-13 ranges from -41 to -52\% VPDB) from these carbonates indicate carbon derived via anaerobic oxidation of methane. Extrapolated mean calendar age (similar to 58.7 ka B. P.) of the clastic sediments at a depth of 16 mbsf is close to the upper limit of the U-Th based depositional age (46.2 +/- 3.7 and 53.0 +/- 1.6 ka) of authigenic carbonates sampled from this level, thereby constraining the younger age limit of the carbonate deposition/methane expulsion events. The observed carbonate deposition might have resulted from the flow of methane-enriched fluids through the fracture network formed because of shale diapirism.},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2008gc002337},
	author = {Mazumdar, A. and Dewangan, P. and Joao, H. M. and Peketi, A. and Khosla, V. R. and Kocherla, M. and Badesab, F. K. and Joshi, R. K. and Roxanne, P. and Ramamurty, P. B. and Karisiddaiah, S. M. and Patil, D. J. and Dayal, A. M. and Ramprasad, T. and Hawkesworth, C. J. and Avanzinelli, R.}
}
@article {531,
	title = {Field Survey and Geological Effects of the 15 November 2006 Kuril Tsunami in the Middle Kuril Islands},
	journal = {Pure and Applied Geophysics},
	volume = {166},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 831; 418XP Times Cited:2 Cited References Count:46Y},
	pages = {9-36},
	abstract = {The near-field expression of the tsunami produced by the 15 November 2006 Kuril earthquake (M-w 8.1-8.4) in the middle Kuril Islands, Russia, including runup of up to 20 m, remained unknown until we conducted a post-tsunami survey in the summer of 2007. Because the earthquake occurred between summer field expeditions in 2006 and 2007, we have observations, topographic profiles, and photographs from three months before and nine months after the tsunami. We thoroughly surveyed portions of the islands of Simushir and Matua, and also did surveys on parts of Ketoi, Yankicha, Ryponkicha, and Rasshua. Tsunami runup in the near-field of the middle Kuril Islands, over a distance of about 200 km, averaged 10 m over 130 locations surveyed and was typically between 5 and 15 m. Local topography strongly affected inundation and somewhat affected runup. Higher runup generally occurred along steep, protruding headlands, whereas longer inundation distances occurred on lower, flatter coastal plains. Sediment transport was ubiquitous where sediment was available-deposit grain size was typically sand, but ranged from mud to large boulders. Wherever there were sandy beaches, a more or less continuous sand sheet was present on the coastal plain. Erosion was extensive, often more extensive than deposition in both space and volume, especially in areas with runup of more than 10 m. The tsunami eroded the beach landward, stripped vegetation, created scours and trim lines, cut through ridges, and plucked rocks out of the coastal plain.},
	issn = {0033-4553},
	doi = {10.1007/s00024-008-0428-3},
	author = {MacInnes, B. T. and Pinegina, T. K. and Bourgeois, J. and Razhigaeva, N. G. and Kaistrenko, V. M. and Kravchunovskaya, E. A.}
}
@article {290,
	title = {Fishing from past to present: continuity and resilience of red abalone fisheries on the Channel Islands, California},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2060; PT: J; UT: WOS:000266281400008},
	pages = {906-919},
	abstract = {Archaeological data from coastal shell middens provide a window into the structure of ancient marine ecosystems and the nature of human impacts on fisheries that often span millennia. For decades Channel Island archaeologists have studied Middle Holocene shell middens visually dominated by large and often whole shells of the red abalone (Haliotis rufescens). Here we use modern ecological data, historical accounts, commercial red abalone catch records, and zooarchaeological data to examine long-term spatial and temporal variation in the productivity of red abalone fisheries on the Northern Channel Islands, California (USA). Historical patterns of abundance, in which red abalone densities increase from east to west through the islands, extend deep into the Holocene. The correlation of historical and archaeological data argue for long-term spatial continuity in productive red abalone fisheries and a resilience of abalone populations despite dramatic ecological changes and intensive human predation spanning more than 8000 years. Archaeological, historical, and ecological data suggest that California kelp forests and red abalone populations are structured by a complex combination of top-down and bottom-up controls.},
	issn = {1051-0761},
	doi = {10.1890/08-0135.1},
	author = {Braje, Todd J. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Dayton, Paul K. and Hatch, Marco B. A.}
}
@article {282,
	title = {Fishing up the Food Web?: 12,000 Years of Maritime Subsistence and Adaptive Adjustments on California{\textquoteright}s Channel Islands},
	journal = {Pacific Science},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2059; PT: J; UT: WOS:000270849400011},
	pages = {711-724},
	abstract = {Archaeologists working on California{\textquoteright}s northern Channel Islands have produced an essentially continuous record of Native American fishing and nearshore ecological changes spanning die last 12,000 years. To search for evidence of Pauly{\textquoteright}s "fishing down the foodweb" pattern typical of recent historical fisheries, we analyzed variation in the dietary importance of major marine faunal classes (shellfish, fish, marine mammals) on the islands through time. Faunal data suggest that the Island Chumash and their predecessors focused primarily on low-trophic-level shellfish during the Early and Middle Holocene, before shifting their economic focus to finfish and pinnipeds during the Late Holocene. Replicated in faunal sequences from the adjacent mainland, this trans-Holocene pattern suggests that Native Americans fished Lip the food web, a strategy that may have been more sustainable and had fewer ecological repercussions. Emerging technological data suggest, however, that some of the earliest Channel Islanders focused more heavily on higher-trophic-level animals, including marine mammals, seabirds, and waterfowl. These data emphasize the differences between the primarily subsistence-based foraging strategies of ancient Channel Islanders and the globalized market-based fisheries of modern and historic times, with important implications for understanding the long-term evolution and historical ecology of marine ecosystems.},
	issn = {0030-8870},
	doi = {10.2984/049.063.0411},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Braje, Todd J.}
}
@article {540,
	title = {Formal definition and dating of the GSSP (Global Stratotype Section and Point) for the base of the Holocene using the Greenland NGRIP ice core, and selected auxiliary records RID B-5560-2008 RID F-1111-2011},
	journal = {Journal of Quaternary Science},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1989; PT: J; UT: WOS:000262615700002},
	pages = {3-17},
	abstract = {The Greenland ice core from NorthGRIP (NGRIP) contains a proxy climate record across the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary of unprecedented clarity and resolution. Analysis of an array of physical and chemical parameters within the ice enables the base of the Holocene, as reflected in the first signs of climatic warming at the end of the Younger Dryas/Greenland Stadial 1 cold phase, to be located with a high degree of precision. This climatic event is most clearly reflected in an abrupt shift in deuterium excess values, accompanied by more gradual changes in delta(18)O, dust concentration, a range of chemical species, and annual layer thickness. A timescale based on multi-parameter annual layer counting provides an age of 11 700 calendar yr b2k (before AD 2000) for the base of the Holocene, with a maximum counting error of 99 yr. A proposal that an archived core from this unique sequence should constitute the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Holocene Series/Epoch (Quaternary System/Period) has been ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences. Five auxiliary stratotypes for the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary have also been recognised. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	issn = {0267-8179},
	doi = {10.1002/jqs.1227},
	author = {Walker, Mike and Johnsen, Sigfus and Rasmussen, Sune Olander and Popp, Trevor and Steffensen, Jorgen-Peder and Gibbard, Phil and Hoek, Wim and Lowe, John and Andrews, John and Bjorck, Svante and Cwynar, Les C. and Hughen, Konrad and Kershaw, Peter and Kromer, Bernd and Litt, Thomas and Lowe, David J. and Nakagawa, Takeshi and Newnham, Rewi and Schwander, Jakob}
}
@article {530,
	title = {Growth and sexual maturity of the northern propellerclam (Cyrtodaria siliqua) in Eastern Canada, with bomb radiocarbon age validation},
	journal = {Marine Biology},
	volume = {156},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 803; 413YA Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:45Y},
	pages = {1029-1037},
	abstract = {The northern propellerclam Cyrtodaria siliqua is a common bycatch in the Arctic surfclam, Mactromeris polynyma fishery on Banquereau Bank in Eastern Canada. Samples of the propellerclam from this exploited fishery were used to determine the life history characteristics of the population. The age structure of the population is dominated by old animals to ages exceeding 100 years. We validated the age estimates for the propellerclam through analysis of bomb-produced radiocarbon in the shell growth increments deposited before, during and after the atmospheric atomic bomb testing periods of the 1950s and 1960s. Radiocarbon from shells with presumed birth dates between the late 1950s and 1970s clearly reflected the sharp increase in oceanic radiocarbon attributable to previous nuclear testing, indicating that age estimates based on shell increment counts are accurate. Estimates of von Bertalanffy growth parameters revealed that the growth rate of the population was relatively rapid for the first 20 years of life, slowing down to very low growth rates thereafter. Sexual maturity was estimated as being reached at 28.6 mm in length and 4.7 years in age. Size-weight morphometric relationships were also calculated.},
	issn = {0025-3162},
	doi = {10.1007/s00227-009-1146-9},
	author = {Kilada, R. W. and Campana, S. E. and Roddick, D.}
}
@article {432,
	title = {Holocene sea-level changes along the North Carolina Coastline and their implications for glacial isostatic adjustment models},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 814; Sp. Iss. SI 484ZD Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:108Y},
	pages = {1725-1736},
	abstract = {We have synthesized new and existing relative sea-level (RSL) data to produce a quality-controlled, spatially comprehensive database from the North Carolina coastline. The RSL database consists of 54 sea-level index points that are quantitatively related to an appropriate tide level and assigned an error estimate, and a further 33 limiting dates that confine the maximum and minimum elevations of RSL The temporal distribution of the index points is very uneven with only five index points older than 4000 cal a BP, but the form of the Holocene sea-level trend is constrained by both terrestrial and marine limiting dates. The data illustrate RSL rapidly rising during the early and mid Holocene from an observed elevation of -35.7 +/- 1.1 m MSL at 11062-10576 cal a BP to -4.2 m +/- 0.4 m MSL at 4240-3592 cal a BP. We restricted comparisons between observations and predictions from the ICE-5G(VM2) with rotational feedback Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) model to the Late Holocene RSL (last 4000 cal a BP) because of the wealth of sea-level data during this time interval. The ICE-5G(VM2) model predicts significant spatial variations in RSL across North Carolina, thus we subdivided the observations into two regions. The model forecasts an increase in the rate of sea-level rise in Region 1 (Albemarle, Currituck, Roanoke, Croatan, and northern Pamlico sounds) compared to Region 2 (southern Pamlico, Core and Bogue sounds, and farther south to Wilmington). The observations show Late Holocene sea-level rising at 1.14 +/- 0.03 mm year(-1) and 0.82 +/- 0.02 mm year(-1) in Regions 1 and 2, respectively. The ICE-5G(VM2) predictions capture the general temporal trend of the observations, although there is an apparent misfit for index points older than 2000 cal a BR It is presently unknown whether these misfits are caused by possible tectonic uplift associated with the mid-Carolina Platform High or a flaw in the CIA model. A comparison of local tide gauge data with the Late Holocene RSL trends from Regions 1 and 2 support the spatial variation in RSL across North Carolina, and imply an additional increase of mean sea level of greater than 2 mm year(-1) during the latter half of the 20th century; this is in general agreement with historical tide gauge and satellite altimetry data. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.02.002},
	author = {Horton, B. P. and Peltier, W. R. and Culver, S. J. and Drummond, R. and Engelhart, S. E. and Kemp, A. C. and Mallinson, D. and Thieler, E. R. and Riggs, S. R. and Ames, D. V. and Thomson, K. H.}
}
@article {418,
	title = {Human impacts, climate change, and aquatic ecosystem response during the past 2000 yr at Lake Wandakara, Uganda},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {72},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2052; PT: J; UT: WOS:000271254000002},
	pages = {315-324},
	abstract = {Analyses of carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of terrestrial leaf waxes and the carbon and nitrogen abundance. ratio, and isotopic composition of bulk sediments from Like Wandakara, a crater lake in western Uganda, East Africa. document human and climatic controls on the aquatic system and oil the Surrounding terrestrial vegetation during the past two millennia Our data indicate that Wandakara was a relatively stable, productive lake Surrounded by C(3) vegetation from AD 70 to 1000. Abrupt changes in the delta(13)C of terrestrial leaf waxes indicate a series of abrupt shifts in the relative abundance of C(3) and C(4) vegetation caused by a combination of climate change and human activities around Wandakara beginning at AD 1000. Abrupt shifts in bulk sediment organic geochemistry. particularly C/N ratios and delta(15)N, indicate that human activities at this time caused permanent changes in the limnology of Lake Wandakara. including eutrophication Our results suggest that the biogeochemistry of Like Wandakara was more sensitive to shifting human impacts than to climate variations during the past millennium, highlighting the importance of understanding the intensity of pre-colonial human impacts on Africa{\textquoteright}s aquatic ecosystems (C) 2009 University of Washington Published by Elsevier Inc All rights reserved},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2009.06.008},
	author = {Russell, James M. and McCoy, S. J. and Verschuren, D. and Bessems, I. and Huang, Y.}
}
@article {402,
	title = {Inputs of Fossil Carbon from Wastewater Treatment Plants to US Rivers and Oceans},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1833; 476XR Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:51Y},
	pages = {5647-5651},
	abstract = {Every day more than 500 million cubic meters of treated wastewater are discharged into rivers, estuaries, and oceans, an amount slightly less than the average flow of the Danube River. Typically, wastewaters have high organic carbon [OC) concentrations and represent a large fraction of total river flow and a higher fraction of river OC in densely populated watersheds. Here, we report the first direct measurements of radiocarbon (C-14) in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. The radiocarbon ages of particulate and dissolved organic carbon (POC and DOC) in effluent are old and relatively uniform across a range of WWTPs in New York and Connecticut. Wastewater DOC has a mean radiocarbon age of 1630 +/- 500 years B.P. and a mean delta C-13 of -26.0 +/- 1 parts per thousand. Mass balance calculations indicate that 25\% of wastewater DOC is fossil carbon, which is likely derived from petroleum-based household products such as detergents and pharmaceuticals. These findings warrant reevaluation of the "apparent age" of riverine DOC, the total flux of petroleum carbon to U.S. oceans, and OC source assignments in waters impacted by sewage.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/As9004043},
	author = {Griffith, D. R. and Barnes, R. T. and Raymond, P. A.}
}
@article {1846,
	title = {Intcal09 and Marine09 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves, 0-50,000 Years Cal Bp Rid F-4952-2011 Rid B-7298-2008},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1983; PT: J; UT: WOS:000274407500002},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {1111-1150},
	abstract = {The IntCal04 and Marine04 radiocarbon calibration curves have been updated from 12 cal kBP (cal kBP is here defined as thousands of calibrated years before AD 1950), and extended to 50 cal kBP, utilizing newly available data sets that meet the IntCal Working Group criteria for pristine corals and other carbonates and for quantification of uncertainty in both the (14)C and calendar timescales as established in 2002. No change was made to the curves from 0-12 cal kBP. The curves were constructed using a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) implementation of the random walk model used for IntCal04 and Marine04. The new curves were ratified at the 20th International Radiocarbon Conference in June 2009 and; ire available in the Supplemental Material at www.radiocarbon.org.},
	isbn = {0033-8222},
	author = {Reimer, P. J. and Baillie, M. G. L. and Bard, E. and Bayliss, A. and Beck, J. W. and Blackwell, P. G. and Ramsey, C. Bronk and Buck, C. E. and Burr, G. S. and Edwards, R. L. and Friedrich, M. and Grootes, P. M. and Guilderson, T. P. and Hajdas, I. and Heaton, T. J. and Hogg, A. G. and Hughen, K. A. and Kaiser, K. F. and Kromer, B. and McCormac, F. G. and Manning, S. W. and Reimer, R. W. and Richards, D. A. and Southon, J. R. and Talamo, S. and Turney, C. S. M. and van der Plicht, J. and Weyhenmeye, C. E.}
}
@article {1843,
	title = {Interpreting Nd isotope and Pa-231/Th-230 records in the deep Western North Atlantic},
	journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Suppl. S460ys
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:3
},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {A1107-A1107},
	keywords = {circulation},
	isbn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2009.05.014},
	author = {Roberts, N. L. and Piotrowski, A. M. and McManus, J. F. and Keigwin, L. D.}
}
@article {473,
	title = {Late Pleistocene-Holocene evolution of the northern shelf of the Sea of Marmara},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {265},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1843; 500UN Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:80Y},
	pages = {87-100},
	abstract = {Chirp sub-bottom profiling, multibeam bathymetric mapping and a combination of faunal and isotopic analysis of molluscs and foraminifera in sediment cores on the northern shelf of the Sea of Marmara (SoM) provide evidence of sea-level excursions, water exchanges between the adjacent Mediterranean and Black Seas, and oscillating salinity over the last 160 ka bp. During the marine isotope stages MIS-2, MIS-3, MIS-4 and MIS-6 the SoM disconnected from the Mediterranean Sea and evolved into a lake. During MIS-1, MIS-5 and MIS-7, the SoM reconnected and became salty once again. Sapropels formed shortly after each invasion of Mediterranean saltwater observed in our cores. Concurrent suboxic-dysoxic conditions prevailed over quite shallow substrates on the shelf. Ancient shorelines are pervasive at -85 m on the northern shelf and in the region of Prince Islands coincident with the elevation of the modern bedrock sill in the Canakkale (Dardanelles) Strait. At times when global (eustatic) sea level dropped below this sill, the surface of the SoM stabilized at its outlet and freshened. Thus this particular shoreline is interpreted as the edge of the most recent SoM lake that existed from about 75 ka bp to 12 ka bp. The freshening is observed in very light (-6 parts per thousand) values of delta O-18 measured on freshwater molluscs and the complete absence of foraminifera. Two brief lacustrine episodes during MIS-5 suggest that the level of the Canakkale outlet might have been as shallow as -50 m in the past, a likelihood supported by submerged terraces along its margins bounding the modern central channel and the presence of an euryhaline biofacies in Unit L4.1 corresponding to MIS-5b. delta O-18 profiles and carbon-14 dating show that salinification of the SoM and the blossoming of bioherms evolved rapidly after the latest connection with the Mediterranean at 12 ka bp. However, freshening proceeded more slowly once the connection was severed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2009.06.011},
	author = {Cagatay, M. N. and Eris, K. and Ryan, W. B. F. and Sancar, U. and Polonia, A. and Akcer, S. and Biltekin, D. and Gasperini, L. and Gorur, N. and Lericolais, G. and Bard, E.}
}
@article {1844,
	title = {A Late Prehistoric Bison Processing Camp in the Central Plains: Montana Creek East (14JW46)},
	journal = {Plains Anthropologist},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1999},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {217-236},
	author = {Ritterbush, Lauren W. and Logan, Brad}
}
@article {1845,
	title = {Marine shellfish harvest on Middle and Late Holocene Santa Barbara Island, California},
	journal = {California Archaeology},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2077},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {109-123},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Horton, Kristina}
}
@article {419,
	title = {A multi-proxy paleolimnological reconstruction of Holocene climate conditions in the Great Basin, United States},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {72},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 880Y},
	pages = {347-358},
	abstract = {A sediment core spanning ~{\textdagger}7000{\textdagger}cal yr BP recovered from Stella Lake, a small sub-alpine lake located in Great Basin National Park, Nevada, was analyzed for subfossil chironomids (non-biting midges), diatoms, and organic content (estimated by loss-on-ignition (LOI)). Subfossil chironomid analysis indicates that Stella Lake was characterized by a warm, middle Holocene, followed by a cool "Neoglacial" period, with the last two millennia characterized by a return to warmer conditions. Throughout the majority of the core the Stella Lake diatom-community composition is dominated by small, periphytic taxa which are suggestive of shallow, cool, alkaline, oligotrophic waters with extensive seasonal ice cover. A reconstruction of mean July air temperature (MJAT) was developed by applying a midge-based inference model for MJAT (two-component WA-PLS) consisting of 79 lakes and 54 midge taxa (rjack2{\textdagger}={\textdagger}0.55, RMSEP{\textdagger}={\textdagger}0.9$\infty$C). Comparison of the chironomid-inferred temperature record to existing regional paleoclimate reconstructions suggests that the midge-inferred temperatures correspond well to regional patterns. This multi-proxy record provides valuable insight into regional Holocene climate and environmental conditions by providing a quantitative reconstruction of peak Holocene warmth and aquatic ecosystem response to these changes in the Great Basin, a region projected to experience increased aridity and higher temperatures.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2009.06.003},
	author = {Reinemann, Scott A. and Porinchu, David F. and Bloom, Amy M. and Mark, Bryan G. and Box, Jason E.}
}
@inbook {1384,
	title = {The nature and origin of decadal to millennial scale climate variability in the southern tropics of South America},
	booktitle = {Past Climate Variability from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene in South America and Surrounding Regions},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 843},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {301-322},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	author = {Baker, P. A. and Fritz, S. C. and Burns, S. J. and Ekdahl, E. and Rigsby, C. A.},
	editor = {Vimeux, F.}
}
@inbook {1402,
	title = {A Paleocoastal Shell Midden at Seal Cave (CA-SMI-604), San Miguel Island, California},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh California Islands Symposium},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2075},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {33-42},
	publisher = {Institute for Wildlife Studies},
	organization = {Institute for Wildlife Studies},
	address = {Arcata, CA},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Braje, Todd J. and Rick, Torben C. and Davis, Troy and Southon, Troy},
	editor = {Damiani, Christine C.}
}
@article {525,
	title = {Paleolimnological records of recent glacier recession in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda-D. R. Congo},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2048; PT: J; UT: WOS:000262651500002},
	pages = {253-271},
	abstract = {The status of tropical glaciers is enormously important to our understanding of past, present, and future climate change, yet lack of continuous quantitative records of alpine glacier extent on the highest mountains of tropical East Africa prior to the 20th century has left the timing and drivers of recent glacier recession in the region equivocal. Here we investigate recent changes (the last 150-700 years) in lacustrine sedimentation, glacier extent, and biogeochemical processes in the Rwenzori Mountains (Uganda- Democratic Republic of Congo) by comparing sedimentological (organic and siliciclastic component determined by loss-on-ignition; LOI) and organic geochemical profiles (carbon and nitrogen abundance, ratio, and isotopic composition of sedimentary organic matter) from lakes occupying presently glaciated catchments against similar profiles from lakes located in catchments lacking glaciers. The siliciclastic content of sediments in the {\textquoteright}glacial lakes{\textquoteright} significantly decreases towards the present, whereas {\textquoteright}non-glacial lakes{\textquoteright} generally show weak trends in their siliciclastic content over time, demonstrating that changes in the siliciclastic content of glacial lake sediments primarily record fluctuations in glacier extent. Radiometric dating of our sediment cores indicates that prior to their late 19th-century recession Rwenzori glaciers stood at expanded {\textquoteright}Little Ice Age{\textquoteright} positions for several centuries under a regionally dry climate regime, and that recession was underway by 1870 AD, during a regionally wet episode. These findings suggest that the influence of late 19th century reductions in precipitation in triggering Rwenzori glacier recession is weaker than previously thought. Our organic geochemical data indicate that glacier retreat has significantly affected carbon cycling in Afroalpine lakes, but trends in aquatic ecosystem functioning are variable among lakes and require more detailed analysis.},
	issn = {0921-2728},
	doi = {10.1007/s10933-008-9224-4},
	author = {Russell, J. and Eggermont, H. and Taylor, R. and Verschuren, D.}
}
@article {330,
	title = {Pleistocene Megafaunal Collapse, Novel Plant Communities, and Enhanced Fire Regimes in North America},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {326},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 769; 521UW Times Cited:4 Cited References Count:30Y},
	pages = {1100-1103},
	abstract = {Although the North American megafaunal extinctions and the formation of novel plant communities are well-known features of the last deglaciation, the causal relationships between these phenomena are unclear. Using the dung fungus Sporormiella and other paleoecological proxies from Appleman Lake, Indiana, and several New York sites, we established that the megafaunal decline closely preceded enhanced fire regimes and the development of plant communities that have no modern analogs. The loss of keystone megaherbivores may thus have altered ecosystem structure and function by the release of palatable hardwoods from herbivory pressure and by fuel accumulation. Megafaunal populations collapsed from 14,800 to 13,700 years ago, well before the final extinctions and during the Bolling-Allerod warm period. Human impacts remain plausible, but the decline predates Younger Dryas cooling and the extraterrestrial impact event proposed to have occurred 12,900 years ago.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1179504},
	author = {Gill, J. L. and Williams, J. W. and Jackson, S. T. and Lininger, K. B. and Robinson, G. S.}
}
@article {444,
	title = {Regional beryllium-10 production rate calibration for late-glacial northeastern North America},
	journal = {Quaternary Geochronology},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2034; PT: J; UT: WOS:000265163500003},
	pages = {93-107},
	abstract = {The major uncertainty in relating cosmogenic-nuclide exposure ages to ages measured by other dating methods comes from extrapolating nuclide production rates measured at globally scattered calibration sites to the sites of unknown age that are to be dated. This uncertainty can be reduced by locating production rate calibration sites that are similar in location and age to the sites to be dated. We use this strategy to reconcile exposure age and radiocarbon deglaciation chronologies for northeastern North America by compiling (10)Be production rate calibration measurements from independently dated late-glacial and early Holocene ice-marginal landforms in this region. 10Be production rates measured at these sites are 6-12\% lower than predicted by the commonly accepted global 10Be calibration data set used with any published production rate scaling scheme. In addition, the regional calibration data set shows significantly less internal scatter than the global calibration data set. Thus, this calibration data set can be used to improve both the precision and accuracy of exposure dating of regional late-glacial events. For example, if the global calibration data set is used to calculate exposure ages, the exposure-age deglaciation chronology for central New England is inconsistent with the deglaciation chronology inferred from radiocarbon dating and varve stratigraphy. We show that using the regional data set instead makes the exposure age and radiocarbon chronologies consistent. This increases confidence in correlating exposure ages of ice-marginal landforms in northeastern North America with glacial and climate events dated by other means. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1871-1014},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quageo.2008.09.001},
	author = {Balco, Greg and Briner, Jason and Finkel, Robert C. and Rayburn, John A. and Ridge, John C. and Schaefer, Joerg M.}
}
@article {316,
	title = {Southern Ocean evidence for reduced export of North Atlantic Deep Water during Heinrich event 1},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 817; 414CT Times Cited:2 Cited References Count:40; YY},
	pages = {195-198},
	abstract = {Deep-sea corals form unique, high-resolution archives of ocean circulation that can be dated using the decay of uranium to thorium. They are abundant in the Southern Ocean, and can provide unprecedented insights into ocean circulation and ocean chemistry on sub-millennial time scales in areas where application of traditional paleoceanographic proxies is difficult. Here we present the first coupled neodymium (Nd) isotope and radiocarbon data from deep-sea corals in the Drake Passage (Southern Ocean) adding new constraints on ocean circulation during the last Heinrich event (H1; 16.7 ka). The modern-day Drake Passage water column is homogeneous with respect to Nd isotopes (expressed in epsilon units, e Nd). Its isotopic value of close to -9 is largely controlled by the mixture of North Atlantic Deep Water and Pacific Deep Water. The aragonite of modern Drake Passage corals reflects this water-column value, whereas a fossil coral from H1 is significantly higher at -6.4 +/- 0.4. We interpret this similar to 2.5 epsilon unit shift as a reduction in the influence of North Atlantic-sourced Nd in the Southern Ocean during H1. This interpretation is supported by a series of radiocarbon analyses on the same sample, and is consistent with a twofold or greater reduction in export of North Atlantic waters from the Atlantic Basin. Combining analyses of radiocarbon and Nd isotopes on U-series dated deep-sea coral skeletons holds great potential for quantification of past ocean ventilation rates.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G25363a1},
	author = {Robinson, L. F. and van de Flierdt, T.}
}
@article {1848,
	title = {Submarine canyon and fan systems of the California Continental Borderland},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Special Papers},
	volume = {454},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 878; 10.1130/2009.2454(2.7)},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {141-168},
	abstract = {Late Quaternary turbidite and related gravity-flow deposits have accumulated in basins of the California Borderland under a variety of conditions of sediment supply and sea-level stand. The northern basins (Santa Barbara, Santa Monica, and San Pedro) are closed and thus trap virtually all sediment supplied through submarine canyons and smaller gulley systems along the basin margins. The southern basins (Gulf of Santa Catalina and San Diego Trough) are open, and, under some conditions, turbidity currents flow from one basin to another. Seismic-reflection profiles at a variety of resolutions are used to determine the distribution of late Quaternary turbidites. Patterns of turbidite-dominated deposition during lowstand conditions of oxygen isotope stages 2 and 6 are similar within each of the basins. Chronology is provided by radiocarbon dating of sediment from two Ocean Drilling Program sites, the Mohole test-drill site, and large numbers of piston cores. High-resolution, seismic-stratigraphic frameworks developed for Santa Monica Basin and the open southern basins show rapid lateral shifts in sediment accumulation on scales that range from individual lobe elements to entire fan complexes. More than half of the submarine fans in the Borderland remain active at any given position of relative sea level. Where the continental shelf is narrow, canyons are able to cut headward during sea-level transgression and maintain sediment supply to the basins from rivers and longshore currents during highstands. Rivers with high bedload discharge transfer sediment to submarine fans during both highstand and lowstand conditions.},
	author = {Normark, William R. and Piper, David J. W. and Romans, Brian W. and Covault, Jacob A. and Dartnell, Peter and Sliter, Ray W.}
}
@article {450,
	title = {Surculichnus bifurcauda n. igen., n. isp., a trace fossil from Late Pleistocene glaciolacustrine varves of the Connecticut River Valley, USA, attributed to notostracan crustaceans based on neoichnological experimentation},
	journal = {Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology},
	volume = {272},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2036; PT: J; UT: WOS:000264010000008},
	pages = {232-239},
	abstract = {New trace fossils found in the Late Pleistocene glaciolacustrine varves of the Connecticut River Valley, Vermont, USA represent the first known notostracan presence in glacial Lake Hitchcock. These unique trace fossils warrant a new ichnogenus and ichnospecies Surculichnus bifurcauda. The New England Varve Chronology (NEVC) constrains the initial presence of S. bifurcauda at similar to 13.3-13.2 kyr. The morphology of S. bifurcauda correlates well with notostracan characteristics and behavior. Sieving of bedding planes that contained S. bifurcauda produced one chitinous fossil that is suggestive of a notostracan telson. Neoichnological experimentation was conducted with the species Triops longicaudatus. During the subadult stage, T longicaudatus produced traces representative of locomotion and feeding behaviors, and at the adult stage reproduced S. bifurcauda, as well as Rusophycus. Possible explanations for the productions of these traces are egg laying or predation behaviors that are both related to maturity. Further research in the paleo- and modern ecology of glacial and nearctic lakes may shed more light on the maker of S. bifurcauda. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.10.013},
	author = {Knecht, Richard J. and Benner, Jacob S. and Rogers, Christopher and Ridge, John C.}
}
@article {449,
	title = {Timing of post-glacial reinhabitation and ecological development of two New England, USA, drainages based on trace fossil evidence},
	journal = {Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology},
	volume = {272},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2035; PT: J; UT: WOS:000264010000007},
	pages = {212-231},
	abstract = {Trace fossils as paleoecological and paleobiogeographical tools in Pleistocene glaciolacustrine sediments have been largely ignored. Combining high resolution varve stratigraphy with trace fossil data can lead to refined paleoenvironmental interpretations during times of rapid climate change. Based on trace fossils from glaciolacustrine varves in the Connecticut and Merrimack River valleys, a new timeline for the reinhabitation of New England by fish and associated invertebrates has been constructed. In addition, it appears that colonization of the recently deglaciated environments occurred in at least four successional stages. If these stages can be recognized elsewhere, it may be possible to accurately model other postglacial migrations using trace fossils and varve chronostratigraphy. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.10.029},
	author = {Benner, Jacob S. and Ridge, John C. and Knecht, Richard J.}
}
@article {344,
	title = {A trans-Holocene archaeological record of Guadalupe fur seals (Arctocephalus townsendi) on the California coast},
	journal = {Marine Mammal Science},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2061; PT: J; UT: WOS:000265228700018},
	pages = {487-502},
	issn = {0824-0469},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00273.x},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and DeLong, Robert L. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Braje, Todd J. and Jones, Terry L. and Kennett, Douglas J. and Wake, Thomas A. and Walker, Phillip L.}
}
@article {1840,
	title = {Using foraminifera to recognize former flood-tide deltas in the Holocene stratigraphic record: examples from the Outer Banks, North Carolina},
	journal = {Stratigraphy},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 851},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {61-78},
	author = {Smith, C. G. and Culver, S. J. and Mallinson, D. J. and Riggs, S. R. and Corbett, D. R.}
}
@article {319,
	title = {3500 yr record of centennial-scale climate variability from the Western Pacific Warm Pool},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1894; ISI Document Delivery No.: 357HB Times Cited: 1 Cited Reference Count: 36 Cited References: ALDRIAN E, 2003, INT J CLIMATOL, V23, P1435, DOI 10.1002/joc.950 ALTABET MA, 1994, GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY, V8, P103 ALTABET MA, 2001, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V46, P368 ARRUDA WZ, 2003, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V33, P2815 BRANDES JA, 1998, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V43, P1680 BRANDES JA, 2002, GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICA, V16 CASCIOTTI KL, 2002, ANAL CHEM, V74, P4905, DOI 10.1021/ac020113w CHRISTIAN JR, 2004, DEEP-SEA RES PT II, V51, P209, DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.06.002 DEUTSCH C, 2007, NATURE, V445, P163, DOI 10.1038/nature05392 GANESHRAM RS, 2000, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V15, P361 GRANGER J, 2004, EOS T AM GEOPHYS U S, V85 GRANGER J, 2004, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V49, P1763 HAUG GH, 1998, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V13, P427 HAUG GH, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P1304 HODELL DA, 2005, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V24, P1413, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.013 LIU KK, 1989, LIMNOL OCEANOGR, V34, P820 MAKOU MC, 2007, ORG GEOCHEM, V38, P1680, DOI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.06.003 MARIOTTI A, 1981, PLANT SOIL, V62, P413 MASUMOTO Y, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V28, P1631 MIDDELBURG JJ, 1990, GEOL ULTRIECTIN, V71, P177 MOY CM, 2002, NATURE, V420, P162 NEWTON A, 2006, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V33, ARTN L19710 REIN B, 2004, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V31, ARTN L17211 REIN B, 2005, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V20, ARTN PA4003 REYNOLDS RW, 1994, J CLIMATE, V7, P929 RODBELL DT, 1999, SCIENCE, V283, P516 SIGMAN DM, 2003, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V4, ARTN 1040 SIGMAN DM, 2005, GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY, V19, ARTN GB4022 STOTT L, 2004, NATURE, V431, P56, DOI 10.1038/nature02903 STREETPERROTT FA, 1997, SCIENCE, V278, P1422 THUNELL R, 2004, GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICA, V18, UNSP GB3001 UEKI I, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V108, ARTN 3243 VANAKEN HMV, 1988, NETHERLANDS J SEA RE, V22, P403, DOI 10.1016/0077-7579(88)90011-7 VANDERWEIJDEN CH, 1989, NETH J SEA RES, V24, P583 VANRIEL PM, 1943, OCEANOGRAPHIC RESU 5, V2 WYRTKI K, 1961, NAGA REPORT, V2 Langton, S. J. Linsley, B. K. Robinson, R. S. Rosenthal, Y. Oppo, D. W. Eglinton, T. I. Howe, S. S. Djajadihardja, Y. S. Syamsudin, F. U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE-0502550, OCE-0502504, OCE-052960] This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (grants OCE-0502550, OCE-0502504, and OCE-052960). We thank the captain, crew, technicians, and the scientific crew who helped with sample collection on the R/V Baruna Jaya VIII. Geological soc amer, inc Boulder; YY},
	pages = {795-798},
	abstract = {We use geochemical data from a sediment core in the shallow-silled and intermittently dysoxic Kau Bay in Halmahera (Indonesia, lat 1 degrees N, long 127.5 degrees E) to reconstruct century-scale climate variability within the Western Pacific Warm Pool over the past similar to 3500 yr. Downcore variations in bulk sedimentary delta N-15 appear to reflect century-scale variability in basin ventilation, attributed to changes in oceanographic conditions related to century-scale fluctuations in El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We infer an increase in century-scale El Nino activity beginning ca. 1700 yr B.P. with peaks in El Nino activity ca. 1500 yr B.P., 1150 yr B.P., and ca. 700 yr B.P. The Kau Bay results suggest that there was diminished ENSO amplitude or frequency, or a departure from El Nino-like conditions during the Medieval Warm Period, and distinctive, but steadily decreasing, El Nino activity during and after the Little Ice Age.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/g24926a.1},
	author = {Langton, S. J. and Linsley, B. K. and Robinson, R. S. and Rosenthal, Y. and Oppo, D. W. and Eglinton, T. I. and Howe, S. S. and Djajadihardja, Y. S. and Syamsudin, F.}
}
@article {536,
	title = {Accelerator mass spectrometry C-14 determination in CO2 produced from laser decomposition of aragonite},
	journal = {Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1891; 370OU Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:16Y},
	pages = {3443-3449},
	abstract = {The determination of C-14 in aragonite (CaCO3) decomposed thermally to CO2 using an yttrium-aluminum-garnet doped neodymium laser is reported. Laser decomposition accelerator mass spectrometry (LD-AMS) measurements reproduce AMS determinations of C-14 from the conventional reaction of aragonite with concentrated phosphoric acid. The lack of significant differences between these sets of measurements indicates that LD-AMS radiocarbon dating can overcome the significant fractionation that has been observed during stable isotope (C and O) laser decomposition analysis of different carbonate minerals. The laser regularly converted nearly 30\% of material removed into CO2 despite it being optimized for ablation, where laser energy breaks material apart rather than chemically altering it. These results illustrate promise for using laser decomposition on the front-end of AMS systems that directly measure CO2 gas. The feasibility of such measurements depends on (1) the improvement of material removal and/or CO2 generation efficiency of the laser decomposition system and (2) the ionization efficiency of AMS systems measuring continuously flowing CO2 Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	issn = {0951-4198},
	doi = {10.1002/Rcm.3745},
	author = {Rosenheim, B. E. and Thorrold, S. R. and Roberts, M. L.}
}
@article {254,
	title = {Antarctic sediment chronology by programmed-temperature pyrolysis: Methodology and data treatment},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1847; 284ON Times Cited:5 Cited References Count:27Y},
	abstract = {We report a detailed programmed-temperature pyrolysis/ combustion methodology for radiocarbon (C-14) dating of Antarctic sub-ice shelf sediments. The method targets the autochthonous organic component in sediments that contain a distribution of acid-insoluble organic components from several sources of different ages. The approach has improved sediment chronology in organic-rich sediments proximal to Antarctic ice shelves by yielding maximum age constraints significantly younger than bulk radiocarbon dates from the same sediment horizons. The method proves adequate in determining isotope ratios of the pre-aged carbon end-member; however, the isotopic compositions of the low-temperature measurements indicate that no samples completely avoided mixing with some proportion of pre-aged organic material. Dating the unresolved but desired young end-member must rely on indirect methods, but a simple mixing model cannot be developed without knowledge of the sedimentation rate or comparable constraints. A mathematical approach allowing for multiple mixing components yields a maximum likelihood age, a first-order approximation of the relative proportion of the autochthonous component, and the temperature at which allochthonous carbon begins to volatilize and mix with the autochthonous component. It is likely that our estimation of the cutoff temperature will be improved with knowledge of the pyrolysis kinetics of the major components. Chronology is improved relative to bulk acid-insoluble organic material ages from nine temperature interval dates down to two, but incorporation of inherently more pre-aged carbon in the first division becomes more apparent with fewer and larger temperature intervals.},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2007gc001816},
	author = {Rosenheim, B. E. and Day, M. B. and Domack, E. and Schrum, H. and Benthien, A. and Hayes, J. M.}
}
@article {274,
	title = {Biogeochemical characterization of carbon sources in the strickland and fly rivers, Papua New Guinea},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1870; 251HH Times Cited:4 Cited References Count:75Y},
	abstract = {[1] The highstanding islands of Oceania are recognized as a source of significant particulate organic carbon delivered to nearshore marine environments. The existing data on carbon export in Oceania are largely derived from small mountainous watersheds (},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2006jf000625},
	author = {Alin, S. R. and Aalto, R. and Go{\~n}i, M. A. and Richey, J. E. and Dietrich, W. E.}
}
@book {1372,
	title = {A canyon through time : archaeology, history, and ecology of the Tecolote Canyon area, Santa Barbara County, California},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1907},
	month = {2008},
	publisher = {University of Utah Press},
	organization = {University of Utah Press},
	address = {Salt Lake City},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Vellanoweth, Ren L.}
}
@article {526,
	title = {Catastrophic hurricane history revealed by organic geochemical proxies in coastal lake sediments: a case study of Lake Shelby, Alabama (USA)},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2037; PT: J; UT: WOS:000251730600010},
	pages = {117-131},
	abstract = {We developed a new method for reconstructing millennia-long hurricane records from coastal environments that uses Organic Geochemical Proxies (OGPs) of organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations and their delta C-13 and delta N-15 compositions. The new method is independent of presence/absence of sand layers and improves significantly the severe-storm history resolution. The subject of this investigation is a 1.5 m long sediment core raised at 2.8 m water depth from the center of Lake Shelby, Alabama, a freshwater lake located approximately 250 m from the Gulf of Mexico, from which an overwash sand-layer based record was previously derived. The core contains two distinct sediment units; an upper 62 cm thick, fine-grained, organic-rich lacustrine sapropel (gyttja) that shows no visible structures except one sand lamina at 23.7 cm depth, and an underlying 90 cm thick, organic-poor lagoon/estuary clay unit. The sapropel unit was deposited over a 682 +/- 30 cal year time interval (1320-2002 A.D.) with a mean sedimentation rate of 0.79 +/- 0.04 mm/year. Lake Shelby{\textquoteright}s water column exhibits two contrasting states based on water chemistry surveys (i) an "isolated", stratified, mode under calm weather conditions with a relatively low trophic state, and (ii) a "flooded" mode occurring during storm surges when nutrient-rich seawater floods the lake. Statistically significant delta C-13 and delta N-15 positive excursions in organic matter, up to maximum values of -25 (parts per thousand PDB) and 4 (parts per thousand Air N-2), respectively, are interpreted as geochemical responses to the marine intrusions that fertilize the lake, increase light availability, and cause eutrophication spikes. Detailed OGPs analyses crossing a sand layer that offers visual evidence of a catastrophic hurricane overwash event at 1717 A.D. exhibit large delta C-13 and delta N-15 positive shifts bounded by rapid returns to base values, thus confirming the validity of the hurricane identification by the OGPs model. Our data indicate that 11 catastrophic hurricanes hit the Alabama coast over the past 682 years with a rough recurrence interval of one in 62 years.},
	issn = {0921-2728},
	doi = {10.1007/s10933-007-9101-6},
	author = {Lambert, W. Joe and Aharon, Paul and Rodriguez, Antonio B.}
}
@article {400,
	title = {Determination of biodiesel blending percentages using natural abundance radiocarbon analysis: Testing the accuracy of retail biodiesel blends},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1864; 281JN Times Cited:3 Cited References Count:39; YY},
	pages = {2476-2482},
	abstract = {Blends of biodiesel and petrodiesel are being used increasingly worldwide. Due to several factors, inaccurate blending of these two mixtures can occur. To test the accuracy of biodiesel blending, we developed and validated a radiocarbon-based method and then analyzed a variety of retail biodiesel blends. Error propagation analysis demonstrated that this method calculates absolute blend content with +/- 1\% accuracy, even when real-world variability in the component biodiesel and petrodiesel sources is taken into account. We independently confirmed this accuracy using known endmembers and prepared mixtures. This is the only published method that directly quantifies the carbon of recent biological origin in biodiesel blends. Consequently, it robustly handles realistic chemical variability in biological source materials and provides unequivocal apportionment of renewable versus nonrenewable carbon in a sample fuel blend. Analysis of retail biodiesel blends acquired in 2006 in the United States revealed that inaccurate blending happens frequently. Only one out of ten retail samples passed the specifications that the United States Department of Defense requires for blends that are 20\% biodiesel (v/v; referred to as B20).},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/Es071814j},
	author = {Reddy, C. M. and DeMello, J. A. and Carmichael, C. A. and Peacock, E. E. and Xu, L. and Arey, J. S.}
}
@article {305,
	title = {Dogs, humans and island ecosystems: the distribution, antiquity and ecology of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) on California{\textquoteright}s Channel Islands, USA},
	journal = {Holocene},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2063; PT: J; UT: WOS:000260339000006},
	pages = {1077-1087},
	abstract = {Archaeologists have made significant contributions to our understanding of ancient island environments, including the timing and implications of the introduction of non-native animals (pigs, chickens, rats, etc.) by humans. Here, we focus on the historical ecology and biogeography of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) on California{\textquoteright}s Channel Islands during the Holocene. Dogs are the only animal known unequivocally to have been introduced by Native Americans to the islands, but relatively little is known about their distribution, antiquity or influence on native island fauna and flora. We identified a minimum of 96 dogs from 42 archaeological sites on six of the eight islands. Dogs were present for at least 6000 years and appear to have increased in abundance through time. Our analysis suggests that dogs, along with humans and island foxes (Urocyon littoralis), would have had an impact on native animals and ecosystems, especially breeding birds and marine mammals, togs and island foxes likely competed with one another for food, however, and the impacts of dogs on island ecosystems may have been reduced by the presence of island foxes and the symbiotic relationship between dogs and humans. Dogs have been removed from all but one of the islands today, eliminating one of the few terrestrial carnivores present for most of the Holocene.},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683608095579},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Walker, Phillip L. and Willis, Lauren M. and Noah, Anna C. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Vellanoweth, Rene L. and Braje, Todd J. and Kennett, Douglas J.}
}
@mastersthesis {1332,
	title = {The Effects of Ice Shelf Break-up on Changes in Particulate Carbon Distribution and Composition, Examples from the Larsen System, Antarctica},
	volume = {Dissertation/Thesis},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008},
	school = {Hamilton College},
	address = {Clinton, New York},
	author = {Roe, K. M.}
}
@conference {1625,
	title = {Environmental Factors Controlling Community Structure, Morphology and Linear Extension of Mid-Holocene Reef Corals from Ca{\~n}ada Honda, Southwestern, Dominican Republic},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1979},
	month = {2008},
	abstract = {The Ca{\~n}ada Honda (CH) fossil coral reef, located in SW Dominican Republic, provides a unique opportunity to examine reef accretion in a high-sedimentation environment between 9.0-5.0 ky ago. Annual linear extension of fossil corals was determined for comparison with data from modern coral reefs. The reef is characterized by the high abundance of sediment-tolerant coral species, their tendency to form almost monospecific stands and grow as domes-cones with ragged margins. Also, colonies of Montastraea faveolata commonly contain bands of sediment incorporated within their skeletons. Calibrated radiocarbon ages of fossil corals range from 9,256{\textpm}137 to 6,737{\textpm}94.5 BP. Correlation with Holocene sea-level curves indicates that most corals on CH developed at depths greater than 15m. Growth rates varied from 0.09-0.44 cm/yr and suggest reduced light penetration caused by coral growth at such depths. Reef sediment is characterized by more than 85\% carbonate material. A significant portion of the carbonate is allochtonous and was derived from nearby Neogene limestones. The reef was able to survive under these conditions because of the high carbonate content of incoming terrigenous sediment and that storms probably occurred sporadically providing intervening lowsedimentation periods during which reef corals could respond and grow back, {\textquotedblleft}keeping-up{\textquotedblright} with sedimentation.},
	keywords = {Caribbean, Holocene, ICRS11, Lessons from the past, linear extension, siltation},
	author = {Cuevas, D. and Sherman, C. and Ram{\'\i}rez, W. and Hubbard, D.}
}
@article {1874,
	title = {Forty years later: What have we learned about the earliest human occupations of Santa Rosa Island, California?},
	journal = {North American Archaeologist},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2078},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {37-64},
	author = {Reeder, Leslie A. and Rick, Torben C. and Erlandson, Jon M.}
}
@article {1871,
	title = {The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Holocene Series/Epoch (Quaternary System/Period) in the NGRIP ice core RID B-5560-2008 RID F-1111-2011},
	journal = {Episodes},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1988; PT: J; CT: 17th Congress of the International-Union-for-Quaternary-Research; CY: JUL 28-AUG 03, 2007; CL: Cairns, AUSTRALIA; SP: Int Union Quaternary Res; UT: WOS:000258669100017},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {264-267},
	abstract = {The Greenland ice core from NorthGRIP (NGRIP) contains a proxy climate record across the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary of unprecedented clarity and resolution. Analysis of an array of physical and chemical parameters within the ice enables the base of the Holocene, as reflected in the first signs of climatic warming at the end of the Younger Dryas/Greenland Stadial 1 cold phase, to be located with a high degree of precision. This climatic event is most clearly reflected in an. abrupt shaft in deuterium excess values, accompanied by more gradual changes in delta(18)O, dust concentration, a range of chemical species, and annual layer thickness. A timescale based on multi-parameter annual layer counting provides an age of 11,700 yr b2k (before AD2000) for the base of the Holocene, with, an estimated 2 sigma uncertainty of 99 yr: It is proposed that an archived core from this unique sequence should constitute the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Holocene Series/Epoch (Quaternary System/Period).},
	isbn = {0705-3797},
	author = {Walker, Mike and Johnsen, Sigfu{\textquoteright}s and Rasmussen, Sune Olander and Steffensen, Jorgen-Peder and Popp, Trevor and Gibbard, Philip and Hoek, Wim and Lowe, John and Andrews, John and Bjorck, Svante and Cwynar, Les and Hughen, Konrad and Kershaw, Peter and Kromer, Bernd and Litt, Thomas and Lowe, David J. and Nakagawa, Takeshi and Newnham, Rewi and Schwander, Jakob}
}
@article {321,
	title = {Holocene erosion of the Lesser Himalaya triggered by intensified summer monsoon},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 800; 247YL Times Cited:7 Cited References Count:27; YY},
	pages = {79-82},
	abstract = {Climate is one of the principal controls setting rates of continental erosion. Here we present the results of a provenance analysis of Holocene sediments from the Indus delta in order to assess climatic controls on erosion over millennial time scales. Bulk sediment Nd isotope analysis reveals a number of changes during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene (at 14-20,11-12 and 8-9 ka) away from erosion of the Karakoram and toward more sediment flux from the Himalaya. Radiometric Ar-Ar dating of muscovite and U-Pb dating of zircon sand grains indicate that the Lesser Himalaya eroded relatively more strongly than the Greater Himalaya as global climate warmed and the summer monsoon intensified after 14 ka. Monsoon rains appear to be the primary force controlling erosion across the western Himalaya, at least over millennial time scales. This variation is preserved with no apparent lag in sediments from the delta, but not in the deep Arabian Sea, due to sediment buffering on the continental shelf.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G24315a.1},
	author = {Clift, P. D. and Giosan, L. and Biusztajn, J. and Campbell, I. H. and Allen, C. and Pringle, M. and Tabrez, A. R. and Danish, M. and Rabbani, M. M. and Alizai, A. and Carter, A. and Lueckge, A.}
}
@article {306,
	title = {Holocene multidecadal- to millennial-scale hydrologic variability on the South American Altiplano},
	journal = {Holocene},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 842; ISI Document Delivery No.: 341ZR Times Cited: 1 Cited Reference Count: 49 Ekdahl, Erik J. Fritz, Sherilyn C. Baker, Paul A. Rigsby, Catherine A. Coley, KirstinY},
	pages = {867-876},
	abstract = {Precipitation on the South American Altiplano varies at a range of temporal scales. A long-term secular increase in moisture availability from the early/mid Holocene to the present, driven by increasing summer insolation resulting from precessional changes in the Earth{\textquoteright}s orbit, has been documented in earlier studies. However, higher frequency Holocene variability is not yet understood. Here we present high-resolution diatom assemblage data from two small Altiplano lakes, Lago Lagunillas and Lago Umayo, indicating changes in effective moisture in the southern tropical Andes at decadal, centennial and millennial timescales throughout the mid to late Holocene. A strong millennial-scale component, similar in pacing to periods of increased ice-rafted debris flux in the North Atlantic, is observed in both lake records, which suggests that regional precipitation and North Atlantic climate variability are coupled at these scales. The interpretation of the higher frequency variability is hampered by the small number of high-resolution continental and marine records for comparison.},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683608093524},
	author = {Ekdahl, E. J. and Fritz, S. C. and Baker, P. A. and Rigsby, C. A. and Coley, K.}
}
@article {486,
	title = {Human impacts on ancient shellfish: a 10,000 year record from San Miguel Island, California},
	journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2064; PT: J; UT: WOS:000257340000006},
	pages = {2144-2152},
	abstract = {We use measurements of more than 11,000 marine shells from 41 archaeological components to construct a 10,000 year record of human impacts on ancient mussel and abalone stocks on San Miguel Island, California. General reductions in the mean size of mussel and abalone shells gathered through time are attributed to growing human population and predation pressure. Based on comparison with historically documented changes in shellfish communities caused by the local extinction of sea otters in the 19th century, changes in mean shell size and the abundance of other shellfish species may have been facilitated by Native American predation on sea otters as early as 7500 years ago. Despite having measurable impacts on local ecosystems, Native Americans on San Miguel harvested huge quantities of shellfish throughout the Holocene. Such longterm harvests appear to have been sustained by an early emphasis on fishing at lower trophic levels, by periodically shifting village locations, and by intensifying the use of finfish and sea mammals through time. This pattern of "fishing up the food web" contrasts with many modern fisheries, suggesting that the study of ancient fisheries can help us better manage our own endangered coastal ecosystems. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0305-4403},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jas.2008.01.014},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Braje, Todd J. and Steinberg, Alexis and Vellanoweth, Rene L.}
}
@article {474,
	title = {The last reconnection of the Marmara Sea (Turkey) to the World Ocean: A paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic perspective},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {255},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 801; 370ED Times Cited:4 Cited References Count:104; YY},
	pages = {64-82},
	abstract = {During the late glacial, marine isotope Stage 2, the Marmara Sea transformed into a brackish lake as global sea-level fell below the sill in the Dardanelles Strait. A record of the basin{\textquoteright}s reconnection to the global ocean is preserved in its sediments permitting the extraction of the paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic history of the region. The goal of this study is to develop a high-resolution record of the lacustrine to marine transition of Marmara Sea in order to reconstruct regional and global climatic events at a millennia] scale. For this purpose, we mapped the paleoshorelines of Marmara Sea along the northern, eastern, and southern shelves at Cekmece. Prince Islands, and Imrali, using data from multibeam bathymetry, high-resolution subbottom profiling (chirp) and ten sediment cores. Detailed sedimentologic, biostratigraphic (foraminifers, mollusk, diatoms), X-ray fluorescence geochemical scanning, and oxygen and carbon stable isotope analyses correlated to a calibrated radiocarbon chronology provided evidence for cold and city conditions prior to 15 ka BP, warm conditions of the Bolling-Allerod from similar to 15 to 13 ka BP, a rapid marine incursion at 12 ka BP, still stand of Marmara Sea and sediment reworking of the paleoshorelines during the Younger Dryas at similar to 11.5 to 10.5 ka BP, and development of strong stratification and influx of nutrients as Black Sea waters spilled into Marmara Sea at 9.2 ka BR Stable environmental conditions developed in Marmara Sea after 6.0 ka BP as sea-level reached its present shoreline and the basin floors filled with sediments achieving their present configuration. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2008.07.005},
	author = {McHugh, C. M. G. and Gurung, D. and Giosan, L. and Ryan, W. B. F. and Mart, Y. and Sancar, U. and Burckle, L. and Cagatay, M. N.}
}
@article {503,
	title = {Late Holocene marine productivity changes in Northern Patagonia-Chile inferred from a multi-proxy analysis of Jacaf channel sediments},
	journal = {Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {80},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2117; PT: J; TC: 5; J9: ESTUAR COAST SHELF S; UT: WOS:000261562600002},
	pages = {314-322},
	abstract = {A multi-proxy approach based on organic (organic carbon, alkenones, and C/N) and inorganic geochemical proxies (biogenic opal, inorganic carbon, Fe, Ti, and Ca) preserved in the sediments of the Jacaf channel (CF7-PC33; 44 degrees 21{\textquoteright}S, 72 degrees 58{\textquoteright}W, 510 m water depth), Chilean fjords, yields evidence of major past productivity fluctuations in accordance with climatic changes over the last similar to 1800 years. The downcore record clearly shows two productivity/climate modes. The first period, prior to 900 cal yr BP, is characterized by decreased marine productivity and a reduced continental signal, pointing to diminished precipitation and runoff. In contrast, the second period between similar to 750 cal yr BP and the late 1800s (top of core) is illustrated by elevated productivity and an increased continental signal, suggesting higher precipitation and runoff. Both time intervals are separated by a relatively abrupt transition of similar to 150 years which roughly coincides with the beginning of the Little Ice Age. The increased content of freshwater diatoms and Chrysophyte cysts that characterize the last 200 years of the latter mode coincides with a significant decrease in the carbonate content of the sediment; together they further indicate increased terrigenous contributions and decreased marine carbonate productivity at the end of the Little Ice Age. The correspondence between our record and other paleoclimate studies carried out in South America and Antarctica demonstrates that the Chilean fjord area of Northern Patagonia is not just sensitive to local climatic variability but also to regional and possibly global variability. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0272-7714},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2008.08.016},
	author = {Rebolledo, Lorena and Sepulveda, Julio and Lange, Carina B. and Pantoja, Silvio and Bertrand, Sbastien and Hughen, Konrad and Figueroae, Dante}
}
@article {453,
	title = {Late Pleistocene freshwater fish (Cottidae) trackways from New England (USA) glacial lakes and a reinterpretation of the ichnogenus Broomichnium Kuhn},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {260},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2129},
	pages = {375-388},
	abstract = {New trace fossil material from Late Pleistocene glaciolacustrine varves of the Connecticut River Valley, New England, USA represent the first evidence of freshwater sculpin in glacial Lake Hitchcock. Paleobiogeographic data constrain the timing of the last reinhabitation of freshwater cottids from a Wisconsinan glacial refugium. Freshwater sculpin were present in the area of study by ~ 13.7 ky BP, moving approximately 400 km in 5000 yr, and following the ice margin at distances as close as 35 km. The trace fossils warrant erection of a new ichnospecies, Broomichnium flirii isp. nov. Comparison of this new ichnospecies to Broomichnium permianum reveals distinct similarities, and it is possible that the Permian examples of B. permianum also were made by fish, which would reconcile a long-running controversy. Many groups of fish are demersal and make ventral body contact with the substrate and could potentially leave similar traces. Identifying new forms of trace fossils made by fish that use alternative modes of locomotion will prove useful in paleoenvironmental interpretations.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.12.004},
	author = {Benner, Jacob S. and Ridge, John C. and Taft, Natalia K.}
}
@article {452,
	title = {Micropaleontologic record of late pliocene and quaternary paleoenvironments in the northern Albemarle embayment, North Carolina, USA},
	journal = {Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology},
	volume = {264},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 815; 331MZ Times Cited:2 Cited References Count:79Y},
	pages = {54-77},
	abstract = {Micropaleontological data provide a strong actualistic basis for detailed interpretations of Quaternary paleoenvironmental change. The 90 m-thick Quaternary record of the Albemarle Embayment in the mid-Atlantic coastal plain of the USA provides an excellent opportunity to use such an approach in a region where the details of Quaternary environmental change are poorly known. The foraminiferal record in nine cores from the northern Outer Banks, east of Albemarle Sound, North Carolina, indicates the deposition of subhorizontal, mostly open-marine early to late Pleistocene units unconformably upon a basement of late Pliocene reduced-oxygen, fine-grained, shelf-basin deposits. Pollen data record several warm-cool fluctuations within the early to mid-Pleistocene deposits. Diatom data indicate that some fresh and brackish-water units occur within the generally open-marine Pleistocene succession. A channel cut by the paleo-Roanoke River during the last glacial sea-level lowstand occurs in the northern part of the study area. Pollen indicates that the basal fluvial valley fill accumulated in cooler than modern climate conditions in the latest Pleistocene. Overlying silts and muds accumulated under cool climatic, estuarine conditions according to diatom and pollen data. Radiocarbon ages from the estuarine deposits indicate that the bulk of these sediments accumulated during the latest Pleistocene. The estuarine channel-fill deposits are overlain by Holocene open-marine sands deposited as the rising sea transgressed into the estuary approximately 8.5 to 9.0 kyr BR Within the barrier island drill cores of this study, fully marine sedimentation occurred throughout the Holocene. However, immediately west of the present barrier island, mid- to late Holocene estuarine deposits underlie the modern Albemarle Sound. The islands that currently form a continuous barrier across the mouth of Albemarle Sound have a complex history of Holocene construction and destruction and large portions of them may be less than 3 kyr old. The barrier island sands overlie open-marine sands of Colington Shoal in the north and to the south overlie fluvial and marine sand filling paleo-Roanoke tributary valleys. The Pleistocene sediments underlying the northern Outer Banks study area are mainly of open inner to midshelf origin. If, as is likely, sea level continues to rise, a return to such environmental conditions is likely in the near future. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.012},
	author = {Culver, S. J. and Farrell, K. M. and Mallinson, D. J. and Horton, B. P. and Willard, D. A. and Thieler, E. R. and Riggs, S. R. and Snyder, S. W. and Wehmiller, J. F. and Bernhardt, C. E. and Hillier, C.}
}
@article {298,
	title = {Mutation and evolutionary rates in adelie penguins from the antarctic},
	journal = {Plos Genetics},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1195; Millar, Craig D Dodd, Andrew Anderson, Jennifer Gibb, Gillian C Ritchie, Peter A Baroni, Carlo Woodhams, Michael D Hendy, Michael D Lambert, David M PLoS Genet. 2008 Oct 3;4(10):e1000209.2546446},
	pages = {e1000209},
	abstract = {Precise estimations of molecular rates are fundamental to our understanding of the processes of evolution. In principle, mutation and evolutionary rates for neutral regions of the same species are expected to be equal. However, a number of recent studies have shown that mutation rates estimated from pedigree material are much faster than evolutionary rates measured over longer time periods. To resolve this apparent contradiction, we have examined the hypervariable region (HVR I) of the mitochondrial genome using families of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) from the Antarctic. We sequenced 344 bps of the HVR I from penguins comprising 508 families with 915 chicks, together with both their parents. All of the 62 germline heteroplasmies that we detected in mothers were also detected in their offspring, consistent with maternal inheritance. These data give an estimated mutation rate (micro) of 0.55 mutations/site/Myrs (HPD 95\% confidence interval of 0.29-0.88 mutations/site/Myrs) after accounting for the persistence of these heteroplasmies and the sensitivity of current detection methods. In comparison, the rate of evolution (k) of the same HVR I region, determined using DNA sequences from 162 known age sub-fossil bones spanning a 37,000-year period, was 0.86 substitutions/site/Myrs (HPD 95\% confidence interval of 0.53 and 1.17). Importantly, the latter rate is not statistically different from our estimate of the mutation rate. These results are in contrast to the view that molecular rates are time dependent.},
	issn = {1553-7404 (Electronic) 1553-7390 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1000209},
	author = {Millar, C. D. and Dodd, A. and Anderson, J. and Gibb, G. C. and Ritchie, P. A. and Baroni, C. and Woodhams, M. D. and Hendy, M. D. and Lambert, D. M.}
}
@article {335,
	title = {Northern hemisphere controls on tropical southeast African climate during the past 60,000 years},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {322},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2047; PT: J; UT: WOS:000259902300046},
	pages = {252-255},
	abstract = {The processes that control climate in the tropics are poorly understood. We applied compound-specific hydrogen isotopes (delta D) and the TEX(86) (tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms) temperature proxy to sediment cores from Lake Tanganyika to independently reconstruct precipitation and temperature variations during the past 60,000 years. Tanganyika temperatures follow Northern Hemisphere insolation and indicate that warming in tropical southeast Africa during the last glacial termination began to increase similar to 3000 years before atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. delta D data show that this region experienced abrupt changes in hydrology coeval with orbital and millennial-scale events recorded in Northern Hemisphere monsoonal climate records. This implies that precipitation in tropical southeast Africa is more strongly controlled by changes in Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures and the winter Indian monsoon than by migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1160485},
	author = {Tierney, Jessica E. and Russell, James M. and Huang, Yongsong and Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe and Hopmans, Ellen C. and Cohen, Andrew S.}
}
@article {367,
	title = {Palaeoclimate - Tree rings floating on ice cores},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1984; PT: J; UT: WOS:000256433500013},
	pages = {218-219},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/ngeo167},
	author = {Reimer, Paula J. and Hughen, Konrad A.}
}
@article {399,
	title = {Radiocarbon-based assessment of fossil fuel-derived contaminant associations in sediments},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 881; 332HW Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:43Y},
	pages = {5428-5434},
	abstract = {Hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) are associated with natural organic matter (OM) in the environment via mechanisms such as sorption or chemical binding. The latter interactions are difficult to quantitatively constrain, as HOCs can reside in different OM pools outside of conventional analytical windows. Here, we exploited natural abundance variations in radiocarbon (C-14) to trace various fossil fuel-derived HOCs (C-14- free) within chemically defined fractions of contemporary OM (modern C-14 content) in 13 samples including marine and freshwater sediments and one dust and one soil sample. Samples were sequentially treated by solvent extraction followed by saponification. Radiocarbon analysis of the bulk sample and resulting residues was then performed. Fossil fuel-derived HOCs released by these treatments were quantified from an isotope mass balance approach as well as by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. For the majority of samples (n = 13), 98-100\% of the total HOC pool was solvent extractable. Nonextracted HOCs are only significant (29\% of total HOC pool) in one sample containing pp-2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)1,1,1-trichloroethane and its metabolites. The infrequency of significant incorporation of HOCs into nonextracted OM residues suggests that most HOCs are mobile and bioavailable in the environment and, as such, have a greater potential to exert adverse effects.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/Es800478x},
	author = {White, H. K. and Reddy, C. M. and Eclinton, T. I.}
}
@article {2445,
	title = {Radiocarbon-derived sedimentation rates in the Gulf of Mexico},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2008},
	note = {United States Mineral Management Service [1435-01-99-CT-30991]},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {2572-2576},
	abstract = {Sedimentation rates were determined for the northern Gulf of Mexico margin sediments at water depths ranging from 770 to 3560m, using radiocarbon determinations of organic matter. Resulting sedimentation rates ranged from 3 to 15 cm/kyr, decreasing with increasing water depth. These rates agree with long-term sedimentation rates estimated previously using stratigraphic methods, and with estimates of sediment delivery rates by the Mississippi River to the northern Gulf of Mexico, but are generally higher by 1-2 orders of magnitude than those estimated by (210)Pb(xs) methods. Near-surface slope sediments from 2737 to water depth in the Mississippi River fan were much older than the rest. They had minimum (14)C ages of 16-27 kyr and delta(13)C values ranging from -24 parts per thousand to -26.59 parts per thousand, indicating a terrestrial origin of organic matter. The sediments from this site were thus likely deposited by episodic mass wasting of slope sediment through the canyon, delineating the previously suggested main pathway of sediment and clay movement to abyssal Gulf sediments. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.},
	keywords = {accumulation, ATCHAFALAYA RIVER, cores, Gulf of Mexico, ice-sheet, Mass, Meltwater, MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA, Nepheloid layer transport, Organic carbon burial rates, radiocarbon, Sedimentation rates, TERRIGENOUS ORGANIC-MATTER, wasting},
	isbn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.07.005},
	author = {Santschi, P. H. and Rowe, G. T.}
}
@article {475,
	title = {Reply to Comment on "The timing and evolution of the post-glacial transgression across the Sea of Marmara shelf south of Istanbul" by Hiscott et al., Marine Geology 248, 228-236},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {254},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 784; 377ZE Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:33Y},
	pages = {230-236},
	abstract = {In their comment Hiscott and co-authors adhere rigidly to ages and sources for sedimentary units in the subsurface of the Marmara shelf that they have previously reported in their publications from 2002 through 2007. This adherence is in spite of a superior age-depth model from our 13 m-long sediment core that penetrated deeply into the deposits under consideration and in disregard to the results of subsequent more-detailed and full-coverage mapping of the region under scrutiny. The age revisions are dismissed by the authors of the comment as representing sediments severely disturbed during coring. We rebut this criticism. The Bosporus source attributed by them to the sedimentary units sampled and dated by us appears to be driven by their conception that the Black Sea had a persistent outflow prior to its two-way connection with Marmara. Irrespective of whether the outflow was persistent, our reply shows that the drawing of the isopachs of the sedimentary units by Hiscott and coauthors was accomplished in a fashion to promote the Bosporus source hypothesis regardless of the geographic limits of their survey. The ages assigned to the units are equally indeterminate because the cores used by them have missing core tops of unknown lengths that are not discussed in their publications. Furthermore, the sub-bottom reflectors at the sites where the reflectors were calibrated to their only core without a missing top are actually hidden by the finite width of the bottom reflecting wavelet. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2008.04.005},
	author = {Eris, K. K. and Ryan, W. B. F. and Cagatay, M. N. and Lericolais, G. and Sancar, U. and Menot, G. and Bard, E.}
}
@article {451,
	title = {Rock magnetic and geochemical record in a sediment core from the eastern Arabian Sea: Diagenetic and environmental implications during the late Quaternary},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {270},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {46-52},
	abstract = {Rock magnetic concentration, grain size and mineralogy parameters together with organic carbon, calcium carbonate, redox-sensitive elements, δ18O of Globigerinoides ruber and radiocarbon dating were carried out on a 445 cm long sediment core collected at 1380 m depth off Mangalore, southwestern margin of India. The top 290 cm sediments of the core correspond to the last 18 kaBP. The δ18O and magnetic records exhibit major events at \~{} 16 kaBP, 14.5 kaBP, 11.5 kaBP and 9.8/8.6 kaBP related to start and intensity of the summer monsoon and climate change, and are synchronous with that of the western Arabian Sea and North Atlantic. The sediments with high magnetic susceptibility correlate with high sedimentation rates. The sediments are dominated by fine-grained magnetite, but intervals of 1.2{\textendash}3.8 kaBP and 10{\textendash}13.5 kaBP were subjected to diagenetic changes, resulting in the dissolution of fine-grained magnetites and enrichment of redox-sensitive trace elements (Cu, Ni, Zn, V, Mo and U). The sediments between 290 cm and 445 cm correspond to 18{\textendash}27 kaBP and are characterized by distinct decrease in magnetic concentration, grain size and mineralogy parameters, high organic carbon, low concentrations of redox-sensitive trace elements and abundant pyritized tubules. The reductive diagenetic conditions indicated by rock magnetic properties are in contrast with the weak sub-oxic conditions revealed by low concentrations of trace elements in the sediments. The seasonal organic matter flux produced during the winter monsoon and moderate sedimentation rates favoured reductive diagenesis in the sediments at and below the last glacial maximum (LGM). Intermittent bioturbation, however, allowed oxidants to penetrate into the sediments, remobilized redox-sensitive trace elements into the water column and modified the primary geochemical signal of the sedimentary environment.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.08.011},
	author = {Rao, Venigalla Purnachandra and Kessarkar, Pratima Mohan and Patil, Shiva Kumar and Ahmad, Syed Masood}
}
@article {1873,
	title = {Sex and Symbolism: A Middle Holocene Phallic Artifact from Santa Rosa Island, California},
	journal = {Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2066},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {47-52},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Wolff, Christopher B.}
}
@article {460,
	title = {Software development for continuous-gas-flow AMS},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments \& Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {266},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2091; PT: J; CT: 9th European Conference on Accelerators in Applied Research and Technology; CY: SEP 03-07, 2007; CL: Florence, ITALY; SP: Univ Florence, Dept Phys, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl; UT: WOS:000257185600033},
	pages = {2233-2237},
	abstract = {The National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) Facility at Woods Hole Oceanographic institution is presently completing installation of a novel continuous-flow AMS system. A multi-year development of an AMS microwave gas ion source in collaboration with Atomic Energy Canada Limited (AECL), Chalk River, has preceded this final step of an implementation that is expected to add a new dimension to (14)C AMS. National Instruments, NIM, and CAMAC modules have been programmed with Lab-VIEW on a Windows XP platform to form the basis for data acquisition. In this paper we discuss possible applications and include simulations of expected data acquisition scenarios like real-time AMS analysis of chromatograms. Particular attention will have to be given to issues of synchronization between rapidly changing input amplitudes and signal processing cycles in hardware and software. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2008.03.001},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and Roberts, M. L. and W. J. Jenkins and Rosenheim, B. E. and McNichol, A. P. and Schneider, R. J.}
}
@article {266,
	title = {Abrupt climate change in southeast tropical Africa influenced by Indian monsoon variability and ITCZ migration},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1851; 201ZV Times Cited:4 Cited References Count:31Y},
	abstract = {The timing and magnitude of abrupt climate change in tropical Africa during the last glacial termination remains poorly understood. High-resolution paleolimnological data from Lake Tanganyika, Southeast Africa show that wind-driven seasonal mixing in the lake was reduced during the Younger Dryas, Inter-Allerod Cool Period, Older Dryas, and Heinrich Event 1, suggesting a weakened southwest Indian monsoon and a more southerly position of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone over Africa during these intervals. These events in Lake Tanganyika, coeval with millennial and centennial-scale climate shifts in the high latitudes, suggest that changes in ITCZ location and Indian monsoon strength are important components of abrupt global climate change and that their effects are felt south of the equator in Africa. However, we observe additional events in Lake Tanganyika of equal magnitude that are not correlated with high-latitude changes, indicating the potential for abrupt climate change to originate from within tropical systems.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2007gl029508},
	author = {Tierney, J. E. and Russell, J. M.}
}
@article {1894,
	title = {THE ANALYSIS OF STABLE ISOTOPES FROM CALIFORNIA COASTAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES: IMPLICATIONS FOR UNDERSTANDING HUMAN CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Society for California Archaeology},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 2079},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {29-33},
	author = {Robbins, John A. and Rick, Torben C.}
}
@book {1381,
	title = {The Archaeology and Historical Ecology of Late Holocene San Miguel Island},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1086},
	month = {2007},
	publisher = {Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California},
	organization = {Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California},
	address = {Los Angeles},
	author = {Rick, Torben C.}
}
@article {1350,
	title = {Are tsunamis always sedimentologically important events? A case study of sedimentological and geochemical analyses of coastal lagoons, Sri Lanka},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1144; Annual Meeting},
	month = {2007},
	publisher = {American Association of Petroleum Geologists Abstracts with Programs},
	address = {Long Beach, CA},
	author = {Jackson, K. L. and Rankey, E. C. and Eberli, G. P. and Amelung, F. and Andres, M. S. and Peterson, L. P. and Swart, P. K. and Jayasena, H. A. H. and Kehelpannala, K. V. W.}
}
@conference {1571,
	title = {Assessing environmental factors associated with changes in the growth rate of a bivalve mollusk species through the Holocene},
	booktitle = {First International Sclerochronology Conference},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1169},
	month = {2007},
	address = {St. Petersburg, FL USA},
	author = {Krause R.A, Jr. and Huntley, J. W. and Kowalewski, M. and Romanek, C. R. and Kaufmann, D. S. and Simoes, M. G.}
}
@article {1888,
	title = {Carbon export and cycling by the York, Tanana and Porcupine Rivers, Alaska, 2001-2005},
	journal = {Water Resources Res.},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1162},
	month = {2007},
	author = {Striegl, R. G. and Dornblaser, M. M. and Aiken, G. R. and Wickland, K. P. and Raymond, P. A.}
}
@article {461,
	title = {Caribbean sclerosponge radiocarbon measurements re-interpreted in terms of U/Th age models},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments \& Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {259},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 785; 182WV Times Cited:2 Cited References Count:30Y},
	pages = {474-478},
	abstract = {Previously unpublished AMS radiocarbon measurements of a sclerosponge from tongue of the ocean (TOTO), Bahamas, as well as preliminary data from an investigation of the radiocarbon records of sclerosponges living at different depths in the adjacent Bahamas basin, Exuma Sound, are interpreted in terms of U-series age models. The data are compared to an existing Caribbean sclerosponge radiocarbon bomb curve measured using standard gas proportional beta counting and used to interpret a Pb-210 age model. The Delta C-14 records from the sclerosponges illustrate a potential for use of radiocarbon both as a tracer of subsurface water masses or as an additional age constraint on recently sampled sclerosponges. By using an independent age model, this study lays the framework for utilizing sclerosponges from different locations in the tropics and subtropics and different depths within their wide depth range (0-250 m) to constrain changes in production of subtropical underwater in the Atlantic Ocean. This framework is significant because the proxy approach is necessary to supplement the short and coarse time series being used to constrain variability in the formation of Caribbean subtropical underwater, the return flow of a shallow circulation cell responsible for nearly 10\% of the heat transported poleward in the N. Atlantic. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.235},
	author = {Rosenheim, B. E. and Swart, P. K.}
}
@article {918,
	title = {Coastal subsistence and landscape evolution on Eastern Santa Rosa Island, California: perspectives from CA-SRI-667},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Society for California Archaeology},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 2080},
	pages = {53-54},
	author = {Wolff, Christopher B. and Aland, Amanda and Rick, Torben C.}
}
@article {565,
	title = {Computer simulation of MC-SNICS for performance improvements},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments \& Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {261},
	year = {2007},
	note = {200swTimes Cited:8Cited References Count:8},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {588-593},
	abstract = {Increasing ion source current output while keeping the beam emittance small is a key for improving measurement throughput and quality of an accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) system. The NEC MC-SNICS ion sources have widely been used for AMS around the world. In this work, a computer simulation study on MC-SNICS ion source was carried out using the code PBGUNS. The primary Cs+ beam is simulated as space-charge limited emission from the ionizer surface. The secondary negative ion beam is simulated in the presence of the space-charge induced by both the primary and the secondary beam. Two different configurations of the MC-SNICS have been studied: the original factory version and the UC Irvine modified version. The latter has a 0.668 in. radius spherical ionizer and an immersion lens at cathode potential with the original Cs focus lens removed. Simulation showed that the modified version provides more intense and better focused Cs+ beam at the cathode target, hence higher negative ion production from the sample by sputtering. The new arrangement of Einzel-preacceleration section of the MC-SNICS at UC Irvine was also simulated and discussed. Simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental observations made at UC Irvine. Hints for selection of an immersion lens geometry have been obtained. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0168-583x},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2007.03.060},
	author = {Han, B. X. and Southon, J. R. and Roberts, M. L. and von Reden, K. F.}
}
@article {928,
	title = {Detection of silica-mediated dissolution of magnetic grains in sediments using FORC diagrams},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2007},
	note = {182vvTimes Cited:3Cited References Count:8},
	month = {Jun 20},
	abstract = {Recently silica-mediated dissolution has been recognized as a potentially important factor influencing magnetic studies of marine and lacustrine sediments. Although direct evidence for the dissolution of magnetic particles in silica-rich environments is lacking, the process is expected to produce changes in the magnetic grain-size distribution, a hypothesis that is tested in this study on sediments from Lake Tanganyika, East Africa, using First Order Reversal Curves (FORCs). Results from different magnetic intensity zones within the studied samples clearly show changes in the grain-size distribution of magnetic minerals. In particular, zones with high biogenic silica content (BSi) correlated with depletion in fine-grained magnetic material, whereas zones with lower BSi showed no depletion. These results are consistent with the idea that silica-mediated dissolution results in the preferential removal of fine-grained magnetic material, and indicate that FORC diagrams are effective in characterizing silica-mediated dissolution in sediments.},
	keywords = {dissolution, FORC},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2007GL029984},
	author = {Wetter, L. and Verosub, K. and Russell, J.}
}
@article {462,
	title = {Electromagnetic field modeling and ion optics calculations for a continuous-flow AMS system},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments \& Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {259},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1698; 182WV Times Cited:6 Cited References Count:14},
	pages = {111-117},
	abstract = {A continuous-flow C-14 AMS (CFAMS) system is under construction at the NOSAMS facility. This system is based on a NEC Model 1.5SDH-10.5 MV Pelletron accelerator and will utilize a combination of a microwave ion source (MIS) and a charge exchange canal (CXC) to produce negative carbon ions from a continuously flowing stream Of CO2 gas. For high-efficiency transmission of the large emittance, large energy-spread beam from the ion source unit, a large-acceptance and energy-achromatic injector consisting of a 45 degrees electrostatic spherical analyzer (ESA) and a 90 degrees double-focusing magnet has been designed. The 45 degrees ESA is rotatable to accommodate a 134-sample MC-SNICS as a second ion source. The high-energy achromat (90 degrees double focusing magnet and 90 degrees ESA) has also been customized for large acceptance. Electromagnetic field modeling and ion optics calculations of the beamline were done with Infolytica MagNet, ElecNet, and Trajectory Evaluator. PBGUNS and SIMION were used for the modeling of ion source unit. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Nimb.2007.01.224},
	author = {Han, B. X. and von Reden, K. F. and Roberts, M. L. and Schneider, R. J. and Hayes, J. M. and W. J. Jenkins}
}
@article {403,
	title = {Evaluation of gas chromatographic isotope fractionation and process contamination by carbon in compound-specific radiocarbon analysis},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 615; 140ID Times Cited:11 Cited References Count:32},
	pages = {2042-2049},
	abstract = {The relevance of both modern and fossil carbon contamination as well as isotope fractionation during preparative gas chromatography for compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) was evaluated. Two independent laboratories investigated the influence of modern carbon contamination in the sample cleanup procedure and preparative capillary gas chromatography (pcGC) of a radiocarbon-dead 3,3{\textquoteright},4,4{\textquoteright},5,5{\textquoteright}-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 169) reference. The isolated samples were analyzed for their C-14/C-12 ratio by accelerator mass spectrometry. Sample Delta C-14 values of -996 +/- 20 and -985 +/- 20\% agreed with a Delta C-14 of -995 +/- 20\% for the unprocessed PCB 169, suggesting that no significant contamination by nonfossil carbon was introduced during the sample preparation process at either laboratory. A reference compound containing a modern C-14/C-12 ratio (vanillin) was employed to evaluate process contamination from fossil C. No negative bias due to fossil C was observed (sample Delta C-14 value of 165 +/- 20\% agreed with Delta C-14 of 155 +/- 12\% for the unprocessed vanillin). The extent of isotopic fractionation that can be induced during pcGC was evaluated by partially collecting the vanillin model compound of modern C-14/C-12 abundance. A significant change in the delta C-13 and delta C-14 values was observed when only parts of the eluting peak were collected (delta C-13 values ranged from -15.75 to -49.91\% and delta C-14 values from -82.4 to +4.71\%). Delta C-14 values, which are normalized to a delta C-13 of -25\%, did not deviate significantly (-58.9 to -5.8\%, considering the uncertainty of similar to +/- 20\%). This means that normalization of radiocarbon results to a delta C-13 of -25\%, normally performed to remove effects of environmental isotope fractionation on C-14-based age determinations, also cor-rects sufficiently for putative isotopic fractionation that may occur during pcGC isolation of individual compounds for CSRA.},
	issn = {0003-2700},
	doi = {10.1021/Ac061821a},
	author = {Zencak, Z. and Reddy, C. M. and Teuten, E. L. and Xu, L. and McNichol, A. P. and Gustafsson, O.}
}
@article {390,
	title = {Flux and age of dissolved organic carbon exported to the Arctic Ocean: A carbon isotopic study of the five largest arctic rivers RID C-4087-2009 RID C-5396-2008},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 2033; PT: J; UT: WOS:000250704000002},
	pages = {GB4011-GB4011},
	abstract = {The export and Delta C-14-age of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was determined for the Yenisey, Lena, Ob{\textquoteright}, Mackenzie, and Yukon rivers for 2004 - 2005. Concentrations of DOC elevate significantly with increasing discharge in these rivers, causing approximately 60\% of the annual export to occur during a 2-month period following spring ice breakup. We present a total annual flux from the five rivers of similar to 16 teragrams (Tg), and conservatively estimate that the total input of DOC to the Arctic Ocean is 25 - 36 Tg, which is similar to 5-20\% greater than previous fluxes. These fluxes are also similar to 2.5 x greater than temperate rivers with similar watershed sizes and water discharge. Delta C-14-DOC shows a clear relationship with hydrology. A small pool of DOC slightly depleted in Delta C-14 is exported with base flow. The large pool exported with spring thaw is enriched in D14C with respect to current-day atmospheric Delta C-14-CO2 values. A simple model predicts that similar to 50\% of DOC exported during the arctic spring thaw is 1 - 5 years old, similar to 25\% is 6 - 10 years in age, and 15\% is 11 - 20 years old. The dominant spring melt period, a historically undersampled period, exports a large amount of young and presumably semilabile DOC to the Arctic Ocean.},
	issn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2007GB002934},
	author = {Raymond, Peter A. and McClelland, J. W. and Holmes, R. M. and Zhulidov, A. V. and Mull, K. and Peterson, B. J. and Striegl, R. G. and Aiken, G. R. and Gurtovaya, T. Y.}
}
@inbook {1455,
	title = {Historical ecology and human impacts on coastal ecosystems of the Santa Barbara Channel region, California},
	booktitle = {Ancient Human Impacts on Marine Environments: A Global Perspective},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 577},
	month = {2007},
	publisher = {University of California Press},
	organization = {University of California Press},
	address = {Berkeley},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Braje, Todd J. and Estes, James and Graham, Michael and Vellanoweth, Rene},
	editor = {Rick, T. C.}
}
@article {1895,
	title = {Household and Community Archaeology at the Chumash Village of Niaqla, Santa Rosa Island, California},
	journal = {Journal of Field Archaeology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 2072},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {243-263},
	author = {Rick, Torben C.}
}
@article {1908,
	title = {Late Holocene barrier island collapse; Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA},
	journal = {The Sedimentary Record},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1887; ISSN: 1543-8740 Language: English References: 16; illus. incl. strat. col., geol. sketch map United States (USA) Latitude:N350000,N353000 Longitude:W0753000,W0760000},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {4-8},
	abstract = {We document here the threat of large scale destruction (collapse) of barrier islands based on the study of many cores taken along the Outer Banks and in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina.Around 1,100 cal yr BP, probably as the result of hurricane activity, portions of the southern Outer Banks must have collapsed to allow normal salinity waters to bathe southern Pamlico Sound for several hundred years. Such collapse could occur again during our current regime of global warming, rising sea level and increased tropical cyclone activity. The economic effect of barrier island break collapse on Outer Banks communities would be devastating.},
	keywords = {24, Quaternary geology, algae, assemblages, barrier islands, Cenozoic, changes, clastic sediments, cores, diatoms, erosion, Foraminifera, geologic hazards, Holocene, hurricanes, Invertebrata, landform evolution, lithofacies, littoral, microfossils, North Carolina, Outer Banks, Pamlico Sound, Plantae, preservation, Protista, Quaternary, salinity, sand, sea-level, sediments, United States, upper Holocene, Vibroseis},
	author = {Culver, Stephen J. and Grand Pre, Candace A. and Mallinson, David J. and Riggs, Stanley R. and Corbett, D. Reide and Foley, Jennifer and Hale, Michael and Metger, Lauren and Ricardo, John and Rosenberger, Jeb and Smith, Christopher G. and Smith, Curtis W. and Snyder, Scott W. and Twamley, David and Farrell, Kathleen and Horton, Benjamin}
}
@article {2443,
	title = {Linking lithology and land use to sources of dissolved and particulate organic matter in headwaters of a temperate, passive-margin river system},
	journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2007},
	note = {30},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {4233-4250},
	abstract = {A number of rivers have been found to transport highly aged organic matter [OM]; however, the sources of this aged material remain a matter of debate. One potential source may be erosion and weathering of headwater lithologies rich in ancient sedimentary OM. In this study, waters, suspended particulates, streambed sediments, rocks and soils from fourteen small headwater watersheds of a mid-size, temperate, passive margin river were sampled and characterized by Delta C-14, delta C-13, and POC/TPN ratios to identify sources of particulate and dissolved OM delivered to the river mainstem. These headwater sites encompass a range in lithology (OM-rich shales, OM-lean carbonate/mudstone facies, and OM-free crystalline rocks) and land use types (forested and agricultural), and allow investigation of the influence of agriculture and bedrock types on stream OM characteristics. Streams draining large areas of both agricultural land use and OM-rich lithology contain particulate OM [POM] that is more C-14-depleted than streams draining forested, shale-free watersheds. However, this is not sufficient to account for the significantly lower Delta C-14-POC measured in the river mainstern. Dissolved OM [DOM] Delta C-14 are in all cases enriched compared to POM from the same stream, but are otherwise highly variable and unrelated to either land use or lithology. POC/TPN ratios were likewise highly variable. POC and DOC delta C-13 signatures were similar across all watersheds. Based on isotope mass balance, C-14-free fossil OM sources contribute 0-12\% of total stream POM. Although these results do not unequivocally separate the influences of land use and lithology, watershed coverage by shale and agriculture are both important controls on stream A Delta C-14-POC. Thus export of aged, particle-associated OM may be a feature of river systems along both passive and active continental margins. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {ATCHAFALAYA RIVER, ATMOSPHERIC O-2, BLACK SHALE, continental-shelf, GULF-OF-MEXICO, marine-sediments, MINERAL, SPACE-TIME CLIMATE, STABLE-ISOTOPES, surface sediments, SURFACES},
	isbn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2007.06.056},
	author = {Longworth, B. E. and Petsch, S. T. and Raymond, P. A. and Bauer, J. E.}
}
@article {322,
	title = {Little Ice Age drought in equatorial Africa: Intertropical Convergence Zone migrations and El Nino-Southern Oscillation variability RID C-1423-2010},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 2049; PT: J; UT: WOS:000243483800006},
	pages = {21-24},
	abstract = {High-resolution analyses of the Mg concentration in authigenic calcite in five cores from Lake Edward provide a water balance history of central equatorial Africa spanning the past 1400 yr. A high ratio of Mg to Ca (\%Mg) indicates strong droughts in central Africa during the Little Ice Age (A.D. 1400-1750), in contrast to records from Lake Naivasha, Kenya, which suggest a wet Little Ice Age. This spatial pattern in Africa likely arose due to coupled changes in the high latitudes, the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, and the Ell Ni (n) over tildeo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system. Our results further suggest that the patterns and variability of twentieth-century rainfall in central Africa have been unusually conducive to human welfare in the context of the past 1400 yr.},
	issn = {0016-8505},
	doi = {10.1130/G23125A.1},
	author = {Russell, J. M. and Johnson, T. C.}
}
@article {1893,
	title = {Little Ice Age drought in quatorial Africa: ITCZ migrations and ENSO variability},
	journal = {geology},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1005},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {21-24},
	author = {Russell, J. M. and Johnson, T. C.}
}
@article {917,
	title = {Middle Holocene subsistence and land use on Southeast Anchorage, Santa Rosa Island, California},
	journal = {Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 2082},
	pages = {44-56},
	abstract = {California{\textquoteright}s Channel Islands have a lengthy archaeological record, spanning roughly 13,000 calendar years. However, relatively little is known about cultural developments during the Middle Holocene, resulting in a substantial gap in our understanding of the prehistory of California. Our research at CA-SRI-667, a large dune site with three components dated between about 6,200 and 4,300 cal B.P., demonstrates significant environmental changes occurred through time. Faunal remains and artifacts from the site document the decline of a local estuary, intensive dune building episodes, and the presence of relatively mobile human settlement systems. These data illustrate the dynamic nature of Middle Holocene human settlement and subsistence strategies, and associated environmental changes on California{\textquoteright}s Channel Islands.},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/27825866 },
	author = {Wolff, Christopher B. and Rick, Torben C. and Aland, Amanda}
}
@inbook {1403,
	title = {One if by land, two if by sea: who were the first Californians?},
	booktitle = {California Prehistory:Colonization, Culture and Complexity},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 2081},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {53-62},
	publisher = {AltaMira Press},
	organization = {AltaMira Press},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Jones, Terry L. and Porcasi, Judith},
	editor = {Jones, Terry L.}
}
@article {567,
	title = {Progress on a gas-accepting ion source for continuous-flow accelerator mass spectrometry},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments \& Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {259},
	year = {2007},
	note = {182wvTimes Cited:24Cited References Count:12},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {83-87},
	abstract = {A gas-accepting microwave-plasma ion source is being developed for continuous-flow accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Characteristics of the ion source will be presented. Schemes for connecting a gas or liquid chromatograph to the ion source will also be discussed. (c) 2007 Ellsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0168-583x},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.189},
	author = {Roberts, M. L. and Schneider, R. J. and von Reden, K. F. and Wills, J. S. C. and Han, B. X. and Hayes, J. M. and Rosenheim, B. E. and W. J. Jenkins}
}
@article {977,
	title = {Quantity, C-14 age and lability of desorbed soil organic carbon in fresh water and seawater},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1161},
	pages = {1547-1557},
	abstract = {Soil organic carbon (OC) resulting from terrestrial photosynthesis is one of the largest reactive pools of sequestered atmospheric CO2. As an intermediate storage mechanism for organic material through time, the vertical distribution of carbon in a soil profile generally shows an age continuum with depth. Aged soil carbon is often the result of sorptive preservation, a physical mechanism that protects organic matter (OM) from microbial decay. Sorptive preservation is, however, a reversible process. Upon desorption, previously protected OM could be available for decomposition. Here we present simple fresh and salt water desorption experiments designed to determine the amount, 14C age and lability of {\textquotedblleft}reversible{\textquotedblright} OM. Results suggest that 1.1{\textendash}3.9\% and 1.5{\textendash}6.7\% of OC, and 0.7{\textendash}3\% and 0.6{\textendash}5\% of total soil nitrogen can be desorbed using fresh and salt water, respectively. Radiocarbon data suggest this desorbed carbon is Δ14C-enriched compared to the bulk soil, with Δ14C values close to modern atmospheric Δ14CO2 at the soil surface, and aging with depth. Of this extractable aged carbon, upwards of 23{\textendash}56\% is labile across all treatments and with depth. Additional carbon is extracted with salt water compared to fresh water and this surplus is non-labile and younger than the labile component. Radiocarbon dating shows that the 14C age of soil carbon increases with depth and that there is a pool of Δ14C-depleted OC that is readily remineralized upon entering an aquatic/marine environment. These results indicate that eroded soil particles can release OC and organic N when entering rivers and oceans and that up to 50\% of this carbon is available for aquatic metabolism.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.05.011},
	author = {Butman, D. and Raymond, P. A. and Oh, N. H. and Mull, K.}
}
@article {651,
	title = {Quaternary depositional patterns and sea-level fluctuations, northeastern North Carolina},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2007},
	note = {131tvTimes Cited:18Cited References Count:56},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {83-99},
	abstract = {A detailed record of late Quaternary sea-level oscillations is preserved within the upper 45 in of deposits along an eight kin transect across Croatan Sound, a drowned tributary of the Roanoke/Albemarle drainage system, northeastern North Carolina. Drill-hole and seismic data reveal nine relatively complete sequences filling an antecedent valley comprised of discontinuous middle and early Pleistocene deposits. On interfluves, lithologically similar marine deposits of different sequences occur stacked in vertical succession and separated by ravinement surfaces. Within the paleo-drainage, marine deposits are separated by fluvial and/or estuarine sediments deposited during periods of lowered sea level. Foraminiferal and molluscan fossil assemblages indicate that marine facies were deposited in a shallow-marine embayment with open connection to shelf waters. Each sequence modifies or truncates portions of the preceding sequence or sequences. Sequence boundaries are the product of a combination of fluvial, estuarine, and marine erosional processes. Stratigraphic and age analyses constrain the ages of sequences to late Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 and younger (similar to 140 ka to present), indicating multiple sea-level oscillations during this interval. Elevations of highstand deposits associated with late MIS 5 and MIS 3 imply that sea level was either similar to present during those times, or that the region may have been influenced by glacio-isostatic uplift and Subsidence. (c) 2006 University of Washington. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2006.07.003},
	author = {Parham, P. R. and Riggs, S. R. and Culver, S. J. and Mallinson, D. J. and Wehmiller, J. F.}
}
@conference {1775,
	title = {Regional variability in the ages and reactivities of riverine dissolved and particulate organic matter exported to a temperate ocean margin},
	booktitle = {ASLO Aquatic Sciences Meeting},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 477},
	month = {2007},
	address = {Santa Fe, NM},
	author = {Bauer, J. E. and Raymond, P. A. and Cole, J. J. and Petsch, S. T. and Longworth, B. E. and Caraco, N. F. and Keesee, E. J.}
}
@article {2442,
	title = {Relationships between carbon isotopic composition and mode of binding of natural organic matter in selected marine sediments},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007/11//},
	pages = {1824 - 1837},
	abstract = {We have investigated the relationships between radiocarbon (14C) and stable carbon (13C) isotopic composition and the different modes of binding of organic matter (OM) in surficial sediments selected from near-shore and continental margin sites that vary in terms of input and depositional conditions. To improve our understanding of the entire OM pool, isotopic analysis of sedimentary sub-fractions, as opposed to individual compounds, was performed. This was achieved by sequentially treating sediments via solvent extraction to examine unbound compounds, followed by saponification to cleave ester linked moieties. Isotopic analysis was performed on the bulk sediment and resulting residues. The molecular composition of the extracts was examined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and the relative contributions of terrestrial and marine biomarkers were assessed. Radiocarbon abundances (Δ14C) of the bulk sediment reflect a mixture of modern, pre-aged and fossil carbon. Offsets in Δ14C between the bulk sediment and sediment residues demonstrate varying associations of these carbon pools. For the majority of sites, a negative offset between extracted (EX-RES) and saponified (SA-RES) sediment residues results from the removal of relatively 14C-rich material during saponification. Saponification extracts (SAEs) are mainly composed of short chain (n-C12 to n-C24) alkanoic acids with an even/odd dominance, indicating a predominantly marine algal or microbial source. This provides evidence for the protection of labile marine carbon by chemical binding. This study bridges the gap between molecular level and bulk OM analysis of marine sediments.},
	isbn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.07.008},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638007001751},
	author = {White, Helen K. and Reddy, Christopher M. and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {438,
	title = {Sea-level history of the Gulf of Mexico since the Last Glacial Maximum with implications for the melting history of the Laurentide Ice Sheet},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 2038; PT: J; UT: WOS:000248732200007},
	pages = {920-940},
	abstract = {Sea-level records from the Gulf of Mexico at the Last Glacial Maximum, 20 ka, are up to 35 m higher than time-equivalent sea-level records from equatorial regions. The most popular hypothesis for explaining this disparity has been uplift due to the forebulge created by loading from Mississippi River sediments. Using over 50 new radiocarbon dates as well as existing published data obtained from shallowmarine deposits within the northern Gulf of Mexico and numerical models simulating the impact of loading due to the Mississippi Fan and glacio-hydro-isostasy, we test several possible explanations for this sea-level disparity.. We find that neither a large radiocarbon reservoir, sedimentary loading due to the Mississippi Fan, nor large-scale regional uplift can explain this disparity. We do find that with an appropriate model for the Laurentide Ice Sheet, the observations from the Gulf of Mexico can be explained by the process of glaciohydro-isostasy. Our analysis suggests that in order to explain this disparity one must consider a Laurentide Ice Sheet reconstruction with less ice from 15 ka to its disappearance 6 ka and more ice from the Last Glacial Maximum to 15 ka than some earlier models have suggested. This supports a Laurentide contribution to meltwater pulse 1-A, which could not have come entirely from its southern sector. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.01.001},
	author = {Simms, Alexander R. and Lambeck, Kurt and Purcell, Anthony and Anderson, John B. and Rodriguez, Antonio B.}
}
@article {1883,
	title = {Searching for a suitable gas ion source for C-14 accelerator mass spectrometry},
	journal = {Preceeding of PNNIB-11 (9/2006)},
	volume = {A.I.P. Preceedings Series},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 689},
	month = {2007},
	author = {von Reden, K. and Roberts, M. and Han, B. and Schneider, R. and Wills, J.}
}
@article {285,
	title = {Seaward-branching coastal-plain and Piedmont incised-valley systems through multiple sea-level cycles: Late Quaternary examples from Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound, USA},
	journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Research},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 2039; PT: J; UT: WOS:000246987600011},
	pages = {139-158},
	abstract = {Most incised valleys become more organized seaward through tributaries merging with the main trunk valley. Late Quaternary incised valleys on the Mississippi and Alabama inner continental shelf branch seaward, although they do coalesce towards the shelf break where they feed shelf-edge deltas. To link fluvial systems with their associated previously mapped incised valleys on the shelf, and evaluate the contribution of small coastal-plain valley systems to the lowstand systems tract, high-resolution seismic data and cores were collected from Mobile Bay, eastern Mississippi Sound, and the Mobile bay-head delta. These data show four unconformity-bounded stacked units, and this study focuses on the upper two regionally mappable units. The upper two unconformities were sampled in core as exposure surfaces, and, on the basis of stratigraphic position, depth of incision, and C-14 dates, are interpreted as sequence boundaries. The shallowest sequence boundary (A) formed in response to the Oxygen Isotope Stage 2 sea-level lowstand, while the underlying sequence boundary (B) formed in response to an earlier lowstand (Stage 6?). A map of Sequence Boundary B shows a network of seaward-branching valleys, 20-35 m deep and 0.6-7.7 km wide, that extend across Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound. These valleys, which are bounded by well-developed terraces, are extensions of the piedmont Mobile fluvial system and the coastal-plain Fowl and La Batre fluvial systems. A map of the Stage 2 Sequence Boundary shows that all systems generally reoccupied their previous valley positions and are separated by interfluve plateaus. Valley fill between Sequence Boundary B and the Stage 2 Sequence Boundary is generally composed of a basal unit of alluvial sediments overlain by bay-head delta deposits; however, Stage 2 to 1 valley fill is composed entirely (if central-basin sediments. The presence of bay-head delta deposits on the inner shelf indicates this depositional environment backstepped across the estuaries to modern positions. Backstepping likely occurred as the low-gradient paleovalleys were inundated, resulting in rapid rates of transgression. Fluvial gradients measured on Sequence Boundary B and the Stage 2 Sequence Boundary, below the modern Mobile bay-head delta plain and the estuaries, are very low (1.3-0.3 m/km). The Mobile bay-head delta and upper Mobile Bay are confined by steep topography, which opens basinward into the low-gradient shorelines surrounding lower Mobile Bay and Mississippi Sound. During falling sea level, channel branching likely occurred as the low-gradient fluvial systems extended basinward beyond the confined topography. These channels incised as sea level fell below the steeper shelf break during the lowstand. Stage 2 valley morphology is partially influenced by the position of the underlying Stage 6 valleys. Both coastal-plain and piedmont valley systems exhibit compound fill, indicating that differentiation between these types of incised valleys cannot be based on valley-fill architecture alone.},
	issn = {1527-1404},
	doi = {10.2110/jsr.2007.016},
	author = {Greene, D. Lawrence, Jr. and Rodriguez, Antonio B. and Anderson, John B.}
}
@article {674,
	title = {Spatial complexity of {\textquoteright}Little Ice Age{\textquoteright} climate in East Africa: sedimentary records from two crater lake basins in western Uganda},
	journal = {Holocene},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2007},
	note = {144ztTimes Cited:36Cited References Count:55},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {183-193},
	abstract = {Lithostratigraphic analyses of the sedimentary record from two contrasting crater lake basins in western Uganda, Africa, provide evidence for three major century-scale and intervals during the last 2000 year. Variations in sedimentation and salt mineralogy of hypersaline Lake Kitagata, and a succession of fine-grained lake sediments and peat in the freshwater Lake Kibengo, suggest century-scale droughts centred on AD 0, similar to 1100, similar to 1550 and 1750. These results broadly support data from nearby Lake Edward on the timing of drought in western Uganda, but contrast with lake sediment records from eastern equatorial Africa. In particular, our results suggest regional variability of East African climate during the main phase of the {\textquoteright}Little Ice Age{\textquoteright} (AD similar to 1500 to 1800), with westernmost East Africa experiencing drought while areas farther east were wet. This spatial pattern highlights the strongly regional nature of century-scale climate changes over the African continent, and holds implications for the mechanisms governing African rainfall during the {\textquoteright}Little Ice Age{\textquoteright}.},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683607075832},
	author = {Russell, J. M. and Verschuren, D. and Eggermont, H.}
}
@inbook {1459,
	title = {Status of the Black Sea flood hypothesis},
	booktitle = {The Black Sea Flood Question: Changes in Coastline, Climate and Human Settlement},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 854},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {63-88},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	author = {Ryan, W. B. F.},
	editor = {Yanko-Hombach, V.}
}
@article {275,
	title = {A study of secondary organic aerosol formation in the anthropogenic-influenced southeastern United States},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {112},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 788; 187XB Times Cited:47 Cited References Count:39Y},
	abstract = {[1] The formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in an anthropogenic-influenced region in the southeastern United States is investigated by a comparison with urban plumes in the northeast. The analysis is based on measurements of fine-particle organic compounds soluble in water (WSOC) as a measure of secondary organic aerosol. Aircraft measurements over a large area of northern Georgia, including the Atlanta metropolitan region, and in plumes from New York City and surrounding urban regions in the northeast show that fine-particle WSOC are spatially correlated with vehicle emission tracers (e.g., CO), yet the measurements indicate that vehicles do not directly emit significant particulate WSOC. In addition to being correlated, WSOC concentrations were in similar proportions to anthropogenic tracers in both regions, despite biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that were on average 10-100 times higher over northern Georgia. In contrast, radiocarbon analysis on WSOC extracted from integrated filters deployed in Atlanta suggests that roughly 70-80\% of the carbon in summertime WSOC is modern. If both findings are valid, the combined results indicate that in northern Georgia, fine-particle WSOC was secondary and formed through a process that involves mainly modern biogenic VOCs but which is strongly linked to an anthropogenic component that may largely control the mass of SOA formed. Independent of the radiocarbon results, a strong association between SOA and anthropogenic sources has implications for control strategies in urban regions with large biogenic VOC emissions.},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2007jd008408},
	author = {Weber, R. J. and Sullivan, A. P. and Peltier, R. E. and Russell, A. and Yan, B. and Zheng, M. and de Gouw, J. and Warneke, C. and Brock, C. and Holloway, J. S. and Atlas, E. L. and Edgerton, E.}
}
@article {2444,
	title = {A study of secondary organic aerosol formation in the anthropogenic-influenced southeastern United States},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {112},
	year = {2007},
	note = {263D13302
},
	month = {Jul},
	abstract = {[1] The formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in an anthropogenic-influenced region in the southeastern United States is investigated by a comparison with urban plumes in the northeast. The analysis is based on measurements of fine-particle organic compounds soluble in water (WSOC) as a measure of secondary organic aerosol. Aircraft measurements over a large area of northern Georgia, including the Atlanta metropolitan region, and in plumes from New York City and surrounding urban regions in the northeast show that fine-particle WSOC are spatially correlated with vehicle emission tracers (e.g., CO), yet the measurements indicate that vehicles do not directly emit significant particulate WSOC. In addition to being correlated, WSOC concentrations were in similar proportions to anthropogenic tracers in both regions, despite biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that were on average 10-100 times higher over northern Georgia. In contrast, radiocarbon analysis on WSOC extracted from integrated filters deployed in Atlanta suggests that roughly 70-80\% of the carbon in summertime WSOC is modern. If both findings are valid, the combined results indicate that in northern Georgia, fine-particle WSOC was secondary and formed through a process that involves mainly modern biogenic VOCs but which is strongly linked to an anthropogenic component that may largely control the mass of SOA formed. Independent of the radiocarbon results, a strong association between SOA and anthropogenic sources has implications for control strategies in urban regions with large biogenic VOC emissions.},
	keywords = {AMBIENT AEROSOL, atmosphere, C-14, emissions, evolution, GASOLINE, OXIDATION, PARTICLES, RATIOS, ZURICH},
	isbn = {2169-897X},
	doi = {10.1029/2007JD008408},
	author = {Weber, R. J. and Sullivan, A. P. and Peltier, R. E. and Russell, A. and Yan, B. and Zheng, M. and de Gouw, J. and Warneke, C. and Brock, C. and Holloway, J. S. and Atlas, E. L. and Edgerton, E.}
}
@inbook {1447,
	title = {Submarine canyon and fan systems of the California Continental Borderland, Chapter 3-7},
	booktitle = {Earth Science in the Urban Ocean: The Southern California Contental Borderlands},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 992},
	month = {2007},
	author = {Normark, W. R. and Piper, D. J. W. and Romans, B. W. and Covault, J. A. and Dartnell, P. and Sliter, R. W.},
	editor = {Paper, Geological Society of America Special}
}
@article {569,
	title = {The timing and evolution of the post-glacial transgression across the Sea of Marmara shelf south of Istanbul},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {243},
	year = {2007},
	note = {210tuTimes Cited:36Cited References Count:52},
	month = {Sep 6},
	pages = {57-76},
	abstract = {High-resolution seismic reflection profiles and analyses of the sedimentary substrate at the Sea of Marmara (SoM) entrance to the Strait of Istanbul (Sol, Bosphorus) provide a detailed record of the transgression that took place after the SoM reconnected with the Mediterranean. The sediments progressively fill a paleo shelf valley that incised the margin from the Sol to the shelf break at the time of the pre-Holocene lowstand. We map seven seismic reflection units that can be confidently correlated to sediment cores by lithology and physical properties. Sediments in the cores are dated by radiocarbon methods. Early channel and levee deposits within the paleo valley belong to the Younger Dryas cold stage and record outflow from the Black Sea via the Sol. Small clinoform packages on the valley margin formed in proximity to climbing paleo shorelines. The elevations of these deposits conform to the sealevel history recorded in Barbados corals. The younger part of the succession includes a subaqueous prodelta sourced from the Kurbagalidere River. Its relatively young age when the Holocene sea had almost reached its modem level suggests that the thick progradational and aggradational clinoform development was primarily a response to sediment supply rather than the filling of expanding accommodation space. Our findings refute the hypothesis of Aksu et al. (Aksu, A.E., Hiscott, R.N., Mudie., P.J., Rochon, A., Kaminski, M.A., Abrojano, T., Yasar, D., 2002a. Persistent Holocene outflow fromn the Black Sea to the Eastern Mediterranean contradicts Noah{\textquoteright}s Flood hypothesis, GSA Today 10,(6), 3-7., Aksu, A.E., Hiscott, R.N., Kaminski, M.A., Mudie, P.J., Gillespie, H., Abrojano, T., Yasar, D., 2002b. Last glacial-Holocene paleoceanography of the Black Sea and Marmara Sea: stable isotopic, foraminiferal and coccolith evidence. Mar. Geol., 190, 119-149.) and Hiscott et al. (Hiscott, R.N., Aksu, A.E., Yasar, D., Kaminski, M.A., Mudie, P.J., Kostylev, V.E., MacDonald, J.C. Isler, F.I., Lord, A.R., 2002. Deltas south of the Bosphorus Strait record persistent Black Sea outflow to the Marmara Sea since similar to 10 ka, Mar. Geol., 190,95-118., Hiscott, R.N., Aksu, A.E., Mudie., P.J., Kaminski, M.A., Abrajano, T, Yasar, D., Rochon, A., 2007. The Marmara Sea gateway since similar to 16 ky BP: non-catastrophic causes of paleoceanographic events in the Black Sea at 8.4 and 7.15 ky BR In Yanko-Hombach,V, Gilbert, A.S., Dolukhanov, P.M. (Eds.), The Black Sea Flood Question, Springer, The Netherlands, 89-117.) that this deposit was supplied from the Sol and that its presence requires a persistent Black Sea outflow since 10 C-14 ka bp (not corrected from the reservoir age or calibrated). (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2007.04.010},
	author = {Eris, K. K. and Ryan, W. B. F. and Cagatay, M. N. and Sancar, U. and Lericolais, G. and Menot, G. and Bard, E.}
}
@article {613,
	title = {Tropical Pacific - mid-latitude teleconnections in medieval times},
	journal = {Climatic Change},
	volume = {83},
	year = {2007},
	note = {160ufTimes Cited:125Cited References Count:151},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {241-285},
	abstract = {Terrestrial and marine late Holocene proxy records from the western and central US suggest that climate between approximately 500 and 1350 A.D. was marked by generally arid conditions with episodes of severe centennial-scale drought, elevated incidence of wild fire, cool sea surface temperatures (SSTs) along the California coast, and dune mobilization in the western plains. This Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) was followed by wetter conditions and warming coastal SSTs during the transition into the "Little Ice Age" (LIA). Proxy records from the tropical Pacific Ocean show contemporaneous changes indicating cool central and eastern tropical Pacific SSTs during the MCA, with warmer than modern temperatures in the western equatorial Pacific. This pattern of mid-latitude and tropical climate conditions is consistent with the hypothesis that the dry MCA in the western US resulted (at least in part) from tropically forced changes in winter NH circulation patterns like those associated with modern La Nina episodes. We examine this hypothesis, and present other analyses showing that the imprint of MCA climate change appears in proxy records from widely distributed regions around the planet, and in many cases is consistent with a cool medieval tropical Pacific. One example, explored with numerical model results, is the suggestion of increased westerlies and warmer winter temperatures over northern Europe during medieval times. An analog technique for the combined use of proxy records and model results, Proxy Surrogate Reconstruction (PSR), is introduced.},
	issn = {0165-0009},
	doi = {10.1007/s10584-007-9239-2},
	author = {Graham, N. E. and Hughes, M. K. and Ammann, C. M. and Cobb, K. M. and Hoerling, M. P. and Kennett, D. J. and Kennett, J. P. and Rein, B. and Stott, L. and Wigand, P. E. and Xu, T. Y.}
}
@article {351,
	title = {Validated age, growth, and mortality estimates of the ocean quahog (Arctica islandica) in the western Atlantic},
	journal = {Ices Journal of Marine Science},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 807; 173HY Times Cited:6 Cited References Count:51Y},
	pages = {31-38},
	abstract = {The age structure of offshore (Sable Bank) and inshore (St Mary{\textquoteright}s Bay) populations of eastern Canadian ocean quahogs (Arctica islandica), and of a northwestern Iceland population, is investigated. Age estimates for eastern Canadian ocean quahogs were validated through analysis of bomb-produced C-14 in quahog shell growth increments deposited before, during, and after the atmospheric atomic bomb testing periods of the 1950s and 1960s. Delta 14C from shells with presumed birthdates between the late 1950s and 1970s clearly reflects the sharp increase in oceanic radiocarbon attributable to nuclear testing. The results validate our age interpretations of Sable Bank quahogs to an age of 45 y, and support longevity estimates of more than 200 y for the same population. Longevity calculations for the other populations exceeded 60 y. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were estimated for the three populations, the growth rate of all three was relatively rapid for the first 20 - 30 y of life, but thereafter was very slow. The instantaneous rate of natural mortality (M), calculated using the age-frequency distribution of the unexploited populations, was estimated to be 0.03 and 0.10 for the Sable Bank and St Mary{\textquoteright}s Bay populations, respectively.},
	issn = {1054-3139},
	doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsl001},
	author = {Kilada, R. W. and Campana, S. E. and Roddick, D.}
}
@article {1921,
	title = {14C methane and DIC in the deep terrestrial subsurface: implications for microbial methanogenesis},
	journal = {Geomicrobiology Journal},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1100},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {453-462},
	author = {Slater, Greg F. and Lippmann-Pipke, Johanna and Moser, Duane P. and Reddy, Christopher M. and Onstott, T. C. and Lacrampe-Couloume, Georges and Lollar, Barbara Sherwood}
}
@article {1927,
	title = {A 5,000-year record of coastal settlement on Anacapa Island, California},
	journal = {Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1088},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {65-72},
	author = {Rick, Torben C.}
}
@article {1914,
	title = {A 6,000 year old red abalone midden from Otter Point, San Miguel Island, California},
	journal = {North American Archaeologist},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1090},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {69-90},
	author = {Vellanoweth, Rene L. and Rick, Torben C. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Reynolds, Gnessa}
}
@article {946,
	title = {Age mixing among sympatrick bivalves and brachiopods from the Brazilian South Atlantic},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1170},
	pages = {443},
	author = {Krause R.A, Jr. and Barbour-Wood, S. and Kowalewski, M. and Simoes, M. G. and Kaufman, D. and Romanek, C. S. and Wehmiller, J. R.}
}
@article {1015,
	title = {Aspartic acid racemization dating of Holocene brachiopods and bivalves from the southern Brazilian shelf, South Atlantic},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1168},
	pages = {323-331},
	abstract = {The extent of racemization of aspartic acid (Asp) has been used to estimate the ages of 9 shells of the epifaunal calcitic brachiopod Bouchardia rosea and 9 shells of the infaunal aragonitic bivalve Semele casali. Both taxa were collected concurrently from the same sites at depths of 10 m and 30 m off the coast of Brazil. Asp D/L values show an excellent correlation with radiocarbon age at both sites and for both taxa (r2Site 9 B. rosea = 0.97, r2Site 1 B. rosea = 0.997, r2Site 9 S. casali = 0.9998, r2Site 1 S. casali = 0.93). The Asp ratios plotted against reservoir-corrected AMS radiocarbon ages over the time span of multiple millennia can thus be used to develop reliable and precise geochronologies not only for aragonitic mollusks (widely used for dating previously), but also for calcitic brachiopods. At each collection site, Bouchardia specimens display consistently higher D/L values than specimens of Semele. Thermal differences between sites are also notable and in agreement with theoretical expectations, as extents of racemization for both taxa are greater at the warmer, shallower site than at the cooler, deeper one. In late Holocene marine settings, concurrent time series of aragonitic and calcitic shells can be assembled using Asp racemization dating, and parallel multi-centennial to multi-millennial records can be developed simultaneously for multiple biomineral systems.},
	keywords = {Amino acid racemization, Aspartic, Bouchardia, Brachiopods, Brazil, Holocene, Mollusks, Radiocarbon dating, Semele, Ubatuba Bay},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2006.04.001},
	author = {Barbour-Wood, S. L. and Krause R.A, Jr. and Kowalewski, M. and Wehmiller, J. F. and Simoes, M. G.}
}
@article {1920,
	title = {Characterizing biodegration and microbial metabolic activity in situ using natural abundance, molecular-level 14C analysis},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 614},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {981-989},
	author = {Slater, G. F. and Nelson, R. K. and Kile, B. M. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@conference {1588,
	title = {The Chilean Fjords},
	booktitle = {Abstracts, EGU General Assembly},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 561},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Vienna, Austria},
	author = {Lange, C. B. and Pantoja, S. and Sepulveda, J. and Rebolledo, L. and Smith-Wellner, J. and Anderson, J. B. and Hughen, K. A.}
}
@article {1013,
	title = {Chronologie des variations climatiques repides pendant la derniere periode glaciaire},
	journal = {Comptes Rendus de l{\textquoteright}Academie des Sciences},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 398},
	pages = {13-19},
	doi = {10.1016/j.crpv.2005.11.002},
	author = {Bard, E. and Rostek, F. and G, Menot-Combes}
}
@article {1530,
	title = {Determination of carbon dioxide, hydrographic and chemical parameters during the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise in the southern Indian Ocean (WOCE section S041)},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1053},
	month = {2006},
	author = {Takahashi, R. and Millero, F. J. and Key, R. M. and Chipman, D. and Peltola, E. and Rubin, S. and Sweeney, C. and Sutherland, S.}
}
@article {1926,
	title = {Early Holocene land use and subsistence on eastern Santa Rosa Island, California},
	journal = {Current Research in the Pleistocene},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1021},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {60-62},
	author = {Rick, T. C. and Kennett, D. J. and Erlandson, J. M.}
}
@conference {1632,
	title = {Evaluating the Holocene c=dynamics of oceanographic processes in the Southeast Brazilian Bight using accumulations of calcitic and aragonitic shells},
	booktitle = {American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 716},
	month = {2006},
	address = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
	abstract = {PP43A-01233},
	author = {Krause R.A, Jr. and Barbour-Wood, S. and Kowalewski, M. and Simoes, M. G. and Kaufman, D. and Romanek, C. S. and Wehmiller, J. F.}
}
@article {669,
	title = {Foraminiferal and sedimentary record of Late Holocene barrier island evolution, Pea Island, North Carolina: The role of storm overwash, inlet processes, and anthropogenic modification},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2006},
	note = {070tkTimes Cited:19Cited References Count:33},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {836-846},
	abstract = {Foraminiferal and sedimentary data, supplemented with geochemical dating and ground-penetrating radar transects, show that the barrier island at Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge just north of Rodanthe, North Carolina, has been dominated by a combination of inlet and overwash processes for at least 1000 years. The stratigraphic record of several vibracores does not preserve every, or even many, overwash events but, instead, is characterized by three to four fining-upward sequences. The last three commence with overwash sand or gravel that is overlain by a variety of finer-grained estuarine, inlet, and marsh deposits. The dynamic nature of this segment of the Outer Banks was muted in the late 1930s by construction of artificial barrier dune ridges, extensive planting of grass and shrubs, and construction of Highway 12 in 1953. Subsequently, the road and barrier dune ridge were rebuilt and relocated several times following storm events.},
	issn = {0749-0208},
	doi = {10.2112/03-0103.1},
	author = {Culver, S. J. and Ames, D. V. and Corbett, D. R. and Mallinson, D. J. and Riggs, S. R. and Smith, C. G. and Vance, D. J.}
}
@conference {1638,
	title = {A geostatistical approach to watershed sources of aged riverine organic matter to the Hudson-Mohawk River system},
	booktitle = {American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 483},
	month = {2006},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	author = {Longworth, B. E. and Petsch, S. T. and Raymond, P. A. and Bauer, J. E.}
}
@article {1928,
	title = {IntCal04 Update: The future of radiocarbon calibration},
	journal = {PAGES Newsletter},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 557},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {9-10},
	author = {Reimer, P. and Hughen, K. A.}
}
@article {1919,
	title = {Intrinsic bacterial biodegradation of petroleum contamination demonstrated in situ using natural abundance, molecular-level 14C analysis},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 594},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {981-989},
	author = {Slater, Gregory F. and Nelson, Robert K. and Kile, Brian M. and Reddy, Christopher M.}
}
@conference {1656,
	title = {Investigating the temperoral relationship between the synthesis and sediment incorporation of vascular plant biomarkers using molecular level 14C analysis},
	booktitle = {EOS Abstracts, 2006 AGU Ocean Sciences Meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 562},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Honolulu, HI},
	author = {Drenzek, N. and Poussart, P. and Lima, A. L. and Hughens, K. and Reddy, C. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {1529,
	title = {The Montana Creek Sites: Archaeological Investigations at Lovewell Reservoir, Jewell County, Kansas-2004},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 619},
	month = {2006},
	institution = {Nebraska-Kansas Area Office, Bureau of Reclamation. Dept. of Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work, Kansas State University},
	address = {Manhattan},
	author = {Ritterbush, Lauren W. and Logan, Brad}
}
@article {1916,
	title = {Natural 14C in Saccoglossus Bromophenolosus compared to its surrounding sediments},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {324},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 613},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {167-172},
	author = {Teuten, E. L. and King, G. M. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@conference {1709,
	title = {New middle and late Holocene radiocarbon dates for alluvial deposits containing the Sand Creek pit hearths of northwestern Nebraska, U.S.A},
	booktitle = {14th Annual Island in the Planes Archeological and Historical Symposium Program and Abstracts},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 517},
	month = {2006},
	author = {LaGarry, L. A. and LaGarry, H. E. and Wandsnider, L. and Richardson, E. L.}
}
@article {1022,
	title = {Non-pollen palynomorphs from organic deposits of Posidonia oceanica: a new tool for palaeoenvironmental studies in marine peat-like deposits},
	journal = {Palyno-Bulletin},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 2005},
	pages = {38-40},
	abstract = {The in situ accumulation of large quantities of biogenic materials over millennia is very relevant and occurs only in a limited number of ecosystems. Peat bogs are probably the bestknown example among terrestrial ecosystems (e.g. Aaby \& Berglund, 1986) and coral reefs among marine ecosystems (e.g. Clausen \& Roth, 1975). In situ organic accumulations in the marine environment are rare, having been described for mangroves and seagrass species. The Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica accumulates large quantities of organic debris. Roots, rhizomes and leaf sheaths are progressively buried fonning a bioconstruction called {\textquoteright}matte{\textquoteright}. The organic material remains with little morphological alteration for millennia (Mateo et aI. , 1997), constitnting a marine peat-like deposit with a great interest from a palaeoenvironmental point of view. The present paper evaluates the palaeoecological potential of the organic deposits generated by the marine phanerogame Posidonia oceanica in the Bay of Port Lligat, Girona, NE Spain. This stndy discusses the detailed evolution of the vegetation in the landscape of the area.},
	author = {L{\'o}pez-S{\'a}ez, J. A. and L{\'o}pez-Garc{\'\i}a, P. and Pozuelo, R. and Mateo, M. A. and Renom, P. and Garrido, D.}
}
@article {1960,
	title = {The North Anatolian fault in the Gulf of Izmit (Turkey): Rapid vertical motion in response to minor bends of a non-vertical continental transform},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 532},
	month = {2006},
	author = {Cormier, M. H. and Seeber, L. and McHugh, C. M. G. and Polonia, A. and Cagatay, M. N. and Emre, O. and Gasperini, L. and Gorur, N. and Bortoluzzi, G. and Bonatti, E. and Ryan, W. B. F. and Newman, K. R.}
}
@conference {1725,
	title = {Organic Carbon in Rivers (Plenary Lecture)},
	booktitle = {Geochemical Earth Reference Model (GERM) Workshop},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 488},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Lamont-Doherty},
	author = {Raymond, P. A.}
}
@article {1349,
	title = {Paleotsunami deposits in coastal lagoons, Sri Lanka: Are tsunamis always sedimentologically important events?},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 664},
	month = {2006},
	publisher = {EOS Trans. AGU Fall Meeting Suppl. Abstracts},
	author = {Jackson, K. L. and Rankey, E. C. and Eberli, G. P. and Amelung, F. and Andres, M. S. and Peterson, L. C. and Swart, P. K. and Jayasena, H. A. H. and Kehelpannala, K. V. W.}
}
@article {286,
	title = {Sea-level variation during the holocene deduced from the morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of Morgan Peninsula, Alabama, USA},
	journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Research},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 2040; PT: J; UT: WOS:000235746800018},
	pages = {257-269},
	abstract = {Recent Gulf of Mexico shoreline studies interpret middle to late Holocene sea level as failing from a level above present elevation or stable at present elevation; however, the architecture of Morgan Peninsula, Alabama, does not support this. Morgan Peninsula is a beach-ridge strandplain composed of two obliquely aligned Holocene beach-ridge sets. Ground-penetrating radar profiles discriminate between parallel, even to wavy reflectors of the eolian dune environment and the underlying seaward-dipping, complex sigmoidal-oblique reflectors of the foreshore and upper-shoreface environment. The contact between foreshore and eolian facies in beach ridges can be used as a sea-level indicator. The average elevation of this contact in Morgan Peninsula rises throughout shoreline accretion, which occurred throughout the last 5.4 ka, suggesting that there was continual sea-level rise during this time. Morgan Peninsula is a useful modern analog to ancient shoreface-shelf parasequences and demonstrates the significant internal complexities that can exist in these deposits. Erosional discontinuities imaged in the Holocene foreshore-upper shoreface environment are laterally continuous, extend to elevations above mean sea level, and correlate to beach ridges and the transition between beach-ridge sets. An increase in the wave regime or fluctuations in sediment supply appear to be likely mechanisms for forming erosional discontinuities below beach ridges. The erosional surface separating beach-ridge sets may have formed by increased storm activity and associated barrier breaching, or a reconfiguration of the Mobile Bay tidal-delta complex superimposed on a gradual rate of sea-level rise. This boundary is recognized by a change in beach-ridge orientation at the surface and an increase in the aggradational component of shoreline accretion.},
	issn = {1527-1404},
	doi = {10.2110/jsr.2006.018},
	author = {Rodriguez, A. B. and Meyer, C. T.}
}
@conference {1790,
	title = {Sources age and composition of dissolved and particulate organic matter delivered to a passive margin river system},
	booktitle = {ASLO/AGU Ocean Science Meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 485},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Honolulu, HI},
	author = {Petsch, S. T. and Gordon, E. S. and Longworth, B. E. and Schillawki, S. E. and Raymond, P. A.}
}
@conference {1792,
	title = {Sources, fate and turnover of terrestrial organic carbon in rivers (Lecture)},
	booktitle = {Organic Geochemistry Gordon Conference},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 491},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Plymouth, NH},
	author = {Raymond, P. A. and Oh, N. H.}
}
@conference {1791,
	title = {Sources, fate and turnover of terrestrial organic carbon in rivers},
	booktitle = {Goldschmidt Conference},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 489},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Melbourne, Australia},
	author = {Raymond, P. A.}
}
@article {1925,
	title = {Stable isotopes from marine shells, ancient environments, and human subsistence on Middle Holocene Santa Rosa Island, California, U.S.A},
	journal = {Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 578},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {233-254},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Robbins, John A. and Ferguson, Kurth M.}
}
@article {593,
	title = {Submarine earthquake geology along the North Anatolia Fault in the Marmara Sea, Turkey: A model for transform basin sedimentation},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {248},
	year = {2006},
	note = {085kgTimes Cited:55Cited References Count:98},
	month = {Aug 30},
	pages = {661-684},
	abstract = {The submerged portions of the North Anatolia Fault system beneath the Marmara Sea were studied with high-resolution multibeam bathymetry, subbottom profiling and sediment cores. The major objectives were to learn about the seismic and tectonic history of the fault from the stratigraphic record at a scale similar to paleoseismic studies on land and to develop tools for submarine earthquake geology that can be applied to fault-controlled basins in general. We focused on Holocene sediment in several Marmara Sea basins of different sizes. The approach was to test whether: (1) the depocenters of the larger basins contain a record of all historic Ms > 7 earthquakes within the Marmara Sea region; (2) the small transform basins record earthquakes that rupture through them; (3) vertical and strike-slip Holocene deformation can be quantified; and (4) the effects of an earthquake generally includes both primary structural features due to rupture of the sea floor, such as strata offset, scarps and tilting, as well as secondary effects due to shaking, such as mass-wasting and gravitational flows. We found evidence of earthquakes that we correlate with historic events in 181 AD, 740 AD, 1063 AD, 1343 AD, 1509 AD, 1766 AD, 1894 AD and 1912 AD. The geologic evidence is primarily from those basins adjacent to the rupture as inferred from historic data. This suggests that coseismic deformation of the sea floor along the rupture is a critical factor in the sedimentary record. We propose a qualitative sedimentation model that relates this coseismic deformation to mass-wasting of the slope, scour of the basin floor, seiche motions and homogenite deposition. Frequent earthquake activity sheds sediments from the flanks, contributes to the much thicker sediment on the basin floor and decreases the likelihood of sediment failures in response to normal marine gravity-driven processes. The surveying techniques and approaches used have therefore the potential of documenting earthquake ruptures of fault segments and to extend the earthquake record far before the known history, thus improving hazard evaluations and the fundamental understanding of earthquake process. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0012-821x},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2006.05.038},
	author = {McHugh, C. M. G. and Seeber, L. and Cormier, M. H. and Dutton, J. and Cagatay, N. and Polonia, A. and Ryan, W. B. F. and Gorur, N.}
}
@article {707,
	title = {Tracking the weathering of an oil spill with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography},
	journal = {Environmental Forensics},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2006},
	note = {032ldTimes Cited:62Cited References Count:21},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {33-44},
	abstract = {Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) was used to investigate the Bouchard 120 oil spill. The latter occurred on April 25, 2003, when the barge Bouchard 120 spilled similar to 375,000 liters of No. 6 fuel oil into Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. In order to gain a better understanding of the natural processes affecting the fate of the spilled product, we collected and analyzed oil-covered rocks from Nyes Neck beach in North Falmouth, Massachusetts. Here we discuss the data from samples collected on May 9, 2003, and six months later, on November 23, 2003. Along with standard two-dimensional gas chromatographic analysis, we employed unique data-visualization techniques such as difference, ratio, and addition chromatograms to highlight how evaporation, water washing, and biodegradation weathered the spilled oil. These approaches provide a new perspective to studying oil spills and aid attempts to remediate them.},
	issn = {1527-5922},
	doi = {10.1080/15275920500506758},
	author = {Nelson, R. K. and Kile, B. M. and Plata, D. L. and Sylva, S. P. and Xu, L. and Reddy, C. M. and Gaines, R. B. and Frysinger, G. S. and Reichenbach, S. E.}
}
@conference {1823,
	title = {Variability in the character, age and reactivity of organic matter exported from rivers and estuaries to ocean margins},
	booktitle = {Ocean Sciences Meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 476},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Honolulu, HI},
	author = {Bauer, J. E. and Cole, J. J. and Caraco, N. F. and Raymond, P. A. and Keesee, E. J. and Fernald, S. and Mull, K.}
}
@article {979,
	title = {A 17,000 year history of Andean climatic and vegetation change from Laguna de Chochos, Peru},
	journal = {Journal of Quaternary Science},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1015},
	pages = {703-714},
	abstract = {The manifestation of major climatic events such as the timing of deglaciation and whether, or not, the Younger Dryas affected Andean systems has garnered considerable recent attention. Even the Holocene is rapidly emerging as a time of considerable interest in Neotropical palaeoclimatology and palaeoecology. The Holocene of the Neotropics is now revealed as a time of some temperature change with precipitation:evaporation ratios fluctuating markedly. Major changes in lake level, ice-accumulation, and vegetation are indicative of changes both in precipitation and temperature regimes. Although global-scale forcing mechanisms may underlie some of these changes, e.g. the precessional rhythm, other variability appears to be localised. In a record from near the upper forest limit of the eastern Peruvian Andes, pollen, charcoal, and sedimentary data suggest that the deglaciational period from ca. 17 000 to ca. 11 500 cal. yr BP was a period of rapid climatic oscillations, set against an overall trend of warming. A warm-dry event is evident between ca. 9500 and ca. 7300 cal. yr BP, and comparisons with other regional archives suggest that it was regional in scale. A ca. 1500-yr periodicity in the magnetic susceptibility data is evident between 12 000 and 6000 cal. yr BP, reaching a peak intensity during the dry event. A weaker oscillation with a 500{\textendash}600-yr periodicity is present throughout much of the Holocene. The uppermost sample of the pollen analysis reveals deforestation as modern human land use simplified the landscape.},
	doi = {10.1002/jqs.983},
	author = {Bush, M. B. and Hansen, B. C. S. and Rodbell, D. T. and Seltzer, G. O. and Young, K. R. and Leon, B. and Abbott, M. B. and Silman, M. R. and Gosling, W. D.}
}
@conference {1542,
	title = {A 2.45 GHz Ion Source for use in Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	booktitle = {11th International Conference on Ion Ssources},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1707},
	month = {2005},
	address = {Caen, France},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and Schneider, R. J. and Roberts, M. L. and Han, B. X. and Wills, J.}
}
@conference {1543,
	title = {3-D Electromagnetic Field Modeling and Ion Optics Calculations for a Continuous-Flow AMS System},
	booktitle = {10th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1708},
	month = {2005},
	address = {Berkeley, California},
	author = {Han, B. X. and von Reden, K. F. and Roberts, M. L. and Schneider, R. J. and Hayes, J. M.}
}
@article {1988,
	title = {The 8200 year B. P. event in the slop water system, western sublpolar North Atlantic},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1097},
	month = {2005},
	author = {Keigwin, L. D. and Sachs, J. P. and Rosenthal, Y. and Boyle, E. A.}
}
@article {922,
	title = {Abundance, composition, and vertical transport of PAHs in marsh sediments},
	journal = {Environ Sci Technol},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2005},
	note = {White, Helen KXu, LiLima, Ana Lucia CEglinton, Timothy IReddy, Christopher MengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.2005/11/22 09:00Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Nov 1;39(21):8273-80.},
	month = {Nov 01},
	pages = {8273-80},
	abstract = {Petroleum-derived hydrocarbons continue to persist in Wild Harbor, West Falmouth, MA, following a spill of No. 2 fuel oil in 1969 from the barge Florida. Recent analysis of marsh sediments revealed that residues of degraded oil are present with concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons as high as approximately 9 mg g(-1). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute only a minor fraction of these residues with maximum concentrations of 134 mirog g(-1), but their fate is of interest because of their potential toxicity to organisms. As compared to typical unweathered No. 2 fuel oil, the current distribution of PAHs in the sediments reflects substantial weathering by abiotic and biotic processes, specifically a preferential loss of naphthalenes relative to phenanthrenes, as well as isomer-specific biodegradation of alkylated PAHs. Based on comparison to results from an earlier study, it appears that little or no change has occurred to the distribution of PAHs since 1989, indicating that weathering at this site has stalled or is now proceeding at a significantly slower rate. To assess whether sediment-water partitioning and molecular diffusion in the interstitial medium are now the dominant processes controlling the vertical distribution of PAHs, downcore profiles were compared to a numerical model. While in some cases the model accurately reproduced the measured data, there were instances where the distribution of PAHs was slightly under or overestimated. Reasons for these discrepancies are discussed and are likely due to bioturbation, colloid-facilitated transport, or both. Assessment of the influence of these processes on the spilled oil expands our understanding of the overall fate of these compounds and their potential long-term effects on the environment.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/es050475w},
	author = {White, H. K. and Xu, L. and Lima, A. L. and Eglinton, T. I. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {1971,
	title = {Are bacteria actively degrading petroleum residues from the West Falmouth oil spill? New insights from 14C analysis of bacterial lipids},
	journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1189},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {2552-2558},
	author = {Slater, G. F. and White, H. K. and Eglinton, T. I. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {2000,
	title = {Beads, bifaces, and boats: an early maritime adaptation on the south coast of San Miguel Island, California},
	journal = {American Anthropologist},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 442},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {677-683},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Braje, Todd J. and Rick, Torben C. and Peterson, Jenna}
}
@conference {1576,
	title = {Beam Profile Measurements for a MC-SNICS Source with Spherical Ionizer},
	booktitle = {10th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1706},
	month = {2005},
	address = {Berkeley, California},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and Griffin, V. S. and Roberts, M. L.}
}
@conference {1584,
	title = {Carbon Isotopes in Riverine Systems},
	booktitle = {Lindeman Speaker, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 487},
	month = {2005},
	address = {University of Minnesota},
	author = {Raymond, P. A.}
}
@article {1999,
	title = {Coastal foraging at Otter Cave: a 6600 year old shell midden on San Miquel Island, California},
	journal = {Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 580},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {69-86},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Vellanoweth, Rene L. and Rick, Torben C. and Batterson, Melissa R.}
}
@article {1974,
	title = {The composition and transport of organic carbon in rainfall: insights from the natural (13C and 14C) isotopes of carbon},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 599},
	month = {2005},
	author = {Raymond, P. A.}
}
@inbook {1457,
	title = {Computer Control},
	booktitle = {Electrostatic accelerators: fundamentals and applications},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1686},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {328},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	isbn = {3540239839},
	author = {Roberts, M. L.},
	editor = {Hellborg, R.}
}
@conference {1598,
	title = {Continuous-Flow Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	booktitle = {the International Symposium on Utilization of Accelerators},
	series = {IAEA-CN-115-09},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 767},
	month = {2005},
	address = {Dubrovnik Croatia},
	author = {Roberts, M. L. and von Reden, K. F. and Han, B. X. and Schneider, R. J. and Benthien, A. and Hayes, J. M.}
}
@article {1984,
	title = {Contribution of biomass burning to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in European background aerosols},
	journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 510},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {2976-2982},
	author = {Mandalakis, M. and Gustafsson, O. and Alsberg, T. and Reddy, C. and Xu, L. and Klanova, J. and Holoubek, I. and Stephanou, E.}
}
@article {1965,
	title = {A decrease in discharge-normalized DOC export by the Yukon River during summer through autumn},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2005},
	note = {985cuTimes Cited:163
Cited References Count:28
},
	month = {Nov 12},
	abstract = {Climate warming is having a dramatic effect on the vegetation distribution and carbon cycling of terrestrial subarctic and arctic ecosystems. Here, we present hydrologic evidence that warming is also affecting the export of dissolved organic carbon and bicarbonate (DOC and HCO3-) at the large basin scale. In the 831,400 km(2) Yukon River basin, water discharge (Q) corrected DOC export significantly decreased during the growing season from 1978 - 80 to 2001 - 03, indicating a major shift in terrestrial to aquatic C transfer. We conclude that decreased DOC export, relative to total summer through autumn Q, results from increased flow path, residence time, and microbial mineralization of DOC in the soil active layer and groundwater. Counter to current predictions, we argue that continued warming could result in decreased DOC export to the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean by major subarctic and arctic rivers, due to increased respiration of organic C on land.},
	keywords = {alaska, arctic-ocean, climate-change, CO2, discontinuous permafrost, dissolved organic-carbon, flux, MATTER, tundra},
	isbn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2005GL024413},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000233354500009},
	author = {Striegl, R. G. and Aiken, G. R. and Dornblaser, M. M. and Raymond, P. A. and Wickland, K. P.}
}
@article {1970,
	title = {Determination of microbial carbon sources in petroleum contaminated sediments using molecular 14C analysis},
	journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 595},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {2552-2558},
	author = {Slater, G. F. and White, H. K. and Eglinton, T. I. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {1969,
	title = {Determination of Microbial Carbon Sources in Petrolleum Contaminated Sediments Using Molecular 14C Analysis},
	journal = {Environ. Sci. Technol},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1225},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {2552-2558},
	author = {Slater, G. F. and White, H. K. and Eglinton, T. I. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {1972,
	title = {An equatorial harmonic of the high latitude 1500-year cycle},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1006},
	month = {2005},
	author = {Russell, J. M. and Johnson, T. C.}
}
@article {598,
	title = {Fluctuations in export productivity over the last century from sediments of a southern Chilean fjord (44 degrees S)},
	journal = {Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2005},
	note = {975sfTimes Cited:22Cited References Count:53},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {587-600},
	abstract = {Here we present the first reconstruction of changes in surface primary production during the last century from the Puyuhuapi fjord in southern Chile, using a variety of parameters (diatoms, biogenic silica, total organic carbon, chlorins, and proteins) as productivity proxies. Two sediment cores from the head and the center of the fjord were analyzed and compared to gain insights on past changes in productivity in these two different depositional environments. Higher sedimentation rates found at the head of the fjord result from the combination of a shallower water column and a restricted circulation by the occurrence of a sill. Additionally, sediment mixing depths estimated from (210)Pb data suggest that suboxic conditions may dominate the bottom water and the sediment-water interface in this location.Productivity of the Puyuhuapi fjord during the last century was characterized by a constant increase from the late 19th century to the early 1980s, then decreased until the late 1990s, and then rose again to present-day values. The influence of rainfall on productivity was most noticeable during periods of low rainfall, which coincided with decreased overall productivity within the Puyuhuapi fjord. Simultaneous variations in productivity and rainfall in the study area suggest that marine productivity could respond to atmospheric-oceanic interactions at a local scale. At a regional scale, marine productivity of the area may be related to other large-scale processes such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0272-7714},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2005.07.005},
	author = {Sepulveda, J. and Pantoja, S. and Hughen, K. and Lange, C. and Gonzalez, F. and Munoz, P. and Rebolledo, L. and Castro, R. and Contreras, S. and Avila, A. and Rossel, P. and Lorca, G. and Salamanca, M. and Silva, N.}
}
@article {1973,
	title = {From Pleistocene mariners to complex hunter-gatherers: the archaeology of the California Channel Islands},
	journal = {Journal of World Prehistory},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 581},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {169-228},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Vellanoweth, Rene L.}
}
@article {671,
	title = {A geoarchaeological chronology of Holocene dune building on San Miguel Island, California},
	journal = {Holocene},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2005},
	note = {992ziTimes Cited:23Cited References Count:31},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {1227-1235},
	abstract = {A data base of 114 C-14 dates from 40 archaeological sites in San Miguel Island sand dunes provides a general chronology for Holocene dune building. Although rising seas have probably submerged earlier evidence, postglacial dune building on San Miguel began as early as 10 000 years ago. More intensive dune building dates to the middle and late Holocene, including large parabolic dunes that traverse the island and climb some of the highest landforms. Native American peoples lived on and altered island sand dunes for nearly 10 000 years, and native burning and other landscape alterations may have contributed to periodic destabilization of island dunefields. Accumulation of cultural debris also facilitated anthropogenic soil formation in many coastal localities, however, and over the millennia midden debris protected large expanses of the island{\textquoteright}s coastal perimeter from wind erosion. With the introduction of sheep c. AD 1850, destabilization and erosion of dune soils caused by overgrazing and other human impacts reached unprecedented levels, devastating the island{\textquoteright}s natural ecology. In recent decades, with the removal of sheep and other exotic animals from the island, the dunes have begun to restabilize.},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1191/0959683605hl893rp},
	author = {Erlandson, J. M. and Rick, T. C. and Peterson, C.}
}
@article {658,
	title = {A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2005},
	note = {933pzTimes Cited:63Cited References Count:74},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {1375-1389},
	abstract = {High-resolution analyses of the elemental composition of calcite and biogenic silica (BSi) content in piston cores from Lake Edward, equatorial Africa, document complex interactions between climate variability and lacustrine geochemistry over the past 5400 years. Correlation of these records from Lake Edward to other climatically-forced geochemical and lake level records from Lakes Naivasha, Tanganyika, and Turkana allows us to develop a chronology of drought events in equatorial East Africa during the late Holocene. Major drought events of at least century-scale duration are recorded in lacustrine records at about 850, 1500, similar to 2000, and 4100 cal year BP. Of these, the most severe event occurred between about 2050 and 1850 cal year BP, during which time Lake Edward stood about 15 in below its present level. Numerous additional droughts of less intensity and/or duration are present in the Lake Edward record, some of which may be correlated to other lacustrine climate records from equatorial East Africa. These events are superimposed on a long-term trend of increasingly and conditions from 5400 to about 2000 cal year BP, followed by a shift toward wetter climates that may have resulted from an intensification of the winter Indian monsoon. Although the causes of decade- to century-scale climate variability in the East African tropics remain obscure, time-series spectral analysis suggests no direct linkage between solar output and regional rainfall. Rather, significant periods of similar to 725, similar to 125, 63-72, 31-25, and 19-16 years suggest a tight linkage between the Indian Ocean and African rainfall, and could result from coupled ocean-atmosphere variability inherent to the tropical monsoon system. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003},
	author = {Russell, J. M. and Johnson, T. C.}
}
@article {1986,
	title = {High-resolution historical records from Pettaquamscutt River basin sediments; 2. Chronology and record of 137Cs released by the Chernobyl accident},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 555},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {1803-1812},
	author = {Lima, A. L. and Hubeny, J. B. and Reddy, C. M. and King, J. W. and Hughen, K. A. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@conference {1650,
	title = {Holocene terebratulid brachiopods from the southern Brazilian Shelf (South Atlantic): Ecology, taphonomy, and time-averaging},
	booktitle = {Fifth International Brachiopod Congress},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1171; Abstracts, p. 34-35},
	month = {2005},
	publisher = {Harper, D. A. T. Long, S. L. McCorrey, M.},
	organization = {Harper, D. A. T. Long, S. L. McCorrey, M.},
	address = {Copenhagen},
	author = {Kowalewski, M. and Simoes, M. G. and Barbour-Wood, S. L. and Krause R.A, Jr. and Rodriguez, S. C. and Wehmiller, J. F. and Rodland, D. L. and Carroll, M.}
}
@conference {1657,
	title = {An investigation of accurate gas exchange measurements for determing a large river carbon isotope mass balance},
	booktitle = {37th Liege International Colloquium on Gas Transfer at Water Survaces},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 490},
	month = {2005},
	address = {Liege, Belgium},
	author = {Raymond, P. A. and McGillis, W. R. and Bauer, J. E. and Caraco, N. F. and Cole, J. J.}
}
@article {926,
	title = {Isotopic constraints on the fate of petroleum residues sequestered in salt marsh sedimetns},
	journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 969},
	pages = {2545-2551},
	doi = {10.1021/es048675f},
	author = {White, H. K. and Reddy, C. M. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {1985,
	title = {Late neogene and quaternary evolution of the northern Albermarle Embayment (mid-Atlantic continental margin, USA)},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {217},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1160},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {97-117},
	author = {Mallinson, D. and Riggs, S. and Culver, S. and Thieler, R. and Foster, D. R. and Corbett, D. R. and Farrell, K. and J, Wehmiller}
}
@article {666,
	title = {Late-Quaternary lowstands of lake Bosumtwi, Ghana: evidence from high-resolution seismic-reflection and sediment-core data},
	journal = {Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology},
	volume = {216},
	year = {2005},
	note = {892ujTimes Cited:21Cited References Count:54},
	month = {Feb 1},
	pages = {235-249},
	abstract = {Results from the first high-resolution, single-channel seismic-reflection survey of tropical Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana, and sedimentological data from a C-14-dated sediment piston core were used to revise and extend the basin{\textquoteright}s late-Quaternary lake level history. We report four seismic sequence boundaries and an exposure surface from a sediment core. which are interpreted as erosional surfaces formed at times of drastic low lake level. The youngest erosional surf-ace occurs as much as 31 In below present lake level (bpll) and up to 0.7 in below the present sediment-water interface. This most recent unconformity observed in the seismic data is interpreted to be coeval with the basin-wide late-Holocene dry period between 0.5 and 1 cal ky BP (calendar years before present). Another exposure surface observed in a sediment core is based on an abrupt contact separating low density, wet, clay rich sediments from underlying high density, compact, silt-rich and rootlet-rich sediments, and is interpreted to have developed prior to 16.8 cal ky BP when the lake was similar to60 in bpll. Three older, erosional surfaces occur at depths of similar to92 +/- 3, 102 +/- 3, and 107 +/- 4 in bpll, suggesting numerous lowstands in Lake Bosumtwi during the late-Pleistocene. By extrapolation of average sedimentation rates (0.41 m/ky) from the upper similar to10.5 m of sediment, we estimate the ages of these older lowstands to be similar to65, similar to86 similar to108 cal ky BP. The lowstands of Lake Bosumtwi evidenced from the seismic and sediment core data are interpreted as a response to increased aridity in this part of the equatorial tropics and may correlate to other observed continent-wide shifts in African climate over the past 100 ky and possibly to rapid climatic shifts observed at high latitudes. Determining the precise timing of these lowstands will ultimately reveal much about the drought dynamics of tropical and subtropical Africa. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaco.2004.10.005},
	author = {Brooks, K. and Scholz, C. A. and King, J. W. and Peck, J. and Overpeck, J. T. and Russell, J. M. and Amoako, P. Y. O.}
}
@article {945,
	title = {The multi-centennial dynamics of an upwelling system revealed by stable isotope and trace element sclerochronology of amino-acid dated bivalve and brachiopod shells},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 717},
	pages = {525},
	author = {Krause, R. A., Jr. and Barbour-Wood, S. and Romanek, C. S. and Kowalewski, M. and Simoes, M. G. and Wehmiller, J. F.}
}
@conference {1726,
	title = {Organic matter inputs and metabolism in a large river estuary (the Hudson): Insights from natural abundance isotopes and whole system metabolism},
	booktitle = {American Society of Limnology and Oceanography},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 478},
	month = {2005},
	address = {Salt Lake City, UT},
	author = {Caraco, N. F. and Cole, J. J. and Raymond, P. A. and Bauer, J. E.}
}
@conference {1751,
	title = {Preliminary report on the archaeology and paleoecology of the Abalone Rocks Estuary, Santa Rosa Island, California},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth California Islands Symposium},
	volume = {CHIS-05-01},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 468},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {55-63},
	publisher = {National Park Service Technical Publications, Institute for Wildlife Studies, Arcata, California},
	organization = {National Park Service Technical Publications, Institute for Wildlife Studies, Arcata, California},
	address = {Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History},
	author = {Rick, T. C. and Kennett, D. J. and Erlandson, J. M.},
	editor = {Carcelon, D.}
}
@conference {1759,
	title = {Progress on a Gas Ion Source for Continuous-Flow Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	booktitle = {10th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 768},
	month = {2005},
	address = {Berkeley, California},
	author = {Roberts, M. L. and Schneider, R. J. and von Reden, K. F. and Han, B. X. and Rosenheim, B. E. and Hayes, J. M.},
	editor = {Knezovich, J. and et al.}
}
@article {580,
	title = {Radiocarbon dating and the "old shell" problem: direct dating of artifacts and cultural chronologies in coastal and other aquatic regions},
	journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2005},
	note = {970xgTimes Cited:33Cited References Count:40},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {1641-1648},
	abstract = {Archaeologists have long recognized the problem of the "old wood" effect in radiocarbon dating charcoal and wood samples, the age of which may be hundreds of years older than their use by humans. Such problems have resulted in significant changes in how most researchers select wood and charcoal samples for C-14 dating, with many now using relatively short-lived carbonized materials for dating. Despite the significant strides made in our understanding of the potential biases of the "old wood" effect, little emphasis has been placed on the possible impacts of dating "old shell" in archaeological deposits. The use of marine shell for C-14 dating is widespread in coastal areas around the world, including a growing emphasis on the dating of individual shell artifacts via Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). In dating shell artifacts, we have obtained several dates older than associated C-14 dates for short-lived subsistence remains from the same deposits, including great disparities (> 10,000 years) and more subtle differences (>= 100 years). These discrepancies appear to be due to the use of old shells by humans to make beads and other artifacts, including shells collected from fossil deposits, older archaeological sites, and beaches. The problems caused by the use of old shells to make beads and other artifacts are surmountable through careful sample selection, analysis of multiple 14 C dates on a variety of materials, and proper calibration procedures. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0305-4403},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jas.2005.05.005},
	author = {Rick, T. C. and Vellanoweth, R. L. and Erlandson, J. M.}
}
@article {1977,
	title = {Radiocarbon dating of alkenones from marine sediments: I. Isolation protocol},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2005},
	note = {993nkTimes Cited:13
Cited References Count:22
},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {401-412},
	abstract = {The chemical and isotopic compositions of long-chain (C-36-C-39) unsaturated ketones (alkenones), a unique class of algal lipids, encode surface ocean properties useful for paleoceanographic reconstruction. Recently, we have sought to extend the utility of alkenones as oceanic tracers through measurement of their radiocarbon contents. Here. we describe a method for isolation of alkenones from sediments as a compound class based on a sequence of wet chemical techniques. The steps involved, which include silica gel column chromatography, urea adduction, and silver nitrate-silica gel column chromatography, exploit various structural attributes of the alkenones. Amounts of purified alkenones estimated by GC/FID measurements were highly correlated with CO2 yields after sample combustion, indicating purities of greater than 90\% for samples containing >= 100 mu g C. The degree of alkenone unsaturation (U-37(K{\textquoteright})) also varied minimally through the procedure. We also describe a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to isolate individual alkenones for molecular-level structural and isotopic determination.},
	keywords = {AMS, carbon, indicators, proxy, records, tool},
	isbn = {0033-8222},
	author = {Ohkouchi, N. and Xu, L. and Reddy, C. M. and Montlucon, D. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {1978,
	title = {Radiocarbon dating of alkenones from marine sediments-III. Influence of solvent extractions procedures on 14C measurements of foraminifera},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 554},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {425-432},
	author = {Ohkouchi, N. and Eglinton, T. I. and Hughen, K. A. and Roosen, E. and Keigwin, L.}
}
@article {694,
	title = {Radiocarbon variability in the western North Atlantic during the last deglaciation},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {310},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Robinson, Laura FAdkins, Jess FKeigwin, Lloyd DSouthon, JohnFernandez, Diego PWang, S-LScheirer, Daniel SengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.2005/12/03 09:00Science. 2005 Dec 2;310(5753):1469-73. Epub 2005 Nov 3.},
	month = {Dec 02},
	pages = {1469-73},
	abstract = {We present a detailed history of glacial to Holocene radiocarbon in the deep western North Atlantic from deep-sea corals and paired benthic-planktonic foraminifera. The deglaciation is marked by switches between radiocarbon-enriched and -depleted waters, leading to large radiocarbon gradients in the water column. These changes played an important role in modulating atmospheric radiocarbon. The deep-ocean record supports the notion of a bipolar seesaw with increased Northern-source deep-water formation linked to Northern Hemisphere warming and the reverse. In contrast, the more frequent radiocarbon variations in the intermediate/deep ocean are associated with roughly synchronous changes at the poles.},
	issn = {0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1114832},
	author = {Robinson, L. F. and Adkins, J. F. and Keigwin, L. D. and Southon, J. and Fernandez, D. P. and Wang, S. L. and Scheirer, D. S.}
}
@article {992,
	title = {Reassessing human settlement on the south coast of San Miguel Island, California: The use of 14C dating as a reconnaissance tool},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 579},
	pages = {11-19},
	abstract = {Californias San Miguel Island contains over 600 archaeological sites, some occupied as early as 12,000 yr ago
and most located along the islands north coast. Archaeologists have long believed the south coast to have been marginal or
largely uninhabited. Burial of some landforms by sand dunes deposited after historical overgrazing, the lack of systematic survey,
and a dearth of radiocarbon dating have also contributed to an underestimation of the intensity of human land use along
the south coast of San Miguel Island. Our recent reconnaissance and dating of shell middens on the islands south coast indicate
more intensive occupation than previously thought, with numerous south coast sites spanning at least the past 9000 yr,
and demonstrate the utility of combining systematic archaeological reconnaissance and radiometrics in reconstructions of
human settlement and historical ecology in coastal environments.},
	url = {https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/view/2795/2560},
	author = {Braje, Todd J. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C.}
}
@article {287,
	title = {Terrace inundation as an autocyclic mechanism for parasequence formation: Galveston Estuary, Texas, USA},
	journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Research},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 2041; PT: J; UT: WOS:000230261600008},
	pages = {608-620},
	abstract = {Architecture of late Quaternary incised-valley fills is commonly attributed to the interplay between sea-level rise, sediment supply, and hydrodynamic processes. Inundation of fluvial terraces is commonly overlooked as an autocyclic mechanism for formation of parasequences. If the rate of sea-level rise and sediment supply is constant, architecture of terraced incised-valley fills will likely show backstepping parasequences. The control that variable antecedent topography has on architecture of incised-valley fills is examined in the Trinity incised valley, Texas. The Trinity valley is characterized by a series of downward-stepping terraces, and the Galveston Estuary formed above this irregular antecedent topography. Flooding surfaces, recognized in core by a decrease in sedimentation rates and a change from delta-plain to central-basin facies, formed at similar to -14 m, 8,200 cal. yr BP and similar to -10 m, 7,700 cal. yr BP, matching depths of the relatively flat fluvial terraces. Flooding surfaces formed rapidly and represent entire reorganization of the estuarine complex. Across the -10 m flooding surface, the river mouth and bay-head delta shifted landward at a rate of similar to 6.5 km per century and the associated barrier shoreline was stranded on the inner continental shelf, forming Heald Bank. Flooding surfaces formed as the rate of sea-level rise was decreasing, and are not associated with a decrease in sediment delivery to the estuary. As sea level inundates relatively flat fluvial terraces, rates of transgression rapidly increase, resulting in a sudden increase in accommodation space and an associated landward shift in coastal facies. Backstepping parasequences are inherent to the architecture of terraced incised-valley fills.},
	issn = {1527-1404},
	doi = {10.2110/jsr.2005.050},
	author = {Rodriguez, A. B. and Anderson, J. B. and Simms, A. R.}
}
@article {689,
	title = {Toward a Neoproterozoic composite carbon-isotope record},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {117},
	year = {2005},
	note = {960jtTimes Cited:414Cited References Count:174},
	month = {Sep-Oct},
	pages = {1181-1207},
	abstract = {Glacial deposits of Sturtian and Marinoan age occur in the well-studied Neoproterozoic successions of northern Namibia, South Australia, and northwestern Canada. In all three regions, the Marinoan glaciation is presaged by a large negative delta(13)C anomaly, and the cap carbonates to both glacial units share a suite of unique sedimentological, stratigraphic, and geochemical features. These global chronostratigraphic markers are the bases of a new correlation scheme for the Neoproterozoic that corroborates radiometric data that indicate that there were three glacial epochs between ca. 750 and 580 Ma. Intraregional correlation of Neoproterozoic successions in the present-day North Atlantic region suggests that glacial diamictite pairs in the Polarisbreen Group in northeastern Svalbard and the Tillite Group in eastern Greenland were deposited during the Marinoan glaciation, whereas the younger of a pair of glacials (Mortensnes Formation) in the Vestertana Group of northern Norway was deposited during the third (Gaskiers) Neoproterozoic glaciation. Gaskiers-aged glacial deposits are neither globally distributed nor overlain by a widespread cap carbonate but are associated with an extremely negative delta(13)C anomaly. The chronology developed here provides the framework for a new, high-resolution model carbon-isotope record for the Neoproterozoic comprising new delta(13)C (carbonate) data from Svalbard (Akademikerbreen Group) and Namibia (Otavi Group) and data in the literature from Svalbard, Namibia, and Oman. A new U-Pb zircon age of 760 +/- 1 Ma from an ash bed in the Ombombo Subgroup in Namibia provides the oldest direct time-calibration point in the compilation, but the time scale of this preliminary delta(13)C record remains poorly constrained.},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/B25630.1},
	author = {Halverson, G. P. and Hoffman, P. F. and Schrag, D. P. and Maloof, A. C. and Rice, A. H. N.}
}
@article {696,
	title = {Two abundant bioaccumulated halogenated compounds are natural products},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {307},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Teuten, Emma LXu, LiReddy, Christopher MengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.2005/02/12 09:00Science. 2005 Feb 11;307(5711):917-20.},
	month = {Feb 11},
	pages = {917-20},
	abstract = {Methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) have been found bioaccumulated in the tissues of a variety of aquatic animals and at concentrations comparable to those of anthropogenic halogenated organic compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The origin of the MeO-PBDEs has been uncertain; circumstantial evidence supports a natural and/or an industrial source. By analyzing the natural abundance radiocarbon content of two MeO-PBDEs isolated from a True{\textquoteright}s beaked whale (Mesoplodon mirus), we show that these compounds were naturally produced.},
	issn = {0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1106882},
	author = {Teuten, E. L. and Xu, L. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {404,
	title = {Using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography retention indices to estimate environmental partitioning properties for a complete set of diesel fuel hydrocarbons},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1700; 985UM Times Cited:30 Cited References Count:56},
	pages = {7172-7182},
	abstract = {Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) provides nearly complete composition data for some complex mixtures such as petroleum hydrocarbons. However, the potential wealth of physical property information contained in the corresponding two-dimensional chromatograms is largely untapped. We developed a simple but robust method to estimate GC x GC retention indices for diesel-range hydrocarbons. By exploiting n-alkanes as reference solutes in both dimensions, calculated retention indices were insensitive to uncertainty in the enthalpy of gas-stationary-phase transfer for a suite of representative diesel components. We used the resulting two-dimensional retention indices to estimate the liquid vapor pressures, aqueous solubilities, air-water partition coefficients, octanol-water partition coefficients, and vaporization enthalpies of a nearly complete set of diesel fuel hydrocarbons. Partitioning properties were typically estimated within a factor of 2; this is not as accurate as some previous estimation or measurement methods. However, these relationships may allow powerful and incisive analysis of phase-transfer processes affecting petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures in the environment. For example, GC x GC retention data might be used to quantitatively deconvolve the effects of water washing and evaporation on environmentally released diesel fuels.},
	issn = {0003-2700},
	doi = {10.1021/Ac051051n},
	author = {Arey, J. S. and Nelson, R. K. and Xu, L. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {2023,
	title = {The 14C AMS system at the University of Georgia},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research},
	volume = {B 233-224},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1809},
	month = {2004},
	author = {Roberts, M. L. and Culp, R. A. and Dvoracek, D. K. and Hodgins, G. W. L. and Neary, M. P. and Noakes, J. E.}
}
@article {465,
	title = {The 14C AMS system at The University of Georgia},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {223-224},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 2103},
	pages = {1-4},
	abstract = {The Center for Applied Isotope Studies at the University of Georgia has installed a compact 14C accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) system manufactured by the National Electrostatics Corporation, Middleton, Wisconsin. The system utilizes a 134 sample ion source and a 500 kV Pelletron. In terms of cost and size, the new system is a significant advance over previous technology. Details and performance of the new system will be presented.},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2004.04.004},
	author = {Roberts, M. L. and Culp, R. A. and Dvoracek, D. K. and Hodgins, G. W. L. and Neary, M. P. and Noakes, J. E.}
}
@article {993,
	title = {An 8700 year old shell midden from the south coast of San Miguel Island, California},
	journal = {Current Research in the Pleistocene},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1091},
	pages = {24-25},
	author = {Braje, Todd J. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C.}
}
@article {405,
	title = {Age and preservation of Amphistegina (foraminifera) in Hawaiian beach sand: implication for sand turnover rate and resource renewal},
	journal = {Marine Micropaleontology},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 178; 800DG Times Cited:3 Cited References Count:30},
	pages = {225-236},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon dating of tests of Amphistegina spp. from the surface sand of Hawaiian beaches has revealed ages up to 1500 years or more. Preservation is related to age: the residual umbos are older than the intact tests. The antiquity of some of the tests suggests that predictions of a sand turnover rate of less than 100 years time based on Amphistegina productivity studies are in error and that the majority of tests produced in nearshore environments of Hawaii do not accumulate on the beach. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0377-8398},
	doi = {10.1016/S0377-8398(03)00073-2},
	author = {Resig, J. M.}
}
@article {575,
	title = {A backbarrier overwash record of intense storms from Brigantine, New Jersey},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {210},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Sp. Iss. SI853thTimes Cited:74Cited References Count:37},
	month = {Sep 15},
	pages = {107-121},
	abstract = {Analysis of aerial photographs and historic charts indicates that the barrier beach at Brigantine, NJ has migrated landward 300 to 400 m since 1869, primarily as a result of overwash during hurricanes and winter storms. A series of vibracores from the backbarrier salt marsh reveals a millennial-scale stratigraphic record of overwash deposition. Carbon-14 (C-14) and Cesium-137 (Cs-137) radioisotopic methods were used to date over-wash deposits (washovers). The ages of recent washovers are consistent with deposition during intense storms in 1938, 1944, 1950, and 1962. An additional overwash deposit recovered in five of the sediment cores was likely deposited by an intense hurricane strike in 1821 or possibly in 1788. Two prehistoric overwash fans were likely deposited by intense storms striking the New Jersey Coast in the 7th to l4th centuries and 6th to 7th centuries A.D. The landward barrier migration indicates that the older overwash sediments were likely transported a considerably greater distance than the more recent overwash fans. The greater distance of transport may indicate that the prehistoric storms that deposited overwash fans across the study site were more intense than the most intense storm to strike this coast in the historic period, the hurricane of 182 1. The spatially variable occurrence of overwash deposition at this site points to a need for multisite stratigraphic surveys of extensive stretches of the coast in order to develop reliable records of past intense storm frequency from backbarrier environments. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.005},
	author = {Donnelly, J. P. and Butler, J. and Roll, S. and Wengren, M. and Webb, T.}
}
@article {2053,
	title = {Busted balls shell midden (CA-SMI-606): an early coastal site on San Miguel Island, California},
	journal = {North American Archaeologist},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 583},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {251-272},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Batterson, Melissa R.}
}
@article {717,
	title = {Carbon-isotopic shifts associated with heterotrophy and biosynthetic pathways in direct- and indirect-developing sea urchins},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {275},
	year = {2004},
	note = {847vnTimes Cited:4Cited References Count:34},
	pages = {139-151},
	abstract = {Natural abundances of C-13 were measured in bulk biomass and in individual lipids isolated from 2 species of sea urchins, Heliocidaris erythrogramma and H. tuberculata, and from calcareous and green benthic algae on which they were feeding. Planktonic larvae of H. erythrogramma are lecithotrophic whereas those of H. tuberculata are planktotrophic. The organisms were collected from a subtidal environment in Botany Bay, Sydney, Australia. The biomass of both consumers was enriched in C-13 relative to their diets by up to 1.8parts per thousand. The carbon skeletons of sterols from the urchins derive at least in part from de novo biosynthesis by the urchins. Depending on chain length and degree of unsaturation, carboxylic acids from the urchins derive from de novo blosynthesis (14:0, unsaturated acids), from the diet (18:0), or from both these sources (16:0). H. tuberculata synthesizes a greater distribution and proportion of unsaturated carboxylic acids. Odd-C and branched-chain carboxylic acids derive in part from bacterial sources and are enriched in C-13 relative to algal lipids and depleted relative to those in urchins. Only H. erythrogramma, which uses wax esters-as storage lipids in its relatively large and buoyant eggs, produces significant quantities of n-alkanols; n-alkanols in H, tuberculata derive from the diet. In terms of molecular distributions and isotopic compositions, the lipids in fecal matter from both heterotrophs resemble those of the diet rather than those of the urchins.},
	issn = {0171-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps275139},
	author = {Villinski, J. C. and Hayes, J. M. and Villinski, J. T. and Brassell, S. C. and Raff, R. A.}
}
@inbook {1404,
	title = {CA-SMI-548: A 9500 year old shell midden at Running Springs, San Miquel Island, California},
	booktitle = {Emerging from the Ice Age: Early Holocene Occupations on the Central California Coast},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 584},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {81-92},
	publisher = {San Luis Obispo County Archaeological Society Occasional Paper},
	organization = {San Luis Obispo County Archaeological Society Occasional Paper},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Vellanoweth, Rene L. and Largaespada, Tony},
	editor = {Bertrando, Ethan}
}
@article {2026,
	title = {Co2 and 3He in hydrothermal plumes: implications for mid-ocean ridge CO2 flux},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {226},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1518},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {449-464},
	author = {Resing, Joseph A. and Lupton, John E. and Feely, Richard A. and Lilley, Marvin D.}
}
@article {2022,
	title = {Comments on potential geologic and seismic hazards affecting coastal Ventura County, CCalifornia},
	journal = {U. S. Geological Survey OFR 1004-1286},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 420},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {19 p.},
	author = {Ross, S. D. Boore and Fisher, M. and Frankel, A. and Geist, E. and Hudnut, K. and Kayen, R. and Lee, H. and Normark, W. R. and Wong, F.}
}
@conference {1590,
	title = {A comparative analysis of time averaging for bivalves and brachiopods from a modern tropical shelf},
	booktitle = {Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 718},
	month = {2004},
	address = {Denver, CO, USA},
	abstract = {36(5):383},
	author = {Krause R.A, Jr. and Barbourl-Wood, S. L. and Wehmiller, J. F. and Kowalewski, M. and Simoes, M. G.}
}
@article {2028,
	title = {Controls on the variability of organic matter and dissolved inorganic carbon ages in northeast U.S. rivers},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {92},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 967},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {353-366},
	author = {Raymond, P. A. and Bauer, J. E. and Caraco, N. F. and Cole, J. J. and Longworth, B. E. and Petsch, S. T.}
}
@article {373,
	title = {Dating the rise of atmospheric oxygen},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {427},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1534; Bekker, A Holland, H D Wang, P-L Rumble, D 3rd Stein, H J Hannah, J L Coetzee, L L Beukes, N J England Nature. 2004 Jan 8;427(6970):117-20.},
	pages = {117-20},
	abstract = {Several lines of geological and geochemical evidence indicate that the level of atmospheric oxygen was extremely low before 2.45 billion years (Gyr) ago, and that it had reached considerable levels by 2.22 Gyr ago. Here we present evidence that the rise of atmospheric oxygen had occurred by 2.32 Gyr ago. We found that syngenetic pyrite is present in organic-rich shales of the 2.32-Gyr-old Rooihoogte and Timeball Hill formations, South Africa. The range of the isotopic composition of sulphur in this pyrite is large and shows no evidence of mass-independent fractionation, indicating that atmospheric oxygen was present at significant levels (that is, greater than 10(-5) times that of the present atmospheric level) during the deposition of these units. The presence of rounded pebbles of sideritic iron formation at the base of the Rooihoogte Formation and an extensive and thick ironstone layer consisting of haematitic pisolites and oolites in the upper Timeball Hill Formation indicate that atmospheric oxygen rose significantly, perhaps for the first time, during the deposition of the Rooihoogte and Timeball Hill formations. These units were deposited between what are probably the second and third of the three Palaeoproterozoic glacial events.},
	issn = {1476-4687 (Electronic) 0028-0836 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1038/nature02260},
	author = {Bekker, A. and Holland, H. D. and Wang, P. L. and Rumble, D. and Stein, H. J. and Hannah, J. L. and Coetzee, L. L. and Beukes, N. J.}
}
@article {2048,
	title = {Deglacial history of the Ecuadorian Andes and implication for climate variations: Preliminary results},
	journal = {Eos Trans. AGU Fall Meeting Supplement},
	volume = {85},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1003},
	month = {2004},
	author = {Hall, M. and Rinterknecht, V. R. and Schaefer, J. M. and R, Seager and Greene, A.}
}
@article {299,
	title = {Holocene evolution of the east Texas coast and inner continental shelf: Along-strike variability in coastal retreat rates},
	journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Research},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 2042; PT: J; UT: WOS:000221339900007},
	pages = {405-421},
	abstract = {The low gradient east Texas coast and inner-continental shelf, from Sabine Lake at the Texas-Louisiana border to the western end of Galveston Island, experienced extreme along-strike variations in rates of Holocene coastal retreat. Around 7.7 ka a barrier shoreline was located approximately 55 klm offshore. Toward the western end of Galveston Island, the shoreline retreated 55 km, occupying a position on the lagoon side of the Island by about 5.3 ka. Toward the Texas-Louisiana border, the shoreline retreated more gradually, occupying a position seaward of Sabine Bank by 5.3 ka. Between 4.7 ka and 2.8 ka the shoreline at Sabine Bank retreated -30 km, while Galveston Island prograded seaward. Bolivar Peninsula began to accrete around 1.5 ka. Heald and Sabine banks, located on the inner continental shelf above terraced fluvial deposits of the Trinity-Sabine incised valley, are the only preserved remnants of these former shoreline positions. Fluctuating rates of sea-level rise were not the forcing mechanism behind episodes of rapid shoreline retreat because these events were localized. Rather, along-strike variations in the rate of transgression were caused by the variable inner-shelf gradients, which increase towards the west, and the orientation of the Sabine incised valley and associated terraced fluvial deposits, which trend northeast-southwest (parallel to shore). As shorelines retreated over fluvial deposits, these served as local sand sources that enabled barrier islands to persist offshore, out of equilibrium with sea level. Once these sand sources became depleted, and/or sea level reached some critical threshold, barrier shorelines became stranded offshore as banks, and new shorelines formed landward. The geologic setting of coastal areas, specifically antecedent topography, plays a primary role in controlling coastal evolution. To accurately forecast long-term (centennial to millennial) coastal evolution, it is essential that impacts associated with variations in the underlying geology of coastal areas be incorporated into coastal forecasting models.},
	issn = {1527-1404},
	doi = {10.1306/092403740405},
	author = {Rodriguez, A. B. and Anderson, J. B. and Siringan, F. P. and Taviani, M.}
}
@article {655,
	title = {Hydrologic variation during the last 170,000 years in the southern hemisphere tropics of South America},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2004},
	note = {776jhTimes Cited:98Cited References Count:43},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {95-104},
	abstract = {Despite the hypothesized importance of the tropics in the global climate system, few tropical paleoclimatic records extend to periods earlier than the last glacial maximum (LGM), about 20,000 years before present. We present a well-dated 170,000-year time series of hydrologic variation from the southern hemisphere tropics of South America that extends from modem times through most of the penultimate glacial period. Alternating mud and salt units in a core from Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia reflect alternations between wet and dry periods. The most striking feature of the sequence is that the duration of paleolakes increased in the late Quaternary. This change may reflect increased precipitation, geomorphic or tectonic processes that affected basin hydrology, or some combination of both. The dominance of salt between 170,000 and 140,000 yr ago indicates that much of the penultimate glacial period was dry, in contrast to wet conditions in the LGM. Our analyses also suggest that the relative influence of insolation forcing on regional moisture budgets may have been stronger during the past 50,000 years than in earlier times. (C) 2003 University of Washington. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2003.08.007},
	author = {Fritz, S. C. and Baker, P. A. and Lowenstein, T. K. and Seltzer, G. O. and Rigsby, C. A. and Dwyer, G. S. and Tapia, P. M. and Arnold, K. K. and Ku, T. L. and Luo, S. D.}
}
@article {337,
	title = {Paleoclimate. A better radiocarbon clock},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {303},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 974; Bard, Edouard Rostek, Frauke Menot-Combes, Guillemette New York, N.Y. Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):178-9.},
	pages = {178-9},
	issn = {1095-9203 (Electronic) 0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1091964},
	author = {Bard, E. and Rostek, F. and Menot-Combes, G.}
}
@article {2010,
	title = {Plans for Expanded 14C Analyses at the NOSAMS Facility--a status and progress report. 9th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Nagoya, Japan, 9/2002},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research},
	volume = {B 223-224},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1810},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {50-54},
	author = {von Reden, K. and Donoghue, J. and Elder, K. and Gagnon, A. and Gerlach, D. and Griffin, V. S. and Healy, R. and Long, P. and McNichol, A. P. and Percy, D. and Roberts, M. L. and Schneider, R. J. and Xu, L. and Hayes, J.}
}
@article {1014,
	title = {Present status of radiocarbon calibration and comparison records based on Polynesian corals and Iberian Margin sediments},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2004},
	note = {956zfTimes Cited:30Cited References Count:33},
	pages = {1189-1202},
	abstract = {In this paper, we present updated information and results of the radiocarbon records based on Polynesian corals and on Iberian Margin planktonic foraminifera. The latter record was first published by Bard et al. (2004a,b), with the subsequent addition of some data by Shackleton et al. (2004). These data sets are compared with the IntCal98 record (Stuiver et al. 1998) and with data sets based on other archives, such as varves of Lake Suigetsu (Kitagawa and van der Plicht 1998, 2000), speleothems from the Bahamas (Beck et al. 2001), and Cariaco sediments (Hughen et al. 2004). Up to 26,000 cal BP, the Iberian Margin data agree within the errors of the other records. By contrast, in the interval between 33,000 and 41,000 cal BP, the Iberian Margin record runs between the Lake Suigetsu and Bahamian speleothem data sets, but it agrees with the few ImCal98 coral data and the Cariaco record.},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	url = {https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/view/4176/3601},
	author = {Bard, E. and Menot-Combes, G. and Rostek, F.}
}
@article {2035,
	title = {Quartz content and the quartz-to-plagioclase ratio determined by X-ray diffraction: a proxy for ice rafting in the northern North Atlantic?},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {218},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 713},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {389-401},
	author = {Moros, M. and McManus, J. F. and Rasmussen, T. and Kuijpers, A. and Dokken, T. and Snowball, I. and Jansen, E. and Neilsen, T.}
}
@article {2040,
	title = {Radiocarbon apportionment of fossil versus biofuel combustion sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Stockholm metropolitan area},
	journal = {Environ Sci Technol},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Mandalakis, ManolisGustafsson, Orjan
Reddy, Christopher M
Xu, Li
eng
Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2004/11/17 09:00
Environ Sci Technol. 2004 Oct 15;38(20):5344-9.
},
	month = {Oct 15},
	pages = {5344-9},
	abstract = {Source-diagnostic markers and the isotopic composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were examined in surface sediments from the greater Stockholm waterways to deduce the contribution from biomass sources to the environmental PAH load. The summed concentration of 20 PAHs ranged from 0.8 to 45.1 microg/g (dry weight) and exhibited a steep decline with increasing distance from the city center evidencing that sources within the metropolitan area of Stockholm dominate its PAH burden. Several diagnostic PAH ratios indicated an overwhelming predominance of pyrogenic sources over the petrogenic ones, while retene and 1,7-dimethylphenanthrene were unable to correctly evaluate the contribution from biomass combustion. The stable carbon isotope composition (delta13C) of individual PAHs ranged from -24.8 to -27.0\% but also was proved inefficient to discriminate between different types of fuels due to the overlapping signals in various sources. The delta14C values of PAHs ranged between -550.4 and -934.1\%, indicating a clear predominance of fossil fuel sources. By using an isotopic mass balance approach, we estimated that on average 17+/-9\% of PAHs derived from biomass combustion. This radiocarbon apportionment, in conjunction with detailed energy statistics for the Stockholm region, revealed that the ambient PAH burden is roughly similar, per unit energy produced, from fossil fuels and biofuels. Societies{\textquoteright} shifting energy policies toward a larger reliance on biofuels may thus not lead to further deterioration of air quality and respiratory ailments for the urban population.},
	keywords = {*Bioelectric Energy Sources, *Fossil Fuels, Biomass, Carbon Radioisotopes, Cities, Environmental Monitoring, Fresh Water, Geologic Sediments/*analysis, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/*analysis/isolation \& purification, Sweden, Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis/isolation \& purification},
	isbn = {0013-936X (Print)0013-936X (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1021/es049088x},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15543735},
	author = {Mandalakis, M. and Gustafsson, O. and Reddy, C. M. and Xu, L.}
}
@article {1012,
	title = {Radiocarbon calibration beyond 20,000 B.P. by means of planktonic foraminifera of the Iberian Margin},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 401},
	pages = {204-214},
	abstract = {We present a new set of 14C ages obtained by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) on planktonic foraminifera from a deep-sea core collected off the Iberian Margin (MD952042). This site, at 37{\textdegree}N, is distant from the high-latitude zones where 14C reservoir age is large and variable. Many independent proxies {\textemdash} alkenones, magnetic susceptibility, ice-rafted debris, foraminifera stable isotopes, abundances of foraminifera, pollen, and dinoflagellates {\textemdash} show abrupt changes correlative with Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich events of the last glacial period. The good stratigraphic agreement of all proxies {\textemdash} from the fine to the coarse-size fractions {\textemdash} indicates that the foraminifera 14C ages are representative of the different sediment fractions. To obtain reliable 14C ages of foraminifera beyond 20,000 14C yr B.P., we leached the shells prior to carbonate hydrolysis and subsequent analysis. For a calendar age scale, we matched the Iberian Margin U37K' profile with that of Greenland Summit δ18O. Both are proxies for temperature, which in models varies synchronously in the two areas. The match creates no spurious jumps in sedimentation rate and requires only a limited number of tie points. Except for ages older than 40,000 14C yr B.P., Greenland{\textquoteright}s GISP2 and GRIP records yield similar calendars. The 14C and imported calendar ages of the Iberian Margin record are then compared to data {\textemdash} from lacustrine annual varves and from corals and speleothems dated by U{\textendash}Th {\textemdash} previously used to extend the calibration beyond 20,000 14C yr B.P. The new record follows a smooth pattern between 23,000 and 50,000 cal yr B.P. We find good agreement with the previous data sets between 23,000 and 31,000 cal yr B.P. In the interval between 33,000 and 41,000 cal yr B.P., for which previous records disagree by up to 5000 cal yr, the Iberian Margin record closely follows the polynomial curve that was previously defined by an interpolation of the coral ages and runs between the Lake Suigetsu and the Bahamian speleothem data sets.},
	keywords = {Dansgaard-Oeschger events, Heinrich events, Laschamp magnetic excursion, Last glacial cycle, North Atlantic, Radiocarbon calibration},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2003.11.006},
	author = {Bard, E. and Rostek, F. and Menot-Combes, G.}
}
@article {2027,
	title = {Radiocarbon evidence for a naturally-produced, bioaccumulation halogenated organic compound},
	journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1806},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {1992-1997},
	author = {Reddy, C. M. and Xu, L. and O{\textquoteright}Neil, G. W. and Nelson, R. K. and Eglinton, T. I. and Faulkner, D. J. and Norstrom, R. and Ross, P. S. and Tittlemier, S. A.}
}
@article {2025,
	title = {Red abalone bead production and exchange on California{\textquoteright}s northern channel islands},
	journal = {North American Archaeologist},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 574},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {215-237},
	author = {Rick, Torben C.}
}
@article {2021,
	title = {Role of bottom water transport and diapycnic mixing in determing the radiocarbon distribution in the Pacific},
	journal = {J. Geophys. Res.},
	volume = {109},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 526},
	month = {2004},
	author = {Roussenov, V. and Williams, R. G. and Follows, M. J. and Key, R. M.}
}
@article {280,
	title = {Sensitivity of present and future surface temperatures to precipitation characteristics},
	journal = {Climate Research},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1696},
	pages = {53-65},
	abstract = {A model simulation study shows that different diurnal cycles of precipitation are consistent with radically different present and future climate characteristics. In projected future climate scenarios, divergence in the time of day and type of precipitation had very divergent impacts on the radiation balance and consequently on surface temperatures. The relationship between the diurnal cycle of precipitation versus the present and future climate was examined using the GISS-MM5 (Goddard Institute for Space Studies Mesoscale Model 5) regional climate modeling system with 2 alternative moist convection schemes. June-August (JJA) mean surface temperatures of the 1990s, 2050s, and 2080s were simulated over the eastern US on a double nested 108/36 km domain, with the 36 km domain centered over the eastern US. In the 1990s, one model version simulated maxima in (convective) precipitation during the early morning, while the second model simulated the hour of precipitation maxima with considerable spatial variability (in better agreement with observations). In the futuristic climate scenarios, differences in the time of day of precipitation had very important impacts on the radiation balance at the surface. One version gave more precipitation at night and fewer clouds during the day, promoting higher surface temperatures. The alternative version created more precipitation during the day, consistent with diminished absorption of solar radiation at the surface and consequently lower surface temperatures. The results demonstrate the importance of improving cumulus parameterizations in regional mesoscale and global climate models and suggest that such improvements would lead to greater confidence in model projections of climate change.},
	doi = {10.3354/cr028053},
	author = {Lynn, Barry H. and Druyan, Leonard and Hogrefe, Christian and Dudhia, Jimy and Rosenzweig, Cynthia and Goldberg, Richard and Rind, David and Healy, Richard and Rosenthal, Joyce and Kinney, Patrick}
}
@inbook {1453,
	title = {Social and economic dynamics on Late Holocene San Miguel Island, California},
	booktitle = {Foundations of Chumash Complexity},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 575},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {97-112},
	publisher = {UCLA Cotsen Institute of Archaeology},
	organization = {UCLA Cotsen Institute of Archaeology},
	address = {Los Angeles},
	author = {Rick, Torben C.},
	editor = {Arnold, Jeanne}
}
@article {686,
	title = {Spatial variations in a condensed interval between estuarine and open-marine settings: Holocene Hudson River estuary and adjacent continental shelf},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2004},
	note = {772lcTimes Cited:10Cited References Count:30},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {169-172},
	abstract = {An interval of stratigraphic condensation extending for 300 km from the fluvially dominated Hudson River estuary to the adjacent continental shelf reveals stratal relationships within an unconformity-rellated depositional sequence that are commonly difficult to resolve in seismic reflection profiles and outcrop. High-resolution side-scan sonar and bathymetry, more than 100 sediment cores similar to2 m long, and radioisotope (C-14, Cs-137) age control show that much of the valley was filled by ca. 3 to 1 ka. The present rate of sediment accumulation averages 1 mm/yr, corresponding with a sea-level rise of similar to1.2 mm/yr relative to local bedrock. Condensation is manifested today by sedimentary bypass in most parts of the estuary and by the trapping of available sediment (1.2-5.6 x 10(5) t/yr [metric tons]) along narrow reaches and primarily in the vicinity of the estuarine turbidity maximum, a part of the estuary located upstream of the salinity intrusion similar to25 km from the mouth (3.0 x 10(5) t/yr). Shelf condensation is due to sediment starvation. The condensed interval merges updip with a nascent sequence boundary as the estuary reaches its final filling phase and downdip with the sequence boundary that developed at the Last Glacial Maximum. Delta progradation may take place as available shelf accommodation is filled, but such sediments are expected to be removed once sea level begins to fall. This sedimentation pattern, in which a condensed interval merges with different sequence boundaries, is consistent with the stratigraphic record of the Atlantic margin back to the Paleogene and may be typical of sediment-starved margins.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G20150.1},
	author = {McHugh, C. M. G. and Pekar, S. F. and Christie-Blick, N. and Ryan, W. B. F. and Carbotte, S. and Bell, R.}
}
@article {2024,
	title = {Style, context, and chronology of a wooden canoe model from Santa Rosa Island, California},
	journal = {Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1092},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {301-307},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Johnson, John R. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Gamble, Lynn H.}
}
@conference {1809,
	title = {Time averaging on a shallow subtropical shelf: the search for a taphomomic clock},
	booktitle = {Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 719},
	month = {2004},
	address = {Washington, DC, USA},
	abstract = {36(2):134},
	author = {Barbour-Wood, S. L. and Krause R.A, Jr. and Kowalewski, M. and Wehmiller, J. F. and Simoes, M. G.}
}
@article {791,
	title = {Vegetation and sedimentation in the Lake Edward Basin, Uganda-Congo during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2004},
	note = {814suTimes Cited:11Cited References Count:77},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {1-18},
	abstract = {New palynological and sedimentological data obtained from the basal 3 m of core E96-2P from Lake Edward, Uganda-Congo record conditions wetter than present in the Edward basin from similar to11000 to 6700 yr BP, in phase with other climate and vegetation records of northern hemispheric East Africa. Dominant pollen taxa include Celtis spp., Alchornea spp., Olea spp., and Moraceae indicating a moist semi-deciduous tropical forest. More xeric indicators such as Amaranthaceae and Asteraceae together with Poaceae comprise less than 5\% of the pollen sum throughout this interval as compared with between 44 and 50\% during a lake lowstand at similar to2000 cal yr BP and at the core top ( near modern). The differences between these two assemblages suggest a similar to25 to 60\% increase in annual precipitation during the early- to mid-Holocene as compared to modern (1500-2000 vs. 1200 mm/yr today). Early Holocene sediments in E96-2P are composed of laminated diatom oozes with moderately high total sulfur concentrations (2.8-4.7\%) and no authigenic calcite, also indicative of conditions wetter than present. Between similar to9000 and 6700 yr BP, palynological and sedimentary proxies indicate sub-millennial-scale events related to changes in riverine discharge and runoff in the Edward basin. We attribute the variability in runoff, and hence precipitation, to Holocene variability in Indian or Atlantic Ocean SSTs or to shifts in the relative contribution of Indian and Atlantic moisture sources to the western Rift of equatorial Africa.},
	issn = {0921-2728},
	doi = {10.1023/B:JOPL.0000025253.51135.c4},
	author = {Beuning, K. R. M. and Russell, J. M.}
}
@article {617,
	title = {A 1600-year history of the Labrador Current off Nova Scotia},
	journal = {Climate Dynamics},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2003},
	note = {698thTimes Cited:25Cited References Count:31},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {53-62},
	abstract = {A multicore from Emerald Basin, on the continental margin off Nova Scotia, has a modern C-14 age at the top, and other C-14 dates indicate a linear sedimentation rate of similar to30 cm/ka to 1600 calendar years BP. This rate is great enough to record century-to-millennial scale changes in the surface and deep (similar to250 m) waters in the basin that are influenced by the Labrador Current. We applied five proxies for seawater temperature changes to the sediments of Emerald Basin, including the percent abundance and the oxygen isotope ratio (delta(18)O) of the polar planktonic foraminifer N. pachyderma (s.), the unsaturation ratio of alkenones (U-37(k{\textquoteright})) produced by prymnesiophyte phytoplankton, and the delta(18)O and Mg/Ca of benthic foraminifera. All five proxies indicate the ocean warmed suddenly sometime in the past 150 years or so. The exact timing of this event is uncertain because C-14 dating is inaccurate in recent centuries, but this abrupt warming probably correlates with widespread evidence for warming in the Arctic in the nineteenth century. Because the Canadian Archipelago is one of the two main sources for the Labrador Current, warming and melting of ice caps in that region may have affected Labrador Current properties. Before this recent warming, sea surface temperature was continually lower by 1-2 degreesC, and bottom water was colder by about 6 degreesC in Emerald Basin. These results suggest that there was no Medieval Warm Period in the coastal waters off Nova Scotia. Because there is also no evidence of medieval warming in the Canadian archipelago, it seems likely that coastal waters from Baffin Bay to at least as far south as Nova Scotia were continually cold for similar to1500 of the past 1600 years.},
	issn = {0930-7575},
	doi = {10.1007/s00382-003-0316-6},
	author = {Keigwin, L. D. and Sachs, J. P. and Rosenthal, Y.}
}
@article {732,
	title = {A 725 yr cycle in the climate of central Africa during the late Holocene},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2003},
	note = {710ajTimes Cited:27Cited References Count:34},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {677-680},
	abstract = {High-resolution analyses of the chemical and stable isotope composition of endogenic calcite from Lake Edward, an equatorial rift take in central Africa, reveal large oscillations in African climate and moisture balance over the past 5400 yr. These oscillations indicate a series of droughts from 4900 to 400 yr B.P. that define a drought period of similar to725 yr. This period may be correlated to variations in the Indian Ocean monsoons, as documented by similar periods in sea-surface salinity records from the northern Indian Ocean. The similarities in periodicity of the Lake Edward and Indian Ocean records may indicate that low-frequency variability within the Indian and Pacific Oceans dominates millennial-scale African moisture balance and the Holocene climate of the tropical Indian Ocean.},
	issn = {0016-8505},
	doi = {10.1130/G19449.1},
	author = {Russell, J. M. and Johnson, T. C. and Talbot, M. R.}
}
@article {2065,
	title = {The amplitude and phasing of climate change during the last deglaciation in the Sulu Sea, western equatorial Pacific},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2003},
	note = {677zxTimes Cited:122
Cited References Count:18
},
	month = {Apr 22},
	abstract = {[1] Variations in tropical sea surface temperature patterns and the phasing relative to climate change in higher-latitudes provide insight into the mechanisms of climate change on both orbital and shorter time-scales. Here, we present well-dated, high-resolution records of planktonic foraminiferal delta(18)O and Mg/Ca-based SST spanning the last deglaciation from the Sulu Sea, located in the western equatorial Pacific. The results indicate that the last glacial maximum was 2.3 +/- 0.5degreesC cooler than present in the Sulu Sea with a concomitant decrease in sea surface salinity. The similarity between variations in surface salinity in the Sulu Sea, the western and eastern equatorial Pacific, and the Greenland ice-core record suggests that the observed changes in salinity reflect large-scale rearrangement of atmospheric patterns, which were coherent and synchronous throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The results suggest that the glacial equatorial Pacific climate was strongly influenced by both tropical, and extra-tropical forcing, although it is not clear whether interannual (ENSO) variability is a good analogue of glacial-interglacial climate change.},
	keywords = {china, enso, level, monsoon, record, surface temperature},
	isbn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2002GL016612},
	author = {Rosenthal, Y. and Oppo, D. W. and Linsley, B. K.}
}
@conference {1563,
	title = {Ancient organic matter sources to the Hudson-Mohawk River system: implications of riverine transport of ancient organic matter for the global biogeochemical},
	booktitle = {American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1027},
	month = {2003},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	author = {Longworth, B. E. and Raymond, P. A. and Petsch, S. T.}
}
@article {938,
	title = {An assessment of the Late Holocene record of severe storm impacts from Lake Shelby, Alabama},
	journal = {Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1111},
	pages = {443-452},
	abstract = {The historical record of severe storms on the Gulf Coast extends back only about 100 years. To better predict how the Gulf Coast will be impacted by future climate change and associated changes in storm frequency it is necessary to extend the severe storm record back to the time when global climate was different than today. A 3200-year record of severe storm impacts was reported from Lake Shelby, AL, using sand layers as proxies of storm intensity and frequency (Liu and Fearn, 1993). To enhance the understanding of the Lake Shelby environment and changes that may occur during severe storms seismic data, water chemistry profiles, sediment cores, radiocarbon dates, and geochemical measurements were obtained. The results indicate that Lake Shelby is a stratified lake in terms of salinity and dissolved oxygen. The lake floor is composed of two general lithologies, gyttja located below about 2 m water depth, and sand located along the entire perimeter of the lake. Radiocarbon dates and stable isotope data indicate that the lake was a brackish water lagoon prior to 80014C yrs BP when it became isolated and transformed into a lacustrine environment. Interpretation of sand layers recognized in sediment cores from Lake Shelby as indicators of severe storms may be ambiguous. New data suggest that severe-storm records based on geochemical stratigraphy may provide higher resolution and confidence than conventional overwash techniques.},
	author = {Lambert, W. Joe and Aharon, Paul and Rodriguez, Antonio B.}
}
@article {2075,
	title = {Asynchronous alkenone and foraminifera records from the Benguela Upwelling System},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1067},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {2157-2171},
	author = {Mollenhauer, Gesine and Eglinton, Timothy I. and Ohkouchi, Naohiko and Schneider, Ralph R. and Muller, Peter J. and Grootes, Pieter M. and Rullkotter, Jurgen}
}
@article {2064,
	title = {The Catfish Lake scarp: preliminary field data and implications for earthquake hazards posed by the Tacoma fault},
	journal = {U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report},
	volume = {03-0455},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 430},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {11 p.},
	author = {Sherrod, B. L. and Nelson, A. R. and Kelsey, H. M. and Brocher, T. M. and Blakely, R. J. and Weaver, C. S. and Rountree, N. K. and Rhea, S. and Jackson, B. S.}
}
@conference {1592,
	title = {COMPARE04-Comparison/calibration of 14C records 26-50 ka},
	booktitle = {Abstracts, 18th International Radiocarbon Conf.},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 564},
	month = {2003},
	address = {Wellington, NZ},
	author = {van der Plicht, J. and Hughen, K. A. and Guilderson, T. P. and Reimer, P.}
}
@conference {1593,
	title = {A comparison of rates of time averaging between the bivalve Macoma cleryana and brachiopod Bouchardia rosea on a shallow subtropical shelf},
	booktitle = {Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 720},
	month = {2003},
	address = {Seattle, WA, USA},
	abstract = {35(6):273},
	author = {Barbour-Wood, S. L. and Krause R.A, Jr. and Kowalewski, M. and Wehmiller, J. F. and Simoes, M. G. and Goodfriend, G. A.}
}
@conference {1597,
	title = {Continuous-Flow Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	booktitle = {International Symposium on Radiation Physics},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1683},
	month = {2003},
	address = {Mexico City, Mexico},
	author = {Roberts, M. L. and Benthien, A. and Schneider, R. J. and von Reden, K. F. and Hayes, J. M.}
}
@article {2082,
	title = {Dates, demography, and disease: Cultural contacts and possible evidence for old world epidemics among the island Chumash},
	journal = {Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1022},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {1-16},
	author = {Erlandson, J. M. and Rick, T. C. and Kennett, D. J. and Walker, P. L.}
}
@article {2069,
	title = {Deep sea records from the southeast Labrador Ocean circulation changes and ice-rafting events during hte last 160,000 years},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 989},
	month = {2003},
	author = {Rasmussen, T. L. and Oppo, D. W. and Thompson, E. and Lehman, S. J.}
}
@article {2066,
	title = {Early cave occupations on San Miguel Island, California},
	journal = {Current Research in the Pleistocene},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1093},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {70-72},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Vellanoweth, Rene L.}
}
@article {2084,
	title = {East Asian monsoon forcing of suborbital variability in the Sulu Sea during Marine Isotope Stage 3: Link to Northern Hemisphere climate},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2003},
	note = {631mwTimes Cited:41
Cited References Count:53
},
	month = {Jan 2},
	abstract = {[1] We have generated a new high-resolution record of variations in planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes (delta(18)O) and Mg/Ca from a sediment core (IMAGES 97-2141) in the Sulu Sea located in the Philippine archipelago of western tropical Pacific. This record reveals distinct, suborbital-scale delta(18)O changes, most notably during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) (similar to30,000 to 60,000 years B.P.). The amplitudes of these delta(18)O fluctuations (0.4 to 0.7parts per thousand) exceed that which can be attributed to sea level changes and must be due to changes in sea surface conditions. In the same interval, variations in planktonic foraminifera Mg/Ca suggest that suborbital surface ocean temperature variations of 1 to 1.5degreesC in the Sulu Sea were not in phase with delta(18)O. Combined, this evidence indicates that the MIS3 millennial delta(18)O events in the Sulu Sea were primarily the result of changes in surface water salinity, which today is directly related to the East Asian Monsoon (EAM) and its influence on the balance between surface water contributions from the South China Sea and Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP). Within dating uncertainties the MIS3 Sulu Sea delta(18)O suborbital variability indicates that times of fresher surface conditions in the Sulu Sea coincide with similar conditions in the WPWP [Stott et al., 2002] and also with intensifications of the summer EAM as recorded in the U-Th dated Chinese (Hulu Cave) speleothem delta(18)O record [Wang et al., 2001] and thus by inference with interstadials in the Greenland Ice core records. Combined, these results indicate that pronounced suborbital variability in the summer EAM and Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during MIS3 was tightly coupled with climate conditions in the northern high latitudes.},
	keywords = {1620 global change : climate dynamics (3309), 4267 oceanography : general : paleoceanography, dissolution, equatorial pacific, eurasian snow cover, isotope stage 3, last glacial period, late pleistocene, Mg/Ca, millennial-scale climate change, oxygen isotopes, paleoceanography, planktonic-foraminifera, records, se asian monsoon, south china sea, summer monsoon, surface temperature-variations},
	isbn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2002GC000390},
	author = {Dannenmann, S. and Linsley, B. K. and Oppo, D. W. and Rosenthal, Y. and Beaufort, L.}
}
@article {615,
	title = {Ecosystem modulation of dissolved carbon age in a temperate marsh-dominated estuary},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2003},
	note = {746zrTimes Cited:42Cited References Count:73},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {694-705},
	abstract = {We measured the concentrations and isotopic values (Delta(14)C and delta(13)C) of dissolved inorganic, dissolved organic, and particulate organic carbon (DIC, DOC, and POC, respectively) in the Parker River watershed and estuary in Massachusetts, USA, to determine the age of carbon (C) entering the estuary and how estuarine processing affects the quantity and apparent age of C transported to the Gulf of Maine. The watershed measurements indicated the transport of Delta(14)C-enriched modern DIC and DOC and variably aged POC from the watershed to the estuary. The transport of organic matter from the watershed was dominated by DOC transport, with POC making up less than 10\% of the total. Surveys within the watershed aimed at determining which land-use type dominated the DOC export indicated that wetlands, although they made up only around 20\% of the land use, could be responsible for approximately 75\% of the DOC export. We therefore conclude that the wetland land uses of the Parker River watershed are exporting mainly Delta(14)C-enriched modem DOC. DIC isotopes indicate that the source of DIC in the Parker River watershed is dominated by the weathering of noncarbonate parent material by Delta(14)C-enriched carbon dioxide (CO2) originating from the respiration of young organic matter in soils. Transects in the estuary displayed net additions of all C species. For DOC and DIC, the export of this internally added DOC and DIC was approximately equal to the amount being exported from the watershed, showing the importance of focusing on estuaries when estimating the export of C to the coastal ocean. With respect to DIC, the total input is even larger when the atmospheric exchange of excess PCO2 is calculated. The Delta(14)C -DOC and Delta(14)C-DIC transects indicate that the internally added DOC and DIC is Delta(14)C-enriched modern material. The source of this material is the fringing marshes and estuarine phytoplankton, with the relative importance of these two sources changing over time. Taken together, the bulk C and Delta(14)C measurements show that the estuary is adding significant quantities of young DOC despite the presence of vast quantities of old marsh peat flanking the entire estuary. Furthermore, the DIC data indicate that Delta(14)C-enriched modern material is what is fueling the majority of heterotrophic respiration within the system.},
	issn = {1432-9840},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-002-0213-6},
	author = {Raymond, P. A. and Hopkinson, C. S.}
}
@conference {1631,
	title = {Evaluating system-specific variability in riverine organic matter ages: implications for determining terrestrial contributions to oceanic DOC},
	booktitle = {Symposium on New Approaches in Marine Organic Biogeochemistry},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 486},
	month = {2003},
	address = {Friday Harbor Laboratory, Seattle, WA},
	author = {Raymond, P. A.}
}
@article {747,
	title = {Extensive deposits on the Pacific plate from Late Pleistocene North American glacial lake outbursts},
	journal = {Journal of Geology},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2003},
	note = {758frTimes Cited:37Cited References Count:53},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {617-637},
	abstract = {One of the major unresolved issues of the Late Pleistocene catastrophic-flood events in the northwestern United States (e.g., from glacial Lake Missoula) has been what happened when the flood discharge reached the ocean. This study compiles available 3.5-kHz high-resolution and airgun seismic reflection data, long-range sidescan sonar images, and sediment core data to define the distribution of flood sediment in deepwater areas of the Pacific Ocean. Upon reaching the ocean at the mouth of the Columbia River near the present-day upper continental slope, sediment from the catastrophic floods continued flowing downslope as hyperpycnally generated turbidity currents. The turbidity currents resulting from the Lake Missoula and other latest Pleistocene floods followed the Cascadia Channel into and through the Blanco Fracture Zone and then flowed west to the Tufts Abyssal Plain. A small part of the flood sediment, which was stripped off the main flow at a bend in the Cascadia Channel at its exit point from the Blanco Fracture Zone, continued flowing more than 400 km to the south and reached the Escanaba Trough, a rift valley of the southern Gorda Ridge. Understanding the development of the pathway for the Late Pleistocene flood sediment reaching Escanaba Trough provides insight for understanding the extent of catastrophic flood deposits on the Pacific plate.},
	issn = {0022-1376},
	doi = {10.1086/378334},
	author = {Normark, W. R. and Reid, J. A.}
}
@article {2068,
	title = {Heterogeneity in the radiocarbon content of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in household soot},
	journal = {Environmental Forensics},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 507},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {191-197},
	author = {Reddy, C. M. and Xu, L. and O{\textquoteright}Connor, R.}
}
@article {937,
	title = {Late-Quaternary cold events recorded in the Southern Ocean sediments, Pacific Sector},
	journal = {Terra Antartica},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1000},
	pages = {100-105},
	author = {Langone, L. and Capotondi, L. and Giglio, F. and Focaccia, P. and C, Morigi and Ravaioli, M.}
}
@article {714,
	title = {Microbial dolomite crusts from the carbonate platform off western India},
	journal = {Sedimentology},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2003},
	note = {724ejTimes Cited:19Cited References Count:69},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {819-830},
	abstract = {The occurrence of Late Pleistocene dolomite crusts that occur at 64 m depth on the carbonate platform off western India is documented. Dolomite is the most predominant mineral in the crusts. In thin section, the crust consists of dolomitized microlaminae interspersed with detrital particles. Under scanning electron microscopy, these laminae are made up of tubular filaments or cellular structures of probable cyanobacterial origin. Dolomite crystals encrust or overgrow the surfaces of the microbial filaments and/or cells; progressive mineralization obliterates their morphology. Well-preserved microbial mats, sulphide minerals (pyrrhotite and marcasite) and the stable isotope composition of dolomite in the crusts indicate hypersaline and anoxic conditions during dolomite formation. The crusts are similar to dolomite stromatolites, and biogeochemical processes related to decaying microbial mats under anoxic conditions probably played an important role in dolomite precipitation. The dolomite is therefore primary and/or very early diagenetic in origin. The dolomite crusts are interpreted to be a composite of microbial dolomite overprinted by early burial organic dolomite. The results of this study suggest that a microbial model for dolomite formation may be relevant for the origin of ancient massive dolomites in marine successions characterized by cryptalgal laminites. The age of the crusts further suggests that the platform was situated at shallow subtidal depths during the Last Glacial Maximum.},
	issn = {0037-0746},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1365-3091.2003.00574.x},
	author = {Rao, V. P. and Kessarkar, P. M. and Krumbein, W. E. and Krajewski, K. P. and Schneider, R. J.}
}
@article {643,
	title = {Mid-holocene climate change in Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2003},
	note = {716arTimes Cited:43Cited References Count:39},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {133-141},
	abstract = {Lake Bosumtwi is one of the most widely studied palaeoclimate archives in West Africa. Results from numerous AMS C-14 dates of samples from four piston cores from Lake Bosumtwi show that an abrupt sedimentary transition from a mid-Holocene sapropel to calcareous laminated muds occurred at about 3200 cal yr B.P. High-resolution analyses of the nitrogen isotopic composition of organic matter across this transition confirm its abrupt nature, and suggest that the change may signal a step toward increased aridity and intensified surface winds that affected western equatorial Africa from Ghana to the Congo basin. Northern and Eastern Africa experienced a similar abrupt shift toward aridity during the late Holocene, but at about 5000 cal yr B.P., a difference in timing that illustrates the regional nature of climate changes during the Holocene and the importance of feedback mechanisms in regulating Holocene climate variability. Furthermore, an abrupt change at about 3000 cal yr B.P. occurs at several sites adjacent to the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, which may hint at major changes in the surface temperatures of the tropical Atlantic and/or Pacific at this time. (C) 2003 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00065-6},
	author = {Russell, J. and Talbot, M. R. and Haskell, B. J.}
}
@conference {1711,
	title = {Niaqla revisited: Archaeology and ethnohistory of a Chumash Village on Santa Rosa Island, California},
	booktitle = {Society for California Archaeology 16},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 576},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {149-156},
	author = {Rick, Torben C.}
}
@article {2072,
	title = {Paleoenvironmental inferences from core Anta95-1 (Granite Harobr, Sw Ross Sea-Antarctica)},
	journal = {Terra Antarctica reports},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1001},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {133-138},
	author = {Orsini, G. and Giglio, F. and Langone, L. and Ravaioli, M.}
}
@article {644,
	title = {A possible record of the Younger Dryas event in deep-sea sediments of the Southern Ocean (Pacific sector)},
	journal = {Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology},
	volume = {198},
	year = {2003},
	note = {723feTimes Cited:15Cited References Count:55},
	month = {Sep 15},
	pages = {265-278},
	abstract = {The oxygen isotope record combined with radiocarbon dating from two deep-sea cores collected along a transect between New Zealand and the Ross Sea are used to establish a reliable chronostratigraphy for the last 14 kyr. After an integrated geochemical and micropaleontological analysis in this timeframe we detected a cooling interval dated between 12.5 cal kyr BP and 11.4 cal kyr BP. The age control suggests that this event started 1.5 kyr after the onset of the Antarctic Cold Reversal previously observed in several Antarctic ice cores. We infer that the observed cool event corresponds to the Younger Dryas event defined in Northern Europe. This suggests that climate change recorded in this sector of the Southern Hemisphere still shows some synchronicity with Northern Hemisphere variations and that the decoupling of climate change between the two hemispheres likely occurred south of the Polar Front. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00404-8},
	author = {Morigi, C. and Capotondi, L. and Giglio, F. and Langone, L. and Brilli, M. and Turi, B. and Ravaioli, M.}
}
@article {2080,
	title = {Sediment characteristics at selected sites of the Ross Sea continental shelf: does the sedimentary record reflect water column fluxes?},
	journal = {Antarctic Science},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 440},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {133-139},
	author = {Frignani, M. and Giglio, F. and Accornero, A. and Langone, L. and Ravaioli, M.}
}
@article {792,
	title = {Soil-productivity relationships and organic matter turnover in dry tropical forests of the Florida Keys},
	journal = {Plant and Soil},
	volume = {253},
	year = {2003},
	note = {702ymTimes Cited:12Cited References Count:46},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {479-492},
	abstract = {Soils and aboveground production in five types of upland forest in the Florida Keys were examined. Throughout the habitat gradient represented by these forest types, the soils were predominantly shallow and organic, forming in place directly on the limestone bedrock. However, the well-drained soils in the most productive broadleaved forests were deep enough to qualify as Histosols (Folists). Soils decreased in electrical conductivity and increased in nutrient content with increasing aboveground production. At 3-12 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1), production was within the range reported for dry tropical forests. Measured rates of decomposition were moderate or fast, and estimates of the organic C turnover of several soils based on their bomb radiocarbon signature were 100 years or less. In the face of these rapid turnover rates, we attribute the development of organic soils to the absence of mineral residues from weathering of the underlying limestone bedrock. Fast turnover of organic matter, and rapid and efficient cycling of nutrients are necessary to sustain the high production rates obtained on these shallow organic soils.},
	issn = {0032-079x},
	doi = {10.1023/A:1024843130866},
	author = {Ross, M. S. and Coultas, C. L. and Hsieh, Y. P.}
}
@article {2067,
	title = {Tufts submarine fan: Turbidity-current gateway to Escanaba Trough},
	journal = {U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2216},
	volume = {Bulletin 2216},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 418},
	month = {2003},
	author = {Reid, J. A. and Normark, W. R.}
}
@article {708,
	title = {Using radiocarbon to apportion sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in household soot},
	journal = {Environmental Forensics},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2003},
	note = {731ytTimes Cited:16Cited References Count:42},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {191-197},
	abstract = {To determine whether polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (FAHs) in household soot were derived from the combustion of scrap wood or creosote that was impregnated in the wood (or some combination of both), the molecular composition and radiocarbon (C-14) content of the total carbon and several PAHs in the soot was investigated. The 5730-year half-life of C-14 makes it an ideal marker for identifying creosote-derived PAHs (C-14-free) versus those derived from the combustion of wood (contemporary C-14). The C-14 abundance of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and retene was determined by accelerator mass spectrometry after solvent extraction and purification by preparative capillary gas chromatography. The molecular analysis (presence of retene and 1,7-dimethylphenanthrene) and bulk C-14 content (contemporary) of the soot indicated that wood combustion was a strong source of carbon to the soot. The C-14 of retene in two soot samples was also contemporary, indicating that it was derived from the combustion of the scrap wood. These results are consistent with previous work that has suggested that retene is an excellent marker of wood combustion. However, the C-14 content of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene in one soot sample was much lower and revealed that these compounds had a mixed creosote and wood source. Using an isotopic mass balance approach, we estimate that 40 to 70\% of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene were derived from the combustion of the scrap wood. The results of this study show that molecular marker and bulk C-14 analysis can be potentially misleading in apportioning sources of every PAH, and that molecular-level C-14 analysis of PAHs can be a powerful tool for environmental forensics.},
	issn = {1527-5922},
	doi = {10.1080/15275920390230778},
	author = {Reddy, C. M. and Xu, L. and O{\textquoteright}Connor, R.}
}
@article {2081,
	title = {Variations in the hydrological regime of Kara-Bogaz-Gol Gulf Lake Issyk-Kul, and the Aral Sea assessed based on data of bottom sediment studies},
	journal = {Water Resources},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 493},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {252-259},
	author = {Ferronskii, V. I. and Polyakov, V. A. and Brezgunov, V. S. and Vlasova, L. S. and Karpychev, Yu A. and Bobkov, A. F. and Romaniovskii, V. V. and Johnson, T. C. and Ricketts, R. D. and Rasmussen, K. A.}
}
@article {2097,
	title = {An 11,000 year lithostratigraphic and paleohydrologic record from equatorial Africa: Lake Edward, Uganda-Congo},
	journal = {Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {193},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1010},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {25-49},
	author = {Russell, J. M. and Johnson, T. C. and Kelts, K. R. and Laerdal, T. and Talbot, M. R.}
}
@conference {1546,
	title = {The 14C AMS system at the University of Georgia},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1684},
	month = {2002},
	address = {Nagoya, Japan},
	author = {Roberts, M. L. and Culp, R. A. and Dvoracek, D. K. and Hodgins, G. W. L. and Neary, M. P. and Noakes, J. E.}
}
@article {532,
	title = {A 4000-Year Lacustrine Record of Environmental Change in the Southern Maya Lowlands, Pet{\'e}n, Guatemala},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 2106},
	pages = {183-190},
	abstract = {A 4000-yr sediment core record from Lake Salpet{\'e}n, Guatemala, provides evidence for Maya-induced forest clearance and consequent soil erosion between \~{}1700 cal yr B.C. and 850 cal yr A.D. Radiocarbon ages of wood, seeds, and charcoal support an age-depth model with average errors of {\textpm}110 cal yr. Relatively low carbonate δ18O values between 1300 and 400 cal yr B.C. coincide with pollen evidence for forest loss, consistent with increased surface and groundwater flow to the lake. Minimum δ18O values between 400 cal yr B.C. and 150 cal yr A.D. suggest a high lake level, as do 14C-dated aquatic gastropods as much as 7.5 m above the present lake stage. High lake levels resulted from reduced evaporation-to-precipitation ratios, increased hydrologic input caused by anthropogenic deforestation, or both. The Preclassic abandonment (150 A.D.) and Early Classic/Late Classic boundary (550 A.D.) are marked by relatively high δ18O values indicating reduced lake levels. Oxygen isotope composition increased further coincident with the Terminal Classic Maya demographic decline between 800 and 900 A.D. This period of high δ18O may have been caused by the greater aridity that has been documented in northern Yucat{\'a}n lakes or by decreased hydrologic input to the lake as a consequence of forest recovery. Reduced soil erosion after 850 cal yr A.D. coincided with the Terminal Classic Maya demographic decline and permitted forest recovery and resumption of organic sedimentation.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1006/qres.2001.2305},
	author = {Rosenmeier, Michael F. and Hodell, David A. and Brenner, Mark and Curtis, Jason H. and Guilderson, Thomas P.}
}
@article {2100,
	title = {A 6100 14C year record of El Nino activity from the Galapagos Islands},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1485},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {1-7},
	author = {Riedinger, M. A. and Steinitz-Kannan, M. and Last, W. M. and Brenner, M.}
}
@article {947,
	title = {Abundant brachiopods on a tropical, upwelling-influenced shelf (Southeast Brazilian Bight, South Atlantic},
	journal = {Palaios},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1416},
	pages = {277-286},
	abstract = {Rhynchonelliform brachiopods were diverse and often dominant benthos of tropical seas in the Paleozoic. In contrast, they are believed to be rare in open habitats of modern oceans, especially at low latitudes. This study documents numerous occurrences of rhynchonelliform brachiopods on a modern tropical shelf, particularly in areas influenced by upwelling. Extensive sampling of the outer shelf and coastal bays of the Southeast Brazilian Bight revealed dense populations of terebratulid brachiopods (>103 individuals / m2 of seafloor) between 24{\textdegree} and 26{\textdegree}S. On the outer shelf, brachiopods are more abundant than bivalves and gastropods combined. However, brachiopod diversity is low: only four species belonging to the genera Bouchardia, Terebratulina, Argyrotheca, and Platidia were identified among over 16000 examined specimens. Brachiopods occur preferentially on carbonate bottoms and include two substrate-related associations: Bouchardia (40{\textendash}70\% CaCO3 weight content) and Terebratulina-Argyrotheca (70{\textendash}95\% CaCO3). All four species display a broad bathymetric range that contrasts with a narrow depth tolerance postulated for many Paleozoic rhynchonelliforms. The most abundant populations occur in the depth range between 100 and 200 m, and coincide with zones of shelf-break upwelling, where relatively colder and nutrient-rich water masses of the South Atlantic Central Water are brought upward by cyclonic meanders of the South Brazil Current (a western boundary current that flows poleward along the coast of Brazil). This is consistent with previous biological and paleontological studies that suggest upwelling may play a role in sustaining brachiopod-dominated benthic associations. The presence of abundant brachiopods in the open habitats of the tropical shelf of the western South Atlantic contrasts with current understanding of their latitudinal distribution and points to major gaps in our knowledge of their present-day biogeography. The ecological importance of rhynchonelliform brachiopods in modern oceans and their role as producers of biogenic sedimentary particles may be underestimated.},
	doi = {10.1669/0883-1351(2002)017\&lt;0277:ABOATU\&gt;2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Kowalewski, M. and Simeos, M. G. and Carroll, M. and Rodland, D. L.}
}
@article {2101,
	title = {On the antiquity of the single-piece shell fishhook: AMS radiocarbon evidence from the southern California coast},
	journal = {Journal of Archaeological Sciences},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1024},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {933-942},
	author = {Rick, T. C. and Vellanoweth, R. L. and Erlandson, J. M. and Kennett, D. J.}
}
@inbook {2423,
	title = {Biogenic silica profiles in the sediments of large tropical lakes: examples from East Africa},
	booktitle = {Sedimentation in Continental Rifts},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 343},
	month = {2002},
	publisher = {Spec. Publ. Society Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists},
	organization = {Spec. Publ. Society Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists},
	author = {Johnson, T. C.},
	editor = {Renaut, R. W.}
}
@article {891,
	title = {Chemical composition and cycling of dissolved organic matter in the Mid-Atlantic Bight},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2002},
	note = {607kxTimes Cited:74Cited References Count:44},
	pages = {4421-4437},
	abstract = {This study focuses on the chemical characterization of high molecular-weight dissolved organic matter (HMW DOM) isolated from the Middle Atlantic Bight in April 1994 and March 1996. Using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((HNMR)-H-1) and monosaccharide analysis we compared both spatial and temporal variations in the chemical structure of HMW DOM across this region. Our analyses support the presence of at least two compositionally distinct components to HMW DOM. The major component is acyl polysaccharide (APS), a biopolymer rich in carbohydrates, acetate and lipid, accounting for between 50\% and 80\% of the total high molecular-weight dissolved organic carbon (HMW DOC) in surface samples. APS is most abundant in fully marine, surface-water samples, and is a product of autochthonous production. Organic matter with spectral properties characteristic of humic substances is the second major component of HMW DOM. Humic substances are most abundant (up to 49\% of the total carbon) in samples collected from estuaries, near the coast, and in deep water, suggesting both marine and perhaps terrestrial sources. Radiocarbon analyses of neutral monosaccharides released by the hydrolysis of APS have similar and modern (average 71parts per thousand) Delta(14)C values. Radiocarbon data support our suggestion that these sugars occur as part of a common macromolecule, with an origin via recent biosynthesis. Preliminary radiocarbon data for total neutral monosaccharides isolated from APS at 300 and 750m show this fraction to be substantially enriched relative to total HMW DOC and DOC. The relatively enriched radiocarbon values of APS at depth suggest APS is rapidly transported into the deep ocean. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00124-8},
	author = {Aluwihare, L. I. and Repeta, D. J. and Chen, R. F.}
}
@article {2121,
	title = {Composition, age, provenance of organic matter in N. W. African dust over the Atlantic Ocean},
	journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems G3},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 611},
	month = {2002},
	author = {Eglinton, T. I. and Eglinton, G. and Dupont, L. and Montlucon, D. and Sholkovitz, E. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {668,
	title = {A Critical Evaluation of Interlaboratory Data on Total, Elemental, and Isotopic Carbon in the Carbonaceous Particle Reference Material, NIST SRM 1649a},
	journal = {J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Currie, L ABenner, B A JrKessler, J DKlinedinst, D BKlouda, G AMarolf, J VSlater, J FWise, S ACachier, HCary, RChow, J CWatson, JDruffel, E R MMasiello, C AEglinton, T IPearson, AReddy, C MGustafsson, OQuinn, J GHartmann, P CHedges, J IPrentice, K MKirchstetter, T WNovakow, TPuxbaum, HSchmid, Heng2002/01/01 00:00J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol. 2002 Jun 1;107(3):279-98. doi: 10.6028/jres.107.022. Print 2002 May-Jun.},
	month = {May-Jun},
	pages = {279-98},
	abstract = {Because of increased interest in the marine and atmospheric sciences in elemental carbon (EC), or black carbon (BC) or soot carbon (SC), and because of the difficulties in analyzing or even defining this pervasive component of particulate carbon, it has become quite important to have appropriate reference materials for intercomparison and quality control. The NIST "urban dust" Standard Reference Material((R)) SRM 1649a is useful in this respect, in part because it comprises a considerable array of inorganic and organic species, and because it exhibits a large degree of ((14)C) isotopic heterogeneity, with biomass carbon source contributions ranging from about 2 \% (essentially fossil aliphatic fraction) to about 32 \% (polar fraction). A primary purpose of this report is to provide documentation for the new isotopic and chemical particulate carbon data for the most recent (31 Jan. 2001) SRM 1649a Certificate of Analysis. Supporting this is a critical review of underlying international intercomparison data and methodologies, provided by 18 teams of analytical experts from 11 institutions. Key results of the intercomparison are: (1) a new, Certified Value for total carbon (TC) in SRM 1649a; (2) (14)C Reference Values for total carbon and a number of organic species, including for the first time 8 individual PAHs; and (3) elemental carbon (EC) Information Values derived from 13 analytical methods applied to this component. Results for elemental carbon, which comprised a special focus of the intercomparison, were quite diverse, reflecting the confounding of methodological-matrix artifacts, and methods that tended to probe more or less refractory regions of this universal, but ill-defined product of incomplete combustion. Availability of both chemical and (14)C speciation data for SRM 1649a holds great promise for improved analytical insight through comparative analysis (e.g., fossil/biomass partition in EC compared to PAH), and through application of the principle of isotopic mass balance.},
	issn = {1044-677X (Linking)},
	doi = {10.6028/jres.107.022},
	author = {Currie, L. A. and Benner, B. A., Jr. and Kessler, J. D. and Klinedinst, D. B. and Klouda, G. A. and Marolf, J. V. and Slater, J. F. and Wise, S. A. and Cachier, H. and Cary, R. and Chow, J. C. and Watson, J. and Druffel, E. R. and Masiello, C. A. and Eglinton, T. I. and Pearson, A. and Reddy, C. M. and Gustafsson, O. and Quinn, J. G. and Hartmann, P. C. and Hedges, J. I. and Prentice, K. M. and Kirchstetter, T. W. and Novakow, T. and Puxbaum, H. and Schmid, H.}
}
@conference {1623,
	title = {ENSO mid-Holocene onset: constraints from an open ocean record in the eastern equatorial Pacific},
	booktitle = {AGU},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 352},
	month = {2002},
	author = {Richaud, M. and Loubere, P.}
}
@article {2102,
	title = {Eolian processes, ground cover, and the archaeology of coastal dunes: a taphonomic case study from San Miguel Island, California, U.S.A},
	journal = {Geoarchaeology},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1089},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {811-833},
	author = {Rick, Torben C.}
}
@article {301,
	title = {Holocene chronology of a continental shelf mudbelt off southwestern Africa},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 220},
	pages = {59-67},
	abstract = {The Holocene lithostratigraphy and geochronology of sediments on an inner continental-shelf mudbelt off the west coast of southern Africa is presented. Based on a study of seven large gravity cores, numerous grab samples and two vibracores, two distinctive sections of the mudbelt have been identi{\textquotedblright} ed. The northern section is associated with the Orange River prodelta, and is dominated by laminated clay-rich sediments, while the southern section off Namaqualand is associated with more homogeneous muds. AMS radiocarbon ages of 31 samples from these cores are problematic due to the absence of expected modern material at the sedimentocean interface and numerous age reversals and inconsistencies in some of the cores. Possible mechanisms to explain the apparently anomalously old surface and near-surface samples are suggested. Most likely expla nations appear to lie in a combination of sediment-retrieval problems, the periodic loss of {\textquotedblright} ne particulate organic carbon from within the water column, the sampling of possible relic sediments and, most likely of all, the incorporation into the sediments of 14C-depleted terrigenous organic matter. The age reversals are especially evident in the laminated sediments, and the entrainment of {\textquoteleft}old{\textquoteright} carbon from the terrestrial source of these sediments is offered as the most parsimonious explanation. Stable carbon isotope analyses and a single lumi nescence age support the contention that radiocarbon date inconsistencies are a consequence of terrestrial inputs of carbon which is non-contemporaneous with the actual time of sedimentation. In studies of offshore accumulations of terrigenous material, the marine-derived organic fraction may therefore prove a more reliable measure of radiocarbon chronology.},
	doi = {10.1191/0959683602hl521rp},
	author = {Meadows, M. E. and Rogers, J. and Lee-Throp, J. A. and Bateman, M. D. and Dingle, R. V.}
}
@article {2099,
	title = {Influence of Vegetation Change on Watershed Hydrology: Implications for Paleoclimatic Interpretation of Lacustrine d180 Records},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1386},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {117-131},
	author = {Rosenmeier, M. F. and Hodell, D. A. and Brenner, M. and Curtis, J. H. and Martin, J. B. and Anselmetti, F. S. and Ariztegui, D. and Guilderson, T. P.}
}
@article {620,
	title = {A late glacial-Holocene tephrochronology for glacial lakes in southern Ecuador},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2002},
	note = {555kpTimes Cited:25Cited References Count:23},
	month = {May},
	pages = {343-354},
	abstract = {Despite the presence of numerous active volcanoes in the northern half of Ecuador, few, if any, distal tephras have been previously recognized in the southern one third of the country. In this article, we document the presence of thin (0.1-1.0-cm-thick) distal tephras comprising glass and/or phenocrysts of hornblende and feldspar in sediment cores from five glacial lakes and one bog in Las Cajas National Park (2degrees40{\textquoteright}-3degrees00{\textquoteright}S, 79degrees00{\textquoteright}-79degrees25{\textquoteright}W). The lake cores contain from 5 to 7 tephras, and each has a diagnostic major element geochemistry as determined from electron microprobe analysis of similar to710 glass shards and similar to440 phenocrysts of feldspar and hornblende. The loss of sodium with exposure to the electron microbeam causes a 10 +/- 7 wt.\% (+/-1sigma) reduction in Na content, which we empirically determined and corrected for before correlating tephras among the sediment cores. We use a similarity coefficient to correlate among the sediment cores; pair-wise comparison of all tephras generally yields an unambiguous correlation among the cores. Six tephras can be traced among all or most of the cores, and several tephras are present in only one or two of the cores. Twenty-six accelerator mass spectrometry (14)C dates on macrofossils preserved in the sediment cores provide the basis for establishing a regional tephrochronology. The widespread tephras were deposited similar to9900, 8800,7300,5300,2500, and 2200 cal yr B.P. The oldest tephras were deposited similar to15,500 and 15,100 cal yr B.P., but these are not found in all cores. Two of the tephras appear correlative with volcaniclastic strata on the flanks of Volcan Cotopaxi and one tephra may correlate with strata on the flanks of Volcan Ninahuilca; both volcanoes are in central Ecuador. The absence of tephras in sediment cores correlative with the numerous eruptions of active volcanoes of the past two millennia implies that the earlier eruptions, which did deposit tephras in the lakes, must have been either especially voluminous, or southerly winds must have prevailed at the time of the eruption, or both. (C) 2002 University of Washington.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1006/qres.2002.2324},
	author = {Rodbell, D. T. and Bagnato, S. and Nebolini, J. C. and Seltzer, G. O. and Abbott, M. B.}
}
@inbook {1434,
	title = {Late Quaternary sedimentation and climate in the Lake Edward and George area, Uganda-Congo},
	booktitle = {The East African Great Lakes: Limnology, Palaeolimnology, and Biodiversity},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1012},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {429-470},
	publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	organization = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	address = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands},
	author = {Laerdal, T. and Talbot, M. R. and Russell, J. M.},
	editor = {Olago, D.}
}
@article {1482,
	title = {Linking vertical advection and diet to juvenile salmon condition and parasite load: A study using 14C, 13C, and 15N},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1142},
	month = {2002},
	author = {Casillas, E. and Rau, G. H. and al, et},
	editor = {Abstract, Ocean Sciences Meeting}
}
@conference {1682,
	title = {A marine record of Holocene climate events in tropical South America, abstract},
	booktitle = {Eos Trans. AGU 83, Fall Meeting Suppl},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1080},
	month = {2002},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	author = {Haug, G. H. and Gunther, D. and Hughen, K. A. and Peterson, L. C. and Rohl, U.}
}
@article {2090,
	title = {The Ocean Margins Program: an interdisciplinary study of carbon sources, transformations, and sinks in a temperate continental margin system},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2002},
	note = {607kxTimes Cited:26
Cited References Count:96
},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {4273-4295},
	abstract = {The cycling of carbon on the US east coast shelf and upper slope has been studied for 20 years in a variety of interdisciplinary programs focused on the, Mid and South Atlantic Bights. The culmination of this research was a comprehensive field study conducted in 1996 to ascertain whether the Cape Hatteras shelf was a net source or sink for atmospheric CO(2), and the associated transformations and pathways of inorganic and organic carbon. The rationale, objectives, design, and overview of the Ocean Margins Program are given here as a framework to interpret the results of the papers presented in this special issue. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {cape-hatteras, chesapeake bay, co2 fluxes, coastal zone, dissolved organic-carbon, gulf-stream, middle atlantic bight, north-carolina, slope sediments, united-states},
	isbn = {0967-0645},
	author = {Verity, P. G. and Bauer, J. E. and Flagg, C. N. and DeMaster, D. J. and Repeta, D. J.}
}
@inbook {2420,
	title = {Ostracoda and paleoceanography},
	booktitle = {American Geophysical Union Monograph - The Ostracoda: Applications in Quaternay Research},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1473},
	month = {2002},
	author = {Cronin, T. M. and Boomer, I. and Dwyer, G. S. and Rodriguez-Lazaro, J.},
	editor = {Holmes, J. A.}
}
@conference {1744,
	title = {Plans for expanded 14C analyses at the NOSAMS facility - a status and progress report},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1685},
	month = {2002},
	address = {Nagoya, Japan},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and Donoghue, J. and Elder, K. and Gagnon, A. and Gerlach, D. and Griffin, V. and Healy, R. and Long, P. and McNichol, A. and Percy, D. and Roberts, M. L. and Schneider, R. J. and Xu, L. and Hayes, J. M.}
}
@article {637,
	title = {Radiocarbon as a tool to apportion the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and black carbon in environmental samples},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2002},
	note = {541gfTimes Cited:133Cited References Count:59},
	month = {Apr 15},
	pages = {1774-1782},
	abstract = {To determine the relative inputs of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and black carbon (BC) in environmental samples from the combustion of fossil fuels and biomass we have developed two independent analytical methods for determining the C-14 abundance of PAHs and BC. The 5730 yr half-life of C-14 makes it an ideal tracer for identifying combustion products derived from fossil fuels (C-14-free) versus those stemming from modern biomass (contemporary C-14). The C-14 abundance of PAHs in several environmental Standard Reference Materials was measured by accelerator mass spectrometry after extraction and then purification by high-performance liquid chromatography and preparative capillary gas chromatography. This method yields pure compounds that allow for a high degree of confidence in the C-14 results. The PAHs data were then used to compare and evaluate results from an operationally defined thermal oxidation method used to isolate a BC fraction. The C-14 compositions of PAHs and BC were very similar and suggest that the thermal oxidation method employed for isolating BC is robust and free from interferences by non-BC components. In addition, these data indicate that both the PAHs and the BC species derive mostly from fossil fuels and/or their combustion products.},
	issn = {0013-936x},
	doi = {10.1021/es011343f},
	author = {Reddy, C. M. and Pearson, A. and Xu, L. and McNichol, A. P. and Benner, B. A. and Wise, S. A. and Klouda, G. A. and Currie, L. A. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {2103,
	title = {Radiocarbon content of synthetic and natural semi-volatile halogenated organic compounds},
	journal = {Environ Pollut},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Reddy, Christopher MXu, Li
Eglinton, Timothy I
Boon, Jan P
Faulkner, D John
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
England
2002/10/25 04:00
Environ Pollut. 2002;120(2):163-8.
},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {163-8},
	abstract = {Some halogenated organic compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), have been suggested to have natural sources but separating these compounds from their commercially synthesized counterparts is difficult. Molecular-level 14C analysis may be beneficial since most synthetic compounds are manufactured from petrochemicals (14C-free) and natural compounds should have "modern" or "contemporary" 14C levels. As a baseline study, we measured, for the first time, the 14C abundance in commercial PCB and PBDE mixtures, a number of organochlorine pesticides, as well as one natural product 2-(3{\textquoteright},5{\textquoteright}-dibromo-2{\textquoteright}-methoxyphenoxy)-3,5-dibromoanisole. The latter compound was isolated from a marine sponge and is similar in structure to a PBDE. All of the synthetic compounds were 14C-free except for the pesticide toxaphene. which had a modern 14C abundance, as did the brominated natural compound. The result for toxaphene was not surprising since it was commercially synthesized by the chlorination of camphene derived from pine trees. These results suggest that measuring the 14C content of halogenated organic compounds may be quite useful in establishing whether organic compounds encountered in the environment have natural or synthetic origins (or both) provided that any synthetic counterparts derive from petrochemical feedstock.},
	keywords = {Animals, Carbon Radioisotopes/*analysis, Environmental Pollutants/*analysis, Hydrocarbons, Halogenated/chemical synthesis/*chemistry, Insecticides/chemistry, Polychlorinated Biphenyls/chemistry, Porifera/*chemistry, Toxaphene/chemistry},
	isbn = {0269-7491 (Print)0269-7491 (Linking)
},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12395826},
	author = {Reddy, C. M. and Xu, L. and Eglinton, T. I. and Boon, J. P. and Faulkner, D. J.}
}
@conference {1765,
	title = {Radiocarbon dating of alkenones in sediments from the Namibian continental margin},
	booktitle = {European Geophysical Society, XXVII General Assembly},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 546},
	month = {2002},
	address = {Nice, France},
	author = {Mollenhauer, Gesine and Eglinton, Timothy I. and Ohkouchi, Nao and Grootes, Pieter M. and Muller, Peter J. and Rullkotter, Jurgen and Schneider, Ralph R.}
}
@article {742,
	title = {Rate of plate creation and destruction: 180 Ma to present},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {114},
	year = {2002},
	note = {583daTimes Cited:142Cited References Count:20},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {927-933},
	abstract = {One of the primary measures of plate tectonics is the history of production of new oceanic lithosphere. As shown by B. Parsons, a direct estimate of the rate of plate creation can be derived from the area/age versus age distribution of the modern oceanic lithosphere. Inversion of the most recent area versus age data (digital isochrons by R.D. Muller et al.) yields a result that the rate of oceanic plate production has not varied significantly since 180 Ma from a mean rate of 3.4 km(2)/yr. Reconstruction of the cumulative area of subducted lithosphere over the past 90 m.y. is in excellent agreement with a fixed rate of ridge production. The conclusion that the rate of ridge production has not varied significantly contrasts markedly with most existing estimates in which the rate is modeled as decreasing by 50\% or more since ca. 100 Ma. A constant rate of ridge production has important implications for models of sea level and p(CO2), among other phenomena that have been linked to variations in global rates of seafloor spreading.},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0927:Ropcad>2.0.Co;2},
	author = {Rowley, D. B.}
}
@article {704,
	title = {Rates of evolution in ancient DNA from Adelie penguins},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {295},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Lambert, D MRitchie, P AMillar, C DHolland, BDrummond, A JBaroni, CengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, P.H.S.2002/03/23 10:00Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2270-3.},
	month = {Mar 22},
	pages = {2270-3},
	abstract = {Well-preserved subfossil bones of Adelie penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae, underlie existing and abandoned nesting colonies in Antarctica. These bones, dating back to more than 7000 years before the present, harbor some of the best-preserved ancient DNA yet discovered. From 96 radiocarbon-aged bones, we report large numbers of mitochondrial haplotypes, some of which appear to be extinct, given the 380 living birds sampled. We demonstrate DNA sequence evolution through time and estimate the rate of evolution of the hypervariable region I using a Markov chain Monte Carlo integration and a least-squares regression analysis. Our calculated rates of evolution are approximately two to seven times higher than previous indirect phylogenetic estimates.},
	issn = {0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1068105},
	author = {Lambert, D. M. and Ritchie, P. A. and Millar, C. D. and Holland, B. and Drummond, A. J. and Baroni, C.}
}
@article {1005,
	title = {Reassessment of Lake Victoria{\textendash}Upper Nile River paleohydrology from oxygen isotope records of lake-sediment cellulose},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1011},
	pages = {559-562},
	abstract = {Reconstruction of lake-water δ18O from analysis of cellulose δ18O in two sediment cores from Lake Victoria, East Africa, shows a large shift to lower values during the terminal Pleistocene. This shift records the transition from closed- to open-basin conditions following desiccation at the Last Glacial Maximum. Although oxygen isotope analysis of cellulose from one core had placed this overflow at 8 ka (7200 14C yr B.P.), reevaluation of the age model for this core, in addition to new stratigraphic and chronological evidence from a second core, suggests that basin overflow was established much earlier, ca. 13 ka. Our refined view of the timing of Lake Victoria overflow inferred from the oxygen isotope records is consistent with other paleolimnological studies, indicating that lake-sediment cellulose is an effective and sensitive isotopic archive of major hydrologic events in this region. },
	keywords = {cellulose, East Africa, isotope, oxygen, paleohydrology},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2002)​030<0559:ROLVUN>​2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Beuning, K. R. M. and Kelts, K. R. and Russell, J. M. and Wolfe, B. B.}
}
@article {2098,
	title = {Separating natural and bomb-produced radiocarbon in the ocean: The potential alkalinity method},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2002},
	note = {646xuTimes Cited:44
Cited References Count:35
},
	month = {Dec 3},
	abstract = {[1] The use of radiocarbon (Delta(14)C) as a tracer for oceanic processes generally requires differentiation of naturally occurring radiocarbon from the bomb component produced by atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. We present a new separation method based on the strong linear correlation between Delta(14)C and potential alkalinity. Unlike previous techniques the new algorithm is applicable at all latitudes. Additionally, the potential alkalinity method provides an estimate of surface ocean prebomb Delta(14)C concentrations. Predictions with the technique appear to be unbiased and have uncertainties which are less than previous techniques.},
	keywords = {bomb-produced radiocarbon, CO2, indian-ocean, inventory, natural radiocarbon, pacific-ocean, potential alkalinity method, radiocarbon inventory, radiocarbon separation, silicate method, thermocline, ventilation, woce},
	isbn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2001GB001432},
	author = {Rubin, S. I. and Key, R. M.}
}
@article {985,
	title = {Slip rates of the Karakorum fault, Ladakh, India, determined using cosmic ray exposure dating of debris flows and moraines},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2002},
	note = {634wuTimes Cited:104Cited References Count:72},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {ESE 7-1{\textendash}ESE 7-13},
	abstract = {We measure an average slip rate of 4+/-1 mm yr(-1) along the Karakorum fault, heretofore considered one of Earth{\textquoteright}s greatest strike-slip faults and thought by many to play a key role in Asian deformation kinematics. Levees of a debris flow, and contours of the fan on which it was deposited, have been displaced 40+/-5 m. Concentrations of Be-10 in boulders from the debris flow yield ages of 11-14 ka, implying a slip rate of 4+/-1 mm yr(-1) during that period. A fresher debris flow has been offset 2-2.5 m since 1-2 ka, implying the occurrence of an earthquake with Msimilar to7 since that time. Concentrations of Be-10 in boulders on the crest of the most extensive moraine near Leh imply that the most recent major glacial advance occurred at 90+/-15 ka. This is consistent with the inference of others that alpine glaciers in this region have not necessarily expanded in concert with Northern Hemisphere continental ice sheets. If features, including lateral moraines, that Liu inferred to have been offset 300-350 m by the Karakorum fault date from the same period, they too imply a slip rate of 3-4 mm yr(-1). This slip rate is comparable to rates of extension across grabens within Tibet. With recent evidence that slip along the Altyn Tagh fault occurs at similar to10 mm yr(-1), our rate suggests that slip along the boundaries of Tibet is not significantly more rapid than extension within the plateau. Hence, plate tectonics, in the strictest sense, ought not be applied to Tibet, because Tibet does not behave as a rigid plate.},
	issn = {2169-9313},
	doi = {10.1029/2000JB000100},
	author = {Brown, E. T. and Bendick, R. and Bourles, D. L. and Gaur, V. and Molnar, P. and Raisbeck, G. M. and Yiou, F.}
}
@article {2122,
	title = {Stable chlorine and carbon isotopic compositions of selected semi-volatile organochlorine compounds},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2002},
	note = {545bnTimes Cited:41
Cited References Count:25
},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {437-444},
	abstract = {To assess whether the isotopic composition of semi-volatile organochlorine compounds (SVOCs) may be a useful tool, we measured the bulk delta(37)Cl and delta(13)C values of several pesticides and Aroclor mixtures from different suppliers. Overall, the delta(37)Cl and delta(13)C values ranged from -5.10 to + 1.22\% and -31.63 to -22.39\%, respectively. These values are narrower than the ranges observed previously for volatile organic contaminants (VOCs). In particular, the isotopic compositions of the Aroclor mixtures were very tightly constrained for both chlorine and carbon, We also observed that SVOCs synthesized from hexachlorocyclopentadiene had the most enriched delta(37)Cl values. These data provide a baseline for future work employing isotope ratios to study the environmental fate of SVOCs. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {aroclors, fractionation, hydrocarbons, intrinsic bioremediation, samples, solvents, trichloroethene},
	isbn = {0146-6380},
	author = {Drenzek, N. J. and Tarr, C. H. and Eglinton, T. I. and Heraty, L. J. and Sturchio, N. C. and Shiner, V. J. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@conference {1815,
	title = {An unexplored sedimentary record for the study of environmental change in Mediterranean environments: Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile peats},
	booktitle = {The Study of Environmental Change Using Isotope Techniques. IAEA C\&S Papers Series},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 351},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {163-173},
	address = {Vienna},
	author = {Mateo, M. A. and Renom, P. and Juli{\`a}, R. and Romero, J. and Michener, R.}
}
@article {2104,
	title = {The West Falmouth oil spill after thirty years: the persistence of petroleum hydrocarbons in marsh sediments},
	journal = {Environ Sci Technol},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Reddy, Christopher MEglinton, Timothy I
Hounshell, Aubrey
White, Helen K
Xu, Li
Gaines, Richard B
Frysinger, Glenn S
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2002/12/19 04:00
Environ Sci Technol. 2002 Nov 15;36(22):4754-60.
},
	month = {Nov 15},
	pages = {4754-60},
	abstract = {The long-term fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in marsh sediments (West Falmouth, MA) contaminated in 1969 by the spill of the barge Florida was investigated. A 36-cm-long sediment core was collected in August 2000, and sediment extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC). The latter technique is capable of separating 1 order of magnitude more compounds than the former and was used to observe whether any compositional changes in the unresolved complex mixture (UCM) occurred. No evidence of petroleum residues was detected in the top 6 cm (0-6 cm) and the lower 8 cm (28-36 cm) of the core. However, the central sections 16-28 cm) were dominated by a UCM in the boiling range of n-C13-n-C25 alkanes, consistent with a No. 2 fuel oil source. The 12-14- and 14-16-cm sections had the highest concentrations of UCM approximately 8 mg g(-1)). These values are similar to concentrations observed shortly after the spill. Initial GC x GC analysis revealed that only the n-alkanes were completely degraded, and contrary to previous studies, pristane and phytane as well as numerous other branched alkanes are still present in the sediments. These results suggestthatatthis site hydrocarbon contamination will persist indefinitely in the sedimentary record.},
	keywords = {*Accidents, Chromatography, Gas, Environmental Monitoring, Geologic Sediments/*chemistry, Hydrocarbons/*analysis, Massachusetts, Petroleum/*analysis, Ships, Time Factors, Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis},
	isbn = {0013-936X (Print)0013-936X (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1021/es020656n},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12487296},
	author = {Reddy, C. M. and Eglinton, T. I. and Hounshell, A. and White, H. K. and Xu, L. and Gaines, R. B. and Frysinger, G. S.}
}
@book {1347,
	title = {Abrupt climate change and pre-Columbian cultural collapse},
	series = {Interhemispheric Climate Linkages},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1408},
	month = {2001},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	author = {Brenner, M. and Hodell, D. A. and Curtis, J. H. and Rosenmeier, M. and Binford, M. W. and Abbott, M. B.}
}
@article {2132,
	title = {AMS radiocarbon dating of a shell fishhook from Santa Rosa Island, California},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2001},
	note = {458qxTimes Cited:7
Cited References Count:18
},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {83-86},
	abstract = {Several single-piece shell fishhooks from CA-SRI-43 on Santa Rosa Island were dated by association to roughly 5500 cal BP and were argued to be among the oldest specimens in the region. Direct accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating of one of these hooks provided a date of 560 cal BP, however, making it about 5000 yr younger than originally presumed. This younger date is more consistent with the regional shell fishhook chronology and demonstrates the importance of obtaining direct AMS C-14 dates to refine artifact and site chronologies.},
	isbn = {0033-8222},
	author = {Rick, T. C.}
}
@conference {1578,
	title = {Biogenic silica and organic carbon in sediments from the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean},
	booktitle = {Antarctic Earth Sciences at the close of a Millenium: Proceedings 8th International Symposium on Artarctic Earth Sciences},
	volume = {8th},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 284},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {35},
	publisher = {Royal Society of New Zealand Bulletin},
	organization = {Royal Society of New Zealand Bulletin},
	author = {Giglio, F. and Langone, L. and Morigi, C. and Frignani, M. and Ravaioli, M.},
	editor = {Gamble, J. A.}
}
@conference {1582,
	title = {Brachiopod shell taphonomy in subtropical siliciclastic environments: preliminary field results},
	booktitle = {Reuniao Anal de Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia, Paleo-2001},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 281},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {15},
	publisher = {Boletim de Resumos},
	organization = {Boletim de Resumos},
	address = {Rio Claro, SP},
	author = {Simoes, M. G. and Kowalewski, M. and Carroll, M. and Rodland, D. L. and Mello, L. H. C.}
}
@article {878,
	title = {Climatic significance of large lakes on the Altiplano of South America},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 333},
	pages = {751},
	author = {Baker, P. A. and Seltzer, G. O. and Fritz, S. C. and Rigsby, C. A. and Dwyer, G. S.}
}
@article {2147,
	title = {Effects of biosynthesis and physiology on relative abundances and isotopic compositions of alkenones},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2001},
	note = {458kdTimes Cited:6
Cited References Count:39
},
	month = {Jan 29},
	pages = {art. no.-2000GC000052},
	abstract = {The number of double bonds in long-chain, unsaturated ketones (alkenones) produced by some members of the Haptophyceae is correlated with the ambient temperature at the time of synthesis. For these same organisms the depletion of carbon-13 in biosynthetic products relative to dissolved inorganic carbon is related directly to the specific growth rate and inversely to the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide. This report summarizes issues relating to the physiology, metabolism, and biochemistry of alkenone producers and how they affect the abundances and isotopic compositions of alkenones. These considerations show that an understanding of cellular responses to parameters governing uptake of inorganic carbon (C-i), isotopic fractionation, growth under diverse nutrient conditions, and genetic variability, both in the field and in culture, is necessary for developing a conceptual understanding of the biological significance of the epsilonp and U-37(K{\textquoteright}) indices. Emiliana huxleyi is the best known alkenone producer and can serve as a model organism for these studies. This report identifies knowledge gaps and appropriate objectives for both field- and laboratory-based research.},
	keywords = {algae, alkenones, anhydrase, biogeochemical processes, biosynthesis, calcification, carbon-13, emiliania-huxleyi prymnesiophyceae, fractionation, Haptophytes, inorganic carbon utilization, instruments and techniques, isoprenoid biosynthesis, marine diatom, paleoceanography, photosynthesis, physiology, phytoplankton, sea surface temperature},
	isbn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2000GC000052},
	author = {Gonzalez, E. L. and Riebesell, U. and Hayes, J. M. and Laws, E. A.}
}
@article {2145,
	title = {Evaluation of a protocol for the quantification of black carbon in sediments, soils, and aquatic sediments},
	journal = {Global Biogeochem. Cycles},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1439},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {881-890},
	author = {Gustafsson, O. and Bucheli, T. D. and Kululska, M. and Andersson, C. and Largeau, C. and Rouzard, J. N. and Reddy, C. M. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {340,
	title = {The history of South American tropical precipitation for the past 25,000 years},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {291},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 369; Baker, P A Seltzer, G O Fritz, S C Dunbar, R B Grove, M J Tapia, P M Cross, S L Rowe, H D Broda, J P New York, N.Y. Science. 2001 Jan 26;291(5504):640-3.},
	pages = {640-3},
	abstract = {Long sediment cores recovered from the deep portions of Lake Titicaca are used to reconstruct the precipitation history of tropical South America for the past 25,000 years. Lake Titicaca was a deep, fresh, and continuously overflowing lake during the last glacial stage, from before 25,000 to 15,000 calibrated years before the present (cal yr B.P.), signifying that during the last glacial maximum (LGM), the Altiplano of Bolivia and Peru and much of the Amazon basin were wetter than today. The LGM in this part of the Andes is dated at 21,000 cal yr B.P., approximately coincident with the global LGM. Maximum aridity and lowest lake level occurred in the early and middle Holocene (8000 to 5500 cal yr B.P.) during a time of low summer insolation. Today, rising levels of Lake Titicaca and wet conditions in Amazonia are correlated with anomalously cold sea-surface temperatures in the northern equatorial Atlantic. Likewise, during the deglacial and Holocene periods, there were several millennial-scale wet phases on the Altiplano and in Amazonia that coincided with anomalously cold periods in the equatorial and high-latitude North Atlantic, such as the Younger Dryas.},
	issn = {0036-8075 (Print) 0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.291.5504.640},
	author = {Baker, P. A. and Seltzer, G. O. and Fritz, S. C. and Dunbar, R. B. and Grove, M. J. and Tapia, P. M. and Cross, S. L. and Rowe, H. D. and Broda, J. P.}
}
@article {412,
	title = {The Holocene paleolimnology of Lake Issyk-Kul, Kyrgystan: trace element and stable isotope composition of ostracods},
	journal = {Paleogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeocecology},
	volume = {176},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 341},
	pages = {207-227},
	abstract = {The stable isotope and trace element geochemistry of ostracode shells from Lake Issyk-Kul, Kyrgyzstan, provide an important new paleoclimate record for central Asia. The δ18O, δ13C, Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca and U/Ca composition of shells from the species Candona neglecta found in two piston cores constrains the paleohydrology of the lake from 8700 to 1000 calendar yr before present. These data, combined with robust chronologies based on 16 AMS 14C dates, suggest that the region went from a relatively moist climate in the early Holocene to a more arid climate in the late Holocene. Intense freshwater input, presumably glacial runoff, flowed into the lake from 8700 to 8300 cal yr BP as evident from the δ18O and δ13C values. From 8300 to 6900 cal yr BP δ18O and Sr/Ca values indicate that the lake was relatively fresh and an open basin, and U/Ca values suggest that the lake was well-mixed with well-oxygenated bottom waters. There is a transition zone between 6900 and 4900 cal yr BP when δ18O and Sr/Ca values rapidly increase and Mg/Ca and U/Ca values rapidly decrease. During this period the lake evolved from an open, freshwater, well-mixed lake to a closed, more saline, less well-mixed lake. For the remainder of the record δ18O, Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca and U/Ca are relatively constant, implying conditions similar to modern conditions, although the slight increasing trend in Sr/Ca may suggest an increase in salinity over this period. The δ13C values were approximately in equilibrium with atmospheric CO2 in the early part of the record but became relatively negative in the later part of the record. This indicates that the dominant mechanism controlling the isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon shifted from exchange with the atmosphere to variations in biological productivity.},
	doi = {10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00339-X},
	author = {Ricketts, R. D. and Johnson, T. C. and Brown, E. T. and Rasmussen, K. A. and Romanovsky, V. V.}
}
@article {769,
	title = {Hypothesized climate forcing time series for the last 500 years},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {106},
	year = {2001},
	note = {456yeTimes Cited:108Cited References Count:89},
	month = {Jul 27},
	pages = {14783-14803},
	abstract = {A new compilation of annually resolved time series of atmospheric trace gas concentrations, solar irradiance, tropospheric aerosol optical depth, and stratospheric (volcanic) aerosol optical depth is presented for use in climate modeling studies of the period 1500 to 1999 A.D. Atmospheric CO2 CH4, and N2O concentrations over this period are well established on the basis of fossil air trapped in ice cores and instrumental measurements over the last few decades. Estimates of solar irradiance, ranging between 1364.2 and 1368.2 W/m(2), are presented using calibrated historical observations of the Sun back to 1610, along with cosmogenic isotope variations extending back to 1500. Tropospheric aerosol distributions are calculated by scaling the modern distribution of sulfate and carbonaceous aerosol optical depths back to 1860 using reconstructed regional CO2 emissions; prior to 1860 the anthropogenic tropospheric aerosol optical depths are assumed to be zero. Finally, the first continuous, annually dated record of zonally averaged stratospheric (volcanic) optical depths back to 1500 is constructed using sulfate flux data from multiple ice cores from both Greenland and Antarctica, in conjunction with historical and instrumental (satellite and pyrheliometric) observations. The climate forcings generated here are currently being used as input to a suite of transient (time dependent) paleoclimate model simulations of the past 500 years. These forcings are also available for comparison with instrumental and proxy paleoclimate data of the same period.},
	issn = {0747-7309},
	doi = {10.1029/2000jd900469},
	author = {Robertson, A. and Overpeck, J. and Rind, D. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Zielinski, G. and Lean, J. and Koch, D. and Penner, J. and Tegen, I. and Healy, R.}
}
@article {409,
	title = {Identification of a novel alkenone in Black Sea sediments},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1946; PT: J; UT: WOS:000168692100002},
	pages = {633-645},
	abstract = {We report the identification of a novel long-chain ketone in Holocene Black Sea sediments. Based on chemical properties, and chromatographic and mass spectrometric characteristics, this compound has been identified as a diunsaturated C-36 ethyl ketone. Further analyses indicated the position and configuration of the double bonds, and the novel alkenone was determined to be hexatriaconta-(16E,21E)-dien-3-one. While this compound is present in only trace quantities in Unit I sediments, it is the most abundant alkenone in portions of Unit II. Its presence thus apparently pre-dates the invasion of Emiliania huxleyi in the Black Sea. The down-core profiles and isotopic compositions suggest that the precursor for the C-36:2 alkenone may be distinct from that of the C37-39 alkenones, however the biological origin of this novel compound is presently unknown. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00019-5},
	author = {Xu, L. and Reddy, C. M. and Farrington, J. W. and Frysinger, G. S. and Gaines, R. B. and Johnson, C. G. and Nelson, R. K. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {307,
	title = {The impact of sea ice concentration accuracies on climate model simulations with the GISS GCM},
	journal = {Journal of Climate},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1944; PT: J; UT: WOS:000169239100008},
	pages = {2606-2623},
	abstract = {The Goddard Institute for Space Studies global climate model (GISS GCM) is used to examine the sensitivity of the simulated climate to sea ice concentration specifications in the type of simulation done in the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP), with specified oceanic boundary conditions. Results show that sea ice concentration uncertainties of +/-7\% can affect simulated regional temperatures by more than 6 degreesC, and biases in sea ice concentrations of +7\% and -7\% alter simulated annually averaged global surface air temperatures by -0.10 degrees and +0.17 degreesC, respectively, over those in the control simulation. The resulting 0.27 degreesC difference in simulated annual global surface air temperatures is reduced by a third, to 0.18 degreesC, when considering instead biases of +4\% and -4\%. More broadly, least squares fits through the temperature results of 17 simulations with ice concentration input changes ranging from increases of 50\% versus the control simulation to decreases of 50\% yield a yearly average global impact of 0.0107 degreesC warming for every 1\% ice concentration decrease, that is, 1.07 degreesC warming for the full +50\% to -50\% range. Regionally and on a monthly average basis, the differences can be far greater, especially in the polar regions, where wintertime contrasts between the +50\% and -50\% cases can exceed 30 degreesC. However, few statistically significant effects are found outside the polar latitudes, and temperature effects over the nonpolar oceans tend to be under 1 degreesC, due in part to the specification of an unvarying annual cycle of sea surface temperatures. The +/-7\% and +/-4\% results provide bounds on the impact (on GISS GCM simulations making use of satellite data) of satellite-derived ice concentration inaccuracies, +/-7\% being the current estimated average accuracy of satellite retrievals and +/-4\% being the anticipated improved average accuracy for upcoming satellite instruments. Results show that the impact on simulated temperatures of imposed ice concentration changes is least in summer, encouragingly the same season in which the satellite accuracies are thought to be worst. Hence, the impact of satellite inaccuracies is probably less than the use of an annually averaged satellite inaccuracy would suggest.},
	issn = {0894-8755},
	doi = {10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<2606:TIOSIC>2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Parkinson, C. L. and Rind, D. and Healy, R. J. and Martinson, D. G.}
}
@article {2144,
	title = {A marine record of holocene climate events in tropical South America},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {293},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1466},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {1304-1308},
	author = {Haug, G. H. and Hughen, K. A. and Sigman, D. M. and Peterson, L. C. and Rohl, U.}
}
@inbook {1460,
	title = {Ocean Circulation and Climate},
	booktitle = {Observing and Modelling the Global Ocean},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 309},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {431-452},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	author = {Schlosser, P. and Bullister, J. L. and Fine, R. and Jenkins, W. J. and Key, R. and Lupton, J. and Roether, W. and Smethie, W. M., Jr.},
	editor = {Siedler, G.}
}
@conference {1717,
	title = {Oceanic changes in the southern Pacific Ocean during the last deglaciation time, as recorded by planktic foraminifers and oxigen isotopes. --Extended abstract},
	booktitle = {ANTOSTRAT Symposium on "The geologic record of the Antarctic ice sheet from drilling, coring and seismic studies"},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1428},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {137},
	address = {Erice, Italy},
	author = {Morigi, C. and Capotondi, L. and Giglio, F. and Langone, L. and Brilli, M. and Turi, B. and Ravaioli, M.}
}
@conference {1733,
	title = {Paleoceanographic changes in the Southern Ocean, during the last deglaciation time, as recorded by planktic foraminifers and oxygen isotopes--Poster},
	booktitle = {ANTOSTRAT Symposium on "The geologic record of the Antarctic ice sheet from drilling, coring and seismic studies"--Poster},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1424},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {137},
	address = {Erice, Italy},
	author = {Morigi, C. and Capotondi, L. and Giglio, F. and Langone, L. and Turi, B. and Brilli, M. and Ravaioli, M.}
}
@conference {1746,
	title = {Possible record of the yunger dryas event in sediments of the southern ocean (Pacific sector)--abstract},
	booktitle = {AUG},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1427},
	month = {2001},
	address = {Nice, France},
	author = {Morigi, C. and Capotondi, L. and Langone, L. and Giglio, F. and Ravaioli, M.}
}
@conference {1747,
	title = {Possible record of the yunger dryas event in sediments of the Southern Ocean (Pacific Sector)--Poster},
	booktitle = {AUG},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1423},
	month = {2001},
	address = {Nice},
	author = {Morigi, C. and Capotondi, L. and Langone, L. and Giglio, F. and Ravaioli, M.}
}
@article {2160,
	title = {Radiocarbon and stable carbon isotopic evidence for transport and transformation of DOC, DIC and CH4 in a northern Minnesota peatland},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 98},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {1095-1105},
	author = {Chasar, L. S. and Chanton, J. P. and Glaser, P. H. and Siegel, D. I. and Rivers, J. S.}
}
@article {736,
	title = {Sedimentary evidence of intense hurricane strikes from New Jersey},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2001},
	note = {449elTimes Cited:102Cited References Count:14},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {615-618},
	abstract = {Nine Vibracores from the backbarrier marsh at Whale Beach, New Jersey, reveal three large-scale overwash deposits associated with historic and prehistoric storms. The uppermost and smallest overwash fan was deposited in the Ash Wednesday northeaster of March 5-8, 1962, A second more substantial overwash fan between 100 and 35 cm depth dates to the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century. This fan was most likely deposited during the 1821 hurricane, the only intense hurricane to make landfall in New jersey in the past 350 yr, A third, larger overwash fan between 200 and 300 cm depth was deposited between A.D. 1278 and 1438 and is likely the result of a prehistoric intense hurricane strike. The combination of historical and stratigraphic evidence indicates that two intense hurricanes (winds > 50 m s(-1)) have likely made landfall on the southern New Jersey coast in the past 700 yr, resulting in an annual landfall probability of 0.3\%.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0615:Seoihs>2.0.Co;2},
	author = {Donnelly, J. P. and Roll, S. and Wengren, M. and Butler, J. and Lederer, R. and Webb, T.}
}
@article {622,
	title = {Subdivision of glacial deposits in southeastern Peru based on pedogenic development and radiometric ages},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2001},
	note = {452lzTimes Cited:27Cited References Count:51},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {31-50},
	abstract = {The Cordillera Vilcanota and Quelccaya Ice Cap region of southern Peru (13 degrees 30{\textquoteright}-14 degrees 00{\textquoteright}S; 70 degrees 40{\textquoteright}-71 degrees 25{\textquoteright}W) contains a detailed record of late Quaternary glaciation in the tropical Andes, Quantification of soil development on 19 moraine crests and radiocarbon ages are used to reconstruct the glacial history. Secondary iron and day increase linearly in Quelccaya soils and clay accumulates at a linear rate in Vilcanota soils, which may reflect the semicontinuous addition of eolian dust enriched in secondary iron to all soils. In contrast, logarithmic rates of iron buildup in soils in the Cordillera Vilcanota reflect chemical weathering; high concentrations of secondary iron in Vilcanota tills may mask the role of eolian input to these soils. Soil-age estimates from extrapolation of field and laboratory data suggest that the most extensive late Quaternary glaciation occurred >70,000 yr B.P. This provides one of the first semiquantitative age estimates for maximum ice extent in southern Peru and is supported by a minimum-limiting age of similar to 41,520 C-14 yr B.P. A late glacial readvance culminated similar to 16,650 cal yr B.P. in the Cordillera Vilcanota, Following rapid deglaciation of unknown extent, an advance of the Quelccaya Ice Cap occurred between similar to 13,090 and 12,800 cal yr B.P., which coincides approximately with the onset of the Younger Dryas cooling in the North Atlantic region. Moraines deposited <394 cal yr B.P. in the Cordillera Vilcanota and <300 cal yr B.P. on the west side of the Quelccaya Ice Cap correlate with Little Ice Age moraines of other regions. (C) 2001 University or Washington.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1006/qres.2001.2221},
	author = {Goodman, A. Y. and Rodbell, D. T. and Seltzer, G. O. and Mark, B. G.}
}
@article {879,
	title = {Tropical climate changes at millennial and orbital timescales on the Bolivian Altiplano},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {409},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 388},
	pages = {167-170},
	abstract = {Tropical South America is one of the three main centres of the global, zonal overturning circulation of the equatorial atmosphere (generally termed the {\textquoteright}Walker{\textquoteright} circulation1). Although this area plays a key role in global climate cycles, little is known about South American climate history. Here we describe sediment cores and down-hole logging results of deep drilling in the Salar de Uyuni, on the Bolivian Altiplano, located in the tropical Andes. We demonstrate that during the past 50,000 years the Altiplano underwent important changes in effective moisture at both orbital (20,000-year) and millennial timescales. Long-duration wet periods, such as the Last Glacial Maximum{\textemdash}marked in the drill core by continuous deposition of lacustrine sediments{\textemdash}appear to have occurred in phase with summer insolation maxima produced by the Earth{\textquoteright}s precessional cycle. Short-duration, millennial events correlate well with North Atlantic cold events, including Heinrich events 1 and 2, as well as the Younger Dryas episode. At both millennial and orbital timescales, cold sea surface temperatures in the high-latitude North Atlantic were coeval with wet conditions in tropical South America, suggesting a common forcing.},
	doi = {10.1038/35055524},
	author = {Baker, P. A. and Rigsby, C. A. and Seltzer, G. O. and Fritz, S. C. and Lowenstein, T. K. and Bacher, N. P. and Veliz, C.}
}
@article {2161,
	title = {Tropical cooling and the isotopic composition of precipitation in general circulation model simullations of the ice age climate},
	journal = {Climate Dynamics},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1716},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {489-502},
	author = {Charles, C. D. and Rind, D. and Healy, R. and Webb, R.}
}
@article {2133,
	title = {Use of 14C and 13C natural abundances for evaluating riverine, estuarine, and coastal DOC and POC sources and cycling: Review and Synthesis},
	journal = {Org. Geochem},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 278},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {469-485},
	author = {Raymond, P. A. and Bauer, J. E.}
}
@article {2159,
	title = {Vegetation succession and carbon sequestration in a coastal wetland in northwestern Florida: evidence from carbon isotopes},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 267},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {311-319},
	author = {Choi, Y. and Wang, Y. and Hsieh, Y. P. and Robinson, L.}
}
@inbook {1458,
	title = {14C Dating of sediment of the Uppermost Cape Fear Slide Plain: Constraints on the timing of this massive submarine landslide (Book Section)},
	booktitle = {Scientific Results of the Ocean Drilling Program, Leg 164},
	series = {Ocean Drilling Program},
	volume = {164},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1342},
	month = {2000},
	address = {College Station, TX},
	author = {Rodriquez, N. M. and Paull, C. K.},
	editor = {Paull, C. K.}
}
@article {864,
	title = {Age and composition of carbonate shoreface sediments, Kailua Bay, Oahu, Hawaii},
	journal = {Coral Reefs},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2000},
	note = {341wmTimes Cited:32Cited References Count:43},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {141-154},
	abstract = {The origin, age, and dynamics of carbonate sediments in Kailua Bay on Oahu, Hawaii, are described. The shoreface (from shoreline to 4 km offshore) consists of a broad (5 km(2)) fringing coral reef ecosystem bisected by a sinuous, shore-normal, sand-filled paleostream channel 200-300 m wide. The median grain diameter of surface sands is finest on the beach face (<0.3 mm) and increases offshore along the channel axis. Kailua sands are >90\% biogenic carbonate, dominated by skeletal fragments of coralline algae (e.g. Porolithon, up to 50\%) followed by the calcareous green alga Halimeda (up to 32\%), coral fragments (1-24\%), mollusc fragments (6-21\%), and benthic foraminifera (1-10\%). Sand composition and age across the shoreface are correlated to carbonate production. Corals and coralline algae, principal builders of the reef framework, are younger and more abundant in sands along the channel axis and in offshore reefal areas, while Halimeda, molluscs, and foraminifera are younger and more dominant in nearshore waters shoreward of the main region of framework building. Shoreface sediments are relatively old. Of 20 calibrated radiocarbon dates on skeletal constituents of sand, only three are younger than 500 years B.P.; six are 500-1000 years B.P.; six are 1000-2000 years B.P.; and five are 2000-5000 years B.P. Dated fine sands are older than medium to coarse sands and hence may constitute a reservoir of fossil carbonate that is distributed over the entire shoreface. Dominance of fossiliferous sand indicates long storage times for carbonate grains, which tend to decrease in size with age, such that the entire period of relative sea-level inundation (similar to 5000 years) is represented in the sediment. Despite an apparently healthy modern coral ecosystem, the surficial sand pool of Kailua Bay is dominated by sand reflecting an antecedent system, possibly one that existed under a + 1-2 m sea-level high stand during the mid- to late Holocene.},
	issn = {0722-4028},
	doi = {10.1007/s003380000085},
	author = {Harney, J. N. and Grossman, E. E. and Richmond, B. M. and Fletcher, C. H.}
}
@article {2197,
	title = {Characterising the Namaqualand mudbelt of southern Africa: chronology, palynology and palaeoenvironments},
	journal = {South African Geographical Journal},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 219},
	month = {2000},
	author = {Gray, C. E. D. and Meadows, M. E. and Lee-Thorp, J. A. and Rogers, J.}
}
@article {1519,
	title = {Erosional scour and geologic evolution of Croatan Sound, northeastern North Caroline: N.C},
	volume = {FHA/NC/2000-02},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 243},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {115},
	institution = {Department of Transportation},
	author = {Riggs, S. R. and Rudolph, G. L. and Ames, D. V.}
}
@article {820,
	title = {Further evidence of abrupt Holocene drowning of the Black Sea shelf},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {170},
	year = {2000},
	note = {380xeTimes Cited:71Cited References Count:8},
	month = {Nov 15},
	pages = {253-261},
	abstract = {A 1999 survey of the Black Sea continental shelf off the north central Turkish seaport of Sinop using a side-scan sonar, small remotely operated vehicles, and a series of dredge lowerings located, inspected and sampled an exposed high-energy paleoshoreline at a depth of 155 m. Radiocarbon dating of mollusk shells collected from this ancient beach revealed that the marine flooding of the Black Sea took place between 7460 and 6820 yr B.P. tall ages are reported in radiocarbon years, not calendar years, without correction for reservoir age or dendro-calibration) changing it from a lacustrine to marine environment. This relic surface remained in contact with the bottom waters of the Black Sea for a long period of time before being draped by a thin layer of sapropel mud. Wood samples recovered from this same location were very well preserved and yielded dates as old as 3580 yr B.P. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00108-0},
	author = {Ballard, R. D. and Coleman, D. F. and Rosenberg, G. D.}
}
@conference {1639,
	title = {Glacial-Interglacial variations in the accumulation rates of major biogenic components in the Southern Pacific Ocean sediments--Abstract},
	booktitle = {Third International SO-JGOFS Symposium},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 287},
	month = {2000},
	address = {Brest},
	author = {Giglio, F. and Langone, L. and Ravaioli, M. and Frignani, M. and Mangini, A. and Fonti, P.}
}
@article {1492,
	title = {Global Distribution of Total Inorganic Carbon and Total Alkalinity Below the Deepest Winter Mixed Layer Depths},
	volume = {ORNIJCDIAC-127 NDP-076},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1970},
	month = {2000},
	institution = {Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory},
	address = {Oak Ridge, Temessee},
	abstract = {Modeling the global ocean-atmosphere carbon dioxide system is becoming increasingly important to greenhouse gas policy. These models require initialization with realistic three- dimensional (3-D) oceanic carbon fields. This report presents an approach to establishing these initial conditions from an extensive global database of ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) system measurements and well-developed interpolation methods. These methods are limited to waters below the deepest mixed layer. The data used for these interpolations include the recent high-quality data sets from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), and Ocean-Atmosphere Carbon Exchange Study (OACES) programs. Prior to analysis, all carbon data were adjusted to established reference material listed in http://andrew.ucsd.edu/co2qc/. The interpolation methodology employs correlation between CO2 system properties and other more widely measured properties: potential temperature, salinity, and apparent oxygen utilization. The correlations are computed for each profile, and the coefficients are interpolated to the 1{\textdegree}{\texttimes}1{\textdegree}{\texttimes}32 vertical-layer grid at a monthly temporal resolution. Finally, the gridded coefficients are applied to a global monthly climatology of ocean temperature, salinity, and oxygen to compute total CO2 (TCO2) and total alkalinity (TALK) for the 3-D grid. This approach offers advantages over spin up of a single profile in defining spatial variation in CO2 system properties because it reduces initialization time and provides a more accurate carbon field. The results provide an unprecedented "view" of the global distribution of TALK and TCO2 in the ocean. These results as well as those from the monthly mixed layer depths can be used in diagnostic and prognostic global ocean models. The data set of the gridded climatological fields of TCO2, TALK, and mixed layer depths is available free of charge as a numeric data package from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC). The interpolated data set includes seasonal TCO2 and TALK fields as well as the coefficients used to estimate these concentrations and the monthly mixed layer depths.},
	author = {Goyet, C. and Healy, R. and Ryan, J.}
}
@article {2204,
	title = {Holocene and recent rates of sediment accumulation in southern Lake Michigan},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 183},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {1563-1580},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and King, J. W. and Jones, G. A. and Reynolds, R. L. and Bothner, M. H.}
}
@article {911,
	title = {Identification of a novel alkenone in Black Sea sediments},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1719},
	pages = {633-645},
	abstract = {We report the identification of a novel long-chain ketone in Holocene Black Sea sediments. Based on chemical properties, and chromatographic and mass spectrometric characteristics, this compound has been identified as a di-unsaturated C36 ethyl ketone. Further analyses indicated the position and configuration of the double bonds, and the novel alkenone was determined to be hexatriaconta-(16E,21E)-dien-3-one. While this compound is present in only trace quantities in Unit I sediments, it is the most abundant alkenone in portions of Unit II. Its presence thus apparently pre-dates the invasion of Emiliania huxleyi in the Black Sea. The down-core profiles and isotopic compositions suggest that the precursor for the C36:2 alkenone may be distinct from that of the C37-39 alkenones, however the biological origin of this novel compound is presently unknown.},
	keywords = {Alkenone, Black Sea, Haptophytes, Holocene, Sediment, Structure characterization},
	doi = {10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00019-5},
	author = {Xu, L. and Reddy, C. M. and Farrington, J. W. and Frysinger, G. S. and Gaines, R. B. and Johnson, C. G. and Nelson, R. K. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {2173,
	title = {Isotopic evidence for Late Glacial and Holocene climatic change in the tropical Andes},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1338},
	month = {2000},
	author = {Seltzer, G. and Rodbell, D. and Burns, S.}
}
@conference {1674,
	title = {Late Quaternary sedimentary fluctuations of biogenic fluxes driven by climatic changes in the Southern Ocean--abstract},
	booktitle = {XXV General Assembly of European Geophysical Society},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 288},
	month = {2000},
	address = {Nice, France},
	author = {Langone, L. and Giglio, F. and Ravaioli, M. and Frignani, M. and Marozzi, G. and Rovatti, G.}
}
@article {2188,
	title = {Oceanic uptake of CO2 re-estimated through d13C in WOCE samples},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research},
	volume = {B (172)},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1817},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {501-512},
	author = {Lerperger, M. and McNichol, A. P. and Peden, J. and Gagnon, A. R. and Elder, K. L. and Kutschera, W. and Rom, W. and Steier, P.}
}
@conference {1732,
	title = {Paleoceanographic changes in the Southern Ocean (Pacific sector) during the last 14 Ka.--Poster},
	booktitle = {Third International SO-JGOFS Symposium},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1422},
	month = {2000},
	address = {Brest},
	author = {Morigi, C. and Capotondi, L. and Ravaioli, M. and Giglio, F. and Turi, B. and Brilli, M. and Langone, L.}
}
@article {2174,
	title = {Rapid ice margin fluctuations during the Bolling/Allerod and Younger Dryas intervals in the Peruvian Andes},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 392},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {328-338},
	author = {Rodbell, D. T. and Seltzer, G. O.}
}
@article {623,
	title = {Rapid ice margin fluctuations during the Younger Dryas in the tropical Andes},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2000},
	note = {388erTimes Cited:61Cited References Count:66},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {328-338},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon dated lacustrine sequences in Peru show that the chronology of glaciation during the late glacial in the tropical Andes was significantly out-of-phase with the record of climate change in the North Atlantic region. Fluvial incision of glacial-lake deposits in the Cordillera Blanca, central Peru, has exposed a glacial outwash gravel; radiocarbon dates from peat stratigraphically bounding the gravel imply that a glacier advance culminated between similar to 11,280 and 10,990 C-14 yr B.P.; rapid ice recession followed. Similarly, in southern Peru, ice readvanced between similar to 11,500 and 10,900 C-14 yr B.P. as shown by a basal radiocarbon date of similar to 10,870 C-14 yr B.P. from a lake within 1 ion of the Quelccaya Ice Cap. By 10,900 C-14 yr B.P, the ice front had retreated to nearly within its modern limits. Thus, glaciers in central and southern Peru advanced and retreated in near lockstep with one another. The Younger Dryas in the Peruvian Andes was apparently marked by retreating ice fronts in spite of the cool conditions that are inferred from the partial derivative O-18 record of Sajama ice. This retreat was apparently driven by reduced precipitation, which is consistent with interpretations of other paleoclimatic indicators from the region and which may have been a nonlinear response to steadily decreasing summer insolation. (C) 2000 University of Washington.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1006/qres.2000.2177},
	author = {Rodbell, D. T. and Seltzer, G. O.}
}
@article {2184,
	title = {Shared Technologies: Later Stone Age Forager-Farmer Interaction and Metallurgy in the Ituri Rainforest, Democratic Republic of Congo},
	journal = {Azania},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 396},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {107-122},
	author = {Mercader, J. and Rovira, S. and Gomez, P.}
}
@article {636,
	title = {Stable chlorine isotopic compositions of aroclors and aroclor-contaminated sediments},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2000},
	note = {330rcTimes Cited:39Cited References Count:16},
	month = {Jul 1},
	pages = {2866-2870},
	abstract = {An exploratory investigation was conducted to evaluate if stable chlorine isotopic ratios of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) could be useful in studying the processes that determine their transport and fate in the environment First, we determined the variability of delta(37)Cl in the source materials for PCBs. Second, we determined if the delta(37)Cl values of contaminated environmental samples fell outside the range in source variability. The isotopic variability among the source materials (Aroclors) was rather small; delta(37)- Cl values ranged from -3.37 to -2.11\% (mean and standard deviation, -2.78 +/- 0.39\%, n = 12). There was no correlation between the delta(37)Cl values and percentages of chlorine in the mixtures. We also found very similar values in several Clophen mixtures and one Phenoclor. The delta(37)Cl values in the total PCBs isolated from Aroclor-contaminated sediments from the Hudson River, New Bedford Harbor, and Turtle River Estuary ranged from -4.54 to -2.25\% (n = 19). While most of the delta(37)Cl values were within 2 standard deviations of the mean Aroclor value (our assumed estimate for overall source variability), two of the PCB contaminated sediment samples from New Bedford Harbor did appear to be isotopically distinct. The PCBs in these sediments had lower amounts of less chlorinated congeners (when compared to the source material) and were likely isotopically affected by alteration processes that preferentially removed these congeners. Compound specific measurements of two congeners in Aroclor 1268 suggest that there are no large congener-specific differences in the stable chlorine isotope ratios in Aroclors. This study shows that the delta(37)Cl Values of PCBs may be a potentially useful diagnostic tool in studying the transport and fate of PCBs and indicates that additional research is warranted.},
	issn = {0013-936x},
	doi = {10.1021/es9908220},
	author = {Reddy, C. M. and Heraty, L. J. and Holt, B. D. and Sturchio, N. C. and Eglinton, T. I. and Drenzek, N. J. and Xu, L. and Lake, J. L. and Maruya, K. A.}
}
@article {2175,
	title = {Was it melt-water outflor or ice-sheet discharge? A high-resolution study of ice-sheet discharge from the high-latitude sector of the LIS during the LGM},
	journal = {EOS},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 138},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {S21},
	author = {Rashid, H. and Hesse, R. and Piper, D. J. W.}
}
@article {1515,
	title = {An Archaeological Investigation of Late Archaic Cerros de Trincheras Sites in Chihuahua, Mexico},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1389},
	month = {1999},
	institution = {University of Texas, Center for Archaeological Research},
	author = {Hard, R. and Roney, J.}
}
@conference {1579,
	title = {Biogenic silica and organic carbon in sediments from the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean.--Abstract},
	booktitle = {8th International Symposium on Antarctic Earch Sciences},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 286},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {119},
	address = {Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand},
	author = {Giglio, F. and Frignani, M. and Langone, L. and Morigi, C. and Pianosi, G. and Ravaioli, M.}
}
@conference {1585,
	title = {Carbon sequestration and vegetation succession in a coastal wetland in northwest Florida (abstract)},
	booktitle = {Spring meeting of American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {80},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 164},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {S116},
	publisher = {EOS, Transactions},
	organization = {EOS, Transactions},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	author = {Choi, Y. and Wang, Y. and Hsieh, Y. and Robinson, L.}
}
@article {1011,
	title = {Climate and lake-level history of the northern Altiplano Bolivia, as recorded in Holocene sediments of the Rio Desaguadero},
	journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Research},
	volume = {69},
	year = {1999},
	note = {A197atTimes Cited:30Cited References Count:61},
	month = {May},
	pages = {597-611},
	abstract = {Strata exposed in terraces and modern cutbanks along the Rio Desaguadero contain a variety of lithofacies that were deposited in four distinct facies associations. These facies associations document a history of aggradation and downcutting that is Linked to Holocene climate change on the Altiplano.Braided stream, meandering stream, deltaic and shoreline, and la custrine sediments preserved in multi-level terraces in the northern Rio Desaguadero valley record two high-water intervals: one between 4500 and 3900 yr BP and another between 2000 and 2200 yr BP. These wet periods were interrupted by three periods of fluvial downcutting, centered at approximately 4000 yr BP, 3600 Sr BP, and after 2000 yr BP. Braided-river sediments preserved in a single terrace level in the southern Rio Desaguadero valley record a history of nearly continuous fluvial sedimentation from at least 7000 yr BP until approximately 3200 yr BP that was followed by a single episode (post-3210 ST BP) of down cutting and lateral migration.The deposition and subsequent fluvial downcutting of the northern strata was controlled by changes in effective moisture that can he correlated to Holocene water level fluctuations of Lake Titicaca, The deposition and dissection of braided-stream sediments to the south are more likely controlled by a combination of base-level change and sediment input from the Rio Mauri.},
	issn = {1073-130x},
	doi = {10.2110/jsr.69.597},
	author = {Baucom, P. C. and Rigsby, C. A.}
}
@article {931,
	title = {A continuous Holocene glacial record inferred from proglacial lake sediments in Banff National Park, Albert, Canada},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 48; illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch maps, 42 refs.},
	pages = {1-13},
	abstract = {Sediment cores from three proglacial lakes in northern Banff National Park, Alberta, preserve a record of Holocene glacial activity upvalley which is more continuous and better dated than available surficial records. Dating of the cores is based on tephrochronology and 16 AMS14C ages of terrestrial macrofossils. All cores contain a threefold sequence of lacustrine sediments overlying a late Pleistocene diamicton. Basal lacustrine sediments >10,10014C yr old contain little organic matter. Sediment composition indicates a large glacigenic contribution. A sharp increase in organic content marks the beginning of the Altithermal interval at all three lakes. This transition occurred abruptly at about 10,10014C yr B.P. at Crowfoot Lake and possibly more gradually at the other lakes. Altithermal sediments contain relatively little glacigenic material, and during most of the Altithermal, glaciers may have been absent above Crowfoot and Bow Lakes. Glaciers draining into Hector Lake appear to have persisted through the Altithermal. A subsequent decrease in organic content in each lake, reflecting increased clastic sedimentation, marks the end of the Altithermal and the onset of Neoglacial ice advances. The transition took place between about 5800 and 400014C yr B.P. and may be time-transgressive, beginning earlier in Hector Lake than in Crowfoot Lake. Changing Neoglacial clastic sedimentation rates through the Neoglacial interval indicate two main periods of increased glacier extent, between ca. 3000 and 1800 varve yr ago (ca. 2900{\textendash}190014C yr B.P.) and during the last several hundred years. During the intervening period glaciers were less extensive, but much more extensive than during the recessions of the Altithermal interval.},
	keywords = {Canadian Rocky Mountains, glacial history, glaciolacustrine sedimentation, Holocene; Altithermal},
	doi = {10.1006/qres.1998.2009},
	author = {Leonard, Eric M. and Reasoner, Mel A.}
}
@inbook {1456,
	title = {Coupled inner shelf--shoreline sediment responses to small-scale Holocene sea-level fluctuations; North Carolina coastal zone},
	booktitle = {The non-steady state of the inner shelf and shoreline: coastal change on the time scale of decades to millennia in the late Quaternary},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1393},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {165-167},
	publisher = {University of Hawaii, Honolulu},
	organization = {University of Hawaii, Honolulu},
	author = {Riggs, S. R.},
	editor = {Fletcher, C. H.}
}
@mastersthesis {1331,
	title = {Diagenetic Zonation and Authigenic Carbonate Formation within Methane- and Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sedimentary Sections, Offshore, Southeastern North America, Thesis},
	volume = {Dissertation/Thesis},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {306},
	school = {University of North Carolina},
	address = {Chapel Hill, NC},
	author = {Rodriques, N. M.}
}
@article {2215,
	title = {A high resolution ~15,000 year record of El-Nino driven alluviation in southwestern Ecuador},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {283},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 393},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {516-519},
	author = {Rodbell, D. T. and Seltzer, G. O. and Anderson, D. M. and Abbott, M. B. and Enfield, D. B. and Newman, J. H.}
}
@article {818,
	title = {Late Quaternary stratigraphy, Paleoclimate and neotectonism of the Persian (Arabian) Gulf region},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {160},
	year = {1999},
	note = {214vaTimes Cited:31Cited References Count:58},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {1-23},
	abstract = {The last glacial deposits in the Persian (Arabian) Gulf consist of a > 22,000 year old paralic terrigenous sequence in the Mesopotamia Shelf, the foredeep in front of the Iranian Zagros Mountains and the northern side of the Biaban Shelf. Elsewhere, the Gulf, and probably the Biaban Shelf, were mantled by > 30,000 year old carbonates. Comparison of C-14 data from foraminifera from the last glacial terrigenous unit in the foredeep off Iran with curves published by Hopley [Hopley, D., 1982. The Geomorphology of the Great Barrier Reef: Quaternary Development of Coral Reefs. Wiley, New York, 453 pp.] and Chapell et al. [Chapell, J., Omura, A., Tezer, E., McCulloch, M., Pandolfi, J., Ota, Y., Pillans, B., 1996. Reconciliation of late Quaternary sea levels derived from coral terraces at Huon Peninsula with deep sea oxygen isotope records. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 141, 227-236.] indicates that the region may have experienced uplift during the last glacial, whereas other geologic data indicate that the foredeep has had a history of continuous subsidence during the Cenozoic. A possible explanation for this discrepancy is that the foraminifera analyzed are not in place, but were reworked into shallower water during the Holocene transgression. However, the foraminifera analyzed do not display any evidence of wear, indicating that such transport was limited. A third alternative is that sea level during the last glacial was much higher than indicated by the curves of Hopley and Chapell et al.At the peak of the last glaciation 21,000 to 20,000 years ago, when sea level was 120 m lower than now, the Gulf was a waterless basin and deposition was negligible. On the Biaban Shelf, the Holocene transgressive sequence resting unconformably on last glacial sediments consists of 14,000 year old carbonates, a > 11,000 year old terrigenous delta on the northern end of the Biaban Shelf and 11,000-10,000 year old intertidal-tidal aragonite deposited in a dry climate. On the northeast side of the Gulf, the last glacial sediments are covered by 10,000 to 7000 year old aragonite muds (younging toward the northwest). Resting on the aragonites on the Biaban Shelf and on the northeast and northwest sides of the Gulf are marls deposited under the present humid climate. The southwest side of the Gulf continued to be a site of carbonate deposition throughout the Holocene. Comparison of AMS C-14 measurements of the late Holocene marls with the sea level curve of Fairbanks [Fairbanks, R.G., 1989. A 17,000 year glacio-eustatic sea level record; influence of glacial melting rates and the Younger Dryas event and deep-ocean circulation. Nature 342, 637-642.] indicates that the axial zone of the Gulf off Iran experienced subsidence during the Holocene. This subsidence coupled with a rapid rise in sea level during a major glacial melt 9500 to 8500 years ago, when global sea level rose from -50 to -28 m, led to the replacement of marl with a shallow (8-25 m) water fauna by a {\textquoteright}deep{\textquoteright} (> 50 m) water one. Similar measurements and other geologic data indicate that the Mesopotamia Shelf and the mouth of the Mesopotamian Depression on the northwest side of the Gulf underwent both subsidence and uplift during the Cenozoic. These vertical oscillations, however, were more subdued than these in the foredeep off iran. The Arabian Shelf along the Gulfs southwest side appears to have experienced minor uplift during the Cenozoic. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/S0025-3227(99)00011-0},
	author = {Uchupi, E. and Swift, S. A. and Ross, D. A.}
}
@article {832,
	title = {Long-term fluxes and budget of ferric iron: implication for the redox states of the Earth{\textquoteright}s mantle and atmosphere},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {165},
	year = {1999},
	note = {160gtTimes Cited:87Cited References Count:66},
	month = {Jan 30},
	pages = {197-211},
	abstract = {Net flux of ferric iron from the subducted oceanic crust to the mantle has been estimated to constrain the evolution of the redox state of the Earth{\textquoteright}s mantle. The main mechanism responsible for the transfer of ferric iron towards the mantle is the production of magnetite during the hydrothermal alteration of the oceanic crust. Both modeling and compilation of chemical data lead to a flux of 21 x 10(3) kg s(-1) of ferric iron transported by the subducted oceanic crust. The net flux of ferric iron towards the deep mantle is estimated to be 12 x 10(3) kg s(-1) when corrected from the production rates of basic magmas at oceanic ridges, island arcs, and hot spots. We discuss several hypotheses. Ferric iron could react at depth with reduced species that buffer the redox state of the mantle to its present-day value. One possible mechanism could be the reaction of this ferric iron with the core that would have been reduced by only 500 m since 2 Ga. At the opposite, we may also consider that ferric iron accumulates in the deep mantle, being possibly accepted by the structure of spinel, garnet, and perovskite. The transfer of ferric iron from subducted slabs to the mantle contributes from 10 to 25\% in the global budget of the ferric iron component of the mantle. The long-term loss of ferric iron from the Earth{\textquoteright}s surface may be considered as a plausible mechanism to regulate the photosynthetic production of molecular oxygen. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0012-821x},
	doi = {10.1016/S0012-821x(98)00267-2},
	author = {Lecuyer, C. and Ricard, Y.}
}
@article {2213,
	title = {Marine and meteoric diagenesis of pleistocene carbonates from a nearshore submarine terrace, Ohau, Hawaii},
	journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Research},
	volume = {69},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 298},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {1083-1097},
	author = {Sherman, C. E. and Fletcher, C. H. and Rubin, K. H.}
}
@article {2214,
	title = {Marine and meteoric diagenesis of Pleistocene carbonates from a nearshore submarine terrace, Oahu, Hawaii},
	journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Research},
	volume = {69},
	year = {1999},
	note = {A237cq
Times Cited:42
Cited References Count:79
},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {1083-1097},
	abstract = {The nearshore slope of Oahu consists of a shallowly dipping shelf extending from the shoreline out to the similar to -20 m contour, where there is a sharp break in slope down to similar to -30 m, Limestones recovered in a series of short cores taken from this nearshore terrace are typical of shallow-marine reef environments and comprise either a branching-coral or massive-coral facies, The composition as well as shoreward zonation of facies suggests that the terrace represents an in situ fossil reef complex. Th-U ages of in situ corals are all Pleistocene and suggest that the bulk of the feature formed during marine oxygen isotope stage 7. Later accretion along the seaward front of the terrace occurred during marine oxygen isotope substages 5a and/or 5c. Deposition during these interglacial highstands has not previously been documented in the sea-level record on Oahu,Although the diagenetic record in the cored samples is incomplete, three periods of diagenesis are identified: early shallow marine, meteoric, and post-meteoric shallow marine. Early shallow-marine diagenesis includes cementation by aragonite and Mg calcite in an active marine phreatic zone and predominantly micritization in a stagnant marine phreatic zone. Meteoric processes occurred in the vadose zone and include precipitation of calcite (needle fibers, meniscus cements, micritic networks), neomorphism, and dissolution. All limestones are now in an active marine phreatic zone. Evidence of post-meteoric shallow-marine diagenesis is found in last-generation Mg calcite cements and internal sediments occurring directly on limestone substrates that have otherwise been stabilized to calcite. The present seafloor is undergoing extensive biological and physical erosion. No Holocene limestones were recovered. Petrographic and geochemical signatures of subaerial exposure and meteoric diagenesis are recognized within the upper several centimeters of all cores. Thus, the present seafloor in the study area is a flooded Pleistocene subaerial exposure surface.
},
	keywords = {barrier-reef, calcite, corals, fringing-reef, Holocene, oxygen isotopes, platform, recrystallization, sea-level, stabilization},
	isbn = {1073-130x},
	doi = {10.2110/jsr.69.1083},
	author = {Sherman, C. E. and Fletcher, C. H. and Rubin, K. H.}
}
@conference {1731,
	title = {Paleoceanographic changes in the Southern Ocean (Pacific Sector) during the last 14 ka.- -Abstract},
	booktitle = {Third International SO-JGOFS Symposium},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1426},
	month = {1999},
	address = {Brest},
	author = {Morigo, C. and Capotondi, L. and Ravaioli, M. and Giglio, F. and Turi, B. and Brilli, M. and Langone, L.}
}
@conference {1739,
	title = {Paleoenvironments of Capitol Reef National Park reconstructed from fossil packrate middens},
	booktitle = {4th biennial Conference on Research on the Colorado Plateau},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1369},
	month = {1999},
	address = {USGS Colorado Plateau Field Station, Flagstaff, AZ},
	author = {Cole, K. L. and Murray, L. K.},
	editor = {Riper, van}
}
@conference {1742,
	title = {Planktic foraminifera and oxygen isotope as proxies for paleoceanographic reconstruction in the Southern Ocean during the last deglacial time--Abstract},
	booktitle = {Convegno Glaciologia e Paleoclima},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1425},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {70-71},
	address = {Padova},
	author = {Morigi, C. and Capotondi, L. and Ravaioli, M. and Giglio, F. and Turi, B. and Brilli, M. and Frignani, M. and Langone, L.}
}
@conference {1750,
	title = {A preliminary model-data comparison for bomb-14C in the Pacific thermocline},
	booktitle = {WOCE-AIMS Tracer Workshop},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 313},
	month = {1999},
	address = {Bremen, Germany},
	author = {Rogers, K. and Peacock, S. and Latif, M. and Key, R. M.}
}
@conference {1774,
	title = {Records of Heinrich Events at the confluence of the distal Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel, and the Immarssauk Mid-Ocean Channel of the North Atlantic, Europ. Union},
	booktitle = {Geoscience 10th Annual Meeting},
	volume = {Abstract 4},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 137; 1},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {173},
	author = {Rashid, H. and Hesse, R. and Piper, D. J. W.}
}
@article {2232,
	title = {Research of natural processes taking place in Issyk-Kul Lake and Issyk-Kul Hollow by means of isotopic methods},
	journal = {Science and New Technologies},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 210},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {86-91},
	author = {Johnson, T. J. and Rasmussen, K. A. and Romanovsky, V. V.}
}
@article {395,
	title = {The role of oceanic forcing in mid-Holocene Northern Hemisphere climatic change},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {14},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1943; PT: J; UT: WOS:000079325100009},
	pages = {200-210},
	abstract = {Previous model investigations suggested that changes in orbital forcing and feedbacks associated with northward expansion of the boreal forest were both required to explain the full magnitude of enhanced high-latitude Northern Hemisphere summer warming at 6 ka, thus implying that biospheric feedbacks (decreased planetary albedo associated with forest expansion) may be large in the future [Foley ct at., 1994; TEMPO (Testing Earth System Models with Paleo-Observations), 1996]. Before the magnitude of past biospheric and other feedbacks can be estimated with confidence, however, the role of realistic high-latitude oceanic forcing (i.e., sea surface temperature (SST) increases and sea ice reductions) should also be considered. Here we review existing paleoceanographic observations that suggest portions of the North Atlantic were up to 4 degrees C warmer than today at 6 ka. We then combine our estimates of mid-Holocene North Atlantic SST and sea ice conditions with new climate model simulations to suggest that a significant portion of high-latitude summer warming at 6 ka in the Northern Hemisphere can be accounted for by altered orbital forcing, SSTs, and sea ice relative to today. Our results underscore the importance of incorporating realistic boundary conditions when using paleoenvironmental data to evaluate the climate system{\textquoteright}s sensitivity to altered forcing and suggest that high-latitude oceanic feedbacks were major contributors to enhanced high-latitude summer warming in the Northern Hemisphere at 6 ka.},
	issn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/1998PA900011},
	author = {Kerwin, M. W. and Overpeck, J. T. and Webb, R. S. and DeVernal, A. and Rind, D. H. and Healy, R. J.}
}
@conference {1784,
	title = {Sedimentological and carbon-isotopic record of late Holocene climate in the sediments of Soda Lake Carrizo Plain, California. Abstracts},
	booktitle = {Geological Society of America, Annual Meeting},
	series = {Session 147},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 224},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {122},
	address = {Denver, Colorado},
	author = {Eigenbrode, J. L. and Pratt, L. M. and Rhodes, D. D. and Arrowsmith, J. R. and Mora, G.}
}
@mastersthesis {1305,
	title = {Sedimentological, carbon-isotopic, and molecular records of late Holocene climate in the sediments of Soda Lake, Carrizo Plain, California. Thesis},
	volume = {M.S., Unpublished},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999},
	school = {Indiana University},
	author = {Eigenbrode, J.L. and Pratt, L.M. and Rhodes, D.D. and Arrowsmith, J.R. and Mora, G.}
}
@article {396,
	title = {Simulated time-dependent climate response to solar radiative forcing since 1600},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {104},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1945; PT: J; UT: WOS:000078242200003},
	pages = {1973-1990},
	abstract = {Estimated solar irradiance variations since 1500 have been used to force the GISS atmospheric GCM coupled to a mixed layer "q-flux" ocean with heat diffusion through the bottom of the mixed layer. The goal is to assess solar-induced climate change in preindustrial and postindustrial epochs. Six simulations and control runs were made to test the effects of different initial conditions, estimates of initial solar forcing conditions, and ocean heat uptake. The results show that an estimated solar forcing increase of 0.25\% accounts for a 0.45 degrees C temperature increase since 1600 and an increase of about 0.2 degrees C over the past 100 years. Global surface temperatures lag solar fluctuations by up to 10 years; the lag is greater over the oceans and so is the correlation due to reduced noise. With only a mixed layer ocean the phase lag is 5 years less. Solar forcing and water vapor feedback each directly account for 35\% of the temperature response, with cloud cover changes contributing 20\% and sea ice/snow cover 10\%. Uncertainty in the initial radiation imbalance or solar forcing affects the surface temperatures for 60-90 years. Modeled and observed periodicities show dominance of long-period forcing (>50 years), as provided by the solar input in these experiments. Tropical temperatures correlate best with solar forcing, due to the influence of water vapor feedback, especially at these multidecadal periods. Sea ice and extratropical temperatures have less long-period power, while high-frequency fluctuations dominate simulated cloud cover variations, which are relatively independent of solar forcing changes. Global and extratropical precipitation increase as the climate warms, but not low and subtropical precipitation, due to conflicting influences of absolute temperature and temperature gradient changes. Solar forcing by itself was not sufficient to produce the rapid warming during the last several decades. A comparison experiment varying trace gas forcing suggests that if the solar estimate is correct, then negative forcing by tropospheric aerosols (and perhaps volcanoes, ozone, and land use changes) has been about -1.2 W m(-)2 since 1700, implying approximately equal contribution from direct and indirect tropospheric aerosol effects.},
	issn = {0747-7309},
	doi = {10.1029/1998JD200020},
	author = {Rind, D. and Lean, J. and Healy, R.}
}
@conference {1797,
	title = {Stable isotope and trace element composition of ostracodes from Lake Issyk Kul, Kyrgyzstan},
	booktitle = {American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1366},
	month = {1999},
	address = {San Francisco, California},
	author = {Ricketts, R. D. and Rasmussen, K. A. and Brown, E. T. and Johnson, T. J.}
}
@article {2234,
	title = {Terrace Construction in Northern Chihuahua, Mexico at 1150 B.C. and the Present},
	journal = {Journal of Field Archaeology},
	volume = {26},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 238},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {129-146},
	author = {Hard, R. and Roney, J. and Zapata, J. and Moses, B.}
}
@conference {1600,
	title = {Controls of chemical and isotopic composition of Lake water, Peten, Guatemala and implications for Holocene climatic variability in Central America. Abstracts with Programs},
	booktitle = {Geological Society of America Annual Meeting},
	volume = {30},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 140},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {309},
	author = {Martin, J. B. and Rosenmeier, M. F. and Hodell, D. A. and Brenner, M. and Curtis, J. H.}
}
@article {882,
	title = {Early diagenetic minerals and variables influencing their distributions in two long cores (>40m), Mississippi River delta plain},
	journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Research},
	volume = {68},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 5},
	pages = {185-197},
	abstract = {Two long (>40 m) continuous push cores of sediments from the Mississippi Delta Plain, one at a northern freshwater site and one at a southern marine-influenced site, have provided samples of individual concretions and homogenized bulk samples for a study of early diagenesis. Early (<10,000 y) diagenetic minerals are abundant and include: siderite>pyrite>calcite nearly equal dolomite>vivianite approximately hematite. Siderite formed postburial and contains bands of clastic minerals and accessory diagenetic calcite and dolomite, as well as Ca, Mg, and Mn substituted in the lattice. Values for delta 13 C increase with increasing depth to +11 per mil (PDB) at a depth of 40 m, reflecting the increasing role of methanogenesis with depth. From analyses of bulk samples, pyrite concentrations are higher in organic-rich horizons, do not vary appreciably with depth below one meter when adjusted for organic-carbon control, and are generally higher in the marine-influenced core than at the freshwater site. Conversely, concentrations of siderite are higher in fine-grained siliciclastic horizons, increase with depth to about 20 m, and do not vary with the extent of marine influence in these cores. To a first approximation, distributions of pyrite appear to be controlled by variations in organic carbon concentration in sulfate-sufficient systems that formed through marine incursion into organic-rich layers that cap sediment packages in the deltaic system. Residual pyritic S is sulfate-controlled and lower in the northern, more freshwater organic-rich sediments. Siderite formation appears to be focused in sulfate-deficient systems that formed when siliciclastic wedges that constitute the central parts of sediment packages prograded into lacustrine or bay environments. Low sulfate levels in these horizons in both cores facilitated similar levels of siderite. A juxtaposition of marine versus freshwater diagenetic mineral suites in adjacent horizons resulted from these interactions between physical and geochemical processes.},
	doi = {10.2110/jsr.68.185},
	author = {Bailey, A. M. and Roberts, H. H. and Blackson, J. M.}
}
@article {2260,
	title = {Early to middle Holocene climatic variability in Central America: evidence from lacustrine sediments in the Peten, Guatemala},
	journal = {EOS: Transactions American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {79},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1209},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {476},
	author = {Rosenmeier, M. F. and Hodel, D. A. and Martin, J. B. and Brenner, M. and Curtis, J. H.}
}
@article {2252,
	title = {High-precision radiocarbon age calibration for terrestrial and marine samples},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1998},
	note = {155qrTimes Cited:705
Cited References Count:31
},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {1127-1151},
	abstract = {Single-year and decadal radiocarbon tree-ring ages are tabulated and discussed in terms of C-14 age calibration. The single-year data form the basis of a detailed 14C age calibration curve for the cal AD 1510-1954 interval ("cal" denotes calibrated). The Seattle decadal data set (back to 11,617 cal sp, with 0 sp = AD 1950) is a component of the integrated decadal INTCAL98 C-14 age curve (Stuiver et al. 1998). Atmospheric C-14 ages can be transformed into C-14 ages of the global ocean using a carbon reservoir model. INTCAL98 C-14 ages, used for these calculations, yield global ocean C-14 ages differing slightly from previously published ones (Stuiver and Braziunas 1993b). We include discussions of offsets, error multipliers, regional C-14 age differences and marine C-14 age response to oceanic and atmospheric forcing.},
	keywords = {ad 1950-500 bc, c-14 data, decadal calibration, reservoir ages, time scale},
	isbn = {0033-8222},
	author = {Stuiver, M. and Reimer, P. J. and Braziunas, T. F.}
}
@article {776,
	title = {How much deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean?},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans},
	volume = {103},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Zz547Times Cited:115Cited References Count:44},
	month = {Jul 15},
	pages = {15833-15843},
	abstract = {Three tracers are used to place constraints on the production rate of ventilated deep water in the Southern Ocean. The distribution of the water mass tracer PO4* ("phosphate star") in the deep sea suggests that the amount of ventilated deep water produced in the Southern Ocean is equal to or greater than the outflow of North Atlantic Deep Water from the Atlantic. Radiocarbon distributions yield an export flux of water from the North Atlantic which has averaged about 15 Sv over the last several hundred years. CFC inventories are used as a direct indicator of the current production rate of ventilated deep water in the Southern Ocean. Although coverage is as yet sparse, it appears that the CFC inventory is not inconsistent with the deep water production rate required by the distributions of PO4* and radiocarbon. It has been widely accepted that the major part of the deep water production in the Southern Ocean takes place in the Weddell Sea. However, our estimate of the Southern Ocean ventilated deep water flux is in conflict with previous estimates of the flux of ventilated deep water from the Weddell Sea, which lie in the range 1-5 Sv. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed.},
	doi = {10.1029/98jc00248},
	author = {Broecker, W. S. and Peacock, S. L. and Walker, S. and Weiss, R. and Fahrbach, E. and Schroeder, M. and Mikolajewicz, U. and Heinze, C. and Key, R. and Peng, T. H. and Rubin, S.}
}
@conference {1666,
	title = {Late Holocene climatic variability in Central America: evidence from lacustrine sediments in the Peten, Guatemala and implications for Maya cultural evolution; Procedings of the PEP 1},
	booktitle = {PEP 1 (Pole-Equator-Pole, Paleoclimate of the Americas)},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 141},
	month = {1998},
	address = {Merida, Venezualla},
	author = {Rosenmeier, M. F. and Hodell, D. A. and Martin, J. B. and Brenner, M. and Curtis, J. H.}
}
@article {744,
	title = {A massive terraced village complex in Chihuahua, Mexico, 3000 years before present},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {279},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Zb612Times Cited:32Cited References Count:59},
	month = {Mar 13},
	pages = {1661-1664},
	abstract = {Cerro Juanaquena is a residential complex with 8 kilometers of terrace walls in northwestern Mexico that was occupied at similar to 3000 calendar years before present based on radiocarbon dates on maize (Zea mays L.), Most other similar sized terrace complex sites that have been found date to similar to 1000 years before present, Cerro Juanaquena was contemporaneous with 10 other sites in the southwestern United States that have yielded 18 of the earliest maize or squash radiocarbon dates yet, and it is by far the largest and most complex site, The archaeological evidence from this site, combined with other recent data, implies that highly variable combinations of population aggregation, agricultural dependence, and degrees of sedentism were present during the time maize was being introduced into the American Southwest.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.279.5357.1661},
	author = {Hard, R. J. and Roney, J. R.}
}
@article {777,
	title = {Overview of the eruption of Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat, 18 July 1995 to December 1997},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {25},
	year = {1998},
	note = {119mkTimes Cited:102Cited References Count:7},
	month = {Sep 15},
	pages = {3389-3392},
	abstract = {The onset of phreatic volcanic activity at the Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat on 18 July 1995 followed a three-year period of heightened volcano-seismic activity beneath the island. Phreatic explosions gave way to continuous eruption of juvenile andesitic magma in the form of a lava dome on or around 15 November 1995. Magma production rate has varied, leading to changes in eruptive style. An explosive eruption on 17 September 1996 followed a period of enhanced dome growth and large-scale gravitational collapses from its eastern flank. Increasing dome volume led to stressing and overtopping of the confining crater walls to the southwest, north and west during early 1997. Sustained high magma production rate since June 1997 has led to three periods of major gravitational dome collapses followed by vulcanian explosive eruptions. Dome growth re-started immediately after the cessation of the latest of these explosive phases in October 1997 and continues as of December 1997.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/98gl01405},
	author = {Young, S. R. and Sparks, R. S. J. and Aspinall, W. P. and Lynch, L. L. and Miller, A. D. and Robertson, R. E. A. and Shepherd, J. B.}
}
@article {778,
	title = {Pyroclastic stratigraphy of the Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat - Implications for the present eruption},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {25},
	year = {1998},
	note = {119mkTimes Cited:24Cited References Count:9},
	month = {Sep 15},
	pages = {3393-3396},
	abstract = {The stratigraphy of the Soufriere Hills volcano is dominated by dense-andesite block and ash flow deposits. Forty-one radiocarbon ages permit a reconstruction of the eruptive history over the past 31,000 years. A single stratigraphic member yielding radiocarbon ages of 22,000 to 20,000 years B.P. is composed of block and ash flow deposits with semi-vesiculated clasts concentrated in the upper third of each deposit. The present eruption is also producing block and ash flow deposits with both dense and semi-vesiculated clasts. It marks a return to a more explosive driven type of activity as occurred 22,000 to 20,000 years ago. Deposits of this member have a broad sheet-like form and volumes in excess of any produced so far by the present eruption.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/98gl00643},
	author = {Roobol, M. J. and Smith, A. L.}
}
@article {825,
	title = {A reassessment of the sources and importance of land-derived organic matter in surface sediments from the Gulf of Mexico},
	journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {62},
	year = {1998},
	note = {156xvTimes Cited:251Cited References Count:133},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {3055-3075},
	abstract = {Organic matter in surface sediments from two onshore-offshore transects in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico was characterized by a variety of techniques, including elemental, stable carbon, radiocarbon, and molecular-level analyses. In spite of the importance of the Mississippi River as a sediment source, there is little evidence for a significant terrigenous input based on the low carbon:nitrogen ratios (8-5) and the enriched delta(13)C values of bulk sedimentary organic carbon (-19.7 parts per thousand to -21.7 parts per thousand). Radiocarbon analyses, on the other hand, yield depleted Delta(14)C values (-277 parts per thousand to -572 parts per thousand) which indicate that a significant fraction of the sedimentary organic carbon (OC) in all these surface sediments must be relatively old and most likely of allochthonous origin. CuO oxidations yield relatively low quantities of lignin products (0.4-1.4 mg/100 mg OC) along with compounds derived from proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids. Syringyl:vanillyl and cinnamyl:vanillyl ratios (averaging 1.6 and 0.5, respectively) and acid:aldehyde ratios for both vanillyl and syringyl phenols (averaging 0.8 and 1.2, respectively) indicate that the lignin present in sediments originates from nonwoody angiosperm sources and is highly degraded. The delta(13)C values of lignin phenols in shelf sediments are relatively depleted in (13)C (averaging -26.3 parts per thousand) but are increasingly enriched in (13)C at the slope sites (averaging -17.5 parts per thousand for the two deepest stations). We interpret these molecular and isotopic compositions to indicate that a significant fraction (greater than or equal to 50\%) of the lignin and, by inference, the land-derived organic carbon in northwestern Gulf of Mexico sediments ultimately originated from C(4) plants. The source of this material is likely to be soil organic matter eroded from the extensive grasslands of the Mississippi River drainage basin. Notably, the mixed C(4) and C(3) source and the highly degraded state of this material hampers its recognition and quantification in shelf and slope sediments. Our data are consistent with higher than previously estimated inputs of land-derived organic carbon to regions of the ocean, such as the Gulf of Mexico, with significant sources of terrigenous C(4)-derived organic matter. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00217-8},
	author = {Go{\~n}i, M. A. and Ruttenberg, K. C. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {2253,
	title = {Un registro de 6,000 anos de manifestaciones intensas del fenomeno de El Nino en sedimentos de lagunas de las Islas Galapagos},
	journal = {Bulletin de l{\textquoteright}Institut Francais d{\textquoteright}Etudes Andines},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 196},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {581-592},
	author = {Steinitz-Kannan, M. and Riedinger, M. A. and Last, W. M. and Brenner, M. and Miller, M. C.}
}
@article {1511,
	title = {Una Investigacion Arqueologica de los Sitios Cerros con Trincheras del Arcaico Tardio en Chihuahua, Mexico: Las Investigaciones de Campo de 1997},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 242},
	month = {1998},
	institution = {University of Texas, Center for Archaeological Research},
	author = {Hard, R. and Roney, J.}
}
@article {819,
	title = {An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {138},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Xj245Times Cited:283Cited References Count:35},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {119-126},
	abstract = {During latest Quaternary glaciation, the Black Sea became a giant freshwater lake. The surface of this lake drew down to levels more than 100 m below its outlet. When the Mediterranean rose to the Bosporus sill at 7,150 yr BP1, saltwater poured through this spillway to refill the lake and submerge, catastrophically, more than 100,000 km(2) of its exposed continental shelf. The permanent drowning of a vast terrestrial landscape may possibly have accelerated the dispersal of early neolithic foragers and farmers into the interior of Europe at that time. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00007-8},
	author = {Ryan, W. B. F. and Pitman, W. C. and Major, C. O. and Shimkus, K. and Moskalenko, V. and Jones, G. A. and Dimitrov, P. and Gorur, N. and Sakinc, M. and Yuce, H.}
}
@article {279,
	title = {Detritus dynamics in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica: Elements for an ecosystem carbon and nutrient budget},
	journal = {Marine Ecology-Progress Series},
	volume = {151},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 2004; PT: J; UT: WOS:A1997XE68700005},
	pages = {43-53},
	abstract = {Leaf decay, leaf Litter export, burial in belowground sinks, and respiratory consumption of detritus were examined at 2 different depths in a Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile meadow off the Medes Islands, NW Mediterranean. At 5 m, the amount of exported leaf Litter represented carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus losses of 7, 9 and 6 \% of the plant primary production, respectively. About 26 \% of the carbon produced by the plant in 1 yr was immobilized by burial in the belowground compartment, i.e. as roots and rhizomes. Annual nitrogen and phosphorus burial in the sediment was 8 and 5 \% of total N and P needs, respectively. Respiratory consumption (aerobic) of carbon leaf detritus represented 17\% of the annual production. An additional, but very substantial, loss of carbon as very fine particulate organic matter has been estimated at ca 48\%. At 13 m the pattern of carbon losses was similar, but the lesser effect of wave action (relative to that at 5 m) reduced exportation, hence increasing the role of respiratory consumption. Data on carbon losses indicated that only a small part of the plant production was actually available to fuel the food web of this ecosystem. Total nutrient losses were in the range of 21 to 47 \% of annual needs. From differences found in N and P concentrations between living and dead tissues, it is suggested that important nutrient recycling (50 to 70\%) may be due either to reclamation or to leaching immediately after plant death.},
	issn = {0171-8630},
	doi = {10.3354/meps151043},
	author = {Mateo, M. A. and Romero, J.}
}
@article {2292,
	title = {Dynamic changes of the Holocene Mississippi River delta plain: The delta cycle},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	volume = {13},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Xq326Times Cited:167
Cited References Count:74
},
	month = {Sum},
	pages = {605-627},
	abstract = {Previous geologic research on Holocene Mississippi River deltaic deposits has verified that the present delta plain and associated nearshore barrier islands and submarine shoals are either direct or indirect products of cyclic delta-building events that have operated on a variety of temporal and spatial scales. A major depositional element of the modern delta plain is the delta complex, of which there are six: (1) Maringouin, (2) Teche, (3) St. Bernard, (4) Lafourche, (5) Balize, and (6) Atchafalaya. Major delta-building events have occurred at a frequency of one every 1-2 kyr. Deposits associated with the six major delta complexes are fundamental constructional units of the delta plain, which collectively covers an area of similar to 30,000 km(2). Sedimentary deposits associated with these delta-building events range in thickness from about 10 to 100 m. Their construction is modulated by stream capture, which develops a new delta complex by way of a new river course. Delta complexes may be comprised of one or more delta lobes. As a product of this delta switching, the depositional architecture of the delta plain consists of laterally offset and stacked delta lobes. Within delta lobes are subdeltas and even smaller crevasse-splays. These smaller scale deltas sedimentologically and geomorphically mimic their larger delta lobe counterparts, but they are considerably thinner, cover less area, and have a shorter period of development and abandonment. Subdeltas are usually < 10 m thick and may fill shallow bays that cover over 300 km(2). They build and deteriorate on time-scales of 150-200 years. Crevasse-splays or overbank splays are < 5 m thick, cover only a few square kilometers, and are abandoned after several decades of active growth.Each delta evolves through a rapid regressional phase as water and sediment are captured from an antecedent river course. If highstand conditions persist long enough, deltas may prograde to the outer shelf to form wedges of deltaic sediment much thicker than their inner shelf counterparts. The delta-building process starts with the filling of interior lakes (lacustrine deltas), which is followed by bayhead delta-building at the coast, and finally by progradation across the marine shelf(shelf delta). Delta complexes and delta lobes, as well as their smaller counterparts, experience three phases of growth and abandonment: (1) rapid growth with increasing-to-stable discharge, (2) relative stability during initial stages of waning discharge, when sediment input balances the collective effects of subsidence, and (3) abandonment, followed by rapid subsidence-driven subaerial delta deterioration. In the rapid growth stage, formerly eroding-subsiding coastal environments experience delta plain accretion and coastal progradation from renewed sediment input. On the abandonment side of the cycle, marine processes overwhelm fluvial processes and rework the delta perimeter. Forced by the combined processes of subsidence, the delta surface undergoes progressive submergence. Transgressive sand bodies created by wave reworking of the delta evolve from headland beaches and spits, to barrier islands, and finally to submarine shoals as the abandonment phase is completed.
},
	keywords = {barrier, delta cycle, lacustrine deltas, progradation, shoreline change, subsidence},
	isbn = {0749-0208},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4298659},
	author = {Roberts, H. H.}
}
@article {907,
	title = {Eruption of Soufriere Hills Volcano in Montserrat},
	journal = {EOS},
	volume = {78},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 99},
	pages = {401-408},
	abstract = {On July 18,1995, the Soufriere Hills volcano in Montserrat erupted for the first time in recorded history. The eruption began with intense fumarolic venting and phreatic explosions following 3 years of elevated seismicity. An andesite lava dome emerged on November 15, 1995, and continued to grow, with several periods of copious pyroclastic flow generation and an explosive eruption on September 17, 1996. The largest pyroclastic flows to date (on June 25, 1997) and a period of vulcanian explosions with fountain collapse (during early August 1997) indicate continued escalation of the eruption.},
	doi = {10.1029/97EO00255},
	author = {Young, S. R. and Sparks, S. and Robertson, R. and Lynch, L. and Aspinall, W.}
}
@article {2293,
	title = {A high-resolution paleoenvironmental record from Bainbridge Crater Lake, Galapagos Islands},
	journal = {Wurzburger Geographische Manuscripte, Heft},
	volume = {41},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 356},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {169},
	author = {Reidinger, M. and Steinitz-Kannan, M. and Last, W. and Brenner, M.}
}
@article {2305,
	title = {Preliminary results of the first scientific drilling on Lake Baikal, Buguldeika site, southeastern Siberia},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {37},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Vq100Times Cited:44
Cited References Count:29
},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {3-17},
	abstract = {The Baikal Drilling Project (BDP) is a multinational effort to investigate the paleoclimatic history and tectonic evolution of the Baikal sedimentary basin during the Late Neogene. In March 1993 the Baikal drilling system was successfuly deployed from a barge frozen into position over a topographic high, termed the Buguldeika saddle, in the southern basin of Lake Baikal. The BDP-93 scientific team, made up of Russian, American and Japanese scientists, successfully recovered the first long (>100 m) hydraulic piston cores from two holes in 354 m of water. High quality cores of 98 m (Hole 1) and 102 m (Hole 2), representing sedimentation over the last 500,000 years, were collected in 78 mm diameter plastic liners with an average recovery of 72\% and 90\%, respectively. Magnetic susceptibility logging reveals an excellent hole-to-hole correlation. In this report the scientific team describes the preliminary analytical results from BDP-93 hole 1 cores. Radiocarbon dating by accelerator mass spectrometry provides an accurate chronology for the upper portion of Hole 1. Detailed lithologic characteristics, rock magnetic properties and inorganic element distributions show a significant change to the depositional environment occuring at 50 m subbottom depth, approximately 250,000 BP. This change may be due to uplift and rotation of the horst block in the Buguldeika saddle. The sedimentary section above 50 m is pelitic with varve-like laminae, whereas the section below 50 m contains a high proportion of sand and gravel horizons often organized into turbidite sequences. Accordingly, high resolution seismic records reveal a change in sonic velocity at this depth. It is inferred that sedimentation prior to 250 ka BP was from the west via the Buguldeika river system. After 250 ka BP the Buguldeika saddle reflects an increase in hemipelagic sediments admired with fine-grained material from the Selenga River drainage basin, east of Lake Baikal. Variations in the spore-pollen assemblage, diatoms, biogenic silica content, rock magnetic properties, clay mineralogy and organic carbon in the upper 50 m of BDP-93-1 reveal a detailed record of climate change over approximately the last 250,000 years. These variables alternate in a pattern characteristic of glacial/interglacial climatic fluctuations. The present age model suggests that the climate signal recorded in Lake Baikal sediments is similar to Late Quaternary signals recorded in Chinese loess sections and in marine sediments. Copyright (C) 1996 INQUA/Elsevier Science Ltd},
	keywords = {asia, tectonics},
	isbn = {1040-6182},
	author = {Colman, S. and Grachev, M. and Hearn, P. and Horie, S. and Kawai, T. and Kuzmin, M. and Logachov, N. and Fialkov, V. and Gorigljad, A. and Tomilov, B. and Khakhaev, B. and Kochikov, S. and Lykov, V. and Pevzner, L. and Bucharov, A. and Karabanov, E. and Logachev, N. and Mats, V. and Bardardinov, A. and Baranova, E. and Khlystov, O. and Khrachenko, V. and Shimaraeva, M. and Stolbova, E. and Komakova, E. and Efremova, S. and Gvozdkov, A. and Kravchinski, V. and Peck, J. and Fileva, T. and Kashik, S. and Khramtsova, T. and Kalashnikova, I. and Rasskazova, T. and Tatarnikova, V. and Yuretich, R. and Mazilov, V. and Takemura, K. and Bobrov, V. and Gunicheva, T. and Haraguchi, H. and Ito, S. and Kocho, T. and Kuzmin, M. and Markova, M. and Pampura, V. and Proidakova, O. and Ishiwatari, R. and Sawatari, H. and Takeuchi, A. and Toyoda, K. and Vorobieva, S. and Ikeda, A. and Marui, A. and Nakamura, T. and Ogura, K. and Ohta, T. and King, J. and Sakai, H. and Yokoyama, T. and Hayashida, A. and Bezrukova, E. and Fowell, S. and Fuji, N. and Letunova, P. and Misharina, V. and Miyoshi, N. and Chernyaeva, G. and Ignatova, I. and Likhoshvai, E. and Stoermer, E. and Granina, L. and Levina, O. and Dolgikh, P. and Lazo, F. and Lutskaia, N. and Orem, W. and Wada, E. and Williams, D. and Yamada, K. and Yamada, S. and Callander, E. and Golobokoval, L. and Shanks, P. and Dorofeeva, R. and Duchkov, A.}
}
@article {2296,
	title = {Radiocarbon chronology of Namaqualand mudbelt sediments: problems and prospects},
	journal = {South African Journal of Science},
	volume = {93},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Yb537Times Cited:7
Cited References Count:18
},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {321-327},
	abstract = {This paper presents the first radiocarbon-dated chronology of the mudbelt which occupies the continental shelf around southern Africa. The results confirm the Holocene age of the superficial deposits and suggest that laminations in the sediments of the mudbelt off the Orange River mouth are recent and terrestrially derived. Two anomalies are, however, apparent in the chronology. First, the surface sediments do not provide recent or contemporary radiocarbon ages, as would be expected. Second, the laminated sediments yield ages which are not in stratigraphic sequence and appear to be clustered around the period 1000 to 1700 sri Possible reasons for these anomalies are discussed together with alternative means of deriving a more accurate and reliable chronology for the mudbelt sediments.},
	keywords = {accumulation rates, ages, Marine},
	isbn = {0038-2353},
	author = {Meadows, M. E. and Dingle, R. V. and Rogers, J. and Mills, E. G.}
}
@article {1031,
	title = {Sedimentology of terrigenous mud from the Orange River delta and the inner shelf off Namaqualand, South Africa},
	journal = {South African Geographical Journal},
	volume = {79},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 218},
	pages = {108-114},
	abstract = {

Sediment cores, from the inner shelf off the Namaqualand continental shelf have been examined using radiographic and grain-size techniques. Size-frequency distributions reveal that the sediments are poly modal, with a dominant very fine-silt mode being between 8-4μm, and suggest that the weak, poleward-flowing De Decker Current causes southward dispersal of terrigenous mud off the Orange River mouth. It appears that this current is not strong enough to transport material coarser than very fine silt. Material >63μm in size is rare, but may be indicative of storm events.

Quartz and mica in the sediments are related to the semi-arid climate of Namaqualand, where they are entrained by adiabatic Berg winds moving offshore from the interior. Sponge spicules indicate the presence of filter-feeding animals (epifauna). Planktonic foraminifera may be indicative of relatively high productivity associated with nutrient-rich upwelling waters, which support an enormous population of plankton. The presence of faecal pellets is associated with the presence of burrowing infauna. Authigenic gypsum is associated with the presence of anaerobic conditions in the sediments.

Two of the lithofacies identified in these fine-grained deposits are: (a) laminated mud and (b) homogeneous mud. Primary sedimentary structures are present, particularly in the portion of the mudbelt closest to the Orange Delta, where the mud is well laminated. Laminations decrease in abundance southward from the delta, where the muddy sediment is increasingly bioturbated (burrowed) by infauna, probably by polychaete worms.
},
	doi = {10.1080/03736245.1997.9713632},
	author = {Mabote, M. and Rogers, J. and Meadows, M. E.}
}
@article {760,
	title = {Source and contribution of terrigenous organic carbon to surface sediments in the Gulf of Mexico},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {389},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Xw772Times Cited:194Cited References Count:30},
	month = {Sep 18},
	pages = {275-278},
	abstract = {The sources and burial professes of organic matter in marine sediments are not well understood, yet they are important if we are to have a better understanding of the global carbon cycle(1). In particular, the nature and fraction of the terrestrial organic carbon preserved in marine sediments is poorly constrained. Here we use the chemical and stable carbon isotope signatures of oxidation products from a macromolecular component (lignin)(2) of the terrigenous organic matter preserved in offshore surface sediments in the Gulf of Mexico to complement similar data from an existing onshore transect(3) in this region. The complete onshore-offshore data set, along with radiocarbon dates of the bulk organic material at the same sites, allows the differentiation of material originating from plants that photosynthesize using the C-4 mechanism from those that undergo C-3 photosynthesis. We conclude that the offshore lignins derive from erosion of the extensive grassland (C-4) soils Of the Mississippi River drainage basin, and that the nearshore lignins originate largely from C-3 plant detritus from coastal forests and swamps, This distribution is probably due to the hydrodynamic sorting of the different source materials(4) during their seaward transport, These results suggest that previous studies(3,5) have significantly underestimated the terrigenous fraction of organic matter in offshore sediments by not recognizing the contribution of C-4 vegetation to the carbon-isotope composition. Such an underestimate may force revisions in the assessment of past marine primary productivity and associated organic carbon fluxes(6), and of organic matter preservation/remineralization(7) and nutrient cycling(8) in marine sediments.},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/38477},
	author = {Go{\~n}i, M. A. and Ruttenberg, K. C. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@conference {1555,
	title = {Altithermal of the Canadian Rockies; timing and internal structure; evidence from lake sediments},
	booktitle = {14th biennial meeting of the American Quaternary Association},
	volume = {14},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 1262},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {173},
	address = {Flagstaff, AZ},
	author = {Leonard, Eric and Resoner, Mel}
}
@article {841,
	title = {AMS radiocarbon analyses from Lake Baikal, Siberia: Challenges of dating sediments from a large, oligotrophic lake},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {15},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Vp609Times Cited:112Cited References Count:29},
	pages = {669-684},
	abstract = {A suite of 146 new accelerator-mass spectrometer (AMS) radiocarbon ages provides the first reliable chronology for late Quaternary sediments in Lake Baikal. In this large, highly oligotrophic lake, biogenic and authigenic carbonate are absent, and plant macrofossils are extremely rare. Total organic carbon is therefore the primary material available for dating. Several problems are associated with the TOC ages. One is the mixture of carbon sources in TOC, not all of which are syndepositional in age. This problem manifests itself in apparent ages for the sediment surface that are greater than zero. However, because most of the organic carbon in Lake Baikal sediments is algal (autochthonous) in origin, this effect is limited to about 1000+/-500 years, which can be corrected, at least for young deposits. The other major problem with dating Lake Baikal sediments is the very low carbon contents of glacial-age deposits, which makes them extremely susceptible to contamination with modern carbon. This problem can be minimized by careful sampling and handling procedures.The ages show almost an order of magnitude difference in sediment-accumulation rates among different sedimentary environments in Lake Baikal, from about 0.04 mm/year on isolated banks such as Academician Ridge, to nearly 0.3 mm/year in the turbidite depositional areas beneath the deep basin floors, such as the Central Basin. The new AMS ages clearly indicate that the dramatic increase in diatom productivity in the lake, as evidenced by increases in biogenic silica and organic carbon, began about 13 ka, in contrast to previous estimates of 7 ka for the age of this transition. Holocene net sedimentation rates may be less than, equal to, or greater than those in the late Pleistocene, depending on the site. This variability reflects the balance between variable terrigenous sedimentation and increased biogenic sedimentation during interglaciations. The ages reported here, and the temporal and spatial variation in sedimentation rates that they imply, provide opportunities for paleoenvironmental reconstructions at different time scales and resolutions. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/0277-3791(96)00027-3},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Jones, G. A. and Rubin, M. and King, J. W. and Peck, J. A. and Orem, W. H.}
}
@article {852,
	title = {Gas venting and late Quaternary sedimentation in the Persian (Arabian) Gulf},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {129},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Tv774Times Cited:49Cited References Count:82},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {237-269},
	abstract = {High resolution 3.5 kHz echo sounding profiles and piston cores were used to reconstruct the microtopography and late Quaternary depositional history of the Persian Gulf. Perversive throughout the seafloor of the Gulf is an extensive network of pockmarks formed by seepages of thermogenic gas. These gas seeps and bottom water exiting the Gulf via the Strait of Hormuz are the most significant processes controlling present-day sedimentation in the region. Erosion by these seeps has been so intense in the Baiban Shelf in the Strait of Hormuz as to create a {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}hoodoo{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} like terrain on the outer shelf. The surfical geology of the Gulf documents a short lived transgression 29,400 to 22,800 years ago during the Wisconsin regression which began 125,000 years ago, the Wisconsin regressive maxima when sea level dropped to -120/-130 m about 21,000/20,000 years ago and the climate was dry and eolian and paralic sedimentation characterized the Gulf, the Holocene transgression 18,000 to 12,000 years ago when the climate was more humid than during the climax of the Wisconsin regression, a dry phase 12,000 to 9000 years ago when the Persian Gulf was a site of eolian and carbonate deposition, and the present sediment cycle during the last 9000 years under a more humid regime. It was during the present cycle that southeast trending marl lobes were deposited off Iran, Arabia acquired its hyper-arid climate about 3000 years ago and the Gulf attained its present configuration about 1000 years ago as a result of the construction of the Tigris Euphrates Delta at its head and tectonism and aggradation along its Arabian and Iranian flanks.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(96)83347-0},
	author = {Uchupi, E. and Swift, S. A. and Ross, D. A.}
}
@article {2308,
	title = {Large-volume WOCE radiocarbon sampling in the Pacific Ocean},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {38},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Xd080Times Cited:12
Cited References Count:8
},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {519-561},
	abstract = {At the University of Miami Tritium Laboratory and the University of Washington Quaternary Isotope Laboratory, more than 1000 large-volume Pacific Ocean radiocarbon samples were measured for the WOCE program. Here we present a comprehensive data set, and a brief discussion of our findings.},
	keywords = {geosecs},
	isbn = {0033-8222},
	author = {Stuiver, M. and Ostlund, H. G. and Key, R. M. and Reimer, P. J.}
}
@article {795,
	title = {Radiocarbon measurements of atmospheric volatile organic compounds: Quantifying the biogenic contribution},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {30},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Uc413Times Cited:26Cited References Count:25},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {1098-1105},
	abstract = {The radiocarbon (C-14) abundance of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOC) gives a quantitative estimate of contributions from biomass and fossil-mass sources, important information for effective regulation of ozone precursors. We report here details of a methodology to perform such measurements and the first exploratory C-14 results on VOC fractions separated from two composited urban tropospheric air samples, collected during the summer (1992) in Atlanta, GA. The upper limit of the percentage of VOC originating from biomass sources during the morning and evening hours in Atlanta were 9 and 17\%, respectively, measurements reported at the 95\% confidence level. However, due to the level of the process blank and its uncertainty, in both cases the percentage can be as low as zero. The results of these experiments, designed to (i) evaluate the entire [C-14]VOC measurement process and (ii) obtain reliable estimates of biogenic contributions to atmospheric VOC, emphasize how important controls are throughout this multi-step chemical process to ensure quality data.},
	issn = {0013-936x},
	doi = {10.1021/es9501981},
	author = {Klouda, G. A. and Lewis, C. W. and Rasmussen, R. A. and Rhoderick, G. C. and Sams, R. L. and Stevens, R. K. and Currie, L. A. and Donahue, D. J. and Jull, A. J. T. and Seila, R. L.}
}
@article {2310,
	title = {Seasonal oxygen depletion in continental-shelf waters of Louisiana; historical record of benthic foraminifers},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {24},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 85},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {227-230},
	author = {Sen Gupta, B. K. and Turner, R. E. and Rabalais, N. N.}
}
@article {2312,
	title = {Surficial geology of the middle and upper continental slope, northern Gulf of Mexico; the important role of episodic fluid venting},
	journal = {AAPG Bulletin},
	volume = {80},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 1272},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {1511},
	author = {Roberts, H. H.}
}
@article {861,
	title = {Uranium-series disequilibrium, sedimentation, diatom frustules, and paleoclimate change in Lake Baikal},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {142},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Uz230Times Cited:61Cited References Count:29},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {29-42},
	abstract = {The large volume of water, approximately one-fifth of the total surface fresh water on the planet, contained in Lake Baikal in southeastern Siberia is distinguished by having a relatively high concentration of uranium (ca. 2 nM), and, together with the surface sediments, an unusually high U-234/U-238 alpha activity ratio of 1.95. About 80\% of the input of 234 uranium to the lake, with a U-234/U-238 ratio of 2.0, comes from the Selenga River, Profiles of uranium, as well as the extent of isotopic disequilibrium in a 9 m sediment core collected on Academic Ridge, generally show high values during interglacial periods corresponding to high diatom frustule numbers (DiFr) and biogenic silica (BSi) data that have been reported elsewhere. During glacial periods (low DiFr and BSi), uranium progeny (U-234 and Th-230) were in secular equilibrium with low concentrations of their parent U-238. Radionuclide distributions were interpreted in terms of a quantitative model allowing for adsorption of riverine inputs of uranium onto two classes of sedimenting particles with differing U-238/Th-232 ratios and uranium progeny in secular equilibrium. If the U-234/U-238 activity ratio of adsorbed uranium has remained constant, mean sedimentation rates can be independently estimated as 3.6 +/- 0.6 and 3.7 +/- 0.9 cm . kyr(-1) for the decay of U-234 and in-growth of Th-230, respectively. These rates are consistent with a mean rate of 3.76 cm . kyr(-1), calculated by optimization of the correspondence between adsorbed U-238 and delta(18)O in dated oceanic sediments, The adsorbed uranium apparently tracks variable river flow during interglacials and is drastically reduced during periods of glaciation. Evidently, uranium has not been significantly redistributed within Baikal sediments over at least the past 250 kyr and is a unique, biologically non-essential, tracer for climate-sensitive processes, which provide their own internal geochronometers, potentially useful for ages up to 1 Myr BP.},
	issn = {0012-821x},
	doi = {10.1016/0012-821x(96)00085-4},
	author = {Edgington, D. N. and Robbins, J. A. and Colman, S. M. and Orlandini, K. A. and Gustin, M. P.}
}
@article {2344,
	title = {The eastern chenier plain; an update on downrift coastal progradation associated with the building of a new Holocene delta lobe in the Mississippi delta complex},
	journal = {AAPG Bulletin},
	volume = {79},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 64},
	month = {1995},
	pages = {1566},
	author = {Roberts, Harry H. and Huh, O. K.}
}
@article {2346,
	title = {Geological framework, processes, and rates of subsidence in the Mississippi River delta plain},
	journal = {AAPG Bulletin},
	volume = {79},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 65},
	month = {1995},
	pages = {1565-1566},
	author = {Penland, P. Shea and Jeffress, Williams S. and Roberts, Harry H. and Bailey, Alan and Kuecher, Gerald J. and Suhayda, Joseph N. and Ramsey, Karen E.}
}
@article {953,
	title = {Mud volcanoes in the Gulf of Mexico; a mechanism for mixing sediments of different ages in slope environments},
	journal = {Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 63},
	pages = {351-359},
	abstract = {The extrusion of older, unconsolidated sediments onto the seafloor during the Quaternary is one explanation for frequent occurrences of displaced fossil microfaunas encountered at depth in wells drilled on the flanks of salt diapirs in the continental slope environment. Samples from mud volcanoes on the Louisiana continental slope were collected in 1992 and 1993 for foraminiferal studies by using the Johnson Sea-Link I \& II manned submersibles. Age dating by use of planktonic foraminifera has shown that sediments ranging in age from middle Miocene to Pleistocene are being deposited on the modern seafloor by active mud vents/volcanoes. These sediments, when buried by modern pelagic or more rapidly deposited terrigenous clastics, would be anomalous when encountered in coreholes or exploratory wells.

Vents, as shown by seismic sections, are associated with faults which provide the connection to older subsurface fine-grained sediments that are: 1) mobilized by gas and fluids, 2) carried to the surface, and 3) ejected onto the seafloor to form mud volcanoes and fine-grained sediment flows.

The mud volcanoes are in water depths ranging from 300 to 690 meters located in Garden Banks Block 382, Green Canyon Blocks 143 and 272, and Mississippi Canyon Block 929. This study is part of an ongoing investigation of the geology around cold vents which support chemosynthetic faunal communities in the Gulf of Mexico. These results have important implications for age dating subsurface sediments encountered in wells and coreholes on the continental slope.},
	url = {http://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/045/045001/0351.htm},
	author = {Kohl, Barry and Roberts, Harry H.}
}
@article {943,
	title = {Paleosol evidence of anthropogenic impact on late Holocene landscape instability around an Anasazi site in Kane County, Utah},
	journal = {Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 1271},
	pages = {416},
	author = {Kulp, T. R. and Rigsby, C. A.}
}
@article {867,
	title = {Radiocarbon Ages of Pre-Bomb Clams and the Hard-Water Effect in Lakes Michigan and Huron},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {14},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Rq668Times Cited:22Cited References Count:13},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {89-91},
	abstract = {Five radiocarbon ages, all determined by accelerator mass spectrometry, have been obtained for two pre-bomb bivalves from Lake Michigan and one from Lake Huron. After correcting those ages for the fractionation of C-14 in calcite and for the radioactively inert CO2 in the atmosphere, we find residual ages, caused by the hard water effect, of about 250 years for Lake Michigan and 440 years for Lake Huron.},
	issn = {0921-2728},
	doi = {10.1007/Bf00682596},
	author = {Rea, D. K. and Colman, S. M.}
}
@article {850,
	title = {Variability in the Benguela Current upwelling system over the past 70,000 years},
	journal = {Progress in Oceanography},
	volume = {35},
	year = {1995},
	note = {V07zbTimes Cited:100Cited References Count:147},
	pages = {207-251},
	abstract = {This study was designed to see if the intensity and location of upwelling in the Benguela Current Upwelling System off Namibia changed significantly during the last 70,000 years. Most of the analytical work focused on geochemical, micropalaeontological and stable isotopic analyses of a 6.5m long combined pilot and piston core, PGPC12, from 1017m on the continental slope close to Walvis Bay. The slope sediments are rich in organic matter. Most of it is thought to represent deposition beneath a productive shelf edge upwelling system, but some is supplied by downslope near-bottom flow of material probably resuspended on the outer continental shelf. Temporal changes in upwelling intensity as represented by fluctuations in the accumulation of organic matter do not show the simple {\textquoteright}classical{\textquoteright} pattern of less upwelling and lower productivity in interglacials and more upwelling and higher productivity in glacials, but instead show a pattern of higher frequency fluctuations. The broad changes in organic carbon accumulation reach maxima at times when the earth-sun distance was greatest, indicating that this accumulation responded to changes in the precession index; at these times monsoons would have been weakest and Trade Winds strongest. Maximum accumulation of organic matter on the slope occurred in the last interstadial (isotope stage 3), and coincided with coldest sea surface temperatures as recorded by alkenone data (U(37)(k)), and by nannofossil assemblages. It is attributed largely to increased productivity in situ, rather than the lateral supply of material eroded from older organic rich deposits exposed by the lowering of sealevel at that time. The enhanced productivity is attributed to a strengthening of upwelling-favourable winds in this area in response to the minimal solar insolation typical of this period. Diatoms generally are not abundant in these sediments, so appear to be unreliable indicators of productivity over the continental slope. When sealevel was lowest (isotope stages 2 and 4) organic matter previously deposited on the continental shelf was eroded and dumped on the continental slope; this reworked material constitutes up to 43\% of the flux of organic matter to the slope at these times. This process did not affect the slope in stage 3, when sealevel fell by only 50m. The accumulation of terrigenous material was highest in stages 2 and 4. The available data suggest that the terrigenous influx at those times was primarily aeolian. We interpret this to mean that more of the winds then came from the east ({\textquoteright}Berg{\textquoteright} winds), bringing an influx of aeolian dust from the hinterland; these easterlies were less favoarable for upwelling than were the more southerly Trade Winds that dominated during stage 3. Carbonate accumulation was least in stages 2 and 4, largely in response to dissolution induced by CO(2)-rich bottom waters.},
	issn = {0079-6611},
	doi = {10.1016/0079-6611(95)00008-5},
	author = {Summerhayes, C. P. and Kroon, D. and Rosell-Mele, A. and Jordan, R. W. and Schrader, H. J. and Hearn, R. and Villanueva, J. and Grimali, J. O. and Eglinton, G.}
}
@article {965,
	title = {Ventilation of the deep Pacific Ocean},
	journal = {Supplement to Trans. American Geophysic. Union},
	volume = {76},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 41},
	pages = {0S40},
	author = {Key, R. M. and Rooth, C. and Ostlund, G. and Stuiver, M.}
}
@article {1366,
	title = {Carbon and Radiocarbon in the Northeast Pacific: Implications for Abyssal Ventilation and Biogenic Input},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 911},
	month = {1994},
	author = {Key, R. M. and Rooth, C. G. A. and Feely, R.}
}
@article {2383,
	title = {Lake-Level History of Lake-Michigan for the Past 12,000 Years - the Record from Deep Lacustrine Sediments},
	journal = {Journal of Great Lakes Research},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Nl348Times Cited:47
Cited References Count:29
},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {73-92},
	abstract = {Collection and analysis of an extensive set of seismic-reflection profiles and cores from southern Lake Michigan have provided new data that document the history of the lake basin for the past 12,000 years. Analyses of the seismic data, together with radiocarbon dating, magnetic, sedimentologic, isotopic, and paleontologic studies of core samples, have allowed us to reconstruct lake-level changes during this recent part of the lake{\textquoteright}s history.The post-glacial history of lake-level changes in the Lake Michigan basin begins about 11.2 ka with the fall from the high Calumet level, caused by the retreat of the Two Rivers glacier, which had blocked the northern outlet of the lake. This lake-level fall was temporarily reversed by a major influx of water from glacial Lake Agassiz (about 10.6 ka), during which deposition of the distinctive gray Wilmette Bed of the Lake Michigan Formation interrupted deposition of red glaciolacustrine sediment. Lake level then continued to fall, culminating in the opening of the North Bay outlet at about 10.3 ka. During the resulting Chippewa low phase, lake level was about 80 m lower than it is today in the southern basin of Lake Michigan.
The rise of the early Holocene lake level, controlled primarily by isostatic rebound of the North Bay outlet, resulted in a prominent, planar, transgressive unconformity that eroded most of the shoreline features below present lake level. Superimposed on this overall rise in lake level, a second influx of water from Lake Agassiz temporarily raised lake levels an unknown amount about 9.1 ka. At about 7 ka, lake level may have fallen below the level of the outlet because of sharply drier climate. Sometime between 6 and 5 ka, the character of the lake changed dramatically, probably due mostly to climatic causes, becoming highly undersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate and returning primary control of lake level to the isostatically rising North Bay outlet. Post-Nipissing (about 5 ka) lake level has fallen about 6 m due to erosion of the Port Huron outlet, a trend around which occurred relatively small (+/- approximately 2 m), short-term fluctuations controlled mainly by climatic changes. These cyclic fluctuations are reflected in the sedimentological and sediment-magnetic properties of the sediments.
},
	keywords = {lake michigan, ostracodes, radiocarbon, sedimentology, sediments, southern},
	isbn = {0380-1330},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Forester, R. M. and Reynolds, R. L. and Sweetkind, D. S. and King, J. W. and Gangemi, P. and Jones, G. A. and Keigwin, L. D. and Foster, D. S.}
}
@article {2372,
	title = {Latest Quaternary Sedimentation in the Kerch Strait Area of the Black Sea Shelf: Response to Glacial Sea Level Fluctuation},
	journal = {EOS,Transactions,American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {75},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 914},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {204},
	author = {Major, C. O. and Ryan, W. B. F. and Pitman, W. C., III and Shimkus, K. M. and Jones, G. A. and O{\textquoteright}Connell, S.}
}
@article {2379,
	title = {The limnological and climate history of Lake Michigan from ostracode, stable-isotope, and magnetic susceptibility records},
	journal = {Journal of Great Lakes Research},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 1358},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {93-107},
	author = {Forester, R. M. and Colman, S. M. and Reynolds, R. L. and Jones, G. A. and Keigwin, L. D. and Foster, D. S.}
}
@article {2362,
	title = {Subsidence in the Mississippi River Delta - Important influences of valley filling by cyclic deposition, primary consolidation phenomena, and early diagenesis},
	journal = {Transactions of the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies},
	volume = {XLIV},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 1273},
	month = {1994},
	author = {Roberts, H. H. and Bailey, A. and Kuecher, G. J.}
}
@article {2406,
	title = {Carbon cycling in coastal sediments: 2. Estimating remineralization in Buzzards Bay, MA--A comment},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1991},
	note = {id: 1786},
	month = {1991},
	pages = {2989-2991},
	author = {Rowe, G. T. and McNichol, A. P.}
}
