@article {cluett_lake_2023,
	title = {Lake Dynamics Modulate the Air Temperature Variability Recorded by Sedimentary Aquatic Biomarkers: A Holocene Case Study From Western Greenland},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {128},
	number = {7},
	year = {2023},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2022JG007106},
	month = {07/2023},
	pages = {e2022JG007106},
	abstract = {Quantitative temperature reconstructions from lacustrine organic geochemical proxies including branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) and alkenones provide key constraints on past continental climates. However, estimation of air temperatures from proxies can be impacted by non-stationarity in the relationships between seasonal air and water temperatures, a factor not yet examined in strongly seasonal high-latitude settings. We pair downcore analyses of brGDGTs and alkenones measured on the same samples through the Holocene with forward-modeled proxy values based on thermodynamic lake model simulations for a western Greenland lake. The measured brGDGT distributions suggest that stable autochthonous (aquatic) production overpowers allochthonous inputs for most samples, justifying the use of the lake model to interpret temperature-driven changes. Conventional calibration of alkenones (detected only after 5.5 thousand years BP) suggests substantially larger temperature variations than conventional calibration of brGDGTs. Comparison of proxy measurements to forward-modeled values suggests variations in brGDGT distributions monotonically reflect multi-decadal summer air temperatures changes, although the length of the ice-free season dampens the influence of air temperatures on water temperatures. Drivers of alkenone variability remain less clear; potential influences include small changes in the seasonality of proxy production or biases toward specific years, both underlain by non-linearity in water-air temperature sensitivity during relevant seasonal windows. We demonstrate that implied temperature variability can differ substantially between proxies because of differences in air-water temperature sensitivity during windows of proxy synthesis without necessitating threshold behavior in the lake or local climate, and recommend that future studies incorporate lake modeling to constrain this uncertainty.},
	keywords = {Alkenone, Arctic, biogeochemical proxies, brGDGT, data-model comparison, proxy system modeling},
	issn = {2169-8961},
	doi = {10.1029/2022JG007106},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022JG007106},
	author = {Cluett, A. A. and Thomas, E. K. and McKay, N. P. and Cowling, O. C. and Casta{\~n}eda, I. S. and Morrill, C.}
}
@article {patrut_radiocarbon_2023,
	title = {Radiocarbon dating of the historic grand baobab of Mahajanga, Madagascar},
	journal = {Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Chemia},
	volume = {68},
	number = {1},
	year = {2023},
	month = {2023},
	pages = {119{\textendash}129},
	chapter = {119},
	abstract = {The article reports the AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon investigation of the historic Grand Baobab of Mahajanga. The largest African baobab of Madagascar exhibits a cluster structure, which consists of 6 fused ordinary stems and of 3 small binding stems. Two samples were collected from the largest stem and from a primary branch, out of which several tiny segments were extracted and dated by radiocarbon. The oldest dated sample segment had a radiocarbon date of 214 {\textpm} 17 BP, which corresponds to a calibrated age of 265 {\textpm} 25 calendar years. The dating results indicate that the Grand Baobab of Mahajanga is 275 {\textpm} 25 years old. },
	doi = {10.24193/subbchem.2023.1.09},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Patrut, Roxana T and Rakosy, Laszlo and RATIU, ILEANA ANDREEA and Danthu, Pascal and Leong Pock Tsy, Jean-Michel and von Reden, Karl F}
}
@article {sherman_styles_2023,
	title = {Styles and rates of mesophotic reef accretion on a Caribbean insular slope},
	journal = {Coral Reefs},
	year = {2023},
	month = {08/2023},
	abstract = {Structural framework is fundamental to the concept of a coral-algal reef. However, our current understanding of reef framework is based largely upon studies of relatively shallow systems that formed at water depths of less than 30~m. There is comparatively limited information on deeper, mesophotic reef frameworks. Short drill cores collected at depths of \textasciitilde 50~m on the steep insular slope of southwest Puerto Rico allow for documentation of the composition and accretion rates of mesophotic reef framework. Framework is dominated by platy agariciid corals (Agaricia spp.) and autochthonous micrite (automicrite) with calcareous algae, corallines and peyssonnelids, forming a secondary component. Conspicuously, well-lithified automicrite constitutes a major structural and volumetric component of the framework. It is composed of magnesian calcite and displays irregular clotted, peloidal and fenestral fabrics, consistent with in situ formation. Radiocarbon ages of corals and automicrite indicate that they have formed recently (< 4~ka) and coevally in their current setting over a period of relative environmental stability. The steep slope gradient and associated dynamic oceanographic conditions may allow for extensive automicrite formation. Mesophotic reef accretion is occurring on the steep slope, though at slow rates of \textasciitilde 0.3~m~ka-1.},
	keywords = {Autochthonous micrite (automicrite), Mesophotic coral ecosystem, Reef accretion, Reef framework},
	issn = {1432-0975},
	doi = {10.1007/s00338-023-02402-7},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-023-02402-7},
	author = {Sherman, Clark E. and Carlo, Milton and Tuohy, Evan and Adey, Walter H.}
}
@article {lu_surface_2023,
	title = {Surface climate signals transmitted rapidly to deep North Atlantic throughout last millennium},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {382},
	number = {6672},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science},
	month = {11/2023},
	pages = {834{\textendash}839},
	chapter = {834},
	abstract = {Instrumental observations of subsurface ocean warming imply that ocean heat uptake has slowed 20th-century surface warming. We present high-resolution records from subpolar North Atlantic sediments that are consistent with instrumental observations of surface and deep warming/freshening and in addition reconstruct the surface-deep relation of the last 1200 years. Sites from \textasciitilde1300 meters and deeper suggest an \textasciitilde0.5 degrees celsius cooling across the Medieval Climate Anomaly to Little Ice Age transition that began \textasciitilde1350 {\textpm} 50 common era (CE), whereas surface records suggest asynchronous cooling onset spanning \textasciitilde600 years. These data suggest that ocean circulation integrates surface variability that is transmitted rapidly to depth by the Atlantic Meridional Ocean Circulation, implying that the ocean moderated Earth{\textquoteright}s surface temperature throughout the last millennium as it does today.},
	doi = {10.1126/science.adf1646},
	url = {https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adf1646},
	author = {Lu, Wanyi and Oppo, Delia W. and Gebbie, Geoffrey and Thornalley, David J. R.}
}
@article {holt_tropical_2023,
	title = {A Tropical Cocktail of Organic Matter Sources: Variability in Supraglacial and Glacier Outflow Dissolved Organic Matter Composition and Age Across the Ecuadorian Andes},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {128},
	number = {5},
	year = {2023},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2022JG007188},
	month = {05/2023},
	pages = {e2022JG007188},
	abstract = {The biogeochemistry of rapidly retreating Andean glaciers is poorly understood, and Ecuadorian glacier dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition is unknown. This study examined molecular composition and carbon isotopes of DOM from supraglacial and outflow streams (n = 5 and 14, respectively) across five ice capped volcanoes in Ecuador. Compositional metrics were paired with streamwater isotope analyses (δ18O) to assess if outflow DOM composition was associated with regional precipitation gradients and thus an atmospheric origin of glacier DOM. Ecuadorian glacier outflows exported ancient, biolabile dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and DOM contained a high relative abundance (RA) of aliphatic and peptide-like compounds (>=27\%RA). Outflows were consistently more depleted in Δ14C-DOC (i.e., older) compared to supraglacial streams (mean -195.2 and -61.3{\textperthousand} respectively), perhaps due to integration of spatially heterogenous and variably aged DOM pools across the supraglacial environment, or incorporation of aged subglacial OM as runoff was routed to the outflow. Across Ecuador, Δ14C-DOC enrichment was associated with decreased aromaticity of DOM, due to increased contributions of organic matter (OM) from microbial processes or atmospheric deposition of recently fixed and subsequently degraded OM (e.g., biomass burning byproducts). There was a regional gradient between glacier outflow DOM composition and streamwater δ18O, suggesting covariation between regional precipitation gradients and the DOM exported from glacier outflows. Ultimately, this highlights that atmospheric deposition may exert a control on glacier outflow DOM composition, suggesting regional air circulation patterns and precipitation sources in part determine the origins and quality of OM exported from glacier environments.},
	keywords = {cryosphere, dissolved organic carbon, Dissolved organic matter, Ecuador, FT-ICR MS, glaciers, δ13C-DOC, Δ14C-DOC},
	issn = {2169-8961},
	doi = {10.1029/2022JG007188},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022JG007188},
	author = {Holt, Amy D. and Kellerman, Anne M. and Battin, Tom. I. and McKenna, Amy M. and Hood, Eran and Andino, Patricio and Crespo-P{\'e}rez, Ver{\'o}nica and Peter, Hannes and Sch{\"o}n, Martina and De Staercke, Vincent and Styllas, Michail and Tolosano, Matteo and Spencer, Robert G. M.}
}
@article {2956,
	title = {Black carbon and organic carbon dataset over the Third Pole},
	journal = {Earth System Science Data},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-01-2022},
	pages = {683 - 707},
	abstract = {Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings, also known as the Third Pole, play an important role in the global and regional climate and hydrological cycle. Carbonaceous aerosols (CAs), including black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC), can directly or indirectly absorb and scatter solar radiation and change the energy balance on the Earth. CAs, along with the other atmospheric pollutants (e.g., mercury), can be frequently transported over long distances into the inland Tibetan Plateau. During the last decades, a coordinated monitoring network and research program named {\textquotedblleft}Atmospheric Pollution and Cryospheric Changes{\textquotedblright} (APCC) has been gradually set up and continuously operated within the Third Pole regions to investigate the linkage between atmospheric pollutants and cryospheric changes. This paper presents a systematic dataset of BC, OC, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) from aerosols (20 stations), glaciers (17 glaciers, including samples from surface snow and ice, snow pits, and 2 ice cores), snow cover (2 stations continuously observed and 138 locations surveyed once), precipitation (6 stations), and lake sediment cores (7 lakes) collected across the Third Pole, based on the APCC program. These data were created based on online (in situ) and laboratory measurements. High-resolution (daily scale) atmospheric-equivalent BC concentrations were obtained by using an Aethalometer (AE-33) in the Mt. Everest (Qomolangma) region, which can provide new insight into the mechanism of BC transportation over the Himalayas. Spatial distributions of BC, OC, WSOC, and WIOC from aerosols, glaciers, snow cover, and precipitation indicated different features among the different regions of the Third Pole, which were mostly influenced by emission sources, transport pathways, and deposition processes. Historical records of BC from ice cores and lake sediment cores revealed the strength of the impacts of human activity since the Industrial Revolution. BC isotopes from glaciers and aerosols identified the relative contributions of biomass and fossil fuel combustion to BC deposition on the Third Pole. Mass absorption cross sections of BC and WSOC from aerosol, glaciers, snow cover, and precipitation samples were also provided. This updated dataset is released to the scientific communities focusing on atmospheric science, cryospheric science, hydrology, climatology, and environmental science. The related datasets are presented in the form of excel files. BC and OC datasets over the Third Pole are available to download from the National Cryosphere Desert Data Center (https://doi.org/10.12072/ncdc.NIEER.db0114.2021; Kang and Zhang, 2021).},
	doi = {10.5194/essd-14-683-2022},
	url = {https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/14/683/2022/},
	author = {Kang, Shichang and Zhang, Yulan and Chen, Pengfei and Guo, Junming and Zhang, Qianggong and Cong, Zhiyuan and Kaspari, Susan and Tripathee, Lekhendra and Gao, Tanguang and Niu, Hewen and Zhong, Xinyue and Chen, Xintong and Hu, Zhaofu and Li, Xiaofei and Li, Yang and Neupane, Bigyan and Yan, Fangping and Rupakheti, Dipesh and Gul, Chaman and Zhang, Wei and Wu, Guangming and Yang, Ling and Wang, Zhaoqing and Li, Chaoliu}
}
@article {2997,
	title = {Characterization of the partial oxidation products of crude oil contaminating groundwater at the U.S. Geological Survey Bemidji research site in Minnesota by elemental analysis, radiocarbon dating, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Fourier tran},
	number = {2022-1042},
	year = {2022},
	note = {<div data-schema-version="8"><p>doi: 10.3133/ofr20221042</p></div>
},
	month = {06/2022},
	institution = {U.S. Geological Survey },
	address = {Reston VA},
	abstract = {In oil spill research, a topic of increasing attention during the last decade has been the environmental impact of the partial oxidation products that result from transformation of the petroleum in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. This report describes the isolation and characterization of the partial oxidation products from crude oil contaminating groundwater at the long-term U.S. Geological Survey Bemidji research site in Minnesota. As the result of a pipeline burst in August 1979, a body of light aliphatic crude oil is present from the land surface to 2 meters below the water table in a shallow sand and gravel aquifer in a remote area outside Bemidji, Minnesota, United States. Biodegradation has resulted in the formation of a plume of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) downgradient from the oil body. Groundwater has also been contaminated in an area known as the spray zone, from vertical infiltration of DOC resulting from biodegradation of oil in the soil column, and possibly from photooxidation of oil at the soil surface. The majority of DOC in the contaminated groundwater is in the form of nonvolatile organic acids (NVOAs) which represent the partial oxidation products of the crude oil constituents. The NVOAs have been classified into three fractions according to their isolation on XAD resins: hydrophobic neutrals (HPON), hydrophobic acids (HPOA), and hydrophilic acids (HPIA). These fractions of NVOAs were isolated from wells downgradient from the oil body (sampling well numbers 533, 532, 530, 515), in the spray zone (603), and from an uncontaminated well upgradient of the oil body (310) between the years 1986 and 1989, and again from wells 530 and 603 in 1998. The samples have been characterized by elemental analysis, radiocarbon dating, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR), and negative-mode (-) electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FTICR-MS), with a particular focus on fractions from wells 310, 530, and 603.

All the characterization data indicate that the NVOAs from contaminated wells are distinguishable from the background DOC. Carbon-14 (14C) ages of NVOAs from contaminated wells ranged from 3,615 to 18,985 years before the present, whereas the background DOC from the aquifer was post-bomb (post 1950). By elemental analysis, NVOAs from contaminated wells had higher sulfur but lower nitrogen contents than the background. By electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, number average molecular weights determined from assigned molecular formulas ranged from 416 to 486 daltons for the HPOA and HPIA fractions from both background and contaminant wells. NVOAs from contaminated wells had significantly greater numbers of assigned molecular formulas containing sulfur, with elevated concentrations of the S1O4-10 species in particular. Compared to the background, HPOA and HPIA fractions from contaminant wells had a broader range of double bond equivalents (DBEs) within On compound classes (n is number of atoms). Additionally, within On compound classes, contaminant well HPOA fractions had a greater abundance of lower n (less than eight) than the background. Contaminant well double bond equivalents versus carbon number (C$\#$) plots of oxygen compound classes suggest oil-derived aliphatic compounds in the range from C12 to C22 in HPOA and HPIA fractions and oil-derived compounds containing aromatic or saturated rings in the approximate range from C20 to C30 are present in HPOA fractions.

The data suggest the NVOAs originate from biodegradation of several classes of C12 and greater crude oil constituents: sulfur-containing constituents, including possibly the resins and asphaltenes; constituents containing aromatic rings substituted with methyl groups, including alkylaromatic and naph-
thenoaromatic compounds, and C12 to C22 alkyl constituents. The overall similarities of the carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra for the well 603 and 530 samples from the two sampling dates suggest that a steady state in the composition of the partial oxidation products in each of the two wells had been reached between 1986{\textendash}1989 and 1998.},
	isbn = {2022-1042},
	doi = {10.3133/ofr20221042},
	url = {http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221042},
	author = {Thorn, Kevin A. and Islam, Ananna and Kim, Sunghwan}
}
@article {2954,
	title = {Glacial isostatic adjustment near the center of the former Patagonian Ice Sheet (48{\textdegree}S) during the last 16.5 kyr},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {277},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-02-2022},
	pages = {107346},
	abstract = {Our understanding of glacial isostatic rebound across Patagonia is highly limited, despite its importance to constrain past ice volume estimates and better comprehend relative sea-level variations. With this in mind, our research objective is to reconstruct the magnitude and rate of Late Glacial and Holocene glacial isostatic adjustment near the center of the former Patagonian Ice Sheet. We focus on Larenas Bay (48{\textdegree}S; 1.26 km2), which is connected to Baker Channel through a shallow (7.4 m) and narrow (ca. 150 m across) inlet, and hence has the potential to record periods of basin isolation and marine ingression. The paleoenvironmental evolution of the bay was investigated through a sedimentological analysis of a 9.2 m long radiocarbon-dated sediment core covering the last 16.8 kyr. Salinity indicators, including diatom paleoecology, alkenone concentrations and CaCO3 content, were used to reconstruct the bay{\textquoteright}s connectivity to the fjord. Results indicate that Larenas Bay was a marine environment before 16.5 cal kyr BP and after 9.1 cal kyr BP, but that it was disconnected from Baker Channel in-between. We infer that the postglacial rebound started before 16.5 cal kyr BP and that it outpaced global sea-level rise until slightly before 9.1 cal kyr BP. During the Late Glacial and early Holocene, the center of the former Patagonian Ice Sheet experienced an absolute uplift of ca. 96 m, at an average rate of 1.3 cm/yr. During the remainder of the Holocene, glacial isostatic adjustment continued (ca. 20 m), but at a slower average pace of 0.2 cm/yr. Comparisons between multi-millennial variations in the salinity indicators and existing records of global sea-level rise suggest that the glacial isostatic adjustment rate also fluctuated within these time intervals, likely in response to glacier dynamics. More specifically, most of the glacial isostatic adjustment registered between 16.5 {\textendash} 9.1 cal kyr BP seems to have occurred before meltwater pulse 1A (14.5 {\textendash} 14.0 kyr BP). Likewise, it appears that the highest glacial isostatic rebound rates of the last 9.1 kyr occurred during the late Holocene, most likely in response to glacier recession from their Neoglacial maxima. This implies a relatively rapid response of the local solid earth to ice unloading, which agrees with independent modelling studies investigating contemporary uplift. We conclude that the center of the former Patagonian Ice Sheet experienced a glacial isostatic adjustment of ca. 116 m over the last 16.5 kyr, and that >80\% occurred during the Late Glacial and early Holocene.},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107346},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379121005539},
	author = {Troch, Matthias and Bertrand, S{\'e}bastien and Lange, Carina B. and C{\'a}rdenas, Paola and Arz, Helge and Pantoja-Guti{\'e}rrez, Silvio and De Pol-Holz, Ricardo and Kilian, Rolf}
}
@article {thatcher_iberian_2022,
	title = {Iberian hydroclimate variability and the Azores High during the last 1200 years: evidence from proxy records and climate model simulations},
	journal = {Climate Dynamics},
	year = {2022},
	month = {08/2022},
	pages = {1{\textendash}23},
	abstract = {The state of the atmospheric circulation and the associated hydroclimate in the North Atlantic during the last millennium remain the subject of considerable debate in both proxy- and model-based studies. Of particular interest in the Iberian region is the Azores High (AH) system, the southern node of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), an atmospheric dipole closely tied to regional hydroclimate. Hydroclimate-sensitive proxy reconstructions from this region offer some insights into atmospheric dynamics, but large spatiotemporal gaps in these data inhibit a robust evaluation of hydroclimate variability. In this study, we present a continuous, sub-decadally-resolved composite stalagmite carbon isotopic record from three partially overlapping stalagmites from Buraca Gloriosa (BG) cave, western Portugal, situated within the center of the AH, that preserves evidence of regional hydroclimate variability from approximately 800 CE to the present. Chronologies are derived from U/Th dating and annual laminae. Stalagmite carbon isotopic values primarily reflect the amount of effective moisture and reveal generally dry conditions during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA; 850{\textendash}1250 CE) and Modern Climate/Industrial Era (1850 CE-present), and wetter conditions during the Little Ice Age (LIA; 1400{\textendash}1850 CE). Multidecadal to centennial variability in the BG record and state-of-the-art last millennium climate model simulations show considerable coherence with precipitation-sensitive records from Spain and Morocco that, like BG, are strongly influenced by the intensity, size, and location of the AH. Model-proxy synthesis suggests that western Portugal was persistently dry during much of the MCA consistent with other NAO reconstructions; however, even considering age uncertainties, the apparent timing in the transition from a relatively dry MCA to a wetter LIA is spatially variable and confirms the non-stationary behavior of the AH system indicated by model output.},
	keywords = {Azores High, Hydroclimate, last millennium, Last Millennium Ensemble, Paleoclimate, Stalagmite},
	doi = {10.1007/s00382-022-06427-6},
	url = {https://app.dimensions.ai/details/publication/pub.1150271437},
	author = {Thatcher, Diana L. and Wanamaker, A. D. and Denniston, R. F. and Ummenhofer, C. C. and Asmerom, Y. and Polyak, V. J. and Cresswell-Clay, N. and Hasiuk, F. and Haws, J. and Gillikin, D. P.}
}
@article {2963,
	title = {Indian monsoon variability during the past \~{}8.5~cal~kyr as recorded in the sediments of the northeastern Arabian Sea},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-04-2022},
	abstract = {We analyzed benthic and planktic foraminifera, total organic carbon and stable isotopes ratios of carbon and oxygen from 100 samples of marine sediment Core ABP, 25/03, off Gujarat in the northeastern Arabian Sea. Factor and cluster analyses of thirty highest-ranked benthic foraminifer species enabled to identify seven biofacies in the study sequence characterizing major changes in deep-sea environments during the past \~{}8.5 cal kyr. The benthic foraminiferal data has been combined with population abundances of upwelling indicator planktic foraminifer Globigerina bulloides and mixed layer species from Core ABP, 25/03 and compared with that from ODP Hole 723A and Core ABP, 25/02, western and eastern Arabian Sea, respectively. A major change in benthic foraminifera occurs during \~{}8.5 to 6 cal kyr BP, when the summer monsoon was stronger whereas during 6 to 2 cal kyr BP, the data suggest a weak summer monsoon. Planktic foraminifer Globigerina bulloides does not show any significant trend in the study core, but deep thermocline species Neogloboquadrina dutertrei and mixed layer species show significant trend with an inverse correlation with the TOC. This core records high TOC from \~{}6.5 to 4 cal kyr BP and during the last 2 cal kyr and low TOC during \~{}8.5 to 6.5 cal kyr BP and 4 to 2 cal kyr BP. It is interesting to note intervals of high mixed layer species coincide with high Neogloboquadrina dutertrei percentages and low TOC values at Core ABP, 25/03 during 8.5 to 6.5 cal kyr BP.The faunal data is supported by carbon and oxygen isotope ratios (δ13C and δ18O) of shells of benthic foraminifer Cibicides spp. to strengthen our understanding of changes in the eastern Arabian Sea since \~{}8.5 cal kyr BP.},
	issn = {10406182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2022.03.016},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S104061822200115X},
	author = {Ravichandran, M. and Gupta, Anil K. and Mohan, K. and Tiwari, Sameer K. and Lakshumanan, C. and Panigrahi, M.K.}
}
@article {2973,
	title = {Late Holocene centennial to millennial-scale variability in lower trophic level productivity off southern Hokkaido, Japan, and its response to dissolved iron-replete Coastal Oyashio dynamics},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2022},
	month = {02/2022},
	pages = {27 - 42},
	abstract = {Little is known about the dynamics of marine food chains spanning primary to higher trophic levels on centennial and longer timescales, especially where the supply of dissolved iron limits primary productivity. To elucidate the long-term dynamics of biological productivity in the Coastal Oyashio (CO), which is a major pathway for transporting dissolved iron into the western North Pacific from winter to spring, we reconstructed the lower trophic level productivity over the last 3000 years in the CO. Our results demonstrate that the concentrations and mass accumulation rates of both Chl- a (chlorophyll a and its derivatives) and biogenic opal used as proxies of primary productivity, and steryl chlorin esters (SCEs) used as that of zooplankton productivity, show a millennial-scale increasing trend and centennial-scale variability beginning ca. AD 400. SCEs were positively correlated with Chl- a , indicating that changes in zooplankton productivity were induced by bottom-up control of primary productivity. The Chl- a and SCEs showed synchronous centennial-scale patterns with a relative abundance of sea-ice-associated diatom species transported by CO, and with a ventilation index in the Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water. This synchronous pattern indicates that lower trophic-level productivity during the spring bloom responded to the intensity of iron-replete CO.},
	doi = {10.1017/qua.2021.71},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/quaternary-research/article/late-holocene-centennial-to-millennialscale-variability-in-lower-trophic-level-productivity-off-southern-hokkaido-japan-and-its-response-to-dissolved-ironreplete-coastal-oyashio-dynamics/},
	author = {Kuwae, Michinobu and Tsugeki, Narumi and Finney, Bruce P. and Tani, Yukinori and Onodera, Jonaotaro and Kiyoto, Mako and Kusaka, Mitsukuni and Sagawa, Takuya and Nakamura, Yugo and Ohnishi, Hiroji and Kuroda, Hiroshi and Okuda, Noboru and Ohta, Tamihisa and Ikehara, Minoru and Irino, Tomohisa}
}
@booklet {khan_mangrove_2022,
	title = {Mangrove Peat Radiocarbon Ages From Snipe and Swan Key, FL},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Medium: csv,xlsx Type: dataset},
	publisher = {U.S. Geological Survey},
	abstract = {In 2016, researchers collected cores of mangrove peat from two islands in the Florida Keys: Snipe Key (24.679\&amp;amp;deg;N, 81.653\&amp;amp;deg;W) and Swan Key (25.349N, 80.251W) (Fig. 1). This data release contains the radiocarbon ages and associated data for peat samples analyzed throughout the two cores. These data were used by Khan and others (in preparation) to reconstruct the millennial-scale sea level variability of the two locations.},
	keywords = {core analysis, push coring, Radiometric Dating},
	doi = {10.5066/P9OOL3L4},
	url = {https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9OOL3L4/},
	author = {Khan, Nicole S and Toth, Lauren T and Moyer, Ryan P and Shaw, Jaimie E and Capar, Paulina and Kemp, Andrew C and Engelhart, Simon E and Horton, Benjamin P}
}
@article {2951,
	title = {Not all permafrost microbiomes are created equal: Influence of permafrost thaw on the soil microbiome in a laboratory incubation study},
	journal = {Soil Biology and Biochemistry},
	volume = {167},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-04-2022},
	pages = {108605},
	abstract = {Permafrost is thawing at unprecedented rates, significantly altering landscapes and ecosystem trajectories by changing subsurface conditions, vegetation characteristics, and soil properties. Dormant microbes become active as temperatures rise and permafrost soils warm and thaw. To determine the effects of sample location and warming on the permafrost microbiome, we collected permafrost from five distinct locations within the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory{\textquoteright}s Permafrost Tunnel (PT) near Fairbanks, Alaska and warmed them in a laboratory incubation study. Heterotrophic respiration was continuously monitored and metagenomes were analyzed at select incubation temperatures. Under frozen conditions, microbial respiration rates from different PT locations were similar, ranging from 2 to 12 mg C{\textendash}CO2 kg-1 d-1. During thaw, respiration increased in samples from three PT locations, but remained stable for two locations. Analysis of the shotgun metagenomes showed how the microbial communities and their potential function changed as a function of location and incubation temperature. This indicates a differential response of permafrost microbes based on their origin. These findings have important implications for developing accurate forecasts of microbial community assemblages during thaw in that location should be considered as a strong influencing factor.},
	issn = {00380717},
	doi = {10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108605},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038071722000621},
	author = {Barbato, R.A. and Jones, R.M. and Douglas, T.A. and Doherty, S.J. and Messan, K. and Foley, K.L. and Perkins, E.J. and Thurston, A.K. and Garcia-Reyero, N.}
}
@article {2958,
	title = {Oceanographic and climatic influences on Trooz Glacier, Antarctica during the Holocene},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {276},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-01-2022},
	pages = {107279},
	abstract = {To evaluate the significance of recent widespread glacial recession in the Antarctic Peninsula, it is imperative to extend the limited instrumented record of glacier change with long sedimentary archives of the Holocene. Reconstructing glacial histories that capture the variability of environments in the Antarctic Peninsula will enable better constraint of ocean and climate forcings on regional glacial stability. Two sediment cores are analyzed from the 2007 RV/IB N.B. Palmer cruise to Collins Bay, the embayment immediately offshore Trooz Glacier on the Graham Land coast, and provide an archive to test controls on long-term stability of outlet glaciers in an open bay setting. Radiocarbon and Lead-210 (a short-lived radioisotope) age-depth models provide a timeline for Trooz Glacier behavior and associated oceanographic changes over the last 10,000 years. Magnetic susceptibility, grain size, diatom assemblage, total organic carbon, nitrogen, and stable isotopes of organic carbon are utilized as proxies for changing glacial and ocean conditions. Outer Collins Bay deglaciated by \~{}10000 cal yr B.P. Diatom abundance and organic content signal productivity increase during further glacial recession from \~{}8900 to 6100 cal yr B.P., which coincided with upwelling of relatively warm Circumpolar Deep Water into the bay. High productivity, characterized by Thalassiosira antarctica-dominated diatom assemblages with prominence of Fragilariopsis kerguelensis, indicate open marine conditions with incursion of offshore currents into the bay from \~{}6100 to 760 cal yr B.P. A sharp decrease in organic content, diatom abundance, and grain size indicate more sea ice and ice-tongue/ice-canopy advance from \~{}760 to 240 cal yr B.P., when the floating ice canopy in outer Collins Bay retreated to near its present-day position and productivity increased. During the period of the 1950{\textquoteright}s to 1990{\textquoteright}s, Trooz Glacier was one of only two Antarctic Peninsula glaciers that advanced slightly. Over the Holocene, oceanographic forcing dominated the long-term stability of Trooz Glacier due to its open aspect, and it is unknown how Trooz Glacier will respond to continued influence of Circumpolar Deep Water in the future. Understanding ocean forcings on glacial stability, together with other local controls like drainage basin configuration and bay geometry, should help contextualize the modern retreat and improve prediction of glacial response to prevalent Circumpolar Deep Water circulation in this dynamic region.},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107279},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379121004868},
	author = {Totten, Rebecca L. and Fonseca, Adlai Nathanael Reuel and Wellner, Julia Smith and Munoz, Yuribia P. and Anderson, John B. and Tobin, Thomas S. and Lehrmann, Asmara A.}
}
@article {khan_relative_2022,
	title = {Relative sea-level change in South Florida during the past ~5000~years},
	journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
	volume = {216},
	year = {2022},
	month = {09/2022},
	pages = {103902},
	abstract = {A paucity of detailed relative sea-level (RSL) reconstructions from low latitudes hinders efforts to understand the global, regional, and local processes that cause RSL change. We reconstruct RSL change during the past ~5~ka using cores of mangrove peat at two sites (Snipe Key and Swan Key) in the Florida Keys. Remote sensing and field surveys established the relationship between peat-forming mangroves and tidal elevation in South Florida. Core chronologies are developed from age-depth models applied to 72 radiocarbon dates (39 mangrove wood macrofossils and 33 fine-fraction bulk peat). RSL rose 3.7~m at Snipe Key and 5.0~m at Swan Key in the past 5~ka, with both sites recording the fastest century-scale rate of RSL rise since ~1900~CE (~2.1~mm/a). We demonstrate that it is feasible to produce near-continuous reconstructions of RSL from mangrove peat in regions with a microtidal regime and accommodation space created by millennial-scale RSL rise. Decomposition of RSL trends from a network of reconstructions across South Florida using a spatio-temporal model suggests that Snipe Key was representative of regional RSL trends, but Swan Key was influenced by an additional local-scale process acting over at least the past five millennia. Geotechnical analysis of modern and buried mangrove peat indicates that sediment compaction is not the local-scale process responsible for the exaggerated RSL rise at Swan Key. The substantial difference in RSL between two nearby sites highlights the critical need for within-region replication of RSL reconstructions to avoid misattribution of sea-level trends, which could also have implications for geophysical modeling studies using RSL data for model tuning and validation.},
	keywords = {Holocene, mangrove, Proxy reconstruction, Reproducibility, sea level},
	issn = {0921-8181},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103902},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921818122001692},
	author = {Khan, Nicole S. and Ashe, Erica and Moyer, Ryan P. and Kemp, Andrew C. and Engelhart, Simon E. and Brain, Matthew J. and Toth, Lauren T. and Chappel, Amanda and Christie, Margaret and Kopp, Robert E. and Horton, Benjamin P.}
}
@article {johnson_review_2022,
	title = {Review article: Existing and potential evidence for Holocene grounding line retreat and readvance in Antarctica},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {16},
	number = {5},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Publisher: Copernicus GmbH},
	month = {05/2022},
	pages = {1543{\textendash}1562},
	abstract = {Widespread existing geological records from above the modern ice sheet surface and outboard of the current ice margin show that the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) was much more extensive at the Last Glacial Maximum (\~{}20 ka) than at present. However, whether it was ever smaller than present during the last few millennia, and (if so) by how much, is known only for a few locations because direct evidence lies within or beneath the ice sheet, which is challenging to access. Here, we describe how retreat and readvance (henceforth {\textquotedblleft}readvance{\textquotedblright}) of AIS grounding lines during the Holocene could be detected and quantified using subglacial bedrock, subglacial sediments, marine sediment cores, relative sea-level (RSL) records, geodetic observations, radar data, and ice cores. Of these, only subglacial bedrock and subglacial sediments can provide direct evidence for readvance. Marine archives are of limited utility because readvance commonly covers evidence of earlier retreat. Nevertheless, stratigraphic transitions documenting change in environment may provide support for direct evidence from subglacial records, as can the presence of transgressions in RSL records, and isostatic subsidence. With independent age control, ice structure revealed by radar can be used to infer past changes in ice flow and geometry, and therefore potential readvance. Since ice cores capture changes in surface mass balance, elevation, and atmospheric and oceanic circulation that are known to drive grounding line migration, they also have potential for identifying readvance. A multidisciplinary approach is likely to provide the strongest evidence for or against a smaller-than-present AIS in the Holocene.},
	issn = {1994-0416},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-16-1543-2022},
	url = {https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/1543/2022/},
	author = {Johnson, Joanne S. and Venturelli, Ryan A. and Balco, Greg and Allen, Claire S. and Braddock, Scott and Campbell, Seth and Goehring, Brent M. and Hall, Brenda L. and Neff, Peter D. and Nichols, Keir A. and Rood, Dylan H. and Thomas, Elizabeth R. and Woodward, John}
}
@article {2977,
	title = {Subsurface Microbial Community Composition in Anchialine Environments Is Influenced by Original Organic Carbon Source at Time of Deposition},
	journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2022},
	month = {04/2022},
	pages = {1-13},
	abstract = {Prokaryotes constitute the majority of sedimentary biomass, where they cycle organic carbon and regulate organic matter transformation. The microbes inhabiting sediment are diverse and the factors controlling microbial community composition are not fully understood. Here, we characterized the prokaryotic community using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 24 stratigraphic layers within a 89 cm (dated to 1900 years old) sediment core from an anchialine sinkhole in the Bahamas with a stratified water column and anoxic bottom water. The microbial community was dominated by members of the Alphaproteobacteria, Dehalococcoidia, Gammaproteobacteria, Bathyarchaeota, and Campylobacter classes. Most interestingly, subsurface microbial community structure could be correlated to previous evidence for timewise changes in the main source of organic matter that was supplied to the sediment accumulating during the last 2000 years, which itself was caused by regional terrestrial vegetation changes. The C:N ratio was correlated to the relative abundance of the microbial classes, and the microbial communities followed three previously determined time periods based on the source of organic matter, which suggests that the carbon source at time of deposition influences the resultant subsurface microbial community composition. These results show that carbon source is a driver of the microbial community composition inhabiting anoxic sediment, which could have implications for improving understanding of carbon cycling in coastal sedimentary basins.},
	doi = {10.3389/fmars.2022.872789},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.872789/full},
	author = {Risley, Catherine A. and Tamalavage, Anne E. and van Hengstum, Peter J. and Labonte, Jessica M.}
}
@article {thompson_use_2022,
	title = {Use of δ18Oatm in dating a Tibetan ice core record of Holocene/Late Glacial climate},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {119},
	number = {45},
	year = {2022},
	note = {Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	month = {11/2022},
	pages = {e2205545119},
	abstract = {Ice cores from the northwestern Tibetan Plateau (NWTP) contain long records of regional climate variability, but refrozen meltwater and dust in these cores has hampered development of robust timescales. Here, we introduce an approach to dating the ice via the isotopic composition of atmospheric O2 in air bubbles (δ18Oatm), along with annual layer counting and radiocarbon dating. We provide a robust chronology for water isotope records (δ18Oice and d-excess) from three ice cores from the Guliya ice cap in the NWTP. The measurement of δ18Oatm, although common in polar ice core timescales, has rarely been used on ice cores from low-latitude, high-altitude glaciers due to (1) low air pressure, (2) the common presence of refrozen melt that adds dissolved gases and reduces the amount of air available for analysis, and (3) the respiratory consumption of molecular oxygen (O2) by micro-organisms in the ice, which fractionates the δ18O of O2 from the atmospheric value. Here, we make corrections for melt and respiration to address these complications. The resulting records of water isotopes from the Guliya ice cores reveal climatic variations over the last 15,000 y, the timings of which correspond to those observed in independently dated lake and speleothem records and confirm that the Guliya ice cap existed before the Holocene. The millennial-scale drivers of δ18Oice are complex and temporally variable; however, Guliya δ18Oice values since the mid-20th century are the highest since the beginning of the Holocene and have increased with regional air temperature.},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.2205545119},
	url = {https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2205545119},
	author = {Thompson, Lonnie G. and Severinghaus, Jeffrey P. and Yao, Tandong and Davis, Mary E. and Mosley-Thompson, Ellen and Beaudon, Emilie and Sierra-Hern{\'a}ndez, M. Roxana and Porter, Stacy E.}
}
@article {2991,
	title = {Hydrogeologic framework, geochemistry, groundwater-flow system, and aquifer hydraulic properties used in the development of a conceptual model of the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity (High Plains), and Dockum aquifers in and near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counti},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {85},
	institution = {U.S. Geological Survey},
	address = {Reston, VA},
	abstract = {In 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Llano Estacado Underground Water Conservation District, Sandy Land Underground Water Conservation District, and South Plains Underground Water Conservation District (hereinafter referred to collectively as the {\textquotedblleft}UWCDs{\textquotedblright}), began a multiphase study in and near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas, to develop a regional conceptual model of the hydrogeologic framework, geochemistry, groundwater-flow system, and hydraulic properties, primarily for the High Plains and Edwards-Trinity aquifer system and to a lesser degree for the Dockum aquifer. The High Plains aquifer system (hereinafter referred to as the {\textquotedblleft}Ogallala aquifer{\textquotedblright}), contained within the Ogallala Formation in Texas, is the shallowest aquifer in the study area and is the primary source of water for agriculture and municipal supply in the areas managed by the UWCDs. Groundwater withdrawals from deeper aquifers (primarily the Edwards-Trinity [High Plains] aquifer system that is hereinafter referred to as the {\textquotedblleft}Edwards-Trinity [High Plains] aquifer{\textquotedblright}) augmented by lesser amounts from the Dockum aquifer provide additional water sources in the study area. The Edwards-Trinity (High Plains) aquifer is contained within the Trinity and Fredericksburg Groups. The Dockum aquifer, a relatively minor source of water in the study area, is contained in the Dockum Group, which was evaluated as a single unit. The potential for continual declines of the groundwater in the Ogallala aquifer in the study area and the potential changes in water quality resulting from dewatering and increased vertical groundwater movement between adjacent water-bearing units have raised concerns about the amount and quality of available groundwater.

The developed conceptual model helped in the understanding of the quantity and quality of the groundwater within the Ogallala, the Edwards-Trinity (High Plains), and to a lesser extent, the Dockum aquifers within the study area. The hydrogeologic framework was used to assess the vertical and lateral extents of hydrogeologic units, bed orientations, unit thicknesses, and location and orientation of paleochannels. In general, the Trinity and Fredericksburg Groups and Ogallala Formation exhibit a slight regional dip (dip angle of about 0.14 degrees) to the southeast with dip directions becoming more to the south with each successively overlying unit (105, 110, and 125 degrees for the bases of the Trinity and Fredericksburg Groups and Ogallala Formation, respectively). In general, the Trinity and Fredericksburg Groups thin to the south and are not present in the southern part of Gaines County, whereas the Ogallala Formation becomes thinner from west to east. The combined thickness of the Trinity and Fredericksburg Groups and Ogallala Formation is generally greatest in the north-central part of the study area and thinnest in the southeastern part of the study area. Paleochannel orientation varied over geologic time as formations were deposited and eroded.

Water-quality samples were collected from 51 wells throughout the study area to better understand general water quality and to provide insight into groundwater-flow paths and recharge areas. Groundwater samples were spatially grouped on the basis of similarities found in the physicochemical properties, major ions, trace elements, nutrients, organic compounds, and selected stable isotopes and age tracers. Three groundwater groups were identified in the study area. The first groundwater group (Group 1), represented mostly by groundwater from the Ogallala and Edwards-Trinity (High Plains) aquifers in the northern half of the study area, is considered to be recent recharge, affected by land-use activities, as explained by the younger age, higher concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite, and more frequent detections of organic compounds. Groundwater wells in the second groundwater group (Group 2) are typically in the southwestern and northwestern parts of the study area, and the groundwater in this group is considered to be groundwater recharged during the Pleistocene period, as explained by the relatively old age of the groundwater, high strontium stable isotope ratios, and hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios. The last groundwater group (Group 3) is likely a mixture of groundwater from the first or second groups (or both) with a third, highly mineralized groundwater as explained by having the highest dissolved-solids concentrations in the study area and having some similarities to geochemical characteristics of samples from the first and second groups.

A groundwater-flow system analysis was done to understand the flow of groundwater throughout the aquifer system. Groundwater-level altitudes for the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity (High Plains), and Dockum aquifers are generally higher in the northwestern part of the study area and lower in the southeastern part of the study area. Groundwater generally flows in a northwest to southeast direction across the study area in each of the aquifers. The groundwater-flow paths closely resemble the mapped paleochannels, indicating that within the study area, the groundwater flows preferentially along the paleochannels, especially within the Ogallala aquifer where dewatering of the aquifer results in a greater effect of the base structure on the flow of groundwater.

The Ogallala aquifer is unsaturated in localized areas in the study area; unsaturated areas are generally near the southern extent of the Edwards-Trinity (High Plains) aquifer, with the largest unsaturated area west of Seminole, Tex. The saturated thickness of the Ogallala aquifer is thickest (more than 125 feet) southeast of Seminole and west of Brownfield, Tex., near the border between Terry and Yoakum Counties. The saturated thickness of the combined Ogallala and Edwards-Trinity (High Plains) aquifers ranges from less than 10 feet along the far southern edge of the study area to more than 350 feet north and east of Brownfield, Tex., and along the border between Terry and Yoakum Counties.

The aquifer hydraulic properties, including hydraulic conductivity and specific yield, were estimated to better understand the ability of groundwater to move through the aquifer system and quantify the volume of available water in storage. The hydraulic-conductivity values varied greatly within the study area (ranging from about 0.03 to about 350 feet per day), and often large variations were found in the same area. Terry County contained the highest and lowest hydraulic conductivity values for the Ogallala aquifer, whereas Yoakum County contained the highest and lowest hydraulic conductivity values for the Edwards-Trinity (High Plains) aquifer. The highest hydraulic-conductivity values for the Dockum aquifer were in Gaines County, whereas the lowest hydraulic-conductivity values were in Terry County. The estimated specific yield values within the study area range from 0.01 to 0.36. Higher specific yield values generally occurred in the western part of the study area except in the Ogallala aquifer where higher specific yield values were in the east. The Ogallala aquifer had the lowest specific yield range and the least specific yield variability among the three aquifers, whereas the Dockum aquifer had the highest specific yield range and the greatest specific yield variability.

Using the estimated saturated thickness and estimated specific yield grids, the water volumes of the Ogallala and Edwards-Trinity (High Plains) aquifers and the combined Ogallala and Edwards-Trinity (High Plains) aquifers were estimated. The available water in the Edwards-Trinity (High Plains) aquifer (16.6 million acre-feet) is almost double the available water in the Ogallala aquifer (8.8 million acre-feet). Although the Edwards-Trinity (High Plains) aquifer contains more available groundwater, pumping is more difficult because of the relatively low hydraulic conductivity and specific yield values compared to the Ogallala aquifer. Overall, the available water within the combined Ogallala and Edwards-Trinity (High Plains) aquifers is about 6.6, 10.2, and 8.6 million acre-feet for Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, respectively.},
	isbn = {2021-5009},
	doi = {10.3133/sir20215009},
	url = {http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20215009},
	author = {Teeple, Andrew P. and Ging, Patricia B. and Thomas, Jonathan V. and Wallace, David S. and Payne, Jason D.}
}
@article {2939,
	title = {Revisiting the marine reservoir age in Baja California continental margin sediments using 14C and 210Pb dating},
	journal = {Quaternary Geochronology},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-10-2021},
	pages = {101178},
	abstract = {Knowledge of the Marine Reservoir Effect (MRE) correction is fundamental in palaeoceanographic research to establish an accurate age-depth model for marine sedimentary records. However, during the last decades different MRE corrections have been applied in inconsistent ways for the same locality and same sediment cores, at Soledad Basin, Baja California, Mexico, creating confusion about the proper correction value of the marine reservoir effect (Delta R) to be applied. In contrast with the empirical approach previously used for assessing the Delta R value in Soledad Basin, in this study we applied an analytical approach based on the concurrent application of AMS-14C and 210Pbxs dating techniques made on sedimentary total organic carbon and foraminifera to determine new regional Delta R values from newly collected sediment cores from this site. Our results from Soledad Basin show a Delta R of 206 +/- 32 years for foraminifera and 706 +/- 42 years for organic carbon. Modeled ages using these results, and compared with those previously applied for the basin, highlight the relevance of the correct use of the local reservoir age as it can generate an offset of approximately 150 years if the other published Delta R were used. These differences can shift core chronologies by several decades and thus yield significant errors in palaeoceanographic reconstructions, which will be important to remedy in future work.},
	issn = {18711014},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quageo.2021.101178},
	url = {https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000696783400003?AlertId=4d48b20a-7d27-4fa2-a6a8-37f0daa89864\&SID=6CdHvzZQLddFkxmd4Jp},
	author = {Treinen-Crespo, Christina and Barbara, Lo{\"\i}c and Villaescusa, Julio A. and Schmidt, Sabine and Pearson, Ann and Carriquiry, Jos{\'e} D.}
}
@article {2942,
	title = {Soil Organic Carbon Development and Turnover in Natural and Disturbed Salt Marsh Environments},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {48},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Apr-01-2023},
	abstract = {Salt marsh survival with sea-level rise (SLR) increasingly relies on soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and preservation. Using a novel combination of geochemical approaches, we characterized fine SOC (<=1 mm) supporting marsh elevation maintenance. Overlaying thermal reactivity, source (δ13C), and age (F14C) information demonstrates several processes contributing to soil development: marsh grass production, redeposition of eroded material, and microbial reworking. Redeposition of old carbon, likely from creekbanks, represented \~{}9\%{\textendash}17\% of shallow SOC (<=26 cm). Soils stored marsh grass-derived compounds with a range of reactivities that were reworked over centuries-to-millennia. Decomposition decreases SOC thermal reactivity throughout the soil column while the decades-long disturbance of ponding accelerated this shift in surface horizons. Empirically derived estimates of SOC turnover based on geochemical composition spanned a wide range (640{\textendash}9,951 years) and have the potential to inform predictions of marsh ecosystem evolution.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2020GL090287},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GL090287},
	author = {Luk, Sheron Y. and Todd-Brown, Katherine and Eagle, Meagan and McNichol, Ann P. and Sanderman, Jonathan and Gosselin, Kelsey and Spivak, Amanda C.}
}
@article {2931,
	title = {Using Radiocarbon to Assess the Abundance, Distribution, and Nature of Labile Organic Carbon in Marine Sediments},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-06-2021},
	abstract = {Positive C-14 gradients have recently been observed within the surface mixed layer of several continental-margin sediments. The best explanation for these positive C-14 gradients is the occurrence and rapid degradation of labile organic carbon (LOC) in the upper 5-10 cm of the seabed. Based on a two-component model for sedimentary organic matter (i.e., a planktonic labile component and an older refractory component), bulk (14)Corg data were used to determine the abundances of LOC within the surface mixed layers of three cores from the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) shelf and one core from San Clemente Basin (California Borderland). LOC contents in surface samples from the four stations varied from 0.5 to 1.1 mg/cm(3), comprising 20\% (San Clemente Basin) to 80\% (WAP, Sta. G) of the total organic carbon. By incorporating a steady state diagenetic model and particle-mixing bioturbation coefficients, the LOC profiles were used to determine LOC turnover times (LOC tau) and LOC e-folding depths. The LOC tau values for the West Antarctic Peninsula sediments varied from 0.09 to 0.59 years, whereas the LOC tau value from the San Clemente Basin core was 63 years. The LOC e-folding depths for the WAP stations varied from 0.8 to 3.4 cm, in contrast to the LOC e-folding depth in San Clemente Basin, which was 4.0 cm. LOC characteristics from the four cores examined in this study were compared to LOC data in the literature as a means of substantiating the overall C-14(org)-based approach and justifying model assumptions.},
	issn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2020GB006676},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GB006676https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2020GB006676https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2020GB006676https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1029/2020GB006676},
	author = {DeMaster, D. J. and Taylor, R. S. and Smith, C. R. and Isla, E. and Thomas, C. J.}
}
@article {2735,
	title = {An abrupt cooling event recorded around 73 kyr in western South Atlantic},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {542},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-03-2020},
	pages = {80 - 87},
	abstract = {This paper presents the record of sea surface temperature and planktonic foraminifera cold species for the last 130 kyr of a deep sea marine piston core (GL-854) from western South Atlantic. Our data shows a prominent and consistent feature around 73 kyr when an abrupt drop in sea surface temperature, both artificial neural network and oxygen isotope-based, was recorded. Additionally, our oxygen isotope curve presents a positive excursion and two cold-water planktonic foraminifera (Globoconella inflata and Neogloboquadrina incompta) remarkably increased their abundances. The benthic oxygen isotope record did not indicate any change while planktonic indicators were intensely disturbed. This cooling episode should be explained by a strong and abrupt mechanism able to promptly affect the surface ocean but not the deep ocean. It seems to be one of the coldest intervals during the last 130 kyr. Here, we discuss some hypothesis for this abrupt cooling recorded in the South Atlantic, including the speculative climatic impact of Toba super-eruption.},
	keywords = {Artificial neural network, C. pelagicus, G. inflata N. incompta, Oxygen isotope record, planktonic foraminifera, Toba volcano},
	issn = {10406182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2020.03.005},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618220300902},
	author = {Camillo, Edmundo and Quadros, Juliana P. and Santarosa, Ana Cl{\'a}udia A. and Costa, Karen B. and Toledo, Felipe A.L.}
}
@article {2919,
	title = {Aquifer-Scale Observations of Iron Redox Transformations in Arsenic-Impacted Environments to Predict Future Contamination},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology Letters},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Aug-12-2020},
	pages = {916 - 922},
	abstract = {Iron oxides control the mobility of a host of contaminants in aquifer systems, and the microbial reduction of iron oxides in the subsurface is linked to high levels of arsenic in groundwater that affects greater than 150 million people globally. Paired observations of groundwater and solid-phase aquifer composition are critical to understand spatial and temporal trends in contamination and effectively manage changing water resources, yet field-representative mineralogical data are sparse across redox gradients relevant to arsenic contamination. We characterize iron mineralogy using X-ray absorption spectroscopy across a natural gradient of groundwater arsenic contamination in Vietnam. Hierarchical cluster analysis classifies sediments into meaningful groups delineating weathering and redox changes, diagnostic of depositional history, in this first direct characterization of redox transformations in the field. Notably, these groupings reveal a signature of iron minerals undergoing active reduction before the onset of arsenic contamination in groundwater. Pleistocene sediments undergoing postdepositional reduction may be more extensive than previously recognized due to previous misclassification. By upscaling to similar environments in South and Southeast Asia via multinomial logistic regression modeling, we show that active iron reduction, and therefore susceptibility to future arsenic contamination, is more widely distributed in presumably pristine aquifers than anticipated.},
	keywords = {BANGLADESH, BENGAL BASIN, groundwater, PLEISTOCENE AQUIFER, POLLUTION, RELEASE, RIVER DELTA, Sediment, TRANSPORT, VIETNAM},
	issn = {2328-8930},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.estlett.0c0067210.1021/acs.estlett.0c00672.s00110.1021/acs.estlett.0c00672.s00210.1021/acs.estlett.0c00672.s00310.1021/acs.estlett.0c00672.s004},
	url = {https://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\&SrcApp=search\&SrcAuth=Alerting\&SID=8AkJOJLKFU3j5nkGaRI\&customersID=Alerting\&mode=FullRecord\&IsProductCode=Yes\&AlertId=4d48b20a-7d27-4fa2-},
	author = {Nghiem, Athena A. and Shen, Yating and Stahl, Mason and Sun, Jing and Haque, Ezazul and DeYoung, Beck and Nguyen, Khue N. and Thi Mai, Tran and Trang, Pham Thi Kim and Pham, Hung Viet and Mailloux, Brian and Harvey, Charles F. and van Geen, Alexander and Bostick, Benjam{\'\i}n C.}
}
@article {2914,
	title = {Carbon cycling in the deep Mariana Trench in the western north Pacific Ocean: Insights from radiocarbon proxy data},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {164},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-10-2020},
	pages = {103370},
	abstract = {The Mariana Trench in the western North Pacific (NP) contains the deepest (11,000 m) point in the ocean and thus remains the least explored environment. Carbon cycling in the deep Mariana Trench is largely unknown and remains a curious mystery. Here, we report radiocarbon (Delta C-14) and stable carbon isotope (delta C-13) compositions of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC and DOC) and sinking particulate organic carbon (POC) for samples collected at 2000 m, 4000 m and 6000 m from the Mariana Trench in the western NP. DOC had much lower Delta C-14 values (-189 parts per thousand to -538 parts per thousand) than DIC (38 parts per thousand to -236 parts per thousand) and POC (11 parts per thousand-38 parts per thousand) at the same depths, indicating the different cycling processes and time scales of different carbon pools. The C-14 ages of DOC were approximately 1700 years and 4400 years older than those of DIC in the surface (2 m) and deep (10,000 m) waters of the Mariana Trench. Both DOC and DIC Delta C-14 values at hadal depths (>6000 m) in the trench are comparable to values at other sites in the deep NP, suggesting that water movement and mixing at hadal depths in the Mariana Trench are active and follow the deep-water circulation patterns of the NP. POC fluxes at the three deep depths showed large variations, but their modern Delta C-14 values indicate that the effective biological pump that drives fresh surface-produced particles to sink rapidly to deep depths in the trench could provide essential food sources for microbial and benthic communities living in an extremely harsh environment of the Mariana Trench.},
	keywords = {carbon cycling, Mariana trench, North pacific ocean, Particle flux, radiocarbon, stable carbon isotope},
	issn = {09670637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2020.103370},
	url = {https://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\&SrcApp=search\&SrcAuth=Alerting\&SID=5FcsGoXKXNO2xQfU7KW\&customersID=Alerting\&mode=FullRecord\&IsProductCode=Yes\&AlertId=4d48b20a-7d27-4fa2-},
	author = {Shan, Sen and Qi, Yuanzhi and Tian, Jiwei and Wang, Xuchen and Luo, Chunle and Zhou, Chun and Zhang, Xiao-Hua and Xin, Yu and Wang, Yonghong}
}
@article {2915,
	title = {Dissolved black carbon is not likely a significant refractory organic carbon pool in rivers and oceansAbstract},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-12-2020},
	abstract = {Rivers are the major carriers of dissolved black carbon (DBC) from land to ocean; the sources of DBC during its continuous transformation and cycling in the ocean, however, are not well characterized. Here, we present new carbon isotope data for DBC in four large and two small mountainous rivers, the Yangtze and Yellow river estuaries, the East China Sea and the North Pacific Ocean. We found that the carbon isotope signatures of DBC are relatively homogeneous, and the DBC C-14 ages in rivers are predominantly young and increase during continuous transport and cycling in the ocean. The results of charcoal leaching experiments indicate that DBC is released from charcoal and degraded by bacteria. Our study suggests that riverine DBC is labile and respired during transport and mixing into the ocean and that residual DBC is cycled and aged on the same time scales as bulk DOC in the ocean. Black carbon is a recalcitrant byproduct of biomass burning that ultimately accumulates in oceanic sinks. Here the authors assessed the sources and cycling of dissolved black carbon in rivers and oceans, finding that oceanic pools are cycled and aged on the same time scales as dissolved organic carbon.},
	keywords = {Changjiang, cycle, flux, HUANGHE RIVERS, level, particulate, quantification, radiocarbon, sea},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-18808-8},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18808-8http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18808-8.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18808-8.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18808-8},
	author = {Qi, Yuanzhi and Fu, Wenjing and Tian, Jiwei and Luo, Chunle and Shan, Sen and Sun, Shuwen and Ren, Peng and Zhang, Hongmei and Liu, Jiwen and Zhang, Xiaohua and Wang, Xuchen}
}
@article {2787,
	title = {Efficient preservation of young terrestrial organic carbon in sandy turbidity-current depositsAbstract},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {48},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-09-2020},
	pages = {882 - 887},
	abstract = {Burial of terrestrial biospheric particulate organic carbon in marine sediments removes CO2 from the atmosphere, regulating climate over geologic time scales. Rivers deliver terrestrial organic carbon to the sea, while turbidity currents transport river sediment further offshore. Previous studies have suggested that most organic carbon resides in muddy marine sediment. However, turbidity currents can carry a significant component of coarser sediment, which is commonly assumed to be organic carbon poor. Here, using data from a Canadian fjord, we show that young woody debris can be rapidly buried in sandy layers of turbidity current deposits (turbidites). These layers have organic carbon contents 10{\texttimes} higher than the overlying mud layer, and overall, woody debris makes up >70\% of the organic carbon preserved in the deposits. Burial of woody debris in sands overlain by mud caps reduces their exposure to oxygen, increasing organic carbon burial efficiency. Sandy turbidity current channels are common in fjords and the deep sea; hence we suggest that previous global organic carbon burial budgets may have been underestimated.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G47320.1},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/48/9/882/586768/Efficient-preservation-of-young-terrestrial},
	author = {Hage, S. and Galy, V.V. and Cartigny, M.J.B. and Acikalin, S. and Clare, M.A. and Gr{\"o}cke, D.R. and Hilton, R.G. and Hunt, J.E. and Lintern, D.G. and McGhee, C.A. and Parsons, D.R. and Stacey, C.D. and Sumner, E.J. and Talling, P.J.}
}
@article {2916,
	title = {Evaluating the effects of regional climate trends along the West Antarctic Peninsula shelf based on the seabed distribution of naturally occurring radioisotopic tracers},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {429},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-11-2020},
	pages = {106315},
	abstract = {Measurements of Th-230, C-14, Pb-210 and Th-234 activities were made on sediment cores collected along a N-S transect exhibiting a gradient in annual sea-ice duration off the West Antarctic Peninsula. The resultant data were used to evaluate the effects of regional warming on particle flux reaching the seabed on timescales from millennial to seasonal. Shelf samples were collected at five stations, over three cruises, between February 2008 and March 2009, as part of the FOODBANCS2 Project. Sea-ice conditions (the number of days ice-free prior to core collection) were evaluated at the five stations to understand the relationship between ice abundance and particle/radionuclide flux. Based on the millennial tracer C-14, rates of sediment accumulation along the peninsula decrease southward, consistent with the observed sea-ice gradient. Th-230 data provide additional evidence on millennial timescales that sediment focusing (i.e., lateral transport) occurs to a greater extent in the northern reaches of the study area compared to the southernmost stations. The distribution of steady-state, Pb-210 flux to the seabed (representing centurial trends) displays a similar trend to C-14, showing higher radionuclide/particle flux in the northern study area (where sea-ice duration is diminished) and lower flux southward as sea-ice duration increases. Additionally, Pb-210 data suggest that lateral transport plays an important role in the sediment distributions of this radiotracer on hundred-year timescales, which is explainable by the relatively short circulation times of peninsular waters relative to Pb-210{\textquoteright}s half-life. On seasonal and annual time scales, the distribution of steady-state Th-234 flux to the seabed shows an increase in radionuclide flux at the southernmost stations. This increase in radionuclide flux on seasonal and annual time scales is consistent with the warming trend along the peninsula and the reduction in sea-ice duration over the past decade. A significant statistical relationship, however, could not be established between annual sea-ice free days and Th-234-derived particle flux to the seabed. The fluxes/distributions of long-lived particle-reactive tracers (C-14, Th-230, and Pb-210) on the West Antarctic Peninsula shelf appear to be controlled primarily by the long-term pattern of increasing annual sea-ice duration in the southward direction, whereas the fluxes of the short-lived tracer (Th-234) are consistent with the more recent decreases in sea-ice duration (associated with climate change) that have occurred over the past decade, primarily in the southern West Antarctic Peninsula stations.},
	keywords = {Antarctica, Climate change, Radiochemical flux, Sea-ice, Seabed},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106315},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322720302036},
	author = {Taylor, Richard S. and DeMaster, David J. and Smith, Craig R. and Thomas, Carrie J.}
}
@article {2762,
	title = {Holocene Rupture History of the Central Teton Fault at Leigh Lake, Grand Teton National Park, WyomingABSTRACT},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	volume = {110},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-02-2020},
	pages = {67 - 82},
	abstract = {Prominent scarps on Pinedale glacial surfaces along the eastern base of the Teton Range confirm latest Pleistocene to Holocene surface-faulting earthquakes on the Teton fault, but the timing of these events is only broadly constrained by a single previous paleoseismic study. We excavated two trenches at the Leigh Lake site near the center of the Teton fault to address open questions about earthquake timing and rupture length. Structural and stratigraphic evidence indicates two surface-faulting earthquakes at the site that postdate deglacial sediments dated by radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence to \~{}10{\textendash}11  ka⁠. Earthquake LL2 occurred at \~{}10.0  ka (9.7{\textendash}10.4 ka; 95\% confidence range) and LL1 at \~{}5.9  ka (4.8{\textendash}7.1 ka; 95\%). LL2 predates an earthquake at \~{}8  ka identified in the previous paleoseismic investigation at Granite Canyon. LL1 corresponds to the most recent Granite Canyon earthquake at \~{}4.7{\textendash}7.9  ka (95\% confidence range). Our results are consistent with the previously documented long-elapsed time since the most recent Teton fault rupture and expand the fault{\textquoteright}s earthquake history into the early Holocen},
	issn = {0037-1106},
	doi = {10.1785/0120190129},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/110/1/67/575484/Holocene-Rupture-History-of-the-Central-Teton},
	author = {Zellman, Mark S. and DuRoss, Christopher B. and Thackray, Glenn D. and Personius, Stephen F. and Reitman, Nadine G. and Mahan, Shannon A. and Brossy, Cooper C.}
}
@article {2759,
	title = {Holocene sedimentation in a blue hole surrounded by carbonate tidal flats in The Bahamas: Autogenic versus allogenic processes},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {419},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-01-2020},
	pages = {106051},
	abstract = {The sediment in North Atlantic blue holes preserves paleoclimate records. However, accurate paleoclimate reconstructions require an improved understanding of allogenic versus autogenic processes controlling blue hole sedimentation. Here we provide a detailed case study of the Holocene stratigraphy within Freshwater River Blue Hole, which is currently surrounded by carbonate tidal flats in the northern Bahamas (Abaco Island). During the Holocene, concomitant coastal aquifer elevation and relative sea-level rise controlled internal blue hole depositional environments. The general Holocene facies succession observed is: (i) basal detrital and freshwater peat, (ii) palustrine to lacustrine marl, (iii) algal sapropel, and finally (iv) bedded carbonate mud. During the middle Holocene when groundwater levels were lower, small changes in accommodation space that were inherited from the bedrock surface below (<1 m) were able to promote significant lateral facies changes. Multiple cores are needed to characterize these lateral facies changes. Hydrographic characteristics of the coastal aquifer (e.g., vertical position, stratification, salinity) relative to the blue hole benthos exert a fundamental control on (a) benthic flora and meiofauna (e.g., charophytes, ostracodes, foraminifera, gastropods) and (b) organic matter production and preservation from pelagic productivity. Over the last 5000 years, water column stratification in Freshwater River Blue Hole was interrupted on millennial to sub-decadal timescales , which are potentially linked to changing aquifer recharge and rainfall. Lastly, historical intense hurricanes passing closely to the west of the site may have promoted deposition of coarse beds at the site. However, the lack of carbonate tidal flat microfaunal remains (foraminifera: Peneroplis) within these coarse intervals indicates that Freshwater River Blue Hole does not preserve a reliable record of hurricane-induced overwash deposition from the carbonate tidal flats during the last 2300 years.},
	keywords = {Carbonate tidal flats, carbonates, North Atlantic Bahamas, sinkhole},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2019.106051},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025322719301811},
	author = {van Hengstum, Peter J. and Winkler, Tyler S. and Tamalavage, Anne E. and Sullivan, Richard M. and Little, Shawna N. and MacDonald, Dana and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Albury, Nancy A.}
}
@article {2684,
	title = {Influences of upper Floridan aquifer waters on radiocarbon in the otoliths of gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) in the Gulf of Mexico},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jun-05-2020},
	pages = {1 - 20},
	abstract = {The otoliths (ear stones) of fishes are commonly used to describe the age and growth of marine and freshwater fishes. These non-skeletal structures are fortuitous in their utility by being composed of mostly inorganic carbonate that is inert through the life of the fish. This conserved record functions like an environmental chronometer and bomb-produced radiocarbon {\textemdash} a 14C signal created by atmospheric testing of thermonuclear devices {\textemdash} can be used as a time-specific marker in validating fish age. However, complications from the hydrogeology of nearshore marine environments can complicate 14C levels, as was the case with gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) along the Gulf of Mexico coast of Florida. Radiocarbon of these nearshore waters is influenced by freshwater input from the karst topography of the Upper Floridan Aquifer-estuarine waters that are 14C-depleted from surface and groundwater inputs. Some gray snapper likely recruited to this kind of environment where 14C levels were depleted in the earliest otolith growth, although age was validated for individuals that were not exposed to 14C-depleted waters to an age of at least 25 years with support for a 30-year lifespan.},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2020.29},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341180789_INFLUENCES_OF_UPPER_FLORIDAN_AQUIFER_WATERS_ON_RADIOCARBON_IN_THE_OTOLITHS_OF_GRAY_SNAPPER_Lutjanus_griseus_IN_THE_GULF_OF_MEXICO},
	author = {Andrews, Allen H and Barnett, Beverly K and Chanton, Jeffrey P and Thornton, Laura A and Allman, Robert J}
}
@article {2820,
	title = {Life and its traces in Antarctica{\textquoteright}s McMurdo Dry Valley paleolakes: a survey of preservation},
	journal = {Micron},
	volume = {131},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-04-2020},
	pages = {102818},
	abstract = {The extremely cold and arid conditions of Antarctica make it uniquely positioned to investigate fundamental questions regarding the persistence of life in extreme environments. Within the McMurdo Dry Valleys and surrounding mountain ranges are multiple ancient relict lakes, paleolakes, with lacustrine deposits spanning from thousands to millions of years in age. Here we present data from light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and radiocarbon dating to catalog the remarkable range of life preserved within these deposits. This includes intact microbes and nanobacteria-sized cocci, CaCO3 precipitations consistent with biogenic calcium, previously undescribed net-like structures, possible dormant spores, and long-extinct yet exquisitely preserved non-vascular plants. These images provide an important reference for further microbiome investigations of Antarctic paleolake samples. In addition, these findings may provide a visual reference for the use of subsurface groundwater microbial communities as an analog for paleolake subsurface water on planets such as Mars.},
	keywords = {Antarctica, Biosignatures, Microbes, Paleolakes, SEM},
	issn = {09684328},
	doi = {10.1016/j.micron.2019.102818},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0968432819304160},
	author = {Greenfield, Samuel R. and Tighe, Scott W. and Bai, Yu and Goerlitz, David S. and Von Turkovich, Michele and Taatjes, Douglas J. and Dragon, Julie A. and Johnson, Sarah Stewart}
}
@article {2670,
	title = {Life history of northern Gulf of Mexico Warsaw grouper Hyporthodus nigritus inferred from otolith radiocarbon analysis},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Dec-01-2021},
	pages = {e0228254},
	abstract = {Warsaw grouper, Hyporthodus nigritus, is a western Atlantic Ocean species typically found at depths between 55 and 525 m. It is listed as a species of concern by the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service and as near threatened by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. However, little information exists on the species{\textquoteright} life history in the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM) and its stock status in that region is currently unknown. Age of nGOM Warsaw grouper was investigated via opaque zone counts in otolith thin sections (max age = 61 y), and then the bomb 14C chronometer was employed to validate the accuracy of age estimates. Otolith cores (n = 14) were analyzed with accelerator mass spectrometry and resulting Δ14C values overlain on a loess regression computed for a regional coral and known-age red snapper Δ14C time series. Residual analysis between predicted Δ14C values from the loess regression versus Warsaw grouper otolith core Δ14C values indicated no significant difference in the two data series. Therefore, the accuracy of otolith-based aging was validated, which enabled growth and longevity estimates to be made for nGOM Warsaw grouper. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) Δ14C values collected from the nGOM support the inference that juvenile Warsaw grouper occur in shelf waters (<200 m) since DIC Δ14C values in this depth range are enriched in 14C and similar to the Δ14C values from otolith cores. A Bayesian model was fit to fishery-dependent age composition data and produced von Bertalanffy growth function parameters of L1 = 1,533 mm, k = 0.14 y-1, and t0 = 1.82 y. Fishing mortality also was estimated in the model, which resulted in a ratio of fishing to natural mortality of 5.1:1. Overall, study results indicate Warsaw grouper is a long-lived species that is estimated to have experienced significant overfishing in the nGOM, with the age of most landed fish being <10 y.},
	doi = { https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228254},
	url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0228254},
	author = {Barnett, Beverly K. and Chanton, Jeffrey P. and Ahrens, Robert and Thornton, Laura and Patterson, William F.},
	editor = {Patterson, Heather M.}
}
@article {2781,
	title = {Resolving sea ice dynamics in the north-western Ross Sea during the last 2.6 ka: From seasonal to millennial timescales},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {237},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-06-2020},
	pages = {106299},
	abstract = {Time-series analyses of satellite images reveal that sea ice extent in the Ross Sea has experienced significant changes over the last 40 years, likely triggered by large-scale atmospheric anomalies. However, resolving how sea ice in the Ross Sea has changed over longer timeframes has until now remained more elusive. Here we used a laminated sediment piston core (14.6 m) collected from the Edisto inlet (Western Ross Sea) to reconstruct fast ice dynamics over the last 2.6 ka. Our goal was to first understand the climate expression of selected well-defined sediment laminae and then use these characteristics for reconstructing past sea ice behaviour across the whole sedimentary sequence. We used the recently established sea ice diatom biomarker proxy IPSO25 in combination with diatom census counts and bulk analyses. Analyses performed on a suite of discrete laminae revealed statistically significant differences between dark and light laminae reflecting different depositional conditions. Based on their respective biogeochemical fingerprints, we infer that dark laminae accumulated during sea ice thaws in early summer. Under these conditions, laminae contain relatively high concentrations of IPSO25 and display an enriched δ13C composition for the bulk organic matter (OM). While diatom assemblages in dark laminae are relatively homogenous, as the thaw continues later in the summer, Corethron pennatum becomes the dominant diatom species, resulting in the formation of light laminae characterized by low IPSO25 concentrations. Since C. pennatum can migrate vertically through the water column to uptake nutrients and avoid competition in oligotrophic waters, its high concentration likely reflects stratified and ice-free surface waters typical of late summer.

Down-core trends show that the correlation between sediment brightness and geochemical fingerprint (i.e., IPSO25 and δ13C) holds throughout the record. Based on the knowledge gained at lamina level, our down-core high-resolution reconstruction shows that the summer fast ice coverage changed dramatically during the late Holocene. Specifically, we conclude that the Edisto inlet experienced regular early summer opening between 2.6 ka, and ca. 0.7 ka, after which, coastal fast ice persisted during summer months and ice-free conditions became less frequent. Comparison with previous regional ice core data suggests that the sudden cooling recorded over the Victoria Land Coast region since 0.7 ka might potentially explain our observation of persistent summer fast ice in the Western Ross Sea. Our study has shown that multi-proxy data derived from laminated sediments can provide hitherto unknown detail regarding past summer sea ice dynamics in coastal Antarctic regions.},
	keywords = {Fast ice, IPSO25, Laminated sediments, Ross Sea, Sea ice},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106299},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379120302614},
	author = {Tesi, T. and Belt, S.T. and Gariboldi, K. and Muschitiello, F. and Smik, L. and Finocchiaro, F. and Giglio, F. and Colizza, E. and Gazzurra, G. and Giordano, P. and Morigi, C. and Capotondi, L. and Nogarotto, A. and K{\"o}seo{\u g}lu, D. and Di Roberto, A. and Gallerani, A. and Langone, L.}
}
@article {2893,
	title = {Response of shallow-sea benthic foraminifera to environmental changes off the coast of Goa, eastern Arabian Sea, during the last \~{}6100 cal yr BPAbstract},
	journal = {Geological Magazine},
	volume = {157},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-03-2020},
	pages = {497 - 505},
	abstract = {We have analysed a 6100-year record of benthic and planktonic foraminifera from inner neritic sediments from Core SK291/GC13, off the Goa coast, eastern Arabian Sea, to understand the response of benthic foraminifera to shallow-marine processes. The benthic foraminiferal assemblage is dominated by Nonion cf. asterizans, Ammonia beccarii, A. gaimardii and Virgulinella fragilis, which have been selected on the basis of a population of 10\% or more in any three samples analysed. The planktonic foraminiferal population is sporadic and rare, with Globigerinoides ruber as the predominant species showing a variable trend. The foraminiferal proxies combined with total organic carbon (wt\%) and δ13C and δ18O values of Ammonia gaimardii suggest distinct variations, indicating changes in productivity and salinity in the shallow eastern Arabian Sea. The coastal waters off Goa were relatively warmer and less saline between 6100 and 4600, or perhaps to 4200, calibrated years before the present (cal yr BP), corresponding to a stronger monsoon in South and East Asia. The shallow sea was cooler from ~4200 to 2600 cal yr BP in the study area, coinciding with a lower sea surface temperature in the northeastern Arabian Sea and an arid phase in the Indian subcontinent. From 2900 to 2600 cal yr BP the study core exhibits the impacts of short-term cold events, which have earlier been observed in the northeastern Arabian Sea, off Pakistan. During the Little Ice Age, the shallow sea off Goa was less productive.},
	keywords = {arabian sea, benthic foraminifera, Indian monsoon, Stable isotopes, western continental margin of India},
	issn = {0016-7568},
	doi = {10.1017/S0016756819000979},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0016756819000979/type/journal_article},
	author = {Saravanan, Ponnusamy and Gupta, Anil K. and Zheng, Hongbo and Panigrahi, Mruganka K. and Tiwari, Sameer K. and Rai, Santosh K. and Prakasam, Muthusamy}
}
@article {2802,
	title = {Antarctic Relic Microbial Mat Community Revealed by Metagenomics and Metatranscriptomics},
	journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Nov-01-2020},
	abstract = {Buried upslope from the modern lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are relict lake deposits embedded in valley walls. Within these relict deposits, ancient microbial mats, or paleomats, have been preserved under extremely arid and cold conditions since the receding of larger paleolakes thousands of years ago, and now serve as a sheltered niche for microbes in a highly challenging oligotrophic environment. To explore whether paleomats could be repositories for ancient lake cells or were later colonized by soil microbes, determine what types of metabolic pathways might be present, analyze potential gene expression, and explore whether the cells are in a vegetative or dormant state, we collected paleomat samples from ancient lake facies on the northern slopes of Lake Vanda in Wright Valley in December 2016. Using a gentle lysis technique optimized to preserve longer molecules, combined with a polyenzymatic treatment to maximize yields from different cell types, we isolated high-molecular weight DNA and RNA from ancient paleomat samples. Community composition analysis suggests that the paleomat community may retain a population of indigenous mat cells that may flourish once more favorable conditions are met. In addition to harboring a diverse microbial community, paleomats appear to host heterotrophs in surrounding soils utilizing the deposits as a carbon source. Whole genome long-read PacBio sequencing of native DNA and Illumina metagenomic sequencing of size-sorted DNA (>2,500 nt) indicated possible cell viability, with mat community composed of bacterial taxa. Metagenome assemblies identified genes with predicted roles in nitrogen cycling and complex carbohydrate degradation, and we identified key metabolic pathways such as stress response, DNA repair, and sporulation. Metatranscriptomic data revealed that the most abundant transcripts code for products involved in genetic information processing pathways, particularly translation, DNA replication, and DNA repair. Our results lend new insight into the functional ecology of paleomat deposits, with implications for our understanding of cell biology, Antarctic microbiology and biogeography, and the limits of life in extremely harsh environments.},
	doi = {10.3389/fevo.2019.00001},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fevo.2019.00001/full},
	author = {Zaikova, Elena and Goerlitz, David S. and Tighe, Scott W. and Wagner, Nicole Y. and Bai, Yu and Hall, Brenda L. and Bevilacqua, Julie G. and Weng, Margaret M. and Samuels-Fair, Maya D. and Johnson, Sarah Stewart}
}
@article {2703,
	title = {Comparing and improving methods for reconstructing peatland water-table depth from testate amoebae},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-08-2020},
	pages = {1350 - 1361},
	abstract = {Proxies that use changes in the composition of ecological communities to reconstruct temporal changes in an environmental covariate are commonly used in paleoclimatology and paleolimnology. Existing methods, such as weighted averaging and modern analog technique, relate compositional data to the covariate in very simple ways, and different methods are seldom compared systematically. We present a new Bayesian model that better represents the underlying data and the complexity in the relationships between species{\textquoteright} abundances and a paleoenvironmental covariate. Using testate amoeba{\textendash}based reconstructions of water-table depth as a test case, we systematically compare new and existing models in a cross-validation experiment on a large training dataset from North America. We then apply the different models to a new 7500-year record of testate amoeba assemblages from Caribou Bog in Maine and compare the resulting water-table depth reconstructions. We find that Bayesian models represent an improvement over existing methods in three key ways: more complete use of the underlying compositional data, full and meaningful treatment of uncertainty, and clear paths toward methodological improvements. Furthermore, we highlight how developing and systematically comparing methods lead to an improved understanding of the proxy system. This paper focuses on testate amoebae and water-table depth, but the framework and ideas are widely applicable to other proxies based on compositional data.},
	keywords = {Bayesian statistics, compositional data, Holocene, hydrology, North America, Northeast United States, Paleoclimate, peatlands, statistical methods, testate amoebae},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683619846969},
	url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683619846969},
	author = {Nolan, Connor and Tipton, John and Booth, Robert K and Hooten, Mevin B and Jackson, Stephen T}
}
@article {2677,
	title = {Coupled ocean and atmospheric changes during Greenland stadial 1 in southwestern Europe},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {212},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-05-2019},
	pages = {108 - 120},
	abstract = {Paleoclimate reconstructions suggest that the complex variability within the Greenland stadial 1 (GS-1) over western Europe was governed by coupled ocean and atmospheric changes. However, few works from the North Atlantic mid-latitudes document both the GS-1 onset and its termination, which are often considered as single abrupt transition events. Here, we present a direct comparison between marine (alkenone-based sea surface temperatures) and terrestrial (pollen) data, at very high resolution (28 years mean), from the southwestern Iberian shelf record D13882. Our results reveal a rather complex climatic period with internally changing conditions. The GS-1 onset (GS-1a: 12890-12720 yr BP) is marked by a progressive cooling and drying; GS-1b (12720-12390 yr BP) is the coldest and driest phase; GS-1c (12390-12030 yr BP) is marked by a progressive warming and increase in moisture conditions; GS-1 termination (GS-1d: 12030-11770 yr BP) is marked by rapid switches between cool wet, cold dry and cool wet conditions. Although hydroclimate response was very unsteady throughout the GS-1 and in particular during its termination phase, the persistence of an open temperate and Mediterranean forest in southwestern Iberia during the entire episode suggests that at least some moisture was delivered via the Westerlies. We propose coupled ocean and atmospheric mechanisms to reproduce these scenaria. Changes in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) as well as variations in the North Atlantic sea-ice growth have favoured the displacement of the polar jet stream{\textquoteright}s latitudinal position and contributed to a complex spatial pattern and strength of the Westerlies across western Europe.},
	keywords = {Climate variability, Greenland stadial, Iberian margin, Jet stream, Moisture availability, North Atlantic, Paleoclimate, Westerlies, Younger Dryas Complex},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.03.033},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332292599_Coupled_ocean_and_atmospheric_changes_during_Greenland_stadial_1_in_southwestern_Europe},
	author = {Naughton, F. and Costas, S. and Gomes, S.D. and Desprat, S. and Rodrigues, T. and Sanchez Go{\~n}i, M.F. and Renssen, H. and Trigo, R. and Bronk-Ramsey, C. and Oliveira, D. and Salgueiro, E. and Voelker, A.H.L. and Abrantes, F.}
}
@article {2782,
	title = {Farming strategies of 1st millennium CE agro-pastoralists on the southern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains: A geoarchaeological and macrobotanical investigation of the Mohuchahangoukou (MGK) site, Xinjiang, China},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2019},
	month = {May-06-2019},
	pages = {e0217171},
	abstract = {Archaeological evidence emerging over the past decade clearly illustrates that agro-pastoralists living along the foothills of major mountain chains in Central Asia (the so-called {\textquotedblleft}Inner Asian Mountain Corridor{\textquotedblright} or IAMC) facilitated the spread of domesticated grains through their direct involvement in farming. While the environmental conditions across the northwestern slopes of the IAMC provided adequate resources for incipient farming and herding as early as the mid-3rd mill. BCE, the development of local agricultural strategies on the extremely arid and eroded foothills on the southeastern, leeward side of the mountains remain comparatively less studied. Our study tackles this problem by combining geoarchaeological analysis with conventional macrobotanical identification in the investigation of a 1st-mill. CE agro-pastoralist farming site, Mohuchahangoukou (MGK), located on the arid foothills of the Tianshan range. Our results illustrate how ancient agro-pastoralists at MGK innovated irrigation systems both to combat water shortage and, importantly, to trap sediments carried by flood-water for crop cultivation. By synthesizing currently available data, we estimate that they managed to trap about 40 cm of fine-grained sediment within a span of 200 years or even less. These stone-built field systems helped water a diverse stand of crops and create deeper soils in an otherwise deflated landscape with thin desert soils. Since we detected high levels of salt concentration (>2 dSm-1) in the lower portions of all three test trenches we analyzed, we conclude that soil salinization might have affected the long-term sustainability of this form of irrigated field management. We also infer that, besides engineering efforts, the ancient agro-pastoralists at MGK had to resolve the scheduling conflicts between irrigated farming and animal herding through labor specialization.},
	keywords = {Agricultural irrigation, Agricultural soil science, agriculture, Archaeology, Crops, Geochemistry, Paleopedology, Sediment},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0217171},
	url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217171},
	author = {Li, Yuqi and Storozum, Michael and Tian, Duo and Frachetti, Michael and Su, Kai and Wang, Xin},
	editor = {Islam, Rafiq}
}
@article {2793,
	title = {Glacial geology and cosmogenic-nuclide exposure ages from the Tucker Glacier - Whitehall Glacier confluence, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica},
	journal = {American Journal of Science},
	volume = {319},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Oct-04-2019},
	pages = {255 - 286},
	abstract = {We describe glacial-geological observations and cosmogenic-nuclide exposure ages from the vicinity of the present grounding line of Tucker Glacier, a large alpine glacier flowing from the mountains of northern Victoria Land, East Antarctica, into the outer Ross Sea. These data are relevant for constraining the extent of ice sheet expansion and retreat in the Ross Sea, and associated eustatic sea level impact, between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the present. In addition, a terrestrial geological record of ice thickness change from this region could provide evidence for or against the hypothesis that rapid eustatic sea-level rise during meltwater pulse 1A ({\textquotedblleft}MWP-1A{\textquotedblright}) at 14.6 ka was in part the result of rapid, large-scale thinning or breakup of a marine-based portion of the LGM ice sheet in the outer Ross Sea. Glacial-geological observations, exposure ages on glacial deposits, and a novel application of in-situ-produced cosmogenic 14C in quartz-bearing bedrock to identify the limits of LGM ice cover in the absence of direct geomorphic evidence, show that Tucker Glacier near its present grounding line was 300 to 350 m thicker than present during the LGM and thinned steadily between 17 to 5 ka. The largest possible rapid thickness change in the time period 14 to 15 ka that could be accommodated by the exposure-age data is \~{}50 m, which is a small fraction of that predicted for the western Ross Sea by model simulations of the Antarctic contribution to MWP-1A. There do exist possible scenarios in which hypothesized marine ice sheet collapse in the outer Ross Sea during MWP-1A might not be recorded by ice thickness changes at Tucker Glacier. However, our record of ice thickness changes spanning this time period is the closest such record to the outer Ross Sea that is likely to exist, and it agrees with all exposure-age deglaciation chronologies from other regions of the Ross embayment in providing no evidence for such an event.},
	keywords = {Antarctica, cosmogenic-nuclide geochemistry, exposure-dating, glacial geology, Last glacial maximum, Ross Sea, Tucker Glacier, Victoria Land},
	issn = {0002-9599},
	doi = {10.2475/04.2019.01},
	url = {http://www.ajsonline.org/lookup/doi/10.2475/04.2019.01},
	author = {Balco, Greg and Todd, Claire and Goehring, Brent M. and Moening-Swanson, Isaac and Nichols, Keir}
}
@article {2744,
	title = {Holocene sea-level variability from Chesapeake Bay Tidal Marshes, USA},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Dec-11-2020},
	pages = {1679 - 1693},
	abstract = {We reconstructed the last 10,000 years of Holocene relative sea-level rise (RSLR) from sediment core records near Chesapeake Bay, eastern United States, including new marsh records from the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers, Virginia. Results show mean RSLR rates of 2.6 mm yr-1 from 10 to 8 kilo-annum (ka) due to combined final ice-sheet melting during deglaciation and glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA subsidence). Mean RSLR rates from ~6 ka to present were 1.4 mm yr-1 due mainly to GIA, consistent with other East Coast marsh records and geophysical models. However, a progressively slower mean rate (<1.0 mm yr-1) characterized the last 1000 years when a multi-century-long period of tidal marsh development occurred during the {\textquoteleft}Medieval Climate Anomaly{\textquoteright} (MCA) and {\textquoteleft}Little Ice Age{\textquoteright} (LIA) in the Chesapeake Bay region and other East Coast marshes. This decrease was most likely due to climatic and glaciological processes and, correcting for GIA, represents a fall in global mean sea level (GMSL) near the end of Holocene Neoglacial cooling. These pre-historical climate- and GIA-driven Chesapeake Bay sea-level changes contrast sharply with those based on Chesapeake Bay tide-gauge rates (3.1{\textendash}4.5 mm yr-1) (back to 1903). After subtracting the GIA subsidence component, these rates can be attributed to long-term (millennial) global factors of accelerated ocean thermal expansion (~1.0 mm yr-1) and mass loss from alpine glaciers and Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets (1.5{\textendash}2.0 mm yr-1).},
	keywords = {chesapeake bay, Foraminifera, Holocene, sea level, tidal marsh, US East Coast},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683619862028},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683619862028},
	author = {Cronin, Thomas M and Clevenger, Megan K and Tibert, Neil E and Prescott, Tammy and Toomey, Michael and Hubeny, J Bradford and Abbott, Mark B and Seidenstein, Julia and Whitworth, Hannah and Fisher, Sam and Wondolowski, Nick and Ruefer, Anna}
}
@article { ISI:000474318200011,
	title = {Holocene temperature history of northwest Greenland - With new ice cap constraints and chironomid assemblages from Deltaso},
	journal = {QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS},
	volume = {215},
	year = {2019},
	month = {JUL 1},
	pages = {160-172},
	abstract = {Arctic temperature shifts drive changes in carbon cycling, sea ice extent and Greenland Ice Sheet mass balance, all of which have global ramifications. Paleoclimate data from past warm periods provide a unique means for assessing the sensitivity of these systems to warming climate, but the magnitude and timing of past temperature changes in many parts of the Arctic are poorly known. Here we assess orbital scale Holocene temperature change in northwest Greenland near the margin of the ice sheet using subfossil insect assemblages from lake Deltaso. Based upon sedimentation history in this currently proglacial lake, we also place constraints on Holocene extents of the adjacent North Ice Cap, a large independent ice cap. Reconstructed summer temperatures were warmer than present at the onset of lacustrine sedimentation following regional deglaciation by the Greenland Ice Sheet, sometime between 10.8 and 10.1 ka BP. Deltaso experienced the warmest summer temperatures of the Holocene between similar to 10 and 6.2 ka BP, followed by progressive cooling that continued through the late Holocene as summer insolation declined, culminating in the lowest temperatures during the pre-industrial last millennium. Deltaso chironomids indicate peak early Holocene summer temperatures at least 2.5-3 degrees C warmer than modern and at least 3.5-4 degrees C warmer than the pre-industrial last millennium. We infer based upon lake sediment organic and biogenic content that in response to declining temperatures, North Ice Cap reached its present-day size similar to 1850 AD, having been smaller than present through most of the preceding Holocene. Our synthesis of paleoclimate evidence from northwest Greenland, Ellesmere Island and northern Baffin Bay supports the timing of temperature trends inferred at Deltaso, and suggests that quantitative temperature reconstructions from Deltas(?) may represent a minimum bound on regional early Holocene warming. Collectively, records from the region indicate >4 degrees C summer cooling through the Holocene. Intense early Holocene warmth around northwest Greenland argues against delayed onset of warmer than -present conditions due to the influence of the nearby waning Laurentide Ice Sheet, and has implications for understanding the Greenland Ice Sheet{\textquoteright}s sensitivity to climate change. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.05.011},
	author = {Axford, Y. and Lasher, G. E. and Kelly, M. A. and Osterberg, E. C. and Landis, J. and Schellinger, G. C. and Pfeiffer, A. and Thompson, E. and Francis, D. R.}
}
@article {2664,
	title = {Illuminating microbial species-specific effects on organic matter remineralization in marine sediments},
	journal = {Environmental Microbiology},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Oct-12-2019},
	issn = {1462-2912},
	doi = {10.1111/1462-2920.14871},
	url = {https://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\&SrcApp=search\&SrcAuth=Alerting\&SID=7Bytr67Z6qAbafBcvVL\&customersID=Alerting\&mode=FullRecord\&IsProductCode=Yes\&AlertId=ab9062f8-b111-4f95-},
	author = {Mahmoudi, Nagissa and Enke, Tim N. and Beaupr{\'e}, Steven R. and Teske, Andreas P. and Cordero, Otto X. and Pearson, Ann}
}
@article {2712,
	title = {In situ cosmogenic 3He and 36Cl and radiocarbon dating of volcanic deposits refine the Pleistocene and Holocene eruption chronology of SW Peru},
	journal = {Bulletin of Volcanology},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-11-2019},
	abstract = {Constraining the age of young lavas, which generally fall outside the effective range of traditional geochronology methods, remains a key challenge in volcanology, limiting the development of high-resolution eruption chronologies. We present an in situ cosmogenic 3He and 36Cl surface-exposure chronology, alongside new minimum-limiting 14C ages, documenting young eruptions at five sites in the Western Cordillera, southern Peru. Four 3He-dated lavas on the Nevado Coropuna volcanic complex (hitherto thought to be dormant) indicate that the central dome cluster is young and potentially active; two Holocene lavas on the easternmost dome are the youngest directly dated lavas in Peru to date. East of Coropuna, lava domes and block-lava flows represent the most extensive output to date of Nevado Sabancaya, one of Peru{\textquoteright}s most active volcanoes. Two 3He measurements confirm the Holocene age of these deposits and expand the chronology for one of the youngest major lava fields in Peru. 36Cl surface-exposure ages from the Purupurini dome cluster and Nevado Casiri document middle-late-Holocene episodes of effusive activity, while basal 14C ages from a lava-dammed wetland constrain an effusive eruption at Mina Arcata, north of Coropuna, to the late-glacial period. These new data advance the recent Western Cordillera volcanic record whilst demonstrating both the considerable potential and fundamental limitations of cosmogenic surface-exposure methods for such applications.},
	issn = {0258-8900},
	doi = {10.1007/s00445-019-1325-6},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00445-019-1325-6},
	author = {Bromley, Gordon R. M. and Thouret, Jean-Claude and Schimmelpfennig, Irene and Mari{\~n}o, Jersy and Valdivia, David and Rademaker, Kurt and del Pilar Vivanco Lopez, Socorro and Team, ASTER and Auma{\^\i}tre, Georges and Bourl{\`e}s, Didier and Keddadouche, Karim}
}
@article {2756,
	title = {Intense Hurricane Activity Over the Past 1500 Years at South Andros Island, The Bahamas},
	journal = {Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2019},
	month = {May-11-2021},
	pages = {1761 - 1783},
	abstract = {Hurricanes cause substantial loss of life and resources in coastal areas. Unfortunately, historical hurricane records are too short and incomplete to capture hurricane-climate interactions on multi-decadal and longer timescales. Coarse-grained, hurricane-induced deposits preserved in blue holes in the Caribbean can provide records of past hurricane activity extending back thousands of years. Here we present a high resolution record of intense hurricane events over the past 1500 years from a blue hole on South Andros Island on the Great Bahama Bank. This record is corroborated by shorter reconstructions from cores collected at two nearby blue holes. The record contains coarse-grained event deposits attributable to known historical hurricane strikes within age uncertainties. Over the past 1500 years, South Andros shows evidence of four active periods of hurricane activity. None of these active intervals occurred in the past 163 years. We suggest that Intertropical Convergence Zone position modulates hurricane activity on the island based on a correlation with Cariaco Basin titanium concentrations. An anomalous gap in activity on South Andros Island in the early 13th century corresponds to a period of increased volcanism. The patterns of hurricane activity reconstructed from South Andros Island closely match those from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico but are anti-phased with records from New England. We suggest that either changes in local environmental conditions (e.g., SSTs) or a northeastward shift in storm tracks can account for the increased activity in the western North Atlantic when the Gulf of Mexico and southeastern Caribbean are less active.},
	issn = {2572-4517},
	doi = {10.1029/2019PA003665},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2019PA003665},
	author = {Wallace, E. J. and Donnelly, J. P. and Hengstum, P. J. and Wiman, C. and Sullivan, R. M. and Winkler, T. S. and d{\textquoteright}Entremont, N. E. and Toomey, M. and Albury, N.}
}
@article {2743,
	title = {The Mighty Susquehanna{\textemdash}Extreme Floods in Eastern North America During the Past Two Millennia},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Apr-03-2021},
	pages = {3398 - 3407},
	abstract = {The hazards posed by infrequent major floods to communities along the Susquehanna River and the ecological health of Chesapeake Bay remain largely unconstrained due to the short length of streamgage records. Here we develop a history of high-flow events on the Susquehanna River during the late Holocene from flood deposits contained in MD99-2209, a sediment core recovered in 26 m of water from Chesapeake Bay near Annapolis, Maryland, United States. We identify coarse-grained deposits left by Hurricane Agnes (1972) and the Great Flood of 1936, as well as during three intervals that predate instrumental flood records (~1800{\textendash}1500, 1300{\textendash}1100, and 400{\textendash}0 CE). Comparison to sedimentary proxy data (pollen and ostracode Mg/Ca ratios) from the same core site indicates that prehistoric flooding on the Susquehanna often accompanied cooler-than-usual winter/spring temperatures near Chesapeake Bay{\textemdash}typical of negative phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation and conditions thought to foster hurricane landfalls along the East Coast.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2018GL080890},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018GL080890},
	author = {Toomey, Michael and Cantwell, Meagan and Colman, Steven and Cronin, Thomas and Donnelly, Jeffrey and Giosan, Liviu and Heil, Clifford and Korty, Robert and Marot, Marci and Willard, Debra}
}
@article {2794,
	title = {New Last Glacial Maximum ice thickness constraints for the Weddell Sea Embayment, Antarctica},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-01-2019},
	pages = {2935 - 2951},
	abstract = {We describe new Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ice thickness constraints for three locations spanning the Weddell Sea Embayment (WSE) of Antarctica. Samples collected from the Shackleton Range, Pensacola Mountains, and the Lassiter Coast constrain the LGM thickness of the Slessor Glacier, Foundation Ice Stream, and grounded ice proximal to the modern Ronne Ice Shelf edge on the Antarctic Peninsula, respectively. Previous attempts to reconstruct LGM-to-present ice thickness changes around the WSE used measurements of long-lived cosmogenic nuclides, primarily Be-10. An absence of post-LGM apparent exposure ages at many sites led to LGM thickness reconstructions that were spatially highly variable and inconsistent with flow line modelling. Estimates for the contribution of the ice sheet occupying the WSE at the LGM to global sea level since deglaciation vary by an order of magnitude, from 1.4 to 14.1m of sea level equivalent. Here we use a short-lived cosmogenic nuclide, in situ-produced C-14, which is less susceptible to inheritance problems than Be-10 and other long-lived nuclides. We use in situ C-14 to evaluate the possibility that sites with no post-LGM exposure ages are biased by cosmogenic nuclide inheritance due to surface preservation by cold-based ice and non-deposition of LGM-aged drift. Our measurements show that the Slessor Glacier was between 310 and up to 655m thicker than present at the LGM. The Foundation Ice Stream was at least 800m thicker, and ice on the Lassiter Coast was at least 385m thicker than present at the LGM. With evidence for LGM thickening at all of our study sites, our in situ C-14 measurements indicate that the long-lived nuclide measurements of previous studies were influenced by cosmogenic nuclide inheritance. Our inferred LGM configuration, which is primarily based on minimum ice thickness constraints and thus does not constrain an upper limit, indicates a relatively modest contribution to sea level rise since the LGM of < 4.6 m, and possibly as little as < 1.5 m.},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-13-2935-2019},
	url = {http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/526081/},
	author = {Nichols, Keir A. and Goehring, Brent M. and Balco, Greg and Johnson, Joanne S. and Hein, Andrew S. and Todd, Claire}
}
@article {2644,
	title = {Upwelling in the Ocean Basins North of the ACC: 1. On the Upwelling Exposed by the Surface Distribution of C-14},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},
	volume = {124},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Apr-04-2020},
	pages = {2591 - 2608},
	abstract = {he upwelling associated with the ocean{\textquoteright}s overturning circulation is hard to observe directly. Here, a large data set of surface C-14 measurements is compiled in order to show where deep water is brought back up to the surface in the ocean basins north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Maps constructed from the data set show that low-C-14 deep water from the ACC is drawn up to the surface in or near the upwelling zones off Northwest Africa and Namibia in the Atlantic, off Costa Rica and Peru in the Pacific, and in the northern Arabian Sea in the Indian Ocean. Deep water also seems to be reaching the surface in the subarctic Pacific gyre near the Kamchatka Peninsula. The low-C-14 water drawn up to the surface in the upwelling zones is also shown to spread across the ocean basins. It is easily seen, for example, in the western Atlantic off Florida and in the western Pacific off New Guinea and Palau. The spreading allows one to estimate the volumes of upwelling, which, it turns out, are similar to the volumes of large-scale upwelling derived from inverse box models. This means that very large volumes of cool subsurface water are reaching the surface in and near the upwelling zonesmuch larger volumes than would be expected from the local winds.

Plain Language Summary The deep layers of the ocean are filled with cold dense water that sinks from the surface near Antarctica and in the northern North Atlantic. This process is understood reasonably well. The countervailing processthe way that the dense water is brought back up to the surfaceis not as well understood. Oceanographers now agree that the ocean{\textquoteright}s deep water is drawn back up to the surface (upwelled) mainly around Antarctica as part of the wind-driven overturning in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). But cool water is also known to reach the surface in upwelling zones around the ocean{\textquoteright}s margins. Here we map the upwelling north of the ACC with the radioactive isotope carbon-14 and show that the deep water upwelled to the surface around Antarctica seems to be drawn up to the surface a second time in the upwelling zones. The water drawn up to the surface in the upwelling zones then flows back to the North Atlantic and sinks again to complete the cycle.},
	keywords = {Ocean circulation, overturning circulation, radiocarbon, Upwelling},
	issn = {2169-9275},
	doi = {10.1029/2018JC014794},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018JC014794},
	author = {Toggweiler, J. R. and Druffel, Ellen R. M. and Key, Robert M. and Galbraith, Eric D.}
}
@article {2645,
	title = {Upwelling in the Ocean Basins North of the ACC: 2. How Cool Subantarctic Water Reaches the Surface in the Tropics},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},
	volume = {124},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Apr-04-2020},
	pages = {2609 - 2625},
	abstract = {Large volumes of cool water are drawn up to the surface in the tropical oceans. A companion paper shows that the cool water reaches the surface in or near the upwelling zones off northern and southern Africa and Peru. The cool water has a subantarctic origin and spreads extensively across the Atlantic and Pacific basins after it reaches the surface. Here, we look at the spreading in two low-resolution ocean general circulation models and find that the spreading in the models is much less extensive than observed. The problem seems to be the way the upwelling and the spreading are connected (or not connected) to the ocean{\textquoteright}s large-scale overturning. As proposed here, the cool upwelling develops when warm buoyant water in the western tropics is drawn away to become deep water in the North Atlantic. The drawing away shoals the tropical thermocline in a way that allows cool subantarctic water to be drawn up to the surface along the eastern margins. The amounts of upwelling produced this way exceed the amounts generated by the winds in the upwelling zones by as much as 4 times. Flow restrictions make it difficult for the warm buoyant water in our models to be drawn away.

Plain Language Summary A companion paper uses the radioactive isotope carbon-14 to map the upwelling in the ocean basins north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). It shows that deep water drawn up to the surface to the south of the ACC is drawn up to the surface a second time in a number of upwelling areas in the tropics. In this paper, we attempt to simulate the tropical upwelling in an ocean circulation model and find that it is largely missing. Other circulation features are missing as well. The other features operate on the opposite sides of the ocean basins from the upwelling areas and help carry warm water out of the tropics (outflows). The combination of missing elements leads to a hypothesis about the upwelling mechanism. Our hypothesis is that the tropical upwelling is driven by the outflows and the fact that the warm water being carried away ultimately becomes deep water again in the North Atlantic.},
	keywords = {numerical modeling, Ocean circulation, overturning circulation, Upwelling},
	issn = {2169-9275},
	doi = {10.1029/2018JC014795},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331524382_Upwelling_in_the_Ocean_Basins_north_of_the_ACC_Part_1_On_the_Upwelling_Exposed_by_the_Surface_Distribution_of_D_14_C},
	author = {Toggweiler, J. R. and Druffel, Ellen R. M. and Key, Robert M. and Galbraith, Eric D.}
}
@book {2720,
	title = {The Utility of Stable and Radioisotopes in Fish Tissues as Biogeochemical Tracers of Marine Oil Spill Food Web Effects},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {219 - 238},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	organization = {Springer International Publishing},
	address = {Cham},
	abstract = {Direct exposure to petroleum compounds was widely reported for a variety of taxa following the DWH. Evidence of exposure ranged from oiling of skin, shells, or feathers, depending on the taxa, to observation of ingested oil in small translucent, invertebrates, to biomarkers of petroleum compounds within an organism{\textquoteright}s tissues, such as PAHs in the hepatopancreas of invertebrates or the liver of fishes, or metabolic products of PAH catabolism in the bile of various vertebrate taxa. Development of natural biogeochemical tracers to examine indirect effects, especially over long (months to years) time scales, can be much more problematic. In this chapter, we describe the utility of employing stable isotopes and radioisotopes to 1) examine whether food web effects can be inferred from shifts in stable isotope values measured in vertebrate taxa; 2) examine the assimilation and trophic transfer of petrocarbon in marine food webs; and, 3) serve as long-term biogeochemical tracers either of petrocarbon assimilation or trophic shifts that are indicative of food web effects of marine oil spills. Data and analyses are largely drawn from DWH-related studies but with broader implications to marine oil spills in general.},
	keywords = {Petrocarbon, radiocarbon, Reef fish, Stable isotopes},
	isbn = {978-3-030-12962-0},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-12963-710.1007/978-3-030-12963-7_13},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-12963-7_13},
	author = {Patterson III, William F. and Chanton, Jeffery P. and Hollander, David J. and Goddard, Ethan A. and Barnett, Beverly K. and Tarnecki, Joseph H.},
	editor = {Murawski, Steven A. and Ainsworth, Cameron H. and Gilbert, Sherryl and Hollander, David J. and Paris, Claire B. and Schl{\"u}ter, Michael and Wetzel, Dana L.}
}
@article {2864,
	title = {Active Ooid Growth Driven By Sediment Transport in a High-Energy Shoal, Little Ambergris Cay, Turks and Caicos Islands},
	journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Research},
	volume = {88},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jun-09-2020},
	pages = {1132 - 1151},
	abstract = {Ooids are a common component of carbonate successions of all ages and present significant potential as paleoenvironmental proxies, if the mechanisms that control their formation and growth can be understood quantitatively. There are a number of hypotheses about the controls on ooid growth, each offering different ideas on where and how ooids accrete and what role, if any, sediment transport and abrasion might play. These hypotheses have not been well tested in the field, largely due to the inherent challenges of tracking individual grains over long timescales. This study presents a detailed field test of ooid-growth hypotheses on Little Ambergris Cay in the Turks and Caicos Islands, British Overseas Territories. This field site is characterized by westward net sediment transport from waves driven by persistent easterly trade winds. This configuration makes it possible to track changes in ooid properties along their transport path as a proxy for changes in time. Ooid size, shape, and radiocarbon age were compared along this path to determine in which environments ooids are growing or abrading. Ooid surface textures, petrographic fabrics, stable-isotope compositions (δ13C, δ18O, and δ34S), lipid geochemistry, and genetic data were compared to characterize mechanisms of precipitation and degradation and to determine the relative contributions of abiotic (e.g., abiotic precipitation, physical abrasion) and biologically influenced processes (e.g., biologically mediated precipitation, fabric destruction through microbial microboring and micritization) to grain size and character. A convergence of evidence shows that active ooid growth occurs along the transport path in a high-energy shoal environment characterized by frequent suspended-load transport: median ooid size increases by more than 100 μm and bulk radiocarbon ages decrease by 360 yr westward along the \~{} 20 km length of the shoal crest. Lipid and 16S rRNA data highlight a spatial disconnect between the environments with the most extensive biofilm colonization and environments with active ooid growth. Stable-isotope compositions are indistinguishable among samples, and are consistent with abiotic precipitation of aragonite from seawater. Westward increases in ooid sphericity and the abundance of well-polished ooids illustrate that ooids experience subequal amounts of growth and abrasion{\textemdash}in favor of net growth{\textemdash}as they are transported along the shoal crest. Overall, these results demonstrate that, in the Ambergris system, the mechanism of ooid growth is dominantly abiotic and the loci of ooid growth is determined by both carbonate saturation and sediment transport mode. Microbes play a largely destructive, rather than constructive, role in ooid size and fabric.},
	issn = {1527-1404},
	doi = {10.2110/jsr.2018.59},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/sepm/jsedres/article/88/9/1132/559083/Active-Ooid-Growth-Driven-By-Sediment-Transport-in},
	author = {Trower, Elizabeth J. and Cantine, Marjorie D. and Gomes, Maya L. and Grotzinger, John P. and Knoll, Andrew H. and Lamb, Michael P. and Lingappa, Usha and O{\textquoteright}Reilly, Shane S. and Present, Theodore M. and Stein, Nathan and Strauss, Justin V. and Fischer, Woodward W.}
}
@article {2755,
	title = {Climatic control of Mississippi River flood hazard amplified by river engineering},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {556},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-04-2018},
	pages = {95 - 98},
	abstract = {Over the past century, many of the world{\textquoteright}s major rivers have been modified for the purposes of flood mitigation, power generation and commercial navigation1. Engineering modifications to the Mississippi River system have altered the river{\textquoteright}s sediment levels and channel morphology2, but the influence of these modifications on flood hazard is debated3,4,5. Detecting and attributing changes in river discharge is challenging because instrumental streamflow records are often too short to evaluate the range of natural hydrological variability before the establishment of flood mitigation infrastructure. Here we show that multi-decadal trends of flood hazard on the lower Mississippi River are strongly modulated by dynamical modes of climate variability, particularly the El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, but that the artificial channelization (confinement to a straightened channel) has greatly amplified flood magnitudes over the past century. Our results, based on a multi-proxy reconstruction of flood frequency and magnitude spanning the past 500 years, reveal that the magnitude of the 100-year flood (a flood with a 1 per cent chance of being exceeded in any year) has increased by 20 per cent over those five centuries, with about 75 per cent of this increase attributed to river engineering. We conclude that the interaction of human alterations to the Mississippi River system with dynamical modes of climate variability has elevated the current flood hazard to levels that are unprecedented within the past five centuries.},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature26145},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/nature26145},
	author = {Munoz, Samuel E. and Giosan, Liviu and Therrell, Matthew D. and Remo, Jonathan W. F. and Shen, Zhixiong and Sullivan, Richard M. and Wiman, Charlotte and O{\textquoteright}Donnell, Michelle and Donnelly, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {2753,
	title = {Drought in the northern Bahamas from 3300 to 2500 years ago},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {186},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-04-2018},
	pages = {169 - 185},
	abstract = {Intensification and western displacement of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH) is projected for this century, which can decrease Caribbean and southeastern American rainfall on seasonal and annual timescales. However, additional hydroclimate records are needed from the northern Caribbean to understand the long-term behavior of the NASH, and better forecast its future behavior. Here we present a multi-proxy sinkhole lake reconstruction from a carbonate island that is proximal to the NASH (Abaco Island, The Bahamas). The reconstruction indicates the northern Bahamas experienced a drought from \~{}3300 to \~{}2500 Cal yrs BP, which coincides with evidence from other hydroclimate and oceanographic records (e.g., Africa, Caribbean, and South America) for a synchronous southern displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and North Atlantic Hadley Cell. The specific cause of the hydroclimate change in the northeastern Caribbean region from \~{}3300 to 2500 Cal yrs BP was probably coeval southern or western displacement of the NASH, which would have increased northeastern Caribbean exposure to subsiding air from higher altitudes.},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.02.014},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379117306273},
	author = {van Hengstum, Peter J. and Maale, Gerhard and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Albury, Nancy A. and Onac, Bogdan P. and Sullivan, Richard M. and Winkler, Tyler S. and Tamalavage, Anne E. and MacDonald, Dana}
}
@article {2841,
	title = {Fossil Fuel Combustion Emission From South Asia Influences Precipitation Dissolved Organic Carbon Reaching the Remote Tibetan Plateau: Isotopic and Molecular Evidence},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Apr-06-2019},
	pages = {6248 - 6258},
	abstract = {The dissolved organic carbon in precipitation (water-soluble organic carbon, WSOC) can provide a carbon subsidy to receiving ecosystems. The concentrations, isotopic signatures (δ13C/Δ14C), and molecular signatures (transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry) of WSOC being delivered to Nam Co{\textemdash}a remote site on the inland Tibetan Plateau (TP){\textemdash}were compared to those of WSOC in the snowpack, and in wet deposition from urban cities fringing the TP. The average WSOC concentration at Nam Co (1.0 {\textpm} 0.9 mg C L-1) was lower than for the large cities (1.6 to 2.3 mg C L-1) but higher than in the snowpack samples (0.26 {\textpm} 0.09 mg C L-1). Based upon radiocarbon data, it is estimated that 15 {\textpm} 6\% of Nam Co WSOC was fossil derived, increasing to 20 {\textpm} 8\% for snowpack WSOC, 29 {\textpm} 4\% for Lhasa WSOC, and 34 {\textpm} 8\% for the three cities. Transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry results revealed that the abundance of dissolved black carbon and sulfur-containing molecules of WSOC increased in the order Nam Co < snow pack < urban. The enrichment in 14C and depletion in dissolved black carbon and sulfurous organic molecules of Nam Co WSOC was suggestive of low, but still detectable inputs of fossil-derived organics to WSOC on the remote TP. Backward air mass trajectories for the precipitation events at Nam Co suggested that the fossil fuel contributions to WSOC in Nam Co region originated mainly from South Asia. This study provides novel radiocarbon age, chemistry, and source evidence that anthropogenic WSOC is delivered to the remote TP, one of the most remote regions on Earth.},
	doi = {10.1029/2017JD028181},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2017JD028181},
	author = {Li, Chaoliu and Chen, Pengfei and Kang, Shichang and Yan, Fangping and Tripathee, Lekhendra and Wu, Guangjian and Qu, Bin and Sillanp{\"a}{\"a}, Mika and Yang, Di and Dittmar, Thorsten and Stubbins, Aron and Raymond, Peter A.}
}
@article {2727,
	title = {On the Holocene evolution of the Ayeyawady megadelta},
	journal = {Earth Surface Dynamics},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-01-2018},
	pages = {451 - 466},
	abstract = {The Ayeyawady delta is the last Asian megadelta whose evolution has remained essentially unexplored so far. Unlike most other deltas across the world, the Ayeyawady has not yet been affected by dam construction, providing a unique view on largely natural deltaic processes benefiting from abundant sediment loads affected by tectonics and monsoon hydroclimate. To alleviate the information gap and provide a baseline for future work, here we provide a first model for the Holocene development of this megadelta based on drill core sediments collected in 2016 and 2017, dated with radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence, together with a reevaluation of published maps, charts and scientific literature. Altogether, these data indicate that Ayeyawady is a mud-dominated delta with tidal and wave influences. The sediment-rich Ayeyawady River built meander belt alluvial ridges with avulsive characters. A more advanced coast in the western half of the delta (i.e., the Pathein lobe) was probably favored by the more western location of the early course of the river. Radiogenic isotopic fingerprinting of the sediment suggests that the Pathein lobe coast does not receive significant sediment from neighboring rivers. However, the eastern region of the delta (i.e., Yangon lobe) is offset inland and extends east into the mudflats of the Sittaung estuary. Wave-built beach ridge construction during the late Holocene, similar to several other deltas across the Indian monsoon domain, suggests a common climatic control on monsoonal delta morphodynamics through variability in discharge, changes in wave climate or both. Correlation of the delta morphological and stratigraphic architecture information on land with the shelf bathymetry, as well as its tectonic, sedimentary and hydrodynamic characteristics, provides insight on the peculiar growth style of the Ayeyawady delta. The offset between the western Pathein lobe and the eastern deltaic coast appears to be driven by tectonic{\textendash}hydrodynamic feedbacks as the extensionally lowered shelf block of the Gulf of Mottama amplifies tidal currents relative to the western part of the shelf. This situation probably activates a perennial shear front between the two regions that acts as a leaky energy fence. Just as importantly, the strong currents in the Gulf of Mottama act as an offshore-directed tidal pump that helps build the deep mid-shelf Mottama clinoform with mixed sediments from the Ayeyawady, Sittaung and Thanlwin rivers. The highly energetic tidal, wind and wave regime of the northern Andaman Sea thus exports most sediment offshore despite the large load of the Ayeyawady River.},
	doi = {10.5194/esurf-6-451-201810.5194/esurf-6-451-2018-supplement},
	url = {https://esurf.copernicus.org/articles/6/451/2018},
	author = {Giosan, Liviu and Naing, Thet and Min Tun, Myo and Clift, Peter D. and Filip, Florin and Constantinescu, Stefan and Khonde, Nitesh and Blusztajn, Jerzy and Buylaert, Jan-Pieter and Stevens, Thomas and Thwin, Swe}
}
@article {2899,
	title = {Human use of small forage fish: Improved ancient DNA species identification techniques reveal long term record of sustainable mass harvesting of smelt fishery in the northeast Pacific Rim},
	journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science},
	volume = {99},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-11-2018},
	pages = {143 - 152},
	abstract = {The bulk storage and mass capture of small forage fish has played a primary role in the cultural traditions and subsistence practices of many ancient and modern indigenous communities throughout the world. Archaeologists are improving their recognition of human interaction with these fisheries through the application of fine-mesh screening techniques and ichthyofaunal analysis of fish bone. Because of the differing life histories of many of these fish, determining their species from archaeological contexts can improve our resolution of past harvesting and consumption patterns. This has remained a challenge for many categories of fish, such as salmon and smelt. Here, we present an improved genetic species identification process that utilizes ancient DNA amplification techniques involving a reagent-rich PCR protocol (i.e., {\textquotedblleft}Rescue PCR{\textquotedblright}) and a PCR Enhancer Cocktail P (i.e., PEC-P) to identify smelt and other forage fish bone from five archaeological sites located along the northern California (United States) Pacific coast dating to the Late Period (after 1300 cal BP). Through the application of these novel techniques, our species identification success rate increased to 71.2\% overall, with some sites having a remarkable 100\% success rate. We identified the species of 104 of 146 fish vertebrae, and determined that inhabitants at these sites harvested primarily surf smelt with potentially less emphasis on night smelt. Observations of herring, perch, sculpin and rainbow trout/steelhead were also made. Along with these small surf fish, we found evidence of larger fish such as shark and Pacific hake (common predatory fish in the area). The study demonstrates a significant breakthrough in ancient DNA identification techniques that resulted in information that speak to the long term continuity of use of mass harvested forage fish by indigenous peoples. The results of this project help establish a better understanding of subsistence and cultural traditions of northern California indigenous communities, with the potential to provide a more global understanding of fishing technologies, sustainability, and mass harvesting of small fishes.},
	keywords = {aDNA, Ichythyarchaeology, Northern California, Smelt, Species identification},
	issn = {03054403},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jas.2018.09.014},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305440318303340},
	author = {Palmer, Erica and Tushingham, Shannon and Kemp, Brian M.}
}
@article {2627,
	title = {Late Pleistocene to Holocene productivity changes in the western equatorial Pacific (Sulu Sea, Philippines) from calcareous nannofossils},
	journal = {Marine Micropaleontology},
	volume = {143},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-09-2018},
	pages = {1 - 11},
	abstract = {We present a new calcareous nannofossil paleoproductivity reconstruction of the southeastern margin of the Sulu Sea to understand how marine productivity varied through time in one of the major fishing grounds of the Philippine archipelago. The study is based on two sediment cores obtained from two different hydrographic locations in the western equatorial Pacific region: an upwelling region off Zamboanga Peninsula (U-GC12) and a non-upwelling area off Panay Island (NU-GC14), covering the past 18,000 years before present (B.P.). Calcareous nannofossil assemblages in the investigated areas were of low diversity and largely dominated by Gephyrocapsa oceanica and Florisphaera profwida, followed by small placolith-bearing taxa, Emiliania hwcleyi, small Gephyrocapsa, and Reticulofenestra minuta. Upwelling episodes off the Zamboanga Peninsula were recorded several times in the past as shown by an increase in the abundance of high productivity indicator species (G. oceanica, small Gephyrocapsa, E. hwcleyi) and of bulk sediment CaCO3 (\%), and a concomitant decline in the total organic carbon (TOC; \%). The high abundance of low surface water productivity species F. profunda and Umbellosphaera irregularis indicates a stratified water column with a deeper nutricline, probably caused by the reduced upwelling intensity. This condition was corroborated by the decrease in CaCO3 (\%) and an increase in TOC (\%). We propose that the modern day high productivity conditions off Zamboanga Peninsula started at 2500 years B.P., whereas the low productivity off Panay Island was recorded from 4000 years B.P., and persists to the present day. Evidence of the Younger Dryas (YD) event was recorded from 11,100 to 10,400 years B.P. in UGC12, synchronous to the YD event reported from other areas in the Northern Hemisphere, and in accordance with the timing in the Sulu Sea as reported from previous studies in this region. This event in the Sulu Sea is characterized by a decrease in total nannofossil abundance and estimated primary productivity, together with an increase in CaCO3 (\%) and a decrease in TOC (\%). We interpreted that dilution caused by the increase in precipitation experienced in the Southeast Asian region during the YD event could have led to the decline of the total calcareous nannofossils whereas the recorded increase in CaCO3 (\%) is attributed to the high abundance of planktonic foraminifera during this interval.},
	keywords = {arabian sea, EAST-ASIAN MONSOON, GLOBAL YOUNGER-DRYAS, indian-ocean, last deglaciation, OCEANIC PRIMARY PRODUCTION, south china sea, surface sediments, UPWELLING SYSTEM, YR BP},
	issn = {03778398},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marmicro.2018.07.001},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0377839816301219https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0377839816301219?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0377839816301219?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Tangunan, Deborah N. and Peleo-Alampay, Alyssa M.}
}
@article {2611,
	title = {Linear decline in red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) otolith Δ14C extends the utility of the bomb radiocarbon chronometer for fish age validation in the Northern Gulf of Mexico},
	journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science},
	volume = {8870697346588911255202655996472975862129455810210311781289189114143320657330766513996026526319911984699},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Mar-05-2018},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon (D14C) was analyzed in northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM) red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) otolith cores (n{\textonequarter}23), otolith
edge samples (n{\textonequarter}12), and whole age-0 otoliths (n{\textonequarter}9), with edge samples and whole age-0 otoliths constituting known-age samples.
There was no significant difference in the linear relationship of D14C versus year of formation between regional corals and known-age otolith
samples, and a linear regression fit to the combined data from 1980 to 2015 extends the utility of the bomb radiocarbon chronometer
for age validation. The entire regional coral and known-age otolith data set (1940 to 2015) was then utilized as a reference series to validate
otolith-derived red snapper age estimates for cored otolith samples. A loess regression was fit to the reference data and then the sum
of squared residuals (SSR) was computed from predicted versus observed birth years for cored adult otolith samples. This process was
then repeated for ages biased 61{\textendash}4 years. Ages with no bias applied had the lowest SSR, thus validating red snapper age estimates and
demonstrating the utility of the combined regional coral and known-age red snapper otolith D14C time series for age validation of nGOM
marine fishes.},
	keywords = {Age validation, otoliths, radiocarbon, red snapper},
	issn = {1054-3139},
	doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsy043},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/advance-article/doi/10.1093/icesjms/fsy043/4992258http://academic.oup.com/icesjms/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/icesjms/fsy043/24775644/fsy043.pdf},
	author = {Barnett, Beverly K and Thornton, Laura and Allman, Robert and Chanton, Jeffrey P and Patterson, William F}
}
@article {2617,
	title = {Maar sediment  in central Vietnam  Highland  near Pleiku:  An archive of regional  monsoon  intensity? },
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {flood layer, land use, monsoon},
	url = {http://eosvnu.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Schimmelmann_2018_Abstract_7IMC.pdf},
	author = {Schimmelmann, A., H. and Nguyễn-V{\u a}n, D. and Nguyễn-Th{\`u}y, J.P. and Schimmelmann, A.E.K. and Ojala, N. and Nguyễn-{\'A}nh, Q. and Trọng {\DJ}ỗ, D. and Th{\`u}y Nguyễn, P. and H{\`o}a Tạ, V. and Huynh-Kim, N. and Quynh Phạm-Nữ, B. and Zolitschka, I.}
}
@article {2736,
	title = {Menardiiform planktonic foraminifera stratigraphy from Middle Pleistocene to Holocene in the Western South Atlantic},
	journal = {REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PALEONTOLOGIA},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2018},
	month = {May-12-2020},
	pages = {225 - 237},
	abstract = {We studied the Middle Pleistocene to Holocene menardiiform planktonic foraminifera (MPF) stratigraphy in six continuous deep-sea sediment cores recovered from the Brazilian continental slope to evaluate its use in climatic characterization and as a reliable biostratigraphic tool in the western South Atlantic. For this purpose, an important issue was to construct a robust local biochronological framework for the past 772 ky in the western South Atlantic (Santos Basin). The oxygen isotope chronostratigraphic control allowed us to recalibrate the MPF events in the Santos Basin and identify diachronous bioevents. The bio-horizons found in the Santos Basin, such as the V/W and T/U (bio)zone boundaries, were found in a different chronostratigraphic position compared to previous studies. Results indicate that typical cyclic disappearances and reappearances of the MPF are not synchronous throughout the Atlantic Ocean and should not be employed for {\textquoteleft}climatic zonation{\textquoteright}. This asynchronous evidence also provides information on the timing of the mechanisms responsible for the proliferation of these species throughout the Atlantic Ocean. Therefore, we strongly recommend that a local biochronological framework should be used for inter-basin comparisons and also accumulation rate estimates, both for paleoclimatic studies and continental slope geohazard assessment. {\textcopyright} 2018, Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {15197530},
	doi = {10.4072/rbp10.4072/rbp.2018.310.4072/rbp.2018.3.03},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330006751_Menardiiform_planktonic_foraminifera_stratigraphy_from_Middle_Pleistocene_to_Holocene_in_the_Western_South_Atlantic},
	author = {Costa, Karen Badaraco and Camillo Jr, Edmundo and Santarosa, Ana Cl{\'a}udia Aoki and Iwai, Fabiane Sayuri and Quadros, Juliana Pereira de and Leipnitz, Itamar Ivo and Toledo, Felipe Antonio de Lima}
}
@article {2754,
	title = {Organic matter sources and lateral sedimentation in a Bahamian karst basin (sinkhole) over the late Holocene: Influence of local vegetation and climate},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {506},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-10-2018},
	pages = {70 - 83},
	abstract = {Karst basins (e.g., blueholes, sinkholes) accumulate well-preserved sedimentary successions that provide transformative paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental information. However, the sedimentary processes within these basins are not yet fully understood. Here we present stable carbon isotopic values (δ13Corg) and C:N ratios of bulk organic matter in well-dated sediment cores from Blackwood Sinkhole (Abaco, The Bahamas) to investigate the changing flux of organic matter into the sinkhole during the late Holocene. The provenance of preserved organic matter changed through the late Holocene between three primary sources, as determined by three-endmember mixing modeling: wetland organic matter from the adjacent epikarst surface, authigenic primary productivity in the oligohaline meteoric lens, and terrestrial organic matter from the surrounding landscape. Expansion of wetlands on the adjacent epikarst surface played a critical role by increasing the flux of wetland organic matter to the sinkhole, especially during the last 1000 years. Hurricanes and regional rainfall may have mediated organic matter delivery to the benthos, either through hampering wetland development (prior to 1000 cal yr BP) or by changing dissolved nutrient concentrations available in the basin for primary producers. These results demonstrate that organic matter provenance in karst basins is not constant through time, and is significantly dependent upon both landscape vegetation on the epikarst surface and changing hydrographic conditions that impacts nutrient availability to primary producers.},
	keywords = {Caribbean, Karst, Mixing model, Stable isotopes, Subtropical landscape},
	issn = {00310182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.06.014},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031018218300683},
	author = {Tamalavage, Anne E. and van Hengstum, Peter J. and Louchouarn, Patrick and Molodtsov, Sergey and Kaiser, Karl and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Albury, Nancy A. and Fall, Patricia L.}
}
@article {2909,
	title = {Radiocarbon, Cesium-137, Grain Size, and X-ray Fluorescence Data for Tsunami Geology Investigation, Driftwood Bay, Umnak Island, Alaska (2018)},
	year = {2018},
	publisher = {Alaska Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey},
	abstract = {These files provide the complete data release for the paper entitled, "Frequent large tsunamis spanned locked/creeping parts of the Aleutian megathrust." The data set consists of nine tables that include radiocarbon dates, cesium-137 activity, grain size measurements, and scanning X-ray fluorescence element intensity counts.
},
	doi = {10.5066/P9D7KLJV},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.5066/P9D7KLJV},
	author = {Witter, Rob and Gelfenbaum, Guy and Corbett, Reide and Tam, Angela and La Selle, SeanPaul}
}
@article {2738,
	title = {Remobilization of old permafrost carbon to Chukchi Sea sediments during the end of the last deglaciation},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-12-2019},
	abstract = {Climate warming is expected to destabilize permafrost carbon (PF-C) by thaw-erosion and deepening of the seasonally thawed active layer and thereby promote PF-C mineralization to CO2 and CH4. A similar PF-C remobilization might have contributed to the increase in atmospheric CO2 during deglacial warming after the last glacial maximum. Using carbon isotopes and terrestrial biomarkers (Δ14C, δ13C, and lignin phenols), this study quantifies deposition of terrestrial carbon originating from permafrost in sediments from the Chukchi Sea (core SWERUS-L2-4-PC1). The sediment core reconstructs remobilization of permafrost carbon during the late Aller{\o}d warm period starting at 13,000 cal years before present (BP), the Younger Dryas, and the early Holocene warming until 11,000 cal years BP and compares this period with the late Holocene, from 3,650 years BP until present. Dual-carbon-isotope-based source apportionment demonstrates that Ice Complex Deposit{\textemdash}ice- and carbon-rich permafrost from the late Pleistocene (also referred to as Yedoma){\textemdash}was the dominant source of organic carbon (66 {\textpm} 8\%; mean {\textpm} standard deviation) to sediments during the end of the deglaciation, with fluxes more than twice as high (8.0 {\textpm} 4.6 g{\textperiodcentered}m-2{\textperiodcentered}year-1) as in the late Holocene (3.1 {\textpm} 1.0 g{\textperiodcentered}m-2{\textperiodcentered}year-1). These results are consistent with late deglacial PF-C remobilization observed in a Laptev Sea record, yet in contrast with PF-C sources, which at that location were dominated by active layer material from the Lena River watershed. Release of dormant PF-C from erosion of coastal permafrost during the end of the last deglaciation indicates vulnerability of Ice Complex Deposit in response to future warming and sea level changes.},
	keywords = {carbon isotope, climate change feedback, coastal erosion, Deglaciation, past carbon cycling, permafrost},
	issn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2018GB005969},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018GB005969https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018GB005969https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029\%2F2018GB005969https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018GB005969},
	author = {Martens, Jannik and Wild, Birgit and Pearce, Christof and Tesi, Tommaso and Andersson, August and Broder, Lisa and O{\textquoteright}Regan, Matt and Jakobsson, Martin and Sk{\"o}ld, Martin and Gemery, Laura and Cronin, Thomas M. and Semiletov, Igor and Dudarev, Oleg V. and Gustafsson, {\"O}rjan}
}
@article {2725,
	title = {Tropical peatland carbon storage linked to global latitudinal trends in peat recalcitrance},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-12-2018},
	abstract = {Peatlands represent large terrestrial carbon banks. Given that most peat accumulates in boreal regions, where low temperatures and water saturation preserve organic matter, the existence of peat in (sub)tropical regions remains enigmatic. Here we examined peat and plant chemistry across a latitudinal transect from the Arctic to the tropics. Near-surface low-latitude peat has lower carbohydrate and greater aromatic content than near-surface high-latitude peat, creating a reduced oxidation state and resulting recalcitrance. This recalcitrance allows peat to persist in the (sub)tropics despite warm temperatures. Because we observed similar declines in carbohydrate content with depth in high-latitude peat, our data explain recent field-scale deep peat warming experiments in which catotelm (deeper) peat remained stable despite temperature increases up to 9 {\textdegree}C. We suggest that high-latitude deep peat reservoirs may be stabilized in the face of climate change by their ultimately lower carbohydrate and higher aromatic composition, similar to tropical peats.},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-06050-2},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-06050-2},
	author = {Hodgkins, Suzanne B. and Richardson, Curtis J. and Dommain, Ren{\'e} and Wang, Hongjun and Glaser, Paul H. and Verbeke, Brittany and Winkler, B. Rose and Cobb, Alexander R. and Rich, Virginia I. and Missilmani, Malak and Flanagan, Neal and Ho, Mengchi and Hoyt, Alison M. and Harvey, Charles F. and Vining, S. Rose and Hough, Moira A. and Moore, Tim R. and Richard, Pierre J. H. and De La Cruz, Florentino B. and Toufaily, Joumana and Hamdan, Rasha and Cooper, William T. and Chanton, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {2609,
	title = {ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC EUTROPHICATION ON MARINE BIVALVE LIFE HISTORY IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO},
	journal = {PALAIOS},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Feb-11-2018},
	pages = {678 - 688},
	abstract = {Natural and anthropogenic eutrophication can increase food supply to basal consumers in aquatic food webs. All else being equal, increased food supply is expected to relax life history trade-offs between egg size and number, resulting in a reduction in egg size over time as individuals that produce more numerous, small eggs exhibit greater fitness. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the sizes of larval shells (PI) of the marine bivalve Nuculana acuta in living and death assemblages collected from surficial seafloor sediments on the Alabama continental shelf; PI size is positively correlated with egg size and can be measured from adult shells. We found that the mean PI size of living N. acuta was approximately three microns smaller than that of the associated death assemblage and that this difference was robust to potential taphonomic biases. This life history shift occurred relatively recently as no trend exists in PI size over the past 3100 years. The live-dead disagreement that we observed is consistent with the history of anthropogenic eutrophication in the Mississippi Bight. These data provide a baseline for comparison with other regions in the Gulf of Mexico that have more sustained histories of anthropogenic eutrophication. More broadly, live-dead comparisons of molluscan life history coupled with age dating of molluscan shells can complement community-level metrics when assessing the impacts of anthropogenic eutrophication on coastal ecosystems, and offer a unique study system for investigating life history adaptation in a field context.},
	issn = {0883-1351},
	doi = {10.2110/palo.2017.033},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/palaios/article-lookup?doi=10.2110/palo.2017.033http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/palaios/sepm/palaios/article-pdf/32/11/678/3994556/i0883-1351-32-11-678.pdf},
	author = {HARNIK, PAUL G. and TORSTENSON, MORGAN L. and WILLIAMS, MARIO A.}
}
@article {2602,
	title = {Biological and physical controls on the flux and characteristics of sinking particles on the Northwest Atlantic margin},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},
	volume = {122},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-06-2017},
	pages = {4539 - 4553},
	abstract = {Biogenic matter characteristics and radiocarbon contents of organic carbon (OC) were examined on sinking particle samples intercepted at
three nominal depths of 1000 m, 2000 m, and 3000 m (similar to 50 m above the seafloor) during a 3 year sediment trap program on the New England slope in the Northwest Atlantic. We have sought to characterize the sources of sinking particles in the context of vertical export of biogenic particles from the overlying water column and lateral supply of resuspended sediment particles from adjacent margin sediments. High aluminum (Al) abundances and low OC radiocarbon contents indicated contributions from resuspended sediment which was greatest at 3000 m but also significant at shallower depths. The benthic source (i.e., laterally supplied resuspended sediment) of opal appears negligible based on the absence of a correlation with Al fluxes. In comparison, CaCO3 fluxes at 3000 m showed a positive correlation with Al fluxes. Benthic sources accounted for 42 similar to 63\% of the sinking particle flux based on radiocarbon mass balance and the relationship between Al flux and CaCO3 flux. Episodic pulses of Al at 3000 m were significantly correlated with the near-bottom current at a nearby hydrographic mooring site, implying the importance of current variability in lateral particle transport. However, Al fluxes at 1000 m and 2000 m were coherent but differed from those at 3000 m, implying more than one mode of lateral supply of particles in the water column.},
	doi = {10.1002/jgrc.v122.610.1002/2016JC012549},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgrc.v122.6http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016JC012549http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/2016JC012549/fullpdfhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2F2016JC012549},
	author = {Hwang, Jeomshik and Manganini, Steven J. and Park, JongJin and {\c c}on, Daniel B. and Toole, John M. and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {2882,
	title = {Carbon geochemistry of plankton-dominated samples in the Laptev and East Siberian shelves: contrasts in suspended particle composition},
	journal = {Ocean Science},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-01-2017},
	pages = {735 - 748},
	abstract = {Recent Arctic studies suggest that sea ice decline and permafrost thawing will affect phytoplankton dynamics and stimulate heterotrophic communities. However, in what way the plankton composition will change as the warming proceeds remains elusive. Here we investigate the chemical signature of the plankton-dominated fraction of particulate organic matter (POM) collected along the Siberian Shelf. POM (> 10 {\textmu}m) samples were analysed using molecular biomarkers (CuO oxidation and IP25) and dual-carbon isotopes (δ13C and Δ14C). In addition, surface water chemical properties were integrated with the POM (> 10 {\textmu}m) dataset to understand the link between plankton composition and environmental conditions.

δ13C and Δ14C exhibited a large variability in the POM (> 10 {\textmu}m) distribution while the content of terrestrial biomarkers in the POM was negligible. In the Laptev Sea (LS), δ13C and Δ14C of POM (> 10 {\textmu}m) suggested a heterotrophic environment in which dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the Lena River was the primary source of metabolisable carbon. Within the Lena plume, terrestrial DOC probably became part of the food web via bacteria uptake and subsequently transferred to relatively other heterotrophic communities (e.g. dinoflagellates). Moving eastwards toward the sea-ice-dominated East Siberian Sea (ESS), the system became progressively more autotrophic. Comparison between δ13C of POM (> 10 {\textmu}m) samples and CO2aq concentrations revealed that the carbon isotope fractionation increased moving towards the easternmost and most productive stations.

In a warming scenario characterised by enhanced terrestrial DOC release (thawing permafrost) and progressive sea ice decline, heterotrophic conditions might persist in the LS while the nutrient-rich Pacific inflow will likely stimulate greater primary productivity in the ESS. The contrasting trophic conditions will result in a sharp gradient in δ13C between the LS and ESS, similar to what is documented in our semi-synoptic study.},
	doi = {10.5194/os-13-735-2017},
	url = {https://os.copernicus.org/articles/13/735/2017/},
	author = {Tesi, Tommaso and Geibel, Marc C. and Pearce, Christof and Panova, Elena and Vonk, Jorien E. and Karlsson, Emma and Salvado, Joan A. and Krus{\r a}, Martin and Broder, Lisa and Humborg, Christoph and Semiletov, Igor and Gustafsson, {\"O}rjan}
}
@article {2575,
	title = {Comparative growth, age at maturity and sex change, and longevity of Hawaiian parrotfishes with bomb radiocarbon validation<i></i>},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jul-06-2017},
	abstract = {Growth rates and longevities were estimated for five major fishery species of parrotfishes ({\textquotedblleft}uhu{\textquotedblright}) at Oahu, Hawai{\textquoteright}i. All species grew rapidly with von Bertalanffy Growth Formula (VBGF) k values >= 0.4 yr-1. Longevities were found to range broadly among the three SMALL species{\textemdash}4 yr in Calotomus carolinus and 6 and 11 yr in Scarus psittacus and Chlorurus spilurus{\textemdash}and to 15-20 yr in S. rubroviolaceus and Chlorurus perspicillatus for the two LARGE species. Age-reading and growth curves for the latter two LARGE species were validated using bomb radiocarbon dating. Median ages at sexual maturity as females (AM50) and at sex change (from female to terminal phase male, A∆50) were estimated using logistic models. Sexual maturation occurred at 1{\textendash}2 yr for the SMALL species and at 3{\textendash}3{\textonehalf} yr in the LARGE species. A∆50 estimates ranged from 2{\textendash}4 yr in the SMALL species and were about 5 and 7 yr in S. rubroviolaceus and C. perspicillatus, respectively. Estimated milestones poorly corresponded to the current minimum legal size for uhu in Hawai{\textquoteright}i (12" or 30.5 cm fork length). Pooling these parrotfishes for management seems generally inappropriate, especially for the two LARGE species. Age-based metrics are more informative than size-based metrics for these fishes},
	issn = {0706-652X},
	doi = {10.1139/cjfas-2016-0523},
	url = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0523},
	author = {DeMartini, Edward E and Andrews, Allen H and Howard, Kathrine G and Taylor, Brett M and Lou, Dongchun and Donovan, Mary K.}
}
@article {2739,
	title = {Deglacial sea level history of the East Siberian Sea and Chukchi Sea margins},
	journal = {Climate of the Past},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-01-2017},
	pages = {1097 - 1110},
	abstract = {Deglacial (12.8{\textendash}10.7 ka) sea level history on the East Siberian continental shelf and upper continental slope was reconstructed using new geophysical records and sediment cores taken during Leg 2 of the 2014 SWERUS-C3 expedition. The focus of this study is two cores from Herald Canyon, piston core SWERUS-L2-4-PC1 (4-PC1) and multicore SWERUS-L2-4-MC1 (4-MC1), and a gravity core from an East Siberian Sea transect, SWERUS-L2-20-GC1 (20-GC1). Cores 4-PC1 and 20-GC were taken at 120 and 115 m of modern water depth, respectively, only a few meters above the global last glacial maximum (LGM;  \~{}  24 kiloannum or ka) minimum sea level of  \~{}  125{\textendash}130 meters below sea level (m b.s.l.). Using calibrated radiocarbon ages mainly on molluscs for chronology and the ecology of benthic foraminifera and ostracode species to estimate paleodepths, the data reveal a dominance of river-proximal species during the early part of the Younger Dryas event (YD, Greenland Stadial GS-1) followed by a rise in river-intermediate species in the late Younger Dryas or the early Holocene (Preboreal) period. A rapid relative sea level rise beginning at roughly 11.4 to 10.8 ka ( \~{}  400 cm of core depth) is indicated by a sharp faunal change and unconformity or condensed zone of sedimentation. Regional sea level at this time was about 108 m b.s.l. at the 4-PC1 site and 102 m b.s.l. at 20-GC1. Regional sea level near the end of the YD was up to 42{\textendash}47 m lower than predicted by geophysical models corrected for glacio-isostatic adjustment. This discrepancy could be explained by delayed isostatic adjustment caused by a greater volume and/or geographical extent of glacial-age land ice and/or ice shelves in the western Arctic Ocean and adjacent Siberian land areas.},
	doi = {10.5194/cp-13-1097-2017},
	url = {https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/13/1097/2017/},
	author = {Cronin, Thomas M. and O{\textquoteright}Regan, Matt and Pearce, Christof and Gemery, Laura and Toomey, Michael and Semiletov, Igor and Jakobsson, Martin}
}
@article {2507,
	title = {Extreme waves in the British Virgin Islands during the last centuries before 1500 CE},
	journal = {Geosphere},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jul-04-2019},
	pages = {301 - 368},
	abstract = {Extraordinary marine inundation scattered clasts southward on the island of Anegada, 120 km south of the Puerto Rico Trench, sometime between 1200 and 1480 calibrated years (cal yr) CE. Many of these clasts were likely derived from a fringing reef and from the sandy flat that separates the reef from the island{\textquoteright}s north shore. The scattered clasts include no fewer than 200 coral boulders, mapped herein for the first time and mainly found hundreds of meters inland. Many of these are complete colonies of the brain coral Diploria strigosa. Other coral species represented include Orbicella (formerly Montastraea) annu-laris, Porites astreoides, and Acropora palmata. Associated bioclastic carbonate sand locally contains articulated cobble-size valves of the lucine Codakia orbicularis and entire conch shells of Strombus gigas, mollusks that still inhabit the sandy shallows between the island{\textquoteright}s north shore and a fringing reef beyond. italicmbricated limestone slabs are clustered near some of the coral boulders. In addition, fields of scattered limestone boulders and cobbles near sea level extend mainly southward from limestone sources as much as 1 km inland. Radiocarbon ages have been obtained from 27 coral clasts, 8 lucine valves, and 3 conch shells. All these additional ages predate 1500 cal yr CE, all but 2 are in the range 1000{\textendash}1500 cal yr CE, and 16 of 22 brain coral ages cluster in the range 1200{\textendash}1480 cal yr CE. The event marked by these coral and mollusk clasts likely occurred in the last centuries before Columbus (before 1492 CE).

The pre-Columbian deposits surpass Anegada{\textquoteright}s previously reported evidence for extreme waves in post-Columbian time. The coarsest of the modern storm deposits consist of coral rubble that lines the north shore and sandy fans on the south shore; neither of these storm deposits extends more than 50 m inland. More extensive overwash, perhaps by the 1755 Lisbon tsunami, is marked primarily by a sheet of sand and shells found mainly below sea level beneath the floors of modern salt ponds. This sheet extends more than 1 km southward from the north shore and dates to the interval 1650{\textendash}1800 cal yr CE. Unlike the pre-Columbian deposits, it lacks coarse clasts from the reef or reef flat; its shell assemblage is instead dominated by cerithid gastropods that were merely stirred up from a marine pond in the island{\textquoteright}s interior.

In their inland extent and clustered pre-Columbian ages, the coral clasts and associated deposits suggest extreme waves unrivaled in recent millennia at Anegada. Bioclastic sand coats limestone 4 m above sea level in areas 0.7 and 1.3 km from the north shore. A coral boulder of nearly 1 m3 is 3 km from the north shore by way of an unvegetated path near sea level. As currently understood, the extreme flooding evidenced by these and other clasts represents either an extraordinary storm or a tsunami of nearby origin. The storm would need to have produced tsunami-like bores similar to those of 2013 Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. Normal faults and a thrust fault provide nearby tsunami sources along the eastern Puerto Rico Trench. },
	issn = {1553-040X},
	doi = {10.1130/GES01356.110.1130/GES01356.S110.1130/GES01356.S2},
	url = {http://geosphere.gsapubs.org/lookup/doi/10.1130/GES01356.1},
	author = {Atwater, Brian F. and ten Brink, Uri S. and Cescon, Anna Lisa and Feuillet, Nathalie and Fuentes, Zamara and Halley, Robert B. and {\~n}ez, Carlos and Reinhardt, Eduard G. and Roger, Jean H. and Sawai, Yuki and Spiske, Michaela and Tuttle, Martitia P. and Wei, Yong and Weil-Accardo, Jennifer}
}
@article {2856,
	title = {Holocene sea ice variability driven by wind and polynya efficiency in the Ross Sea},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-12-2017},
	abstract = {The causes of the recent increase in Antarctic sea ice extent, characterised by large regional contrasts and decadal variations, remain unclear. In the Ross Sea, where such a sea ice increase is reported, 50\% of the sea ice is produced within wind-sustained latent-heat polynyas. Combining information from marine diatom records and sea salt sodium and water isotope ice core records, we here document contrasting patterns in sea ice variations between coastal and open sea areas in Western Ross Sea over the current interglacial period. Since about 3600 years before present, an increase in the efficiency of regional latent-heat polynyas resulted in more coastal sea ice, while sea ice extent decreased overall. These past changes coincide with remarkable optima or minima in the abundances of penguins, silverfish and seal remains, confirming the high sensitivity of marine ecosystems to environmental and especially coastal sea ice conditions.},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-017-01455-x},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01455-x},
	author = {Mezgec, K. and Stenni, B. and Crosta, X. and Masson-Delmotte, V. and Baroni, C. and Braida, M. and Ciardini, V. and Colizza, E. and Melis, R. and Salvatore, M. C. and Severi, M. and Scarchilli, C. and Traversi, R. and Udisti, R. and Frezzotti, M.}
}
@article {Tesi2017139,
	title = {Large-scale response of the Eastern Mediterranean thermohaline circulation to African monsoon intensification during sapropel S1 formation},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {159},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {139 - 154},
	abstract = {Abstract The formation of Eastern Mediterranean sapropels has periodically occurred during intensification of northern hemisphere monsoon precipitation over North Africa. However, the large-scale response of the Eastern Mediterranean thermohaline circulation during these monsoon-fuelled freshening episodes is poorly constrained. Here, we investigate the formation of the youngest sapropel (S1) along an across-slope transect in the Adriatic Sea. Foraminifera-based oxygen index, redox-sensitive elements and biogeochemical parameters reveal {\textendash} for the first time {\textendash} that the Adriatic \{S1\} was synchronous with the deposition of south-eastern Mediterranean \{S1\} beds. Proxies of paleo thermohaline currents indicate that the bottom-hugging North Adriatic Dense Water (NAdDW) suddenly decreased at the sapropel onset simultaneously with the maximum freshening of the Levantine Sea during the African Humid Period. We conclude that the lack of the {\textquotedblleft}salty{\textquotedblright} Levantine Intermediate Water hampered the preconditioning of the northern Adriatic waters necessary for the \{NAdDW\} formation prior to the winter cooling. Consequently, a weak \{NAdDW\} limited in turn the Eastern Mediterranean Deep Water (EMDWAdriatic) formation with important consequences for the ventilation of the Ionian basin as well. Our results highlight the importance of the Adriatic for the deep water ventilation and the interdependence among the major eastern Mediterranean water masses whose destabilization exerted first-order control on \{S1\} deposition.},
	keywords = {Thermohaline circulation},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.020},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379116304012},
	author = {T. Tesi and A. Asioli and D. Minisini and V. Maselli and G. Dalla Valle and F. Gamberi and L. Langone and A. Cattaneo and P. Montagna and F. Trincardi}
}
@article {2516,
	title = {Local glaciation in West Greenland linked to North Atlantic Ocean circulation during the Holocene},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Sep-03-2018},
	pages = {195 - 198},
	abstract = {Recent observations indicate that ice-ocean interaction drives much of the recent increase in mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet; however, the role of ocean forcing in driving past glacier change is poorly understood. To extend the observational record and our understanding of the ocean-cryosphere link, we used a multi-proxy approach that combines new data from proglacial lake sediments, C-14-dated in situ moss that recently emerged from beneath cold-based ice caps, and Be-10 ages to reconstruct centennial-scale records of mountain glacier activity for the past similar to 10 k. y. in West Greenland. Proglacial lake sediment records and C-14 dating of moss indicate the onset of Neoglaciation in West Greenland at ca. 5 ka with substantial snowline lowering and glacier expansion at ca. 3.7 ka followed by additional ice expansion phases at ca. 2.9, ca. 1.7, and ca. 1.4 ka and during the Little Ice Age. We find that widespread glacier growth at ca. 3.7 ka in West Greenland coincides with marked cooling and reduced strength of the West Greenland Current in Disko Bugt. The transition to cooler ocean conditions at ca. 3.7 ka identified in Disko Bugt is registered by marine proxy data farther afield in East Greenland and on the northwestern Icelandic shelf, implying large-scale paleoceanographic changes across the North Atlantic during this interval. The similarity between glacier change on West Greenland and multiple marine and terrestrial records across the North Atlantic suggests that glaciers are strongly influenced by changes in ocean circulation and consequently implies that the ocean-cryosphere teleconnection is a persistent feature of the Arctic system. },
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G38114.1},
	url = {http://geology.gsapubs.org/lookup/doi/10.1130/G38114},
	author = {Schweinsberg, Avriel D. and Briner, Jason P. and Miller, Gifford H. and Bennike, Ole and Thomas, Elizabeth K.}
}
@article {Luo2017,
	title = {More reducing bottom-water redox conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum in the southern Challenger Deep (Mariana Trench, western Pacific) driven by enhanced productivity},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {-},
	abstract = {Abstract The modern southern Mariana Trench is characterized by oligotrophic surface waters, resulting in low primary productivity and well-oxygenated bottom waters. This study investigates changes in the redox conditions of bottom waters in the southern Mariana Trench during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and their potential causes. We measured major, trace, and rare earth elements (REE) in three gravity cores (GC03, GC04, and GC05) and one box core (BC11) retrieved from the southern Challenger Deep at water depths from 5289 to 7118 m. The upper sediment layers of both \{GC05\} and \{BC11\} are dominated by valve fragments of the giant diatom Ethmodiscus rex, forming laminated diatom mats (LDMs). 14C-AMS dates of bulk organic matter show that the \{LDMs\} accumulated between 18.4 and 21.8 kyr B.P., corresponding to the LGM. Modest enrichments of U and Mo along with weak or absent Ce anomalies in the \{LDM\} point to suboxic conditions during the LGM. In contrast, non-LDM samples exhibit little to no enrichment of redox-sensitive elements as well as negative Ce anomalies, indicating deposition under oxic bottom-water conditions. The Ce anomalies are considered valid proxies for bottom-water redox conditions because \{REE\} signatures were acquired in the early diagenetic environment, as indicated by strong P-REE correlations and middle-REE enrichment associated with early diagenetic cycling of Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides in the sediment column followed by capture of the \{REE\} signal by biogenic and/or authigenic apatite. We postulate that the more reducing bottom-water conditions during the \{LGM\} were linked to increased primary productivity induced by enhanced Asian dust input. As shown in earlier studies, the increased primary productivity associated with Ethmodiscus rex blooms in the eastern Philippine Sea played a significant role in capturing atmospheric \{CO2\} during the LGM. Consequently, the magnitude of atmospheric \{CO2\} sequestration by giant diatom blooms during the \{LGM\} may have been greater than previously envisaged.},
	keywords = {Laminated diatom mats},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.01.006},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064516302892},
	author = {Min Luo and Thomas J. Algeo and Hongpeng Tong and Joris Gieskes and Linying Chen and Xuefa Shi and Duofu Chen}
}
@book {2837,
	title = {Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery ProgramExpedition 357 methods},
	year = {2017},
	publisher = {International Ocean Discovery Program},
	organization = {International Ocean Discovery Program},
	doi = {10.14379/iodp.proc.357.102.2017},
	url = {http://publications.iodp.org/proceedings/357/357title.html},
	author = {Fr{\"u}h-Green, G.L. and Orcutt, B.N. and Green, S.L. and Cotterill, C. and Morgan, S. and Akizawa, N. and Bayrakci, G. and Behrmann, J.-H. and Boschi, C. and Brazleton, W.J. and Cannat, M. and Dunkel, K.G. and Escartin, J. and Harris, M. and Herrero-Bervera, E. and Hesse, K. and John, B.E. and Lang, S.Q. and Lilley, M.D. and Liu, H.-Q. and Mayhew, L.E. and McCaig, A.M. and Menez, B. and Morono, Y. and Qu{\'e}m{\'e}neur, M. and Roum{\'e}jon, S. and Sandaruwan Ratnayake, A. and Schrenk, M.O. and Schwarzenbach, E.M. and Twing, K.I. and Weis, D. and Whattham, S.A. and Williams, M. and Zhao, R.},
	editor = {Fr{\"u}h-Green, G.L. and Orcutt, B.N. and Green, S.L. and Cotterill, C.}
}
@article {2829,
	title = {Relative sea-level trends in New York City during the past 1500 years},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Sep-08-2017},
	pages = {1169 - 1186},
	abstract = {New York City (NYC) is threatened by 21st-century relative sea-level (RSL) rise because it will experience a trend that exceeds the global mean and has high concentrations of low-lying infrastructure and socioeconomic activity. To provide a long-term context for anticipated trends, we reconstructed RSL change during the past ~1500 years using a core of salt-marsh sediment from Pelham Bay in The Bronx. Foraminifera and bulk-sediment δ13C values were used as sea-level indicators. The history of sediment accumulation was established by radiocarbon dating and recognition of pollution and land-use trends of known age in down-core elemental, isotopic, and pollen profiles. The reconstruction was generated within a Bayesian hierarchical model to accommodate multiple proxies and to provide a unified statistical framework for quantifying uncertainty. We show that RSL in NYC rose by ~1.70 m since ~575 CE (including ~0.38 m since 1850 CE). The rate of RSL rise increased markedly at 1812{\textendash}1913 CE from ~1.0 to ~2.5 mm/yr, which coincides with other reconstructions along the US Atlantic coast. We investigated the possible influence of tidal-range change in Long Island Sound on our reconstruction using a regional tidal model, and we demonstrate that this effect was likely small. However, future tidal-range change could exacerbate the impacts of RSL rise in communities bordering Long Island Sound. The current rate of RSL rise is the fastest that NYC has experienced for >1500 years, and its ongoing acceleration suggests that projections of 21st-century local RSL rise will be realized.},
	keywords = {Bayesian transfer function, carbon isotope, Foraminifera, Salt marsh, sedimentation, The Bronx},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683616683263},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683616683263},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C and Hill, Troy D and Vane, Christopher H and Cahill, Niamh and Orton, Philip M and Talke, Stefan A and Parnell, Andrew C and Sanborn, Kelsey and Hartig, Ellen K}
}
@article { ISI:000395186600009,
	title = {Short organic carbon turnover time and narrow C-14 age spectra in early Holocene wetland paleosols},
	journal = {GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS},
	volume = {18},
	number = {{1}},
	year = {2017},
	month = {JAN},
	pages = {142-155},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Paleosols contain information about the rates of soil organic carbon turnover when the soil was actively forming. However, this temporal information is often difficult to interpret without tight stratigraphic control on the age of the paleosol. Here we apply ramped pyrolysis/oxidation (Ramped PyrOx) C-14 analyses to evaluate age spectra of transgressive early Holocene paleosols from the Mississippi Delta in southeastern Louisiana, USA. We find C-14 age spectra from soil organic matter (SOM) in both paleosols and overlying basal peats that represent variability in age that is close to, or only slightly greater than, analytical uncertainty of C-14 measurements, despite different sources of carbon with likely disparate ages. Such age spectra have not previously been observed in the sedimentary record. Here they indicate vigorous soil carbon turnover prior to burial, which homogenized C-14 ages within SOM across the entire thermochemical spectrum. The weighted bulk C-14 ages from Ramped PyrOx of paleosols and overlying peats are identical within analytical and process-associated uncertainty, and corroborate C-14 ages from charcoal fragments and plant macrofossils from the overlying peat. The youngest ages from Ramped PyrOx age spectra may also potentially be applied as chronometers for stratigraphic burial ages. Our results suggest rapid turnover (<<300 years) of carbon in these soils relative to input of allochthonous carbon, indicating that the C-14 age of different soil components is decoupled from thermochemical stability and instead reflects vigorous turnover processes. The concurrence of paleosol and peat C-14 ages also suggests that pedogenic processes were linked with the development of coastal marshes, and that the priming effect potentially masked the signal of allochthonous carbon inputs during sea level rise.},
	keywords = {paleosol, radiocarbon, ramped PyrOx, soil organic carbon, turnover time},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1002/2016GC006526},
	author = {Vetter, Lael and Rosenheim, Brad E. and Fernandez, Alvaro and Tornqvist, Torbjoern E.}
}
@article {2717,
	title = {Tropical Pacific climate variability over the last 6000~years as recorded in Bainbridge Crater Lake, Gal{\'a}pagos},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-08-2017},
	pages = {903 - 922},
	abstract = {Finely laminated sediments within Bainbridge Crater Lake, Gal{\'a}pagos, provide a record of El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events over the Holocene. Despite the importance of this sediment record, hypotheses for how climate variability is preserved in the lake sediments have not been tested. Here we present results of long-term monitoring of the local climate and limnology and a revised interpretation of the sediment record. Brown-green, organic-rich, siliciclastic laminae reflect warm, wet conditions typical of El Ni{\~n}o events, whereas carbonate and gypsum precipitate during cool, dry La Ni{\~n}a events and persistent dry periods, respectively. Applying this new interpretation, we find that ENSO events of both phases were generally less frequent during the mid-Holocene (~6100{\textendash}4000 calendar years B.P.) relative to the last ~1500 calendar years. Abundant carbonate laminations between 3500 and 3000 calendar years B.P. imply that conditions in the Gal{\'a}pagos region were cool and dry during this period when the tropical Pacific E-W sea surface temperature (SST) gradient likely strengthened. The frequency of El Ni{\~n}o and La Ni{\~n}a events then intensified dramatically around 1750{\textendash}2000 calendar years B.P., consistent with a weaker SST gradient and an increased frequency of ENSO events in other regional records. This strong interannual variability persisted until ~700 calendar years B.P., when ENSO-related variability at the lake decreased as the SST gradient strengthened. Persistent, dry conditions then dominated between 300 and 50 calendar years B.P. (A.D. 1650{\textendash}1900, {\textpm} ~100 years), whereas wetter conditions and frequent El Ni{\~n}o events dominated in the most recent century.},
	keywords = {Climate variability, El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation(ENSO), Gal{\'a}pagos archipelago, mid-Holocene, monitoring, tropical Pacific Ocean},
	doi = {10.1002/palo.v32.810.1002/2017PA003089},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2017PA003089},
	author = {Thompson, Diane M. and Conroy, Jessica L. and Collins, Aaron and Hlohowskyj, Stephan R. and Overpeck, Jonathan T. and Riedinger-Whitmore, Melanie and Cole, Julia E. and Bush, Mark B. and Whitney, H. and Corley, Timothy L. and Kannan, Miriam Steinitz}
}
@article {2576,
	title = {Age and growth of bluespine unicornfish (Naso unicornis): a half-century life-span for a keystone browser, with a novel approach to bomb radiocarbon dating in the Hawaiian Islands},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-10-2016},
	pages = {1575 - 1586},
	abstract = {Bluespine unicornfish (Naso unicornis) from Hawaii were aged to >50 years using cross-sectioned sagittal otoliths. Fish length was a poor indicator of age because of rapid and variable early growth, exemplified by fish aged to be 4 years near maximum length. Growth was deterministic with adult ages decoupled from body length. Otolith mass and thickness were evaluated as proxies for age and both were encouraging; thickness explained more variance but mass was easier to measure. An age estimation protocol was validated through ontogeny using bomb radiocarbon (14C) dating. Use of the postbomb 14C decline period from a regional reference chronology enabled age validation of young fish {\textemdash} a novel approach for the Pacific Ocean. A probabilistic procedure for assigning bomb 14C dates (CALIBomb) was used for the first time to determine fish birth years. The age-reading protocol was generally validated, and it was possible to describe length-at-age despite difficulties in counting otolith annuli beyond 30{\textendash}40 years. Growth curves differed between the sexes, and a four-parameter generalized von Bertalanffy growth function provided the best fit.},
	issn = {0706-652X},
	doi = {10.1139/cjfas-2016-0019},
	url = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0019},
	author = {Andrews, A.H. and DeMartini, Edward E. and Eble, Jeff A. and Taylor, Brett M. and Lou, Dong Chun and Humphreys, Robert L.}
}
@article {2539,
	title = {Age of the Mt.~Ortles ice cores, the Tyrolean Iceman and glaciation of the highest summit of South Tyrol since the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-01-2016},
	pages = {2779 - 2797},
	abstract = {In  2011  four  ice  cores  were  extracted  from  the summit of Alto dell{\textquoteright}Ortles (3859 m), the highest glacier of South  Tyrol  in  the  Italian  Alps.  This  drilling  site  is  located only 37 km southwest from where the Tyrolean Iceman, \~{}5.3 kyrs old, was discovered emerging from the ablating ice field of Tisenjoch (3210 m, near the Italian{\textendash}Austrian border) in 1991. The excellent preservation of this mummy suggested that the Tyrolean Iceman was continuously embedded in prehistoric ice and that additional ancient ice was likely
preserved elsewhere in South Tyrol. Dating of the ice cores from Alto dell{\textquoteright}Ortles based on 210Pb, tritium, beta activity and 14C determinations, combined with an empirical model (COPRA), provides evidence for a chronologically ordered ice  stratigraphy  from  the  modern  glacier  surface  down  to the  bottom  ice  layers  with  an  age  of \~{}7 kyrs,  which  confirms  the  hypothesis.  Our  results  indicate  that  the  drilling site has continuously been glaciated on frozen bedrock since \~{}7 kyrs BP. Absence of older ice on the highest glacier of South Tyrol is consistent with the removal of basal ice from bedrock during the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum (6{\textendash}9 kyrs BP),  the  warmest  interval  in  the  European  Alps during the Holocene. Borehole inclinometric measurements of  the  current  glacier  flow  combined  with  surface  ground penetration radar (GPR) measurements indicate that, due to the sustained atmospheric warming since the 1980s, an acceleration of the glacier Alto dell{\textquoteright}Ortles flow has just recently begun.  Given  the  stratigraphic chronological  continuity  of the Mt. Ortles cores over millennia, it can be argued that this behaviour has been unprecedented at this location since the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum.},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-10-2779-2016},
	url = {http://www.the-cryosphere.net/10/2779/2016/tc-10-2779-2016.pdf},
	author = {Gabrielli, Paolo and Barbante, Carlo and Bertagna, Giuliano and {\'o}, Michele and Binder, Daniel and Carton, Alberto and Carturan, Luca and Cazorzi, Federico and Cozzi, Giulio and Dalla Fontana, Giancarlo and Davis, Mary and De Blasi, Fabrizio and Dinale, Roberto and {\`a}, Gianfranco and Dreossi, Giuliano and Festi, Daniela and Frezzotti, Massimo and Gabrieli, Jacopo and Galos, Stephan P. and Ginot, Patrick and Heidenwolf, Petra and Jenk, Theo M. and Kehrwald, Natalie and Kenny, Donald and Magand, Olivier and Mair, Volkmar and Mikhalenko, Vladimir and Lin, Ping Nan and Oeggl, Klaus and Piffer, Gianni and Rinaldi, Mirko and Schotterer, Ulrich and Schwikowski, Margit and Seppi, Roberto and Spolaor, Andrea and Stenni, Barbara and Tonidandel, David and Uglietti, Chiara and Zagorodnov, Victor and Zanoner, Thomas and Zennaro, Piero}
}
@article {Spooner2016123,
	title = {Clumped isotope composition of cold-water corals: A role for vital effects?},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {179},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {123 - 141},
	abstract = {Abstract The carbonate clumped isotope thermometer is a promising tool for determining past ocean temperatures. It is based on the temperature dependence of rare isotopes {\textquoteleft}clumping{\textquoteright} into the same carbonate ion group in the carbonate mineral lattice. The extent of this clumping effect is independent of the isotope composition of the water from which carbonate precipitates, providing unique advantages over many other paleotemperature proxies. Existing calibrations of this thermometer in cold-water and warm-water corals suggest clumped isotope {\textquoteleft}vital effects{\textquoteright} are negligible in cold-water corals but may be significant in warm-water corals. Here, we test the calibration of the carbonate clumped isotope thermometer in cold-water corals with a recently collected and well characterised sample set spanning a range of coral genera (Balanophyllia, Caryophyllia, Dasmosmilia, Desmophyllum, Enallopsammia and Javania). The clumped isotope compositions (Δ47) of these corals exhibit systematic dependences on their growth temperatures, confirming the basis of the carbonate clumped isotope thermometer. However, some cold-water coral genera show Δ47 values that are higher than the expected equilibrium values by up to 0.05{\textperthousand} (equivalent to underestimating temperature by \~{}9 {\textdegree}C) similar to previous findings for some warm-water corals. This finding suggests that the vital effects affecting corals Δ47 are common to both warm- and cold-water corals. By comparison with models of the coral calcification process we suggest that the clumped isotope offsets in these genera are related to the kinetic isotope effects associated with \{CO2\} hydration/hydroxylation reactions in the corals{\textquoteright} calcifying fluid. Our findings complicate the use of the carbonate clumped isotope thermometer in corals, but suggest that species- or genus-specific calibrations could be useful for the future application of this paleotemperature proxy.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.01.023},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703716300072},
	author = {Peter T. Spooner and Weifu Guo and Laura F. Robinson and Nivedita Thiagarajan and Katharine R. Hendry and Brad E. Rosenheim and Melanie J. Leng}
}
@book {2557,
	title = {Coral Reefs of the WorldCoral Reefs of the Eastern Tropical PacificHolocene Reef Development in the Eastern Tropical Pacific},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {177 - 201},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	organization = {Springer Netherlands},
	address = {Dordrecht},
	abstract = {Contrary to early assessments, the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) is not devoid of well-developed reefs. Significant accumulations of Holocene reef framework are present throughout the region, although they tend to be poorly consolidated, lack the submarine cementation common on most reefs elsewhere in the world, and are subject to considerable bioerosion. These reef frameworks began accreting as early as 7000 years ago. The thickest accumulations of Pocillopora frameworks occur in coastal areas of Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia, but reefs composed of massive corals{\textemdash}species of Porites, Pavona, or Gardineroseris{\textemdash}are present throughout the region. Reef development in the ETP is limited by a variety of characteristics of the physical environment. Because of high turbidity in most areas, reef development is generally restricted to less than ~10 m depth. The spatial extent of reefs in the ETP is also limited from the combined influences of wave action and upwelling. Most reefs in the ETP are only a few hectares in size and the best-developed reefs generally occur in areas sheltered from strong oceanic influence. Upwelling also influences long-term trends in reef development in the region. There does not appear to be a significant impact of upwelling on the millennial-scale growth rates of Panamanian reefs; however, reefs in upwelling environments typically have thinner frameworks than nearby reefs in non-upwelling environments. Furthermore, upwelling may have contributed to a historic shutdown of reef development in Costa Rica and Panama. Although both ecological and oceanographic disturbances have had some impact on the long-term development of reefs in the ETP, the most important control on reef development in this region throughout the Holocene has most likely been the El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation (ENSO). ENSO activity{\textemdash}especially that of the 1982{\textendash}83 and 1997{\textendash}98 El Ni{\~n}o events{\textemdash}has shaped the landscape of coral reefs across the ETP both in recent decades and in the past. Reefs in Pacific Panama and Costa Rica experienced a 2500-year hiatus in vertical growth beginning ~4100 years ago as a result of enhanced ENSO activity. Although the degree of framework accumulation and rate of reef accretion in some parts of the ETP are more similar to that of the western Atlantic than previously thought, the region still remains a marginal environment for reef development. Given the dominant role that climatic variability has played in controlling reef development in the past, the future of reefs in the ETP under accelerating climate change remains uncertain.},
	keywords = {El Ni{\~n}o, Latin American reefs, paleoecology, Reef accretion, Southern Oscillation, Upwelling},
	isbn = {978-94-017-7498-7},
	issn = {2213-719X},
	doi = {10.1007/978-94-017-7499-410.1007/978-94-017-7499-4_6},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007\%2F978-94-017-7499-4_6},
	author = {Toth, Lauren T. and Macintyre, Ian G. and Aronson, Richard B.},
	editor = {Glynn, Peter W. and Manzello, Derek P. and Enochs, Ian C.}
}
@article {2572,
	title = {Fate of terrigenous organic matter across the Laptev Sea from the mouth of the Lena River to the deep sea of the Arctic interior},
	journal = {Biogeosciences},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-01-2016},
	pages = {5003 - 5019},
	abstract = {Ongoing global warming in high latitudes may cause an increasing supply of permafrost-derived organic carbon through both river discharge and coastal erosion to the Arctic shelves. Mobilized permafrost carbon can be either buried in sediments, transported to the deep sea or degraded to CO2 and outgassed, potentially constituting a positive feedback to climate change.

This study aims to assess the fate of terrigenous organic carbon (TerrOC) in the Arctic marine environment by exploring how it changes in concentration, composition and degradation status across the wide Laptev Sea shelf. We analyzed a suite of terrestrial biomarkers as well as source-diagnostic bulk carbon isotopes (δ13C, Δ14C) in surface sediments from a Laptev Sea transect spanning more than 800 km from the Lena River mouth (< 10 m water depth) across the shelf to the slope and rise (2000{\textendash}3000 m water depth). These data provide a broad view on different TerrOC pools and their behavior during cross-shelf transport. The concentrations of lignin phenols, cutin acids and high-molecular-weight (HMW) wax lipids (tracers of vascular plants) decrease by 89{\textendash}99 \% along the transect. Molecular-based degradation proxies for TerrOC (e.g., the carbon preference index of HMW lipids, the HMW acids / alkanes ratio and the acid / aldehyde ratio of lignin phenols) display a trend to more degraded TerrOC with increasing distance from the coast. We infer that the degree of degradation of permafrost-derived TerrOC is a function of the time spent under oxic conditions during protracted cross-shelf transport. Future work should therefore seek to constrain cross-shelf transport times in order to compute a TerrOC degradation rate and thereby help to quantify potential carbon{\textendash}climate feedbacks.},
	doi = {10.5194/bg-13-5003-201610.5194/bg-13-5003-2016},
	url = {http://www.biogeosciences.net/13/5003/2016},
	author = {Broder, Lisa and Tesi, Tommaso and Salvad?, Joan A. and Semiletov, Igor P. and Dudarev, Oleg V. and Gustafsson, ?rjan}
}
@article {2573,
	title = {Historical records of organic matter supply and degradation status in the East Siberian Sea},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-01-2016},
	pages = {16 - 30},
	abstract = {Destabilization and degradation of permafrost carbon in the Arctic regions could constitute a positive feedback to climate change. A better understanding of its fate upon discharge to the Arctic shelf is therefore needed. In this study, bulk carbon isotopes as well as terrigenous and marine biomarkers were used to construct two centennial records in the East Siberian Sea. Differences in topsoil and Pleistocene Ice Complex Deposit permafrost concentrations, modeled using δ13C and Δ14C, were larger between inner and outer shelf than the changes over time. Similarly, lignin-derived phenol and cutin acid concentrations differed by a factor of ten between the two stations, but did not change significantly over time, consistent with the dual-carbon isotope model. High molecular weight (HMW) n-alkane and n-alkanoic acid concentrations displayed a smaller difference between the two stations (factor of 3{\textendash}6). By contrast, the fraction for marine OC drastically decreased during burial with a half-life of 19{\textendash}27 years. Vegetation and degradation proxies suggested supply of highly degraded gymnosperm wood tissues. Lipid Carbon Preference Index (CPI) values indicated more extensively degraded HMW n-alkanes on the outer shelf with no change over time, whereas n-alkanoic acids appeared to be less degraded toward the core top with no large differences between the stations. Taken together, our results show larger across-shelf changes than down-core trends. Further investigation is required to establish whether the observed spatial differences are due to different sources for the two depositional settings or, alternatively, a consequence of hydrodynamic sorting combined with selective degradation during cross-shelf transport.},
	keywords = {210Pb, Arctic, East Siberian Arctic Shelf, HMW wax lipids, Lignin, Monte Carlo, δ13C, Δ14C},
	issn = {01466380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.10.008},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.10.008},
	author = {Broder, Lisa and Tesi, Tommaso and Andersson, August and Eglinton, Timothy I. and Semiletov, Igor P. and Dudarev, Oleg V. and Roos, Per and Gustafsson, ?rjan}
}
@article {Govil2016453,
	title = {Holocene climate variability from the lake sediment core in Schirmacher Oasis region, East Antarctica: Multiproxy approach},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {425},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {453 - 463},
	abstract = {Abstract A 1.62~m sediment core was retrieved from one of the landlocked freshwater lakes (L-6) in the Schirmacher Oasis (SO), East Antarctica during the 24th Indian Antarctic Expedition (2004{\textendash}2006). The sediment core samples were analyzed for Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Biogenic Silica (BSi), grain size and elemental concentration ratios (Mg/Ca and Mn/Fe). The sediment core represents the time period of last \~{}11.6~cal ka \{BP\} as ascertained by \{AMS\} 14C radiocarbon dates. The sedimentation accumulation rate variation of \~{}13.6~cm/ka from \~{}11.6 to \~{}10~cal ka \{BP\} reveals a warm phase followed by a low sedimentation accumulation rate of \~{}2.9~cm/ka from \~{}10~ka \{BP\} to \~{}3.1~ka BP, indicating a cold period in the region. The sedimentation accumulation rate again increased from \~{}3.1~cal ka \{BP\} to recent with a maximum of \~{}88~cm/ka which reveals the initiation of glacier retreat or ice-free conditions in the study area. The Total Organic Carbon (TOC) is \&lt;2\% from \~{}10 to \~{}3.1~cal ka \{BP\} indicating a prolonged colder phase in the study area. However, elevated TOC, \{BSi\} and Mg/Ca ratio since \~{}3.1~cal ka \{BP\} to recent points indicates towards ice-free conditions (continental ice sheet retreat) and subsequently high productivity in the region. Moreover, the productivity was higher at the Pleistocene{\textendash}Holocene boundary as evidenced by the Mg/CA, Mn/Fe ratio and Biogenic Silica (BSi). The present study identified a colder phase (or re-advancement of continental ice sheet) during the early to mid-Holocene and initiation of ice-free or continental ice-sheet retreat during the late Holocene and their implications on the productivity changes.},
	keywords = {Freshwater lakes},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.09.032},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216304293},
	author = {Pawan Govil and Abhijit Mazumder and Rajesh Asthana and Anoop Tiwari and Ravi Mishra}
}
@article { ISI:000381081600003,
	title = {Hydrogen isotopic analysis with a chromium-packed reactor of organic compounds of relevance to ecological, archaeological, and forensic applications},
	journal = {RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY},
	volume = {30},
	number = {{16}},
	year = {2016},
	month = {AUG 30},
	pages = {1857-1864},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {RationaleThe H-2 values of some nitrogen-containing organic compounds measured by High-Temperature Conversion (HTC) with a glassy carbon reactor have been shown to be inaccurate. A probable explanation for these analytical inaccuracies is the formation of HCN, allowing some hydrogen atoms to escape isotope ratio measurement. We assess this isotopic effect in sample types commonly used for (paleo)ecological, environmental, archaeological, and forensic investigations. MethodsThe H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) values and mass fraction H using a factory-recommended glassy carbon HTC reactor packing were compared with those obtained from using two Cr-containing reactor packings for a variety of N-containing substances, including amino acids, collagen, hair, and silk. Results(2)H(VSMOW-SLAP) values and mass fraction H differed by reactor packing for most, but not all, N-containing samples. The H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) difference was 10-11 for modern collagen and 12-14 parts per thousand for hair, demonstrating that reactor configuration is important for these proteins, and that the use of a chromium-packed reactor may be desirable. In contrast, Bombyx mori cocoon (silk) H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) values did not differ with reactor type. In general, H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) and mass fraction H differences by reactor packing increased with mass fraction nitrogen in the sample. With the Cr-packed reactor hydrogen mass fractions were at theoretically expected values, while the glassy carbon reactor produced lower yields of hydrogen. ConclusionsThe protein and amino acid H-2(VSMOW-SLAP) values measured by factory-recommended online HTC methods differ from those from Cr-containing reactor packing. The magnitude of the differences is variable with sample type; the molecular structure and diagenetic history of each sample may be important. Careful attention to this effect is therefore recommended for the H-2 measurement for all nitrogen-containing analytes. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	issn = {0951-4198},
	doi = {10.1002/rcm.7662},
	author = {Reynard, Linda M. and Tuross, Noreen}
}
@article { ISI:000371470800004,
	title = {Inferring skeletal production from time-averaged assemblages: skeletal loss pulls the timing of production pulses towards the modern period},
	journal = {PALEOBIOLOGY},
	volume = {42},
	number = {{1}},
	year = {2016},
	month = {FEB},
	pages = {54-76},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Age-frequency distributions of dead skeletal material on the landscape or seabed-information on the time that has elapsed since the death of individuals-provide decadal- to millennial-scale perspectives both on the history of production and on the processes that lead to skeletal disintegration and burial. So far, however, models quantifying the dynamics of skeletal loss have assumed that skeletal production is constant during time-averaged accumulation. Here, to improve inferences in conservation paleobiology and historical ecology, we evaluate the joint effects of temporally variable production and skeletal loss on postmortem age-frequency distributions (AFDs) to determine how to detect fluctuations in production over the recent past from AFDs. We show that, relative to the true timing of past production pulses, the modes of AFDs will be shifted to younger age cohorts, causing the true age of past pulses to be underestimated. This shift in the apparent timing of a past pulse in production will be stronger where loss rates are high and/or the rate of decline in production is slow; also, a single pulse coupled with a declining loss rate can, under some circumstances, generate a bimodal distribution. We apply these models to death assemblages of the bivalve Nuculana taphria from the Southern California continental shelf, finding that: (1) an onshore-offshore gradient in time averaging is dominated by a gradient in the timing of production, reflecting the tracking of shallow-water habitats under a sea-level rise, rather than by a gradient in disintegration and sequestration rates, which remain constant with water depth; and (2) loss-corrected model-based estimates of the timing of past production are in good agreement with likely past changes in local production based on an independent sea-level curve.},
	issn = {0094-8373},
	doi = {10.1017/pab.2015.30},
	author = {Tomasovych, Adam and Kidwell, Susan M. and Barber, Rina Foygel}
}
@article {2491,
	title = {The intertropical convergence zone modulates intense hurricane strikes on the western North Atlantic margin},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-04-2016},
	abstract = {Most Atlantic hurricanes form in the Main Development Region between 9{\textdegree}N to 20{\textdegree}N along the northern edge of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Previous research has suggested that meridional shifts in the ITCZ position on geologic timescales can modulate hurricane activity, but continuous and long-term storm records are needed from multiple sites to assess this hypothesis. Here we present a 3000 year record of intense hurricane strikes in the northern Bahamas (Abaco Island) based on overwash deposits in a coastal sinkhole, which indicates that the ITCZ has likely helped modulate intense hurricane strikes on the western North Atlantic margin on millennial to centennial-scales. The new reconstruction closely matches a previous reconstruction from Puerto Rico, and documents a period of elevated intense hurricane activity on the western North Atlantic margin from 2500 to 1000 years ago when paleo precipitation proxies suggest that the ITCZ occupied a more northern position. Considering that anthropogenic warming is predicted to be focused in the northern hemisphere in the coming century, these results provide a prehistoric analog that an attendant northern ITCZ shift in the future may again return the western North Atlantic margin to an active hurricane interval.},
	keywords = {Climate-change impacts, Forest ecology, Ocean sciences, Palaeoclimate},
	doi = {10.1038/srep21728},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/srep21728http://www.nature.com/articles/srep21728.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/srep21728.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/srep21728},
	author = {van Hengstum, Peter J. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Fall, Patricia L. and Toomey, Michael R. and Albury, Nancy A. and Kakuk, Brian}
}
@article {Benz2016216,
	title = {Last Glacial Maximum sea surface temperature and sea-ice extent in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {146},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {216 - 237},
	abstract = {Abstract Sea surface temperatures and sea-ice extent are most critical variables to evaluate the Southern Ocean paleoceanographic evolution in relation to the development of the global carbon cycle, atmospheric \{CO2\} and ocean-atmosphere circulation. Here we present diatom transfer function-based summer sea surface temperature (SSST) and winter sea-ice (WSI) estimates from the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean to bridge a gap in information that has to date hampered a well-established reconstruction of the last glacial Southern Ocean at circum-Antarctic scale. We studied the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) at the \{EPILOG\} time slice (19,000{\textendash}23,000 calendar years before present) in 17 cores and consolidated our \{LGM\} picture of the Pacific sector taking into account published data from its warmer regions. Our data display a distinct east-west differentiation with a rather stable \{WSI\} edge north of the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge in the Ross Sea sector and a more variable \{WSI\} extent over the Amundsen Abyssal Plain. The zone of maximum cooling (\&gt;4~K) during the \{LGM\} is in the present Subantarctic Zone and bounded to its south by the 4~{\textdegree}C isotherm. The isotherm is in the \{SSST\} range prevailing at the modern Antarctic Polar Front, representing a circum-Antarctic feature, and marks the northern edge of the glacial Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). The northward deflection of colder than modern surface waters along the South American continent led to a significant cooling of the glacial Humboldt Current surface waters (4{\textendash}8~K), which affected the temperature regimes as far north as tropical latitudes. The glacial reduction of \{ACC\} temperatures may also have resulted in significant cooling in the Atlantic and Indian Southern Ocean, thus enhancing thermal differentiation of the Southern Ocean and Antarctic continental cooling. The comparison with numerical temperature and sea-ice simulations yields discrepancies, especially concerning the estimates of the sea-ice fields, but some simulations reproduce well our proxy-based temperature data.},
	keywords = {Pacific Southern Ocean},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.06.006},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379116302062},
	author = {Verena Benz and Oliver Esper and Rainer Gersonde and Frank Lamy and Ralf Tiedemann}
}
@article {VanDaele2016130,
	title = {Late Quaternary evolution of Lago Castor (Chile, 45.6{\textdegree}S): Timing of the deglaciation in northern Patagonia and evolution of the southern westerlies during the last 17 kyr},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {133},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {130 - 146},
	abstract = {Abstract Even though Patagonia is ideally located to study climate of the southern mid-latitudes, many questions on the late Quaternary climate evolution remain unresolved. The timing of maximum glacier extent is still uncertain in vast areas, and the postglacial evolution of the Southern Westerly Wind Belt (SWWB) remains highly debated. Here, we study the sedimentary infill of a glacigenic lake (Lago Castor; 45.6{\textdegree}S, 71.8{\textdegree}W) located at the leeside of the Andes in Chilean Patagonia to i) reconstruct the deglacial evolution of the eastern flank of the Patagonian Ice Sheet (PIS), and ii) discuss postglacial changes in wind strength at a critical location where westerly wind records are critically lacking. A dense grid of high-resolution reflection-seismic data was used to reconstruct the large-scale infill history of the lake, and a radiocarbon dated sediment core penetrating all lacustrine seismic units, was retrieved. Results indicate that the deglaciation of the lake basin and its catchment occurred no later than \~{}28~cal~kyr \{BP\} (i.e. an early LGM), but possibly even already after \{MIS\} 4. Afterwards, the Lago Castor area was covered by a large proglacial lake that drained {\textendash} possibly through an outburst flood {\textendash} when the \{PIS\} outlet glaciers retreated to a critical location. Subsequently, very dry conditions caused the lake to desiccate, as evidenced by an unconformity visible on the seismic profiles and in the sediment core. This dry period likely resulted from the increased orographic effect of the PIS-covered Andes, accompanied by weaker westerlies. From \~{}20~kyr \{BP\} onwards, the combination of a shrinking \{PIS\} and a southward shift of the \{SWWB\} resulted in increased precipitation, which caused the lake level to rise. After \~{}17~cal~kyr BP, lake sedimentation was more directly influenced by the southern westerlies, with the formation of sediment drifts resulting from strong bottom current during periods of intense westerly winds. Our results suggest a progressive increase in wind strength at 46{\textdegree}S from 11.2 to 4.5~cal~kyr BP, which supports the hypothesis that the \{SWWB\} broadened during the early and middle Holocene.},
	keywords = {Sediment drift},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.12.021},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027737911530202X},
	author = {Maarten Van Daele and S{\'e}bastien Bertrand and Inka Meyer and Jasper Moernaut and Willem Vandoorne and Giuseppe Siani and Niels Tanghe and Zakaria Ghazoui and Mario Pino and Roberto Urrutia and Marc De Batist}
}
@article {Li2016282,
	title = {Late Quaternary fingerprints of precession and sea level variation over the past 35~kyr as revealed by sea surface temperature and upwelling records from the Indian Ocean near southernmost Sumatra},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {425},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {282 - 291},
	abstract = {Abstract We report high-resolution paleoclimatic reconstructions using isotope, alkenone sea surface temperature (SST), productivity, and terrigenous proxy variations over the past 35~kyr from core SO184-10043 (07{\textdegree}18.57'S, 105{\textdegree}03.53'E) in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean offshore of southernmost (S) Sumatra. The core was retrieved at 2171~m water depth, from the monsoon driven seasonal upwelling area off southernmost Sumatra. Our paleoclimatic reconstructions show that an enhanced marine productivity was closely linked to strengthening of coastal upwelling during the increases of boreal summer insolation and associated southeastern (SE) monsoon strength, with pronounced semi-precession cycles (\~{}11~kyr). In contrast, our record of alkenone \{SSTs\} shows glacial to interglacial, a sea-level variation, but this fluctuates at dominant precession cycles (\~{}21~kyr). We also observed four \{SST\} {\textquotedblleft}plateaus{\textquotedblright} with relatively warmer hydrographic stability in our records over the past 35~kyr: 32-27~ka, 24-20~ka, 17-12~ka, and 9-4~ka. The time scale of each plateau is \~{}4-6~kyr. Our study indicates that since the last glacial maximum (LGM), the sea level rise has been responsible for the Sunda shelf flooding and the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) from the South China Sea (SCS) to the eastern Indian Ocean, leaving a dominant fingerprint of a glacial to interglacial increase in \{SSTs\} since \~{}9.5~ka We further argue that the a most recent centennial to millennial scale cooling at \~{}3.5~ka observed in our \{SST\} record is a widespread event in the tropical Pacific, which has implications for advancing our understanding of the climate dynamics of the tropical oceans at these time scales.},
	keywords = {Quaternary},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.07.013},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216308722},
	author = {Ziye Li and Xuefa Shi and Min-Te Chen and Houjie Wang and Shengfa Liu and Jian Xu and Haiyan Long and Rainer Arief Troa and Rina Zuraida and Eko Triarso}
}
@article {2517,
	title = {A major increase in winter snowfall during the middle Holocene on western Greenland caused by reduced sea ice in Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Apr-05-2018},
	pages = {5302 - 5308},
	abstract = {Recent observations indicate that ice-ocean interaction drives much of the recent increase in mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet; however, the role of ocean forcing in driving past glacier change is poorly understood. To extend the observational record and our understanding of the ocean-cryosphere link, we used a multi-proxy approach that combines new data from proglacial lake sediments, C-14-dated in situ moss that recently emerged from beneath cold-based ice caps, and Be-10 ages to reconstruct centennial-scale records of mountain glacier activity for the past similar to 10 k. y. in West Greenland. Proglacial lake sediment records and C-14 dating of moss indicate the onset of Neoglaciation in West Greenland at ca. 5 ka with substantial snowline lowering and glacier expansion at ca. 3.7 ka followed by additional ice expansion phases at ca. 2.9, ca. 1.7, and ca. 1.4 ka and during the Little Ice Age. We find that widespread glacier growth at ca. 3.7 ka in West Greenland coincides with marked cooling and reduced strength of the West Greenland Current in Disko Bugt. The transition to cooler ocean conditions at ca. 3.7 ka identified in Disko Bugt is registered by marine proxy data farther afield in East Greenland and on the northwestern Icelandic shelf, implying large-scale paleoceanographic changes across the North Atlantic during this interval. The similarity between glacier change on West Greenland and multiple marine and terrestrial records across the North Atlantic suggests that glaciers are strongly influenced by changes in ocean circulation and consequently implies that the ocean-cryosphere teleconnection is a persistent feature of the Arctic system. 
},
	doi = {10.1002/2016GL068513},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016GL068513},
	author = {Thomas, Elizabeth K. and Briner, Jason P. and Ryan-Henry, John J. and Huang, Yongsong}
}
@article {Culver2016360,
	title = {Micropaleontologic record of Pliocene and Quaternary paleoenvironments in the southern Albemarle Embayment, North Carolina, U.S.A},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {457},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {360 - 379},
	abstract = {Abstract The Albemarle Embayment, a Cenozoic depositional basin on the Atlantic coast of the USA, is an ideal setting to understand the temporal and spatial variation of eustatic sea-level fluctuations, glacio-hydro-isostasy, tectonics, subsidence, environments and sedimentation patterns of a passive margin Quaternary section. A NE{\textendash}SW transect of cores and seismic data in the southern Albemarle Embayment were analyzed using micropaleontologic (foraminifera, diatoms, pollen), sedimentologic, stratigraphic, and geochronologic data to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental evolution and paleoclimates in the nearly 90 m thick Quaternary section. The study area is a very low gradient Quaternary landscape that is cross-cut by several Pleistocene incised valleys; a Holocene barrier island complex forms its eastern margin. In the subsurface, the Albemarle Embayment is bordered to the north by the Norfolk Arch and to the south by the depositionally-constructed Cape Lookout High, which is positioned on the northern flank of the structural Carolina Platform. The Quaternary section overlies mid-Pliocene carbonates in three cores; the contact rises in elevation towards the Cape Lookout High. Fossils and sediment characteristics suggest a subtropical, shallow, high energy marine environment during the Pliocene. Overlying units include incomplete Pleistocene, clastic, transgressive-regressive (T-R) deposits. These have similar ages and stratigraphic signatures as the T-R cycles in the central and north-central Albemarle Embayment, although mid-Pleistocene deposits may be older in the southern region. The bulk of the early and mid-Pleistocene record consists of inner to mid-shelf sand and muddy sand. In contrast, late Pleistocene sands are of inner shelf origin, reflecting the infilling of the basin. Lowstand paleovalleys, with fluvial, wetland and estuarine fill, dissect the early, mid- and late Pleistocene marine units; their locations reflect antecedent topography. Holocene sediments were deposited in shoreface and barrier island environments. Quaternary foraminiferal assemblages in the southern Albemarle Embayment exhibit greater species richness than those in the central and north-central embayment reflecting the presence of a major biogeographic boundary at the same location as the modern biogeographic boundary at Cape Hatteras.},
	keywords = {Holocene},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.05.017},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018216301572},
	author = {Stephen J. Culver and Kathleen M. Farrell and David J. Mallinson and Debra A. Willard and Benjamin P. Horton and Stanley R. Riggs and E. Robert Thieler and John F. Wehmiller and Peter R. Parham and Jessica Pierson Moore and Scott W. Snyder and Caroline Hillier}
}
@article {Toledo201650,
	title = {Plankton biochronology for the last 772,000 years from the western South Atlantic Ocean},
	journal = {Marine Micropaleontology},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {50 - 62},
	abstract = {Abstract Calcareous microfossils have potential in the biostratigraphy of Pleistocene sediments and a clear relationship with paleoceanographic studies. Conversely, there are few quantitative biostratigraphic studies of chronologically-tuned events or sections in the western South Atlantic. In order to improve the stratigraphical framework for South Atlantic paleoceanographic studies, the present work attempts to review the last 772,000 years by carrying out a quantitative analysis of the calcareous nannofossil and planktonic foraminiferal assemblages by comparing them with a high resolution marine isotopic record (δ18O). This work is based on the analysis of two piston cores obtained from the continental slope of the Santos Basin in the Santos Drift, southeastern Brazilian Continental Margin. Twelve Pleistocene calcareous nannofossil events and twenty planktonic foraminifera events calibrated with oxygen isotopes and correlated with literature stratigraphies are discussed. This is the first calcareous plankton biochronology study for the last 772 kyr in the western South Atlantic Ocean. More studies in this region will help to establish a more precise biochronology for these calcareous microfossils. This study also presents six new biostratigraphic events of isotopically-caibrated planktonic foraminifera which can be used as markers in the western South Atlantic.},
	keywords = {Biochronology},
	issn = {0377-8398},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2016.07.002},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377839816300561},
	author = {Felipe A.L. Toledo and Juliana P. Quadros and Edmundo Camillo Jr. and Ana Cl{\'a}udia A. Santarosa and Jos{\'e}-Abel Flores and Karen B. Costa}
}
@article {Turck201639,
	title = {Revisiting the resilience of Late Archaic hunter-gatherers along the Georgia coast},
	journal = {Journal of Anthropological Archaeology},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {39 - 55},
	abstract = {Abstract This paper addresses fisher-hunter-gatherer settlement and subsistence variability of the Georgia Coast during the Archaic-Woodland transition, framed within ideas derived from Resilience Theory, and focusing on systemic shifts, or {\textquotedblleft}collapse.{\textquotedblright} A critical examination of these shifts is needed to understand how communities experience change differentially, which in turn can lead to differential community resilience. Analysis of site file and radiocarbon date databases, as well as Bayesian modeling on a subset of dates, was performed at multiple scales and within distinct micro-environmental habitats. Results indicate that as sea levels dropped, there was continuity in Late Archaic occupation within deltaic areas of the coast, with intensive shellfishing occurring earlier (\~{}5000 cal. BP) and lasting longer (\~{}3500 cal. BP). In certain habitats, occupation may have continued into the following Early Woodland period. In non-deltaic areas, shellfishing occurs between 4500 and 3800 cal. BP, followed by subsistence changes and population movement. However, some of the post-3800 cal. \{BP\} occupations were fairly substantial. This differential experience of change between deltaic and non-deltaic areas was not accompanied by collapse: both areas had resilient communities. We conclude that inter-village relationships developed during the early Late Archaic period continued into the terminal portion, leading to resilience in the face of change.},
	keywords = {Archaic},
	issn = {0278-4165},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2016.05.006},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278416516300460},
	author = {John A. Turck and Victor D. Thompson}
}
@article {Thresher2016260,
	title = {Scale dependence of environmental and physiological correlates of δ18O and δ13C in the magnesium calcite skeletons of bamboo corals (Gorgonacea; Isididae)},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {187},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {260 - 278},
	abstract = {Abstract We examine in detail δ18O and δ13C in the calcite internodes of bamboo corals as potential proxies of physiological and environmental variability, through (a) a {\textquotedblleft}core top{\textquotedblright} calibration that includes specimens from a wide range of habitats and environmental conditions and (b) a comparison of high resolution serial point analyses along radial growth axes of a sub-set of specimens with each other, with instrumental temperature and salinity records, with growth rates and with a nominal skeletal proxy for temperature (Mg/Ca) in the same specimens. At the whole-of-specimen level, δ18O and the intercept of the strong within-specimen regression of δ18O against δ13C correlates highly with ambient temperatures at slopes that are identical to those reported for other marine biogenic carbonates (-0.22 per {\textdegree}C). δ13C varies predominantly with apparent specimen-mean growth rate. It also correlates with the slope of the within-specimen covariance between δ18O and δ13C, which in turn is distributed bi-modally among specimens and linked to differences in apparent growth rates. Within-specimens, variability in δ13C, and to a lesser extent δ18O, correlates between specimens collected in the same region and differs between regions, implying an environmental effect, but the factors involved for either isotope ratio are unclear. Correlations between δ18O and temperature (and Mg/Ca) range from positive to negative among specimens and appear to vary over time even within specimens. The mismatch between the consistent temperature-dependence of δ18O at the whole-of-specimen level and the mixed relationship within-specimens can be reconciled by assuming an unknown temperature-dependent factor affecting δ18O during the growth of Isidid calcite. The contrast between the results of the {\textquotedblleft}core top{\textquotedblright} temperature calibration for δ18O, which are consistent with studies of other carbonates, and the apparently more complex suite of factors affecting both δ13C and δ18O within specimens strongly suggests that calibrations based on a {\textquotedblleft}core top{\textquotedblright} approach be applied cautiously to environmental reconstructions based on variations of a nominal proxy within specimens.},
	keywords = {Temperature},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.024},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703716302678},
	author = {Ronald E. Thresher and Helen Neil}
}
@article {Toomey2016284,
	title = {Seismic evidence of glacial-age river incision into the Tahaa barrier reef, French Polynesia},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {380},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {284 - 289},
	abstract = {Abstract Rivers have long been recognized for their ability to shape reef-bound volcanic islands. On the time-scale of glacial{\textendash}interglacial sea-level cycles, fluvial incision of exposed barrier reef lagoons may compete with constructional coral growth to shape the coastal geomorphology of ocean islands. However, overprinting of Pleistocene landscapes by Holocene erosion or sedimentation has largely obscured the role lowstand river incision may have played in developing the deep lagoons typical of modern barrier reefs. Here we use high-resolution seismic imagery and core stratigraphy to examine how erosion and/or deposition by upland drainage networks has shaped coastal morphology on Tahaa, a barrier reef-bound island located along the Society Islands hotspot chain in French Polynesia. At Tahaa, we find that many channels, incised into the lagoon floor during Pleistocene sea-level lowstands, are located near the mouths of upstream terrestrial drainages. Steeper antecedent topography appears to have enhanced lowstand fluvial erosion along Tahaa{\textquoteright}s southwestern coast and maintained a deep pass. During highstands, upland drainages appear to contribute little sediment to refilling accommodation space in the lagoon. Rather, the flushing of fine carbonate sediment out of incised fluvial channels by storms and currents appears to have limited lagoonal infilling and further reinforced development of deep barrier reef lagoons during periods of highstand submersion.},
	keywords = {Morphology},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.04.008},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322716300548},
	author = {Michael R. Toomey and Jonathan D. Woodruff and Jeffrey P. Donnelly and Andrew D. Ashton and J. Taylor Perron}
}
@article {2490,
	title = {South Pacific hydrologic and cyclone variability during the last 3000 years},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-04-2016},
	pages = {491 - 504},
	abstract = {Major excursions in the position of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) and/or changes in its intensity are thought to drive tropical cyclone (TC) and precipitation variability across much of the central South Pacific. A lack of conventional sites typically used for multimillennial proxy reconstructions has limited efforts to extend observational rainfall/TC data sets and our ability to fully assess the risks posed to central Pacific islands by future changes in fresh water availability or the frequency of storm landfalls. Here we use the sedimentary record of Apu Bay, offshore the island of Tahaa, French Polynesia, to explore the relationship between SPCZ position/intensity and tropical cyclone overwash, resolved at decadal time scales, since 3200 years B.P. Changes in orbital precession and Pacific sea surface temperatures best explain evidence for a coordinated pattern of rainfall variability at Tahaa and across the Pacific over the late Holocene. Our companion record of tropical cyclone activity from Tahaa suggests major storm activity was higher between 2600-1500 years B.P., when decadal scale SPCZ variability may also have been stronger. A transition to lower storm frequency and a shift or expansion of the SPCZ toward French Polynesia around 1000 years B.P. may have prompted Polynesian migration into the central Pacific.},
	doi = {10.1002/2015PA002870},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015PA002870},
	author = {Toomey, Michael R. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Tierney, Jessica E.}
}
@article {2478,
	title = {Stability of peatland carbon to rising temperatures},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-12-2017},
	pages = {13723},
	abstract = {Peatlands contain one-third of soil carbon (C), mostly buried in deep, saturated anoxic zones (catotelm). The response of catotelm C to climate forcing is uncertain, because prior experiments have focused on surface warming. We show that deep peat heating of a 2 m-thick peat column results in an exponential increase in CH4 emissions. However, this response is due solely to surface processes and not degradation of catotelm peat. Incubations show that only the top 20{\textendash}30 cm of peat from experimental plots have higher CH4 production rates at elevated temperatures. Radiocarbon analyses demonstrate that CH4 and CO2 are produced primarily from decomposition of surface-derived modern photosynthate, not catotelm C. There are no differences in microbial abundances, dissolved organic matter concentrations or degradative enzyme activities among treatments. These results suggest that although surface peat will respond to increasing temperature, the large reservoir of catotelm C is stable under current anoxic conditions.},
	doi = {10.1038/ncomms13723},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ncomms13723},
	author = {Wilson, R. M. and Hopple, A. M. and Tfaily, M. M. and Sebestyen, S. D. and Schadt, C. W. and Pfeifer-Meister, L. and Medvedeff, C. and McFarlane, K. J. and Kostka, J. E. and Kolton, M. and Kolka, R.K. and Kluber, L. A. and Keller, J. K. and Guilderson, T. P. and Griffiths, N. A. and Chanton, J. P. and Bridgham, S. D. and Hanson, P. J.}
}
@article { ISI:000358139000002,
	title = {Climate forcing of unprecedented intense-hurricane activity in the last 2000 years},
	journal = {EARTHS FUTURE},
	volume = {3},
	number = {{2}},
	year = {2015},
	month = {FEB},
	pages = {49-65},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {How climate controls hurricane variability has critical implications for society is not well understood. In part, our understanding is hampered by the short and incomplete observational hurricane record. Here we present a synthesis of intense-hurricane activity from the western North Atlantic over the past two millennia, which is supported by a new, exceptionally well-resolved record from Salt Pond, Massachusetts (USA). At Salt Pond, three coarse grained event beds deposited in the historical interval are consistent with severe hurricanes in 1991 (Bob), 1675, and 1635 C.E., and provide modern analogs for 32 other prehistoric event beds. Two intervals of heightened frequency of event bed deposition between 1400 and 1675 C.E. (10 events) and 150 and 1150 C.E. (23 events), represent the local expression of coherent regional patterns in intense-hurricane-induced event beds. Our synthesis indicates that much of the western North Atlantic appears to have been active between 250 and 1150 C.E., with high levels of activity persisting in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico until 1400 C.E. This interval was one with relatively warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the main development region (MDR). A shift in activity to the North American east coast occurred ca. 1400 C.E., with more frequent severe hurricane strikes recorded from The Bahamas to New England between 1400 and 1675 C.E. A warm SST anomaly along the western North Atlantic, rather than within the MDR, likely contributed to the later active interval being restricted to the east coast.},
	keywords = {Climate change, common era, Holocene, sea surface temperature, tropical cyclones},
	issn = {2328-4277},
	doi = {10.1002/2014EF000274},
	author = {Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Lane, Philip and MacDonald, Dana and Shuman, Bryan N. and Toomey, Michael R. and van Hengstum, Peter J. and Woodruff, Jonathan D.}
}
@article {2559,
	title = {Climatic and biotic thresholds of coral-reef~shutdown},
	journal = {Nature Climate Change},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Nov-02-2016},
	pages = {369 - 374},
	abstract = {Climate change is now the leading cause of coral-reef degradation and is altering the adaptive landscape of coral populations1, 2. Increasing sea temperatures and declining carbonate saturation states are inhibiting short-term rates of coral calcification, carbonate precipitation and submarine cementation3, 4, 5. A critical challenge to coral-reef conservation is understanding the mechanisms by which environmental perturbations scale up to influence long-term rates of reef-framework construction and ecosystem function6, 7. Here we reconstruct climatic and oceanographic variability using corals sampled from a 6,750-year core from Pacific Panam{\'a}. Simultaneous reconstructions of coral palaeophysiology and reef accretion allowed us to identify the climatic and biotic thresholds associated with a 2,500-year hiatus in vertical accretion beginning ~4,100 years ago8. Stronger upwelling, cooler sea temperatures and greater precipitation{\textemdash}indicators of La Ni{\~n}a-like conditions{\textemdash}were closely associated with abrupt reef shutdown. The physiological condition of the corals deteriorated at the onset of the hiatus, corroborating theoretical predictions that the tipping points of radical ecosystem transitions should be manifested sublethally in the biotic constituents9. Future climate change could cause similar threshold behaviours, leading to another shutdown in reef development in the tropical eastern Pacific.},
	keywords = {Climate-change ecology, Palaeoceanography, Palaeoclimate, Palaeoecology},
	issn = {1758-678X},
	doi = {10.1038/nclimate2541},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nclimate2541},
	author = {Toth, Lauren T. and Aronson, Richard B. and Cobb, Kim M. and Cheng, Hai and Edwards, R. Lawrence and Grothe, Pamela R. and Sayani, Hussein R.}
}
@article { ISI:000364572000008,
	title = {An effective method of UV-oxidation of dissolved organic carbon in natural waters for radiocarbon analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA},
	volume = {14},
	number = {{6}},
	year = {2015},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {989-993},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon (C-14) measurement of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a very powerful tool to study the sources, transformation and cycling of carbon in the ocean. The technique, however, remains great challenges for complete and successful oxidation of sufficient DOC with low blanks for high precision carbon isotopic ratio analysis, largely due to the overwhelming proportion of salts and low DOC concentrations in the ocean. In this paper, we report an effective UV-Oxidation method for oxidizing DOC in natural waters for radiocarbon analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The UV-oxidation system and method show 95\%+/- 4\% oxidation efficiency and high reproducibility for DOC in both river and seawater samples. The blanks associated with the method was also low (about 3 A mu g C) that is critical for C-14 analysis. As a great advantage of the method, multiple water samples can be oxidized at the same time so it reduces the sample processing time substantially compared with other UV-oxidation method currently being used in other laboratories. We have used the system and method for C-14 studies of DOC in rivers, estuaries, and oceanic environments and have received promise results.},
	keywords = {AMS, dissolved organic carbon, natural waters, radiocarbon, UV-oxidation},
	issn = {1672-5182},
	doi = {10.1007/s11802-015-2935-z},
	author = {Xue Yuejun and Ge Tiantian and Wang Xuchen}
}
@article {2558,
	title = {Holocene variability in the intensity of wind-gap upwelling in the tropical eastern Pacific},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-08-2015},
	pages = {1113 - 1131},
	abstract = {Wind-driven upwelling in Pacific Panam{\'a} is a significant source of oceanographic variability in the tropical eastern Pacific. This upwelling system provides a critical teleconnection between the Atlantic and tropical Pacific that may impact climate variability on a global scale. Despite its importance to oceanographic circulation, ecology, and climate, little is known about the long-term stability of the Panamanian upwelling system or its interaction with climatic forcing on millennial time scales. Using a combination of radiocarbon and U-series dating of fossil corals collected in cores from five sites across Pacific Panam{\'a}, we reconstructed the local radiocarbon reservoir correction, ΔR, from ~6750 cal B.P. to present. Because the ΔR of shallow-water environments is elevated by upwelling, our data set represents a millennial-scale record of spatial and temporal variability of the Panamanian upwelling system. The general oceanographic gradient from relatively strong upwelling in the Gulf of Panam{\'a} to weak-to-absent upwelling in the Gulf of Chiriqu{\'\i} was present throughout our record; however, the intensity of upwelling in the Gulf of Panam{\'a} varied significantly through time. Our reconstructions suggest that upwelling in the Gulf of Panam{\'a} is weak at present; however, the middle Holocene was characterized by periods of enhanced upwelling, with the most intense upwelling occurring just after of a regional shutdown in the development of reefs at ~4100 cal B.P. Comparisons with regional climate proxies suggest that, whereas the Intertropical Convergence Zone is the primary control on modern upwelling in Pacific Panam{\'a}, the El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation drove the millennial-scale variability of upwelling during the Holocene.},
	doi = {10.1002/2015PA002794},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2015PA002794},
	author = {Toth, Lauren T. and Aronson, Richard B. and Cheng, Hai and Edwards, R. Lawrence}
}
@article {2469,
	title = {Isotope-Based Source Apportionment of EC Aerosol Particles during Winter High-Pollution Events at the Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jun-10-2015},
	pages = {11959 - 11966},
	abstract = {Black carbon (BC) aerosol particles contribute to climate warming of the Arctic, yet both the sources and the source-related effects are currently poorly constrained. Bottom-up emission inventory (EI) approaches are challenged for BC in general and the Arctic in particular. For example, estimates from three different EI models on the fractional contribution to BC from biomass burning (north of 60{\textdegree} N) vary between 11\% and 68\%, each acknowledging large uncertainties. Here we present the first dual-carbon isotope-based (Δ14C and δ13C) source apportionment of elemental carbon (EC), the mass-based correspondent to optically defined BC, in the Arctic atmosphere. It targeted 14 high-loading and high-pollution events during January through March of 2009 at the Zeppelin Observatory (79{\textdegree} N; Svalbard, Norway), with these representing one-third of the total sampling period that was yet responsible for three-quarters of the total EC loading. The top-down source-diagnostic 14C fingerprint constrained that 52 {\textpm} 15\% (n = 12) of the EC stemmed from biomass burning. Including also two samples with 95\% and 98\% biomass contribution yield 57 {\textpm} 21\% of EC from biomass burning. Significant variability in the stable carbon isotope signature indicated temporally shifting emissions between different fossil sources, likely including liquid fossil and gas flaring. Improved source constraints of Arctic BC both aids better understanding of effects and guides policy actions to mitigate emissions.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.5b02644},
	url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.5b02644http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.5b02644},
	author = {Winiger, Patrik and Andersson, August and Yttri, Karl E. and Tunved, Peter and Gustafsson, {\"O}rjan}
}
@article { ISI:000352212200018,
	title = {Late Holocene glacial advance and ice shelf growth in Barilari Bay, Graham Land, west Antarctic Peninsula},
	journal = {GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN},
	volume = {127},
	number = {{1-2}},
	year = {2015},
	month = {JAN-FEB},
	pages = {297-315},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Three marine sediment cores were collected along the length of the fjord axis of Barilari Bay, Graham Land, west Antarctic Peninsula (65 degrees 55{\textquoteright}S, 64 degrees 43{\textquoteright}W). Multi-proxy analytical results constrained by high-resolution geochronological methods (Pb-210, radiocarbon, Cs-137) in concert with historical observations capture a record of Holocene paleoenvironmental variability. Our results suggest early and middle Holocene (>7022-2815 cal. {[}calibrated] yr B.P.) retreated glacial positions and seasonally open marine conditions with increased primary productivity. Climatic cooling increased sea ice coverage and decreased primary productivity during the Neoglacial (2815 to cal. 730 cal. yr B.P.). This climatic cooling culminated with glacial advance to maximum Holocene positions and expansion of a fjord-wide ice shelf during the Little Ice Age (LIA) (ca. 730-82 cal. yr B.P.). Seasonally open marine conditions were achieved and remnant ice shelves decayed within the context of recent rapid regional warming (82 cal. yr B.P. to present). Our findings agree with previously observed late Holocene cooling and glacial advance across the Antarctic Peninsula, suggesting that the LIA was a regionally significant event with few disparities in timing and magnitude. Comparison of the LIA Antarctic Peninsula record to the rest of the Southern Hemisphere demonstrates close synchronicity in the southeast Pacific and southern most Atlantic region but less coherence for the southwest Pacific and Indian Oceans. Comparisons with the Northern Hemisphere demonstrate that the LIA Antarctic Peninsula record was contemporaneous with pre-LIA cooling and sea ice expansion in the North Atlantic-Arctic, suggesting a global reach for these events.},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/B31035.1},
	author = {Christ, Andrew J. and Talaia-Murray, Manique and Elking, Natalie and Domack, Eugene W. and Leventer, Amy and Lavoie, Caroline and Brachfeld, Stefanie and Yoo, Kyu-Cheul and Gilbert, Robert and Jeong, Sun-Mi and Petrushak, Stephen and Wellner, Julia and LARISSA Grp}
}
@article { ISI:000359889700007,
	title = {Millennial-scale fluctuations of the European Ice Sheet at the end of the last glacial, and their potential impact on global climate},
	journal = {QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2015},
	month = {SEP 1},
	pages = {113-133},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Reconstructing Northern Hemisphere ice-sheet oscillations and meltwater routing to the ocean is important to better understand the mechanisms behind abrupt climate changes. To date, research efforts have mainly focused on the North American (Laurentide) ice-sheets (LIS), leaving the potential role of the European Ice Sheet (EIS), and of the Scandinavian ice-sheet (SIS) in particular, largely unexplored. Using neodymium isotopes in detrital sediments deposited off the Channel River, we provide a continuous and well-dated record for the evolution of the EIS southern margin through the end of the last glacial period and during the deglaciation. Our results reveal that the evolution of EIS margins was accompanied with substantial ice recession (especially of the SIS) and simultaneous release of meltwater to the North Atlantic. These events occurred both in the course of the EIS to its LGM position (i.e., during Heinrich Stadial -HS- 3 and HS2; similar to 31-29 ka and similar to 26-23 ka, respectively) and during the deglaciation (i.e., at similar to 22 ka, similar to 20-19 ka and from 18.2 +/- 0.2 to 16.7 +/- 0.2 ka that corresponds to the first part of HS1). The deglaciation was discontinuous in character, and similar in timing to that of the southern LIS margin, with moderate ice-sheet retreat (from 22.5 +/- 0.2 ka in the Baltic lowlands) as soon as the northern summer insolation increase (from similar to 23 ka) and an acceleration of the margin retreat thereafter (from similar to 20 ka). Importantly, our results show that EIS retreat events and release of meltwater to the North Atlantic during the deglaciation coincide with AMOC destabilisation and interhemispheric climate changes. They thus suggest that the EIS, together with the LIS, could have played a critical role in the climatic reorganization that accompanied the last deglaciation. Finally, our data suggest that meltwater discharges to the North Atlantic produced by large-scale recession of continental parts of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during HS, could have been a possible source for the oceanic perturbations (i.e., AMOC shutdown) responsible for the marine-based ice stream purge cycle, or so-called HE{\textquoteright}s, that punctuate the last glacial period. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Channel River, Deglaciation, European ice-sheet, Meltwater, Neodymium, Termination},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.06.010},
	author = {Toucanne, Samuel and Soulet, Guillaume and Freslon, Nicolas and Jacinto, Ricardo Silva and Dennielou, Bernard and Zaragosi, Sebastien and Eynaud, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}rique and Bourillet, Jean-Francois and Bayon, Germain}
}
@article {24,
	title = {Sedimentary response to Milankovitch-type climatic oscillations and formation of sediment undulations: evidence from a shallow-shelf setting at Gela Basin on the Sicilian continental margin},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {108},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {76-94},
	abstract = {A multi-proxy chronological framework along with sequence-stratigraphic interpretations unveils composite Milankovitch cyclicity in the sedimentary records of the Last Glacial{\textendash}Interglacial cycle at NE Gela Basin on the Sicilian continental margin. Chronostratigraphic data (including foraminifera-based eco-biostratigraphy and δ18O records, tephrochronological markers and 14C AMS radiometric datings) was derived from the shallow-shelf drill sites GeoB14403 (54.6 m recovery) and GeoB14414 (27.5 m), collected with both gravity and drilled MeBo cores in 193 m and 146 m water depth, respectively. The recovered intervals record Marine Isotope Stages and Substages (MIS) from MIS 5 to MIS 1, thus comprising major stratigraphic parts of the progradational deposits that form the last 100-ka depositional sequence. Calibration of shelf sedimentary units with borehole stratigraphies indicates the impact of higher-frequency (20-ka) sea level cycles punctuating this 100-ka cycle. This becomes most evident in the alternation of thick interstadial highstand (HST) wedges and thinner glacial forced-regression (FSST) units mirroring seaward shifts in coastal progradation. Albeit their relatively short-lived depositional phase, these subordinate HST units form the bulk of the 100-ka depositional sequence. Two mechanisms are proposed that likely account for enhanced sediment accumulation ratios (SAR) of up to 200 cm/ka during these intervals: (1) intensified activity of deep and intermediate Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) associated to the drowning of Mediterranean shelves, and (2) amplified sediment flux along the flooded shelf in response to hyperpycnal plumes that generate through extreme precipitation events during overall arid conditions. Equally, the latter mechanism is thought to be at the origin of undulated features resolved in the acoustic records of MIS 5 Interstadials, which bear a striking resemblance to modern equivalents forming on late-Holocene prodeltas of other Mediterranean shallow-shelf settings.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.030},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379114004260},
	author = {Kuhlmann, Jannis and Asioli, Alessandra and Trincardi, Fabio and Kl{\"u}gel, Andreas and Huhn, Katrin}
}
@article {16,
	title = {A warm and poorly ventilated deep Arctic Mediterranean during the last glacial period},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {349},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {706-710},
	abstract = {Changes in the formation of dense water in the Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas [the {\textquotedblleft}Arctic Mediterranean{\textquotedblright} (AM)] probably contributed to the altered climate of the last glacial period. We examined past changes in AM circulation by reconstructing radiocarbon ventilation ages of the deep Nordic Seas over the past 30,000 years. Our results show that the glacial deep AM was extremely poorly ventilated (ventilation ages of up to 10,000 years). Subsequent episodic overflow of aged water into the mid-depth North Atlantic occurred during deglaciation. Proxy data also suggest that the deep glacial AM was ~2{\textdegree} to 3{\textdegree}C warmer than modern temperatures; deglacial mixing of the deep AM with the upper ocean thus potentially contributed to the melting of sea ice, icebergs, and terminal ice-sheet margins.},
	doi = {10.1126/science.aaa9554},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/349/6249/706.abstract},
	author = {Thornalley, D. J. R. and Bauch, H. A. and Gebbie, G. and Guo, W. and Ziegler, M. and Bernasconi, S. M. and Barker, S. and Skinner, L. C. and Yu, J.}
}
@article {552,
	title = {Composition and origin of authigenic carbonates in the Krishna-Godavari and Mahanadi Basins, eastern continental margin of India},
	journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2014},
	note = {AAy4wyTimes Cited:5Cited References Count:63},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {438-460},
	abstract = {The mineralogical and stable isotopic composition of authigenic carbonates from the Krishna-Godavari (KG) and Mahanadi Basin provide a deeper insight into the processes inducing carbonate formation in the sediments of the eastern continental margin of India in the Bay of Bengal. Authigenic carbonate cements, (micro) nodules, bioturbation casts and tubes from 12 core locations drilled during the Indian National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP) Expedition 01 were investigated for this study. Three main processes responsible for authigenic carbonate precipitation are identified: organoclastic sulfate reduction, anaerobic oxidation of methane and methanogenesis. Evidence of vigorous methane seepage is indicated in carbonates recovered at Sites 7, 10, 12 (KG Basin) and 19 (Mahanadi Basin). These methane-derived carbonates display typical paragenetic carbonate mineralogies (aragonite, high-Mg calcite with >15 Mol\% MgCO3, Ca-rich dolomite). Two separate horizons of methane derived-carbonates are correlated between 4 drill holes (up to \~{}16 km apart). The upper horizon has been dated with 14C (40,100 {\textendash} 51,600 a B.P. 1950) clearly indicating that methane seepage has been much more vigorous in the past possibly due to a glacial sea level lowstand.},
	issn = {0264-8172},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.08.023},
	author = {Teichert, B. M. A. and Johnson, J. E. and Solomon, E. A. and Giosan, L. and Rose, K. and Kocherla, M. and Connolly, E. C. and Torres, M. E.}
}
@article {50,
	title = {Delta growth and river valleys: the influence of climate and sea level changes on the South Adriatic shelf (Mediterranean Sea)},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {99},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {146-163},
	abstract = {Incised valleys across continental margins represent the response of fluvial systems to changes in their equilibrium dynamics, mainly driven by base level fall forced by glacial{\textendash}eustatic cycles. The Manfredonia Incised Valley formed during the last glacial sea level lowstand, when most of the southern Adriatic shelf was sub-aerially exposed but the outer shelf remained under water. The pronounced upstream deepening of the valley is ascribed to river incision of the MIS5e highstand coastal prism and related subaqueous clinoform under the influence of MIS5-4 sea level fluctuations, while the downstream shallowing and narrowing mainly reflects the impact of increased rates of sea level fall at the MIS3-2 transition on a flatter mid-outer shelf. Until 15 ka BP, the valley fed an asymmetric delta confined to the mid-outer shelf, testifying that continental and deep marine systems remained disconnected during the lowstand. Sea level rise reached the inner shelf during the Early Holocene, drowning the valley and leading to the formation of a sheltered embayment confined toward the land: at this time part of the incision remained underfilled with a marked bathymetric expression. This mini-basin was rapidly filled by sandy bayhead deltas, prograding from both the northern and southern sides of the valley. In this environment, protected by marine reworking and where sediment dispersal was less effective, the accommodation space was reduced and autogenic processes forced the formation of multiple and coalescing delta lobes. Bayhead delta progradations occurred in few centuries, between 8 and 7.2 ka cal BP, confirming the recent hypothesis that in this area the valley was filled during the formation of sapropel S1. This proximal valley fill, representing the very shallow-water equivalent of the cm-thick sapropel layers accumulated offshore in the deeper southern Adriatic basin, is of key importance in following the signature of the sapropel in a facies-tract ideally from the shoreline to the abyss.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.06.014},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379114002431},
	author = {Maselli, V. and Trincardi, F. and Asioli, A. and Ceregato, A. and Rizzetto, F. and Taviani, M.}
}
@article {2560,
	title = {A depth refugium from catastrophic coral bleaching prevents regional extinction},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {95},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-06-2014},
	pages = {1663 - 1673},
	abstract = {Species intolerant of changing climate might avoid extinction within refugia buffered from extreme conditions. Refugia have been observed in the fossil record but are not well documented or understood on ecological time scales. Using a 37-year record from the eastern Pacific across the two most severe El Nin o events on record (1982-1983 and 1997- 1998) we show how an exceptionally thermally sensitive reef-building hydrocoral, Millepora intricata, twice survived catastrophic bleaching in a deeper-water refuge (.11 m depth). During both events, M. intricata was extirpated across its range in shallow water, but showed recovery within several years, while two other hydrocorals without deep-water populations were driven to regional extinction. Evidence from the subfossil record in the same area showed shallow-water persistence of abundant M. intricata populations from 5000 years ago, through severe El Nin o-Southern Oscillation cycles, suggesting a potential depth refugium on a millennial timescale. Our data confirm the deep refuge hypothesis for corals under thermal stress. {\textcopyright} 2014 by the Ecological Society of America.},
	keywords = {Coral bleaching, Coral mortality, Depth refuge, Eastern Tropical Pacific, El Nino-Southern Oscillation, Extinction, Holocene, Millepora, Refuge},
	issn = {0012-9658},
	doi = {10.1890/13-0468.1},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1890/13-0468.1},
	author = {Smith, Tyler B. and Glynn, Peter W. and {\'e}, Juan L. and Toth, Lauren T. and Gyory, Joanna}
}
@article {69,
	title = {Holocene sea-surface temperature variability in the Chilean fjord region},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {342-353},
	abstract = {Here we provide three new Holocene (11{\textendash}0 cal ka BP) alkenone-derived sea surface temperature (SST) records from the southernmost Chilean fjord region (50{\textendash}53{\textdegree}S). SST estimates may be biased towards summer temperature in this region, as revealed by a large set of surface sediments. The Holocene records show consistently warmer than present-day SSTs except for the past ~ 0.6 cal ka BP. However, they do not exhibit an early Holocene temperature optimum as registered further north off Chile and in Antarctica. This may have resulted from a combination of factors including decreased inflow of warmer open marine waters due to lower sea-level stands, enhanced advection of colder and fresher inner fjord waters, and stronger westerly winds. During the mid-Holocene, pronounced short-term variations of up to 2.5{\textdegree}C and a cooling centered at ~ 5 cal ka BP, which coincides with the first Neoglacial glacier advance in the Southern Andes, are recorded. The latest Holocene is characterized by two pronounced cold events centered at ~ 0.6 and 0.25 cal ka BP, i.e., during the Little Ice Age. These cold events have lower amplitudes in the offshore records, suggesting an amplification of the SST signal in the inner fjords.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2014.07.009},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589414000933},
	author = {Caniup{\'a}n, Magaly and Lamy, Frank and Lange, Carina B. and Kaiser, J{\'e}r{\^o}me and Kilian, Rolf and Arz, Helge W. and Le{\'o}n, Tania and Mollenhauer, Gesine and Sandoval, Susana and De Pol-Holz, Ricardo and Pantoja, Silvio and Wellner, Julia and Tiedemann, Ralf}
}
@article {2585,
	title = {Indonesian vegetation response to changes in rainfall seasonality over the past 25,000 years},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {7449278721172063253871891072011563523665412739429544323},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-06-2014},
	pages = {513 - 517},
	abstract = {The hydrologic response to climate forcing in the Indo-Pacific warm pool region has varied spatially over the past 25,000 years1, 2, 3, 4, 5. For example, drier conditions are inferred on Java and Borneo for the period following the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, whereas wetter conditions are reconstructed for northwest Australia4. The response of vegetation to these past rainfall variations is poorly constrained. Using a suite of 30 surface marine sediment samples from throughout the Indo-Pacific warm pool, we demonstrate that today the stable isotopic composition of vascular plant fatty acids (δ13Cfa) reflects the regional vegetation composition. This in turn is controlled by the seasonality of rainfall consistent with dry season water stress6. Applying this proxy in a sediment core from offshore northeast Borneo, we show broadly similar vegetation cover during the Last Glacial Maximum and the Holocene, suggesting that, despite generally drier glacial conditions1, 7, there was no pronounced dry season. In contrast, δ13Cfa and pollen data from a core off the coast of Sumba indicate an expansion of C4 herbs during the most recent glaciation, implying enhanced aridity and water stress during the dry season. Holocene vegetation trends are also consistent with a response to dry season water stress. We therefore conclude that vegetation in tropical monsoon regions is susceptible to increases in water stress arising from an enhanced seasonality of rainfall, as has occurred8 in past decades.},
	keywords = {Palaeoclimate, Palaeoecology},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/ngeo2182},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ngeo2182},
	author = {Dubois, Nathalie and Oppo, Delia W. and Galy, Valier V. and Mohtadi, Mahyar and van der Kaars, Sander and Tierney, Jessica E. and Rosenthal, Yair and Eglinton, Timothy I. and L?ckge, Andreas and Linsley, Braddock K.}
}
@article {37,
	title = {Microbial biomarkers support organic carbon transport from methane-rich Amazon wetlands to the shelf and deep sea fan during recent and glacial climate conditions},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {85-98},
	abstract = {We have investigated the delivery of terrestrial organic carbon (OC) to the Amazon shelf and deep sea fan based on soil marker bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs; adenosylhopane and related compounds) and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), as well as on 14C dating of bulk organic matter. The microbial biomarker records show persistent burial of terrestrial OC, evidenced by almost constant and high BIT values (0.6) and soil marker BHP concentration [80{\textendash}230 μg/g TOC (total OC)] on the late Holocene shelf and even higher BIT values (0.8{\textendash}0.9), but lower and more variable soil-marker BHP concentration (40{\textendash}100 μg/g TOC), on the past glacial deep sea fan. Radiocarbon data show that OC on the shelf is 3{\textendash}4 kyr older than corresponding bivalve shells, emphasizing the presence of old carbon in this setting. We observe comparable and unexpectedly invariant BHP composition in both marine sediment records, with a remarkably high relative abundance of C-35 amino BHPs including compounds specific for aerobic methane oxidation on the shelf (avg. 50\% of all BHPs) and the fan (avg. 40\%). Notably, these marine BHP signatures are strikingly similar to those of a methane-producing floodplain area in one of the Amazonian wetland (v{\'a}rzea) regions. The observation indicates that BHPs in the marine sediments may have initially been produced within wetland regions of the Amazon basin and may therefore document persistent export from terrestrial wetland regions, with subsequent re-working in the marine environment, both during recent and past glacial climate conditions.},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.12.003},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638013002714},
	author = {Wagner, Thomas and Kallweit, Wiebke and Talbot, Helen M. and Mollenhauer, Gesine and Boom, Arnoud and Zabel, Matthias}
}
@article { ISI:000337285500012,
	title = {Organic matter transformation in the peat column at Marcell Experimental Forest: Humification and vertical stratification},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES},
	volume = {119},
	number = {{4}},
	year = {2014},
	month = {APR 28},
	pages = {661-675},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We characterized peat decomposition at the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF), Minnesota, USA, to a depth of 2m to ascertain the underlying chemical changes using Fourier transform infrared (FT IR) and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy) and related these changes to decomposition proxies C:N ratio, C-13 and N-15, bulk density, and water content. FT IR determined that peat humification increased rapidly between 30 and 75cm, indicating a highly reactive intermediate-depth zone consistent with changes in C:N ratio, C-13 and N-15, bulk density, and water content. Peat decomposition at the MEF, especially in the intermediate-depth zone, is mainly characterized by preferential utilization of O-alkyl-C, carboxyl-C, and other oxygenated functionalities with a concomitant increase in the abundance of alkyl- and nitrogen-containing compounds. Below 75cm, less change was observed but aromatic functionalities and lignin accumulated with depth. Significant correlations with humification indices, identified by FT IR spectroscopy, were found for C:N ratios. Incubation studies at 22 degrees C revealed the highest methane production rates, greatest CH4:CO2 production ratios, and significant O-alkyl-C utilization within this 30 and 75cm zone. Oxygen-containing functionalities, especially O-alkyl-C, appear to serve as excellent proxies for soil decomposition rate and should be a sensitive indicator of the response of the solid phase peat to increased temperatures caused by climate change and the field study manipulations that are planned to occur at this site. Radiocarbon signatures of microbial respiration products in deeper pore waters at the MEF resembled the signatures of more modern dissolved organic carbon rather than solid phase peat, indicating that recently photosynthesized organic matter fueled the bulk of subsurface microbial respiration. These results indicate that carbon cycling at depth at the MEF is not isolated from surface processes.},
	keywords = {FT-IR spectroscopy, humification, NMR spectroscopy, organic matter, peatlands, vertical stratification},
	issn = {2169-8953},
	doi = {10.1002/2013JG002492},
	author = {Tfaily, Malak M. and Cooper, William T. and Kostka, Joel E. and Chanton, Patrick R. and Schadt, Christopher W. and Hanson, Paul J. and Iversen, Colleen M. and Chanton, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {63,
	title = {Origin, composition, and transformation of dissolved organic matter in tropical peatlands},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {137},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {35-47},
	abstract = {Solid and dissolved organic matter (DOM) compositions were investigated in a pristine and a deforested tropical peat forest in Brunei Darussalam. A combination of elemental (\%C, \%N, C/N), isotopic (δ15N, δ13C, Δ14C), molecular (lignin phenol biomarkers) and optical (Specific UV Absorbance at 280 nm (SUVA280), fluorescence index (FI)) analyses were performed to characterize DOM in porewater and river water. The DOM composition was compared to vegetation and peat to assess DOM origin and transformations in the ecosystem. Significant relationships were observed between optical properties (SUVA280, FI) and bulk (Δ14C) and molecular (ratio of cinnamyl to vanillyl phenols, C/V) composition of DOM. The radiocarbon content of DOM shows that it is modern at both sites for both surface and deep (to 4.5 m) samples (Δ14C = 74.58 {\textpm} 8.53{\textperthousand} at the pristine site and Δ14C = 87.84 {\textpm} 4.5{\textperthousand} at the deforested site for the first 2 meters), indicating transport of young DOM to deeper layers. Stable carbon-13 content of vegetation, peat and DOM showed only slight fractionation and ranged from -32.2{\textperthousand} to -28.3{\textperthousand}. Nitrogen showed a greater shift between ecosystem pools. Nitrogen-15 content was higher in the solid peat (δ15N = -0.92 {\textpm} 0.49{\textperthousand} in the pristine site, δ15N = -1.22 {\textpm} 1.37{\textperthousand} in the deforested site) than in DOM (δ15N = -4.2 {\textpm} 2.5{\textperthousand} in the pristine site, δ15N = -4.1 {\textpm} 2.3{\textperthousand} in the deforested site). This difference in δ15N is significantly correlated with the C/N values of peat and DOM and attributable to higher microbial degradation in the peat compared to DOM. Porewater DOM contains less lignin (λ8 = 1.10 {\textpm} 0.27 mg 100 mg dw-1 in the pristine site and λ8 = 1.38 {\textpm} 0.46 mg 100 mg dw-1 in the deforested site) than does the solid peat (λ8 = 5.66 {\textpm} 2.14 mg 100 mg dw-1 in the pristine site and λ8 = 10.29 {\textpm} 4.69 mg 100 mg dw-1 in the deforested site). All indicators of lignin degradation (P/(V + S), 3,5Bd/V, (Ad/Al)V, (Ad/Al)S) are significantly higher in DOM than in the solid peat. This shows that lignin can be processed rapidly in the porewater of upper layers of tropical peatlands. Logging activity affected the composition of organic matter at the deforested site. Higher lignin content (λ8) was observed in the solid peat, and the composition of DOM differed greatly in the deforested site: Δ14C, FI, 3,5Bd/V, (Ad/Al)V are significantly different from the pristine site. Thus it appears that the composition of DOM is more sensitive than the solid phase to the effects of land use change on organic matter dynamic in tropical peatlands.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2014.03.012},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703714001768},
	author = {Gandois, L. and Teisserenc, R. and Cobb, A. R. and Chieng, H. I. and Lim, L. B. L. and Kamariah, A. S. and Hoyt, A. and Harvey, C. F.}
}
@article {547,
	title = {Sedimentary and faunal signatures of the post-glacial marine drowning of the Pontocaspian Gemlik {\textquotedblleft}lake{\textquotedblright} (Sea of Marmara)},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {345},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {11-17},
	abstract = {A Late Pleistocene (Neoeuxinian) Pontocaspian fauna is documented from sediments cored at̴ \~{}75 m present water depth in the shallow-silled (\~{}50 m) Gulf of Gemlik, Sea of Marmara. As determined by AMS-14C dating of Pontocaspian gastropods (15,860 {\textpm} 90 BP uncal.), the age of such fauna is consistent with known episodes of Caspian overflow into the Black Sea Basin (Early Hvalynian floods). The fossil mollusc fauna is relatively diverse (12 non-marine taxa), made up of neritid and hydrobioid gastropods, and dreissenid and lymnocardiine bivalves. The presence of hitherto poorly known Pontocaspian taxa in the Sea of Marmara, further documented by the record in Gulf of Gemlik, seems to document that the Neoeuxinian Sea extended south of the Bosporus in the latest Pleistocene. Further, they provide insight into the origin of the modern Black Sea Pontocaspian taxa. The Gemlik Neoeuxinian lacustrine-brackish fauna under scrutiny is the westernmost known expansion of the Pontocaspian domain during the Late Pleistocene. This distinct biogeographic faunal affinity, with all its eastbound implications in terms of landscape and seaway connections, came to an end with the abrupt marine inundation that accompanied the postglacial sea-level rise from the Mediterranean Sea.},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2014.05.045},
	author = {Taviani, M. and Angeletti, L. and Cagatay, M. N. and Gasperini, L. and Polonia, A. and Wesselingh, F. P.}
}
@article {65,
	title = {Sedimentation patterns on a cold-water coral mound off Mauritania},
	journal = {Biology and Geology of Deep-Sea Coral Ecosystems: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Deep Sea Corals},
	volume = {99},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {307-315},
	abstract = {An unconformity-bound glacial sequence (135 cm thick) of a coral-bearing sediment core collected from the flank of a cold-water coral mound in the Banda Mound Province off Mauritania was analysed. In order to study the relation between coral framework growth and its filling by hemipelagic sediments, U-series dates obtained from the cold-water coral species Lophelia pertusa were compared to 14C dates of planktonic foraminifera of the surrounding matrix sediments. The coral ages, ranging from 45.1 to 32.3 ka BP, exhibit no clear depositional trend, while on the other hand the 14C dates of the matrix sediment provide ages within a much narrower time window of <3000 yrs (34.6{\textendash}31.8 cal ka BP), corresponding to the latest phase of the coral growth period. In addition, high-resolution computer tomography data revealed a subdivision of the investigated sediment package into three distinct parts, defined by the portion and fragmentation of corals and associated macrofauna as well as in the density of the matrix sediments. Grain size spectra obtained on the matrix sediments show a homogeneous pattern throughout the core sediment package, with minor variations. These features are interpreted as indicators of redeposition. Based on the observed structures and the dating results, the sediments were interpreted as deposits of a mass wasting event, namely a debris flow. During this event, the sediment unit must have been entirely mixed; resulting in averaging of the foraminifera ages from the whole unit and giving randomly distributed coral ages. In this context, for the first time mass wasting is proposed to be a substantial process of mound progradation by exporting material from the mound top to the flanks. Hence, it may not only be an erosional feature but also widening the base of the mound, thus allowing further vertical mound growth.},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.07.004},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064513002762},
	author = {Eisele, Markus and Frank, Norbert and Wienberg, Claudia and Titschack, J{\"u}rgen and Mienis, Furu and Beuck, Lydia and Tisnerat-Laborde, Nadine and Hebbeln, Dierk}
}
@article {556,
	title = {Sites forlorn: dating intervals of abandonment at three shell middens on Santa Cruz Island, California using Bayesian chronological models},
	journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Au6tmTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:55},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {633-644},
	abstract = {Archaeologists interested in variable mobility patterns and the factors that influence them rely on chronometric data to illuminate repetitive cycles of occupation, abandonment, and reoccupation. This article establishes and interrogates Bayesian chronological models in order to provide formal age estimates for two distinct intervals of site abandonment at three substantial multi-component shell middens from Santa Cruz Island, California. The earlier, more protracted interval of abandonment (ca. 2629{\textendash}1698 cal. BP) following terminal Early Period occupation at each site location represents a temporal datum for a series of significant cultural, demographic, and technological developments throughout the region. I propose that this interval of localized site abandonments indicates a period of reorganization provoked by a shift in the paleoenvironment, a preliminary hypothesis that requires further testing. This research calls for development of similarly rigorous site chronologies on Santa Cruz Island and throughout the region that will shed further light on the validity of the temporal gaps documented in this analysis and most certainly will facilitate the development of additional hypotheses. More broadly, this article highlights the implementation and benefit of a Bayesian approach to building and interrogating site chronologies.},
	issn = {0305-4403},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jas.2014.03.029},
	author = {Thakar, H. B.}
}
@article {60,
	title = {Vertebral Bomb Radiocarbon Suggests Extreme Longevity in White Sharks},
	journal = {Plos One},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2014},
	note = {PT: J; TC: 0; UT: WOS:000329862500089},
	pages = {e84006-e84006},
	abstract = {Conservation and management efforts for white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) remain hampered by a lack of basic demographic information including age and growth rates. Sharks are typically aged by counting growth bands sequentially deposited in their vertebrae, but the assumption of annual deposition of these band pairs requires testing. We compared radiocarbon (Delta C-14) values in vertebrae from four female and four male white sharks from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean (NWA) with reference chronologies documenting the marine uptake of C-14 produced by atmospheric testing of thermonuclear devices to generate the first radiocarbon age estimates for adult white sharks. Age estimates were up to 40 years old for the largest female (fork length [FL]: 526 cm) and 73 years old for the largest male (FL: 493 cm). Our results dramatically extend the maximum age and longevity of white sharks compared to earlier studies, hint at possible sexual dimorphism in growth rates, and raise concerns that white shark populations are considerably more sensitive to human-induced mortality than previously thought.},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0084006},
	author = {Hamady, Li Ling and Natanson, Lisa J. and Skomal, Gregory B. and Thorrold, Simon R.}
}
@article { ISI:000319344100038,
	title = {Annually Resolved Ice Core Records of Tropical Climate Variability over the Past similar to 1800 Years},
	journal = {SCIENCE},
	volume = {340},
	number = {{6135}},
	year = {2013},
	month = {MAY 24},
	pages = {945-950},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Ice cores from low Latitudes can provide a wealth of unique information about past climate in the tropics, but they are difficult to recover and few exist. Here, we report annually resolved ice core records from the Quelccaya ice cap (5670 meters above sea level) in Peru that extend back similar to 1800 years and provide a high-resolution record of climate variability there. Oxygen isotopic ratios (delta O-18) are linked to sea surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific, whereas concentrations of ammonium and nitrate document the dominant role played by the migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the region of the tropical Andes. Quetccaya continues to retreat and thin. Radiocarbon dates on wetland plants exposed along its retreating margins indicate that it has not been smaller for at least six millennia.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1234210},
	author = {Thompson, L. G. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Davis, M. E. and Zagorodnov, V. S. and Howat, I. M. and Mikhatenko, V. N. and Lin, P. -N.}
}
@article {117,
	title = {Changes in sub-fossil chironomid assemblages in two Northern Patagonian lake systems associated to the occurrence of historical fires},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2121},
	pages = {41-56},
	abstract = {Patagonia is commonly seen as an exceptionally pristine area because of its wildlife and practically unpolluted waters. However, during the twentieth century the burning of natural forests was one of the most important human activities in Northern Chilean Patagonia. Some estimations indicate that three million hectares were burned during the first three decades of the century. Hence the objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of the historical fires in Lake Burgos (45{\textordmasculine}42'S) and Lake Thompson (45{\textordmasculine}38'S) in Chilean Patagonia. The impact was measured by evaluating chironomid assemblage since they are sensitive enough to be used as an indicator of aquatic ecosystem health. Fires have a direct and drastic effect on a lake watershed but also indirectly affect a lake ecosystem, changing sedimentation patterns or increasing nutrient inputs. In the studied lakes the periods with higher prevalence of fires were identified by charcoal analysis, while organic matter and magnetic susceptibility allowed the confirmation of pre-fire and post-fire periods. The chironomid composition was evaluated through a PCA and an analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) to test the significance among periods while a Detrended Correspondence Analysis was applied to the chironomid assemblage downcore to assess compositional structure and taxa turnover. In Lake Burgos the ANOSIM test indicated significant differences between the pre-fire and fire periods (p},
	doi = {10.1007/s10933-013-9703-0},
	author = {Araneda, A. and Ortega, C. and Jana, P. and Torrejon, F. and Bertrand, S. and Vargas, P. and Fagel, N. and Alvarez, D. and Urrutia, R.}
}
@article {2579,
	title = {Great longevity of speckled hind ( Epinephelus drummondhayi), a deep-water grouper, with novel use of postbomb radiocarbon dating in the Gulf of Mexico},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-08-2013},
	pages = {1131 - 1140},
	abstract = {Growth characteristics are poorly understood for speckled hind (Epinephelus drummondhayi), a tropical deep-water grouper of economic importance that is considered overfished. Age has been validated for early growth, but the validity of adult age estimates is unknown. A few studies of growth zones in otoliths have revealed maximum age estimates of 15{\textendash}35 years, which have been uncritically assumed as longevity. To answer questions about adult age, bomb radiocarbon dating was used to provide validated age estimates. A novel aspect of this study was use of the postbomb radiocarbon decline period (ca. 1980{\textendash}2004) to age younger fish, an approach that was validated with known-age otoliths. Bomb radiocarbon dating provided valid length-at-age estimates ranging from \~{}5 years to more than 45 years. Age was unexpectedly greater than previous estimates for more than half the fish used in this study, and longevity may approach 60{\textendash}80 years. This study extends the utility of bomb radiocarbon dating by more than 20 years and adds to the growing perspective that deep-water tropical fishes can be long-lived},
	issn = {0706-652X},
	doi = {10.1139/cjfas-2012-0537},
	url = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjfas-2012-0537},
	author = {Andrews, Allen H. and Barnett, Beverly K. and Allman, Robert J. and Moyer, Ryan P. and Trowbridge, Hannah D. and Gillanders, Bronwyn}
}
@article {2500,
	title = {Heightened hurricane activity on the Little Bahama Bank from 1350 to 1650 AD},
	journal = {Elsevier},
	volume = {86},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {103-115},
	abstract = {Deciphering how the climate system has controlled North Atlantic tropical cyclone activity through the Holocene will require a larger observational network of prehistoric hurricane activity. Problematically, the tropical North Atlantic is dominated by carbonate landscapes that typically preserve poorer quality coastal sediment records in comparison to their temperate-region counterparts (e.g., sedimentation continuity and rate). Coastal karst basins (CKBs), such as sinkholes, blueholes, and underwater caves, are widely distributed on carbonate platforms and contain overlooked sedimentary records. Here we present a millennium of hurricane deposits on the Little Bahama Bank archived in a 165 cm core that was extracted from 69 m below sea level in a bluehole on Great Abaco Island, The Bahamas. The coarse- grained overwash deposits associated with both hurricanes Jeanne (2004) and Floyd (1999) were identified using radioisotopes (137Cs,14
C,210Pb), and indicate that the bluehole is sensitive to hurricane- induced sedimentation. Over the last millennium, the Little Bahama Bank experienced heightened hurricane activity from 1350 to 1650 AD. The simplest explanation for this active interval is that favorable climate conditions (El Ni{\~n}o, West African Monsoon, and sea surface temperatures) encouraged North Atlantic hurricane activity at that time. However, asynchronous hurricane activity at similar latitudes in
the North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico suggest that regional oceanography has modulated or amplified regional hurricane activity over the last millennium.},
	keywords = {Abaco, Bahamas, Blue hole, hurricanes, Paleotempestology},
	issn = {0278-4343},
	author = {van Hengstum, P.J. and Donnelly, J.P. and Toomey, M.R and Albury, N.A. and Lane, P. and Kakuk, B.}
}
@article {85,
	title = {The Holocene onset in the southwestern South Atlantic},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {374},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2323},
	pages = {164-172},
	abstract = {In this paper we present a paleoceanographic reconstruction of the southwestern South Atlantic for the past 13 kyr based on faunal and isotopic analysis of planktonic foraminifera from a high-resolution core retrieved at the South Brazil Bight continental slope. Our record indicates that oceanographic changes in the southwestern South Atlantic during the onset of the Holocene were comparable in strength to those that occurred during the Younger Dryas. Full interglacial conditions started abruptly after 8.2 kyr BP with a sharp change in faunal composition and surface hydrography (SST and SSS). Part of the observed events may be explained in terms of changes in thermohaline circulation while the other part suggests a dominant role of winds. Our data indicate that during the Early Holocene upwelling was significantly strengthened in the South Brazil Bight promoting high productivity and preventing the establishment of the typically interglacial menardiiform species. In general terms, oceanographic changes recorded by core KF02 occurred in synchrony with Antarctica{\textquoteright}s climate.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.01.014},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018213000357},
	author = {Pivel, M. A. G. and Santarosa, A. C. A. and Toledo, F. A. L. and Costa, K. B.}
}
@article {112,
	title = {The Last Glacial: Insights from continuous coring on the New Jersey continental shelf},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {335},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2317},
	pages = {78-99},
	abstract = {Sedimentation on the Pleistocene New Jersey (NJ) shelf is complex, and results from the interaction of processes chiefly driven by glacioeustatic change. Erosion, non-deposition, downcutting and infilling combine to produce a complicated set of reflectors and sedimentary units that are best interpreted in the shallow subsurface with the aid of high resolution seismic reflection profiling. The highly variable lithology on the shelf has historically been an impediment to significant core recovery in this challenging environment. Coring using the AHC-800 drilling system provided continuous downcore recovery at three sites on the outer shelf. The sites targeted fluvial incisions, channel fill and exposure surfaces associated with glacial lowstands. The exceptional cores were analyzed using an integrated approach. Textural and benthic foraminiferal data were evaluated to determine the environment of deposition and estimate paleodepth. Carbon dating of wood and shell material provides the temporal framework for interpretation and K{\textendash}Ar dating of hornblende crystals provides insights into the source region of sediments. Our integrated analysis indicates the NJ shelf was a dynamic environment from at least 45 ka. Estimates of sea level from this study are consistent with other studies from the Pleistocene NJ Margin. The oldest sediments (> 36 k.y.) recovered by drilling came from below (Site 3) and above (Site 1) R, a time-transgressive regional unconformity. Best estimates are for formation of R on the mid shelf, between MIS3b and the MIS3b/a transition, ~ 45 ka, under neritic conditions. Channels were incised during late MIS2, between ~ 30 and 16 ka. Channel infill was focused in a narrow time frame, during latest MIS 2 (16{\textendash}14 ka), shortly after the shoreline began to migrate landward. Rates of 1{\textendash}2 cm/yr are consistent with modern fluvial/ estuarine sedimentation rates. Reinvigoration and infilling of the channels around 14 ka is associated with meltwater pulse 1A. We find no evidence at our study area for j{\"o}kelhlaup deposition associated with the Intra-Aller{\o}d cold period ~ 13 ka. Regional deposition (channel infill and interfluvial regions) was underway by latest MIS2/early MIS1 as sea level transgressed the shelf. The uppermost sediments are of Holocene to Recent age and are routinely and likely rapidly reworked, eroded and mixed by shelf processes. The sediment source during MIS3, as determined by hornblende age dates, was bimodal. Older sediments were derived from the Reading Prong/NJ Highlands and younger sediments were sourced from along the Hudson River. Delivery to the study area was through a more southerly paleo-Hudson position that may have resulted in formation of the outer shelf wedge through deltaic sedimentation during at least MIS 3b{\textendash}3a.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2012.10.015},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322712002381},
	author = {Christensen, Beth A. and Alexander, Clark and Goff, John A. and Turner, R. Jessica and Austin Jr, James A.}
}
@article {92,
	title = {Late Holocene expansion of Istorvet ice cap, Liverpool Land, east Greenland},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2290},
	pages = {128-140},
	abstract = {The Greenland Ice Sheet is undergoing dynamic changes that will have global implications if they continue into the future. In this regard, an understanding of how the ice sheet responded to past climate changes affords a baseline for anticipating future behavior. Small, independent ice caps adjacent to the Greenland Ice Sheet (hereinafter called {\textquotedblleft}local ice caps{\textquotedblright}) are sensitive indicators of the response of Greenland ice-marginal zones to climate change. Therefore, we reconstructed late Holocene ice-marginal fluctuations of the local Istorvet ice cap in east Greenland, using radiocarbon dates of subfossil plants, 10Be dates of surface boulders, and analyses of sediment cores from both threshold and control lakes. During the last termination, the Istorvet ice cap had retreated close to its maximum Holocene position by \~{}11,730 cal yr BP. Radiocarbon dates of subfossil plants exposed by recent recession of the ice margin indicate that the Istorvet cap was smaller than at present from AD 200 to AD 1025. Sediments from a threshold lake show no glacial input until the ice cap advanced to within 365 m of its Holocene maximum position by \~{}AD 1150. Thereafter the ice cap remained at or close to this position until at least AD 1660. The timing of this, the most extensive of the Holocene, expansion is similar to that recorded at some glaciers in the Alps and in southern Alaska. However, in contrast to these other regions, the expansion in east Greenland at AD 1150 appears to have been very close to, if not at, a maximum Holocene value. Comparison of the Istorvet ice-cap fluctuations with Holocene glacier extents in Southern Hemisphere middle-to-high latitude locations on the Antarctic Peninsula and in the Andes and the Southern Alps suggests an out-of-phase relationship. If correct, this pattern supports the hypothesis that a bipolar see-saw of oceanic and/or atmospheric circulation during the Holocene produced asynchronous glacier response at some localities in the two polar hemispheres.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.012},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112004830},
	author = {Lowell, Thomas V. and Hall, Brenda L. and Kelly, Meredith A. and Bennike, Ole and Lusas, Amanda R. and Honsaker, William and Smith, Colby A. and Levy, Laura B. and Travis, Scott and Denton, George H.}
}
@article {2547,
	title = {Long-term variations in Iceland{\textendash}Scotland overflow strength during the Holocene},
	journal = {Climate of the Past},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-01-2013},
	pages = {2073 - 2084},
	abstract = {The overflow of deep water from the Nordic seas into the North Atlantic plays a critical role in global ocean circulation and climate. Approximately half of this overflow occurs via the Iceland{\textendash}Scotland (I{\textendash}S) overflow, yet the history of its strength throughout the Holocene (~ 0{\textendash}11 700 yr ago, ka) is poorly constrained, with previous studies presenting apparently contradictory evidence regarding its long-term variability. Here, we provide a comprehensive reconstruction of I{\textendash}S overflow strength throughout the Holocene using sediment grain size data from a depth transect of 13 cores from the Iceland Basin. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the main axis of the I{\textendash}S overflow on the Iceland slope was shallower during the early Holocene, deepening to its present depth by ~ 7 ka. Our results also reveal weaker I{\textendash}S overflow during the early and late Holocene, with maximum overflow strength occurring at ~ 7 ka, the time of a regional climate thermal maximum. Climate model simulations suggest a shoaling of deep convection in the Nordic seas during the early and late Holocene, consistent with our evidence for weaker I{\textendash}S overflow during these intervals. Whereas the reduction in I{\textendash}S overflow strength during the early Holocene likely resulted from melting remnant glacial ice sheets, the decline throughout the last 7000 yr was caused by an orbitally induced increase in the amount of Arctic sea ice entering the Nordic seas. Although the flux of Arctic sea ice to the Nordic seas is expected to decrease throughout the next century, model simulations predict that under high emissions scenarios, competing effects, such as warmer sea surface temperatures in the Nordic seas, will result in reduced deep convection, likely driving a weaker I{\textendash}S overflow.},
	doi = {10.5194/cp-9-2073-201310.5194/cp-9-2073-2013-supplement},
	url = {http://www.clim-past.net/9/2073/2013},
	author = {Thornalley, D. J. R. and Blaschek, M. and Davies, F. J. and Praetorius, S. and Oppo, D. W. and McManus, J. F. and Hall, I. R. and Kleiven, H. and Renssen, H. and McCave, I. N.}
}
@article {2504,
	title = {Reconstructing 7000 years of North Atlantic hurricane variability using deep-sea sediment cores from the western Great Bahama Bank},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-03-2013},
	pages = {31 - 41},
	abstract = {[1] Available overwash records from coastal barrier systems document significant variability in North Atlantic hurricane activity during the late Holocene. The same climate forcings that may have controlled cyclone activity over this interval (e.g., the West African Monsoon, El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation (ENSO)) show abrupt changes around 6000 yrs B.P., but most coastal sedimentary records do not span this time period. Establishing longer records is essential for understanding mid-Holocene patterns of storminess and their climatic drivers, which will lead to better forecasting of how climate change over the next century may affect tropical cyclone frequency and intensity. Storms are thought to be an important mechanism for transporting coarse sediment from shallow carbonate platforms to the deep-sea, and bank-edge sediments may offer an unexplored archive of long-term hurricane activity. Here, we develop this new approach, reconstructing more than 7000 years of North Atlantic hurricane variability using coarse-grained deposits in sediment cores from the leeward margin of the Great Bahama Bank. High energy event layers within the resulting archive are (1) broadly correlated throughout an offbank transect of multi-cores, (2) closely matched with historic hurricane events, and (3) synchronous with previous intervals of heightened North Atlantic hurricane activity in overwash reconstructions from Puerto Rico and elsewhere in the Bahamas. Lower storm frequency prior to 4400 yrs B.P. in our records suggests that precession and increased NH summer insolation may have greatly limited hurricane potential intensity, outweighing weakened ENSO and a stronger West African Monsoon{\textemdash}factors thought to be favorable for hurricane development.},
	doi = {10.1002/palo.v28.110.1002/palo.20012},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/palo.v28.1http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/palo.20012https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2Fpalo.20012},
	author = {Toomey, Michael R. and Curry, William B. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and van Hengstum, Peter J.}
}
@article {2502,
	title = {Reconstructing mid-late Holocene cyclone variability in the Central Pacific using sedimentary records from Tahaa, French Polynesia},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-10-2013},
	pages = {181 - 189},
	abstract = {We lack an understanding of the geographic and temporal controls on South Pacific cyclone activity. Overwash records from backbarrier salt marshes and coastal ponds have been used to reconstruct tropical cyclone strikes in the North Atlantic basin. However, these specific backbarrier environments are scarce in the South Pacific, with cyclone records limited primarily to the period of modern observation. This instrumental record suggests a correlation with the El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation (ENSO), but longer records are necessary to test this relationship over geologic timescales and explore other potential climate drivers of tropical cyclone variability. Deep lagoons behind coral reefs are widespread in the Pacific and provide an alternative setting for developing long-term sedimentary reconstructions of tropical cyclone occurrence. Coarse-grained event deposits within the sediments of a back-reef lagoon surrounding Tahaa reveal a 5000-year record of cyclone occurrences. Timing of recent high-energy deposits matches well with observed tropical cyclone strikes and indicates coarse deposits are storm derived. Longer records show tropical cyclone activity was higher from 5000 to 3800 and 2900 to 500 yrs BP. Comparison to records from the North Pacific (out-of-phase) and North Atlantic (in phase) suggests a coordinated pattern of storm activity across tropical cyclone basins over the mid-late Holocene. The changes in tropical cyclone activity we observe in the South Pacific and across other basins may be related to ENSO as well as precession driven changes in ocean-atmosphere thermal gradients.},
	keywords = {enso, Precession, South Pacific, tropical cyclones},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.07.019},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379113002849http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379113002849?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379113002849?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Toomey, Michael R. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Woodruff, Jonathan D.}
}
@article {76,
	title = {Reconstructing mid-late Holocene cyclone variability in the Central Pacific using sedimentary records from Tahaa, French Polynesia},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {181-189},
	abstract = {We lack an understanding of the geographic and temporal controls on South Pacific cyclone activity. Overwash records from backbarrier salt marshes and coastal ponds have been used to reconstruct tropical cyclone strikes in the North Atlantic basin. However, these specific backbarrier environments are scarce in the South Pacific, with cyclone records limited primarily to the period of modern observation. This instrumental record suggests a correlation with the El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation (ENSO), but longer records are necessary to test this relationship over geologic timescales and explore other potential climate drivers of tropical cyclone variability. Deep lagoons behind coral reefs are widespread in the Pacific and provide an alternative setting for developing long-term sedimentary reconstructions of tropical cyclone occurrence. Coarse-grained event deposits within the sediments of a back-reef lagoon surrounding Tahaa reveal a 5000-year record of cyclone occurrences. Timing of recent high-energy deposits matches well with observed tropical cyclone strikes and indicates coarse deposits are storm derived. Longer records show tropical cyclone activity was higher from 5000 to 3800 and 2900 to 500 yrs BP. Comparison to records from the North Pacific (out-of-phase) and North Atlantic (in phase) suggests a coordinated pattern of storm activity across tropical cyclone basins over the mid-late Holocene. The changes in tropical cyclone activity we observe in the South Pacific and across other basins may be related to ENSO as well as precession driven changes in ocean-atmosphere thermal gradients.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.07.019},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379113002849},
	author = {Toomey, Michael R. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Woodruff, Jonathan D.}
}
@article {79,
	title = {Sedimentological and geomorphological imprints of Holocene tsunamis in southwestern Spain: An approach to establish the recurrence period},
	journal = {Continental Shelf Drowned Landscapes (INQUA-CMP and IGCP-526)},
	volume = {203},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {97-104},
	abstract = {This paper reviews the sedimentological and geomorphological imprints of prehistoric and historical tsunamis in the four main estuaries of SW Spain. These imprints include beach erosion, filling of intertidal channels, deposition of bioclastic layers, washover fans and reworked aeolian sheets and the breaching of spits and tombolos. Most of these imprints were caused by the 218{\textendash}209 BC and AD 1755 tsunamis, although evidence of other tsunamis has been identified. In these two events, effects on human populations were severe and diverse, such as human loss of life, changes in coastal settlements and international borders, damage to port infrastructure or flooding of marsh and inhabited areas. New radiocarbon reservoir data were included in order to obtain an approach to the recurrence period of these high-energy events (700{\textendash}1000 years) in this area.},
	issn = {0169-555X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.09.008},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X13004650},
	author = {Ruiz, Francisco and Rodr{\'\i}guez-Vidal, Joaqu{\'\i}n and Abad, Manuel and C{\'a}ceres, Luis M. and Carretero, Mar{\'\i}a I. and Pozo, Manuel and Rodr{\'\i}guez-Llanes, Jos{\'e} M. and G{\'o}mez-Toscano, Francisco and Izquierdo, Tatiana and Font, Eric and Toscano, Antonio}
}
@article {77,
	title = {Source, diagenesis, and fluxes of particulate organic carbon along the western Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea)},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {337},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2335},
	pages = {156-170},
	abstract = {In this study, we investigated the modern organic carbon (OC) cycling along the clinoform-shaped deposit that developed after the attainment of the modern sea-level in the Adriatic Sea (~ 5.5 kyr cal BP). Newly acquired data were combined with published results to characterize the (i) origin, (ii) diagenesis, and (iii) fluxes of OC along the Adriatic clinoform. δ13C, Δ14C, and lignin phenols were used to constrain the composition of OC accumulating in surface sediments. Sediment cores collected at different water depths were used to describe the early diagenesis during burial in different regions. In addition, on the basis of an extensive number of accumulation rates and OC data, we assessed the flux of OC to the seabed and its burial. Our results showed that terrigenous OC is the dominant OC source in the Po prodelta mainly in the form of pre-aged soil-derived OC and vascular plant fragments. Along the clinoform, both Δ14C and the concentration of lignin-derived phenols decreased with increasing distance from the Po prodelta indicating the influence of an additional pool of aged OC that gradually becomes more important because of its selective preservation during the sediment transport. As a result, degradation rates (k) decreased along the clinoform as a function of the sediment oxidative history. The calculated half-life of reactive OC (t1/2) was ~ 14.6 yrs in the Po prodelta whereas topset/forest deposits south of this region exhibited higher values, ~ 100 yrs, indicating the presence of refractory material. In the distal bottomset region, the t1/2 was particularly high ranging from ~ 255 to ~ 912 yrs. Because of the significant southward component of the sediment transport, the OC deposition in the southern surface sediments exceeded the local OC input via rivers (ratio deposition/input 1.2). Conversely, the northern Adriatic was characterized by a marked imbalance (ratio deposition/input 0.3{\textendash}0.5). According to our calculations, the OC flux to the seabed along the clinoform was ~ 309 Gg of C per year whereas the OC burial was ~ 180 Gg of C per year, corresponding to an overall burial efficiency of ~ 59\%.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2013.03.001},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322713000273},
	author = {Tesi, T. and Langone, L. and Giani, M. and Ravaioli, M. and Miserocchi, S.}
}
@article {97,
	title = {Stratigraphy and wiggle-matching-based age-depth model of late Holocene marine sediments in Beppu Bay, southwest Japan},
	journal = {New Global Perspectives on Paleontology, Stratigraphy, Paleoceanography, Paleoclimatology, and Tectonics in the East Asia and Western Pacific},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2295},
	pages = {133-148},
	abstract = {We analyzed the lithology, magnetic susceptibility, bulk density, and X-ray radiographs of 14 sediment cores (1{\textendash}9 m long) from Beppu Bay in the western Seto Inland Sea, Japan, to establish the late Holocene stratigraphy in the deepest part of the bay and to develop an age{\textendash}depth model for the sediments there. The cores contained 18 thick (major event) high-density layers (16 turbidites and two volcanic ash; >1 cm thick), and both lithological observations and density variations in the hemipelagic mud that is dominant in the cores revealed a further 55 thin (minor event) high-density layers (},
	issn = {1367-9120},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.07.002},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367912012002957},
	author = {Kuwae, Michinobu and Yamamoto, Masanobu and Ikehara, Ken and Irino, Tomohisa and Takemura, Keiji and Sagawa, Takuya and Sakamoto, Tatsuhiko and Ikehara, Minoru and Takeoka, Hidetaka}
}
@article {2482,
	title = {Surface production fuels deep heterotrophic respiration in northern peatlands},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-12-2013},
	pages = {1163 - 1174},
	abstract = {[1] Multiple analyses of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from pore waters were conducted to define the processes that govern carbon balance in peatlands: (1) source, reactivity, and transport of DOC with respect to vegetation, peat, and age of carbon substrate, (2) reactivity of DOC with respect to molecular size, and (3) lability to photoxidation of surficial DOC. We found that surface organic production fuels heterotrophic respiration at depth in advection-dominated peatlands, especially in fens. Fen DOC was Δ14C enriched relative to the surrounding fen peat, and fen respiration products were similar to this enriched DOC indicating that DOC was the main microbial substrate. Bog DOC was more variable showing either enrichment in ∆14C at depth or ∆14C values that follow peat values. This variability in bogs is probably controlled by the relative importance of vertical transport of labile carbon substrates within the peat profile versus DOC production from bog peat. These results extended our set of observations to 10 years at one bog-fen pair and add two additional bog-fen pairs to our series of observations. Anaerobic incubations of peat, rinsed free of residual DOC, produced DOC and respiration products that were strikingly similar to the peat values in a bog and two fens. This result demonstrated conclusively that downward advection is the process responsible for the presence of modern DOC found at depth in the peat column. Fen DOC has lower C/N values and up to twice as much LMW (<1 kDa) DOC as bogs due to differences in organic inputs and greater microbial processing. Fluorescence irradiation experiments showed that fen DOC is more photolabile than bog DOC.},
	doi = {10.1002/2013GB004677},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2013GB004677https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2F2013GB004677},
	author = {Elizabeth Corbett, J. and Burdige, David J. and Tfaily, Malak M. and Dial, Angela R. and Cooper, William T. and Glaser, Paul H. and Chanton, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {137,
	title = {Changes in planktic foraminiferal faunas, temperature and salinity in the Gulf Stream during the last 30,000 years: influence of meltwater via the Mississippi River},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2150},
	pages = {42-54},
	abstract = {Variations in the distribution of planktic foraminiferal faunas, temperature and salinity in the surface water of the Gulf Stream during the last 30,000 years have been reconstructed based on a sediment core from the Blake Ridge, subtropical western Atlantic Ocean. Temperatures and salinities were calculated using planktic foraminiferal transfer functions and previously published oxygen isotope values. Productivity was estimated using the >106 μm size fraction of planktic foraminifera. The reconstructed values show that temperature variations have been small during the investigated period with a total range of only 3 {\textdegree}C. The highest temperatures, about 1.5 {\textdegree}C above the present temperature in the area, occurred during the late Glacial, Heinrich event 1 and the mid Holocene time periods. The lowest temperatures, about 1.5 {\textdegree}C below the present temperatures, occurred during the B{\o}lling interstadial. The early Holocene period was relatively cool. The low temperatures during the B{\o}lling interstadial and during the early Holocene are in contrast to the northeastern Atlantic, where the B{\o}lling interstadial was the warmest period of the deglaciation, and the early Holocene the warmest during the Holocene. We attribute the lower temperatures during the B{\o}lling and early Holocene periods to colder meltwater from the Laurentide Ice Sheet flowing into the Gulf of Mexico through the Mississippi River system and carried to the Blake Ridge via the Gulf Stream.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.11.019},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379111003787},
	author = {Rasmussen, T. L. and Thomsen, E.}
}
@article {148,
	title = {Chemical weathering and provenance evolution of Holocene{\textendash}Recent sediments from the Western Indus Shelf, Northern Arabian Sea inferred from physical and mineralogical properties},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {326{\textendash}328},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2271},
	pages = {101-115},
	abstract = {We present a multi-proxy mineral record based on X-ray diffraction and diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry analysis for two cores from the western Indus Shelf in order to reconstruct changing weathering intensities, sediment transport, and provenance variations since 13 ka. Core Indus-10 is located northwest of the Indus Canyon and exhibits fluctuations in smectite/(illite + chlorite) ratios that correlate with monsoon intensity. Higher smectite/(illite + chlorite) and lower illite crystallinity, normally associated with stronger weathering, peaked during the Early{\textendash}Mid Holocene, the period of maximum summer monsoon. Hematite/goethite and magnetic susceptibility do not show clear co-variation, although they both increase at Indus-10 after 10 ka, as the monsoon weakened. At Indus-23, located on a clinoform just west of the canyon, hematite/goethite increased during a period of monsoon strengthening from 10 to 8 ka, consistent with increased seasonality and/or reworking of sediment deposited prior to or during the glacial maximum. After 2 ka terrigenous sediment accumulation rates in both cores increased together with redness and hematite/goethite, which we attribute to widespread cultivation of the floodplain triggering reworking, especially after 200 years ago. Over Holocene timescales sediment composition and mineralogy in two localities on the high-energy shelf were controlled by varying degrees of reworking, as well as climatically modulated chemical weathering.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2012.07.009},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322712001600},
	author = {Limmer, David R. and K{\"o}hler, Cornelia M. and Hillier, Stephen and Moreton, Steven G. and Tabrez, Ali R. and Clift, Peter D.}
}
@article {126,
	title = {Climatic and environmental evolution of Lake Iznik (NW Turkey) over the last \~{}4700 years},
	journal = {Temporal and spatial corridors of Homo sapiens sapiens population dynamics during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene},
	volume = {274},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2337},
	pages = {88-101},
	abstract = {Magnetic susceptibility, geochemistry, mineralogy and palynology of sediments from Lake Iznik in Northwestern Anatolia, Turkey, provide a 4700 year record of climatic trends and events. The measured proxies allow a reconstruction of variations in humid/dry periods and lake level changes. The Lake Iznik sedimentary sequence points to an oscillating trend of humid periods interrupted by rapid climate change (RCC) to arid periods. Especially abrupt lithologic and geochemical changes at 4.2 and 3.3 ka calBP may outline intense droughts, which extremely lowered the lake level. For the last 2000 years, the effects of the Roman warm period, Dark Age cold period, Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age are recorded within Lake Iznik sediments. Besides many similarities of local climatic periods with other records from the Eastern Mediterranean, there are also differences indicating the complex pattern of the climate in the region.},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2012.06.016},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618212004363},
	author = {{\"U}lgen, Umut Bar{\i}{\c s} and Franz, Sven Oliver and Biltekin, Demet and {\c C}a{\u g}atay, M. Namik and Roeser, Patricia Angelika and Doner, Lisa and Thein, Jean}
}
@article {2668,
	title = {Comparative Decalcification Methods, Radiocarbon Dates, and Stable Isotopes of the VIRI Bones},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Jan-01-2012},
	pages = {837 - 844},
	abstract = {The Fifth International Radiocarbon Comparison (VIRI) provided a suite of 5 bone samples with consensus
ages ranging from 969 to 39,305 14C yr BP (Scott et al. 2010). These bones were used herein in a comparison of decalcification
methods using either HCl or EDTA to produce collagen, and the results demonstrate age concordance between both preparation
methods and the VIRI consensus values. Additional isotopic analyses of the collagen (13C, 15N, and 18O) illustrate
the increasing sensitivity of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotopes in assessing gelatin degradation.},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/S0033822200047482},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822200047482/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033822200047482},
	author = {Tuross, Noreen}
}
@article {2561,
	title = {ENSO Drove 2500-Year Collapse of Eastern Pacific Coral Reefs},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {337318333105323329353215234133898029327161272715118 119109123420422375802767219435149464823345354035608535771415},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Jun-07-2012},
	pages = {81 - 84},
	abstract = {Cores of coral reef frameworks along an upwelling gradient in Panam{\'a} show that reef ecosystems in the tropical eastern Pacific collapsed for 2500 years, representing as much as 40\% of their history, beginning about 4000 years ago. The principal cause of this millennial-scale hiatus in reef growth was increased variability of the El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its coupling with the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The hiatus was a Pacific-wide phenomenon with an underlying climatology similar to probable scenarios for the next century. Global climate change is probably driving eastern Pacific reefs toward another regional collapse.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1221168},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1221168},
	author = {Toth, L. T. and Aronson, R. B. and Vollmer, S. V. and Hobbs, J. W. and Urrego, D. H. and Cheng, H. and Enochs, I. C. and Combosch, D. J. and van Woesik, R. and Macintyre, I. G.}
}
@article {158,
	title = {Oxygen control on Holocene cold-water coral development in the eastern Mediterranean Sea},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2140},
	pages = {89-96},
	abstract = {Continuous sedimentary records from an eastern Mediterranean cold-water coral ecosystem thriving in intermediate water depths (\~{}600 m) reveal a temporary extinction of cold-water corals during the Early to Mid Holocene from 11.4{\textendash}5.9 cal kyr BP. Benthic foraminiferal assemblage analysis shows low-oxygen conditions of 2 ml l-1 during the same period, compared to bottom-water oxygen values of 4{\textendash}5 ml l-1 before and after the coral-free interval. The timing of the corals{\textquoteright} demise coincides with the sapropel S1 event, during which the deep eastern Mediterranean basin turned anoxic. Our results show that during the sapropel S1 event low oxygen conditions extended to the rather shallow depths of our study site in the Ionian Sea and caused the cold-water corals temporary extinction. This first evidence for the sensitivity of cold-water corals to low oceanic oxygen contents suggests that the projected expansion of tropical oxygen minimum zones resulting from global change will threaten cold-water coral ecosystems in low latitudes in the same way that ocean acidification will do in the higher latitudes.},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2011.12.013},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967063712000039},
	author = {Fink, Hiske G. and Wienberg, Claudia and Hebbeln, Dierk and McGregor, Helen V. and Schmiedl, Gerhard and Taviani, Marco and Freiwald, Andr{\'e}}
}
@article {2566,
	title = {Sea surface temperature variability and sea-ice extent in the subarctic northwest Pacific during the past 15,000 years},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Jan-09-2012},
	pages = {n/a - n/a},
	abstract = {Past changes in North Pacific sea surface temperatures and sea-ice conditions are proposed to play a crucial role in deglacial climate development and ocean circulation but are less well known than from the North Atlantic. Here, we present new alkenone-based sea surface temperature records from the subarctic northwest Pacific and its marginal seas (Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk) for the time interval of the last 15 kyr, indicating millennial-scale sea surface temperature fluctuations similar to short-term deglacial climate oscillations known from Greenland ice core records. Past changes in sea-ice distribution are derived from relative percentage of specific diatom groups and qualitative assessment of the IP25biomarker related to sea-ice diatoms. The deglacial variability in sea-ice extent matches the sea surface temperature fluctuations. These fluctuations suggest a linkage to deglacial variations in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and a close atmospheric coupling between the North Pacific and North Atlantic. During the Holocene the subarctic North Pacific is marked by complex sea surface temperature trends, which do not support the hypothesis of a Holocene seesaw in temperature development between the North Atlantic and the North Pacific.},
	doi = {10.1029/2012PA002292},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2012PA002292},
	author = {Max, Lars and Riethdorf, Jan-Rainer and Tiedemann, Ralf and Smirnova, Maria and Lembke-Jene, Lester and Fahl, Kirsten and {\"u}rnberg, Dirk and Matul, Alexander and Mollenhauer, Gesine}
}
@article {175,
	title = {Associated terrestrial and marine fossils in the late-glacial Presumpscot Formation, southern Maine, USA, and the marine reservoir effect on radiocarbon ages},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2011; PT: J; UT: WOS:000290831500018},
	pages = {552-565},
	abstract = {Excavations in the late-glacial Presumpscot Formation at Portland, Maine, uncovered tree remains and other terrestrial organics associated with marine invertebrate shells in a landslide deposit. Buds of Populus balsamifera (balsam poplar) occurred with twigs of Picea glauca (white spruce) in the Presumpscot clay. Tree rings in Picea logs indicate that the trees all died during winter dormancy in the same year. Ring widths show patterns of variation indicating responses to environmental changes. Fossil mosses and insects represent a variety of species and wet to dry microsites. The late-glacial environment at the site was similar to that of today{\textquoteright}s Maine coast. Radiocarbon ages of 14 tree samples are 11,907 +/- 31 to 11,650 +/- 50 (14)C yr BP. Wiggle matching of dated tree-ring segments to radiocarbon calibration data sets dates the landslide occurrence at ca. 13,520 + 95/-20 cal yr BP. Ages of shells juxtaposed with the logs are 12,850 +/- 65 (14)C yr BP (Mytilus edulis) and 12,800 +/- 55 (14)C yr BP (Balanus sp.), indicating a marine reservoir age of about 1000 yr. Using this value to correct previously published radiocarbon ages reduces the discrepancy between the Maine deglaciation chronology and the varve-based chronology elsewhere in New England. (C) 2011 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2011.02.002},
	author = {Thompson, Woodrow B. and Griggs, Carol B. and Miller, Norton G. and Nelson, Robert E. and Weddle, Thomas K. and Kilian, Taylor M.}
}
@article { ISI:000286433100039,
	title = {The Deglacial Evolution of North Atlantic Deep Convection},
	journal = {SCIENCE},
	volume = {331},
	number = {{6014}},
	year = {2011},
	month = {JAN 14},
	pages = {202-205},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Deepwater formation in the North Atlantic by open-ocean convection is an essential component of the overturning circulation of the Atlantic Ocean, which helps regulate global climate. We use water-column radiocarbon reconstructions to examine changes in northeast Atlantic convection since the Last Glacial Maximum. During cold intervals, we infer a reduction in open-ocean convection and an associated incursion of an extremely radiocarbon (C-14)-depleted water mass, interpreted to be Antarctic Intermediate Water. Comparing the timing of deep convection changes in the northeast and northwest Atlantic, we suggest that, despite a strong control on Greenland temperature by northeast Atlantic convection, reduced open-ocean convection in both the northwest and northeast Atlantic is necessary to account for contemporaneous perturbations in atmospheric circulation.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1196812},
	author = {Thornalley, David J. R. and Barker, Stephen and Broecker, Wallace S. and Elderfield, Henry and McCave, I. Nick}
}
@article {199,
	title = {D/H variation in terrestrial lipids from Santa Barbara Basin over the past 1400 years: A preliminary assessment of paleoclimatic relevance RID C-2752-2008},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2050; PT: J; UT: WOS:000286995900002},
	pages = {15-24},
	abstract = {We analyzed D/H ratios of common terrestrial leaf wax lipids in a 1400 year sediment core from the Santa Barbara Basin (SBB) to test whether they accurately record terrestrial climate in Southern California. The D/H ratios of long chain n-alkanes vary substantially with depth, but are poorly correlated with other terrestrial climate proxies. Interference from fossil hydrocarbons may be at least partly responsible. Long chain n-alkanoic acids exhibit nearly constant downcore D/H ratio values. This constancy in the face of known climatic shifts presumably reflects a substantial residence time for leaf wax compounds in terrestrial soil and/or on the basin flanks. Alternatively, the isotopic composition of meteoric waters in Southern California may not covary with climate, particularly aridity. However, the delta D values of n-C(22) and n-C(24) fatty acids, commonly attributed to terrestrial aquatic sources, are partially correlated with Southern California winter Palmer Drought Severity Index, a tree ring-based climatic proxy (R(2) 0.25; p},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.09.011},
	author = {Li, Chao and Sessions, Alex L. and Valentine, David L. and Thiagarajan, Nivedita}
}
@article {218,
	title = {Micropaleontologic record of Quaternary paleoenvironments in the Central Albemarle Embayment, North Carolina, U.S.A},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {305},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2182},
	pages = {227-249},
	abstract = {To understand the temporal and spatial variation of eustatic sea-level fluctuations, glacio{\textendash}hydro{\textendash}isostacy, tectonics, subsidence, geologic environments and sedimentation patterns for the Quaternary of a passive continental margin, a nearly complete stratigraphic record that is fully integrated with a three dimensional chronostratigraphic framework, and paleoenvironmental information are necessary. The Albemarle Embayment, a Cenozoic regional depositional basin in eastern North Carolina located on the southeast Atlantic coast of the USA, is an ideal setting to unravel these dynamic, interrelated processes. Micropaleontological data, coupled with sedimentologic, chronostratigraphic and seismic data provide the bases for detailed interpretations of paleoenvironmental evolution and paleoclimates in the 90 m thick Quaternary record of the Albemarle Embayment. The data presented here come from a transect of cores drilled through a barrier island complex in the central Albemarle Embayment. This area sits in a ramp-like setting between late Pleistocene incised valleys. The data document the episodic infilling of the Albemarle Embayment throughout the Quaternary as a series of transgressive{\textendash}regressive (T{\textendash}R) cycles, characterized by inner shelf, midshelf, and shoreface assemblages, that overlie remnants of fluvial to estuarine valley-fill. Barrier island and marginal marine deposits have a low preservation potential. Inner to mid-shelf deposits of the early Pleistocene are overlain by similar middle Pleistocene shelf sediments in the south of the study area but entirely by inner shelf deposits in the north. Late Pleistocene marine sediments are of inner shelf origin and Holocene deposits are marginal marine in nature. Pleistocene marine sediments are incised, particularly in the northern half of the embayment by lowstand paleovalleys, partly filled by fluvial/floodplain deposits and in some cases, overlain by remnants of transgressive estuarine sediments. The shallowing through time of Quaternary sediments reflects the eastward progradational geometry of the continental shelf. The preservation potential of marginal marine deposits (barrier island, shoreface, backbarrier deposits) is not high, except in topographic lows associated with late Pleistocene paleovalleys and inlets because the current interglacial highstand has not yet reached its highest level. Given the documented increase in rate of relative sea-level rise in this region, shallow marine conditions are likely to return to the central Albemarle Embayment in the near future.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.004},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018211001143},
	author = {Culver, Stephen J. and Farrell, Kathleen M. and Mallinson, David J. and Willard, Debra A. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Riggs, Stanley R. and Thieler, E. Robert and Wehmiller, John F. and Parham, Peter and Snyder, Scott W. and Hillier, Caroline}
}
@article {176,
	title = {Past ocean temperatures and coupled U/Th and (super 14) C measurements from deep-sea corals},
	journal = {Mineralogical Magazine},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2212; Source type: scholarlyjournals; Object type: Article; Copyright: GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef. Abstract, Copyright, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland; CSAUnique: 610523-50; AccNum: 610523-50; ISSN: 0026-461X; ElecISSN: 1471-8022; CODEN: MNLMBB; Peer Reviewed: true},
	pages = {2003},
	abstract = {Deep-sea corals are a unique archive in paleoceanography. They have large banded skeletons that allow for high resolution records and have a high uranium content allowing for accurate calendar ages independent of radiocarbon age measurements. One problem with using deep-sea corals for long records is that it is difficult to date a large numbers of corals accurately and precisely. Unlike sediment cores, fossil fields of corals have no inherent stratigraphy and each individual coral must be separately dated. Here we present the results of {\textquoteright}reconnaissance radiocarbon age analyses{\textquoteright} made at NOSAMS on 519 Desmophyllum dianthus (D. dianthus) collected from the New England Seamounts and South of Tasmania. We will also present the results of 80 more deep-sea corals measured on the Gas-Source AMS also at NOSAMS in WHOI. We find that the coral populations respond to rapid climate change events and are sensitive to climatically driven changes in thermohaline circulation, productivity, [O (sub 2) ] and [CO (sub 3) (super 2-) ]. Once dated however, their use as a paleoceanographic archive is complicated by the isotope and trace-metal disequilibria in their skeletons relative to co-existing seawater. However two tracers that overcome these vital effects are paired U-series and radiocarbon dates and clumped isotope measurements. Here we will present preliminary data of YD and H1 corals from the New England Seamounts collected from 1000-2600m of water depth in the North Atlantic where all three tracers are measured in the same corals. We find that the temperature profile of the ocean during both the YD and H1 coral population is constant with depth. The average potential temperature of the Younger Dryas profile is 1.6 + or - 0.5 degrees C while the average potential temperature of the Heinrich 1 profile is 3.1+ or -0.9 degrees C. If one outlier in the H1 profile is removed the average temperature becomes 2.3+ or -0.5 degrees C. We will discuss implications for salinity gradients in the water column during these time periods as well changes in the circulation of the ocean.},
	issn = {0026-461X, 0026-461X},
	url = {http://minmag.geoscienceworld.org/content/75/3/1979},
	author = {Thiagarajan, Nivedita and Adkins, Jess and Eiler, John}
}
@article {227,
	title = {Pb isotopic variability in the modern-Pleistocene Indus River system measured by ion microprobe in detrital K-feldspar grains},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2171},
	pages = {4771-4795},
	abstract = {The western Himalaya, Karakoram and Tibet are known to be heterogeneous with regard to Pb isotope compositions in K-feldspars, which allows this system to be used as a sediment provenance tool. We used secondary ion mass spectrometry to measure the isotopic character of silt and sand-sized grains from the modern Sutlej and Chenab Rivers, together with Thar Desert sands, in order to constrain their origin. The rivers show a clear Himalayan provenance, contrasting with grains from the Indus Suture Zone, but with overlap to known Karakoram compositions. The desert dunes commonly show 207Pb/204Pb and 206Pb/204Pb values that are much higher than those seen in the rivers, most consistent with erosion from Nanga Parbat. This implies at least some origin from the trunk Indus, probably reworked by summer monsoon winds from the SW, a hypothesis supported by bulk Nd and U{\textendash}Pb zircon dating. Further data collected from Holocene and Pleistocene sands shows that filled and abandoned channels on the western edge of the Thar Desert were sourced from Himalayan rivers before and at 6{\textendash}8 ka, but that after that time the proportion of high isotopic ratio grains rose, indicating increased contribution from the Thar Desert dunes prior to \~{}4.5 ka when flow ceased entirely. This may be linked to climatic drying, northward expansion of the Thar Desert, or changes in drainage style including regional capture, channel abandonment, or active local Thar tributaries. Our data further show a Himalayan river channel east of the present Indus, close to the delta, in the Nara River valley during the middle Holocene. While this cannot be distinguished from the Indus it is not heavily contaminated by reworking from the desert. The Pb system shows some use as a provenance tool, but is not effective at demonstrating whether these Nara sediments represent a Ghaggar-Hakra stream independent from the Indus. Our study highlights an important role for eolian reworking of floodplain sediments in arid rivers such as the Indus.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.039},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703711003164},
	author = {Alizai, Anwar and Clift, Peter D. and Giosan, Liviu and VanLaningham, Sam and Hinton, Richard and Tabrez, Ali R. and Danish, Muhammad}
}
@article {223,
	title = {Precipitation as the main driver of Neoglacial fluctuations of Gualas glacier, Northern Patagonian Icefield},
	journal = {Climate of the Past},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2119},
	abstract = {Glaciers are frequently used as indicators of climate change. However, the link between past glacier fluctuations and climate variability is still highly debated. Here, we investigate the mid- to late-Holocene fluctuations of Gualas Glacier, one of the northernmost outlet glaciers of the Northern Patagonian Icefield, using a multi-proxy sedimentological and geochemical analysis of a 15 m long fjord sediment core from Golfo Elefantes, Chile, and historical documents from early Spanish explorers. Our results show that the core can be sub-divided in three main lithological units that were deposited under very different hydrodynamic conditions. Between 5400 and 4180 cal yr BP and after 750 cal yr BP, sedimentation in Golfo Elefantes was characterized by the rapid deposition of fine silt, most likely transported by fluvio-glacial processes. By contrast, the sediment deposited between 4130 and 850 cal yr BP is composed of poorly sorted sand that is free of shells. This interval is particularly marked by high magnetic susceptibility values and Zr concentrations, and likely reflects a major advance of Gualas glacier towards Golfo Elefantes during the Neoglaciation. Several thin silt layers observed in the upper part of the core are interpreted as secondary fluctuations of Gualas glacier during the Little Ice Age, in agreement with historical and dendrochronological data. Our interpretation of the Golfo Elefantes glaciomarine sediment record in terms of fluctuations of Gualas glacier is in excellent agreement with the glacier chronology proposed for the Southern Patagonian Icefield, which is based on terrestrial (moraine) deposits. By comparing our results with independent proxy records of precipitation and sea surface temperature, we demonstrate that the fluctuations of Gualas glacier during the last 5400 yr were mainly driven by changes in precipitation in the Andes.},
	doi = {10.5194/cpd-7-2937-2011},
	author = {Bertrand, S. and Hughen, K. A. and Lamy, F. and Stuut, J. B. W. and Torrejon, F. and Lange, C. B.}
}
@article {443,
	title = {Aminostratigraphy of surface and subsurface Quaternary sediments, North Carolina coastal plain, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary Geochronology},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2010},
	note = {639btTimes Cited:19Cited References Count:82},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {459-492},
	abstract = {The Quaternary stratigraphy and geochronology of the Albemarle Embayment of the North Carolina (NC) Coastal Plain is examined using amino acid racemization (AAR) in marine mollusks, in combination with geophysical, lithologic, and biostratigraphic analysis of 28 rotasonic cores drilled between 2002 and 2006. The Albemarle Embayment is bounded by structural highs to the north and south, and Quaternary strata thin westward toward the Suffolk paleoshoreline, frequently referred to as the Suffolk Scarp. The Quaternary section is up to similar to 90 m thick, consists of a variety of estuarine, shelf, back-barrier, and lagoonal deposits, and has been influenced by multiple sea-level cycles. The temporal resolution of the amino acid racemization method is tested statistically and with the stratigraphic control provided by this geologic framework, and it is then applied to the correlation and age estimation of subsurface units throughout the region. Over 500 specimens (primarily Mercenaria and Mulinia) from the subsurface section have been analyzed using either gas chromatographic (GC) or reverse-phase liquid chromatographic (RPLC) techniques. The subsurface stratigraphic data are compared with AAR results from numerous natural or excavated exposures from the surrounding region, as well as results from NC beach collections, to develop a comprehensive aminostratigraphic database for the entire Quaternary record within the NC coastal system. Age mixing, recognized in the beach collections, is also seen in subsurface sections, usually where major seismic reflections or core lithology indicate the presence of stratigraphic discontinuities. Kinetic models for racemization are tested within the regional stratigraphic framework, using either radiocarbon or U-series calibrations or comparison with regional biostratigraphy. Three major Pleistocene aminozones [AZ2, AZ3, and AZ4] are found throughout the region, all being found in superposition in several cores. Each can be subdivided, yielding a total of at least eight stratigraphically and statistically distinct aminozones. Kinetic modeling, supplemented with local calibration, indicates that these aminozones represent depositional events ranging from similar to 80 ka to nearly 2 Ma. Three prominent seismic reflections are interpreted to represent the base of the early, middle, and late Pleistocene, respectively, roughly 2 Ma, 800 ka, and 130 ka. The large number of samples and the available stratigraphic control provide new insights into the capabilities and limitations of aminostratigraphic methods in assessing relative and numerical ages of Atlantic Coastal Plain Quaternary deposits. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1871-1014},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quageo.2009.10.005},
	author = {Wehmiller, J. F. and Thieler, E. R. and Miller, D. and Pellerito, V. and Keeney, V. B. and Riggs, S. R. and Culver, S. and Mallinson, D. and Farrell, K. M. and York, L. L. and Pierson, J. and Parham, P. R.}
}
@article {243,
	title = {Coordinated hydrological regimes in the Indo-Pacific region during the past two millennia},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 795; 565UW Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:42Y},
	abstract = {Instrumental data suggest that major shifts in tropical Pacific atmospheric dynamics and hydrology have occurred within the past century, potentially in response to anthropogenic warming. To better understand these trends, we use the hydrogen isotopic ratios of terrestrial higher plant leaf waxes ( delta D-wax) in marine sediments from southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia, to compile a detailed reconstruction of central Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) hydrologic variability spanning most of the last two millennia. Our paleodata are highly correlated with a monsoon reconstruction from Southeast Asia, indicating that intervals of strong East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) activity are associated with a weaker Indonesian monsoon (IM). Furthermore, the centennial-scale oscillations in our data follow known changes in Northern Hemisphere climate ( e. g., the Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period) implying a dynamic link between Northern Hemisphere temperatures and IPWP hydrology. The inverse relationship between the EASM and IM suggests that migrations of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and associated changes in monsoon strength caused synoptic hydrologic shifts in the IPWP throughout most of the past two millennia.},
	issn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/2009pa001871},
	author = {Tierney, J. E. and Oppo, D. W. and Rosenthal, Y. and Russell, J. M. and Linsley, B. K.}
}
@article {2538,
	title = {Deepwater Formation in the North Pacific During the Last Glacial Termination},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {329},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Sep-07-2010},
	pages = {200 - 204},
	abstract = {Between ~17,500 and 15,000 years ago, the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation weakened substantially in response to meltwater discharges from disintegrating Northern Hemispheric glacial ice sheets. The global effects of this reorganization of poleward heat flow in the North Atlantic extended to Antarctica and the North Pacific. Here we present evidence from North Pacific paleo surface proxy data, a compilation of marine radiocarbon age ventilation records, and global climate model simulations to suggest that during the early stages of the Last Glacial Termination, deep water extending to a depth of ~2500 to 3000 meters was formed in the North Pacific. A switch of deepwater formation between the North Atlantic and the North Pacific played a key role in regulating poleward oceanic heat transport during the Last Glacial Termination.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1190612},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1190612},
	author = {Okazaki, Y. and Timmermann, A. and Menviel, L. and Harada, N. and Abe-Ouchi, A. and Chikamoto, M. O. and Mouchet, A. and Asahi, H.}
}
@article {249,
	title = {FORAMINIFERAL RECORD OF CHANGES IN SUMMER MONSOON PRECIPITATION},
	journal = {Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1974},
	pages = {79-88},
	abstract = {Changes in the oxygen isotopic composition of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber and in the foraminifera faunal composition in a core retrieved from the southeastern Brazilian continental margin were used to infer past changes in the hydrological balance and monsoon precipitation in the western South Atlantic since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The results suggest a first-order orbital (precessional) control on the South American Monsoon precipitation. This agrees with previous studies based on continental proxies except for LGM estimates provided by pollen records. The causes for this disagreement are discussed.},
	doi = {10.4072/rbp.2010.2.01},
	author = {Pivel, M. A. G. and Toledo, F. A. L. and Costa, K. B.}
}
@article {230,
	title = {Freshwater Outburst from Lake Superior as a Trigger for the Cold Event 9300 Years Ago},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {328},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1950; PT: J; UT: WOS:000278318600030},
	pages = {1262-1266},
	abstract = {Paleoclimate proxy records reveal a pervasive cooling event with a Northern Hemispheric extent similar to 9300 years ago. Coeval changes in the oceanic circulation of the North Atlantic imply freshwater forcing. However, the source, magnitude, and routing of meltwater have remained unknown. Located in central North America, Lake Superior is a key site for regulating the outflow of glacial meltwater to the oceans. Here, we show evidence for an similar to 45-meter rapid lake-level fall in this basin, centered on 9300 calibrated years before the present, due to the failure of a glacial drift dam on the southeast corner of the lake. We ascribe the widespread climate anomaly similar to 9300 years ago to this freshwater outburst delivered to the North Atlantic Ocean through the Lake Huron-North Bay-Ottawa River-St. Lawrence River valleys.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1187860},
	author = {Yu, Shi-Yong and Colman, Steven M. and Lowell, Thomas V. and Milne, Glenn A. and Fisher, Timothy G. and Breckenridge, Andy and Boyd, Matthew and Teller, James T.}
}
@article {231,
	title = {Late Holocene Evolution of the Mekong Subaqueous Delta, Southern Vietnam},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {269},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 848; 560AN Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:53Y},
	pages = {46-60},
	abstract = {As Asia{\textquoteright}s third largest river. with regard to sediment load, the Mekong River delivers approximately 160 million tons of sediment per year to the South China Sea. High-resolution seismic profiling and coring during 2006 and 2007 cruises revealed a low gradient, subaqueous delta system, up to 20 m thick, surrounding the modern Mekong River Delta (MRD) in the west of the South China Sea. Based on clinoform structure, grain size Pb-210, AMS C-14, and delta C-13 results, the subaqueous delta is divided into four zones defined by different sedimentary processes and depositional features. Over the past 3000 yr, the evolution of the MRD has shown a morphological asymmetry indicated by a large down-drift area and a rapid progradation around Cape Camau, similar to 200 km downstream from the river mouth. This asymmetric feature is consistent with increased wave influence. The strong southwestward coastal current, strengthened by the Strong NE monsoon, plays an important role locally in longshore transport of resuspended sediments into the Gulf of Thailand. A late Holocene sediment budget for the MRD has been determined, based on the area and thickness of deltaic sediment. Approximately 80\% of Mekong delivered sediment has been trapped within the delta area, which, together with a falling sea-level, resulted in a rapidly prograding MRD over the past 3000 yr. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Margeo.2009.12.005},
	author = {Xue, Z. and Liu, J. P. and DeMaster, D. and Van Nguyen, L. and Ta, T. K. O.}
}
@article {244,
	title = {Late-twentieth-century warming in Lake Tanganyika unprecedented since AD 500},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 2043; PT: J; UT: WOS:000278134100019},
	pages = {422-425},
	abstract = {Instrumental observations suggest that Lake Tanganyika, the largest rift lake in East Africa, has become warmer, increasingly stratified and less productive over the past 90 years (refs 1,2). These trends have been attributed to anthropogenic climate change. However, it remains unclear whether the decrease in productivity is linked to the temperature rise(3,4), and whether the twentieth-century trends are anomalous within the context of longer-term variability. Here, we use the TEX(86) temperature proxy, the weight per cent of biogenic silica and charcoal abundance from Lake Tanganyika sediment cores to reconstruct lake-surface temperature, productivity and regional wildfire frequency, respectively, for the past 1,500 years. We detect a negative correlation between lake-surface temperature and primary productivity, and our estimates of fire frequency, and hence humidity, preclude decreased nutrient input through runoff as a cause for observed periods of low productivity. We suggest that, throughout the past 1,500 years, rising lake-surface temperatures increased the stratification of the lake water column, preventing nutrient recharge from below and limiting primary productivity. Our records indicate that changes in the temperature of Lake Tanganyika in the past few decades exceed previous natural variability. We conclude that these unprecedented temperatures and a corresponding decrease in productivity can be attributed to anthropogenic global warming, with potentially important implications for the Lake Tanganyika fishery.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/NGEO865},
	author = {Tierney, Jessica E. and Mayes, Marc T. and Meyer, Natacha and Johnson, Christopher and Swarzenski, Peter W. and Cohen, Andrew S. and Russell, James M.}
}
@article {242,
	title = {A molecular perspective on Late Quaternary climate and vegetation change in the Lake Tanganyika basin, East Africa},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1850; 574XV Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:111Y},
	pages = {787-800},
	abstract = {Characterizing the nature of past hydrological change and its interactions with vegetation is fundamental to acquiring a better understanding of continental tropical climate dynamics. Here, we outline major shifts in the climate and ecosystem of tropical East Africa for the past 60,000 years (60 ka) by examining molecular records of hydrology, vegetation, and temperature from a sediment sequence from Lake Tanganyika. We demonstrate, via comparison with pollen spectra, that stable carbon isotopes measured on higher plant leaf waxes (delta C-13(wax)) are a reliable proxy for vegetation change. In addition we argue that the D/H ratio of higher plant leaf waxes (delta D-wax) is a robust and independent indicator of past changes in aridity, and is not affected by regional vegetation change directly. Our paired, compound-specific isotope data show that shifts in vegetation lead major changes in hydrology in the Tanganyika basin at several major climate transitions during the past 60,000 years, suggesting that vegetation in the Tanganyika basin is not as sensitive to aridity as previous studies have suggested and that variations in carbon dioxide, temperature, and internal ecosystem dynamics are equally, if not more, important. We hypothesize that regional vegetation change may exert a positive feedback on regional hydrology, thus partially accounting for the abrupt threshold behavior evident in our paleohydrological data. Furthermore, we find that past changes in Tanganyika basin climate and ecology are closely linked to concentrations of atmospheric trace gases, highlighting the paramount influence of global climatic shifts upon regional tropical climate over glacial/interglacial timescales. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.030},
	author = {Tierney, J. E. and Russell, J. M. and Huang, Y. S.}
}
@article {241,
	title = {The potential of New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis) for testing the synchronicity of abrupt climate change during the Last Glacial Interval (60,000-11,700 years ago)},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1982; PT: J; UT: WOS:000285222000001},
	pages = {3677-3682},
	abstract = {The latter part of the Last Glacial Interval (LGI; 60,000 to 11,700 years ago) experienced a range of climatic and environment extremes. To elucidate the mechanisms of these changes requires records of past variability that are precisely dated and correlated on the same absolute timescale. However, despite decades of research, it is still not possible to align most marine and terrestrial records of past change with ice-core records, largely because of ongoing uncertainties over the conversion of pre-Holocene (14)C ages on to a calendar timescale and uncertainties with in ice-core chronologies. As a result, it is equivocal whether climate changes in both hemispheres during the LGI led, lagged or were synchronous with one another. A decadally-resolved radiocarbon calibration is urgently required to test these models of the Earth system. Here we report radiocarbon measurements obtained from subfossil New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis) spanning a collective 3500 years dated between 25,000 and 45,000 years ago. The results are compared to the recently published international calibration curve IntCal09 and to the marine Cariaco Basin datasets. We show that kauri have considerable potential for development of a Southern Hemisphere component of a unified global calibration curve suite, and that tree-ring sequences can be superposed on other radiocarbon records to constrain atmospheric marine offsets and precisely test the synchronicity of abrupt climate change. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.08.017},
	author = {Turney, Chris S. M. and Fifield, L. Keith and Hogg, Alan G. and Palmer, Jonathan G. and Hughen, Konrad and Baillie, Mike G. L. and Galbraith, Rex and Ogden, John and Lorrey, Andrew and Tims, Stephen G. and Jones, Richard T.}
}
@article {471,
	title = {Regional seismic stratigraphy and controls on the Quaternary evolution of the Cape Hatteras region of the Atlantic passive margin, USA},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {268},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1862; 556RX Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:71Y},
	pages = {16-33},
	abstract = {Seismic and core data, combined with amino acid racemization and strontium-isotope age data, enable the definition of the Quaternary stratigraphic framework and recognition of geologic controls on the development of the modern coastal system of North Carolina, U.S.A. Seven regionally continuous high amplitude reflections are defined which bound six seismic stratigraphic units consisting of multiple regionally discontinuous depositional sequences and parasequence sets, and enable an understanding of the evolution of this margin. Data reveal the progressive eastward progradation and aggradation of the Quaternary shelf. The early Pleistocene inner shelf occurs at a depth of ca. 20-40 m beneath the western part of the modern estuarine system (Pamlico Sound). A mid- to outer shelf lowstand terrace (also early Pleistocene) with shelf sand ridge deposits comprising parasequence sets within a transgressive systems tract, occurs at a deeper level (ca. 45-70 m) beneath the modern barrier island system (the Outer Banks) and northern Pamlico Sound. Seismic and foraminiferal paleoenvironmental data from cores indicate the occurrence of lowstand strandplain shoreline deposits on the early to middle Pleistocene shelf. Middle to late Pleistocene deposits occur above a prominent unconformity and marine flooding surface that truncates underlying units, and contain numerous filled fluvial valleys that are incised into the early and middle Pleistocene deposits. The stratigraphic framework suggests margin progradation and aggradation modified by an increase in the magnitude of sea-level fluctuations during the middle to late Pleistocene. expressed as falling stage, lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts. Thick stratigraphic sequences occur within the middle Pleistocene section, suggesting the occurrence of high capacity fluvial point sources debouching into the area from the west and north. Furthermore, the antecedent topography plays a significant role in the evolution of the geomorphology and stratigraphy of this marginal system. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2009.10.007},
	author = {Mallinson, D. J. and Culver, S. J. and Riggs, S. R. and Thieler, E. R. and Foster, D. and Wehmiller, J. and Farrell, K. M. and Pierson, J.}
}
@article {497,
	title = {DNA and lipid molecular stratigraphic records of haptophyte succession in the Black Sea during the Holocene},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {284},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1853; 487NY Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:78; YY},
	pages = {610-621},
	abstract = {Previous studies suggest that the coccolithophorid haptophyte Emiliania huxleyi entered the Black Sea similar to 3400 yrs ago and since then a coccolith ooze defined as Unit I has developed. Unit I sediments contain long-chain alkenones derived from E huxleyi whereas the alkenone distribution of the deeper coccolith-free sapropel (Unit II) is rather unusual. Alkenone-derived past sea surface temperature (SST) estimates suggest a large difference between Unit II and Unit I, which is likely a result of unusual biological precursors of the alkenones in Unit II. Here, we report a high-resolution stratigraphic analysis of ancient haptophyte DNA to establish the Holocene succession of haptophytes as sources of the alkenones in the Black Sea. Haptophytes related to brackish Isochrysis spp. were the initial sources of alkenones, and appeared immediately after the onset of sapropel deposition (similar to 7550 yrs before present [a BP]). As salinity increased, Isochrysis-related haptophytes were slowly replaced by a complex suite of huxleyi strains as sources of alkenones. Our paleogenetic data showed that E. huxleyi colonized the Black Sea shortly after the onset of sapropel deposition, similar to 4000 yrs earlier than previously recognized based on their preserved coccoliths. E. huxleyi strains were the most likely source of the previously reported abundant and unusual C-36 di-unsaturated "Black Sea alkenone". Strong haptophyte species and strain-specific effects were observed on the level of unsaturation of alkenones which resulted in spurious alkenone-derived SST estimates before 5250 a BP. In contrast, from similar to 5250 a BP onwards a relatively stable haptophyte assemblage dominated by a different suite of E. huxleyi strains yielded robust alkenone-SST values and indicated a gradual cooling from 19 degrees C to similar to 15 degrees C at the top of the record (similar to 450 a BP). Published by Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2009.05.029},
	author = {Coolen, M. J. L. and Saenz, J. P. and Giosan, L. and Trowbridge, N. Y. and Dimitrov, P. and Dimitrov, D. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article { ISI:000267640400001,
	title = {High-sensitivity measurement of diverse vascular plant-derived biomarkers in high-altitude ice cores},
	journal = {GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2009},
	month = {JUL 3},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Semi-volatile organic compounds derived from burned and fresh vascular plant sources and preserved in high-altitude ice fields were detected and identified through use of recently developed analytical tools. Specifically, stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desorption coupled with gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry allowed measurement of multiple biomarkers in small sample volumes (<= 30 ml). Among other compounds of interest, several diterpenoids, which suggest inputs from conifers and conifer burning, were identified in post-industrial era and older Holocene ice from the Sajama site in the Bolivian Andes, but not in a glacial period sample, consistent with aridity changes. Differences in biomarker assemblages between sites support the use of these compounds as regionally constrained recorders of vegetation and climate change. This study represents the first application of these analytical techniques to ice core research and the first indication that records of vegetation fires may be reconstructed from diterpenoids in ice. Citation: Makou, M. C., L. G. Thompson, D. B. Montlucon, and T. I. Eglinton (2009), High-sensitivity measurement of diverse vascular plant-derived biomarkers in high-altitude ice cores, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L13501, doi: 10.1029/2009GL037643.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2009GL037643},
	author = {Makou, Matthew C. and Thompson, Lonnie G. and Montlu{\c c}on, Daniel B. and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {432,
	title = {Holocene sea-level changes along the North Carolina Coastline and their implications for glacial isostatic adjustment models},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 814; Sp. Iss. SI 484ZD Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:108Y},
	pages = {1725-1736},
	abstract = {We have synthesized new and existing relative sea-level (RSL) data to produce a quality-controlled, spatially comprehensive database from the North Carolina coastline. The RSL database consists of 54 sea-level index points that are quantitatively related to an appropriate tide level and assigned an error estimate, and a further 33 limiting dates that confine the maximum and minimum elevations of RSL The temporal distribution of the index points is very uneven with only five index points older than 4000 cal a BP, but the form of the Holocene sea-level trend is constrained by both terrestrial and marine limiting dates. The data illustrate RSL rapidly rising during the early and mid Holocene from an observed elevation of -35.7 +/- 1.1 m MSL at 11062-10576 cal a BP to -4.2 m +/- 0.4 m MSL at 4240-3592 cal a BP. We restricted comparisons between observations and predictions from the ICE-5G(VM2) with rotational feedback Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) model to the Late Holocene RSL (last 4000 cal a BP) because of the wealth of sea-level data during this time interval. The ICE-5G(VM2) model predicts significant spatial variations in RSL across North Carolina, thus we subdivided the observations into two regions. The model forecasts an increase in the rate of sea-level rise in Region 1 (Albemarle, Currituck, Roanoke, Croatan, and northern Pamlico sounds) compared to Region 2 (southern Pamlico, Core and Bogue sounds, and farther south to Wilmington). The observations show Late Holocene sea-level rising at 1.14 +/- 0.03 mm year(-1) and 0.82 +/- 0.02 mm year(-1) in Regions 1 and 2, respectively. The ICE-5G(VM2) predictions capture the general temporal trend of the observations, although there is an apparent misfit for index points older than 2000 cal a BR It is presently unknown whether these misfits are caused by possible tectonic uplift associated with the mid-Carolina Platform High or a flaw in the CIA model. A comparison of local tide gauge data with the Late Holocene RSL trends from Regions 1 and 2 support the spatial variation in RSL across North Carolina, and imply an additional increase of mean sea level of greater than 2 mm year(-1) during the latter half of the 20th century; this is in general agreement with historical tide gauge and satellite altimetry data. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.02.002},
	author = {Horton, B. P. and Peltier, W. R. and Culver, S. J. and Drummond, R. and Engelhart, S. E. and Kemp, A. C. and Mallinson, D. and Thieler, E. R. and Riggs, S. R. and Ames, D. V. and Thomson, K. H.}
}
@article {1846,
	title = {Intcal09 and Marine09 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves, 0-50,000 Years Cal Bp Rid F-4952-2011 Rid B-7298-2008},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1983; PT: J; UT: WOS:000274407500002},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {1111-1150},
	abstract = {The IntCal04 and Marine04 radiocarbon calibration curves have been updated from 12 cal kBP (cal kBP is here defined as thousands of calibrated years before AD 1950), and extended to 50 cal kBP, utilizing newly available data sets that meet the IntCal Working Group criteria for pristine corals and other carbonates and for quantification of uncertainty in both the (14)C and calendar timescales as established in 2002. No change was made to the curves from 0-12 cal kBP. The curves were constructed using a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) implementation of the random walk model used for IntCal04 and Marine04. The new curves were ratified at the 20th International Radiocarbon Conference in June 2009 and; ire available in the Supplemental Material at www.radiocarbon.org.},
	isbn = {0033-8222},
	author = {Reimer, P. J. and Baillie, M. G. L. and Bard, E. and Bayliss, A. and Beck, J. W. and Blackwell, P. G. and Ramsey, C. Bronk and Buck, C. E. and Burr, G. S. and Edwards, R. L. and Friedrich, M. and Grootes, P. M. and Guilderson, T. P. and Hajdas, I. and Heaton, T. J. and Hogg, A. G. and Hughen, K. A. and Kaiser, K. F. and Kromer, B. and McCormac, F. G. and Manning, S. W. and Reimer, R. W. and Richards, D. A. and Southon, J. R. and Talamo, S. and Turney, C. S. M. and van der Plicht, J. and Weyhenmeye, C. E.}
}
@article {302,
	title = {Land-sea linkage of Holocene paleoclimate on the Southern Bering Continental Shelf},
	journal = {Holocene},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1878; 470HQ Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:76Y},
	pages = {747-756},
	abstract = {Detailed diatom records within surface and core sediments from the Southern Bering Continental Shelf (SBCS) reveal that the Holocene evolution of sea-ice distribution is associated with low pressure patterns. Holocene sea-ice distribution over the SBCS was mainly controlled by the location of the Aleutian Low. The corresponding paleoceanographic and paleoclimate conditions can be divided into three stages. (1) the early Holocene K before 7000 cal. yr BP) was characterized by extensive sea-ice distribution under two low-pressure cells, which covered the western Bering-Sea and the Gulf of Alaska, respectively. (2) Between 3000 and 7000 cal. yr BP, the low-pressure system over the Gulf of Alaska became weak, causing total sea-ice mass over the SBCS to retreat. (3) In the past 3000 years, prevailing southwesterly winds over the SBCS due to the developing Aleutian Low have reduced further sea-ice cover on the SBCS. These paleoclimatic changes were probably a response to ENSO variation. The timings of water mass exchanges on the SBCS coincided with sea-level change along the Alaskan Peninsula. As a result, subsequent morphologic alterations have also influenced the paleoceanographic condition of the SBCS. The effect of the surface coastal water and bottom marine water on the SBCS intensified about 6000 cal. yr BP when sea level increased.},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683609105298},
	author = {Katsuki, K. and Khim, B. K. and Itaki, T. and Harada, N. and Sakai, H. and Ikeda, T. and Takahashi, K. and Okazaki, Y. and Asahi, H.}
}
@article {1851,
	title = {Millennial time scale changes in surface to intermediate-deep layer circulation recorded in the sediment cores from the northwestern North Pacific},
	journal = {The Quaternary Research},
	volume = {48},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1877},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {179-194},
	author = {Harada, N. and Kimoto, K. and Okazaki, Y. and Nagashima, K. and Timmermann, A. and Abe-Ouchi, A.}
}
@article {509,
	title = {Oceanographic and climatologic controls on the compositions and fluxes of biogenic materials in the water column and sediments of the Cariaco Basin over the Late Holocene},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1871; 430SK Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:69Y},
	pages = {614-640},
	abstract = {Materials collected by sediment traps over a 3-y period and sedimentary horizons from a gravity core covering the last 6000y were used to investigate the effects of climate-related processes such as wind-driven upwelling and regional rainfall on the production, export and burial of particulate organic matter in the Cariaco Basin. A variety of chemical analyses, including organic carbon and nitrogen, biogenic opal, calcite, lithogenic contents, stable carbon isotopic ratios of organic matter and the yields of CuO reaction products derived from distinct biochemicals such as amino acids, fatty acids and lignins, were carried out for this purpose. Principal component analyses were used to investigate the trends in this multivariate data set. These analyses reveal marked temporal differences in the composition of the materials sinking through the water column, which were related to distinct oceanographic and climatic forcings. For example, autorchthonous fluxes, characterized by elevated contents of organic carbon and opal as well as high yields of amino acid and fatty acid reaction products, displayed peaks during periods of intense wind-driven upwelling. In contrast, allochthonous materials, characterized by elevated lithogenic contents and elevated yields of lignin-derived products, were more important during periods of high rainfall, low wind and enhanced stratification. In addition to the strong seasonal contrasts, there was significant temporal variability at both shorter (monthly) and longer (inter-annual) time scales. Hence, other factors, such as zooplankton grazing and El Nino effects on local climatology, may also be important. Examination of the gravity core record yielded several significant trends. For example, there was a marked increase in sediment accumulation rates from 5000 to ca. 700 y before present with concomitant increases in the concentrations of organic carbon, opal and most biomarkers. These results suggest that the Cariaco Basin experienced a marked increase in primary productivity and particle flux to the underlying sediments since the Holocene Thermal Maximum. Also within the sedimentary record, we observed distinct variations in the relative contributions of autochthonous and allochthonous organic matter. The frequency of these variations is roughly 1500y and appears to match ice-rafted debris records from the North Atlantic. Such coincidence indicates cold periods within the Holocene, which are related to minima in insolation, may have led to the southern migration of the inter-tropical convergence zone and the enhancement of wind-driven upwelling, primary productivity and autochthonous organic matter flux to the seabed in the Cariaco Basin. Alternatively, during warm periods, the opposite climatic conditions would have increased both the thermal stratification of the water column and average rainfall in the Cariaco Basin, leading to elevated inputs of allochthonous materials. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2008.11.010},
	author = {Go{\~n}i, M. A. and Aceves, H. and Benitez-Nelson, B. and Tappa, E. and Thunell, R. and Black, D. E. and Muller-Karger, F. and Astor, Y. and Varela, R.}
}
@article {525,
	title = {Paleolimnological records of recent glacier recession in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda-D. R. Congo},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2048; PT: J; UT: WOS:000262651500002},
	pages = {253-271},
	abstract = {The status of tropical glaciers is enormously important to our understanding of past, present, and future climate change, yet lack of continuous quantitative records of alpine glacier extent on the highest mountains of tropical East Africa prior to the 20th century has left the timing and drivers of recent glacier recession in the region equivocal. Here we investigate recent changes (the last 150-700 years) in lacustrine sedimentation, glacier extent, and biogeochemical processes in the Rwenzori Mountains (Uganda- Democratic Republic of Congo) by comparing sedimentological (organic and siliciclastic component determined by loss-on-ignition; LOI) and organic geochemical profiles (carbon and nitrogen abundance, ratio, and isotopic composition of sedimentary organic matter) from lakes occupying presently glaciated catchments against similar profiles from lakes located in catchments lacking glaciers. The siliciclastic content of sediments in the {\textquoteright}glacial lakes{\textquoteright} significantly decreases towards the present, whereas {\textquoteright}non-glacial lakes{\textquoteright} generally show weak trends in their siliciclastic content over time, demonstrating that changes in the siliciclastic content of glacial lake sediments primarily record fluctuations in glacier extent. Radiometric dating of our sediment cores indicates that prior to their late 19th-century recession Rwenzori glaciers stood at expanded {\textquoteright}Little Ice Age{\textquoteright} positions for several centuries under a regionally dry climate regime, and that recession was underway by 1870 AD, during a regionally wet episode. These findings suggest that the influence of late 19th century reductions in precipitation in triggering Rwenzori glacier recession is weaker than previously thought. Our organic geochemical data indicate that glacier retreat has significantly affected carbon cycling in Afroalpine lakes, but trends in aquatic ecosystem functioning are variable among lakes and require more detailed analysis.},
	issn = {0921-2728},
	doi = {10.1007/s10933-008-9224-4},
	author = {Russell, J. and Eggermont, H. and Taylor, R. and Verschuren, D.}
}
@article { ISI:000269223500001,
	title = {Recently exposed vegetation reveals Holocene changes in the extent of the Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru},
	journal = {QUATERNARY RESEARCH},
	volume = {72},
	number = {{2}},
	year = {2009},
	month = {SEP},
	pages = {157-163},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon dating of well-preserved, in-place vegetation exposed by the retreating Quelccaya Ice Cap of southeastern Peru constrains the last time the ice cap{\textquoteright}s extent was smaller than at present. Seventeen plant samples from two sites along the central western margin collectively date to 4700 and 5100 cal yr BP and strongly indicate that current ice cap retreat is unprecedented over the past similar to 5 millennia. Seventeen vegetation samples interbedded in a nearby clastic sedimentary sequence suggest ice-free conditions at this site from similar to 5200 to at least similar to 7000 cal yr BP, and place minimum constraint on early- to mid-Holocene ice cap extent. (C) 2009 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {14C dating, Andes, Climate change, Glacier retreat, Holocene, Peru, Quelccaya Ice Cap, South America, Tropical glaciers},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2009.02.007},
	author = {Buffen, Aron M. and Thompson, Lonnie G. and Mosley-Thompson, Ellen and Huh, Kyung In}
}
@article {537,
	title = {Report from the International Permafrost Association: Carbon Pools in Permafrost Regions},
	journal = {Permafrost and Periglacial Processes},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2027; PT: J; UT: WOS:000267409000012},
	pages = {229-234},
	issn = {1045-6740},
	doi = {10.1002/ppp.648},
	author = {Kuhry, Peter and Ping, Chien-Lu and Schuur, Edward A. G. and Tarnocai, Charles and Zimov, Sergey}
}
@article {277,
	title = {Spatial variability of late Holocene and 20th century sea-level rise along the Atlantic coast of the United States},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1872Y},
	pages = {1115-1118},
	issn = {0091-7613 1943-2682},
	doi = {10.1130/G30360A.1},
	author = {Engelhart, Simon E. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Douglas, Bruce C. and Peltier, W. Richard and T{\"o}rnqvist, Torbj{\"o}rn E.}
}
@article {1839,
	title = {Towards a quantitative and independent reconstruction of Holocene temperature and precipitation in Northern Great Plains using novel organic proxies},
	journal = {Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {90},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 891},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract PP21D-06},
	author = {Toney, J. L. and Huang, Y. and Fritz, S. C. and Baker, P. and Grimm, E. C. and Nyren, P. E.}
}
@article {536,
	title = {Accelerator mass spectrometry C-14 determination in CO2 produced from laser decomposition of aragonite},
	journal = {Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1891; 370OU Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:16Y},
	pages = {3443-3449},
	abstract = {The determination of C-14 in aragonite (CaCO3) decomposed thermally to CO2 using an yttrium-aluminum-garnet doped neodymium laser is reported. Laser decomposition accelerator mass spectrometry (LD-AMS) measurements reproduce AMS determinations of C-14 from the conventional reaction of aragonite with concentrated phosphoric acid. The lack of significant differences between these sets of measurements indicates that LD-AMS radiocarbon dating can overcome the significant fractionation that has been observed during stable isotope (C and O) laser decomposition analysis of different carbonate minerals. The laser regularly converted nearly 30\% of material removed into CO2 despite it being optimized for ablation, where laser energy breaks material apart rather than chemically altering it. These results illustrate promise for using laser decomposition on the front-end of AMS systems that directly measure CO2 gas. The feasibility of such measurements depends on (1) the improvement of material removal and/or CO2 generation efficiency of the laser decomposition system and (2) the ionization efficiency of AMS systems measuring continuously flowing CO2 Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	issn = {0951-4198},
	doi = {10.1002/Rcm.3745},
	author = {Rosenheim, B. E. and Thorrold, S. R. and Roberts, M. L.}
}
@article {511,
	title = {C-14 as a tracer of labile organic matter in Antarctic benthic food webs},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1854; 386VU Times Cited:7 Cited References Count:98Y},
	pages = {2438-2450},
	abstract = {C-14 measurements were made on surface plankton, particle-trap material, surface sediment, benthic invertebrate gut contents, and body tissue samples to assess the effectiveness of this radioisotope as a tracer of labile organic carbon in Antarctic benthic food webs. Samples were collected on five cruises to the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) shelf between November 1999 and March 2001 as part of the Food for Benthos on the ANtarctic Continental-Shelf (FOODBANCS) Project. The 14C contents of the body tissues from a variety of deposit feeders (-126 +/- 13 per mil) were substantially enriched relative to the surface sediment (-234 +/- 13 per mil) and statistically similar to the organic matter collected in plankton tows (-135 +/- 10 per mil), indicating that recently produced marine plankton are the primary source of nutrition for these deposit feeders on the West Antarctic shelf. Selective ingestion was the primary feeding strategy used by echiuran worms and certain holothurians (i.e. Peniagone vignoni) for incorporating labile organic carbon into their tissues as demonstrated by the large differences (105 +/- 13 per mil) between surface sediment and gut content C-14 activities. In contrast, digestive and/or assimilatory, selection was the predominant strategy used by an irregular urchin (Amphipneustes lorioli) and several other holothurians (Protelpidia murrayi, Bathyplotes fuscivinculum and the head-clown conveyor belt feeder, Molpadia musculus), as demonstrated by large differences (42 +/- 7 per mil) between the 14C activities of their foregut or whole-gut organic contents and their body tissues. Despite large fluctuations in carbon export from the euphotic zone, benthic feeding strategies remained essentially constant over the 15-month sampling period. No seasonal variation was evident in either the 14C abundance of the deposit-feeder body tissues, or in the 14C abundance of their gut contents. The mean C-14 abundance in the body tissues of the two sub-surface deposit feeders (A. lorioli and M. musculus; mean = -136.2 +/- 8.5 per mil) was distinct (p = 0.0008) from the mean 14C abundance in the body tissues of the four surface deposit feeders (echiuran worm, P vignoni, P. murrayi, and B. fusciviculum; -122.6 +/- 12.3 per mil). The mean 14 C abundance of the gut contents from the sub-surface deposit feeders (-178.0 +/- 18.6 per mil) also was significantly depleted (p = 0.0009) relative to that of the surface deposit feeders (-149.5 +/- 26.6 per mil). The 14C measurements proved to be a much more sensitive tracer for tracking labile organic carbon during ingestive and assimilatory processes than the stable isotopes of carbon or nitrogen. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.06.004},
	author = {Purinton, B. L. and DeMaster, D. J. and Thomas, C. J. and Smith, C. R.}
}
@article {492,
	title = {Changes in the composition of organic matter from prodeltaic sediments after a large flood event (Po River, Italy)},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {72},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 888; 290IO Times Cited:4 Cited References Count:66Y},
	pages = {2100-2114},
	abstract = {The Po River (Italy) experienced a 100-year flood in October 2000. Surface sediments (0-1 cm) from cross-shelf transects were collected in the Po prodelta area (Adriatic Sea) in December 2000, in order to describe the distribution of organic matter (OM) along the main sediment dispersal system immediately after the flood event. Stations were subsequently reoccupied in October 2001 and April 2002. This sampling program provided a special opportunity to characterize the initial surficial flood deposit and the evolution of its associated OM over the course of 2 years. CuO oxidation, elemental, delta C-13, Delta C-14, and grain-size analyses were carried out to characterize the source, age, and spatial variability of sedimentary OM. Statistical analysis (PERMANOVA) was then applied to investigate temporal changes in different portions of the Po prodelta area. Isotopic and biomarker data suggest that the sedimentary OM in the flood deposit was initially dominated by aged (Delta C-14(Dec-00) = -298.7 +/- 56.3\%,), lignin-poor OM (Lambda(Dec-00) = 1.96 +/- 0.33 mg/100 mg OC), adsorbed on the fine material (clay(Dec-00) = 72.1 +/- 4.8\%) delivered by the flood. In the 2 years following the flood, post-depositional processes significantly increased the content of lignin (Lambda(Oct-01) = 2.19 +/- 0.51 mg/100 mg OC; Lambda(Apr-02) = 2.61 +/- 0.63 mg/100 mg OC); and coarse material (silt and sand), while decreasing the contributions from aged OC (Delta C-14(Oct-01) = -255.7 +/- 32.8\%.; Delta C-14(Apr-02) = -213.2 +/- 30.4\%.) and fine fraction (clay(Oct-01) = 54.8 +/- 9.5\%; clay(Apr-02) = 44.6 +/- 13.3\%). The major changes were observed in the northern and central portions of the prodelta. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Gca.2008.02.005},
	author = {Tesi, T. and Langone, L. and Go{\~n}i, M. A. and Miserocchi, S. and Bertasi, F.}
}
@article {1872,
	title = {Environmental and Climatic Controls on the Occurrence and Abundance of Long Chain Alkenones in Lakes of the Interior United States},
	journal = {Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 892},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract 2008},
	author = {Toney, J. L. and Fritz, S. and Baker, P. and Grim, E. and Nyren, P. and Theroux, S. and Huang, Y.}
}
@article {311,
	title = {Growth analysis and age validation of a deepwater Arctic fish, the Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides)},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 806; 322ER Times Cited:3 Cited References Count:56Y},
	pages = {1047-1059},
	abstract = {The accuracy of age interpretations on a deep-sea, Arctic fish species, the Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) was tested using several age validation methods. Consistent annual growth increments were either not formed or not visible in either whole or sectioned otoliths from three fish marked with oxytetracyline and recaptured after 2-4 years at liberty. Bomb radiocarbon assays based on a local reference chronology indicated that both whole and sectioned otoliths underestimated age by 1-15 years, with an average of 6 years. Growth rates estimated using the tag recapture model GROTAG were consistent with growth rates based on the radiocarbon assays and were less than half that of previously reported growth rates. The failure of otolith sections to provide an accurate age is unusual, but may be symptomatic of very slow-growing species with unusually shaped otoliths. Greenland halibut living in the deep-sea, Arctic environment are slower growing and longer lived than previously suspected, suggesting that the age-structured basis for current fisheries management warrants careful examination. Our results highlight the importance of using rigorous tests of ageing accuracy for exploited species and confirm that such age validation methods can be applied successfully in challenging environments such as the deep sea or the Arctic.},
	issn = {0706-652X},
	doi = {10.1139/F08-030},
	author = {Treble, M. A. and Campana, S. E. and Wastle, R. J. and Jones, C. M. and Boje, J.}
}
@article {321,
	title = {Holocene erosion of the Lesser Himalaya triggered by intensified summer monsoon},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 800; 247YL Times Cited:7 Cited References Count:27; YY},
	pages = {79-82},
	abstract = {Climate is one of the principal controls setting rates of continental erosion. Here we present the results of a provenance analysis of Holocene sediments from the Indus delta in order to assess climatic controls on erosion over millennial time scales. Bulk sediment Nd isotope analysis reveals a number of changes during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene (at 14-20,11-12 and 8-9 ka) away from erosion of the Karakoram and toward more sediment flux from the Himalaya. Radiometric Ar-Ar dating of muscovite and U-Pb dating of zircon sand grains indicate that the Lesser Himalaya eroded relatively more strongly than the Greater Himalaya as global climate warmed and the summer monsoon intensified after 14 ka. Monsoon rains appear to be the primary force controlling erosion across the western Himalaya, at least over millennial time scales. This variation is preserved with no apparent lag in sediments from the delta, but not in the deep Arabian Sea, due to sediment buffering on the continental shelf.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G24315a.1},
	author = {Clift, P. D. and Giosan, L. and Biusztajn, J. and Campbell, I. H. and Allen, C. and Pringle, M. and Tabrez, A. R. and Danish, M. and Rabbani, M. M. and Alizai, A. and Carter, A. and Lueckge, A.}
}
@article {1539,
	title = {ITUHU SITE (32SN110) 1995 Archeological Excavations, Stutsman County, North Dakota. James River Report Number 5},
	volume = {University of North Dakota Anthropology Research Contribution No.411},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 771},
	month = {2008},
	institution = {University of North Dakota},
	address = {Grand Forks ND},
	author = {Toom, Dennis L.},
	editor = {Toom, D. L.}
}
@article {453,
	title = {Late Pleistocene freshwater fish (Cottidae) trackways from New England (USA) glacial lakes and a reinterpretation of the ichnogenus Broomichnium Kuhn},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {260},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2129},
	pages = {375-388},
	abstract = {New trace fossil material from Late Pleistocene glaciolacustrine varves of the Connecticut River Valley, New England, USA represent the first evidence of freshwater sculpin in glacial Lake Hitchcock. Paleobiogeographic data constrain the timing of the last reinhabitation of freshwater cottids from a Wisconsinan glacial refugium. Freshwater sculpin were present in the area of study by ~ 13.7 ky BP, moving approximately 400 km in 5000 yr, and following the ice margin at distances as close as 35 km. The trace fossils warrant erection of a new ichnospecies, Broomichnium flirii isp. nov. Comparison of this new ichnospecies to Broomichnium permianum reveals distinct similarities, and it is possible that the Permian examples of B. permianum also were made by fish, which would reconcile a long-running controversy. Many groups of fish are demersal and make ventral body contact with the substrate and could potentially leave similar traces. Identifying new forms of trace fossils made by fish that use alternative modes of locomotion will prove useful in paleoenvironmental interpretations.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.12.004},
	author = {Benner, Jacob S. and Ridge, John C. and Taft, Natalia K.}
}
@article {452,
	title = {Micropaleontologic record of late pliocene and quaternary paleoenvironments in the northern Albemarle embayment, North Carolina, USA},
	journal = {Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology},
	volume = {264},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 815; 331MZ Times Cited:2 Cited References Count:79Y},
	pages = {54-77},
	abstract = {Micropaleontological data provide a strong actualistic basis for detailed interpretations of Quaternary paleoenvironmental change. The 90 m-thick Quaternary record of the Albemarle Embayment in the mid-Atlantic coastal plain of the USA provides an excellent opportunity to use such an approach in a region where the details of Quaternary environmental change are poorly known. The foraminiferal record in nine cores from the northern Outer Banks, east of Albemarle Sound, North Carolina, indicates the deposition of subhorizontal, mostly open-marine early to late Pleistocene units unconformably upon a basement of late Pliocene reduced-oxygen, fine-grained, shelf-basin deposits. Pollen data record several warm-cool fluctuations within the early to mid-Pleistocene deposits. Diatom data indicate that some fresh and brackish-water units occur within the generally open-marine Pleistocene succession. A channel cut by the paleo-Roanoke River during the last glacial sea-level lowstand occurs in the northern part of the study area. Pollen indicates that the basal fluvial valley fill accumulated in cooler than modern climate conditions in the latest Pleistocene. Overlying silts and muds accumulated under cool climatic, estuarine conditions according to diatom and pollen data. Radiocarbon ages from the estuarine deposits indicate that the bulk of these sediments accumulated during the latest Pleistocene. The estuarine channel-fill deposits are overlain by Holocene open-marine sands deposited as the rising sea transgressed into the estuary approximately 8.5 to 9.0 kyr BR Within the barrier island drill cores of this study, fully marine sedimentation occurred throughout the Holocene. However, immediately west of the present barrier island, mid- to late Holocene estuarine deposits underlie the modern Albemarle Sound. The islands that currently form a continuous barrier across the mouth of Albemarle Sound have a complex history of Holocene construction and destruction and large portions of them may be less than 3 kyr old. The barrier island sands overlie open-marine sands of Colington Shoal in the north and to the south overlie fluvial and marine sand filling paleo-Roanoke tributary valleys. The Pleistocene sediments underlying the northern Outer Banks study area are mainly of open inner to midshelf origin. If, as is likely, sea level continues to rise, a return to such environmental conditions is likely in the near future. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.012},
	author = {Culver, S. J. and Farrell, K. M. and Mallinson, D. J. and Horton, B. P. and Willard, D. A. and Thieler, E. R. and Riggs, S. R. and Snyder, S. W. and Wehmiller, J. F. and Bernhardt, C. E. and Hillier, C.}
}
@article {335,
	title = {Northern hemisphere controls on tropical southeast African climate during the past 60,000 years},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {322},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2047; PT: J; UT: WOS:000259902300046},
	pages = {252-255},
	abstract = {The processes that control climate in the tropics are poorly understood. We applied compound-specific hydrogen isotopes (delta D) and the TEX(86) (tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms) temperature proxy to sediment cores from Lake Tanganyika to independently reconstruct precipitation and temperature variations during the past 60,000 years. Tanganyika temperatures follow Northern Hemisphere insolation and indicate that warming in tropical southeast Africa during the last glacial termination began to increase similar to 3000 years before atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. delta D data show that this region experienced abrupt changes in hydrology coeval with orbital and millennial-scale events recorded in Northern Hemisphere monsoonal climate records. This implies that precipitation in tropical southeast Africa is more strongly controlled by changes in Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures and the winter Indian monsoon than by migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1160485},
	author = {Tierney, Jessica E. and Russell, James M. and Huang, Yongsong and Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe and Hopmans, Ellen C. and Cohen, Andrew S.}
}
@article {385,
	title = {Radiocarbon evidence for the importance of surface vegetation on fermentation and methanogenesis in contrasting types of boreal peatlands},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1949; PT: J; UT: WOS:000262041000002},
	pages = {GB4022-GB4022},
	abstract = {We found a consistent distribution pattern for radiocarbon in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and methane replicated across spatial and temporal scales in northern peatlands from Minnesota to Alaska. The (14)C content of DOC is relatively modern throughout the peat column, to depths of 3 m. In sedge-dominated peatlands, the (14)C contents of the products of respiration, CH(4) and DIC, are essentially the same and are similar to that of DOC. In Sphagnum- and woody plant-dominated peatlands with few sedges, however, the respiration products are similar but intermediate between the (14)C contents of the solid phase peat and the DOC. Preliminary data indicates qualitative differences in the pore water DOC, depending on the extent of sedge cover, consistent with the hypothesis that the DOC in sedge-dominated peatlands is more reactive than DOC in peatlands where Sphagnum or other vascular plants dominate. These data are supported by molecular level analysis of DOC by ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry that suggests more dramatic changes with depth in the composition of DOC in the sedge-dominated peatland pore waters relative to changes observed in DOC where Sphagnum dominates. The higher reactivity of DOC from sedge-dominated peatlands may be a function of either different source materials or environmental factors that are related to the abundance of sedges in peatlands.},
	issn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2008GB003274},
	author = {Chanton, J. P. and Glaser, P. H. and Chasar, L. S. and Burdige, D. J. and Hines, M. E. and Siegel, D. I. and Tremblay, L. B. and Cooper, W. T.}
}
@article {510,
	title = {Source and composition of organic matter in the Bari canyon (Italy): Dense water cascading versus particulate export from the upper ocean},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 828; 330FL Times Cited:4 Cited References Count:87Y},
	pages = {813-831},
	abstract = {Recent studies in the southern Adriatic Sea have shown that dense water cascading is an effective off-shelf transport mechanism. In order to evaluate the relative importance of different processes affecting the down-slope transfer of organic matter (OM), a multi-proxy biogeochemical study was carried out in the southern Adriatic. Three sediment traps were deployed on the southern slope in March 2004 for 1 year at 35 m above the seabed. Surficial sediments were collected on the shelf and slope along a shore-normal transect. Suspended material in the water column at different water depths was collected along nine shore-normal transects. Organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), carbon isotopic composition (delta C-13 and Delta C-14) and CuO reaction products were used to identify the OM sources and to asses the relative importance of vertical and lateral particulate fluxes. Both sinking particulates from the euphotic zone and advected material from the seafloor were collected by the moored instrumentations. During low-mass fluxes, the trapped material exhibited the highest Delta C-14 values (from -162.0 parts per thousand to +42.3 parts per thousand) and OC contents (from 1.13\% to 2.17\%) while the lignin displayed the lowest content (from 0.160 to 0.285 mg 100 mg(-1) OC). However, during dense water cascading events, the down-slope particulate flux showed different compositional features. In this period the trapped material displayed the most depleted Delta C-14 values (from -275.3 parts per thousand to -171.3 parts per thousand.), the lowest OC content (from 0.87\% to 1.31\%), and the highest lignin content (from 0.230 to 379 mg 100 mg(-1) OC). Holocene sea-level rise has drastically reduced sediment availability to the Bari canyon, and this in turn has affected the OC composition of the material funneled toward the deep Adriatic Sea. Parameters based on lignin CuO products suggest that the terrestrial material exported down the slope is very different from riverine inputs and inner shelf sediments. This indicates that neither river floods nor sediment resuspension from the inner shelf contributes directly to the down-slope flux. Rather, the material collected in the sediment traps exhibits an OM composition comparable to the surface sediments collected in the southern outer shelf. This correspondence suggests that resuspension of sediments by bottom currents in the southern outer shelf significantly contribute to down-slope OM transfer. Finally, the presence of lignin phenols in all cups indicates that lateral fluxes were constantly active on the slope throughout the deployment. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2008.03.007},
	author = {Tesi, T. and Langone, L. and Go{\~n}i, M. A. and Turchetto, M. and Miserocchi, S. and Boldrin, A.}
}
@article { ISI:000262186900001,
	title = {Stratigraphy, pollen history and geochronology of tidal marshes in a Gulf of Maine estuarine system: Climatic and relative sea level impacts},
	journal = {MARINE GEOLOGY},
	volume = {256},
	number = {{1-4}},
	year = {2008},
	month = {DEC 20},
	pages = {1-17},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {Sedimentologic and stratigraphic characteristics of five tidal marshes in Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire, which is located on the western boundary of the Gulf of Maine, were assessed from 20 vibracores. detailed descriptions of surficial environments, pollen analyses, and radiocarbon dating. Modern marsh sequences in Great Bay Estuary initiated with a time-transgressive basal peat that formed at the upland-brackish marsh boundary. The oldest basal peat deposit sampled during this study was dated at similar to 4560 cal yr B.P (based on an age of 4060 +/- 40 C-14 yr B.P.). The original tidal marshes that formed in Great Bay Estuary apparently were unable to accrete at a high enough rate to allow seaward expansion, resulting in a transgressive sequence of low marsh or mudflat sediments overlying the basal peat. The transgressive tidal marsh sequence is capped by high marsh sediments that corresponded to a slowing of relative sea-level (RSL) rise in the region and regressive seaward expansion of the tidal marshes. However, significant variations from these transgressive-regressive sequences occur in the Great Bay tidal marshes as a result of more recent marsh expansion and tidal channel migrations. Detailed pollen analyses of a vibracore taken in a tidal marsh along Squamscott River with a sedimentary record spanning the last similar to 3900 cal yr B.P exhibit five well-documented marker horizons including: 1) an increase of Tsuga (hemlock); 2) the appearance of Picea (spruce); 3) Tsuga and Fagus (beech) declines; 4) an increase in Ambrosia (ragweed) coupled with a sudden decrease in Quercus (oak); and 5) the Castanea (chestnut) decline. Using published ages for these pollen horizons and a calibrated 14C age obtained during this study for a basal peat, accretion rates for this marsh system over five time intervals were calculated: 1) 0.4 to 0.5 mm yr(-1) from similar to 3900 to 2850 cal yr B.P.; 2) 0.6 mm yr(-1) from similar to 2850 to similar to 1960 cal yr B.P.; 3) 0.8 mm yr(-1) from similar to 1960 to similar to 580 cal yr B.P.; 4) 0.7 to 0.8 mm yr(-1) from similar to 580 to similar to 210 cal yr B.P.: and 5) 0.8 to 0.9 mm yr(-1) over the last 210 years. The long-term accretion rate for the entire sequence based on the calibrated C-14 age of the basal peat was 0.6 to 0.7 mm yr(-1). This result agrees with accretion rates determined from calibrated C-14 ages from two other tidal marsh systems in Great Bay Estuary with accretion rates between similar to 0.6 to similar to 0.8 mm yr(-1). Higher accretion rates were obtained at a nearby tidal marsh with 1.2 mm yr(-1) for just the marsh and 1.3 mm yr(-1) for the marsh and underlying subtidal sediment. The results of this study indicate that the sedimentology and stratigraphy of moderate-size tidal marshes in rocky, glaciated coasts are highly variable and are strongly influenced by complex interactions among RSL, climatic variations, and anthropogenic influences. For instance, the early development of many of the marshes in the Great Bay Estuary area were likely driven by changes in rates of RSL resulting in transgressive onlap boundaries, subsequently overlain by regressive intertidal marsh sequences. However, more recent changes in tidal marsh sediment composition deposited during a relatively slow, steady RSL rise likely result from other forcings. such as changes in minerogenic and orogenic sediment inputs due to anthropogenic effects, tidal channel migrations, major storms causing erosion of the marsh, or climatic changes causing shifts in sediment delivery or vegetation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {accretion, climate effects, pollen, relative sea level, salt marshes, sedimentology, stratigraphy},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2008.08.004},
	author = {Ward, Larry G. and Zaprowski, Brent J. and Trainer, Kevin D. and Davis, P. Thompson}
}
@article {253,
	title = {Subdecadally resolved paleoceanography of the Peru margin during the last two millennia},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 780; 303SA Times Cited:7 Cited References Count:54Y},
	abstract = {Using multiproxy sediment core data from the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-sensitive Peru margin, subdecadally resolved (down to similar to 0.6 year) surface productivity and subsurface denitrification are reconstructed for the last similar to 2300 years. Scanning XRF generated major elemental data (Ti, Fe, Si) correlate well with discrete inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectometry (ICP-AES) analyses and together with X-radiography (core density) are used as productivity indices. As surface productivity in this marine region is strongly impacted by ENSO, higher (lower) periods of surface productivity are inferred to represent a persistent normal/La Nina (El Nino)-like state. Surface productivity and subsurface denitrification appear to have remained intimately coupled during this period due to direct stimulation of requisite subsurface suboxia and/or hydrographic restructuring. The late Holocene Peru margin is characterized by persistent moderate productivity and subsurface denitrification punctuated at centennial scale by shorter-duration periods of high production and intense denitrification. These centennial-scale events are likely analogous to modern observations of decadal-scale "regime shifts{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} but of higher amplitude and provide a background history for future natural changes to this system. Solar (irradiance) variability is suggested to have influenced Peru productivity as evidenced in numerous high-resolution paleorecords from the northern hemisphere.},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2007gc001744},
	author = {Agnihotri, R. and Altabet, M. A. and Herbert, T. D. and Tierney, J. E.}
}
@article {278,
	title = {TRACING PAST CIRCULATION CHANGES IN THE WESTERN SOUTH ATLANTIC BASED ON PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA},
	journal = {Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1973},
	pages = {169-178},
	abstract = {In this study, we traced past oceanographic changes in the southeastern Brazilian Continental Margin based on the ratio between two planktonic foraminifera species (Globigerina bulloides and Globigerinoides ruber), along a core located close to the transition between the tropical and subtropical biogeographic provinces. Each species is representative of a biogeographic province and has excluding ecological preferences. According to our interpretation, periods of low G. bulloides/G. ruber values would characterize a stronger influence of the warm, oligotrophic tropical water and, conversely, periods of high G. bulloides/G. ruber values correspond to a stronger influence of colder and nutrient-richer waters. Changes in the relative influence of the different water masses are strongly dependent on the regional wind field which affects the upper-level circulation mostly by the latitudinal displacement of the bifurcation of the South Equatorial Current which, in turn, has strong impacts on the Brazil Current{\textquoteright}s strength and on the intensity of the upwelling regime in the study area. The analysis of the last 30 kyr record, suggests that productivity was highly increased both around the Last Glacial Maximum and the Younger Dryas event. In between these events, the record suggests that productivity was severely decreased during deglaciation. Also, our record suggests a gradual decrease in productivity from 11 kyr BP through the Holocene which can be explained by a progressively stronger Brazil Current resulting from a southward displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Our results are consistent with other studies providing estimates of changes in trade wind strength and in the extent of the climatic belts through time.},
	doi = {10.4072/rbp.2008.3.03},
	author = {Toledo, F. A. L. and Costa, K. B. and Pivel, M. A. G. and Campos, E.}
}
@article {266,
	title = {Abrupt climate change in southeast tropical Africa influenced by Indian monsoon variability and ITCZ migration},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1851; 201ZV Times Cited:4 Cited References Count:31Y},
	abstract = {The timing and magnitude of abrupt climate change in tropical Africa during the last glacial termination remains poorly understood. High-resolution paleolimnological data from Lake Tanganyika, Southeast Africa show that wind-driven seasonal mixing in the lake was reduced during the Younger Dryas, Inter-Allerod Cool Period, Older Dryas, and Heinrich Event 1, suggesting a weakened southwest Indian monsoon and a more southerly position of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone over Africa during these intervals. These events in Lake Tanganyika, coeval with millennial and centennial-scale climate shifts in the high latitudes, suggest that changes in ITCZ location and Indian monsoon strength are important components of abrupt global climate change and that their effects are felt south of the equator in Africa. However, we observe additional events in Lake Tanganyika of equal magnitude that are not correlated with high-latitude changes, indicating the potential for abrupt climate change to originate from within tropical systems.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2007gl029508},
	author = {Tierney, J. E. and Russell, J. M.}
}
@article {1884,
	title = {Archaeological investigations in Jedediah Smith Campground and Hiouchi Flat},
	journal = {Redwood National and State Park},
	volume = {I},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1158},
	month = {2007},
	author = {Tushingham, Shannon}
}
@article {1533,
	title = {Chapter B--Field Trip Day 2: Quaternary Geology of Lake Alamosa and the Costilla Plain, southern Colorado},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 626},
	month = {2007},
	author = {Machette, M. N. and Marchetti, D. W. and Thompson, R. A. and Kirkham, R. M.},
	editor = {Machette, M. N.}
}
@article {403,
	title = {Evaluation of gas chromatographic isotope fractionation and process contamination by carbon in compound-specific radiocarbon analysis},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 615; 140ID Times Cited:11 Cited References Count:32},
	pages = {2042-2049},
	abstract = {The relevance of both modern and fossil carbon contamination as well as isotope fractionation during preparative gas chromatography for compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) was evaluated. Two independent laboratories investigated the influence of modern carbon contamination in the sample cleanup procedure and preparative capillary gas chromatography (pcGC) of a radiocarbon-dead 3,3{\textquoteright},4,4{\textquoteright},5,5{\textquoteright}-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 169) reference. The isolated samples were analyzed for their C-14/C-12 ratio by accelerator mass spectrometry. Sample Delta C-14 values of -996 +/- 20 and -985 +/- 20\% agreed with a Delta C-14 of -995 +/- 20\% for the unprocessed PCB 169, suggesting that no significant contamination by nonfossil carbon was introduced during the sample preparation process at either laboratory. A reference compound containing a modern C-14/C-12 ratio (vanillin) was employed to evaluate process contamination from fossil C. No negative bias due to fossil C was observed (sample Delta C-14 value of 165 +/- 20\% agreed with Delta C-14 of 155 +/- 12\% for the unprocessed vanillin). The extent of isotopic fractionation that can be induced during pcGC was evaluated by partially collecting the vanillin model compound of modern C-14/C-12 abundance. A significant change in the delta C-13 and delta C-14 values was observed when only parts of the eluting peak were collected (delta C-13 values ranged from -15.75 to -49.91\% and delta C-14 values from -82.4 to +4.71\%). Delta C-14 values, which are normalized to a delta C-13 of -25\%, did not deviate significantly (-58.9 to -5.8\%, considering the uncertainty of similar to +/- 20\%). This means that normalization of radiocarbon results to a delta C-13 of -25\%, normally performed to remove effects of environmental isotope fractionation on C-14-based age determinations, also cor-rects sufficiently for putative isotopic fractionation that may occur during pcGC isolation of individual compounds for CSRA.},
	issn = {0003-2700},
	doi = {10.1021/Ac061821a},
	author = {Zencak, Z. and Reddy, C. M. and Teuten, E. L. and Xu, L. and McNichol, A. P. and Gustafsson, O.}
}
@article {1908,
	title = {Late Holocene barrier island collapse; Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA},
	journal = {The Sedimentary Record},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1887; ISSN: 1543-8740 Language: English References: 16; illus. incl. strat. col., geol. sketch map United States (USA) Latitude:N350000,N353000 Longitude:W0753000,W0760000},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {4-8},
	abstract = {We document here the threat of large scale destruction (collapse) of barrier islands based on the study of many cores taken along the Outer Banks and in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina.Around 1,100 cal yr BP, probably as the result of hurricane activity, portions of the southern Outer Banks must have collapsed to allow normal salinity waters to bathe southern Pamlico Sound for several hundred years. Such collapse could occur again during our current regime of global warming, rising sea level and increased tropical cyclone activity. The economic effect of barrier island break collapse on Outer Banks communities would be devastating.},
	keywords = {24, Quaternary geology, algae, assemblages, barrier islands, Cenozoic, changes, clastic sediments, cores, diatoms, erosion, Foraminifera, geologic hazards, Holocene, hurricanes, Invertebrata, landform evolution, lithofacies, littoral, microfossils, North Carolina, Outer Banks, Pamlico Sound, Plantae, preservation, Protista, Quaternary, salinity, sand, sea-level, sediments, United States, upper Holocene, Vibroseis},
	author = {Culver, Stephen J. and Grand Pre, Candace A. and Mallinson, David J. and Riggs, Stanley R. and Corbett, D. Reide and Foley, Jennifer and Hale, Michael and Metger, Lauren and Ricardo, John and Rosenberger, Jeb and Smith, Christopher G. and Smith, Curtis W. and Snyder, Scott W. and Twamley, David and Farrell, Kathleen and Horton, Benjamin}
}
@article {1538,
	title = {Naze Site (32SN246) 1994 Archeological Excavations Stutsman County, North Dakota. James River Report Number 4},
	volume = {University of North Dakota Anthropology Research Contribution No.410},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 296},
	month = {2007},
	institution = {University of North Dakota},
	address = {Grand Rapids, ND},
	author = {Toom, Dennis L.}
}
@article {505,
	title = {Organic matter origin and distribution in suspended particulate materials and surficial sediments from the western Adriatic Sea (Italy)},
	journal = {Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1869; 179HX Times Cited:12 Cited References Count:61Y},
	pages = {431-446},
	abstract = {In this study, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), stable carbon isotopic (delta C-13(OC)) and CuO reaction product compositions were used to identify the sources of organic matter (OM) and to quantify the relative importance of allochthonous and autochthonous contributions to the western Adriatic Sea, Italy. Suspended particulate material (195 samples) and surficial sediments (0- 1 cm, 70 samples) from shallow cross-shelf transects were collected in February and May 2003, respectively. Vertical water column profiles were acquired along the same transects. Data include depth, potential temperature, salinity, density and chlorophyll fluorimetry. Along the western Adriatic shelf in the near-shore region, the phytoplankton growth was influenced by dynamics of the buoyant plumes from the Po and Appennine rivers. A small amount of very fine terrigenous material remained suspended within the coastal current and was exported southward along the shelf to the slope. High variability in the bulk composition was detected in the Po prodelta surficial sediments, whereas the western Adriatic shelf, although a larger area, exhibited a narrower range of values. A significant decoupling was observed between suspended particles in the water column and surficial deposits. The organic material collected in the water column was compositionally heterogeneous, with contributions from marine phytoplankton, riverine-estuarine phytoplankton and soil-derived OM. Frequent physical reworking of surficial sediments likely leads to the efficient oxidation of marine OC, resulting in the observed accumulation and preservation of refractory soil-derived OC delivered by the Po and Appennine rivers. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0272-7714},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2007.02.008},
	author = {Tesi, T. and Miserocchi, S. and Go{\~n}i, M. A. and Langone, L. and Boldrin, A. and Turchetto, M.}
}
@article {372,
	title = {Placing late Neanderthals in a climatic context RID A-5197-2008},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {449},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1991; PT: J; UT: WOS:000249394500047},
	pages = {206-208},
	abstract = {Attempts to place Palaeolithic finds within a precise climatic framework are complicated by both uncertainty over the radiocarbon calibration beyond about 21,500 (14)C years BP(1) and the absence of a master calendar chronology for climate events from reference archives such as Greenland ice cores or speleothems(2). Here we present an alternative approach, in which (14)C dates of interest are mapped directly onto the palaeoclimate record of the Cariaco Basin by means of its (14)C series(3), circumventing calendar age model and correlation uncertainties, and placing dated events in the millennial-scale climate context of the last glacial period. This is applied to different sets of dates from levels with Mousterian artefacts, presumably produced by late Neanderthals, from Gorham{\textquoteright}s Cave in Gibraltar: first, generally accepted estimates of about 32,000 (14)C years BP for the upper-most Mousterian levels(4,5); second, a possible extended Middle Palaeolithic occupation until about 28,000 (14)C years BP(6); and third, more contentious evidence for persistence until about 24,000 (14)C years BP(6). This study shows that the three sets translate to different scenarios on the role of climate in Neanderthal extinction. The first two correspond to intervals of general climatic instability between stadials and interstadials that characterized most of the Middle Pleniglacial and are not coeval with Heinrich Events. In contrast, if accepted, the youngest date indicates that late Neanderthals may have persisted up to the onset of a major environmental shift, which included an expansion in global ice volume and an increased latitudinal temperature gradient. More generally, our radiocarbon climatostratigraphic approach can be applied to any {\textquoteright}snapshot{\textquoteright} date from discontinuous records in a variety of deposits and can become a powerful tool in evaluating the climatic signature of critical intervals in Late Pleistocene human evolution.},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature06117},
	author = {Tzedakis, P. C. and Hughen, K. A. and Cacho, I. and Harvati, K.}
}
@article {1886,
	title = {Planktonic foraminifera, calcareous nannoplankton and ascidian variations during the last 25 kyr in the Southwestern Atlantic: A paleoproductivity signature?},
	journal = {Marine Micropaleontology},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1061},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {67-79},
	author = {Toledo, Filipe A. L. and Chachao, Mario and Costa, Karen B. and Pivel, Maria A. G.}
}
@article {1360,
	title = {Preliminary geologic map of the north-central part of the Alamosa 1/2 degree x 1 degree quadrangle, Alamosa and Conejos Counties, Colorado},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 629; 1 sheet, 1:50,000 scale},
	month = {2007},
	publisher = {U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report},
	author = {Machette, M. N. and Thompson, R. A.}
}
@article {421,
	title = {Quaternary glaciation and hydrologic variation in the South American tropics as reconstructed from the Lake Titicaca drilling project},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {68},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 841; 227AJ Times Cited:9 Cited References Count:63Y},
	pages = {410-420},
	abstract = {A 136-m-long drill core of sediments was recovered from tropical high-attitude Lake Titicaca, Bolivia-Peru, enabling a reconstruction of past climate that spans four cycles of regional glacial advance and retreat and that is estimated to extend continuously over the last 370,000 yr. Within the errors of the age model, the periods of regional glacial advance and retreat are concordant respectively with global glacial and interglacial stages. Periods of ice advance in the southern tropical Andes generally were periods of positive water balance, as evidenced by deeper and fresher conditions in Lake Titicaca. Conversely, reduced glaciation occurred during periods of negative water balance and shallow closed-basin conditions in the lake. The apparent coincidence of positive water balance of Lake Titicaca and glacial growth in the adjacent Andes with Northern Hemisphere ice sheet expansion implies that regional water balance and glacial mass balance are strongly influenced by global-scale temperature changes, as well as by precessional forcing of the South American summer monsoon. (c) 2007 University of Washington. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Yqres.2007.07.008},
	author = {Fritz, S. C. and Baker, P. A. and Seltzer, G. O. and Ballantyne, A. and Tapia, P. and Cheng, H. and Edwards, R. L.}
}
@article {1885,
	title = {Radiocarbon and stable isotope geochemistry of organic matter in the Amazon headwaters, Peruvian Andes},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2007},
	note = {185aaTimes Cited:12
Cited References Count:37
},
	month = {Jun 27},
	abstract = {[1] We used delta C-13, delta N-15, and Delta C-14 to determine the sources of riverine organic matter in the Pozuzo River, a tributary of the Pachitea River located in the mountainous headwaters of the Amazon. Particulate organic matter (POM) Delta C-14 decreased downstream, suggesting that young organic matter (OM) introduced in small headwaters is respired preferentially in rivers or is diluted downstream with older material. The delta C-13 and delta N-15 of POM in headwater rivers were heterogeneous and also isotopically distinct from the main stem, suggesting that differences in landscape processes in small catchments impact the concentration and composition of POM in streams. The delta C-13 of dissolved organic matter (DOM) closely mirrored that of POM in the headwaters, with an apparent decoupling of dissolved and particulate OM in the river main stem. The delta C-13 of POM sampled in 2004 had a much different relationship with altitude than observed during previous years: In 2004, a very dry year, we observed enrichment from the headwaters to the main stem, and the opposite pattern in 2002, when rain fell heavily throughout the sampling campaign. This suggests that during dry conditions, in-stream processes ( such as resuspension or photosynthesis) may control riverine POM composition as opposed to terrestrial processes, which dominate during high runoff. Thus a decrease in runoff in Andean headwaters could result in less terrestrial POM transfer to rivers in the Andes foothills and lowland Amazon with a corresponding decrease in aquatic CO2 evasion.},
	keywords = {amino-acids, atlantic-ocean, carbon, drainage-basin, land-use, nitrogen, particulate, river system, sediments, streams},
	isbn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2006GB002835},
	author = {Townsend-Small, A. and Noguera, J. L. and McClain, M. E. and Brandes, J. A.}
}
@article {264,
	title = {Rapid sea level rise and ice sheet response to 8,200-year climate event},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 810; 225MA Times Cited:4 Cited References Count:32Y},
	abstract = {The largest abrupt climatic reversal of the Holocene interglacial, the cooling event 8.6 - 8.2 thousand years ago (ka), was probably caused by catastrophic release of glacial Lake Agassiz-Ojibway, which slowed Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and cooled global climate. Geophysical surveys and sediment cores from Chesapeake Bay reveal the pattern of sea level rise during this event. Sea level rose similar to 14 m between 9.5 to 7.5 ka, a pattern consistent with coral records and the ICE- 5G glacio-isostatic adjustment model. There were two distinct periods at similar to 8.9 - 8.8 and similar to 8.2 - 7.6 ka when Chesapeake marshes were drown as sea level rose rapidly at least similar to 12 mm yr(-1). The latter event occurred after the 8.6 - 8.2 ka cooling event, coincided with extreme warming and vigorous AMOC centered on 7.9 ka, and may have been due to Antarctic Ice Sheet decay.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2007gl031318},
	author = {Cronin, T. M. and Vogt, P. R. and Willard, D. A. and Thunell, R. and Halka, J. and Berke, M. and Pohlman, J.}
}
@article {1491,
	title = {Report of archaeological field research in 2006, including geological descriptions of archaeological locales},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 833Unpublished project report
},
	month = {2007},
	author = {Fitzhugh, B. and Etnier, M. and MacInnes, B. and Phillips, S. C. and Taylor, J. W.}
}
@article {581,
	title = {Salinity changes in the western tropical South Atlantic during the last 30 kyr},
	journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2007},
	note = {181bjTimes Cited:28Cited References Count:59},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {383-395},
	abstract = {The hydrographic changes in the western tropical South Atlantic during the last 30 kyr were reconstructed based in the faunal and isotopic analyses of planktonic foraminifera of three cores taken along the Brazilian Continental Margin between 14 degrees S and 25 degrees S. The application of the SIMMAX-MAT method on faunal counts data provided the sea surface temperature estimates. Sea surface salinity estimates were based on the oxygen isotope composition of Globigerinoides ruber (white). Additionally, the abundance record of the planktonic foraminifera Globorotalia truncatulinoides (right) was used as a proxy for vertical mixing of surface waters. Sea surface temperature estimates suggest a relative stability of the area during the last 30 kyr. However, significant changes in the isotopic composition of G. ruber (white) suggest that the isotopic signal is dominated by the influence of sea surface salinity changes. The observed salinity changes are related to both the local hydrological balance and global circulation. Orbital forcing and sea surface salinity changes were responsible for considerable changes in the stability of the upper water column and consequently in the depth of the mixed layer, as indicated by the abundance record of G. truncatulinoides (right). (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0921-8181},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.01.001},
	author = {Toledo, F. A. L. and Costa, K. B. and Pivel, M. A. G.}
}
@article {483,
	title = {Source, transport and fate of terrestrial organic carbon on the western Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of Lions, France},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 825; 176SJ Times Cited:15 Cited References Count:70Y},
	pages = {101-117},
	abstract = {As part of the EuroSTRATAFORM project, a multi-proxy study was conducted in order to investigate origin, transport and deposition of riverine organic matter in the Gulf of Lions. Surface sediments (0-1 cm) from the Rhone prodelta area and along the sediment dispersal system were collected in September 2004 and in April 2005. Lignin, elemental and stable carbon isotopic analyses were carried out to characterize the source of sedimentary organic material and to facilitate evaluation of temporal and spatial variability. Large contrasts in the organic matter composition of prodelta sediments were observed as a result of the preferential transport of the finest material. In our hypothesis, woody debris, rich in organic matter, hydraulically behaves like very fine sand and is retained within the prodelta area. In contrast, the organic matter adsorbed onto finer particles is selectively transported away from the prodelta along the sediment dispersal system, explaining the distinct organic matter composition observed in the offshore regions. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0304-4203},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marchem.2007.01.005},
	author = {Tesi, T. and Miserocchi, S. and Go{\~n}i, M. A. and Langone, L.}
}
@article {709,
	title = {Abrupt tropical climate change: past and present},
	journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
	volume = {103},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Thompson, Lonnie GMosley-Thompson, EllenBrecher, HenryDavis, MaryLeon, BlancaLes, DonLin, Ping-NanMashiotta, TracyMountain, KeithengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.2006/07/04 09:00Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jul 11;103(28):10536-43. Epub 2006 Jun 30.},
	month = {Jul 11},
	pages = {10536-43},
	abstract = {Three lines of evidence for abrupt tropical climate change, both past and present, are presented. First, annually and decadally averaged delta(18)O and net mass-balance histories for the last 400 and 2,000 yr, respectively, demonstrate that the current warming at high elevations in the mid- to low latitudes is unprecedented for at least the last 2 millennia. Second, the continuing retreat of most mid- to low-latitude glaciers, many having persisted for thousands of years, signals a recent and abrupt change in the Earth{\textquoteright}s climate system. Finally, rooted, soft-bodied wetland plants, now exposed along the margins as the Quelccaya ice cap (Peru) retreats, have been radiocarbon dated and, when coupled with other widespread proxy evidence, provide strong evidence for an abrupt mid-Holocene climate event that marked the transition from early Holocene (pre-5,000-yr-B.P.) conditions to cooler, late Holocene (post-5,000-yr-B.P.) conditions. This abrupt event, approximately 5,200 yr ago, was widespread and spatially coherent through much of the tropics and was coincident with structural changes in several civilizations. These three lines of evidence argue that the present warming and associated glacier retreat are unprecedented in some areas for at least 5,200 yr. The ongoing global-scale, rapid retreat of mountain glaciers is not only contributing to global sea-level rise but also threatening freshwater supplies in many of the world{\textquoteright}s most populous regions.},
	issn = {0027-8424 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0603900103},
	author = {Thompson, L. G. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Brecher, H. and Davis, M. and Leon, B. and Les, D. and Lin, P. N. and Mashiotta, T. and Mountain, K.}
}
@article {1530,
	title = {Determination of carbon dioxide, hydrographic and chemical parameters during the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise in the southern Indian Ocean (WOCE section S041)},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1053},
	month = {2006},
	author = {Takahashi, R. and Millero, F. J. and Key, R. M. and Chipman, D. and Peltola, E. and Rubin, S. and Sweeney, C. and Sutherland, S.}
}
@conference {1618,
	title = {The early history of Long Island Sound},
	booktitle = {The last deglaciation},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1185},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia Univ., NY},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C. and Thomas, E.}
}
@conference {1628,
	title = {Environmental impact on LIS from the early colonial society},
	booktitle = {Long Island Sound Research Conference},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 750},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Groton, CT},
	author = {Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C.}
}
@conference {1636,
	title = {The formation history of Long Island Sound},
	booktitle = {Long Island Sound Research Conference},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1187},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Groton, CT},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C. and Thomas, E. and Lewis, R. and Altabet, M.}
}
@article {358,
	title = {Holocene elephant seal distribution implies warmer-than-present climate in the Ross Sea},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {103},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1918; PT: J; NR: 25; TC: 14; J9: P NATL ACAD SCI USA; PG: 5; GA: 064DM; UT: WOS:000239069400013},
	pages = {10213-10217},
	abstract = {We show that southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) colonies existed proximate to the Ross Ice Shelf during the Holocene, well south of their core sub-Antarctic breeding and molting grounds. We propose that this was due to warming (including a previously unrecognized period from approximate to 1,100 to 2,300 C-14 yr B.P.) that decreased coastal sea ice and allowed penetration of warmer-than-present climate conditions into the Ross Embayment. If, as proposed in the literature, the ice shelf survived this period, it would have been exposed to environments substantially warmer than present.},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0604002103},
	author = {Hall, B. L. and Hoelzel, A. R. and Baroni, C. and Denton, G. H. and Le Boeuf, B. J. and Overturf, B. and Topf, A. L.}
}
@conference {1665,
	title = {Late Holocene climate variability of South America reconstructed by a multi-proxy analysis of Chilean fjord sediments},
	booktitle = {Abstracts, EGU General Assembly},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 560},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Vienna, Austria},
	author = {Bertrand, S. and Hughen, K. A. and Giosan, L. and Tierney, J. and Sepfulveda, J. and Pantoja, S.}
}
@conference {1671,
	title = {The late Pleistocene-Holocene history of Long Island Sound},
	booktitle = {LISRC proceedings},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1175},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {27-32},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C. and Thomas, E. and Groner, M.}
}
@conference {1677,
	title = {Long Island Sound - a human dominated estuary},
	booktitle = {AGU spring meeting, 2006},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1186},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Baltimore, MD},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C. and Thomas, E.}
}
@article {1944,
	title = {Marine-derived 14C calibration and activity record for the past 50,000 years updated from the Cariaco Basin},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 553},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {3216-3227},
	author = {Hughen, K. A. and Southon, J. A. and Lehman, S. J. and Bertrand, C. J. H. and Turnbull, J.}
}
@conference {1685,
	title = {Mechanism of 15N enrichment in eutrophication-impacted estuaries},
	booktitle = {ASLO Ocean Sciences meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 745},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Honolulu, HI},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C. and Altabet, M. A. and Thomas, C. R.}
}
@article {1916,
	title = {Natural 14C in Saccoglossus Bromophenolosus compared to its surrounding sediments},
	journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series},
	volume = {324},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 613},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {167-172},
	author = {Teuten, E. L. and King, G. M. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {1947,
	title = {Origin of PCDD in ball clay assessed with compound-specifric chlorine isotope analysis and radiocarbon dating},
	journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1040},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {3730-3755},
	author = {Holmstrand, H. D. and Gadomski, D. and Mandalakis, M. and Tysklind, M. and Irvine, R. and Andersson, P. and Gustafsson, O.}
}
@conference {1786,
	title = {Shell fragmentation as an indicator of benthic conditions},
	booktitle = {GSA Annual Meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 749},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Philadelphia, PA},
	author = {Best, Mairi M. R. and Bibeau, Karine and Spitzberg, Daniel and Thomas, Ellen and Varekamp, Johan C. and Bernatis, Jennifer}
}
@article {1952,
	title = {Spacial and temporal variation in cores from Lake Titicaca, Bolivia/Peru during the last 13,000 yrs},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {158},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 588},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {23-29},
	author = {Fritz, S. C. and Baker, P. A. and Tapia, P. and Garland, J.}
}
@conference {1814,
	title = {Two ecological shifts in Long Island Sound during the industrial period},
	booktitle = {Long Island Sound Research Center},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 751},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Groton, CT},
	author = {Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C. and Mecray, E. L. and Buchholtzten-Brink, M. R. L. and Cooper, S. and Brinkhuis, H. and Sangioirgio, F.}
}
@conference {1816,
	title = {An updated 14C calibration and activity record for the past 50,000 years from marine Cariaco Basin, Abstract},
	booktitle = {19th International Radiocarbon Conference},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 559},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Oxford, UK},
	author = {Hughen, K. A. and Southon, J. A. and Lehman, S. J. and Bertrand, C. J. H. and Turnbull, J.}
}
@conference {1557,
	title = {The American Mediterranean: the influence of human populations on the ecosystem of Long Island Sound},
	booktitle = {Living on the Edge},
	volume = {Abstract},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1184},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {10-11},
	author = {Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C. and Thaler, B. and Sangiorgio, F.}
}
@article {2004,
	title = {Catastrophic meltwater discharge down the Hudson River Valley: A potential trigger for the Intra-Allerod cold period},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1033},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {89-92},
	author = {Donnelly, J. P. and Driscoll, N. and Uchupi, E. and Keigwin, L. and Schwab, W. and Thieler, E. R. and Swift, S.}
}
@conference {1617,
	title = {The early geological history of Long Island Sound},
	booktitle = {AGU Fall meeting},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 744},
	month = {2005},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C. and Thomas, E.}
}
@conference {1626,
	title = {The environmental history of Long Island Sound with evidence for human impacts},
	booktitle = {Living on the Edge Symposium},
	volume = {Abstract},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 743},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {12-13},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C. and Thomas, E.}
}
@article {695,
	title = {A hydrogen-rich early Earth atmosphere},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {308},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Tian, FengToon, Owen BPavlov, Alexander ADe Sterck, HengResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.2005/04/09 09:00Science. 2005 May 13;308(5724):1014-7. Epub 2005 Apr 7.},
	month = {May 13},
	pages = {1014-7},
	abstract = {We show that the escape of hydrogen from early Earth{\textquoteright}s atmosphere likely occurred at rates slower by two orders of magnitude than previously thought. The balance between slow hydrogen escape and volcanic outgassing could have maintained a hydrogen mixing ratio of more than 30\%. The production of prebiotic organic compounds in such an atmosphere would have been more efficient than either exogenous delivery or synthesis in hydrothermal systems. The organic soup in the oceans and ponds on early Earth would have been a more favorable place for the origin of life than previously thought.},
	issn = {0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1106983},
	author = {Tian, F. and Toon, O. B. and Pavlov, A. A. and De Sterck, H.}
}
@article {1985,
	title = {Late neogene and quaternary evolution of the northern Albermarle Embayment (mid-Atlantic continental margin, USA)},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {217},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1160},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {97-117},
	author = {Mallinson, D. and Riggs, S. and Culver, S. and Thieler, R. and Foster, D. R. and Corbett, D. R. and Farrell, K. and J, Wehmiller}
}
@conference {1789,
	title = {Source, timing and depositional environments of Paleochannel incision and infill on the New Jersey Shelf},
	booktitle = {2005 National GSA Meeting},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 638},
	month = {2005},
	address = {Salat Lake City, UT},
	author = {Alexander, C. and Christensen, B. and Turner, J. and Goff, J. and Austin J.A, Jr. and Venherm, C. and Nordfjord, S. and Sommerfield, C. and Gulick, S. and Fulthorpe, C.}
}
@article {683,
	title = {Subducting oceanic crust: The source of deep diamonds},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2005},
	note = {938hnTimes Cited:65Cited References Count:26},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {565-568},
	abstract = {Inclusions of majoritic garnet in diamonds from the Jagersfontein kimberlite formed at unusually great depths of similar to 250 to > 500 km in the asthenosphere and transition zone. The original host rocks were derived from a much shallower, basaltic (eclogitic) source. The presence of negative Eu anomalies in all majoritic garnets requires a crustal origin, thereby linking these very deep diamond sources to subducting oceanic crust. The carbon isotope values (delta(13)C) of the host diamonds fall within a narrow range at similar to -20\%, which is fundamentally different from the broad range (-24\% to -2\%) and bimodal distribution of carbon isotopes of Jagersfontein diamonds that formed in the shallower lithosphere. This indicates that majoritic garnet-bearing diamonds at Jagersfontein inherited their light carbon isotopic composition directly from organic matter contained in a subducting slab. These diamonds were likely formed by direct conversion from graphite, well within the diamond stability field.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G21637.1},
	author = {Tappert, R. and Stachel, T. and Harris, J. W. and Muehlenbachs, K. and Ludwig, T. and Brey, G. P.}
}
@article {696,
	title = {Two abundant bioaccumulated halogenated compounds are natural products},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {307},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Teuten, Emma LXu, LiReddy, Christopher MengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.2005/02/12 09:00Science. 2005 Feb 11;307(5711):917-20.},
	month = {Feb 11},
	pages = {917-20},
	abstract = {Methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) have been found bioaccumulated in the tissues of a variety of aquatic animals and at concentrations comparable to those of anthropogenic halogenated organic compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The origin of the MeO-PBDEs has been uncertain; circumstantial evidence supports a natural and/or an industrial source. By analyzing the natural abundance radiocarbon content of two MeO-PBDEs isolated from a True{\textquoteright}s beaked whale (Mesoplodon mirus), we show that these compounds were naturally produced.},
	issn = {0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1106882},
	author = {Teuten, E. L. and Xu, L. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {699,
	title = {14C activity and global carbon cycle changes over the past 50,000 years},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {303},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Hughen, KLehman, SSouthon, JOverpeck, JMarchal, OHerring, CTurnbull, Jeng2004/01/13 05:00Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):202-7.},
	month = {Jan 09},
	pages = {202-7},
	abstract = {A series of 14C measurements in Ocean Drilling Program cores from the tropical Cariaco Basin, which have been correlated to the annual-layer counted chronology for the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice core, provides a high-resolution calibration of the radiocarbon time scale back to 50,000 years before the present. Independent radiometric dating of events correlated to GISP2 suggests that the calibration is accurate. Reconstructed 14C activities varied substantially during the last glacial period, including sharp peaks synchronous with the Laschamp and Mono Lake geomagnetic field intensity minimal and cosmogenic nuclide peaks in ice cores and marine sediments. Simulations with a geochemical box model suggest that much of the variability can be explained by geomagnetically modulated changes in 14C production rate together with plausible changes in deep-ocean ventilation and the global carbon cycle during glaciation.},
	issn = {0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1090300},
	author = {Hughen, K. and Lehman, S. and Southon, J. and Overpeck, J. and Marchal, O. and Herring, C. and Turnbull, J.}
}
@article {2019,
	title = {14C Measurements},
	journal = {Aerosol Science \& Technol},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 972},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {133-139},
	author = {Tanner, R. L. and Parkhurst, W. J. and McNichol, A. P.}
}
@article {2016,
	title = {50,000-Year-Old Plant May Warn of Death of Tropical Ice Caps},
	journal = {Newswise},
	volume = {13 Dec. 2004},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1224},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {2},
	author = {Thompson, Lonnie}
}
@article {909,
	title = {AMS 14C measurement and preparative techniques at NIES-TERRA},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B},
	volume = {223-224},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1492},
	pages = {116-123},
	abstract = {The AMS facility at the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) has now been operating for five years since 1997. This AMS-dedicated facility named NIES-TERRA (Tandem accelerator for Environmental Research and Radiocarbon Analysis) consists of a 5MV tandem Pelletron (15SDH-2), a solid ion source with sequential injection system, a gas ion source with a simultaneous injection system, and a gas ionization detector. Typical precision with 14C measurements is around 0.5\% and the background level has been achieved at around 50 kBP. Our main target is radiocarbon in environmental sciences, while other cosmogenic isotopes (10Be and 26Al) have been measured. Recently we have improved our preparation laboratory to increase sample throughput. CO2 production and purification using a commercial elemental analyzer connected to cryogenic traps (EA{\textendash}CT) were investigated. We used a modified elemental analyzer with a chemical trap for separation and this is expected to reduce memory effect and background in comparison with an analyzer using gas-chromatography. This newly designed EA{\textendash}CT system showed high precision and accuracy. Source of background contamination was also discussed based on the analysis of various amounts of standard materials.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2004.04.026},
	author = {Yoneda, Minoru and Shibata, Yasuyuki and Tanaka, Atsushi and Uehiro, Takashi and Morita, Masatoshi and Uchida, Masao and Kobayashi, Toshiyuki and Kobayashi, Chiaki and Suzuki, Ryo and Miyamoto, Keisuke and Hancock, Boze and Dibden, Chris and Edmonds, John S.}
}
@conference {1565,
	title = {Anthropogenic eutrophication of Long Island Sound: effects on diatom communities through time},
	booktitle = {7th Biennial Long Island Sound reserach conference proceedings},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1181},
	month = {2004},
	author = {Cooper, S. R. and Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C. and Sangiorgio, F.}
}
@conference {1566,
	title = {Anthropogenic influences on benthis foraminiferal faunas in Long Island Sound},
	booktitle = {7th Biennial Long Island Sound reserach conference, Program and Abstracts},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1183},
	month = {2004},
	author = {Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C. and Thaler, B. and Acosta, Z.}
}
@article {2018,
	title = {Benthic foraminifera in the changing ecosystem of Long Island Sound, abstract},
	journal = {EOS Trans. AGU},
	volume = {85},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1182},
	month = {2004},
	author = {Thaler, B. and Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C.}
}
@article {626,
	title = {Decline of surface temperature and salinity in the western tropical Pacific Ocean in the Holocene epoch},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {431},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Stott, LowellCannariato, KevinThunell, RobertHaug, Gerald HKoutavas, AthanasiosLund, SteveengResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.England2004/09/03 05:00Nature. 2004 Sep 2;431(7004):56-9.},
	month = {Sep 02},
	pages = {56-9},
	abstract = {In the present-day climate, surface water salinities are low in the western tropical Pacific Ocean and increase towards the eastern part of the basin. The salinity of surface waters in the tropical Pacific Ocean is thought to be controlled by a combination of atmospheric convection, precipitation, evaporation and ocean dynamics, and on interannual timescales significant variability is associated with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation cycles. However, little is known about the variability of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system on timescales of centuries to millennia. Here we combine oxygen isotope and Mg/Ca data from foraminifers retrieved from three sediment cores in the western tropical Pacific Ocean to reconstruct Holocene sea surface temperatures and salinities in the region. We find a decrease in sea surface temperatures of approximately 0.5 degrees C over the past 10,000 yr, whereas sea surface salinities decreased by approximately 1.5 practical salinity units. Our data imply either that the Pacific basin as a whole has become progressively less salty or that the present salinity gradient along the Equator has developed relatively recently.},
	issn = {0028-0836 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1038/nature02903},
	author = {Stott, L. and Cannariato, K. and Thunell, R. and Haug, G. H. and Koutavas, A. and Lund, S.}
}
@conference {1619,
	title = {The early history of Long Island Sound},
	booktitle = {7th Biennial Long Island Sound research conference, Program/Abstracts},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 741},
	month = {2004},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C. and Thomas, E. and Groner, M.}
}
@article {2012,
	title = {The eutrophication of Long Island Sound, abstract},
	journal = {EOS Trans. AGU},
	volume = {85},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 740},
	month = {2004},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C. and Lugolobi, F. and Thomas, E. and Mecray, E. and Buchholtz ten Brink, M. R.}
}
@article {2017,
	title = {Eutrophication of western Long Island Sound},
	journal = {GSA Annual Meeting},
	volume = {Abstracts 36},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 739},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {212-217},
	author = {Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C. and Acosta, Z. and Thaler, B. and Cooper, S. and Sangiorgio, F.}
}
@article {2039,
	title = {Evaluation of ocean carbon cycle models with data-based metrics},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2004},
	note = {811adTimes Cited:110
Cited References Count:17
},
	month = {Apr 2},
	abstract = {New radiocarbon and chlorofluorocarbon-11 data from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment are used to assess a suite of 19 ocean carbon cycle models. We use the distributions and inventories of these tracers as quantitative metrics of model skill and find that only about a quarter of the suite is consistent with the new data-based metrics. This should serve as a warning bell to the larger community that not all is well with current generation of ocean carbon cycle models. At the same time, this highlights the danger in simply using the available models to represent the state-of-the-art modeling without considering the credibility of each model.},
	keywords = {anthropogenic co2, pacific-ocean, radiocarbon},
	isbn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2003GL018970},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000220743900001},
	author = {Matsumoto, K. and Sarmiento, J. L. and Key, R. M. and Aumont, O. and Bullister, J. L. and Caldeira, K. and Campin, J. M. and Doney, S. C. and Drange, H. and Dutay, J. C. and Follows, M. and Gao, Y. and Gnanadesikan, A. and Gruber, N. and Ishida, A. and Joos, F. and Lindsay, K. and Maier-Reimer, E. and Marshall, J. C. and Matear, R. J. and Monfray, P. and Mouchet, A. and Najjar, R. and Plattner, G. K. and Schlitzer, R. and Slater, R. and Swathi, P. S. and Totterdell, I. J. and Weirig, M. F. and Yamanaka, Y. and Yool, A. and Orr, J. C.}
}
@article {299,
	title = {Holocene evolution of the east Texas coast and inner continental shelf: Along-strike variability in coastal retreat rates},
	journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Research},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 2042; PT: J; UT: WOS:000221339900007},
	pages = {405-421},
	abstract = {The low gradient east Texas coast and inner-continental shelf, from Sabine Lake at the Texas-Louisiana border to the western end of Galveston Island, experienced extreme along-strike variations in rates of Holocene coastal retreat. Around 7.7 ka a barrier shoreline was located approximately 55 klm offshore. Toward the western end of Galveston Island, the shoreline retreated 55 km, occupying a position on the lagoon side of the Island by about 5.3 ka. Toward the Texas-Louisiana border, the shoreline retreated more gradually, occupying a position seaward of Sabine Bank by 5.3 ka. Between 4.7 ka and 2.8 ka the shoreline at Sabine Bank retreated -30 km, while Galveston Island prograded seaward. Bolivar Peninsula began to accrete around 1.5 ka. Heald and Sabine banks, located on the inner continental shelf above terraced fluvial deposits of the Trinity-Sabine incised valley, are the only preserved remnants of these former shoreline positions. Fluctuating rates of sea-level rise were not the forcing mechanism behind episodes of rapid shoreline retreat because these events were localized. Rather, along-strike variations in the rate of transgression were caused by the variable inner-shelf gradients, which increase towards the west, and the orientation of the Sabine incised valley and associated terraced fluvial deposits, which trend northeast-southwest (parallel to shore). As shorelines retreated over fluvial deposits, these served as local sand sources that enabled barrier islands to persist offshore, out of equilibrium with sea level. Once these sand sources became depleted, and/or sea level reached some critical threshold, barrier shorelines became stranded offshore as banks, and new shorelines formed landward. The geologic setting of coastal areas, specifically antecedent topography, plays a primary role in controlling coastal evolution. To accurately forecast long-term (centennial to millennial) coastal evolution, it is essential that impacts associated with variations in the underlying geology of coastal areas be incorporated into coastal forecasting models.},
	issn = {1527-1404},
	doi = {10.1306/092403740405},
	author = {Rodriguez, A. B. and Anderson, J. B. and Siringan, F. P. and Taviani, M.}
}
@article {655,
	title = {Hydrologic variation during the last 170,000 years in the southern hemisphere tropics of South America},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2004},
	note = {776jhTimes Cited:98Cited References Count:43},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {95-104},
	abstract = {Despite the hypothesized importance of the tropics in the global climate system, few tropical paleoclimatic records extend to periods earlier than the last glacial maximum (LGM), about 20,000 years before present. We present a well-dated 170,000-year time series of hydrologic variation from the southern hemisphere tropics of South America that extends from modem times through most of the penultimate glacial period. Alternating mud and salt units in a core from Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia reflect alternations between wet and dry periods. The most striking feature of the sequence is that the duration of paleolakes increased in the late Quaternary. This change may reflect increased precipitation, geomorphic or tectonic processes that affected basin hydrology, or some combination of both. The dominance of salt between 170,000 and 140,000 yr ago indicates that much of the penultimate glacial period was dry, in contrast to wet conditions in the LGM. Our analyses also suggest that the relative influence of insolation forcing on regional moisture budgets may have been stronger during the past 50,000 years than in earlier times. (C) 2003 University of Washington. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2003.08.007},
	author = {Fritz, S. C. and Baker, P. A. and Lowenstein, T. K. and Seltzer, G. O. and Rigsby, C. A. and Dwyer, G. S. and Tapia, P. M. and Arnold, K. K. and Ku, T. L. and Luo, S. D.}
}
@conference {1678,
	title = {Long Island Sound: diatoms from sediment cores as part of environmental and ecological change studies, abstracts},
	booktitle = {Mid-Atlantic ecology conference: sustainable landscapes},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 735},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {6},
	address = {Franklin \& Marshall College, Lancaster, PA},
	author = {Cooper, S. R. and Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C.}
}
@conference {1730,
	title = {The paleo-environmental history of Long Island Sound as traced by organic carbon, biogenic silica and stable isotope/trace element studies in sediment cores},
	booktitle = {6th Biennual LIS Res. Conf. Proc.},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1174},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {109-113},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C. and Thomas, E. and Lugolobi, F. and Buchholtz ten Brink, M. R.}
}
@article {627,
	title = {Photosynthetic microbial mats in the 3,416-Myr-old ocean},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {431},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Tice, Michael MLowe, Donald RengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.England2004/10/01 05:00Nature. 2004 Sep 30;431(7008):549-52.},
	month = {Sep 30},
	pages = {549-52},
	abstract = {Recent re-evaluations of the geological record of the earliest life on Earth have led to the suggestion that some of the oldest putative microfossils and carbonaceous matter were formed through abiotic hydrothermal processes. Similarly, many early Archaean (more than 3,400-Myr-old) cherts have been reinterpreted as hydrothermal deposits rather than products of normal marine sedimentary processes. Here we present the results of a field, petrographic and geochemical study testing these hypotheses for the 3,416-Myr-old Buck Reef Chert, South Africa. From sedimentary structures and distributions of sand and mud, we infer that deposition occurred in normal open shallow to deep marine environments. The siderite enrichment that we observe in deep-water sediments is consistent with a stratified early ocean. We show that most carbonaceous matter was formed by photosynthetic mats within the euphotic zone and distributed as detrital matter by waves and currents to surrounding environments. We find no evidence that hydrothermal processes had any direct role in the deposition of either the carbonaceous matter or the enclosing sediments. Instead, we conclude that photosynthetic organisms had evolved and were living in a stratified ocean supersaturated in dissolved silica 3,416 Myr ago.},
	issn = {0028-0836 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1038/nature02888},
	author = {Tice, M. M. and Lowe, D. R.}
}
@article {2027,
	title = {Radiocarbon evidence for a naturally-produced, bioaccumulation halogenated organic compound},
	journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1806},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {1992-1997},
	author = {Reddy, C. M. and Xu, L. and O{\textquoteright}Neil, G. W. and Nelson, R. K. and Eglinton, T. I. and Faulkner, D. J. and Norstrom, R. and Ross, P. S. and Tittlemier, S. A.}
}
@article {2051,
	title = {Radiocarbon studies of Long Island Sound sediments},
	journal = {EOS Trans. AGU},
	volume = {85},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 737},
	month = {2004},
	author = {Groner, M. and Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C.}
}
@conference {1817,
	title = {The urban sea: anthropogenic influences on benthic foraminifera in Long Island Sound},
	booktitle = {IGC 32},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 738},
	month = {2004},
	address = {Florence, Italy},
	author = {Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C. and Thaler, B. and Groner, M.}
}
@conference {1820,
	title = {The use of stable carbon isotopes in foraminiferal calcite to trace changes in biological oxygen demand in Long Island Sound},
	booktitle = {6th Biennual LIS Res. Conf. Proc.},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 723},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {47-51},
	author = {Lugolobi, F. and Varekamp, J. C. and Thomas, E. and Buchholtz ten Brink, M. R.}
}
@article {2417,
	title = {Vegetation and climate changes around the Lama Lake, Taymyr Peninsula, Russia during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene},
	journal = {HIgh resolution lake sediment records in climate and Environment variability studies:European lake drilling program},
	volume = {122},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {69 - 84},
	abstract = {A continuous lacustrine sequence from the western part of Lama Lake (69{\textdegree}32'N, 90{\textdegree}12'E), complemented by a peat sequence from the lake catchment provides the first detailed environmental reconstruction for the Late Glacial and Holocene on the Taymyr Peninsula. Scarce steppe-like communities with Artemisia, Poaceae, and Cyperaceae dominated during the Late Glacial. Tundra-like communities with Betula nana, Dryas, and Salix grew on more mesic sites. There are distinct climatic signals, which may be correlated with the B{\o}lling and Aller{\o}d warming and Middle and Younger Dryas cooling. The Late Glacial/Preboreal transition, at about 10,000 14C yr BP, was characterized by changes from predominantly open herb communities to shrub tundra ones. Larch forest might have been established as early as 9700{\textendash}9600 14C yr BP, whilst shrub alder came to the area ca 9500{\textendash}9400 14C yr BP, and spruce did not reach area before ca 9200 14C yr BP. Spruce-larch forests with shrub alder and tree birch dominated the vegetation around the Lama Lake from ca 9000 14C yr BP. Dwarf birch communities were also broadly distributed. The role of spruce in the forest gradually decreased after 4500 14C yr BP. The vegetation cover in the Lama Lake area became similar to the modern larch-spruce forest ca 2500 14C yr BP. A pollen-based biome reconstruction supports a quantitative interpretation of the pollen spectra. Climate reconstructions obtained with information-statistical and plan-functional-type methods show very similar trends in reconstructed July temperature since ca 12,300 14C yr BP, while precipitation anomalies are less coherent, especially during the Late Glacial{\textendash}Holocene transition.},
	isbn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2004.01.032},
	author = {Andreev, A.A. and Tarasov, P.E. and Klimanov, V.A. and Melles, M. and Lisitsyna, O.M. and Hubberten, H.-W.}
}
@conference {1827,
	title = {Western Long Island Sound: evidence from diatom studies of eutrophication and environmental change in the 19th centure},
	booktitle = {AERS fall meeting},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 736},
	month = {2004},
	address = {New Jersey Meadowland Commission, Lyndhurst, NJ},
	author = {Cooper, S. R. and Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C. and Sangiorgio, F.}
}
@conference {1544,
	title = {14C activity and global carbon cycle changes over the past 50,000 years},
	booktitle = {Abstracts, 18th International Radiocarbon Conf.},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1079},
	month = {2003},
	address = {Wellington, NZ},
	author = {Hughen, K. A. and Lehman, S. J. and Southon, J. and Overpeck, J. T. and Marchal, O. and Herring, C. and Turnbull, J.}
}
@article {732,
	title = {A 725 yr cycle in the climate of central Africa during the late Holocene},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2003},
	note = {710ajTimes Cited:27Cited References Count:34},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {677-680},
	abstract = {High-resolution analyses of the chemical and stable isotope composition of endogenic calcite from Lake Edward, an equatorial rift take in central Africa, reveal large oscillations in African climate and moisture balance over the past 5400 yr. These oscillations indicate a series of droughts from 4900 to 400 yr B.P. that define a drought period of similar to725 yr. This period may be correlated to variations in the Indian Ocean monsoons, as documented by similar periods in sea-surface salinity records from the northern Indian Ocean. The similarities in periodicity of the Lake Edward and Indian Ocean records may indicate that low-frequency variability within the Indian and Pacific Oceans dominates millennial-scale African moisture balance and the Holocene climate of the tropical Indian Ocean.},
	issn = {0016-8505},
	doi = {10.1130/G19449.1},
	author = {Russell, J. M. and Johnson, T. C. and Talbot, M. R.}
}
@conference {1583,
	title = {Carbon cycling in Long Island Sound over the last 1000 years},
	booktitle = {AGU, Fall meeting},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1179},
	month = {2003},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	author = {Lugolobi, F. and Varekamp, J. C. and Thomas, E. and Buchholtz ten Brink, M. L. and Mecray, E.}
}
@article {2069,
	title = {Deep sea records from the southeast Labrador Ocean circulation changes and ice-rafting events during hte last 160,000 years},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 989},
	month = {2003},
	author = {Rasmussen, T. L. and Oppo, D. W. and Thompson, E. and Lehman, S. J.}
}
@book {1383,
	title = {Evolution of Sedimentary Rocks},
	series = {Treatise on Geochemistry},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1604},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {369-407},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd, Oxford},
	organization = {Elsevier Ltd, Oxford},
	author = {Veizer, J. and Mackenzie, F. T.},
	editor = {Turekian, K. K.}
}
@article {2062,
	title = {Fossil Sources of Ambient Aerosol Carbon Based on 14C Measurements},
	journal = {Aerosol Science and Technology},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1690},
	month = {2003},
	author = {Tanner, R. L. and Parker, W. J. and McNichol, A. P.}
}
@article {414,
	title = {Hydrothermal alteration of upper oceanic crust formed at a fast-spreading ridge: mineral, chemical, and isotopic evidence from ODP Site 801},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {201},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1537; 748HG Times Cited:42 Cited References Count:56},
	pages = {191-211},
	abstract = {ODP Hole 801C penetrates >400 m into 170-Ma oceanic basement formed at a fast-spreading ridge. Most basalts are slightly (10-20\%) recrystallized to saponite, calcite, minor celadonite and iron oxyhydroxides, and trace pyrite. Temperatures estimated from oxygen isotope data for secondary minerals are 5-100 degreesC, increasing downward. At the earliest stage, dark celadonitic alteration halos formed along fractures and celadonite, and quartz and chalcedony formed in veins from low-temperature (},
	issn = {0009-2541},
	doi = {10.1016/S0009-2541(03)00201-8},
	author = {Alt, J. C. and Teagle, D. A. H.}
}
@book {1380,
	title = {Mantle Volatiles--Distribution and Consequences},
	series = {Treatise on Geochemistry},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1597},
	month = {2003},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
	organization = {Elsevier Ltd},
	address = {Oxford},
	author = {Luth, R. W.},
	editor = {Turekian, K. K.}
}
@article {643,
	title = {Mid-holocene climate change in Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2003},
	note = {716arTimes Cited:43Cited References Count:39},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {133-141},
	abstract = {Lake Bosumtwi is one of the most widely studied palaeoclimate archives in West Africa. Results from numerous AMS C-14 dates of samples from four piston cores from Lake Bosumtwi show that an abrupt sedimentary transition from a mid-Holocene sapropel to calcareous laminated muds occurred at about 3200 cal yr B.P. High-resolution analyses of the nitrogen isotopic composition of organic matter across this transition confirm its abrupt nature, and suggest that the change may signal a step toward increased aridity and intensified surface winds that affected western equatorial Africa from Ghana to the Congo basin. Northern and Eastern Africa experienced a similar abrupt shift toward aridity during the late Holocene, but at about 5000 cal yr B.P., a difference in timing that illustrates the regional nature of climate changes during the Holocene and the importance of feedback mechanisms in regulating Holocene climate variability. Furthermore, an abrupt change at about 3000 cal yr B.P. occurs at several sites adjacent to the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, which may hint at major changes in the surface temperatures of the tropical Atlantic and/or Pacific at this time. (C) 2003 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00065-6},
	author = {Russell, J. and Talbot, M. R. and Haskell, B. J.}
}
@article {2059,
	title = {Modeling the d180 in precipitation over the Americas: 1. Simulation of the stable isotope in Andean ice cores},
	journal = {JGR},
	volume = {108},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1771},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {4174},
	author = {Vuille, M. and Bradley, R. S. and Healy, R. and Werner, M. and Handy, D. R. and Thompson, L. G. and Keimig, F.}
}
@article {2058,
	title = {Modeling the d18O in precipitation over the Americas: 1. Simulation of the stable isotope in Andean ice cores},
	journal = {JGR},
	volume = {108},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1691},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {4174},
	author = {Vuille, M. and Bradley, R. S. and Healy, R. and Werner, M. and Hardy, D. R. and Thompson, L. G. and Keimig, F.}
}
@conference {1729,
	title = {The paleo environmental history of Long Island Sound, Abstract},
	booktitle = {Long Island Sound Lobster Research meeting},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1178},
	month = {2003},
	address = {Groton, CT},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C. and Thomas, E. and Buchholtz ten Brink, M. F. and Altabet, M. and Cooper, S.}
}
@article {644,
	title = {A possible record of the Younger Dryas event in deep-sea sediments of the Southern Ocean (Pacific sector)},
	journal = {Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology},
	volume = {198},
	year = {2003},
	note = {723feTimes Cited:15Cited References Count:55},
	month = {Sep 15},
	pages = {265-278},
	abstract = {The oxygen isotope record combined with radiocarbon dating from two deep-sea cores collected along a transect between New Zealand and the Ross Sea are used to establish a reliable chronostratigraphy for the last 14 kyr. After an integrated geochemical and micropaleontological analysis in this timeframe we detected a cooling interval dated between 12.5 cal kyr BP and 11.4 cal kyr BP. The age control suggests that this event started 1.5 kyr after the onset of the Antarctic Cold Reversal previously observed in several Antarctic ice cores. We infer that the observed cool event corresponds to the Younger Dryas event defined in Northern Europe. This suggests that climate change recorded in this sector of the Southern Hemisphere still shows some synchronicity with Northern Hemisphere variations and that the decoupling of climate change between the two hemispheres likely occurred south of the Polar Front. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00404-8},
	author = {Morigi, C. and Capotondi, L. and Giglio, F. and Langone, L. and Brilli, M. and Turi, B. and Ravaioli, M.}
}
@article {2097,
	title = {An 11,000 year lithostratigraphic and paleohydrologic record from equatorial Africa: Lake Edward, Uganda-Congo},
	journal = {Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {193},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1010},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {25-49},
	author = {Russell, J. M. and Johnson, T. C. and Kelts, K. R. and Laerdal, T. and Talbot, M. R.}
}
@inbook {1385,
	title = {A 20,000-yr sedimentological record from Lake Malawi, East Africa: the Late-Pleistocene/Holocene transition in the southern tropics},
	booktitle = {The East African Great Lakes: Limnology, Palaeoclimatology and Biodiversity},
	series = {Advances in global change research},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1478},
	month = {2002},
	publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht},
	organization = {Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht},
	isbn = {6610618461},
	author = {Barry, S. L. and Filippi, M. L. and Talbot, M. and Johnson, T. C.},
	editor = {Odada, E. O.}
}
@article {2429,
	title = {Akata Site (32SN121) 1996 Archeological Excavations. Anthropology Research, Department of Anthropology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks (Report)},
	volume = {in prep},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1362},
	month = {2002},
	institution = {Dakotas Area Office, U. S. Bureau of Reclamation},
	address = {Bismarck, ND},
	author = {Toom, Dennis L.}
}
@conference {1577,
	title = {Benthic foraminifera in Long Island Sound as indicators of eutrophication},
	booktitle = {GSA Annual meeting},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 731},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {384},
	address = {Denver, CO},
	author = {Abramson, I. and Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C. and Buchholtz ten Brink, M. R.}
}
@article {990,
	title = {Birth of the modern Chesapeake Bay estuary between 7.4 and 8.2 ka and implications for global sea-level rise},
	journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 540},
	pages = {188-197},
	abstract = {Two major pulses of sea-level rise are thought to have taken place since the last glacial maximum {\textemdash} meltwater pulses (mwp) 1A (12 cal ka) and 1B (9.5 cal ka). Between mwp 1B and about 6 cal ka, many of the complex coastal ecosystems which ring the world{\textquoteright}s oceans began to form. Here we report data for rhenium, carbon isotopes, total organic carbon, and fossil oysters from Chesapeake Bay which span the transition from fresh to brackish water conditions in the bay in the mid-Holocene. These data constrain sea-level change and resulting environmental change in the bay. They indicate that the transition was rapid, and that it was produced by (1) a third pulse of rapid eustatic sea-level rise, or (2) a geometry of the prehistoric Chesapeake Bay basin which predisposed it to a nonlinear response to a steadily rising sea level. Similar nonlinear changes in vulnerable coastal environments are likely to take place in the future due to polar warming, regardless of the timing or rate of sea-level rise.},
	doi = {10.1007/s00367-002-0112-z},
	author = {Bratton, John F. and Colman, Steven M. and Thieler, E. Robert and Seal, Robert R.}
}
@conference {1629,
	title = {Eutrophication of Long Island Sound as traced by benthic foraminifera},
	booktitle = {Long Island Sound/NEERS Research Conference},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 727},
	month = {2002},
	address = {Groton, CT},
	author = {Thomas, E. and Abramson, I. and Varekamp, J. C. and Buchholtz ten Brink, M. R.}
}
@conference {1637,
	title = {Fossil sources of PM2.5 aerosol carbon based on 14C measurements},
	booktitle = {PM2.5 and electric power generation: recent findings and implications},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 353},
	month = {2002},
	address = {Pittsburgh, PA},
	author = {Tanner, R. L. and Parkhurst, W. J. and McNichol, A. P.}
}
@conference {1647,
	title = {The historical record of water quality in Long Island Sound},
	booktitle = {Long Island Sound workshop},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 726},
	month = {2002},
	publisher = {Batelle Laboratories},
	organization = {Batelle Laboratories},
	address = {Groton, CT},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C. and Thomas, E. and Mecray, E. L. and Buchholtz ten Brink, M. F.}
}
@article {2430,
	title = {Ituhu Site (32SN110) 1995 Archeological Excavations. Anthropology Research, Department of Anthropology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks (Report)},
	volume = {in prep},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 202},
	month = {2002},
	institution = {Dakotas Area Office, U. S. Bureau of Reclamation},
	address = {Bismarck, ND},
	author = {Toom, Dennis L.}
}
@article {1523,
	title = {James River Archeological Project 1994-2000, Background and General Research Design - Stutsman County, North Dakota},
	volume = {Contribution Nos. 379-381},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1221},
	month = {2002},
	institution = {U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Dakota Area Office},
	address = {Bismarck, ND 58502},
	author = {Toom, Dennis L.}
}
@article {2428,
	title = {Keyhole Reservoir 2001 Archeological Site Evaluations, Crook County, Wyoming},
	volume = {in prep},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1432},
	month = {2002},
	institution = {Anthropology Research, Department of Anthropology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks},
	address = {Grand Forks, ND},
	author = {Jackson, Michael L. and Toom, Dennis L.}
}
@article {701,
	title = {Kilimanjaro ice core records: evidence of holocene climate change in tropical Africa},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {298},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Thompson, Lonnie GMosley-Thompson, EllenDavis, Mary EHenderson, Keith ABrecher, Henry HZagorodnov, Victor SMashiotta, Tracy ALin, Ping-NanMikhalenko, Vladimir NHardy, Douglas RBeer, Jurgeng2002/10/19 04:00Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):589-93.},
	month = {Oct 18},
	pages = {589-93},
	abstract = {Six ice cores from Kilimanjaro provide an approximately 11.7-thousand-year record of Holocene climate and environmental variability for eastern equatorial Africa, including three periods of abrupt climate change: approximately 8.3, approximately 5.2, and approximately 4 thousand years ago (ka). The latter is coincident with the "First Dark Age," the period of the greatest historically recorded drought in tropical Africa. Variable deposition of F- and Na+ during the African Humid Period suggests rapidly fluctuating lake levels between approximately 11.7 and 4 ka. Over the 20th century, the areal extent of Kilimanjaro{\textquoteright}s ice fields has decreased approximately 80\%, and if current climatological conditions persist, the remaining ice fields are likely to disappear between 2015 and 2020.},
	issn = {0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1073198},
	author = {Thompson, L. G. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Davis, M. E. and Henderson, K. A. and Brecher, H. H. and Zagorodnov, V. S. and Mashiotta, T. A. and Lin, P. N. and Mikhalenko, V. N. and Hardy, D. R. and Beer, J.}
}
@article {2431,
	title = {Kirschenman III Site (32SN247) 1994 Archeological Excavation. Anthropology Research, Department of Anthropology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks (Report)},
	volume = {in prep},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 201},
	month = {2002},
	institution = {Dakotas Area Office, U. S. Bureau of Reclamation},
	address = {Bismarck, ND},
	author = {Toom, Dennis L.}
}
@inbook {1434,
	title = {Late Quaternary sedimentation and climate in the Lake Edward and George area, Uganda-Congo},
	booktitle = {The East African Great Lakes: Limnology, Palaeolimnology, and Biodiversity},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1012},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {429-470},
	publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	organization = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	address = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands},
	author = {Laerdal, T. and Talbot, M. R. and Russell, J. M.},
	editor = {Olago, D.}
}
@conference {1679,
	title = {Major Prehistoric Ceramic Series in the Middle Missouri Subarea of the Plains},
	booktitle = {2002 Conference on the ceramics of the Northeastern Plains and adjacent areas},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1434},
	month = {2002},
	address = {University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba},
	author = {Toom, Dennis L.}
}
@article {2432,
	title = {Nelson Site (32SN113) 2000 Archeological Excavations. Anthropology Research, Department of Anthropology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks (Report)},
	volume = {in prep.},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 203},
	month = {2002},
	institution = {Dakotas Area Office, U. S. Bureau of Reclamation},
	address = {Bismarck, ND},
	author = {Toom, Dennis L.}
}
@inbook {1465,
	title = {Ocean circulation: thermohaline circulation},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 521},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {2941-2947},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	address = {London},
	author = {Toggweiler, J. R. and Key, R. M.},
	editor = {Steele, J.}
}
@article {2092,
	title = {Organic carbon deposition on the North Carolina continental slope off Cape Hatteras (USA)},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2002},
	note = {607kxTimes Cited:31
Cited References Count:77
},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {4687-4709},
	abstract = {The continental slope off Cape Hatteras, NC is a region of high sediment accumulation and organic matter deposition. Sediment accumulation rates range from 3 to 151 cm kyr(-1). Organic carbon deposition rates are 5-13 moles C m(-2) yr(-1), the highest reported for the slope off the eastern US. Burial efficiencies are 3-40\%. The organic matter deposited is marine in origin and a mix of old and young particles. High organic carbon deposition rates support remineralization throughout the upper 2-3 m of sediment. Deep bioirrigation to depths of 60-100 cm within the seabed affects the biogeochemistry of the sediments by extending the zone of sulfate reduction and by steepening DIC porewater gradients through the non-local exchange of porewater. Stable and radiocarbon isotope mixing curves for porewater dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) indicate that the dominant source of DIC accumulating in the upper 2-3 m of the seabed is of nearly uniform delta(13)C (-21.10parts per thousand) and Delta(14)C (-546parts per thousand.). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {anaerobic methane oxidation, early diagenesis, margin, marine-sediments, MATTER, middle-atlantic-bight, sea-floor, shelf, south, waters},
	isbn = {0967-0645},
	author = {Thomas, C. J. and Blair, N. E. and Alperin, M. J. and DeMaster, D. J. and Jahnke, R. A. and Martens, C. S. and Mayer, L.}
}
@article {2091,
	title = {Paleoceanographic proxies in Long Island Sound, CT, USA},
	journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Suppl. 1583rx
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0
},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {A772-A772},
	isbn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01013-X},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000177423401511},
	author = {Thomas, E. and Lugolobi, F. and Varekamp, J. C.}
}
@conference {1738,
	title = {Paleoenvironmental history of Long Island Sound},
	booktitle = {Long Island Sound/NEERS Research Conference AGU Fall Meeting},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1177},
	month = {2002},
	address = {Groton, CT San Francisco, CA},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C. and Thomas, E. and Lugolobi, F. and Buchholtz ten Brink, M. R.}
}
@conference {1749,
	title = {Prehistoric cereamics in the upper James River region of the northeastern plains},
	booktitle = {Conference on the ceramics of the northeastern plains and adjacent areas},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1436},
	month = {2002},
	address = {University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba},
	author = {Toom, Dennis L. and Schneider, Frederick E.}
}
@conference {1772,
	title = {Radiochemical measurements from FOODBANCS: Examining carbon cycling and benth-pelagic coupling on the Antarctic continental shelf},
	booktitle = {AGU/ASLO Ocean Sciences Meeting},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1143},
	month = {2002},
	address = {Honolulu, HI},
	author = {DeMaster, D. J. and Thomas, J. and al, et}
}
@conference {1783,
	title = {Sea level rise in Long Island Sound over the last millennium},
	booktitle = {Long Island Sound/NEERS Research Conference AGU Fall meeting},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 728},
	month = {2002},
	address = {Groton, CT San Francisco, CA},
	author = {Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C.}
}
@article {2122,
	title = {Stable chlorine and carbon isotopic compositions of selected semi-volatile organochlorine compounds},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2002},
	note = {545bnTimes Cited:41
Cited References Count:25
},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {437-444},
	abstract = {To assess whether the isotopic composition of semi-volatile organochlorine compounds (SVOCs) may be a useful tool, we measured the bulk delta(37)Cl and delta(13)C values of several pesticides and Aroclor mixtures from different suppliers. Overall, the delta(37)Cl and delta(13)C values ranged from -5.10 to + 1.22\% and -31.63 to -22.39\%, respectively. These values are narrower than the ranges observed previously for volatile organic contaminants (VOCs). In particular, the isotopic compositions of the Aroclor mixtures were very tightly constrained for both chlorine and carbon, We also observed that SVOCs synthesized from hexachlorocyclopentadiene had the most enriched delta(37)Cl values. These data provide a baseline for future work employing isotope ratios to study the environmental fate of SVOCs. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {aroclors, fractionation, hydrocarbons, intrinsic bioremediation, samples, solvents, trichloroethene},
	isbn = {0146-6380},
	author = {Drenzek, N. J. and Tarr, C. H. and Eglinton, T. I. and Heraty, L. J. and Sturchio, N. C. and Shiner, V. J. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {702,
	title = {Super ENSO and global climate oscillations at millennial time scales},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {297},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Stott, LowellPoulsen, ChristopherLund, SteveThunell, Roberteng2002/07/13 10:00Science. 2002 Jul 12;297(5579):222-6.},
	month = {Jul 12},
	pages = {222-6},
	abstract = {The late Pleistocene history of seawater temperature and salinity variability in the western tropical Pacific warm pool is reconstructed from oxygen isotope (delta18O) and magnesium/calcium composition of planktonic foraminifera. Differentiating the calcite delta18O record into components of temperature and local water delta18O reveals a dominant salinity signal that varied in accord with Dansgaard/Oeschger cycles over Greenland. Salinities were higher at times of high-latitude cooling and were lower during interstadials. The pattern and magnitude of the salinity variations imply shifts in the tropical Pacific ocean/atmosphere system analogous to modern El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). El Nino conditions correlate with stadials at high latitudes, whereas La Nina conditions correlate with interstadials. Millennial-scale shifts in atmospheric convection away from the western tropical Pacific may explain many paleo-observations, including lower atmospheric CO2, N2O, and CH4 during stadials and patterns of extratropical ocean variability that have tropical source functions that are negatively correlated with El Nino.},
	issn = {0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1071627},
	author = {Stott, L. and Poulsen, C. and Lund, S. and Thunell, R.}
}
@article {2433,
	title = {Tahuka Site (32SN121) 1998 Archeological Excavations. Anthropology Research, Department of Anthropology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks (Report)},
	volume = {in prep},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1363},
	month = {2002},
	institution = {Dakotas Area Office, U. S. Bureau of Reclamation},
	address = {Bismarck, ND},
	author = {Toom, Dennis L.}
}
@conference {1818,
	title = {The use of carbon isotopes to trace changes in biological oxygen demand in Long Island Sound},
	booktitle = {Long Island Sound/NEERS Research Conference},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 730},
	month = {2002},
	address = {Groton, CT},
	author = {Lugolobi, F. and Varekamp, J. C. and Thomas, E.}
}
@article {2156,
	title = {Chronology of the Palmer Deep Site, Antarctic Peninsula: A Holocene Paleoenvironmental reference for the circum-Antarctic},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 119},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {1-9},
	author = {Domack, E. W. and Leventer, A. and Dunbar, R. and Taylory, R. and Brachfeld, S. and Sjunneskog, C.}
}
@article {300,
	title = {Chronology of the Palmer Deep Site, Antarctic Peninsula: A Holocene Paleoenvironmental reference for the circum-Antarctic},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1319},
	pages = {9-9},
	abstract = {Palmer Deep sediment cores are used to produce the first high-resolution, continuous late Pleistocene to Holocene time-series from the Antarctic marine system. The sedimentary record is dated using accelerator mass spectrometer radiocarbon methods on acid insoluble organic matter and foraminiferal calcite. Fifty-four radiocarbon analyses are utilized in the dating which provides a calibrated timescale back to 13 ka BP. Reliability of resultant ages on organic matter is assured because duplicates produce a standard deviation from the surface age of less than laboratory error (i.e., {\textpm}50 years). In addition, surface organic matter ages at the site are in excellent agreement with living calcite ages at the accepted reservoir age of 1260 years for the Antarctic Peninsula. Spectral analyses of the magnetic susceptibility record against the age model reveal unusually strong periodicity in the 400,{\textendash}200 and 50-70 year frequency bands, similar to other high-resolution records from the Holocene but, so far, unique for the circum-Antarctic. Here we show that comparison to icecore records of specific climatic events (e.g., the {\textquoteright}Little Ice Age{\textquoteleft}, Neoglacial, Hypsithermal, and the B{\o}lling/Aller{\o}d to Younger Dryas transition) provides improved focus upon the relative timing of atmosphere/ocean changes between the northern anid southern high latitudes.},
	doi = {10.1191/095968301673881493},
	author = {Domack, E. W. and Leventer, A. and Dunbar, R. and Taylor, R. and Brachfeld, S. and Sjunneskog, C.}
}
@article {692,
	title = {Comparative analysis of methane-oxidizing archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria in anoxic marine sediments},
	journal = {Appl Environ Microbiol},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Orphan, V JHinrichs, K UUssler, W 3rdPaull, C KTaylor, L TSylva, S PHayes, J MDelong, E FengComparative StudyResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.2001/04/03 10:00Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Apr;67(4):1922-34.},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {1922-34},
	abstract = {The oxidation of methane in anoxic marine sediments is thought to be mediated by a consortium of methane-consuming archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria. In this study, we compared results of rRNA gene (rDNA) surveys and lipid analyses of archaea and bacteria associated with methane seep sediments from several different sites on the Californian continental margin. Two distinct archaeal lineages (ANME-1 and ANME-2), peripherally related to the order Methanosarcinales, were consistently associated with methane seep marine sediments. The same sediments contained abundant (13)C-depleted archaeal lipids, indicating that one or both of these archaeal groups are members of anaerobic methane-oxidizing consortia. (13)C-depleted lipids and the signature 16S rDNAs for these archaeal groups were absent in nearby control sediments. Concurrent surveys of bacterial rDNAs revealed a predominance of delta-proteobacteria, in particular, close relatives of Desulfosarcina variabilis. Biomarker analyses of the same sediments showed bacterial fatty acids with strong (13)C depletion that are likely products of these sulfate-reducing bacteria. Consistent with these observations, whole-cell fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed aggregations of ANME-2 archaea and sulfate-reducing Desulfosarcina and Desulfococcus species. Additionally, the presence of abundant (13)C-depleted ether lipids, presumed to be of bacterial origin but unrelated to ether lipids of members of the order Desulfosarcinales, suggests the participation of additional bacterial groups in the methane-oxidizing process. Although the Desulfosarcinales and ANME-2 consortia appear to participate in the anaerobic oxidation of methane in marine sediments, our data suggest that other bacteria and archaea are also involved in methane oxidation in these environments.},
	issn = {0099-2240 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.67.4.1922-1934.2001},
	author = {Orphan, V. J. and Hinrichs, K. U. and Ussler, W. and Paull, C. K. and Taylor, L. T. and Sylva, S. P. and Hayes, J. M. and DeLong, E. F.}
}
@conference {1720,
	title = {On the d13C:PO4 relationahip in the modern and glacial ocean},
	booktitle = {Fall AGU Meeting},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1447},
	month = {2001},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	author = {Toggweiler, J. R. and Key, R. M. and McNeil, B.}
}
@conference {1606,
	title = {Deposition of Bomb C-14 in Continental Slope Sediments: Use of Radiocarbon in Understanding Benthic Food Web Dynamics},
	booktitle = {Aquatic Sciences Meeting, ASLO},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1368},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {45},
	address = {Albuquerque, NM},
	author = {DeMaster, D. J. and Blair, N. E. and Smith, C. R. and Fornes, W. L. and Thomas, C. J. and Plaia, G.}
}
@article {771,
	title = {Estimates of anthropogenic carbon uptake from four three-dimensional global ocean models},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2001},
	note = {417rwTimes Cited:187Cited References Count:64},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {43-60},
	abstract = {We have compared simulations of anthropogenic CO2 in the four three-dimensional ocean models that participated in the first phase of the Ocean Carbon-Cycle Model Intercomparison Project (OCMIP), as a means to identify their major differences. Simulated global uptake agrees to within +/- 19\%, giving a range of 1.85 +/-0.35 Pg C yr(-1) for the 1980-1989 average, Regionally, the Southern Ocean dominates the present-day air-sea flux of anthropogenic CO2 in all models, with one third to one half of the global uptake occurring south of 30 degreesS. The highest simulated total uptake in the Southern Ocean was 70\% larger than the lowest. Comparison with recent data-based estimates of anthropogenic CO2 suggest that most of the models substantially overestimate storage in the Southern Ocean; elsewhere they generally underestimate storage by less than 20\%. Globally, the OCMIP models appear to bracket the real ocean{\textquoteright}s present uptake, based on comparison of regional data-based estimates of anthropogenic CO2 and bomb C-14. Column inventories of bomb C-14 have become more similar to those for anthropogenic CO2 with the time that has elapsed between the Geochemical Ocean Sections Study (1970s) and World Ocean Circulation Experiment (1990s) global sampling campaigns. Our ability to evaluate simulated anthropogenic CO2 would improve if systematic errors associated with the data-based estimates could be provided regionally.},
	issn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2000gb001273},
	author = {Orr, J. C. and Maier-Reimer, E. and Mikolajewicz, U. and Monfray, P. and Sarmiento, J. L. and Toggweiler, J. R. and Taylor, N. K. and Palmer, J. and Gruber, N. and Sabine, C. L. and Le Quere, C. and Key, R. M. and Boutin, J.}
}
@article {413,
	title = {Geometry, numerical models and revised slip rates for the Reelfoot blind thrust and truishear fault-propagation fold, New Medrid Seismic zone},
	journal = {Engineering Geology},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1381},
	pages = {31-49},
	abstract = {The geometry and structural relief of late Holocene sediments folded across the Reelfoot scarp are characterized with trench excavations, shallow borings, a digital elevation model (DEM) of topography and Reelfoot Lake (RL) bathymetry. Results suggest the scarp forms by heterogeneous shear in the forelimb of a fault-propagation fold. Seismic data and the accompanying structural analysis support the argument that the Reelfoot fault does not offset the surface, and that the Reelfoot scarp is a fold limb. Structural relief measured across the Reelfoot scarp is slightly higher than previous determinations and varies from 7 to 11 m along the western shoreline of RL. Numerical models based on trishear kinematics constrain growth of the Reelfoot monocline and indicate that the underlying Reelfoot thrust fault is steeply dipping. The shallowest portion of the central Reelfoot thrust segment dips 75{\textdegree} where the fault tip has propagated upward from 911 m to its current location 465 m beneath the surface. The models indicate that the shallowest section of the southern thrust segment in the Reelfoot thrust system dips even more steeply at 80{\textdegree} but has propagated upward only a few tens of meters to its present location 1016 m beneath the surface. The thrust is flatter at deeper levels based on the location of earthquake hypocenters. Strain across the Reelfoot scarp is partitioned into two or three separate fold scarps that collectively record a late Holocene fault slip rate of 3.9{\textpm}0.1 mm/yr. The slip rate is based on 9 m of structural relief, the 2290{\textpm}60 ybp age of folded sediment and a 75{\textdegree} dip for the fault. This implies a rate of horizontal contraction in the seismic zone of \~{}1.0 mm/yr. This rate is strongly dependent on the dip of the thrust calculated by the structural analysis. The numerical models argue for reactivation of faults that previously offset Paleozoic strata.},
	doi = {10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00048-5},
	author = {Champion, J. and Mueller, K. and Tate, A. and Guccione, M. J.}
}
@article {340,
	title = {The history of South American tropical precipitation for the past 25,000 years},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {291},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 369; Baker, P A Seltzer, G O Fritz, S C Dunbar, R B Grove, M J Tapia, P M Cross, S L Rowe, H D Broda, J P New York, N.Y. Science. 2001 Jan 26;291(5504):640-3.},
	pages = {640-3},
	abstract = {Long sediment cores recovered from the deep portions of Lake Titicaca are used to reconstruct the precipitation history of tropical South America for the past 25,000 years. Lake Titicaca was a deep, fresh, and continuously overflowing lake during the last glacial stage, from before 25,000 to 15,000 calibrated years before the present (cal yr B.P.), signifying that during the last glacial maximum (LGM), the Altiplano of Bolivia and Peru and much of the Amazon basin were wetter than today. The LGM in this part of the Andes is dated at 21,000 cal yr B.P., approximately coincident with the global LGM. Maximum aridity and lowest lake level occurred in the early and middle Holocene (8000 to 5500 cal yr B.P.) during a time of low summer insolation. Today, rising levels of Lake Titicaca and wet conditions in Amazonia are correlated with anomalously cold sea-surface temperatures in the northern equatorial Atlantic. Likewise, during the deglacial and Holocene periods, there were several millennial-scale wet phases on the Altiplano and in Amazonia that coincided with anomalously cold periods in the equatorial and high-latitude North Atlantic, such as the Younger Dryas.},
	issn = {0036-8075 (Print) 0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.291.5504.640},
	author = {Baker, P. A. and Seltzer, G. O. and Fritz, S. C. and Dunbar, R. B. and Grove, M. J. and Tapia, P. M. and Cross, S. L. and Rowe, H. D. and Broda, J. P.}
}
@article {769,
	title = {Hypothesized climate forcing time series for the last 500 years},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {106},
	year = {2001},
	note = {456yeTimes Cited:108Cited References Count:89},
	month = {Jul 27},
	pages = {14783-14803},
	abstract = {A new compilation of annually resolved time series of atmospheric trace gas concentrations, solar irradiance, tropospheric aerosol optical depth, and stratospheric (volcanic) aerosol optical depth is presented for use in climate modeling studies of the period 1500 to 1999 A.D. Atmospheric CO2 CH4, and N2O concentrations over this period are well established on the basis of fossil air trapped in ice cores and instrumental measurements over the last few decades. Estimates of solar irradiance, ranging between 1364.2 and 1368.2 W/m(2), are presented using calibrated historical observations of the Sun back to 1610, along with cosmogenic isotope variations extending back to 1500. Tropospheric aerosol distributions are calculated by scaling the modern distribution of sulfate and carbonaceous aerosol optical depths back to 1860 using reconstructed regional CO2 emissions; prior to 1860 the anthropogenic tropospheric aerosol optical depths are assumed to be zero. Finally, the first continuous, annually dated record of zonally averaged stratospheric (volcanic) optical depths back to 1500 is constructed using sulfate flux data from multiple ice cores from both Greenland and Antarctica, in conjunction with historical and instrumental (satellite and pyrheliometric) observations. The climate forcings generated here are currently being used as input to a suite of transient (time dependent) paleoclimate model simulations of the past 500 years. These forcings are also available for comparison with instrumental and proxy paleoclimate data of the same period.},
	issn = {0747-7309},
	doi = {10.1029/2000jd900469},
	author = {Robertson, A. and Overpeck, J. and Rind, D. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Zielinski, G. and Lean, J. and Koch, D. and Penner, J. and Tegen, I. and Healy, R.}
}
@conference {1717,
	title = {Oceanic changes in the southern Pacific Ocean during the last deglaciation time, as recorded by planktic foraminifers and oxigen isotopes. --Extended abstract},
	booktitle = {ANTOSTRAT Symposium on "The geologic record of the Antarctic ice sheet from drilling, coring and seismic studies"},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1428},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {137},
	address = {Erice, Italy},
	author = {Morigi, C. and Capotondi, L. and Giglio, F. and Langone, L. and Brilli, M. and Turi, B. and Ravaioli, M.}
}
@conference {1733,
	title = {Paleoceanographic changes in the Southern Ocean, during the last deglaciation time, as recorded by planktic foraminifers and oxygen isotopes--Poster},
	booktitle = {ANTOSTRAT Symposium on "The geologic record of the Antarctic ice sheet from drilling, coring and seismic studies"--Poster},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1424},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {137},
	address = {Erice, Italy},
	author = {Morigi, C. and Capotondi, L. and Giglio, F. and Langone, L. and Turi, B. and Brilli, M. and Ravaioli, M.}
}
@article {817,
	title = {A giant vampire (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in the Late Holocene from the Argentinean pampas: paleoenvironmental significance},
	journal = {Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology},
	volume = {160},
	year = {2000},
	note = {330jhTimes Cited:12Cited References Count:40},
	month = {Jul 15},
	pages = {213-221},
	abstract = {The first fossil desmodontine record and the only well documented chiropteran fossil record from Argentina is described. A complete left upper canine was collected at Centinela del Mar (38 degrees 21{\textquoteright}S58 degrees W, General Alvarado County, Buenos Aires Province) from fossil-bearing sediments referred to the Late Holocene. The tooth size is 25\% larger than that of the modern vampire bat. Desmodus rotundus. We assign this tooth to Desmodus cf. D. draculae, an extinct species recorded in the Pleistocene-Holocene of South America (Brazil and Venezuela). The southernmost distribution of present-day Desmodus extends to northeast Buenos Aires province (35 degrees S). The presence of Desmodus some 600 km south of this present-day limit (July minimal isotherm of 10 degrees C) indicates that around 300 years BP the southeastern Buenos Aires province was at least 2 degrees C higher than modern July isotherm. The Desmodus tooth is associated with sigmodontine rodents characteristic of subtropical and temperate-warm areas (e.g., Pseudoryzomys simplex, Bibimys cf. B. torresi), and provides additional evidence to support this hypothesis. A correlation with a global warming phase is discussed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00067-5},
	author = {Pardinas, U. F. J. and Tonni, E. P.}
}
@article {803,
	title = {Ice core evidence for climate change in the Tropics: implications for our future},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2000},
	note = {268pvTimes Cited:145Cited References Count:54},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {19-35},
	abstract = {Reliable meteorological observations for climate reconstruction are limited or absent prior to A.D. 1850 for much of the Earth and particularly in both tropical South America and the Tibetan Plateau region of central Asia. Over 50\% of the Earth{\textquoteright}s surface lies between 30 degrees N and 30 degrees S and 75\% of the world{\textquoteright}s inhabitants live and conduct their activities in these tropical regions. Thus, much of the climatic activity of significance to humanity, such as variations in the occurrence and intensity of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation and monsoons, are largely confined to lower latitudes. Moreover, the variability of these tropical systems and particularly that of the tropical hydrological system in response to regional and global climate forcing are not well understood. Fortunately, ice core records are also available from selected high altitude, low and mid-latitude ice caps. The ice core studies described here were undertaken as part of a long-term program to acquire the global-scale, high-resolution climatic and environmental history essential for understanding more fully the linkages between the low and the high latitudes. Two ice core records, one covering the last full glacial cycle from the Guliya Ice Cap, China (35 degrees N; 6200 m asl) and one from Huascaran, Peru, which reveal significant cooling during the Last Glacial Cycle Maximum (LGM similar to 20,000 yr BP) are compared with preliminary data coming from the new Sajama, Bolivia (18 degrees S, 6550 m asl) and the Dasuopu, Himalaya (China, 28 degrees N, 7200 m asl) cores. Lower delta(18)O values (equivalent to cooling of similar to 8 degrees C) contribute to the growing body of evidence that the tropical climate was cooler and more variable during the last glacial cycle and has renewed current interest in the tropical water vapor cycle. The new tropical ice core records raise additional questions about our understanding of the role of the tropics in global climate. Unfortunately, as a result of recent warming, all known tropical glaciers and ice caps are retreating and soon will no longer continue to preserve viable paleoclimatic records. The characteristics of the current warming will be examined and compared to earlier periods of climatic warming such as the transition form the last glacial into the current interglacial as well as other periods within the Holocene. It is important to distinguish natural variation in the climate system from the anthropogenic influences superimposed during the: last century. These tropical ice cores offer long-term perspectives of accumulation, temperature, atmospheric dust and "greenhouse" gas concentrations against which recent variations may be assessed, with particular relevance for lower latitude regions where most people live. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00052-9},
	author = {Thompson, L. G.}
}
@article {2165,
	title = {Ice Core Paleoclimate Records in Tropical South America Since the Last Glacial Maximum},
	journal = {Journal of Quaternary Science},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 245},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {377-394},
	author = {Thompson, L. G. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Henderson, K. A.}
}
@inbook {1425,
	title = {Late Pleistocene and Holocene geological evolution of the central Penobscot River Valley: Surficial geology, geoarchaeology, and water supply (Book Section)},
	booktitle = {Guidebook for Field Trips in Coastal and East-Central Maine: NEIGC 92nd Annual Meeting},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 152},
	month = {2000},
	address = {Orono, ME},
	author = {Kelly, A. R. and Dorion, C. C. and Balco, G. and Dieffenbacher-Krall, A. and Garrett, P. and Locke, D. and Tolman, A.},
	editor = {Yates, M. G.}
}
@article {804,
	title = {The N and W Iceland Shelf: insights into Last Glacial Maximum ice extent and deglaciation based on acoustic stratigraphy and basal radiocarbon AMS dates},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2000},
	note = {298udTimes Cited:71Cited References Count:75},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {619-631},
	abstract = {We present 32 AMS radiocarbon dates collected from sediments obtained during cruises of CSS Hudson (1993, RV Jan Mayen (1996), and Bjarni Saemundsson (1997). The radiocarbon dates were obtained on samples from the basal part of sediment cores collected across an area between 64 and 67 degrees N and 18-29 degrees W. Core sites were based on 3.5 kHz acoustic subbottom surveys. The 3.5 kHz subbottom profiles indicate that several of the troughs contain greater than or equal to 30 m of Quaternary sediment. At many sites, the acoustic surveys suggest the presence of one or more strong reflectors which can be traced over extended areas ( > 100 km) of the seafloor. These may represent large-scale volcanic ash falls, such as the Vedde ash and its correlatives, as well as other regionally significant tephras. We report dates from seven areas; (1) Northern troughs - Eyjafjardarall, Hunafloadjup, and Reykjafjardarall: (2) Hunafloi area and inner shelf and fjords; (3) Djupall area; (4) Isafjardardjup area; (5) Kolluall; (6) western shelf break and slope; and 7) Jokuldjup. The dates range in age from Marine Isotope Stages 3-1. Five cores have basal dates greater than or equal to 16 ka and thus provide information on the timing and environments during the deglaciation, Several dates of similar to 12 ka indicate that the inner shelf may have been largely ice-free by that time. Estimates of average sediment accumulation rates vary between 4 and 90 cm/kyr, with modal estimates of 30-30 cm/kyr, (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00036-0},
	author = {Andrews, J. T. and Hardardottir, J. and Helgadottir, G. and Jennings, A. E. and Geirsdottir, A. and Sveinbjornsdottir, A. E. and Schoolfield, S. and Kristjansdottir, G. B. and Smith, L. M. and Thors, K. and Syvitski, J. P. M.}
}
@conference {1732,
	title = {Paleoceanographic changes in the Southern Ocean (Pacific sector) during the last 14 Ka.--Poster},
	booktitle = {Third International SO-JGOFS Symposium},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1422},
	month = {2000},
	address = {Brest},
	author = {Morigi, C. and Capotondi, L. and Ravaioli, M. and Giglio, F. and Turi, B. and Brilli, M. and Langone, L.}
}
@article {2171,
	title = {Postglacial climate and vegetation history, north-central Kola Peninsula, Russia: pollen and diatom records from Lake Yarnyshnoe-3},
	journal = {Boreas},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2000},
	note = {378dxTimes Cited:28
Cited References Count:82
},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {261-271},
	abstract = {A sediment core from Lake Yamyshnoe-3 (69 degrees 04{\textquoteright}N; 36 degrees 04{\textquoteright}E), an emerged coastal lake from the tundra of the north-central Kola Peninsula, has been analyzed for fossil pollen and diatoms. The pollen record shows the Younger Dryas event marked by increasing Artemisia coupled with decreases in Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Salix at c. 10 700 to 10 000 BP. This core provides the first well-defined palynological record of the Younger Dryas event on the Kola Peninsula. Stomates from Pinus were recovered from the core interval between 8000 and 6000 BP. The stomates, coupled with elevated values of pine pollen, indicate that Pinus sylvestris grew near the arctic coastline of the central Kola Peninsula in the middle Holocene. However, the small number of stomates suggests that pines were not plentiful. The diatom record from the core reflects basin isolation from the sea and indicates additional limnological changes during the climate transition between c. 5000 and 4000 BP. The broadly similar climate and vegetation history on the north-central Kola Peninsula and in Fennoscandia demonstrates the propagation of late glacial and Holocene climate events from the North Atlantic region into the Eurasian Arctic.},
	keywords = {atlantic, finnish lapland, Holocene, late pleistocene, norway, sea, sediments, varanger-peninsula, western part, younger-dryas},
	isbn = {0300-9483},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1502-3885.2000.tb01209.x},
	author = {Snyder, J. A. and MacDonald, G. M. and Forman, S. L. and Tarasov, G. A. and Mode, W. N.}
}
@article {1033,
	title = {Radiocarbon dated Pinus sylvertis L. wood from beyond treeline on the Kola Peninsula, Russia},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 376},
	pages = {143-147},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon dates were obtained from 24 samples of Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) wood recovered from sites beyond the modern conifer tree-line on the Kola Peninsula of Russia. Twenty-one of the samples came from the shallow waters and eroding peats at the edges of two small lakes at 68{\textdegree}439N, 35{\textdegree}109E, located north of the modern conifer tree-line. Three samples came from a small pond located above the modern elevational limits of Pinus sylvestris at 68{\textdegree}259N, 35{\textdegree}199E. The radiocarbon dates indicate that pine trees grew approximately 20 km north of the mapped modern limits of the species from 6680 BP to 3830 BP. Pine trees were also growing some 40 m above their modern elevational limits between 5890 BP and 3450 BP. Nineteen of the samples date from 6680 BP to 5070 BP, suggesting that the density of trees north of the modern tree-line was greatest between 7000 and 5000 BP. The timing of tree-line advance and greatest density on the Kola Peninsula are in agreement with the results of similar studies from northern Fennoscandia which indicate that maximum northern and elevational extension of tree-line occurred between 7000 BP and 4000 BP. The general agreement between tree-line reconstructions suggests that the climatic changes that promoted mid-Holocene tree-line extension along the North Atlantic margins in northern Fennoscandia propagated eastward to the Kola Peninsula. The late timing of initial pine expansion on the Kola and in adjacent northern Fennoscandia remains problematic and may relate to lower winter insolation, temperature regimes in the adjacent oceans or slow rates of migration.},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1191/095968300667807510},
	author = {MacDonald, G. M. and Gervalis, B. and Snyder, J. A. and Tarasov, G. A. and Borisova, O. A.}
}
@conference {1788,
	title = {Sonota Complex Sites in Eastern North Dakota},
	booktitle = {2000 Plains Conference, 58th Annual Meeting of the Plains Anthropological Society},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 205},
	month = {2000},
	address = {St. Paul, MN},
	author = {Toom, Dennis L. and Jackson, Michael A.}
}
@article {1516,
	title = {Climate and fisheries on the south east Australian continental shelf and slope (final report)},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 109},
	month = {1999},
	institution = {Fisheries Research and Development Corporation},
	author = {Koslow, J. A. and Thresher, R.}
}
@article {2209,
	title = {Deglaciation of the northwestern White Mountains, New Hampshire},
	journal = {Geographie Physique Et Quaternaire},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1999},
	note = {218kbTimes Cited:18
Cited References Count:56
},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {59-77},
	abstract = {The mode of deglaciation in the northwestern White Mountains of New Hampshire has been controversial since the mid 1800{\textquoteright}s. Early workers believed that active ice deposited the Bethlehem Moraine complex in the Ammonoosuc River basin during recession of the last ice sheet. In the 1930{\textquoteright}s this deglaciation model was replaced by the concept of widespread simultaneous stagnation and downwastage of Late Wisconsinan ice. The present authors reexamined the Bethlehem Moraine complex and support the original interpretation of a series of moraines deposited by active ice. We found other moraine clusters of similar age to the northeast in the Johns River and lsrael River basins. lce-marginal deposits that probably correlate with the Bethlehem Moraine also occur west of Littleton. The Bethlehem Moraine complex and equivalent deposits in adjacent areas were formed by readvance and oscillatory retreat of the Connecticut Valley lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. This event is called the Littleton-Bethlehem Readvance. Throughout the study area, sequences of glaciolacustrine deposits and meltwater drainage channels indicate progressive northward recession of the glacier margin. Radiocarbon dates from nearby New England and Quebec suggest that the ice sheet withdrew from this part of the White Mountains between about 12,500 and 12,000 (14)C yr BP. We attribute the Littleton-Bethlehem Readvance to a brief climatic cooling during Older Dyas time, close to 12,000 BP.},
	keywords = {canada, chronology, climate, last termination, new-england, record, tills},
	isbn = {0705-7199},
	author = {Thompson, W. B. and Fowler, B. K. and Dorion, C. C.}
}
@article {2229,
	title = {Holocene Environmental changes in the Lake Erie Basis},
	journal = {International Association for Great Lakes Research Program and Abstract},
	volume = {A-58},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 249},
	month = {1999},
	author = {Kepthorne, R. A. and Barrera, E. and Coakley, J. P. and Tevesz, M. J. S. and Miller, B. B.}
}
@conference {1731,
	title = {Paleoceanographic changes in the Southern Ocean (Pacific Sector) during the last 14 ka.- -Abstract},
	booktitle = {Third International SO-JGOFS Symposium},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1426},
	month = {1999},
	address = {Brest},
	author = {Morigo, C. and Capotondi, L. and Ravaioli, M. and Giglio, F. and Turi, B. and Brilli, M. and Langone, L.}
}
@conference {1742,
	title = {Planktic foraminifera and oxygen isotope as proxies for paleoceanographic reconstruction in the Southern Ocean during the last deglacial time--Abstract},
	booktitle = {Convegno Glaciologia e Paleoclima},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1425},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {70-71},
	address = {Padova},
	author = {Morigi, C. and Capotondi, L. and Ravaioli, M. and Giglio, F. and Turi, B. and Brilli, M. and Frignani, M. and Langone, L.}
}
@article {2237,
	title = {Radiocarbon age anomalies in land snail shells from Texas: Ontogenetic, individual, and geographic patterns of variation},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {41},
	year = {1999},
	note = {228qgTimes Cited:28
Cited References Count:18
},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {149-156},
	abstract = {Accelerator mass spectrometric (AMS) radiocarbon analyses of live-collected, prebomb samples of shell carbonates of the land snails Rabdotus dealbatus and R. alternatus from Texas were carried out to quantify the characteristic age anomalies of land snails from limestone areas. Age anomalies are similar for the two species; they average +700 yr and vary by +/-180 yr (1 sigma) among samples. Serial analysis of I shell reveals a significant ontogenetic trend in C-14 age anomalies, with older apparent ages (up to 1200 yr) in the apical part of the shell and younger and uniform ages in the last whorl. No trend in age anomalies was found across a broad range of rainfall conditions (from 300 to 1000 mm mean annual rainfall).},
	keywords = {Carbonate},
	isbn = {0033-8222},
	author = {Goodfriend, G. A. and Ellis, G. L. and Toolin, L. J.}
}
@article {719,
	title = {Sedimentary organic matter preservation: A test for selective degradation under oxic conditions},
	journal = {American Journal of Science},
	volume = {299},
	year = {1999},
	note = {263rmTimes Cited:194Cited References Count:104},
	month = {Sep-Nov},
	pages = {529-555},
	abstract = {We report here a test of the hypothesis that the extent of organic matter preservation in continental margin sediments is controlled by the average period accumulating particles reside in oxic porewater immediately beneath the water/sediment interface. Oxygen penetration depths, organic element compositions, and mineral surface areas were determined for 16 sediment cores collected along an offshore transect across the Washington continental shelf, slope, and adjacent Cascadia Basin. Individual amino acid, sugar, and pollen distributions were analyzed for a 11 to 12 cm horizon from each core, and (14)C-based sediment accumulation rates and stable carbon isotope compositions were determined from depth profiles within a subset of six cores from representative sites. Sediment accumulation rates decreased, and dissolved O(2) penetration depths increased offshore along the sampling transect. As a result, oxygen exposure times (OET) increased seaward from decades (mid-shelf and upper slope) to more than a thousand years (outer Cascadia Basin). Organic contents and compositions were essentially constant within individual sediment cores but varied consistently with location. In particular, organic carbon/surface area ratios decreased progressively offshore and with increasing OET. Three independent compositional parameters demonstrated that the remnant organic matter in farther offshore sediments is more degraded. Both concentration and compositional patterns indicated that sedimentary organic matter exhibits a distinct and reproducible "oxic effect" OET helps integrate and explain organic matter preservation in accumulating continental margin sediments and hence provides a useful tool for assessing transfer of organic matter from the biosphere to the geosphere.},
	issn = {0002-9599},
	doi = {10.2475/ajs.299.7-9.529},
	author = {Hedges, J. I. and Hu, F. S. and Devol, A. H. and Hartnett, H. E. and Tsamakis, E. and Keil, R. G.}
}
@article {824,
	title = {The uptake of carbon during alteration of ocean crust},
	journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {63},
	year = {1999},
	note = {221egTimes Cited:188Cited References Count:45},
	month = {May},
	pages = {1527-1535},
	abstract = {The distributions and abundances of alteration types and carbonate minerals in sections of upper ocean crust have been measured in order to determine the carbon budget in altered ocean crust. Our results show that the ocean crust is a sink for carbon, with an annual storage rate of 3.4 x 10(12) mol C y(-1), in close agreement with a previous estimate by Staudigel et al. (1989). This surpasses the total production rate of carbon in new oceanic crust and, besides accounting for uptake of all CO2 lost via degassing at MOR, results in a net sink in the oceanic crust of 1.5-2.4 x 10(12) mol C y(-1). This sink is significant for global carbon budgets, and subduction of altered ocean crust may be an important source of CO2 to the atmosphere and/or recycling into the mantle. The bulk CO2 content of the crust decreases with depth, with most of the carbon taken up in the permeable upper few hundred meters of the volcanic section at low temperatures (0-60 degrees C) during aging of crust away from spreading ridges. The abundances of carbonate veins and the bulk CO2 contents of the upper crust are greater in older (110-165 Ma) than younger (6Ma) crust, suggesting progressive uptake of carbon by the upper ocean crust. Precipitation of carbonates within the crust is essentially complete within 100 Ma, and perhaps as soon as a few tens of million years after formation of the crust. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00123-4},
	author = {Alt, J. C. and Teagle, D. A. H.}
}
@article {2251,
	title = {A 25,000-year tropical climate history from bolivian ice cores},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {282},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ThompsonDavis
Mosley-Thompson
Sowers
Henderson
Zagorodnov
Lin
Mikhalenko
Campen
Bolzan
Cole-Dai
Francou
eng
1998/12/04 03:02
Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1858-64.
},
	month = {Dec 04},
	pages = {1858-64},
	abstract = {Ice cores that were recovered from the summit of Sajama mountain in Bolivia provide carbon-14-dated tropical records and extend to the Late Glacial Stage (LGS). Oxygen isotopic ratios of the ice decreased 5.4 per mil between the early Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum, which is consistent with values from other ice cores. The abrupt onset and termination of a Younger Dryas-type event suggest atmospheric processes as the probable drivers. Regional accumulation increased during the LGS, during deglaciation, and over the past 3000 years, which is concurrent with higher water levels in regional paleolakes. Unlike polar cores, Sajama glacial ice contains eight times less dust than the Holocene ice, which reflects wetter conditions and extensive snow cover.},
	isbn = {1095-9203 (Electronic)0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.282.5395.1858},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9836630},
	author = {Thompson, L. G. and Davis, M. E. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Sowers, T. A. and Henderson, K. A. and Zagorodnov, V. S. and Lin, P. and Mikhalenko, V. N. and Campen, R. K. and Bolzan, J. F. and Cole-Dai, J. and Francou, B.}
}
@article {837,
	title = {CO2 fluxes from mid-ocean ridges, arcs and plumes},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {145},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Zv404Times Cited:212Cited References Count:109},
	month = {Apr 15},
	pages = {233-248},
	abstract = {Estimates of CO2 emissions at spreading centres, convergent margins, and plumes have been reviewed and upgraded using observed CO2/He-3 ratios in magmatic volatiles, He-3 content estimates in the magmatic sources, and magma emplacement rates in the different tectonic settings. The effect of volatile fractionation during magma degassing, investigated using new rare gas and CO2 abundances determined simultaneously for a suite of Mid-Ocean Ridge (MOR) basalt glasses, is not the major factor controlling the spread of data, which mainly result from volatile heterogeneity in the mantle source. The computed C flux at ridges (2.2 +/- 0.9) x 10(12) mol/a, is essentially similar to previous estimates based on a mon restricted data base. Variation of the C flux in the past can be simply scaled to that of spreading rate since the computed C depends mainly on the volatile content of the mantle source, which can be considered constant during the last 10(8) a. The flux of CO2 from arcs may be approximated using the CO2/He-3 ratios of volcanic gases at arcs and the magma emplacement rate, assuming that the He-3 content of the mantle end-member is that of the MORE source. The resulting flux is similar to 2.5 x 10(12) mol/a, with approx. 80\% of carbon being derived from the subducting plate. The flux of CO2 from plumes, based on time-averaged magma production rates and on estimated contributions of geochemical sources to plume magmatism, is less than or equal to 3 x 10(12) mol/a. Significant enhancements of the CO2 flux from plumes might have occurred in the past during giant magma emplacements, depending on the duration of these events, although the time-integrated effect does not appear important. The global magmatic flux of CO2 into the atmosphere and the hydrosphere is found to be 6 x 10(12) mol/a, with a range of (4-10) x 10(12) mol/a. Improvement on the precision of this estimate is linked to a better understanding of the volatile inventory at arcs on one hand, and on the dynamics of plumes and their mantle source contribution on the other hand. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0009-2541},
	doi = {10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00145-9},
	author = {Marty, B. and Tolstikhin, I. N.}
}
@article {2264,
	title = {Isotopic Biogeochemistry of the Neocomian Lacustrine and Upper Aptian Marine-Evaporitic Sediments of the Potiguar Basin, Northeastern Brazil},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {28},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1729},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {361-382},
	author = {Neto, Eugenio Vaz dos Santos and Hayes, John M. and Takaki, Tikae}
}
@article {2263,
	title = {Paleoclimatic Assessment of Cretaceous Lacustrine and Marine-Evaporitic Sequences from the Potiguar Basin Based on the Hydrogen Isotopic Compositions of Saturated Hydrocarbons},
	journal = {Revista Latino Americana de Geoquimica Ogranica},
	volume = {4},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1776},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {5-24},
	author = {Neto, Eugenio Vaz dos Santos and Hayes, John M. and Takaki, Tikae}
}
@article {2291,
	title = {Carbon isotopic fractionation associated with lipid biosynthesis by a cyanobacterium: relevance for interpretation of biomarker records},
	journal = {Geochim Cosmochim Acta},
	volume = {61},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Sakata, SHayes, J M
McTaggart, A R
Evans, R A
Leckrone, K J
Togasaki, R K
eng
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
1997/01/01 00:00
Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 1997;61(24):5379-89.
},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {5379-89},
	abstract = {For the cyanobacterium Synechocystis UTEX 2470, grown photoautotrophically to a logarithmic stage of growth, the total lipid extract is depleted in 13C by 4.8\% relative to average biomass. Depletions observed for acetogenic (straight-chain) lipids range from 7.6 (hexadecanoic acid) to 9.9\% (a C16 n-alkyl chain bound in a polar-lipid fraction), with a mass-weighted average of 9.1\%. Polyisoprenoid lipids fall into two isotopic groups, with phytol, diplopterol, and diploptene depleted by 6.4-6.9\% and bishomohopanol (produced from the extracts by the preparative degradation of bacteriohopanepolyol) depleted by 8.4\%. Analysis of the pattern of depletions indicates that two carbon positions in each C5 biomonomer leading to polyisoprenoid products are probably depleted in 13C relative to average biomass. The depletion of bacteriohopanepolyol relative to other polyisoprenoids can be ascribed to changes that occur over the life of each cell: (1) the 13C content of carbon flowing to lipid biosynthesis decreases as the cell size increases and (2) a greater proportion of the bacteriohopanepolyol which, unlike other polyisoprenoids, is present mainly in the cytoplasm rather than in membranes and is synthesized when cells are larger. Chlorophyll a is depleted relative to average biomass by O.7\%. Given the observed depletion of 13C in phytol, the heteroaromatic, chlorophyllide portion of chlorophyll must be enriched in 13C by 2.7\%. This enrichment is large relative to that in chlorophyllides produced by eukaryotes and may be related to a parallel enrichment of 13C in cyanobacterial glutamic acid. As in many previous investigations of cyanobacterial lipids, long-chain n-alkanes (C22-C29) are found in the extracts. They are, however, enriched in 13C relative to biomass and have isotopic compositions suggesting that they are contaminants of petrochemical origin. Available results indicate that cyanobacterial lipids will be depleted relative to dissolved CO2 that has served as a carbon source by 22-30\% and that a wider range of depletions will be characteristic of eukaryotic products. The absence of long-chain n-alkanes in cyanobacteria reduces the possibility that petroleum ever formed from pre-eukaryotic sedimentary debris.},
	keywords = {*Biomass, Acetic Acid/metabolism, Alkanes/*analysis/chemistry, Biomarkers/chemistry, carbon isotopes, Carbon/*chemistry, Chlorophyll/metabolism, Cyanobacteria/chemistry/*metabolism, Geologic Sediments/*chemistry, Lipids/*biosynthesis, NASA Discipline Exobiology, Non-NASA Center, Palmitic Acid/metabolism, Phytol/metabolism, Pigments, Biological/metabolism},
	isbn = {0016-7037 (Print)0016-7037 (Linking)
},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11540730},
	author = {Sakata, S. and Hayes, J. M. and McTaggart, A. R. and Evans, R. A. and Leckrone, K. J. and Togasaki, R. K.}
}
@article {2297,
	title = {Holocene Evolution of Lake Erie Environments},
	journal = {Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs},
	volume = {29},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 250},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {A38},
	author = {McCambridge, C. and Barrera, E. and Tevesz, M. and Fuller, J.}
}
@conference {1667,
	title = {Late Plains Woodland Occupation of the Kirschenman III Site in the James River Valley, North Dakota},
	booktitle = {1997 Plains Conference, 55th Annual Meeting of the Plains Anthropological Society},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 204},
	month = {1997},
	address = {Boulder, CO},
	author = {Toom, Dennis L.}
}
@article {2284,
	title = {Postglacial relative sea level history from sediment and diatom rcords of emerged coastal lakes, north-central Kola Peninsula, Russia},
	journal = {Boreas},
	volume = {26},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 379},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {329-346},
	author = {Snyder, J. A. and Forman, S. L. and Mode, W. N. and Tarasov, G. A.}
}
@article {2305,
	title = {Preliminary results of the first scientific drilling on Lake Baikal, Buguldeika site, southeastern Siberia},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {37},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Vq100Times Cited:44
Cited References Count:29
},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {3-17},
	abstract = {The Baikal Drilling Project (BDP) is a multinational effort to investigate the paleoclimatic history and tectonic evolution of the Baikal sedimentary basin during the Late Neogene. In March 1993 the Baikal drilling system was successfuly deployed from a barge frozen into position over a topographic high, termed the Buguldeika saddle, in the southern basin of Lake Baikal. The BDP-93 scientific team, made up of Russian, American and Japanese scientists, successfully recovered the first long (>100 m) hydraulic piston cores from two holes in 354 m of water. High quality cores of 98 m (Hole 1) and 102 m (Hole 2), representing sedimentation over the last 500,000 years, were collected in 78 mm diameter plastic liners with an average recovery of 72\% and 90\%, respectively. Magnetic susceptibility logging reveals an excellent hole-to-hole correlation. In this report the scientific team describes the preliminary analytical results from BDP-93 hole 1 cores. Radiocarbon dating by accelerator mass spectrometry provides an accurate chronology for the upper portion of Hole 1. Detailed lithologic characteristics, rock magnetic properties and inorganic element distributions show a significant change to the depositional environment occuring at 50 m subbottom depth, approximately 250,000 BP. This change may be due to uplift and rotation of the horst block in the Buguldeika saddle. The sedimentary section above 50 m is pelitic with varve-like laminae, whereas the section below 50 m contains a high proportion of sand and gravel horizons often organized into turbidite sequences. Accordingly, high resolution seismic records reveal a change in sonic velocity at this depth. It is inferred that sedimentation prior to 250 ka BP was from the west via the Buguldeika river system. After 250 ka BP the Buguldeika saddle reflects an increase in hemipelagic sediments admired with fine-grained material from the Selenga River drainage basin, east of Lake Baikal. Variations in the spore-pollen assemblage, diatoms, biogenic silica content, rock magnetic properties, clay mineralogy and organic carbon in the upper 50 m of BDP-93-1 reveal a detailed record of climate change over approximately the last 250,000 years. These variables alternate in a pattern characteristic of glacial/interglacial climatic fluctuations. The present age model suggests that the climate signal recorded in Lake Baikal sediments is similar to Late Quaternary signals recorded in Chinese loess sections and in marine sediments. Copyright (C) 1996 INQUA/Elsevier Science Ltd},
	keywords = {asia, tectonics},
	isbn = {1040-6182},
	author = {Colman, S. and Grachev, M. and Hearn, P. and Horie, S. and Kawai, T. and Kuzmin, M. and Logachov, N. and Fialkov, V. and Gorigljad, A. and Tomilov, B. and Khakhaev, B. and Kochikov, S. and Lykov, V. and Pevzner, L. and Bucharov, A. and Karabanov, E. and Logachev, N. and Mats, V. and Bardardinov, A. and Baranova, E. and Khlystov, O. and Khrachenko, V. and Shimaraeva, M. and Stolbova, E. and Komakova, E. and Efremova, S. and Gvozdkov, A. and Kravchinski, V. and Peck, J. and Fileva, T. and Kashik, S. and Khramtsova, T. and Kalashnikova, I. and Rasskazova, T. and Tatarnikova, V. and Yuretich, R. and Mazilov, V. and Takemura, K. and Bobrov, V. and Gunicheva, T. and Haraguchi, H. and Ito, S. and Kocho, T. and Kuzmin, M. and Markova, M. and Pampura, V. and Proidakova, O. and Ishiwatari, R. and Sawatari, H. and Takeuchi, A. and Toyoda, K. and Vorobieva, S. and Ikeda, A. and Marui, A. and Nakamura, T. and Ogura, K. and Ohta, T. and King, J. and Sakai, H. and Yokoyama, T. and Hayashida, A. and Bezrukova, E. and Fowell, S. and Fuji, N. and Letunova, P. and Misharina, V. and Miyoshi, N. and Chernyaeva, G. and Ignatova, I. and Likhoshvai, E. and Stoermer, E. and Granina, L. and Levina, O. and Dolgikh, P. and Lazo, F. and Lutskaia, N. and Orem, W. and Wada, E. and Williams, D. and Yamada, K. and Yamada, S. and Callander, E. and Golobokoval, L. and Shanks, P. and Dorofeeva, R. and Duchkov, A.}
}
@article {939,
	title = {Productivity-induced sulphur enrichment of hydrocarbon-rich sediments from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation},
	journal = {Chem Geol},
	volume = {134},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Lallier-Verges, EHayes, J MBoussafir, MZaback, D ATribovillard, N PConnan, JBertrand, PengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tNetherlands1997/01/01 00:00Chem Geol. 1997;134:277-88.},
	pages = {277-88},
	abstract = {This work aims to highlight the relationship between primary productivity, sulphate reduction and organic carbon preservation in cyclic marine sediments from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation. A concomitant increase of the total sulphur content with the preserved organic content (TOC), shows the progressive supply of both metabolisable organic matter and resistant organic matter is linked to primary productivity. However, variations in sulphate reduction efficiency, based on elemental abundance and isotopic composition of sulphur, reveal that the proportion of metabolisable vs. resistant organic matter has varied along the cycles. This is interpreted in terms of the variation in organic delivery. Organic sulphur content is found to be proportional to the organic matter content, whereas concentrations of pyritic sulphur are constant at very high (> 10\% TOC) values. This result is explained by a limitation of available iron for pyritisation at times of very high organic flux. Under such conditions, HS- in excess could be responsible for the early formation of organo-sulphur compounds and thus for the preservation of highly aliphatic (i.e. lipid-rich) organic matter.},
	issn = {0009-2541 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00093-9},
	author = {Lallier-Verges, E. and Hayes, J. M. and Boussafir, M. and Zaback, D. A. and Tribovillard, N. P. and Connan, J. and Bertrand, P.}
}
@article {2434,
	title = {Concentrations of carbonyl compounds and the carbon isotopy of formaldehyde at a coastal site in Nova Scotia during the NARE summer intensive},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: AtmospheresJ. Geophys. Res.},
	volume = {101},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {28961 - 28970},
	keywords = {0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions, 0345 Pollution: urban and regional, 0365 Troposphere: composition and chemistry, 0394 Instruments and techniques},
	isbn = {2156-2202},
	doi = {10.1029/95JD03574},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95JD03574},
	author = {Tanner, Roger L. and Zielinska, Barbara and Uberna, Ewa and Harshfield, Gregory and McNichol, Ann P.}
}
@article {786,
	title = {Concentrations of carbonyl compounds and the carbon isotopy of formaldehyde at a coastal site in Nova Scotia during the NARE summer intensive},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {101},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Vz788Times Cited:38Cited References Count:42},
	month = {Dec 20},
	pages = {28961-28970},
	abstract = {The concentrations of gaseous atmospheric carbonyl compounds have been measured at a coastal site on the southern tip of Nova Scotia during August 1993 as part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration{\textquoteright}s North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE) summer intensive. The DNPH-cartridge technique was used for sampling, with analysis by HPLC with UV absorbance detection. The carbon isotopic content of formaldehyde was measured using a novel collection technique on bisulfite-coated fillers followed by accelerator mass spectrometric determination of C-14 content and C-13/C-12 isotopic ratios. Results from this study indicate that quantifiable levels above about 100 parts per trillion by volume were found at the Chebogue Point, Nova Scotia, site for several carbonyls, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, propionaldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone, and benzaldehyde, for most 6-hour sampling periods. Six-hour averaged formaldehyde levels of <0.5 to about 3.5 parts per billion were found during periods of local influence and during influence of continental air masses crossing eastern Canada and northeastern US. In contrast, background levels of formaldehyde of 200-400 pptv were found under conditions of predominantly marine back trajectories. Large fractions of contemporary carbon (of the order of 80\%) were found in collected formaldehyde samples for all transport regimes and formaldehyde concentrations, suggesting that biogenic sources of hydrocarbon precursors to formaldehyde predominated during the summer season.},
	issn = {2169-897x},
	doi = {10.1029/95jd03574},
	author = {Tanner, R. L. and Zielinska, B. and Uberna, E. and Harshfield, G. and McNichol, A. P.}
}
@article {2330,
	title = {Initial results from paleoclimatic drilling and geophysical studies of Washoe Lake, Nevada},
	journal = {USGS Circular 1119, Water Resources Division},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 1245},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {37-38},
	author = {Karlin, R. and Trexler, J. and Petersen, R.}
}
@mastersthesis {1339,
	title = {Late Quaternary stratigraphy, sea-level history and paleoclimatology of the southeast Florida outer continental shelf, Thesis},
	volume = {Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {280},
	school = {University of South Florida},
	address = {St. Petersburg, FL},
	author = {Toscano, M. A.}
}
@inbook {1464,
	title = {Recession of the late Wisconsinan Ice Sheet from the northwestern White Mountains, New Hampshire (Book Section)},
	booktitle = {New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference Guidebook for Field Trips in Northern New Hampshire and Adjacent regions of Maine and Vermont},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 18},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {203-234},
	author = {Thompson, W. B. and Fowler, B. K. and Flanagan, S. M. and Dorion, C. C.},
	editor = {Van Baalen, M. R.}
}
@article {2310,
	title = {Seasonal oxygen depletion in continental-shelf waters of Louisiana; historical record of benthic foraminifers},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {24},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 85},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {227-230},
	author = {Sen Gupta, B. K. and Turner, R. E. and Rabalais, N. N.}
}
@article {1025,
	title = {TIMS U-Th dated early Holocene sea-level record from submerged fossil reefs, southeast Florida margin},
	journal = {Abstracts with Programs--Geological Society of America},
	volume = {28},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 1263},
	pages = {497},
	author = {Lundberg, J. and Toscano, M. A.}
}
@conference {1553,
	title = {Age and paleoclimate of submerged late Pleistocene reef system, Southeast Florida shelf; implications for substage 5A sea level},
	booktitle = {Geological Society of America, 1995 annual meeting},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 1242; 6},
	month = {1995},
	pages = {448},
	address = {New Orleans, LA},
	author = {Toscano, M. A. and Lundberg, J. and Hine, A. C.}
}
@conference {962,
	title = {A first look at changes in Pacific 14C levels between GEOSECS and WOCE},
	booktitle = {International Association for the Physical Sciences of Oceans, General Assembly, 5-12 August 1995, Honolulu, Hawaii},
	volume = {130},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 40},
	month = {1995},
	publisher = { 	International Association for the Physical Sciences of Oceans (IAPSO)},
	organization = { 	International Association for the Physical Sciences of Oceans (IAPSO)},
	address = {Honolulu, Hawaii},
	author = {Key, R. M. and Toggweiler, J. R.}
}
@article {855,
	title = {A Sea-Level Rise Curve from Guilford, Connecticut, USA},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {124},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Rl477Times Cited:71Cited References Count:81},
	month = {May},
	pages = {137-159},
	abstract = {High-resolution stratigraphic studies based on sediment chemistry, lithology, macroflora, and benthic foraminiferal assemblages in three peat cores from coastal salt marshes at Guilford, Connecticut, show that coastal marshes are ephemeral environments. Marsh-wide environmental variations were common, and century-long episodes of relative submergence alternated with emergence. Despite about 2 m of relative sea-level rise (RSLR) in Connecticut over the last 1500 years, the marshes have expanded both landwards and seawards, and marsh accretion has been outpaced only marginally by RSLR.We used radiocarbon dating and the level of anthropogenic markers (metal pollution, as dated with Pb-210) in the cores for age control. For most of the last 1000 years the rate of RSLR was between 1.3 and 1.8 mm/yr, but over the last 300-400 years it increased to 2.9-3.3 mm/yr, and has been faster than the accretion rate, especially in the middle marsh. The net-submergence rate or {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}submergence index{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} (ratio of the rate of RSLR and marsh-accretion rate) averaged about 1.15 over the last 1000 years, and increased to about 1.5 over the last 200 years.The rate of RSLR was very sluggish during the early part of the Little Ice Age, but we found a slightly higher rate during the Little Climate Optimum; this excursion is close to the noise level, however. The most significant observation is that RSLR increased strongly around A.D. 1650. The onset of this acceleration falls in the middle to end of the Little Ice Age, and thus preceded the period of modern global warming that started late last century and that has been tentatively correlated with anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/0025-3227(95)00037-Y},
	author = {Nydick, K. R. and Bidwell, A. B. and Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C.}
}
@article {2351,
	title = {Systematic decrease of high delta 13C values with burial in late archaean (2.8 Ga) diagenetic dolomite: evidence for methanogenesis from the Crixas Greenstone Belt, Brazil},
	journal = {Precambrian Research},
	volume = {70},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 1589},
	month = {1995},
	pages = {253-268},
	author = {Dix, G. R. and Thomson, M. L. and Longstaffe, F. J. and McNutt, R. H.}
}
@article {2363,
	title = {Analysis of a large hydrochemical data base for the Death Valley region, Nevada and California},
	journal = {Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {75},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 1286},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {309},
	author = {Perfect, D. L. and Steinkampf, W. C. and Turner, A. K.}
}
@article {961,
	title = {The Deep-water Radiocarbon Minimum in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean; Early WOCE Results},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union; Ocean Sciences Mtg., San Diego, Feb.21-25, 1994},
	volume = {75},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 912},
	pages = {182},
	author = {Key, R. M. and Toggweiller, J. R.}
}
@article {2385,
	title = {Glacial/interglacial slope sedimentation changes on the Pleistocene NJ margin, ODP Site 904A},
	journal = {Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {75},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 54},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {205},
	author = {Christensen, B. A. and Thunell, R. and Miller, K. G. and Smith, N. and Cockrell, K.}
}
@article {2386,
	title = {High resolution sediment changes on the Pleistocene NJ upper slope},
	journal = {Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {75},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 53},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {348},
	author = {Christensen, B. A. and Hoppie, B. W. and Miller, K. G. and Thunell, R. C. and Le, J.}
}
@article {2364,
	title = {Hydrochemical data base for the Death Valley region, California and Nevada},
	journal = {Open-File Report--U. S. Geological Survey},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 1287},
	month = {1994},
	author = {Perfect, D. L. and Faunt, C. C. and Steinkampf, W. C. and Turner, A. K.}
}
@article {964,
	title = {First results in from Pacific 14C Program},
	journal = {WOCE Notes},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1993},
	note = {id: 39},
	pages = {1-8},
	author = {Key, R. M. and Toggweiler, J. R.}
}
@article {1369,
	title = {Neo-Atlantic Climatic Episode and the Middle Missouri Villagers},
	year = {1993},
	note = {id: 918},
	month = {1993},
	pages = {89},
	author = {Toom, D. L.}
}
@article {963,
	title = {Progress report for the WOCE radiocarbon program},
	journal = {WOCE Notes},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1993},
	note = {id: 322},
	author = {Key, R. M. and Toggweiler, J. R.}
}
