@article {fu_methodological_2024,
	title = {A methodological review of compound-specific radiocarbon analysis for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental matrices},
	journal = {Environmental Pollution},
	volume = {350},
	year = {2024},
	month = {06/2024},
	pages = {124050},
	abstract = {Identifying the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in complex environmental matrices is essential for understanding the impact of combustion-related human activities on the environment. Since the turn of the century, advances in analytical capability and accuracy of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) have made it possible to accurately determine the source apportionment of PAHs based on their radiocarbon (14C) mass conservation. This also allows us to trace the environmental transport processes of PAHs from the perspective of molecular 14C. However, natural environmental matrices have very low concentrations of PAHs (ppb to ppm level). To meet the requirements of carbon weight for 14C measurement by AMS, trace PAHs in complex environmental matrices must be enriched thousands of times, and then higher purity individual PAH molecules should be obtained through a series of complex purification procedures. Therefore, the technical difficulty is the main challenge in expanding the application of compound-specific 14C analysis in environmental science. This article reviews the detailed pretreatment procedures for 14C measurement of specific PAHs, including sample enrichment, extraction and purification of aromatic components, preparation of compound-specific PAHs by preparative capillary gas chromatography, graphitization of samples with ultra-small carbon content, and relevant quality control and assurance procedures. This study aims to help environmental geoscientists understand the technical process of 14C analysis of PAHs and inspire new scientific questions related to environmental science. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review of the technical method of compound-specific 14C analysis for PAHs.},
	keywords = {Analytical method, pretreatment, Quality assurance and control},
	issn = {0269-7491},
	doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124050},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749124007644},
	author = {Fu, Yu and Zhang, Rui and Rong, Shaopeng and Wu, Yuling and Wu, Ying and Ya, Miaolei}
}
@article {saravanan_reconstructing_2024,
	title = {Reconstructing hypoxia on the eastern Arabian sea continental shelf during the past \~{}7400 years: A multi-proxy approach},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	year = {2024},
	abstract = {Shallow-sea environmental variations in the eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) have been related to monsoon variability, poorly ventilated intermediate water, and primary productivity changes. To understand these conditions, benthic foraminiferal assemblages, oxygen isotope ratios, and total organic carbon content have been examined in sediment Core SK291/GC13 from the EAS. We aim to retrieve decadal to centennial time-scale changes in past oxygenation and paleoproductivity during the last 7400 calibrated years before the present (cal yr BP). Our proxy data suggest that the oxic benthic foraminifera species were dominant during \~{}7400{\textendash}6000~cal~yr BP. The change from oxic to dysoxic occurred during ca. 6000{\textendash}3500~cal~yr BP, and transition from dysoxic to suboxic environmental conditions happened at ca. \~{}3500~cal~yr BP. These changes are contemporaneous with weakening of the Indian summer monsoon beginning at \~{}5500~cal~yr BP which culminated into a major arid phase so-called ca 4.2 ka event in the Indian subcontinent. The EAS experienced low productivity during the early phase of our studied interval (\~{}7400{\textendash}6000~cal~yr BP) and higher productivity in the middle Holocene (6000{\textendash}3000~cal~yr BP), as revealed by the total organic carbon and benthic assemblages. Furthermore, productivity increased in the warm period and decreased in the Little Ice Age on a decadal scale. The spectral analysis of total organic content and suboxic species indicates a 23-year Hale (solar) cycle during the last millennium, indicating a close relationship between solar activity and monsoon variability. The strengthening of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation perhaps amplified due to increased solar activity in the last millennium, which influenced the climate of the EAS. The study highlights paleo-oxygenation shifts based on benthic foraminiferal assemblages, which are crucial for understanding changes in the oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) and their potential impacts on marine ecosystems.},
	keywords = {Benthic assemblages, Goa coast, Hale cycle, Little ice age, Oxygen minimum zone, Suboxic environment},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2024.05.007},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618224001630},
	author = {Saravanan, Ponnusamy and Gupta, Anil K. and Li, Xiangzhong and Zheng, Hongbo and Panigrahi, Mruganka K.}
}
@article {zhou_authigenic_2023,
	title = {Authigenic uranium deposition in the glacial North Atlantic: Implications for changes in oxygenation, carbon storage, and deep water-mass geometry},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {300},
	year = {2023},
	month = {01/2023},
	pages = {107914},
	abstract = {Oxygen in the ocean has essential ecological and climatic functions, and can be an important indicator of deep-ocean ventilation and carbon storage. Previous studies are divided on whether the subsurface North Atlantic, which today is well-oxygenated, had higher or lower oxygen levels during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Crucially, the limited number of previous reconstructions precludes any conclusions regarding basin-wide patterns in past changes in oxygenation. Authigenic uranium in deep-sea sediments is a sensitive redox tracer that can shed light on bottom water oxygen. Here, we leverage published and new U- and Th-series isotope measurements from North Atlantic sediments to calculate the mass accumulation rate of authigenic uranium (aU MAR) during the Holocene and the LGM. We find that greater aU burial, reflecting lower-than-Holocene oxygen levels and correspondingly greater respired carbon storage, were persistent features of the LGM in the deep North Atlantic. The eastern basin was substantially less well-oxygenated than the western basin. This zonal contrast is possibly related to the farther advance and greater infilling to the east of the mid-Atlantic Ridge of deep waters originating from the Southern Ocean. An alternative explanation is the different residence time in the two basins of deep waters originating from the subpolar North Atlantic. Previous compilations of two nutrient tracers, δ13C and CdW, are consistent with the varying-deep-circulation interpretation of our aU MAR dataset. The observed threshold behavior of aU or the pattern of export productivity, especially at high latitudes, may also have enhanced this west-east difference.},
	keywords = {Authigenic uranium, Bottom water oxygen, Last glacial maximum, North Atlantic},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107914},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379122005455},
	author = {Zhou, Y. and McManus, J. F.}
}
@article {chu_earthquake-enhanced_2023,
	title = {Earthquake-enhanced dissolved carbon cycles in ultra-deep ocean sediments},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2023},
	month = {09/2023},
	pages = {5427},
	abstract = {Hadal trenches are unique geological and ecological systems located along subduction zones. Earthquake-triggered turbidites act as efficient transport pathways of organic carbon (OC), yet remineralization and transformation of OC in these systems are not comprehensively understood. Here we measure concentrations and stable- and radiocarbon isotope signatures of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC, DIC) in the subsurface sediment interstitial water along the Japan Trench axis collected during the IODP Expedition 386. We find accumulation and aging of DOC and DIC in the subsurface sediments, which we interpret as enhanced production of labile dissolved carbon owing to earthquake-triggered turbidites, which supports intensive microbial methanogenesis in the trench sediments. The residual dissolved carbon accumulates in deep subsurface sediments and may continue to fuel the deep biosphere. Tectonic events can therefore enhance carbon accumulation and stimulate carbon transformation in plate convergent trench systems, which may accelerate carbon export into the subduction zones., Earthquakes enhance dissolved carbon production and fuel the microbial activities in hadal trench subsurface sediments, and ultimately strengthen carbon accumulation and transformation in the subduction zones.},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-41116-w},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41116-w},
	author = {Chu, Mengfan and Bao, Rui and Strasser, Michael and Ikehara, Ken and Everest, Jez and Maeda, Lena and Hochmuth, Katharina and Xu, Li and McNichol, Ann and Bellanova, Piero and Rasbury, Troy and K{\"o}lling, Martin and Riedinger, Natascha and Johnson, Joel and Luo, Min and M{\"a}rz, Christian and Straub, Susanne and Jitsuno, Kana and Brunet, Morgane and Cai, Zhirong and Cattaneo, Antonio and Hsiung, Kanhsi and Ishizawa, Takashi and Itaki, Takuya and Kanamatsu, Toshiya and Keep, Myra and Kioka, Arata and McHugh, Cecilia and Micallef, Aaron and Pandey, Dhananjai and Proust, Jean No{\"e}l and Satoguchi, Yasufumi and Sawyer, Derek and Seibert, Chlo{\'e} and Silver, Maxwell and Virtasalo, Joonas and Wang, Yonghong and Wu, Ting-Wei and Zellers, Sarah}
}
@article {pigati_independent_2023,
	title = {Independent age estimates resolve the controversy of ancient human footprints at White Sands},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {382},
	number = {6666},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science},
	month = {10/2023},
	pages = {73{\textendash}75},
	abstract = {Human footprints at White Sands National Park, New Mexico, USA, reportedly date to between \textasciitilde23,000 and 21,000 years ago according to radiocarbon dating of seeds from the aquatic plant Ruppia cirrhosa. These ages remain controversial because of potential old carbon reservoir effects that could compromise their accuracy. We present new calibrated 14C ages of terrestrial pollen collected from the same stratigraphic horizons as those of the Ruppia seeds, along with optically stimulated luminescence ages of sediments from within the human footprint{\textendash}bearing sequence, to evaluate the veracity of the seed ages. The results show that the chronologic framework originally established for the White Sands footprints is robust and reaffirm that humans were present in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum.},
	doi = {10.1126/science.adh5007},
	url = {https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adh5007},
	author = {Pigati, Jeffrey S. and Springer, Kathleen B. and Honke, Jeffrey S. and Wahl, David and Champagne, Marie R. and ZIMMERMAN, SUSAN R. H. and Gray, Harrison J. and Santucci, Vincent L. and Odess, Daniel and Bustos, David and Bennett, Matthew R.}
}
@article {2956,
	title = {Black carbon and organic carbon dataset over the Third Pole},
	journal = {Earth System Science Data},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-01-2022},
	pages = {683 - 707},
	abstract = {Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings, also known as the Third Pole, play an important role in the global and regional climate and hydrological cycle. Carbonaceous aerosols (CAs), including black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC), can directly or indirectly absorb and scatter solar radiation and change the energy balance on the Earth. CAs, along with the other atmospheric pollutants (e.g., mercury), can be frequently transported over long distances into the inland Tibetan Plateau. During the last decades, a coordinated monitoring network and research program named {\textquotedblleft}Atmospheric Pollution and Cryospheric Changes{\textquotedblright} (APCC) has been gradually set up and continuously operated within the Third Pole regions to investigate the linkage between atmospheric pollutants and cryospheric changes. This paper presents a systematic dataset of BC, OC, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) from aerosols (20 stations), glaciers (17 glaciers, including samples from surface snow and ice, snow pits, and 2 ice cores), snow cover (2 stations continuously observed and 138 locations surveyed once), precipitation (6 stations), and lake sediment cores (7 lakes) collected across the Third Pole, based on the APCC program. These data were created based on online (in situ) and laboratory measurements. High-resolution (daily scale) atmospheric-equivalent BC concentrations were obtained by using an Aethalometer (AE-33) in the Mt. Everest (Qomolangma) region, which can provide new insight into the mechanism of BC transportation over the Himalayas. Spatial distributions of BC, OC, WSOC, and WIOC from aerosols, glaciers, snow cover, and precipitation indicated different features among the different regions of the Third Pole, which were mostly influenced by emission sources, transport pathways, and deposition processes. Historical records of BC from ice cores and lake sediment cores revealed the strength of the impacts of human activity since the Industrial Revolution. BC isotopes from glaciers and aerosols identified the relative contributions of biomass and fossil fuel combustion to BC deposition on the Third Pole. Mass absorption cross sections of BC and WSOC from aerosol, glaciers, snow cover, and precipitation samples were also provided. This updated dataset is released to the scientific communities focusing on atmospheric science, cryospheric science, hydrology, climatology, and environmental science. The related datasets are presented in the form of excel files. BC and OC datasets over the Third Pole are available to download from the National Cryosphere Desert Data Center (https://doi.org/10.12072/ncdc.NIEER.db0114.2021; Kang and Zhang, 2021).},
	doi = {10.5194/essd-14-683-2022},
	url = {https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/14/683/2022/},
	author = {Kang, Shichang and Zhang, Yulan and Chen, Pengfei and Guo, Junming and Zhang, Qianggong and Cong, Zhiyuan and Kaspari, Susan and Tripathee, Lekhendra and Gao, Tanguang and Niu, Hewen and Zhong, Xinyue and Chen, Xintong and Hu, Zhaofu and Li, Xiaofei and Li, Yang and Neupane, Bigyan and Yan, Fangping and Rupakheti, Dipesh and Gul, Chaman and Zhang, Wei and Wu, Guangming and Yang, Ling and Wang, Zhaoqing and Li, Chaoliu}
}
@article {2971,
	title = {RADIOCARBON INVESTIGATION OF TWO OLD ELMS FROM ROMANIA},
	journal = {STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABES-BOLYAI CHEMIA},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2022},
	month = {2022},
	pages = {245 - 256},
	abstract = {The paper reports the AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon investigation results of two superlative elms from Romana, the very large field elm of Calafat, with a wood volume of 85 m(3), and the wych elm of Sadova. Two wood samples were extracted from each elm and were analysed by AMS radiocarbon. The oldest dated sample from the elm of Calafat had a radiocarbon date of 350 +/- 19 BP, which corresponds to a calibrated age of 415 +/- 25 years, while the oldest sample from the elm of Sadova had a radiocarbon date of 188 +/- 24 BP, corresponding to a calibrated age of 260 +/- 25 years. These values indicate high ages for the two elms, namely 430 +/- 25 years or the elm of Calafat and 400 +/- 25 years for the elm of Sadova.},
	keywords = {Age, Age determination, AMS radiocarbon dating, BAOBABS, carbon, dendrochronology, PEDUNCULATE OAK, PERFORMANCE, Romania, Trees, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus minor},
	isbn = {1224-7154},
	doi = {10.24193/subbchem.2022.1.16},
	url = {http://chem.ubbcluj.ro/~studiachemia/issues/chemia2022_1/16Patrut_etal_245_256.pdf},
	author = {Patrut, A and Patrut, RT and Bocos-Bintintan, V and Ratiu, IA and Rakosy, L and Zdrob, G and Vanca, E and von Reden, KF}
}
@article {3005,
	title = {Sediment Accumulation and Carbon Burial in Four Hadal Trench Systems},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {n/a},
	year = {2022},
	note = {<p>e2022JG006814 2022JG006814</p>},
	month = {09/2022},
	pages = {e2022JG006814},
	abstract = {Hadal trenches are considered to act as depocenters for organic material, although pathways for the material transport and deposition rates are poorly constrained. Here we assess focusing, deposition and accumulation of material and organic carbon in four hadal trench systems underlying different surface ocean productivities; the eutrophic Atacama and Kuril-Kamchatka trenches, the mesotrophic Kermadec trench and the oligotrophic Mariana Trench. The study is based on the distributions of naturally occurring 210Pbex, 137Cs and total organic carbon from recovered sediment cores and by applying previously quantified benthic mineralization rates. Periods of steady deposition and discreet mass-wasting deposits were identified from the profiles and the latter were associated with historic recorded seismic events in the respective regions. During periods without mass wasting, the estimated focusing factors along trench axes were elevated, suggesting more or less continuous downslope focusing of material towards the interior of the trenches. The estimated organic carbon deposition rates during these periods exhibited extensive site-specific variability, but were generally similar to values encountered at much shallower settings such as continental slopes and margins. Organic carbon deposition rates during periods of steady deposition were not mirrored by surface ocean productivity, but appeared confounded by local bathymetry. The inclusion of deposition mediated by mass-wasting events enhanced the sediment and organic carbon accumulations for the past \~{}150 years by up to a factor of \~{}4. Thus, due to intensified downslope material focusing and infrequent mass-wasting events, hadal trenches are important sites for deposition and sequestration of organic carbon in the deep sea.},
	keywords = {focusing factor, Hadal trench, mass accumulation rate, mass-wasting event, organic carbon deposition rate, radionuclides},
	isbn = {2169-8961},
	doi = {10.1029/2022JG006814},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022JG006814},
	author = {Oguri, Kazumasa and Masqu{\'e}, Pere and Zabel, Matthias and Stewart, Heather A. and MacKinnon, Gillian and Rowden, Ashley A. and Berg, Peter and Wenzh{\"o}fer, Frank and Glud, Ronnie N.}
}
@article {2952,
	title = {Terrestrial organic carbon age and reactivity in the Yellow River fueling efficient preservation in marine sediments},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {585},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-05-2022},
	pages = {117515},
	abstract = {The Yellow River is one of the largest suppliers of sediments and organic carbon (OC) to the ocean. Previous studies have revealed that OC transported by the Yellow River largely derives from the erosion of the Chinese Loess Plateau, which is dominated by pre-aged soil carbon and could be efficiently preserved in marine sediments. Here, we used ramped oxidation radiocarbon analysis (RPO-14C) to characterize the age and reactivity distribution of OC in two Yellow River suspended sediment samples and six Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea (BS{\textendash}YS) surface sediments from a transect along the sediment transport pathway. RPO-14C independently characterizes the full spectrum of OC thermal stability and isotope compositions to reveal the source, age and reactivity structure of OC transported by the Yellow River and preserved in Chinese marginal sea sediments. We calculated the activation energy (E) distribution{\textemdash}a proxy for bonding environment and by extension reactivity{\textemdash}which, combined with 14C and stable carbon isotope (δ 13C) compositions, reveals OC origin and stability. Our data suggest that 96\% of OC in Yellow River suspended sediments is biospheric and weathered petrogenic, while unweathered petrogenic OC only accounts for 4\% which is almost an order of magnitude lower than the fossil OC estimates (32\%) based on compound specific 14C analysis. RPO data reveal the prevalence of aged biospheric loess OC in the Yellow River. We use δ 13C, 14C and RPO-derived activation energy data to quantify the contribution of terrestrial OC to surface sediments in the BS{\textendash}YS. The resulting estimates of terrestrial OC proto-burial efficiencies yield an average value of 89 {\textpm} 30\%, revealing overall very high terrestrial OC preservation in the BS{\textendash}YS. Additionally, and somewhat counter intuitively, we find that the preservation of terrestrial OC decreases with increasing E. This pattern may arise from an enhanced preservation of a pre-aged C4 plants derived fraction of the loess-derived OC associated with secondary clays characterized by smaller grain size and higher surface area. Alternatively, the high E component of the Yellow River OC might comprise partially weathered petrogenic carbon, undergoing further mineralization during transport from rivers to marginal sea sediments via marine organic matter priming.},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117515},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012821X22001510},
	author = {Zhang, Yushuang and Galy, Valier and Yu, Meng and Zhang, Hailong and Zhao, Meixun}
}
@article {2921,
	title = {Climate control on terrestrial biospheric carbon turnover},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {118},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Nov-02-2022},
	pages = {e2011585118},
	abstract = {Terrestrial vegetation and soils hold three times more carbon than the atmosphere. Much debate concerns how anthropogenic activity will perturb these surface reservoirs, potentially exacerbating ongoing changes to the climate system. Uncertainties specifically persist in extrapolating point-source observations to ecosystem-scale budgets and fluxes, which require consideration of vertical and lateral processes on multiple temporal and spatial scales. To explore controls on organic carbon (OC) turnover at the river basin scale, we present radiocarbon (C-14) ages on two groups of molecular tracers of plant-derived carbon-leaf-wax lipids and lignin phenols-from a globally distributed suite of rivers. We find significant negative relationships between the C-14 age of these biomarkers and mean annual temperature and precipitation. Moreover, riverine biospheric-carbon ages scale proportionally with basin-wide soil carbon turnover times and soil C-14 ages, implicating OC cycling within soils as a primary control on exported biomarker ages and revealing a broad distribution of soil OC reactivities. The ubiquitous occurrence of a long-lived soil OC pool suggests soil OC is globally vulnerable to perturbations by future temperature and precipitation increase. Scaling of riverine biospheric-carbon ages with soil OC turnover shows the former can constrain the sensitivity of carbon dynamics to environmental controls on broad spatial scales. Extracting this information from fluvially dominated sedimentary sequences may inform past variations in soil OC turnover in response to anthropogenic and/or climate perturbations. In turn, monitoring riverine OC composition may help detect future climate-change-induced perturbations of soil OC turnover and stocks.},
	keywords = {Carbon cycle, carbon turnover times, fluvial carbon, plant biomarkers, radiocarbon},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.2011585118},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349357864_Climate_control_on_terrestrial_biospheric_carbon_turnover},
	author = {Eglinton, Timothy I. and Galy, Valier V. and Hemingway, Jordon D. and Feng, Xiaojuan and Bao, Hongyan and Blattmann, Thomas M. and Dickens, Angela F. and Gies, Hannah and Giosan, Liviu and Haghipour, Negar and Hou, Pengfei and Lupker, Maarten and McIntyre, Cameron P. and Montlu{\c c}on, Daniel B. and Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard and Ponton, Camilo and Schefu{\ss}, Enno and Schwab, Melissa S. and Voss, Britta M. and Wacker, Lukas and Wu, Ying and Zhao, Meixun}
}
@article {2930,
	title = {Coal fly ash is a major carbon flux in the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) basin},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {118},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-05-2023},
	pages = {e1921544118},
	abstract = {Fly ash-the residuum of coal burning-contains a considerable amount of fossilized particulate organic carbon (FOCash) that remains after high-temperature combustion. Fly ash leaks into natural environments and participates in the contemporary carbon cycle, but its reactivity and flux remained poorly understood. We characterized FOCash in the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) basin, China, and quantified the riverine FOCash fluxes. Using Raman spectral analysis, ramped pyrolysis oxidation, and chemical oxidation, we found that FOCash is highly recalcitrant and unreactive, whereas shale-derived FOC (FOCrock) was much more labile and easily oxidized. By combining mass balance calculations and other estimates of fly ash input to rivers, we estimated that the flux of FOCash carried by the Chang Jiang was 0.21 to 0.42 Mt C center dot y-1 in 2007 to 2008-an amount equivalent to 37 to 72\% of the total riverine FOC export. We attributed such high flux to the combination of increasing coal combustion that enhances FOCash production and the massive construction of dams in the basin that reduces the flux of FOCrock eroded from upstream mountainous areas. Using global ash data, a first-order estimate suggests that FOCash makes up to 16\% of the present-day global riverine FOC flux to the oceans. This reflects a substantial impact of anthropogenic activities on the fluxes and burial of fossil organic carbon that has been made less reactive than the rocks from which it was derived.},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1921544118},
	url = {http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.1921544118https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1073/pnas.1921544118http://www.pnas.org/syndication/doi/10.1073/pnas.1921544118},
	author = {Li, Gen K. and Fischer, Woodward W. and Lamb, Michael P. and West, A. Joshua and Zhang, Ting and Galy, Valier and Wang, Xingchen Tony and Li, Shilei and Qiu, Hongrui and Li, Gaojun and Zhao, Liang and Chen, Jun and Ji, Junfeng}
}
@article {3006,
	title = {Enhanced iceberg discharge in the western North Atlantic during all Heinrich events of the last glaciation},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {564},
	year = {2021},
	month = {06/2021},
	pages = {116910},
	abstract = {A series of catastrophic iceberg and meltwater discharges to the North Atlantic, termed Heinrich events, punctuated the last ice age. During Heinrich events, coarse terrigenous debris released from the drifting icebergs was preserved in deep-sea sediments, serving as an indicator of iceberg passage. Quantifying the vertical flux of ice-rafted debris (IRD) in open-ocean settings can resolve questions regarding the timing and spatial variation in ice sheet calving intensity. In this study, 230Thxs-based IRD flux throughout the last glacial period was measured in a deep-sea sediment core from the western North Atlantic, and complemented by data spanning 0-32 ka from a sediment core in the Labrador Sea. The cores were recovered from sites downstream from Hudson Strait, a likely conduit for icebergs calving from the Laurentide ice sheet (LIS). We compare our results with equivalent existing data from the eastern North Atlantic and show that the two cores in our study have higher IRD fluxes during all Heinrich events, notably including events H3 (\~{}31 ka) and H6 (\~{}60 ka). This study demonstrates that the LIS played a role in all Heinrich events, and raises the likelihood that a single mechanism can account for the genesis of these events.},
	keywords = {Heinrich event, IRD flux, thorium normalization, western north atlantic},
	isbn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2021.116910},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X21001692},
	author = {Zhou, Yuxin and McManus, Jerry F. and Jacobel, Allison W. and Costa, Kassandra M. and Wang, Shouyi and Alvarez Caraveo, Blanca}
}
@article {2933,
	title = {Limited Presence of Permafrost Dissolved Organic Matter in the Kolyma River, Siberia Revealed by Ramped Oxidation},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {126},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-07-2021},
	issn = {2169-8953},
	doi = {10.1029/2020JG005977},
	url = {https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000677821700019?AlertId=4d48b20a-7d27-4fa2-a6a8-37f0daa89864\&SID=8EgwPROzuFaD4cTggN2},
	author = {Rogers, Jennifer A. and Galy, Valier and Kellerman, Anne M. and Chanton, Jeffrey P. and Zimov, Nikita and Spencer, Robert G. M.}
}
@article {2936,
	title = {Planktic foraminiferal changes in the western Mediterranean Anthropocene},
	journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
	volume = {204},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-09-2021},
	pages = {103549},
	issn = {09218181},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103549},
	url = {https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000687257000005?AlertId=ab9062f8-b111-4f95-a2b8-66e7afac0471\&SID=7DFRqn1B6A3SRDPNEE8},
	author = {Pallacks, Sven and Ziveri, Patrizia and Martrat, Bel{\'e}n and Mortyn, P. Graham and Grelaud, Michael and Schiebel, Ralf and Incarbona, Alessandro and Garcia-Orellana, Jordi and Anglada-Ortiz, Griselda}
}
@article {2914,
	title = {Carbon cycling in the deep Mariana Trench in the western north Pacific Ocean: Insights from radiocarbon proxy data},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {164},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-10-2020},
	pages = {103370},
	abstract = {The Mariana Trench in the western North Pacific (NP) contains the deepest (11,000 m) point in the ocean and thus remains the least explored environment. Carbon cycling in the deep Mariana Trench is largely unknown and remains a curious mystery. Here, we report radiocarbon (Delta C-14) and stable carbon isotope (delta C-13) compositions of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC and DOC) and sinking particulate organic carbon (POC) for samples collected at 2000 m, 4000 m and 6000 m from the Mariana Trench in the western NP. DOC had much lower Delta C-14 values (-189 parts per thousand to -538 parts per thousand) than DIC (38 parts per thousand to -236 parts per thousand) and POC (11 parts per thousand-38 parts per thousand) at the same depths, indicating the different cycling processes and time scales of different carbon pools. The C-14 ages of DOC were approximately 1700 years and 4400 years older than those of DIC in the surface (2 m) and deep (10,000 m) waters of the Mariana Trench. Both DOC and DIC Delta C-14 values at hadal depths (>6000 m) in the trench are comparable to values at other sites in the deep NP, suggesting that water movement and mixing at hadal depths in the Mariana Trench are active and follow the deep-water circulation patterns of the NP. POC fluxes at the three deep depths showed large variations, but their modern Delta C-14 values indicate that the effective biological pump that drives fresh surface-produced particles to sink rapidly to deep depths in the trench could provide essential food sources for microbial and benthic communities living in an extremely harsh environment of the Mariana Trench.},
	keywords = {carbon cycling, Mariana trench, North pacific ocean, Particle flux, radiocarbon, stable carbon isotope},
	issn = {09670637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2020.103370},
	url = {https://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\&SrcApp=search\&SrcAuth=Alerting\&SID=5FcsGoXKXNO2xQfU7KW\&customersID=Alerting\&mode=FullRecord\&IsProductCode=Yes\&AlertId=4d48b20a-7d27-4fa2-},
	author = {Shan, Sen and Qi, Yuanzhi and Tian, Jiwei and Wang, Xuchen and Luo, Chunle and Zhou, Chun and Zhang, Xiao-Hua and Xin, Yu and Wang, Yonghong}
}
@article {2700,
	title = {Carbon Cycling in the World{\textquoteright}s Deepest Blue Hole},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {125},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-02-2020},
	abstract = {Blue holes are unique geomorphological features with steep biogeochemical gradients and distinctive microbial communities. Carbon cycling in blue holes, however, remains poorly understood. Here we describe potential mechanisms of dissolved carbon cycling in the world{\textquoteright}s deepest blue hole, the Yongle Blue Hole (YBH), which was recently discovered in the South China Sea. In the YBH, we found some of the lowest concentrations (e.g., 22 μM) and oldest ages (e.g., 6,810 years before present) of dissolved organic carbon, as well as the highest concentrations (e.g., 3,090 μM) and the oldest ages (e.g., 8,270 years before present) of dissolved inorganic carbon observed in oceanic waters. Sharp gradients of dissolved oxygen, H2S, and CH4 and changes in bacterially mediated sulfur cycling with depth indicated that sulfur- and/or methane-based metabolisms are closely linked to carbon cycling in the YBH. Our results showed that the YBH is a unique and easily accessible natural laboratory for examining carbon cycling in anoxic systems, which has potential for understanding carbon dynamics in both paleo and modern oceans{\textemdash}particularly in the context of global change.},
	keywords = {anoxia, carbon cycling, dissolved carbon, radiocarbon, sulfur cycling, Yongle blue hole},
	issn = {2169-8953},
	doi = {10.1029/2019JG005307},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2019JG005307},
	author = {Yao, P. and Wang, X. C. and Bianchi, T. S. and Yang, Z. S. and Fu, L. and Zhang, X. H. and Chen, L. and Zhao, B. and Morrison, E. S. and Shields, M. R. and Liu, Y. N. and Bi, N. S. and Qi, Y. Z. and Zhou, S. and Liu, J. W. and Zhang, H. H. and Zhu, C. J. and Yu, Z. G.}
}
@article {2915,
	title = {Dissolved black carbon is not likely a significant refractory organic carbon pool in rivers and oceansAbstract},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-12-2020},
	abstract = {Rivers are the major carriers of dissolved black carbon (DBC) from land to ocean; the sources of DBC during its continuous transformation and cycling in the ocean, however, are not well characterized. Here, we present new carbon isotope data for DBC in four large and two small mountainous rivers, the Yangtze and Yellow river estuaries, the East China Sea and the North Pacific Ocean. We found that the carbon isotope signatures of DBC are relatively homogeneous, and the DBC C-14 ages in rivers are predominantly young and increase during continuous transport and cycling in the ocean. The results of charcoal leaching experiments indicate that DBC is released from charcoal and degraded by bacteria. Our study suggests that riverine DBC is labile and respired during transport and mixing into the ocean and that residual DBC is cycled and aged on the same time scales as bulk DOC in the ocean. Black carbon is a recalcitrant byproduct of biomass burning that ultimately accumulates in oceanic sinks. Here the authors assessed the sources and cycling of dissolved black carbon in rivers and oceans, finding that oceanic pools are cycled and aged on the same time scales as dissolved organic carbon.},
	keywords = {Changjiang, cycle, flux, HUANGHE RIVERS, level, particulate, quantification, radiocarbon, sea},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-18808-8},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18808-8http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18808-8.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18808-8.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18808-8},
	author = {Qi, Yuanzhi and Fu, Wenjing and Tian, Jiwei and Luo, Chunle and Shan, Sen and Sun, Shuwen and Ren, Peng and Zhang, Hongmei and Liu, Jiwen and Zhang, Xiaohua and Wang, Xuchen}
}
@article {2749,
	title = {Holocene earthquake history and slip rate of the southern Teton fault, Wyoming, USAAbstract},
	journal = {GSA Bulletin},
	volume = {132},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-07-2020},
	pages = {1566 - 1586},
	abstract = {The 72-km-long Teton normal fault bounds the eastern base of the Teton Range in northwestern Wyoming, USA. Although geomorphic surfaces along the fault record latest Pleistocene to Holocene fault movement, the postglacial earthquake history of the fault has remained enigmatic. We excavated a paleoseismic trench at the Buffalo Bowl site along the southernmost part of the fault to determine its Holocene rupture history and slip rate. At the site, \~{}6.3 m of displacement postdates an early Holocene (ca. 10.5 ka) alluvial-fan surface. We document evidence of three surface-faulting earthquakes based on packages of scarp-derived colluvium that postdate the alluvial-fan units. Bayesian modeling of radiocarbon and luminescence ages yields earthquake times of ca. 9.9 ka, ca. 7.1 ka, and ca. 4.6 ka, forming the longest, most complete paleoseismic record of the Teton fault. We integrate these data with a displaced deglacial surface 4 km NE at Granite Canyon to calculate a postglacial to mid-Holocene (14.4{\textendash}4.6 ka) slip rate of \~{}1.1 mm/yr. Our analysis also suggests that the postglacial to early Holocene (14.4{\textendash}9.9 ka) slip rate exceeds the Holocene (9.9{\textendash}4.6 ka) rate by a factor of \~{}2 (maximum of 3); however, a uniform rate for the fault is possible considering the 95\% slip-rate errors. The \~{}5 k.y. elapsed time since the last rupture of the southernmost Teton fault implies a current slip deficit of \~{}4{\textendash}5 m, which is possibly explained by spatially/temporally incomplete paleoseismic data, irregular earthquake recurrence, and/or variable per-event displacement. Our study emphasizes the importance of minimizing slip-rate uncertainties by integrating paleoseismic and geomorphic data sets and capturing multiple earthquake cycles.},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/B35363.110.1130/2020020},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article/132/7-8/1566/575767/Holocene-earthquake-history-and-slip-rate-of-the},
	author = {DuRoss, Christopher B. and Gold, Ryan D. and Briggs, Richard W. and Delano, Jaime E. and Ostenaa, Dean A. and Zellman, Mark S. and Cholewinski, Nicole and Wittke, Seth J. and Mahan, Shannon A.}
}
@article {2762,
	title = {Holocene Rupture History of the Central Teton Fault at Leigh Lake, Grand Teton National Park, WyomingABSTRACT},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	volume = {110},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-02-2020},
	pages = {67 - 82},
	abstract = {Prominent scarps on Pinedale glacial surfaces along the eastern base of the Teton Range confirm latest Pleistocene to Holocene surface-faulting earthquakes on the Teton fault, but the timing of these events is only broadly constrained by a single previous paleoseismic study. We excavated two trenches at the Leigh Lake site near the center of the Teton fault to address open questions about earthquake timing and rupture length. Structural and stratigraphic evidence indicates two surface-faulting earthquakes at the site that postdate deglacial sediments dated by radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence to \~{}10{\textendash}11  ka⁠. Earthquake LL2 occurred at \~{}10.0  ka (9.7{\textendash}10.4 ka; 95\% confidence range) and LL1 at \~{}5.9  ka (4.8{\textendash}7.1 ka; 95\%). LL2 predates an earthquake at \~{}8  ka identified in the previous paleoseismic investigation at Granite Canyon. LL1 corresponds to the most recent Granite Canyon earthquake at \~{}4.7{\textendash}7.9  ka (95\% confidence range). Our results are consistent with the previously documented long-elapsed time since the most recent Teton fault rupture and expand the fault{\textquoteright}s earthquake history into the early Holocen},
	issn = {0037-1106},
	doi = {10.1785/0120190129},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/110/1/67/575484/Holocene-Rupture-History-of-the-Central-Teton},
	author = {Zellman, Mark S. and DuRoss, Christopher B. and Thackray, Glenn D. and Personius, Stephen F. and Reitman, Nadine G. and Mahan, Shannon A. and Brossy, Cooper C.}
}
@article {2760,
	title = {A late Holocene subfossil Atlantic white cedar tree-ring chronology from the northeastern United States},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {228},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-01-2020},
	pages = {106104},
	abstract = {Tree-rings provide precise annually dated climate information, but their application can be limited by the relatively short lifespan of many trees. To overcome this limitation, tree-ring records can be extended over longer time periods by connecting living trees with older {\textquotedblleft}sub-fossil{\textquotedblright} trees, which can provide information on longer timescales throughout the Holocene. These long chronologies are proxy records of past climate, provide precise chronological information for extreme events, and give insight into the range of natural climate variability prior to the instrumental period. In the densely populated northeastern United States, few tree-ring records are longer than 500 years, and there are no millennial-length tree-ring chronologies for the region. Here, we use a combination of standard dendrochronological and radiocarbon techniques, including use of the 774 CE radiocarbon excursion, to generate an absolutely dated 2500 year-long tree ring record from living, archaeological, and subfossil Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) found in the coastal northeastern United States. Our chronology demonstrates the potential to develop multi-millennial Chamaecyparis thyoides tree-ring records to address previously unanswered questions regarding late Holocene hydroclimate, extreme events, and temperature variability in New England.},
	keywords = {coastal, Geomorphology, Holocene, North America, paleoclimatology, radiogenic isotopes, Tree-rings},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106104},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379119308108},
	author = {Pearl, Jessie K. and Anchukaitis, Kevin J. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Pearson, Charlotte and Pederson, Neil and Lardie Gaylord, Mary C. and McNichol, Ann P. and Cook, Edward R. and Zimmermann, George L.}
}
@article {2835,
	title = {Multiproxy evidence of the Neoglacial expansion of Atlantic Water to eastern Svalbard},
	journal = {Climate of the Past},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-01-2020},
	pages = {487 - 501},
	abstract = {The main goal of this study is to reconstruct the paleoceanographic development of Storfjorden during the Neoglacial (\~{}4 cal ka BP). Storfjorden is one of the most important brine factories in the European Arctic and is responsible for deepwater production. Moreover, it is a climate-sensitive area influenced by two contrasting water masses: warm and saline Atlantic Water (AW) and cold and fresh Arctic Water (ArW). Herein, a multiproxy approach was applied to provide evidence for existing interactions between the inflow of AW and sea ice coverage, which are the major drivers of environmental changes in Storfjorden. The sedimentary and microfossil records indicate that a major reorganization of oceanographic conditions in Storfjorden occurred at \~{}2.7 cal ka BP. The cold conditions and the less pronounced presence of AW in Storfjorden during the early phase of the Neoglacial were the prerequisite conditions for the formation of extensive sea ice cover. The period after \~{}2.7 cal ka BP was characterized by alternating short-term cooling and warming intervals. Warming was associated with pulsed inflows of AW and sea ice melting that stimulated phytoplankton blooms and organic matter supply to the bottom. The cold phases were characterized by heavy and densely packed sea ice, resulting in decreased productivity. The ancient environmental DNA (aDNA) records of foraminifera and diatoms support the occurrence of the major pulses of AW (\~{}2.3 and \~{}1.7 cal ka BP) and the variations in sea ice cover. The episodes of enhanced AW inflow were marked by an increase in the percentage of DNA sequences of monothalamous foraminifera associated with the presence of fresh phytodetritus. Cold and less productive intervals were marked by an increased proportion of monothalamous taxa known only from environmental sequencing. The diatom aDNA record indicates that primary production was continuous during the Neoglacial, regardless of the sea ice conditions. However, the colder periods were characterized by the presence of diatom taxa associated with sea ice, whereas the present-day diatom assemblage is dominated by open-water taxa.},
	doi = {10.5194/cp-16-487-2020},
	url = {https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/16/487/2020/},
	author = {Paw{\l}owska, Joanna and {\L}{\k a}cka, Magdalena and Kucharska, Ma{\l}gorzata and Pawlowski, Jan and Zaj{\k a}czkowski, Marek}
}
@article {2832,
	title = {Permafrost Hydrology Drives the Assimilation of Old Carbon by Stream Food Webs in the Arctic},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-03-2020},
	pages = {435 - 453},
	abstract = {Permafrost thaw in the Arctic is mobilizing old carbon (C) from soils to aquatic ecosystems and the atmosphere. Little is known, however, about the assimilation of old C by aquatic food webs in Arctic watersheds. Here, we used C isotopes (δ13C, Δ14C) to quantify C assimilation by biota across 12 streams in arctic Alaska. Streams spanned watersheds with varying permafrost hydrology, from ice-poor bedrock to ice-rich loess (that is, yedoma). We measured isotopic content of (1) C sources including dissolved organic C (DOC), dissolved inorganic C (DIC), and soil C, and (2) stream biota, including benthic biofilm and macroinvertebrates, and resident fish species (Arctic Grayling (Thymallus arcticus) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma)). Findings document the assimilation of old C by stream biota, with depleted Δ14C values observed at multiple trophic levels, including benthic biofilm (14C ages = 5255 to 265 years before present (y BP)), macroinvertebrates (4490 y BP to modern), and fish (3195 y BP to modern). Mixing model results indicate that DOC and DIC contribute to benthic biofilm composition, with relative contributions differing across streams draining ice-poor and ice-rich terrain. DOC originates primarily from old terrestrial C sources, including deep peat horizons (39{\textendash}47\%; 530 y BP) and near-surface permafrost (12{\textendash}19\%; 5490 y BP). DOC also accounts for approximately half of fish isotopic composition. Analyses suggest that as the contribution of old C to fish increases, fish growth and nutritional status decline. We anticipate increases in old DOC delivery to streams under projected warming, which may further alter food web function in Arctic watersheds.},
	issn = {1432-9840},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-019-00413-6},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2Fs10021-019-00413-6},
	author = {O{\textquoteright}Donnell, Jonathan A. and Carey, Michael P. and Koch, Joshua C. and Xu, Xiaomei and Poulin, Brett A. and Walker, Jennifer and Zimmerman, Christian E.}
}
@article {2903,
	title = {Provenance of terrigenous sediments in the central Bay of Bengal and its relationship to climate changes since 25 ka},
	journal = {Progress in Earth and Planetary Science},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-12-2020},
	abstract = {Lithogenic grain-size, geochemical elements of core sediments from the central Bay of Bengal (BoB) were analyzed to identify sediment provenance and explore the regional {\textquotedblleft}source-sink{\textquotedblright} processes since 25 ka. Based on the geochemical compositions of core BoB-88, relative contributions of three end-member sources (Himalayan, Myanmar, Indian Peninsula) were calculated and support the general understanding that Himalayan sources were dominant since the last glacial period, which could reach 70\% on average in our study. However, sediments from the Indian Peninsula and Myanmar also contributed nonnegligible materials to the central BoB since 25 ka, especially the former shows an obvious increase since 7.5 ka, which was neglected in the previous studies. To trace the sedimentary processes of different provenance terrigenous materials and reveal their response to climate changes, four typical stages with obvious provenance percent variation, including the Last Glacial Maximum period (LGM), Heinrich 1 (H1), Early Holocene Climate Optimum (EHCO), and mid-late Holocene period, were highlighted and discussed. Sea-level change played a dominant role in the glacial-interglacial scale by controlling the transition of deposition center between the shelf/subaquatic delta and the Bengal Fan, especially for sediment from the Himalayan source, exerting influence on contributions from different provenance end-members between the Holocene and the last glacial period. The opposite directions of the southwest and northeast monsoon current in the BoB have a significant influence on the transfer of the Indian Peninsula and Myanmar materials to the studied core, which led to an increase of up to 11\% than the average of the Indian Peninsula and a decrease of up to 9\% than the average of the Myanmar source during the Holocene. The balance between sea level (limited transport to the deep sea) and ISM (improved erosion production and output to the BoB) during the mid-late Holocene period maintained the stability of Himalayan source percent. Due to the control of the ISM variations, the Himalayan source showed a decrease of up to 20\% and 21\% than average during the LGM and H1 period, respectively, and an increase of up to 14\% than average during the EHCO. The Myanmar source exhibited fluctuations around the average value during the LGM period, but an obvious increase of up to 21\% during the H1 period and a decrease up to 8\% during the EHCO, while the Indian Peninsula source percent showed little variations during the LGM and H1, but a decrease of up to 6\% during the EHCO. Obvious 1/4 processional and millennial periodic changes (5.0 kyr and 1.1 kyr) of contribution proportions from three end-members provide additional evidences for the climate control on the regional source-sink processes and proved the controlled mechanisms of the orbital parameters and possible influence from the solar activity on millennial scales.},
	doi = {10.1186/s40645-020-00328-0},
	url = {https://progearthplanetsci.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40645-020-00328-0},
	author = {Li, Jingrui and Liu, Shengfa and Shi, Xuefa and Chen, Min-Te and Zhang, Hui and Zhu, Aimei and Cui, Jingjing and Khokiattiwong, Somkiat and Kornkanitnan, Narumol}
}
@article {2893,
	title = {Response of shallow-sea benthic foraminifera to environmental changes off the coast of Goa, eastern Arabian Sea, during the last \~{}6100 cal yr BPAbstract},
	journal = {Geological Magazine},
	volume = {157},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-03-2020},
	pages = {497 - 505},
	abstract = {We have analysed a 6100-year record of benthic and planktonic foraminifera from inner neritic sediments from Core SK291/GC13, off the Goa coast, eastern Arabian Sea, to understand the response of benthic foraminifera to shallow-marine processes. The benthic foraminiferal assemblage is dominated by Nonion cf. asterizans, Ammonia beccarii, A. gaimardii and Virgulinella fragilis, which have been selected on the basis of a population of 10\% or more in any three samples analysed. The planktonic foraminiferal population is sporadic and rare, with Globigerinoides ruber as the predominant species showing a variable trend. The foraminiferal proxies combined with total organic carbon (wt\%) and δ13C and δ18O values of Ammonia gaimardii suggest distinct variations, indicating changes in productivity and salinity in the shallow eastern Arabian Sea. The coastal waters off Goa were relatively warmer and less saline between 6100 and 4600, or perhaps to 4200, calibrated years before the present (cal yr BP), corresponding to a stronger monsoon in South and East Asia. The shallow sea was cooler from ~4200 to 2600 cal yr BP in the study area, coinciding with a lower sea surface temperature in the northeastern Arabian Sea and an arid phase in the Indian subcontinent. From 2900 to 2600 cal yr BP the study core exhibits the impacts of short-term cold events, which have earlier been observed in the northeastern Arabian Sea, off Pakistan. During the Little Ice Age, the shallow sea off Goa was less productive.},
	keywords = {arabian sea, benthic foraminifera, Indian monsoon, Stable isotopes, western continental margin of India},
	issn = {0016-7568},
	doi = {10.1017/S0016756819000979},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0016756819000979/type/journal_article},
	author = {Saravanan, Ponnusamy and Gupta, Anil K. and Zheng, Hongbo and Panigrahi, Mruganka K. and Tiwari, Sameer K. and Rai, Santosh K. and Prakasam, Muthusamy}
}
@article {2667,
	title = {Sources and radiocarbon ages of organic carbon in different grain size fractions of Yellow River-transported particles and coastal sediments},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {534},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-02-2020},
	pages = {119452},
	keywords = {organic matter, RadiocarbonStable carbon isotope, Sediment grain size, Yellow River},
	issn = {00092541},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119452},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009254119305819},
	author = {Ge, Tiantian and Xue, Yuejun and Jiang, Xueyan and Zou, Li and Wang, Xuchen}
}
@article {2797,
	title = {Analysis of multiple cosmogenic nuclides constrains Laurentide Ice Sheet history and process on Mt. Mansfield, Vermont{\textquoteright}s highest peak},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {205},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-02-2019},
	pages = {234 - 246},
	abstract = {Constraining glacial history and process on Mt Mansfield, the highest peak in Vermont (1339 m a.s.l.), provides insight into how the Laurentide Ice Sheet shaped the underlying landscape, when latest Pleistocene ice retreated, and how upland and lowland glacial histories relate. Here, we quantify in situ cosmogenic 10Be in 20 bedrock and boulder surfaces, as well as in situ cosmogenic 14C in three of those surfaces, to assess subglacial erosion and exposure history. Isotopic concentrations indicate that Mt. Mansfield{\textquoteright}s lower elevations (\~{}400{\textendash}1200 m a.s.l.) were deeply eroded by at least several meters during the last glaciation and then deglaciated rapidly; 10Be ages across this elevation span are indistinguishable and average 13.9 {\textpm} 0.6 ka (n = 15), suggesting that 800 m of ice thinning occurred within at most about a millennium. Conversely, the higher elevations (>1200 m a.s.l.) preserve a more complex geomorphic history. Mt. Mansfield{\textquoteright}s summit surfaces contain 10Be from previous periods of exposure, indicating that the mountaintop landscapes were likely preserved beneath cold-based, weakly-erosive glacial ice. Exposure ages from the shorter-lived isotope, 14C, are younger (9.7 and 11.7 ka), suggesting that Mt. Mansfield{\textquoteright}s summit was covered until the early Holocene, perhaps by snowfields, ice carapaces, and/or till. Our findings, in context of previous work, suggest that thinning Laurentide ice flowed through the valleys for at most hundreds of years following deglaciation of the uplands, but that the summit remained shielded by ice or sediment for millennia after the valleys became ice-free.},
	keywords = {Cosmogenic isotopes, erosion, Geochronology, Glaciation, Last glacial maximum, North America, Pleistocene},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.014},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379118307145},
	author = {Corbett, Lee B. and Bierman, Paul R. and Wright, Stephen F. and Shakun, Jeremy D. and Davis, P. Thompson and Goehring, Brent M. and Halsted, Christopher T. and Koester, Alexandria J. and Caffee, Marc W. and Zimmerman, Susan R.}
}
@article {2802,
	title = {Antarctic Relic Microbial Mat Community Revealed by Metagenomics and Metatranscriptomics},
	journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Nov-01-2020},
	abstract = {Buried upslope from the modern lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are relict lake deposits embedded in valley walls. Within these relict deposits, ancient microbial mats, or paleomats, have been preserved under extremely arid and cold conditions since the receding of larger paleolakes thousands of years ago, and now serve as a sheltered niche for microbes in a highly challenging oligotrophic environment. To explore whether paleomats could be repositories for ancient lake cells or were later colonized by soil microbes, determine what types of metabolic pathways might be present, analyze potential gene expression, and explore whether the cells are in a vegetative or dormant state, we collected paleomat samples from ancient lake facies on the northern slopes of Lake Vanda in Wright Valley in December 2016. Using a gentle lysis technique optimized to preserve longer molecules, combined with a polyenzymatic treatment to maximize yields from different cell types, we isolated high-molecular weight DNA and RNA from ancient paleomat samples. Community composition analysis suggests that the paleomat community may retain a population of indigenous mat cells that may flourish once more favorable conditions are met. In addition to harboring a diverse microbial community, paleomats appear to host heterotrophs in surrounding soils utilizing the deposits as a carbon source. Whole genome long-read PacBio sequencing of native DNA and Illumina metagenomic sequencing of size-sorted DNA (>2,500 nt) indicated possible cell viability, with mat community composed of bacterial taxa. Metagenome assemblies identified genes with predicted roles in nitrogen cycling and complex carbohydrate degradation, and we identified key metabolic pathways such as stress response, DNA repair, and sporulation. Metatranscriptomic data revealed that the most abundant transcripts code for products involved in genetic information processing pathways, particularly translation, DNA replication, and DNA repair. Our results lend new insight into the functional ecology of paleomat deposits, with implications for our understanding of cell biology, Antarctic microbiology and biogeography, and the limits of life in extremely harsh environments.},
	doi = {10.3389/fevo.2019.00001},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fevo.2019.00001/full},
	author = {Zaikova, Elena and Goerlitz, David S. and Tighe, Scott W. and Wagner, Nicole Y. and Bai, Yu and Hall, Brenda L. and Bevilacqua, Julie G. and Weng, Margaret M. and Samuels-Fair, Maya D. and Johnson, Sarah Stewart}
}
@article {2905,
	title = {Evaluating the Radiocarbon Reservoir Effect in Lake Kutubu, Papua New GuineaABSTRACT},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-02-2019},
	pages = {287 - 308},
	abstract = {Conceptual models predict a tight coupling between the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the Southern Westerly Winds (SWW) in response to glacial-interglacial transitions, yet little is known about this relationship under Holocene boundary conditions. Here we present a synthesis of Holocene pollen data from the southwest Pacific mid-latitudes that tracks changes in the SWW. Comparison of our SWW paleoclimate records with data tracking the ITCZ, oceanic circulation, and insolation reveals clearly synchronous and in-phase ITCZ-SWW dynamics between 12 and 5 ka, indicating a tight coupling between the tropics and southern mid-latitudes in response to ocean circulation and insolation. An apparent decoupling of the SWW and ITCZ in the Pacific region after 5 ka is attributable to the overriding influence of the El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation (ENSO) over the proxy data.},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2018.49},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822218000498/type/journal_article},
	author = {Schneider, Larissa and Pain, Colin F and Haberle, Simon and Blong, Russell and Alloway, Brent V and Fallon, Stewart J and Hope, Geoff and Zawadzki, Atun and Heijnis, Henk}
}
@article {2825,
	title = {Glacial{\textendash}interglacial Nd isotope variability of North Atlantic Deep Water modulated by North American ice sheet},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-12-2019},
	abstract = {The Nd isotope composition of seawater has been used to reconstruct past changes in the contribution of different water masses to the deep ocean. In the absence of contrary information, the Nd isotope compositions of endmember water masses are usually assumed constant during the Quaternary. Here we show that the Nd isotope composition of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), a major component of the global overturning ocean circulation, was significantly more radiogenic than modern during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and shifted towards modern values during the deglaciation. We propose that weathering contributions of unradiogenic Nd modulated by the North American Ice Sheet dominated the evolution of the NADW Nd isotope endmember. If water mass mixing dominated the distribution of deep glacial Atlantic Nd isotopes, our results would imply a larger fraction of NADW in the deep Atlantic during the LGM and deglaciation than reconstructed with a constant northern endmember.},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-13707-z},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-13707-z},
	author = {Zhao, Ning and Oppo, Delia W. and Huang, Kuo-Fang and Howe, Jacob N. W. and Blusztajn, Jerzy and Keigwin, Lloyd D.}
}
@article {2890,
	title = {Investigating environmental changes as the driving force of agricultural intensification in the lower reaches of the Yellow River: A case study at the Sanyangzhuang site},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {521},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-06-2019},
	pages = {25 - 34},
	abstract = {In many different societies around the world, people transitioned from slash-and-burn agriculture to an intensive mode of agricultural production. However, why agriculture was increasingly intensified by early farmers remains less understood. This study investigates the driving forces of agricultural intensification from an environmental perspective. Based on our fieldwork at the Sanyangzhuang site and previous paleoclimatic studies, we reconstruct the depositional processes and climatic changes at Sanyangzhuang and its surrounding area between 5000 yr BP and 2000 yr BP. Data suggest that farmers in the lower reaches of the Yellow River were confronted with increasingly severe Yellow River flooding and drier and colder climate during this time period. The environmental changes increase risks of crop failure and famine, disrupt the equilibrium of the social system and induce a process that brings about initial agricultural intensification. This environmental pressure is aggravated by social/political factors and results in the further development of agricultural intensification.},
	keywords = {Agricultural intensification, Environmental changes, Sanyangzhuang, The Yellow River},
	issn = {10406182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2019.06.033},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1040618219300655},
	author = {Qin, Zhen and Storozum, Michael and Liu, Haiwang and Zhang, Xiaohu and Kidder, Tristram R.}
}
@article {2892,
	title = {Late Holocene long arid phase in the Indian subcontinent as seen in shallow sediments of the eastern Arabian Sea},
	journal = {Journal of Asian Earth Sciences},
	volume = {181},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-09-2019},
	pages = {103915},
	abstract = {Multi-proxy record of benthic and planktic foraminifera, total organic carbon and carbon and oxygen isotope ratios from Core SK291/GC15, off the coast of Goa, eastern Arabian Sea reveals significant paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic turnovers during ~6000 to 1700 calibrated years before the Present (cal yr BP). Benthic foraminiferal census data was analyzed with multivariate techniques including factor and cluster analyses of highest ranked species from the studied core that enabled to identify seven biofacies. The record suggests centennial to millennial-scale changes in the surface conditions driven by monsoon-linked upwelling in the eastern Arabian Sea during the studied interval. Various benthic biofacies combined with isotope and planktic foraminiferal data suggest that depletion of dissolved oxygen and increase in organic productivity in the study area was caused by intense monsoonal upwelling since the middle Holocene. The results suggest that during 5400{\textendash}4700 and 3000{\textendash}2500 cal yr BP the southwest (SW) monsoon was strong leading to intense upwelling in the study area as reflected by increased Globigerina bulloides percentages. These were generally warmer intervals in the northern hemisphere. The SW monsoon significantly weakened (abrupt decrease in G. bulloides population) during 4700{\textendash}3400 cal yr BP roughly coinciding with a long arid phase in the Indian subcontinent and a cold interval in Europe. Our record suggests an abrupt increase in SW monsoon intensity during ~3000 to 2500 cal yr BP, when a pronounced change in benthic biofacies is also noted that suggests a major shift in the sub-surface conditions. Our data document a prolong weak SW monsoon phase beginning at ~4600 cal yr BP, little earlier than 4.2 ka event, in the eastern Arabian Sea.},
	issn = {13679120},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jseaes.2019.103915},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1367912019302676},
	author = {Saravanan, Ponnusamy and Gupta, Anil K. and Zheng, Hongbo and Panigrahi, Mruganka K. and Prakasam, Muthusamy}
}
@article {2842,
	title = {Mid-late Holocene rainfall variation in Taiwan: A high-resolution multi-proxy record unravels the dual influence of the Asian monsoon and ENSO},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {516},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-02-2019},
	pages = {139 - 151},
	abstract = {Taiwan is particularly sensitive to changes in monsoonal precipitation and to typhoon-induced heavy precipitation events, however, rainfall variability in Taiwan on centennial and millennial time scales during the Holocene has not been well understood. This study describes mid-Holocene rainfall features of Taiwan based on pollen, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and C/N ratio records of core MD05-2908. The step-wise increase in sedimentation rate, fern spore percentage and concentration, TOC content, and C/N ratio suggests an increasing terrestrial material supply due to the intensified rainfall in Taiwan since 6800 cal. yr BP. This rainfall pattern shows an inverse pattern to the decreasing East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) strength represented by the multi-proxy records from North China. Variation of the East Asian summer circulation and associated moisture transport may account for the long-term rainfall changes in Taiwan. Superimposed on this trend, we interpreted three prominent rainfall changes, which focus on the periods of 6800{\textendash}6600, 1090{\textendash}880 and 490{\textendash}190 cal. yr BP. These centennial time scale rainfall variations in our records are linked to the intensity of El-Ni{\~n}o Southern Oscillations.},
	keywords = {C/N ratio, Fern spore, La Ni{\~n}a, Okinawa Trough, tropical cyclone},
	issn = {00310182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.11.026},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031018218303444},
	author = {Chen, Jinxia and Li, Tiegang and Nan, Qingyun and Shi, Xuefa and Liu, Yanguang and Jiang, Bo and Zou, Jianjun and Selvaraj, Kandasamy and Li, Dongling and Li, ChuanShun}
}
@article {2813,
	title = {Millennial-scale fluctuations in water volume transported by the Tsushima Warm Current in the Japan Sea during the Holocene},
	journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
	volume = {183},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-12-2019},
	pages = {103028},
	abstract = {Cyclic changes in volume transport of the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) have been argued from diatom records in the southern Japan Sea off the Japanese islands during the Holocene. Although this phenomenon has not yet been confirmed by various proxy data, determining whether or not these oceanographic changes occurred is crucial for clarifying the nature of oceanographic changes in the southern Japan Sea. Here, we conducted a coupled analysis of Mg/Ca ratios and oxygen isotopes (δ18O) in shallow-dwelling Neogloboquadrina incompta from 13 core-top sediments in southern Japan, and developed a new equation for Mg/Ca temperature calibration (Mg/Ca = 0.311 {\texttimes} exp (0.07 {\texttimes} T)) as a proxy for spring sea surface temperature (SST). Using the newly developed, species-specific Mg/Ca-paleothermometry, we reconstructed SST variability for the past 6800 years from core YK10-7-PC09 in the southern Japan Sea. The Mg/Ca-derived SST record clearly represented five warmer periods at 6200{\textendash}6000, 4900{\textendash}4500, 4200{\textendash}3800, 2600{\textendash}2100, and 900{\textendash}400 cal. year BP, almost consistent with previously published diatom records. These warmer events also corresponded to the periods in which warm molluscan assemblages increased at the northern end of the TWC, suggesting that periods of higher SST can be seen as reflecting the increased volume transport of the TWC. We interpreted the results of a model study showing that higher solar irradiance provoked positive Arctic Oscillation (AO)-like spatial patterns and the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) to mean that increased (reduced) TWC volume transport on the multi-centennial to millennial time scales was caused by high (low) solar insolation via a potential link between AO and PDO. Given that larger and more frequent volcanic eruptions occurred in the mid Holocene than in the late Holocene, volcanic forcing on the TWC volume transport changes would have been more significant during the former, as seen in the highly variable SST from this period and distinct decreases in SST around ~5900 cal. year BP and ~6400 cal. year BP. The millennial-scale fluctuations seen in SSTs in the southern Japan Sea would have had a large impact on the evolution of vegetation and human adaptation in the northern Japanese islands, adjacent to the Japan Sea, over the last 6800 years.},
	keywords = {Holocene, Mg/Ca-derived, Neogloboquadrina incompta, sea-surface temperature, Solar forcing, The Japan Sea, Tsushima, Warm Current},
	issn = {09218181},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103028},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921818118306465},
	author = {Horikawa, Keiji and Kodaira, Tomohiro and Ikehara, Ken and Murayama, Masafumi and Zhang, Jing}
}
@article {2708,
	title = {Multiple independent records of local glacier variability on Nuussuaq, West Greenland, during the Holocene},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {215},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-07-2019},
	pages = {253 - 271},
	abstract = {The sensitivity of mountain glaciers to small-scale climate fluctuations makes records of their past extent among the best proxies for identifying spatio-temporal climate variability. Here we build on the few existing Holocene records of local glacier change in Greenland by using three independent geochronological methods{\textemdash}proglacial lake sediment analysis, cosmogenic 10Be surface-exposure dating, and in situ 14C burial modeling{\textemdash}to reconstruct continuous records of Holocene glacier variability on Nuussuaq, West Greenland. 10Be ages of perched boulders indicate eastern Nuussuaq was deglaciated between \~{}11.0 and 10.5 ka. Radiocarbon-dated sediments from two lakes on Nuussuaq contain mineral-rich layers between \~{}9.6 and 9.0 and \~{}8.7{\textendash}8.0 cal ka BP that may be correlative with nearby ice sheet moraines deposited in the early Holocene. Multiple proxies for glacier size indicate frequent, high-amplitude glacier fluctuations superimposed on net glacier growth during the late Holocene, with significant ice expansion phases at \~{}3.7 ka, 2.8 ka, and throughout the past \~{}2 ka. Mean 10Be ages from five nested moraine crests confirm that local glacier extents on Nuussuaq culminated during both the Little Ice Age [\~{}1470 C.E. (n = 3) and 1750 C.E. (n = 3)] and the preceding centuries (\~{}520{\textendash}1320 C.E.; n = 11). Results reveal that local glaciers on Nuussuaq episodically advanced and retreated at centennial timescales throughout the Holocene, most likely in response to regional climate changes in West Greenland superimposed on the progressive insolation-driven cooling trend in the Northern Hemisphere. Our new 10Be moraine chronologies coupled with other glacier-size proxies corroborate an emerging pattern of significant summer cooling and glacier expansion in the centuries prior to the Little Ice Age in the Arctic.},
	keywords = {Cosmogenic 10Be, Cosmogenic in situ 14C, Greenland, Holocene, lake sediment, Mountain glaciers, Neoglaciation},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.05.007},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379118308771},
	author = {Schweinsberg, Avriel D. and Briner, Jason P. and Licciardi, Joseph M. and Bennike, Ole and Lifton, Nathaniel A. and Graham, Brandon L. and Young, Nicol{\'a}s E. and Schaefer, Joerg M. and Zimmerman, Susan H.}
}
@article {2661,
	title = {On the Origin of Aged Sedimentary Organic Matter Along a River-Shelf-Deep Ocean Transect},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {124},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jun-08-2021},
	pages = {2582 - 2594},
	abstract = {To assess the influences of carbon sources and transport processes on the C-14 age of organic matter (OM) in continental margin sediments, we examined a suite of samples collected along a river-shelf-deep ocean transect in the East China Sea (ECS). Ramped pyrolysis-oxidiation was conducted on suspended particulate matter in the Yangtze River and on surface sediments from the ECS shelf and northern Okinawa Trough. C-14 ages were determined on OM decomposition products within different temperature windows. These measurements suggest that extensive amounts of pre-old (i.e., millennial age) organic carbon (OC) are subject to degradation within and beyond the Yangtze River Delta, and this process is accompanied by an exchange of terrestrial and marine OM. These results, combined with fatty acid concentration data, suggest that both the nature and extent of OM preservation/degradation as well as the modes of transport influence the C-14 ages of sedimentary OM. Additionally, we find that the age of (thermally) refractory OC increases during across-shelf transport and that the age offset between the lowest and highest temperature OC decomposition fractions also increases along the shelf-to-trough transect. Amplified interfraction spread or C-14 heterogeneity is the greatest in the Okinawa Trough. Aged sedimentary OM across the transect may be a consequence of several reasons including fossil OC input, selective degradation of younger OC, hydrodynamic sorting processes, and aging during lateral transport. Consequently, each of them should be considered in assessing the C-14 results of sedimentary OM and its implications for the carbon cycle and interpretation of sedimentary records.},
	keywords = {Carbon cycle, hydrodynamic processes, organic carbon, radiocarbon, sediments},
	issn = {2169-8953},
	doi = {10.1029/2019JG005107},
	url = { https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005107},
	author = {Bao, Rui and Zhao, Meixun and McNichol, Ann and Wu, Ying and Guo, Xinyu and Haghipour, Negar and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {2680,
	title = {Reconstructing reef fish communities using fish otoliths in coral reef sediments},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Feb-06-2020},
	pages = {e0218413},
	abstract = {Little is known about long-term changes in coral reef fish communities. Here we present a new technique that leverages fish otoliths in reef sediments to reconstruct coral reef fish communities. We found over 5,400 otoliths in 169 modern and mid-Holocene bulk samples from Caribbean Panama and Dominican Republic mid-Holocene and modern reefs, demonstrating otoliths are abundant in reef sediments. With a specially-built reference collection, we were able to assign over 4,400 otoliths to one of 56 taxa (35 families) though mostly at genus and family level. Many otoliths were from juvenile fishes for which identification is challenging. Richness (by rarefaction) of otolith assemblages was slightly higher in modern than mid-Holocene reefs, but further analyses are required to elucidate the underlying causes. We compared the living fish communities, sampled using icthyocide, with the sediment otolith assemblages on four reefs finding the otolith assemblages faithfully capture the general composition of the living fish communities. Radiocarbon dating performed directly on the otoliths suggests that relatively little mixing of sediment layers particularly on actively accreting branching coral reefs. All otolith assemblages were strongly dominated by small, fast-turnover fish taxa and juvenile individuals, and our exploration on taxonomy, functional ecology and taphonomy lead us to the conclusion that intense predation is likely the most important process for otolith accumulation in reef sediments. We conclude that otolith assemblages in modern and fossil reef sediments can provide a powerful tool to explore ecological changes in reef fish communities over time and space.},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0218413},
	url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0218413},
	author = {Lin, Chien-Hsiang and De Gracia, Brigida and Pierotti, Michele E. R. and Andrews, Allen H. and Griswold, Katie and O{\textquoteright}Dea, Aaron},
	editor = {Zapalski, Miko{\l}aj K.}
}
@article {2642,
	title = {Temporal constraints on lateral organic matter transport along a coastal mud belt},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {128},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-02-2019},
	pages = {86 - 93},
	abstract = {Constraints on timescales of lateral transport of sedimentary organic carbon (OC) over continental shelves and associated influences on the distribution and abundance of OC remain sparse. Preferential degradation of labile, young OC during lateral transport results in apparent {\textquotedblleft}diagenetic aging{\textquotedblright} of OC. Additionally, sediment translocation can also result in {\textquotedblleft}transport time-associated aging{\textquotedblright} of associated organic matter (OM) as a function of the lateral transport time (LTT). Here, we use a coupled thermal decomposition and radiocarbon (14C) approach to constrain timescales of lateral transport and concomitant loss of OC associated with different grain size fractions of sediments collected from two locations \~{}275 km apart along a dispersal pathway on the inner shelf of the East China Sea. The 14C age contrasts between corresponding thermal fractions are used to distinguish these two components of sedimentary OM {\textquotedblleft}aging{\textquotedblright}. To minimize interferences from hydrodynamic sorting and diagenetic aging of OC accompanying lateral transport, we assess 14C age differences of decomposition products from the most thermally-refractory OC components associated with specific grain size fractions between locations. We show that LTTs vary among different grain size fractions, and examine relationships between LTTs and sedimentary OC loss in order to assess the decomposition of OC as a consequence of lateral transport. We suggest that the decomposition of OC associated with protracted lateral transport exerts a strong influence on OC burial efficiency, with broad implications for carbon cycling over continental shelves.},
	keywords = {14C aging, Continental shelf seas, East China Sea, Mud belt, organic matter, Sediment resuspension},
	issn = {01466380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2019.01.007},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638019300075},
	author = {Bao, Rui and Zhao, Meixun and McNichol, Ann and Galy, Valier and McIntyre, Cameron and Haghipour, Negar and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {2629,
	title = {Ancient water wells reveal a prolonged drought in the lower Yellow River area about 2800 years ago},
	journal = {Science Bulletin},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-10-2018},
	pages = {1324 - 1327},
	abstract = {Given that the Holocene is the most recent interglacial period that has spurred the development of modern societies, scrutinizing climate changes during this period may provide a knowledge base for better understanding the rise and fall of ancient civilizations. However, our knowledge about the mechanism of millennial-scale climate variability particularly in the absence of major continental ice sheets during the second half of the Holocene remains highly uncertain. Although cold spells manifested as the Bond events have been widely reported in the North Atlantic sector during the mid-to-late Holocene, it is not clear whether or not there is a global expression of these events. Therefore, well-tuned far-field proxy records are indispensable to pinpoint the geographical extent of these climate events. Here we show evidence from ancient water wells in North China for a prolonged drought corresponding to a period of pervasive cooling in the North Atlantic region lasting from about 800 to 550 before the Common Era (BCE). Inferred climatic conditions using a conceptual hydrological model, in line with other proxy records, support the hypothesis of the Sun-climate link probably through the complex ocean-atmospheric interactions in the tropical oceans. Our finding suggests that water well construction represented a major technical invention in human history, which greatly improved the resilience against the depletion of surface water at times when arid climate prevailed. The linked climatic and societal changes demonstrated here can serve as a historical analogue for the socio-economic response to potentially large climate changes in the future.},
	issn = {20959273},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scib.2018.09.017},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2095927318304651https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2095927318304651?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2095927318304651?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Yu, Shiyong and Chen, Xuexiang and Liu, Xiuling and Fang, Zhen and Guo, Junfeng and Zhan, Senyang and Fang, Hui and Chen, Fahu}
}
@article {2619,
	title = {An atmospheric chronology for the glacial-deglacial Eastern Equatorial Pacific},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Aug-06-2018},
	abstract = {Paleoclimate reconstructions are only as good as their chronology. In particular, different chronological assumptions for marine sediment
cores can lead to different reconstructions of ocean ventilation age and atmosphere-ocean carbon exchange history. Here we build the first high-resolution chronology that is free of the dating uncertainties common in marine sediment records, based on radiocarbon dating twigs found with computed tomography scans in two cores from the Eastern Equatorial Pacific (EEP). With this accurate chronology, we show that the ventilation ages of the EEP thermocline and intermediate waters were similar to today during the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation, in contradiction with previous studies. Our results suggest that the glacial respired carbon pool in the EEP was not significantly older than today, and that the deglacial strengthening of the equatorial Pacific carbon source was probably driven by low-latitude processes rather than an increased subsurface supply of upwelled carbon from high-latitude oceans.},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-05574-x},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05574-xhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05574-x.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05574-xhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05574-x.pdf},
	author = {Zhao, Ning and Keigwin, Lloyd D.}
}
@article {2881,
	title = {The collapse of the North Song dynasty and the AD 1048{\textendash}1128 Yellow River floods: Geoarchaeological evidence from northern Henan Province, China},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jun-11-2018},
	pages = {1759 - 1770},
	abstract = {From AD 1048 to 1128, Yellow River flooding killed over a million people, left many more homeless and destitute, and turned parts of the once fertile North China Plain into a silted-up agricultural wasteland. Brought on in part by climate change and the Northern Song dynasty{\textquoteright}s (AD 960{\textendash}1127) mismanagement of the environment, the Yellow River floods likely hastened the collapse of the Northern Song dynasty. Despite the magnitude of this flood event, no sedimentary deposits have yet been linked to these historically recorded floods. In this research paper, we provide archaeological, sedimentary, and radiocarbon evidence of the AD 1048{\textendash}1128 Yellow River floods at the Dazhanglongcun, Xidacheng, and Daguxiancun sites in Neihuang County, Henan Province. Based on our data, we argue that the AD 1048{\textendash}1128 Yellow River floods deposited over 5 m of alluvium on villages in the North China Plain, radically changing both the physical and political landscape of Northern Song dynasty China.},
	keywords = {floods, Geoarchaeology, land use, North China Plain, Song dynasty, Yellow River},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683618788682},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683618788682},
	author = {Storozum, Michael J and Zhen, Qin and Xiaolin, Ren and Haiming, Li and Yifu, Cui and Kui, Fu and Haiwang, Liu}
}
@article {2888,
	title = {Decreased sedimentation efficiency of petro- and non-petro-carbon caused by a dispersant for Macondo surrogate oil in a mesocosm simulating a coastal microbial community},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {206},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-10-2018},
	pages = {34 - 43},
	abstract = {Large amounts of mucous-rich oil-containing marine snow formed in surface waters adjacent to the Deepwater Horizon spill. This marine oil snow (MOS) was implicated in oil delivery to the seafloor. Whether the use of chemical dispersants increased or decreased MOS sedimentation remains controversial. We conducted mesocosm experiments testing the effects of oil and oil plus a dispersant on MOS formation and sedimentation, in coastal seawater. The four treatments used were a surrogate Macondo oil water accommodated fraction ({\textquotedblleft}WAF{\textquotedblright}), two concentrations of chemically-enhanced WAF ({\textquotedblleft}CEWAF{\textquotedblright} and diluted CEWAF, {\textquotedblleft}DCEWAF{\textquotedblright}) containing a dispersant and oil, and Controls (no additions). Based on radiocarbon and 13C NMR results, the presence of dispersants enhanced the amounts of petro-carbon being incorporated into the sinking oil-carrying aggregates (aka MOS). However, most of the chemically-dispersed oil preferentially partitioned into the colloidal and suspended particulate fractions rather than into the rapidly forming MOS. Thus the oil and non-petro-carbon sedimentation efficiency in treatments with a dispersant was much lower, compared to those in the Control and WAF treatments, during the four-day mesocosm experiment. Formation of MOS and its subsequent sinking sequestered the oil in two stages: first via terrestrial-derived detritus containing humic compounds, and subsequently via freshly produced material, such as exopolymeric substances produced by phytoplankton and bacteria.},
	issn = {03044203},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marchem.2018.09.002},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304420318301415},
	author = {Xu, Chen and Zhang, Saijin and Beaver, Morgan and Wozniak, Andrew and Obeid, Wassim and Lin, Youmin and Wade, Terry L. and Schwehr, Kathleen A. and Lin, Peng and Sun, Luni and Hatcher, Patrick G. and Chin, Wei-Chun and Chiu, Meng-Hsuen and Knap, Anthony H. and Dean, Kendra and Quigg, Antonietta and Santschi, Peter H.}
}
@article {2620,
	title = {Deglacial floods in the Beaufort Sea preceded Younger Dryas cooling},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2018},
	month = {08/2018},
	pages = {599 - 604},
	abstract = {A period of cooling about 13,000 years ago interrupted about 2,000 years of deglacial warming. Known as the Younger Dryas (YD), the event is thought to have resulted from a slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in response to a sudden flood of Laurentide Ice Sheet meltwater that reached the Nordic Seas. Oxygen isotope evidence for a local source of meltwater to the open western North Atlantic from the Gulf of St Lawrence has been lacking. Here we report that the eastern Beaufort Sea contains the long-sought signal of O-18-depleted water. Beginning at similar to 12.94 {\textpm} 0.15 thousand years ago, oxygen isotopes in the planktonic foraminifera from two sediment cores as well as sediment and seismic data indicate a flood of meltwater, ice and sediment to the Arctic via the Mackenzie River that lasted about 700 years. The minimum in the oxygen isotope ratios lasted similar to 130 years. We suggest that the floodwater travelled north along the Canadian Archipelago and then through the Fram Strait to the Nordic Seas, where freshening and freezing near sites of deep-water formation would have suppressed convection and caused the YD cooling by reducing the meridional overturning.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/s41561-018-0169-6},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0169-6http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0169-6.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0169-6http://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0169-6.pdf},
	author = {Keigwin, L. D. and Klotsko, S. and Zhao, N. and Reilly, B. and Giosan, L. and Driscoll, N. W.}
}
@article {2722,
	title = {The Ephemeral Signature of Permafrost Carbon in an Arctic Fluvial Network},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jul-05-2018},
	pages = {1475 - 1485},
	abstract = {Arctic fluvial networks process, outgas, and transport significant quantities of terrestrial organic carbon (C), particularly dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The proportion of permafrost C in these fluxes, however, is poorly constrained. A primary obstacle to the quantification of permafrost-derived DOC is that it is rapidly respired without leaving a unique tracer of its presence. In this study, we investigated the production of bacterial respiratory carbon dioxide (CO2; measured as dissolved inorganic carbon; DIC) during maximum late-summer thaw in sites spanning a fluvial network (Kolyma Basin, Siberia) to assess whether the biodegradation of permafrost DOC could be detected by the presence of a persistent aged (14C-depleted) signature on the DIC pool. Using Keeling plot interpretation of DIC produced in bioincubations of river water, we show that bacteria respire varying sources of DOC moving downstream through the fluvial network. Respiration of permafrost (production of aged CO2) was only detected in heavily permafrost thaw influenced sites. In nonpermafrost thaw impacted sites, ambient DIC was modern (14C-enriched), but rather than precluding the respiration of permafrost OC upstream, we suggest that 14C-depleted DIC is overwhelmed by modern DIC. Investigation of dissolved organic matter composition via Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry highlighted that elevated levels of aliphatic and nitrogen-containing compounds were associated with the production of aged DIC, providing molecular-level insight as to why permafrost-derived dissolved organic matter is rapidly respired. Overall, results from this study demonstrate the difficulty of tracing inputs of a highly reactive substrate to systems with diverse organic matter sources.},
	issn = {2169-8953},
	doi = {10.1029/2017JG004311},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2017JG004311},
	author = {Drake, Travis W. and Guillemette, Fran{\c c}ois and Hemingway, Jordon D. and Chanton, Jeffery P. and Podgorski, David C. and Zimov, Nikita S. and Spencer, Robert G. M.}
}
@article {2891,
	title = {Fossil Fuel-Derived Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Taiwan Strait, China, and Fluxes across the Air{\textendash}Water InterfaceFossil Fuel-Derived Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Taiwan Strait, China, and Fluxes across the AirWater Interface},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Mar-07-2018},
	pages = {7307 - 7316},
	abstract = {On the basis of the application of compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) and air{\textendash}water exchange models, the contributions of fossil fuel and biomass burning derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as their air{\textendash}water transport were elucidated. The results showed that fossil fuel-derived PAHs (an average contribution of 89\%) presented the net volatilization process at the air{\textendash}water interface of the Taiwan Strait in summer. Net volatile fluxes of the dominant fluorene and phenanthrene (>58\% of the total PAHs) were 27 {\textpm} 2.8 μg m{\textendash}2 day{\textendash}1, significantly higher than the dry deposition fluxes (average 0.43 μg m{\textendash}2 day{\textendash}1). The Δ14C contents of selected PAHs (fluorene, phenanthrene plus anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene) determined by CSRA in the dissolved seawater ranged from -997 {\textpm} 4{\textperthousand} to -873 {\textpm} 6{\textperthousand}, indicating that 89{\textendash}100\% (95 {\textpm} 4\%) of PAHs were supplied by fossil fuels. The South China Sea warm current originating from the southwest China in summer (98\%) and the Min-Zhe coastal current originating from the north China in winter (97\%) input more fossil fuel PAHs than the Jiulong River estuary (90\%) and Xiamen harbor water (93\%). The more radioactive decayed 14C of fluoranthene (a 4-ring PAH) than that of phenanthrene and anthracene (3-ring PAHs) represented a greater fossil fuel contribution to the former in dissolved seawater.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.8b01331},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.8b01331},
	author = {Ya, Miaolei and Xu, Li and Wu, Yuling and Li, Yongyu and Zhao, Songhe and Wang, Xinhong}
}
@article {2685,
	title = {Holocene history of the Greenland Ice-Sheet margin in Northern Nunatarssuaq, Northwest Greenland},
	journal = {arktos},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-12-2018},
	abstract = {Records of past Greenland Ice-Sheet (GrIS) extents are important for understanding the response of the ice sheet to climate conditions, providing a longer term perspective on present ice-margin fluctuations, and evaluating ice-sheet models. We present a record of Holocene GrIS extents in Nunatarssuaq, Northwest Greenland, based on geomorphic mapping combined with 10Be surface exposure dating of rock surfaces and 14C dating of subfossil plants. 10Be ages of boulders and bedrock exposed during deglaciation from the Last Glacial Maximum range from ~ 81 to 15 ka. The apparently old ages of some samples and scatter in the dataset indicate the presence of 10Be inherited from prior periods of exposure and suggest that overriding ice was minimally erosive. Subfossil plants exposed on a debris band in the GrIS margin date to ~ 4.7 cal ka BP and register a time when the Northwest GrIS was smaller than at present. Geomorphic evidence, including a drift sheet, grounding-line moraines, and higher levels of Nords{\o}, document an advance of the Nuna and Tunge Rampen (GrIS outlet glaciers). 14C ages of in situ subfossil plants and 10Be ages of boulders bracket this advance to ~ 3.2{\textendash}2.1 ka, a period of regional cooling. Unweathered, lichen-free drift occurs < 50 m beyond the present GrIS margin in most locations. 10Be ages of this drift are 2.2{\textendash}0.5 ka and likely contain inherited nuclides. 14C ages of in situ subfossil plants atop this drift are between cal AD ~ 1640 and 2001, suggesting recent ice-margin fluctuations.},
	issn = {2364-9453},
	doi = {10.1007/s41063-018-0044-0},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s41063-018-0044-0http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41063-018-0044-0.pdfhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41063-018-0044-0/fulltext.htmlhttp://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41063-018-0044-0.pdf},
	author = {Farnsworth, Lauren B. and Kelly, Meredith A. and Bromley, Gordon R. M. and Axford, Yarrow and Osterberg, Erich C. and Howley, Jennifer A. and Jackson, Margaret S. and Zimmerman, Susan R.}
}
@article {2617,
	title = {Maar sediment  in central Vietnam  Highland  near Pleiku:  An archive of regional  monsoon  intensity? },
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {flood layer, land use, monsoon},
	url = {http://eosvnu.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Schimmelmann_2018_Abstract_7IMC.pdf},
	author = {Schimmelmann, A., H. and Nguyễn-V{\u a}n, D. and Nguyễn-Th{\`u}y, J.P. and Schimmelmann, A.E.K. and Ojala, N. and Nguyễn-{\'A}nh, Q. and Trọng {\DJ}ỗ, D. and Th{\`u}y Nguyễn, P. and H{\`o}a Tạ, V. and Huynh-Kim, N. and Quynh Phạm-Nữ, B. and Zolitschka, I.}
}
@article {2692,
	title = {Organic Carbon Aging During Across-Shelf Transport},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Apr-08-2020},
	pages = {8425 - 8434},
	abstract = {Compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) was performed on different grain-size fractions of surficial sediments to examine and compare lateral transport times (LTTs) of organic carbon. 14C aging of long-chain leaf wax fatty acids along two dispersal pathways of fluvially-derived material on adjacent continental margins implies LTTs over distances of ~30 to 500 km that range from hundreds to thousands of years. The magnitude of aging differs among grain size fractions. Our finding suggests that LTTs vary both temporally and spatially as a function of the specific properties of different continental shelf settings. Observations suggest that 14C aging is widespread during lateral transport over continental shelves, with hydrodynamic particle sorting inducing age variations among organic components residing in different grain sizes. Consideration of these phenomena is of importance for understanding carbon cycle processes and interpretation on sedimentary records on continental margins.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2018GL078904},
	url = {https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/222887698.pdf},
	author = {Bao, Rui and Uchida, Masao and Zhao, Meixun and Haghipour, Negar and Montlucon, Daniel and McNichol, Ann and Wacker, Lukas and Hayes, John M. and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {2731,
	title = {Rapid precipitation changes in the tropical West Pacific linked to North Atlantic climate forcing during the last deglaciation},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {197},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-10-2018},
	pages = {288 - 306},
	abstract = {The cause of rapid hydrological changes in the tropical West Pacific during the last deglaciation remains controversial. In order to test whether these changes were triggered by abrupt climate change events in the North Atlantic Ocean, variations in precipitation during the last deglaciation (18-10 ka) were extracted from proxy records of chemical weathering and terrigenous input in the western Philippine Sea (WPS). The evolution of chemical weathering and terrigenous input since 27 ka was reconstructed using the chemical index of alteration (CIA), elemental ratios (K/Al, TOC/TN and Ti/Ca), δ13Corg, terrigenous fraction abundance and flux data from International Marine Global Change Study Program (IMAGES) core MD06-3054 collected on the upper continental slope of eastern Luzon (northern Philippines). Sediment deposited during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) shows weathering equal to or slightly greater than Holocene sediment in the WPS. This unusual state of chemical weathering, which is inconsistent with lower air temperatures and decreased precipitation in Luzon during the LGM, may be due to reworking of poorly consolidated sediments on the eastern Luzon continental shelf during the LGM sea-level lowstand. Rapid changes in chemical weathering, characterized by higher intensity during the Heinrich event 1 (H1) and Younger Dryas (YD) and lower intensity during the B{\o}lling-Aller{\o}d (B/A), were linked to rapid variations in precipitation in the WPS during the last deglaciation. The higher terrigenous inputs during the LGM relative to those of the Holocene were controlled by sea-level changes rather than precipitation. The terrigenous inputs show a long-term decline during the last deglaciation, punctuated by brief spikes during the H1 and YD related to sea-level rises and rapid precipitation changes in the WPS, respectively. The proxy records of chemical weathering and terrigenous input from eastern Luzon suggest high rainfall during the H1 and YD events, consistent with inferred rainfall patterns based on Fe/Ca records from offshore Mindanao. Rapid precipitation changes in the WPS did not coincide with migrations of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) but, rather, were related to state shifts of the El Ni{\~n}o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during the last deglaciation. Based on proxy records and modeling results, we argue that the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) controlled rapid precipitation changes in the tropical West Pacific through zonal shifts of ENSO or meridional migration of the ITCZ during the last deglaciation. Our findings highlight the dominant role of the North Atlantic Ocean in the tropical hydrologic cycle during the last deglaciation. },
	keywords = {AMOC, Chemical weathering, enso, ITCZ, Terrigenous input, Western Philippine Sea},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.07.040},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379117309484https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379117309484?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379117309484?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Xiong, Zhifang and Li, Tiegang and Chang, Fengming and Algeo, Thomas J. and Clift, Peter D. and Bretschneider, Lisa and Lu, Zhengyao and Zhu, Xiao and Frank, Martin and Sauer, Peter E. and Jiang, FuQing and Wan, Shiming and Zhang, Xu and Chen, Shuangxi and Huang, Jie}
}
@article {2799,
	title = {Residential Coal Combustion as a Source of Levoglucosan in ChinaResidential Coal Combustion as a Source of Levoglucosan in China},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jun-02-2018},
	pages = {1665 - 1674},
	abstract = {Levoglucosan (LG) has been widely identified as a specific marker for biomass burning (BB) sources and frequently utilized in estimating the BB contribution to atmospheric fine particles all over the world. However, this study provides direct evidence to show that coal combustion (CC) is also a source of LG, especially in the wintertime in Northern China, based on both source testing and ambient measurement. Our results show that low-temperature residential CC could emit LG with emission factors (EF) ranging from 0.3 to 15.9 mg kg{\textendash}1. Ratios of LG to its isomers, mannosan and galactosan, differ between CC and BB emissions, and the wintertime ratios in Beijing ambient PM2.5 and source-specific tracers including carbon isotopic signatures all indicated a significant contribution from CC to ambient levoglucosan in winter in Beijing. The results suggest that LG cannot be used as a distinct source marker for biomass burning in special cases such as some cities in the northern China, where coal is still widely used in the residential and industrial sectors. Biomass burning sources could be overestimated, although such an over-estimation could vary spatially and temporally.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.7b05858},
	url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.7b05858},
	author = {Yan, Caiqing and Zheng, Mei and Sullivan, Amy P. and Shen, Guofeng and Chen, Yingjun and Wang, Shuxiao and Zhao, Bin and Cai, Siyi and Desyaterik, Yury and Li, Xiaoying and Zhou, Tian and Gustafsson, {\"O}rjan and Collett, Jeffrey L.}
}
@article {2766,
	title = {Sources and radiocarbon ages of aerosol organic carbon along the east coast of China and implications for atmospheric fossil carbon contributions to China marginal seas},
	journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
	volume = {619-620},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-04-2018},
	pages = {957 - 965},
	abstract = {Aerosol deposition is an important mechanism for the delivery of terrestrial organic carbon (OC) to marginal seas, but OC age characteristics of aerosols are not well constrained and their contributions to sediment OC burial have not been quantified. Total suspended particle samples were collected along the east coast of China at Changdao (CD), Qingdao (QD) and Huaniao Island (HNI), and were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC) isotopes (13C and 14C) in order to bridge this information gap. TOC δ13C and Δ14C values ranged from - 23.6 to - 30.5{\textperthousand}, and - 153 to - 687{\textperthousand}, respectively, with the latter corresponding to 14C ages ranging from 1280 to 9260 yr. Estimated contributions of fossil carbon to TOC based on 14C mass balance approach ranged from 26 to 73\%, with strong seasonal variations in fossil carbon observed at CD. Fossil carbon at CD showed the highest proportion (73\%) in winter, reflecting anthropogenic emissions and the lowest proportion (26\%) in summer, caused by biomass contribution (annual ave., 52\% {\textpm} 17\%). In contrast, the fossil carbon at both QD (57{\textendash}64\%) and HNI (57{\textendash}67\%) dominated throughout the year, reflecting local anthropogenic influences and long-range transport. Mass balance estimates indicate that atmospheric deposition and riverine export accounted for 31\% and 69\% of fossil carbon inputs to the China marginal seas (CMS) respectively, with fossil carbon burial efficiencies approaching 100\% in the CMS. On a global scale, an atmospheric fossil carbon deposition flux of 17.2 Tg C yr- 1 was estimated, equivalent to 40\% of the estimated fluvial flux to the ocean, and potentially accounting for 24{\textendash}41\% of fossil OC burial in marine sediments. Therefore, the atmospheric deposition constitutes an important source of fossil carbon to marine sediments, and could play a key role in regional and global scale OC budgets and biogeochemical cycles.},
	keywords = {AEROSOLS, China marginal seas, Fossil carbon, Radiocarbon (14C) tracer, Total organic carbon},
	issn = {00489697},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.201},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S004896971733259X},
	author = {Yu, Meng and Guo, Zhigang and Wang, Xuchen and Eglinton, Timothy Ian and Yuan, Zineng and Xing, Lei and Zhang, Hailong and Zhao, Meixun}
}
@article {2626,
	title = {Spatiotemporal Variation of the Quality, Origin, and Age of Particulate Organic Matter Transported by the Yangtze River (Changjiang)},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-09-2018},
	pages = {2908 - 2921},
	abstract = {Information on the age dynamics of particulate organic matter (POM) in large river systems is currently sparse and represents an important knowledge gap in our understanding of the global carbon cycle. Here we examine variations in organic geochemical characteristics of suspended sediments from the Changjiang (Yangtze River) system collected between 1997 and 2010. Higher particulate organic carbon content (POC\%) values were observed in the middle reach, especially after 2003, and are attributed to the increase of in situ (aquatic) primary production associated with decreased total suspended matter concentrations. Corresponding C-14 values from depth profiles taken in 2009 and 2010 indicate spatial and temporal variations in POC sources within the basin. Two isotopic mass balance approaches were explored to quantitatively apportion different sources of Changjiang POM. Results indicate that contributions of biomass and pre-aged soil organic matter are dominant, regardless of hydrological conditions, with soil-derived organic carbon comprising 17-56\% of POC based on a Monte Carlo three-end-member mixing model. In contrast, binary mixing model calculations suggest that up to 80\% of POC (2009 samples only) derived from biospheric sources. The emplacement of the Three Gorges Dam and resulting trapping of sediment from the upper reach of the watershed resulted in a modification of POM C-14 ages in the reservoir. With the resulting decline in sediment load and increase in the proportion of modern POC in the lower reach, these changes in POM flux and composition of the Changjiang have significant implications for downstream carbon cycle processes.},
	keywords = {Changjiang, organic carbon, radiocarbon, suspended particulate matter, Three Gorges Dam},
	issn = {2169-8953},
	doi = {10.1029/2017JG004285},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2017JG004285http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1029/2017JG004285/fullpdfhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1029\%2F2017JG004285},
	author = {Wu, Ying and Eglinton, Timothy I. and Zhang, Jing and Montlu{\c c}on, Daniel B.}
}
@article {2896,
	title = {Variance and Rate-of-Change as Early Warning Signals for a Critical Transition in an Aquatic Ecosystem State: A Test Case From Tasmania, Australia},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-02-2018},
	pages = {495 - 508},
	abstract = {Critical transitions in ecosystem states are often sudden and unpredictable. Consequently, there is a concerted effort to identify measurable early warning signals (EWS) for these important events. Aquatic ecosystems provide an opportunity to observe critical transitions due to their high sensitivity and rapid response times. Using palaeoecological techniques, we can measure properties of time series data to determine if critical transitions are preceded by any measurable ecosystem metrics, that is, identify EWS. Using a suite of palaeoenvironmental data spanning the last 2,400 years (diatoms, pollen, geochemistry, and charcoal influx), we assess whether a critical transition in diatom community structure was preceded by measurable EWS. Lake Vera, in the temperate rain forest of western Tasmania, Australia, has a diatom community dominated by Discostella stelligera and undergoes an abrupt compositional shift at ca. 820 cal yr BP that is concomitant with increased fire disturbance of the local vegetation. This shift is manifest as a transition from less oligotrophic acidic diatom flora (Achnanthidium minutissimum, Brachysira styriaca, and Fragilaria capucina) to more oligotrophic acidic taxa (Frustulia elongatissima, Eunotia diodon, and Gomphonema multiforme). We observe a marked increase in compositional variance and rate-of-change prior to this critical transition, revealing these metrics are useful EWS in this system. Interestingly, vegetation remains complacent to fire disturbance until after the shift in the diatom community. Disturbance taxa invade and the vegetation system experiences an increase in both compositional variance and rate-of-change. These trends imply an approaching critical transition in the vegetation and the probable collapse of the local rain forest system.},
	keywords = {carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, critical transitions, diatoms, early warning signals, polleen, Tasmania},
	doi = {10.1002/2017JG004135},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2017JG004135},
	author = {Beck, Kristen K. and Fletcher, Michael-Shawn and Gadd, Patricia S. and Heijnis, Henk and Saunders, Krystyna M. and Simpson, Gavin L. and Zawadzki, Atun}
}
@article {2840,
	title = {Aged dissolved organic carbon exported from rivers of the Tibetan Plateau},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Feb-05-2019},
	pages = {e0178166},
	abstract = {The role played by river networks in regional and global carbon cycle is receiving increasing attention. Despite the potential of radiocarbon measurements (14C) to elucidate sources and cycling of different riverine carbon pools, there remain large regions such as the climate-sensitive Tibetan Plateau for which no data are available. Here we provide new 14C data on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from three large Asian rivers (the Yellow, Yangtze and Yarlung Tsangpo Rivers) running on the Tibetan Plateau and present the carbon transportation pattern in rivers of the plateau versus other river system in the world. Despite higher discharge rates during the high flow season, the DOC yield of Tibetan Plateau rivers (0.41 gC m-2 yr-1) was lower than most other rivers due to lower concentrations. Radiocarbon ages of the DOC were older/more depleted (511{\textpm}294 years before present, yr BP) in the Tibetan rivers than those in Arctic and tropical rivers. A positive correlation between radiocarbon age and permafrost watershed coverage was observed, indicating that 14C-deplted/old carbon is exported from permafrost regions of the Tibetan Plateau during periods of high flow. This is in sharp contrast to permafrost regions of the Arctic which export 14C-enriched carbon during high discharge periods.},
	keywords = {Carbon cycle, Carbon dioxide, Climate change, Rain, Rivers, Surface water, Tibetan people, TIBETAN PLATEAU},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0178166},
	url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178166},
	author = {Qu, Bin and Sillanp{\"a}{\"a}, Mika and Li, Chaoliu and Kang, Shichang and Stubbins, Aron and Yan, Fangping and Aho, Kelly Sue and Zhou, Feng and Raymond, Peter A.},
	editor = {Lin, Senjie}
}
@article {1284,
	title = { Allochthonous sources and dynamic cycling of ocean dissolved organic carbon revealed by carbon isotopes},
	journal = {GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2017},
	month = {03/2017},
	pages = {2407-2415},
	abstract = {We present concentration and isotopic profiles of total, size, and polarity fractionated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from Station ALOHA (A Long-term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment), an oligotrophic site in the North Pacific Ocean. The data show that, between the surface and 3500 m, low molecular weight (LMW) hydrophilic DOC, LMW hydrophobic DOC, and high molecular weight (HMW) DOC constitute 22-33\%, 45-52\%, and 23-35\% of DOC, respectively. LMW hydrophilic DOC is more isotopically depleted (delta C-13 of -23.9 parts per thousand to -31.5 parts per thousand and Delta C-14 of -304 parts per thousand to -795 parts per thousand; mean age of 2850 to 15000 years) than the LMW hydrophobic DOC (delta C-13 of -22 parts per thousand to -23 parts per thousand and Delta C-14 of -270 parts per thousand to -568 parts per thousand; 2470 to 6680 years) and HMW DOC (delta C-13 of similar to-21 parts per thousand and Delta C-14 of -24 parts per thousand to -294 parts per thousand; 135-2700 years). Our analyses suggest that a large fraction of DOC may be derived from allochthonous sources such as terrestrial and hydrothermal DOC and cycle on much longer time scales of > 10000 years or enter the ocean as preaged carbon.},
	keywords = {ATLANTIC BIGHT, BLACK CARBON, C-14, HUMIC SUBSTANCES, MATTER, NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN, RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS, SARGASSO SEA, SEAWATER, SPECTROMETRY},
	doi = {10.1002/2016GL071348},
	author = {Zigah, Prosper K. and McNichol, Ann P. and Xu, Li and Johnson, Carl and Santinelli, Chiara and Karl, David M. and Repeta, Daniel J.}
}
@article {1093,
	title = {Assessing the Blank Carbon Contribution, Isotope Mass Balance, and Kinetic Isotope Fractionation of the Ramped Pyrolysis/Oxidation Instrument at NOSAMS},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {59223{\textendash}22493970409},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-02-2017},
	pages = {179 - 193},
	abstract = {We estimate the blank carbon mass over the course of a typical Ramped PyrOx (RPO) analysis (150-1000 degrees C; 5 degrees C x min(-1)) to be (3.7 +/- 0.6) mu g C with an Fm value of 0.555 +/- 0.042 and a delta C-13 value of (-29.0 +/- 0.1)parts per thousand VPDB. Additionally, we provide equations for RPO Fm and delta C-13 blank corrections, including associated error propagation. By comparing RPO mass-weighted mean and independently measured bulk delta C-13 values for a compilation of environmental samples and standard reference materials (SRMs), we observe a small yet consistent delta C-13 depletion within the RPO instrument (mean-bulk: mu = -0.8 parts per thousand; +/- 1 sigma = 0.9 parts per thousand; n = 66). In contrast, because they are fractionation-corrected by definition, mass-weighted mean Fm values accurately match bulk measurements (mean-bulk: mu = 0.005; +/- 1 sigma = 0.014; n = 36). Lastly, we show there exists no significant intra-sample delta C-13 variability across carbonate SRM peaks, indicating minimal mass-dependent kinetic isotope fractionation during RPO analysis. These data are best explained by a difference in activation energy between C-13- and C-12-containing compounds ((13-12)Delta E) of 0.3-1.8 J x mol(-1), indicating that blank and mass-balance corrected RPO delta C-13 values accurately retain carbon source isotope signals to within 1-2 parts per thousand.},
	keywords = {Ramped PyrOx; blank assessment; kinetic fractionation},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2017.3},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822217000030/type/journal_article},
	author = {Hemingway, Jordon D and Galy, Valier V and Gagnon, Alan R and Grant, Katherine E and Rosengard, Sarah Z and Soulet, Guillaume and Zigah, Prosper K and McNichol, Ann P}
}
@article {Chen2017,
	title = {Climate and environmental changes for the past 44 ka clarified by pollen and algae composition in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea (Japan Sea)},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {-},
	abstract = {Abstract The pollen and algae records derived from core KCES-1 in the East Sea (Japan Sea) reveal vegetation and climate changes during the past 44 ka. From 44 to 36~cal ka BP, forest vegetation in the coastal regions of Ulleung Basin was composed predominantly of subalpine conifer forest, open grassland covered the exposed continental shelves, indicating a cool and dry climate. During the period of 36{\textendash}28.3~cal ka BP, a warmer and wetter climate caused the contraction of subalpine conifer forest in the coastal regions of Ulleung Basin, and the expansion of marsh in the exposed continental shelves. From 28.3 to 17.6~cal ka BP, the sea-level decline restricted the herbs pollen originates in the exposed shelf of East China Sea and Yellow Sea inflow into the East Sea (Japan Sea), and caused the reduction of herbs pollen in the site location. During the time interval of 17.6{\textendash}15.1~cal ka BP, a great expansion of subalpine conifer forest can be regarded as the consequence of enhanced East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). The obvious increase in temperate deciduous broadleaved trees, spores and algae can be attributable to the rising of sea level and the warming of climate from 15.1 to 12.1~cal ka BP. During the period of 12.1 to 5.3~cal ka BP, broadleaved taxa increased, especially during the time period of 9.5{\textendash}5.3~cal ka BP, evergreen broadleaved trees pollen reach the highest values throughout the core, as a result of the Holocene climate optimum condition. Vegetation changes controlled by humid impacts occurred at the late Holocene, as indicated by an increase in Pinus pollen.},
	keywords = {East Sea (Japan Sea)},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.09.052},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216300829},
	author = {Jinxia Chen and Yanguang Liu and Xuefa Shi and Bong-Chool Suk and Jianjun Zou and Zhengquan Yao}
}
@book {2568,
	title = {Coastal Research LibraryCoastline Changes of the Baltic Sea from South to EastConstraints of Radiocarbon Dating in Southeastern Baltic Lagoons: Assessing the Vital Effects},
	series = {Coastline Changes of the Baltic Sea from South to East},
	number = {19},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {137 - 171},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	organization = {Springer International Publishing},
	address = {Cham},
	abstract = {During the past decades, a suite of radiocarbon (14C), infrared optically stimulated luminescence (IR-OSL), and electron spin resonance (ESR) dates were compiled on a variety of materials from the Curonian and Vistula lagoons and spits of the southeastern Baltic Sea. These dated materials generally included lagoon sediments and mollusc shells, along with samples of fossil fish remains, peat, wood, and water bicarbonates. A growing number of 14C dates (conventional and AMS) demonstrates disparities and contradictions with the associated IR-OSL dates and palaeobotanical investigations of contemporary materials. Detailed analyses of 14C, IR-OSL and ESR chronologies and experimental 14C dating of modern live molluscs and water bicarbonates from the Curonian Lagoon and its main tributary {\textendash} Nemunas-Neris River system {\textendash} reveals a substantial influx of {\textquotedblleft}old{\textquotedblright} carbonates into the lagoon. As a result, the uncertainty of reservoir effect added a considerable error to the 14C ages. Moreover, fossil molluscs of the same species extracted from boreholes and outcrops yield significantly younger ages (up to several millennia) than the enclosing sediments. Both of these trends {\textendash} aging and rejuvenation {\textendash} highlight an urgent need for constraining the local reservoir correction (ΔR). Several scenarios are presented to explain the impact of vital effects on radiocarbon chronology of carbonates and to offer strategies to account for them in future studies.},
	keywords = {Curonian lagoon, ESR, IR-OSL, Molluscs, radiocarbon, Reservoir effect, Vistula lagoon},
	isbn = {978-3-319-49892-8},
	issn = {2211-0577},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-49894-210.1007/978-3-319-49894-2_8},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-49894-2_8},
	author = {Bitinas, Albertas and {\v z}eika, Jonas and Buynevich, Ilya V. and {\v s}yte, Aldona and Molodkov, Anatoly and e, Alma},
	editor = {Harff, Jan and {\'n}czyk, Kazimierz and von Storch, Hans}
}
@article {Zigah2017,
	title = {Constraining the sources and cycling of dissolved organic carbon in a large oligotrophic lake using radiocarbon analyses},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {208},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {102-118},
	abstract = {Abstract We measured the concentrations and isotopic compositions of solid phase extracted (SPE) dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and high molecular weight (HMW) \{DOC\} and their constituent organic components in order to better constrain the sources and cycling of \{DOC\} in a large oligotrophic lacustrine system (Lake Superior, North America). \{SPE\} \{DOC\} constituted a significant proportion (41-71\%) of the lake \{DOC\} relative to \{HMW\} \{DOC\} (10-13\%). Substantial contribution of 14C-depleted components to both \{SPE\} \{DOC\} (Δ14C = 25 to 43{\textperthousand}) and \{HMW\} \{DOC\} (Δ14C = 22 to 32{\textperthousand}) was evident during spring mixing, and depressed their radiocarbon values relative to the lake dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC; Δ14C \~{} 59{\textperthousand}). There was preferential removal of 14C-depleted (older) and thermally recalcitrant components from \{HMW\} \{DOC\} and \{SPE\} \{DOC\} in the summer. Contemporary photoautotrophic addition to \{HMW\} \{DOC\} was observed during summer stratification in contrast to \{SPE\} DOC, which decreased in concentration during stratification. Serial thermal oxidation radiocarbon analysis revealed a diversity of sources (both contemporary and older) within the \{SPE\} DOC, and also showed distinct components within the \{HMW\} DOC. The thermally labile components of \{HMW\} \{DOC\} were 14C-enriched and are attributed to heteropolysaccharides (HPS), peptides/amide and amino sugars (AMS) relative to the thermally recalcitrant components reflecting the presence of older material, perhaps carboxylic-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM). The solvent extractable lipid-like fraction of \{HMW\} \{DOC\} was very 14C-depleted (as old as 1270-2320 14C years) relative to the substances isolated by acid hydrolysis of \{HMW\} DOC. Our data constrain relative influences of contemporary \{DOC\} and old DOC, and \{DOC\} cycling in a modern freshwater ecosystem.},
	keywords = {atmospheric co2, Carbohydrate-like substance, Carboxylic-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM), Contemporary DOC, dissolved inorganic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, Freshwater carbon cycling, Heteropolysaccharides (HPS), High molecular weight DOC, Lake Superior, Lipid-like fraction, Old DOC, Oligotrophic lake, Protein-like substance, radiocarbon, Serial thermal oxidation, Solid phase extracted DOC, Stable isotope, Unhydrolysable material},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2017.03.021},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703717301722},
	author = {Prosper K. Zigah and Elizabeth C. Minor and Ann P. McNichol and Li Xu and Josef P. Werne}
}
@article {2904,
	title = {Coupling of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude climate during the early to mid-Holocene},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-12-2017},
	pages = {1083 - 1086},
	abstract = {Conceptual models predict a tight coupling between the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the Southern Westerly Winds (SWW) in response to glacial-interglacial transitions, yet little is known about this relationship under Holocene boundary conditions. Here we present a synthesis of Holocene pollen data from the southwest Pacific mid-latitudes that tracks changes in the SWW. Comparison of our SWW paleoclimate records with data tracking the ITCZ, oceanic circulation, and insolation reveals clearly synchronous and in-phase ITCZ-SWW dynamics between 12 and 5 ka, indicating a tight coupling between the tropics and southern mid-latitudes in response to ocean circulation and insolation. An apparent decoupling of the SWW and ITCZ in the Pacific region after 5 ka is attributable to the overriding influence of the El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation (ENSO) over the proxy data.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G39705.110.1130/2017385},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geology/article-lookup?doi=10.1130/G39705.1},
	author = {Mariani, Michela and Fletcher, Michael-Shawn and Drysdale, Russell N. and Saunders, Krystyna M. and Heijnis, Henk and Jacobsen, Geraldine and Zawadzki, Atun}
}
@article {2778,
	title = {Divergent Evolution of Carbonaceous Aerosols during Dispersal of East Asian Haze},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-12-2017},
	abstract = {Wintertime East Asia is plagued by severe haze episodes, characterized by large contributions of carbonaceous aerosols. However, the sources and atmospheric transformations of these major components are poorly constrained, hindering development of efficient mitigation strategies and detailed modelling of effects. Here we present dual carbon isotope (δ13C and Δ14C) signatures for black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) aerosols collected in urban (Beijing and BC for Shanghai) and regional receptors (e.g., Korea Climate Observatory at Gosan) during January 2014. Fossil sources (>50\%) dominate BC at all sites with most stemming from coal combustion, except for Shanghai, where liquid fossil source is largest. During source-to-receptor transport, the δ13C fingerprint becomes enriched for WSOC but depleted for water-insoluble OC (WIOC). This reveals that the atmospheric processing of these two major pools are fundamentally different. The photochemical aging (e.g., photodissociation, photooxidation) during formation and transport can release CO2/CO or short-chain VOCs with lighter carbon, whereas the remaining WSOC becomes increasingly enriched in δ13C. On the other hand, several processes, e.g., secondary formation, rearrangement reaction in the particle phase, and photooxidation can influence WIOC. Taken together, this study highlights high fossil contributions for all carbonaceous aerosol sub-compartments in East Asia, and suggests different transformation pathways for different classes of carbonaceous aerosols.},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-10766-4},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-10766-4},
	author = {Fang, Wenzheng and Andersson, August and Zheng, Mei and Lee, Meehye and Holmstrand, Henry and Kim, Sang-Woo and Du, Ke and Gustafsson, {\"O}rjan}
}
@article {Bradford2017246,
	title = {Elucidating carbon sources driving microbial metabolism during oil sands reclamation},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},
	volume = {188},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {246 - 254},
	abstract = {Abstract Microbial communities play key roles in remediation and reclamation of contaminated environments via biogeochemical cycling of organic and inorganic components. Understanding the trends in in situ microbial community abundance, metabolism and carbon sources is therefore a crucial component of effective site management. The focus of this study was to use radiocarbon analysis to elucidate the carbon sources driving microbial metabolism within the first pilot wetland reclamation project in the Alberta oil sands region where the observation of \{H2S\} had indicated the occurrence of microbial sulphate reduction. The reclamation project involved construction of a three compartment system consisting of a freshwater wetland on top of a sand cap overlying a composite tailings (CT) deposit. Radiocarbon analysis demonstrated that both dissolved and sediment associated organic carbon associated with the deepest compartments (the \{CT\} and sand cap) was primarily fossil (Δ14C~=~-769 to~-955{\textperthousand}) while organic carbon in the overlying peat was hundreds to thousands of years old (Δ14C~=~-250 to~-350{\textperthousand}). Radiocarbon contents of sediment associated microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) were consistent with the sediment bulk organic carbon pools (Peat: Δ14CPLFA~=~-257{\textperthousand}; Sand cap Δ14CPLFA~=~-805{\textperthousand}) indicating that these microbes were using sediment associated carbon. In contrast, microbial \{PLFA\} grown on biofilm units installed in wells within the deepest compartments contained much more modern carbon that the associated bulk carbon pools. This implied that the transfer of relatively more modern carbon was stimulating the microbial community at depth within the system. Correlation between cellular abundance estimates based on \{PLFA\} concentrations and the Δ14CPLFA indicated that the utilization of this more modern carbon was stimulating the microbial community at depth. These results highlight the importance of understanding the occurrence and potential outcomes of the introduction of relatively bioavailable carbon to mine wastes in order to predict and manage the performance of reclamation strategies.},
	keywords = {Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA)},
	issn = {0301-4797},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.029},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479716309045},
	author = {Lauren M. Bradford and Lori A. Ziolkowski and Corey Goad and Lesley A. Warren and Gregory F. Slater}
}
@article {2697,
	title = {The experimental flow to the Colorado River delta: Effects on carbon mobilization in a dry watercourse},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {122},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-03-2017},
	pages = {607 - 627},
	abstract = {Here we report on the effects of an experimental flood on the carbon cycling dynamics in the dry watercourse of the Colorado River in Mexico. We observed post-flood differences in the degree of decay, age, and concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), as well as dissolved CH4 and CO2 concentrations throughout the study site. Our results indicate that this flooded waterway was a limited source of CH4 and CO2 to the atmosphere during the event and that DOC age increased with time of flooding. Based on our findings, we suggest that the interplay between storage and mobilization of carbon and greenhouse gases in arid and semiarid regions is potentially sensitive to changing climate conditions, particularly hydrologic variability. Changes in the radiocarbon age of DOC throughout the flooding event suggest that organic matter (OM) that had been stored for long periods (e.g., millennial) was mobilized by the flooding event along with CO2. The OM residing in the dry riverbed that was mobilized into floodwaters had a signature reflective of degraded vascular plant OM and microbial biomass. Whether this microbial OM was living or dead, our findings support previous work in soils and natural waters showing that microbial OM can remain stable and stored in ecosystems for long time periods. As human appropriation of water resources continues to increase, the episodic drying and rewetting of once natural riverbeds and deltas may fundamentally alter the processing and storage of carbon in such systems.},
	keywords = {carbon cycling, Colorado River, dry watercourse, flooding, greenhouse gases, mobilization},
	doi = {10.1002/2016JG003555},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JG003555},
	author = {Bianchi, Thomas S. and Butman, David and Raymond, Peter A. and Ward, Nicholas D. and Kates, Rory J. S. and Flessa, Karl W. and Zamora, Hector and Arellano, Ana R. and Ramirez, Jorge and Rodriguez, Eliana}
}
@article {2798,
	title = {Millennial mode of variability of sea ice conditions in the Okhotsk Sea during the last glaciation (MIS 4{\textendash}MIS 2)},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {459},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-11-2017},
	pages = {187 - 200},
	abstract = {Coarse fraction (CF) content, grain-size distribution, roundness of CF, gravels and pebbles, and examination of surface of pebbles were studied in core LV28-44-4, recovered from the eastern Okhotsk Sea (OS). The age model of the studied core was based on the AMS 14C data, tephrochronology, δ18O benthic foraminifera record, and correlation of peaks of productivity proxies with long-lasted Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) interstadials. The results show that sea ice was the main transport agent for CF (ice-rafted debris, IRD) in the eastern OS. Published mineralogical studies of clastic material of the OS indicated that the coast of western Kamchatka was the main source of IRD in the eastern OS. We found 19 peaks of IRD, which mostly coincided with DO stadials. The distribution of CF indicates a different pattern of IRD supply during MIS 4, 3, and 2. Comparison of IRD records in the eastern and central parts of the OS allow us to reconstruct millennial changes in ice and wind modes for MIS 4{\textendash}MIS 2. Significant strengthening of northeastern and eastern winds during DOSs of MIS 3 and of northern and north-western winds during MIS 2 were observed.},
	keywords = {Ice mode, Ice-rafted debris, Millennial-scale variation, Okhotsk Sea, Wind mode},
	issn = {10406182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2017.09.039},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1040618216313258},
	author = {Vasilenko, Yuriy P. and Gorbarenko, Sergey A. and Bosin, Aleksandr A. and Shi, Xue-fa and Chen, Min-Te and Zou, Jian-jun and Liu, Yan-guang and Artemova, Antonina V. and Yanchenko, Elena A. and Savenko, Mikhail P.}
}
@article {2527,
	title = {Mobilization and export of millennial-aged organic carbon by the Yellow River},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-04-2017},
	abstract = {A combined carbon isotope (13C and 14C) study was carried out to investigate the sources and fate of organic carbon (OC) transported by the Yellow River and preserved in the sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas. In 2015, the Yellow River delivered 3.14 {\texttimes} 1010 g C and 4.12 {\texttimes} 1010 g C of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) to the Bohai Sea. Carbon isotope signatures revealed that the Yellow River transports millennial-aged DOC and POC during all seasons. The values of δ13C-DOC ranged from -24.7{\textperthousand} to -28.8{\textperthousand} in the river basin, and -21.0{\textperthousand} to -27.0{\textperthousand} in the lower reach. The 14C ages of DOC were 415{\textendash}1690 yr before present (BP) in the river basin, and they were relatively constant seasonally (1320{\textendash}1690 yr BP) in the lower reach of the river. In comparison, POC δ13C values in the river were less variable (-22.8{\textperthousand} to -25.0{\textperthousand}), but much older in both the river basin (4960 {\textpm} 1690 yr BP) and in the lower reach (4040 {\textpm} 1050 yr BP). Calculations using a dual-isotopic three-end member model revealed that biomass OC derived from C3 plants was the major source of riverine DOC, contributing 65\% {\textpm} 8\% and 52\% {\textpm} 2\% in the river basin and lower reach seasonally. Pre-aged soil OC and fossil OC from weathering contributed 21{\textendash}42\% and 6{\textendash}14\% of the DOC, respectively. In contrast, pre-aged soil OC and fossil OC contributed 60{\textendash}70\% and 17{\textendash}27\% of POC, and biomass OC contributed a minor fraction (13\% {\textpm} 7\%) of riverine POC. Our results further revealed that aged riverine POC had a major influence on OC preservation in the delta and coastal sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas. The age of OC in surface sediments varied widely (1610{\textendash}8275 yr) due to the influence of Yellow River input. Pre-aged soil OC and fossil OC each contributed 32\% {\textpm} 8\% and 22\% {\textpm} 14\% of OC preserved in the sediments. We estimate that about 0.27 Mt yr-1 and 0.07 Mt yr-1 of pre-aged soil OC and fossil OC accumulate in the surface sediments from POC delivered by the modern Yellow River, and 0.013 Mt yr-1 and 0.002 Mt yr-1 of pre-aged soil OC and fossil OC enters the coastal DOC cycle from riverine DOC. The millennial-aged OC delivered to coastal seas by the Yellow River therefore has profound impacts not only on carbon cycling and the carbon budget in the marginal sea, but also on coastal ecosystems and biogeochemical processes.},
	doi = {10.1002/lno.10579},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/lno.10579http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/lno.10579/fullpdfhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2Flno.10579},
	author = {Xue, Yuejun and Zou, Li and Ge, Tiantian and Wang, Xuchen}
}
@article {2880,
	title = {The perfect storm: climate change and ancient Maya response in the Puuc Hills region of Yucat{\'a}nAbstract},
	journal = {Antiquity},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-04-2017},
	pages = {490 - 509},
	abstract = {Climatic fluctuation is often cited as a major factor in the collapse of Maya civilisation during the Terminal Classic Period (e.g. Luzzadder-Beach et al. 2016). Evidence of how people dealt or failed to deal with it has only recently become a more widespread focus for archaeologists. Investigations at Xcoch in the Puuc Hills show the various ways in which resident populations sought to manage water stores when faced with a climate prone to drought and other meteorological extremes. The study also presents results from the analysis of nearby speleothem laminae, which indicate that severe episodes of flooding and droughts may have contributed to a collapse in the population around AD 850.},
	keywords = {drought, flooding, Maya, M{\'e}xico, speleothem, Xcoch, Yucat{\'a}n},
	issn = {0003-598X},
	doi = {10.15184/aqy.2016.266},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003598X16002660/type/journal_article},
	author = {Smyth, Michael P. and Dunning, Nicholas P. and Weaver, Eric M. and van Beynen, Philip and Zapata, David Orteg{\'o}n}
}
@article {2698,
	title = {Permafrost Organic Carbon Mobilization From the Watershed to the Colville River Delta: Evidence From 14C Ramped Pyrolysis and Lignin Biomarkers},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Apr-11-2019},
	pages = {11,491 - 11,500},
	abstract = {The deposition of terrestrial-derived permafrost particulate organic carbon (POC) has been recorded in major Arctic river deltas. However, associated transport pathways of permafrost POC from the watershed to the coast have not been well constrained. Here we utilized a combination of ramped pyrolysis-oxidation radiocarbon analysis (RPO 14C) along with lignin biomarkers, to track the linkages between soils and river and delta sediments. Surface and deep soils showed distinct RPO thermographs which may be related to degradation and organo-mineral interaction. Soil material in the bed load of the river channel was mostly derived from deep old permafrost. Both surface and deep soils were transported and deposited to the coast. Hydrodynamic sorting and barrier island protection played important roles in terrestrial-derived permafrost POC deposition near the coast. On a large scale, ice processes (e.g., ice gauging and strudel scour) and ocean currents controlled the transport and distribution of permafrost POC on the Beaufort Shelf.},
	keywords = {Arctic, carbon cycling, Colville River, Lignin, permafrost, pyrolysis},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1002/grl.v44.2210.1002/2017GL075543},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2017GL075543},
	author = {Zhang, Xiaowen and Bianchi, Thomas S. and Cui, Xingqian and Rosenheim, Brad E. and Ping, Chien-Lu and Hanna, Andrea J. M. and Kanevskiy, Mikhail and Schreiner, Kathryn M. and Allison, Mead A.}
}
@article {Zhao201730,
	title = {Pleistocene iceberg dynamics on the west Svalbard margin: Evidence from bathymetric and sub-bottom profiler data},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {161},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {30 - 44},
	abstract = {Abstract Large icebergs leave evidence of their drift via ploughing of the seabed, thereby providing a geological record of episodes of calving from thick ice sheets. We interpret large-scale curvilinear depressions on the western Svalbard margin as ploughmarks produced by the keels of icebergs that grounded on the seafloor as they drifted through this area. Iceberg ploughmarks were identified at modern water depths between 300~m and 1000~m and in two distinct stratigraphic units. Combining data from sediment cores with seismic stratigraphy from sub-bottom profiler data suggests that the ploughmarks developed in two phases: (1) during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6; and (2) during \{MIS\} 2, indicating the presence of large drifting icebergs on the western Svalbard margin during both the Late Saalian and Late Weichselian glaciations. Sediment-core data along the western Svalbard margin indicate a sharp increase in mass-transported sediments dated at 23.7~{\textpm}~0.2 ka, consistent with the \{MIS\} 2 age of the younger iceberg-ploughed surface. The ploughmarks are oriented in two main directions: SW-NE and S-N. S-N oriented ploughmarks, which shallow to the north, indicate iceberg drift from the south with a SW{\textendash}NE component marking the zone of splitting of the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) into the Yermak Slope Current (YSC) and North Spitsbergen Current (NSC). Large \{MIS\} 6 and \{MIS\} 2 icebergs most likely had an Arctic Ocean source. We suggest that these icebergs probably left the Arctic Ocean southward through Fram Strait and circulated within the Norwegian-Greenland Sea before being transported northwards along the Svalbard margin by the WSC. An additional likely source of icebergs to the western Svalbard margin during \{MIS\} 2 was the ice-sheet terminating in the western Barents Sea, from which icebergs drifted northward.},
	keywords = {Pleistocene},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.019},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379117300860},
	author = {Fang Zhao and Timothy A. Minshull and Anya J. Crocker and Julian A. Dowdeswell and Shiguo Wu and Simon M. Soryal}
}
@book {2837,
	title = {Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery ProgramExpedition 357 methods},
	year = {2017},
	publisher = {International Ocean Discovery Program},
	organization = {International Ocean Discovery Program},
	doi = {10.14379/iodp.proc.357.102.2017},
	url = {http://publications.iodp.org/proceedings/357/357title.html},
	author = {Fr{\"u}h-Green, G.L. and Orcutt, B.N. and Green, S.L. and Cotterill, C. and Morgan, S. and Akizawa, N. and Bayrakci, G. and Behrmann, J.-H. and Boschi, C. and Brazleton, W.J. and Cannat, M. and Dunkel, K.G. and Escartin, J. and Harris, M. and Herrero-Bervera, E. and Hesse, K. and John, B.E. and Lang, S.Q. and Lilley, M.D. and Liu, H.-Q. and Mayhew, L.E. and McCaig, A.M. and Menez, B. and Morono, Y. and Qu{\'e}m{\'e}neur, M. and Roum{\'e}jon, S. and Sandaruwan Ratnayake, A. and Schrenk, M.O. and Schwarzenbach, E.M. and Twing, K.I. and Weis, D. and Whattham, S.A. and Williams, M. and Zhao, R.},
	editor = {Fr{\"u}h-Green, G.L. and Orcutt, B.N. and Green, S.L. and Cotterill, C.}
}
@article {Radloff2017142,
	title = {Reversible adsorption and flushing of arsenic in a shallow, Holocene aquifer of Bangladesh},
	journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Environmental and Health Roles of Geogenic Arsenic},
	pages = {142 - 157},
	abstract = {Abstract The spatial heterogeneity of dissolved arsenic (As) concentrations in shallow groundwater of the Bengal Basin has been attributed to transport of As (and reactive carbon) from external sources or to the release of As from within grey sand formations. We explore the latter scenario in this detailed hydrological and geochemical study along a 300~m transect of a shallow aquifer extending from a groundwater recharge area within a sandy channel bar to its discharge into a nearby stream. Within the 10{\textendash}20~m depth range, groundwater ages along the transect determined by the 3H{\textendash}3He method increase from \&lt;10~yr in the recharge area to a maximum of 40~yr towards the stream. Concentrations of groundwater As within the same grey sands increase from 10 to 100 to \~{}500~μg/L along this transect. Evidence of reversible adsorption of As between the groundwater and sediment was obtained from a series of push{\textendash}pull experiments, traditional batch adsorption experiments, and the accidental flooding of a shallow monitoring well. Assuming reversible adsorption and a distribution coefficient, Kd, of 0.15{\textendash}1.5~L/kg inferred from these observations, a simple flushing model shows that the increase in As concentrations with depth and groundwater age at this site, and at other sites in the Bengal and Red River Basins, can be attributed to the evolution of the aquifer over 100{\textendash}1000 years as aquifer sands are gradually flushed of their initial As content. A wide range of As concentrations can thus be maintained in groundwater with increases with depth governed by the history of flushing and local recharge rates, without external inputs of reactive carbon or As from other sources.},
	keywords = {Push{\textendash}pull tests},
	issn = {0883-2927},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.11.003},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883292715300706},
	author = {Kathleen A. Radloff and Yan Zheng and Martin Stute and Beth Weinman and Benjamin Bostick and Ivan Mihajlov and Margaret Bounds and M.Moshiur Rahman and M.Rezaul Huq and Kazi M. Ahmed and Peter Schlosser and Alexander van Geen}
}
@article {2889,
	title = {Sedimentary record from the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean: implications for late to middle Pleistocene glacial history},
	journal = {Climate of the Past},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-01-2017},
	pages = {511 - 531},
	abstract = {ediment core ARC4-BN05 collected from the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean, covers the late to middle Quaternary (Marine Isotope Stage {\textendash} MIS {\textendash} 1{\textendash}15, ca. 0.5{\textendash}0.6 Ma) as estimated by correlation to earlier proposed Arctic Ocean stratigraphies and AMS14C dating of the youngest sediments. Detailed examination of clay and bulk mineralogy along with grain size, content of Ca and Mn, and planktic foraminiferal numbers in core ARC4{\textendash}BN05 provides important new information about sedimentary environments and provenance. We use increased contents of coarse debris as an indicator of glacier collapse events at the margins of the western Arctic Ocean, and identify the provenance of these events from mineralogical composition. Notably, peaks of dolomite debris, including large dropstones, track the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) discharge events to the Arctic Ocean. Major LIS inputs occurred during the stratigraphic intervals estimated as MIS 3, intra-MIS 5 and 7 events, MIS 8, and MIS 10. Inputs from the East Siberian Ice Sheet (ESIS) are inferred from peaks of smectite, kaolinite, and chlorite associated with coarse sediment. Major ESIS sedimentary events occurred in the intervals estimated as MIS 4, MIS 6 and MIS 12. Differences in LIS vs. ESIS inputs can be explained by ice-sheet configurations at different sea levels, sediment delivery mechanisms (iceberg rafting, suspension plumes, and debris flows), and surface circulation. A long-term change in the pattern of sediment inputs, with an apparent step change near the estimated MIS 7{\textendash}8 boundary (ca. 0.25 Ma), presumably indicates an overall glacial expansion at the western Arctic margins, especially in North America.},
	doi = {10.5194/cp-13-511-2017},
	url = {https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/13/511/2017/},
	author = {Dong, Linsen and Liu, Yanguang and Shi, Xuefa and Polyak, Leonid and Huang, Yuanhui and Fang, Xisheng and Liu, Jianxing and Zou, Jianjun and Wang, Kunshan and Sun, Fuqiang and Wang, Xuchen}
}
@article {Cronauer201659,
	title = {10Be dating reveals early-middle Holocene age of the Drygalski Moraines in central West Greenland},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {147},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Special Issue: \{PAST\} Gateways (Palaeo-Arctic Spatial and Temporal Gateways)},
	pages = {59 - 68},
	abstract = {Abstract We reconstruct the history of the Greenland Ice Sheet margin on the Nuussuaq Peninsula in central West Greenland through the Holocene using lake sediment analysis and cosmogenic 10Be exposure dating of the prominent Drygalski Moraines. Erratics perched on bedrock outboard of the Drygalski Moraines constrain local deglaciation to \~{}9.9~{\textpm}~0.6~ka (n~=~2). Three Drygalski Moraine crests yield mean 10Be ages of 8.6~{\textpm}~0.4~ka (n~=~2), 8.5~{\textpm}~0.2~ka (n~=~3), and 7.6~{\textpm}~0.1~ka (n~=~2) from outer to inner. Perched erratics between the inner two moraines average 7.8~{\textpm}~0.1~ka (n~=~2) and are consistent with the moraine ages. Sediments from a proglacial lake with a catchment area extending an estimated 2~km beneath (inland of) the present ice sheet terminus constrain an ice sheet minimum extent from 5.4~ka to 0.6~ka. The moraine chronology paired with the lake sediment stratigraphy reveals that the ice margin likely remained within \~{}2~km of its present position from \~{}9.9 to 5.4~ka. This unexpected early Holocene stability, preceded by rapid ice retreat and followed by minimum ice extent between \~{}5.4 and 0.6~ka, contrasts with many records of early Holocene warmth and the Northern Hemisphere summer insolation maximum. We suggest ice margin stability may instead be tied to adjacent ocean temperatures, which reached an optimum in the middle Holocene.},
	keywords = {Holocene},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.08.034},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379115301050},
	author = {Sandra L. Cronauer and Jason P. Briner and Samuel E. Kelley and Susan R.H. Zimmerman and Mathieu Morlighem}
}
@article {2539,
	title = {Age of the Mt.~Ortles ice cores, the Tyrolean Iceman and glaciation of the highest summit of South Tyrol since the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-01-2016},
	pages = {2779 - 2797},
	abstract = {In  2011  four  ice  cores  were  extracted  from  the summit of Alto dell{\textquoteright}Ortles (3859 m), the highest glacier of South  Tyrol  in  the  Italian  Alps.  This  drilling  site  is  located only 37 km southwest from where the Tyrolean Iceman, \~{}5.3 kyrs old, was discovered emerging from the ablating ice field of Tisenjoch (3210 m, near the Italian{\textendash}Austrian border) in 1991. The excellent preservation of this mummy suggested that the Tyrolean Iceman was continuously embedded in prehistoric ice and that additional ancient ice was likely
preserved elsewhere in South Tyrol. Dating of the ice cores from Alto dell{\textquoteright}Ortles based on 210Pb, tritium, beta activity and 14C determinations, combined with an empirical model (COPRA), provides evidence for a chronologically ordered ice  stratigraphy  from  the  modern  glacier  surface  down  to the  bottom  ice  layers  with  an  age  of \~{}7 kyrs,  which  confirms  the  hypothesis.  Our  results  indicate  that  the  drilling site has continuously been glaciated on frozen bedrock since \~{}7 kyrs BP. Absence of older ice on the highest glacier of South Tyrol is consistent with the removal of basal ice from bedrock during the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum (6{\textendash}9 kyrs BP),  the  warmest  interval  in  the  European  Alps during the Holocene. Borehole inclinometric measurements of  the  current  glacier  flow  combined  with  surface  ground penetration radar (GPR) measurements indicate that, due to the sustained atmospheric warming since the 1980s, an acceleration of the glacier Alto dell{\textquoteright}Ortles flow has just recently begun.  Given  the  stratigraphic chronological  continuity  of the Mt. Ortles cores over millennia, it can be argued that this behaviour has been unprecedented at this location since the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum.},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-10-2779-2016},
	url = {http://www.the-cryosphere.net/10/2779/2016/tc-10-2779-2016.pdf},
	author = {Gabrielli, Paolo and Barbante, Carlo and Bertagna, Giuliano and {\'o}, Michele and Binder, Daniel and Carton, Alberto and Carturan, Luca and Cazorzi, Federico and Cozzi, Giulio and Dalla Fontana, Giancarlo and Davis, Mary and De Blasi, Fabrizio and Dinale, Roberto and {\`a}, Gianfranco and Dreossi, Giuliano and Festi, Daniela and Frezzotti, Massimo and Gabrieli, Jacopo and Galos, Stephan P. and Ginot, Patrick and Heidenwolf, Petra and Jenk, Theo M. and Kehrwald, Natalie and Kenny, Donald and Magand, Olivier and Mair, Volkmar and Mikhalenko, Vladimir and Lin, Ping Nan and Oeggl, Klaus and Piffer, Gianni and Rinaldi, Mirko and Schotterer, Ulrich and Schwikowski, Margit and Seppi, Roberto and Spolaor, Andrea and Stenni, Barbara and Tonidandel, David and Uglietti, Chiara and Zagorodnov, Victor and Zanoner, Thomas and Zennaro, Piero}
}
@article {1280,
	title = {Arctic Deltaic Lake Sediments As Recorders of Fluvial Organic Matter Deposition},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016},
	pages = {77},
	abstract = {Arctic deltas are dynamic and vulnerable regions that play a key role in land-ocean interactions and the global carbon cycle. Delta lakes may provide valuable historical records of the quality and quantity of fluvial fluxes, parameters that are challenging to investigate in these remote regions. Here we study lakes from across the Mackenzie Delta, Arctic Canada, that receive fluvial sediments from the Mackenzie River when spring flood water levels rise above natural levees. We compare downcore lake sediments with suspended sediments collected during the spring flood, using bulk (\% organic carbon, \% total nitrogen, 13C, 14C) and molecular organic geochemistry (lignin, leaf waxes). High-resolution age models (137Cs, 210Pb) of downcore lake sediment records (n=11) along with lamina counting on high-resolution radiographs show sediment deposition frequencies ranging between annually to every 15 years. Down-core geochemical variability in a representative delta lake sediment core is consistent with historical variability in spring flood hydrology (variability in peak discharge, ice jamming, peak water levels). Comparison with earlier published Mackenzie River depth profiles shows that (i) lake sediments reflect the riverine surface suspended load, and (ii) hydrodynamic sorting patterns related to spring flood characteristics are reflected in the lake sediments. Bulk and molecular geochemistry of suspended particulate matter from the spring flood peak and lake sediments are relatively similar showing a mixture of modern higher-plant derived material, older terrestrial permafrost material, and old rock-derived material. This suggests that deltaic lake sedimentary records hold great promise as recorders of past (century-scale) riverine fluxes and may prove instrumental in shedding light on past behaviour of arctic rivers, as well as how they respond to a changing climate.},
	isbn = {2296-6463},
	doi = {10.3389/feart.2016.00077},
	url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2016.00077},
	author = {Vonk, Jorien E. and Dickens, Angela F. and Giosan, Liviu and Hussain, Zainab A. and Kim, Bokyung and Zipper, Samuel C. and Holmes, Robert M. and Montlu{\c c}on, Daniel B. and Galy, Valier and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {Zaremba2016109,
	title = {Controls on the stratigraphic framework and paleoenvironmental change within a Holocene estuarine system: Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, USA},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {379},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {109 - 123},
	abstract = {Abstract This study examines the Holocene stratigraphic record and paleoenvironmental evolution of a large estuarine system, at high temporal and spatial resolution, in the context of changing climate, sea level, and hydrodynamics. New data are used to examine two time periods of increased marine influence within Pamlico Sound in northeastern North Carolina interpreted to be the result of extensive barrier island segmentation synchronous with periods of rapid climate change during the late Holocene. The study reveals the controls on the stratigraphic development and the highly dynamic character of the coastal system in response to climate, and sea-level change as it interacts with paleotopography. These findings can be used to inform projections of future environmental changes. Estuarine waters occupied paleovalleys in the Pamlico Sound region as early as ca. 7500 cal \{BP\} and Pleistocene interfluves separated the paleovalleys from the Atlantic Ocean until ca. 5500 cal BP, when they were flooded by rising sealevel forming the broad, shallow Pamlico Sound. Initial barrier islands and shoals likely formed sometime between 5500 and 5000 cal BP, providing the geomorphic setting for continued estuarine conditions behind the barriers. At ca. 4000 cal BP, an increase in marine influence and sand content is detected in multiple cores, and is correlated to seismic data within the Pamlico Sound basin. This change is interpreted to be the result of increased segmentation of barrier islands (thus a greater number of inlets, or wider inlets), which is consistent with a rapid transgression seen in other areas of the U.S. east coast. The segmentation may have been partially facilitated by a rapid increase in lagoonal area and tidal prism by overtopping of interfluves. Greater barrier island continuity is evident from 3500 to 1200 cal BP, as indicated by muddy deposits with low brackish estuarine foraminiferal assemblages. At ca. 1200 cal BP, seismic, sedimentological and micropaleontological data suggest an increase in wave and current energy and marine influence throughout southeastern Pamlico Sound. These changes are interpreted to represent extensive segmentation of the barrier islands during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA). Since ca. 500 cal BP, the Pamlico Sound system has returned to a more restricted state, as inlets have closed. Currently only three major inlets segment the Outer Banks, the barrier island system fronting Pamlico Sound, but warming climate and increasing rates of sea-level rise suggest that another episode of barrier island segmentation began about a half century ago and appears that it may extend into the near future.},
	keywords = {Coastal geology},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.04.012},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322716300664},
	author = {Nicholas Zaremba and David J. Mallinson and Eduardo Leorri and Stephen Culver and Stanley Riggs and Ryan Mulligan and Eric Horsman and Siddhartha Mitra}
}
@article { ISI:000389875700006,
	title = {DISSOLVED INORGANIC RADIOCARBON IN THE NORTHWEST PACIFIC CONTINENTAL MARGIN},
	journal = {RADIOCARBON},
	volume = {58},
	number = {{3}},
	year = {2016},
	month = {SEP},
	pages = {517-529},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {This article presents a modified method for extraction of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from seawater for radiocarbon measurement by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Standard tests indicate that the extraction efficiencies of DIC are >96\%, and the respective precisions of. Delta C-14-DIC and delta C-13-DIC analyses are 6\% and 0.1\% or better. Using the method, we report. Delta C-14-DIC profiles collected from the shelf and slope in the East China Sea (ECS) of the northwest Pacific Ocean. Both the DIC concentration and. Delta C-14-DIC in the shelf and slope regions seem primarily affected by the Kuroshio Current. It is estimated that 54-65\% of the bottom water in the shelf region could be from the intrusion of Kuroshio intermediate water, which carries a high concentration and low. Delta C-14 values of DIC, and which influenced the DIC and its Delta C-14 signature on the shelf. Compared with the. Delta C-14-DIC profiles at other sites in the northwest Pacific reported previously, it appears that the. Delta C-14-DIC distributions are mainly controlled by the major oceanic currents in the region, and large variations in. Delta C-14-DIC occurred mostly in the upper 800m of the water column. The similarity of. Delta C-14-DIC at depth suggests that the deep-water circulation patterns have been relatively stable in the northwest Pacific Ocean in the last 20 yr.},
	keywords = {continental margin, dissolved inorganic carbon, East China Sea, radiocarbon, stable carbon isotope},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2016.23},
	author = {Ge, Tiantian and Wang, Xuchen and Zhang, Jing and Luo, Chunle and Xue, Yuejun}
}
@article {Li2016282,
	title = {Late Quaternary fingerprints of precession and sea level variation over the past 35~kyr as revealed by sea surface temperature and upwelling records from the Indian Ocean near southernmost Sumatra},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {425},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {282 - 291},
	abstract = {Abstract We report high-resolution paleoclimatic reconstructions using isotope, alkenone sea surface temperature (SST), productivity, and terrigenous proxy variations over the past 35~kyr from core SO184-10043 (07{\textdegree}18.57'S, 105{\textdegree}03.53'E) in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean offshore of southernmost (S) Sumatra. The core was retrieved at 2171~m water depth, from the monsoon driven seasonal upwelling area off southernmost Sumatra. Our paleoclimatic reconstructions show that an enhanced marine productivity was closely linked to strengthening of coastal upwelling during the increases of boreal summer insolation and associated southeastern (SE) monsoon strength, with pronounced semi-precession cycles (\~{}11~kyr). In contrast, our record of alkenone \{SSTs\} shows glacial to interglacial, a sea-level variation, but this fluctuates at dominant precession cycles (\~{}21~kyr). We also observed four \{SST\} {\textquotedblleft}plateaus{\textquotedblright} with relatively warmer hydrographic stability in our records over the past 35~kyr: 32-27~ka, 24-20~ka, 17-12~ka, and 9-4~ka. The time scale of each plateau is \~{}4-6~kyr. Our study indicates that since the last glacial maximum (LGM), the sea level rise has been responsible for the Sunda shelf flooding and the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) from the South China Sea (SCS) to the eastern Indian Ocean, leaving a dominant fingerprint of a glacial to interglacial increase in \{SSTs\} since \~{}9.5~ka We further argue that the a most recent centennial to millennial scale cooling at \~{}3.5~ka observed in our \{SST\} record is a widespread event in the tropical Pacific, which has implications for advancing our understanding of the climate dynamics of the tropical oceans at these time scales.},
	keywords = {Quaternary},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.07.013},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216308722},
	author = {Ziye Li and Xuefa Shi and Min-Te Chen and Houjie Wang and Shengfa Liu and Jian Xu and Haiyan Long and Rainer Arief Troa and Rina Zuraida and Eko Triarso}
}
@article {Pendea201651,
	title = {Prehistoric human responses to volcanic tephra fall events in the Ust-Kamchatsk region, Kamchatka Peninsula (Kamchatsky Krai, Russian Federation) during the middle to late Holocene (6000{\textendash}500~cal~BP)},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {394},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Volcanic Activity and Human Society},
	pages = {51 - 68},
	abstract = {Abstract Prehistoric peoples in Kamchatka coped with recurrent volcanic tephra fall events during the middle to late Holocene. Recent data collected by the International Collaborative Circumpolar Archaeological Project (ICAAP) between 2009 and 2011 explores the long-term relationships between drastic landscape change and concomitant human response. A combination of new archaeological, paleoenvironmental and tephrochronological data demonstrate how the major Ksudach 1750~cal~BP (KS1) eruption accelerated settlement relocation from the interior to the paleo-coastline.},
	keywords = {Tephra},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.07.033},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618215007090},
	author = {I. Florin Pendea and Hans Harmsen and Dustin Keeler and Ezra B.W. Zubrow and Gregory Korosec and Erika Ruhl and Irina Ponkratova and Eva Hulse}
}
@article {2582,
	title = {Ancient population genomics and the study of evolution},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
	volume = {370,},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jul-01-2016},
	abstract = {Recently, the study of ancient DNA (aDNA) has been greatly enhanced by the development of second-generation DNA sequencing technologies and targeted enrichment strategies. These developments have allowed the recovery of several complete ancient genomes, a result that would have been considered virtually impossible only a decade ago. Prior to these developments, aDNA research was largely focused on the recovery of short DNA sequences and their use in the study of phylogenetic relationships, molecular rates, species identification and population structure. However, it is now possible to sequence a large number of modern and ancient complete genomes from a single species and thereby study the genomic patterns of evolutionary change over time. Such a study would herald the beginnings of ancient population genomics and its use in the study of evolution. Species that are amenable to such large-scale studies warrant increased research effort. We report here progress on a population genomic study of the Ad{\'e}lie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae). This species is ideally suited to ancient population genomic research because both modern and ancient samples are abundant in the permafrost conditions of Antarctica. This species will enable us to directly address many of the fundamental questions in ecology and evolution.},
	issn = {0962-8436},
	doi = {10.1098/rstb.2013.0381},
	url = {http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/doi/10.1098/rstb.2013.0381},
	author = {Parks, M. and Subramanian, S. and Baroni, C. and Salvatore, M. C. and Zhang, G. and Millar, C. D. and Lambert, D. M.}
}
@article {2518,
	title = {The influence of ice marginal setting on early Holocene retreat rates in central West Greenland},
	journal = {Journal of Quaternary Science},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-04-2015},
	pages = {271 - 280},
	abstract = {Ice sheet reconstructions from diverse ice margin settings, spanning multiple millennia, are needed to assess the reaction of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) to millennial-scale climatic forcing and to place historical records in a longer-term context. Here we present 18 new cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages and five new radiocarbon ages that constrain the early Holocene retreat of the GrIS in the Disko Bugt region in both a marine and a land-based setting. Results indicate similar rates of early Holocene retreat of \~{}40{\textendash}50 m a-1 from transects in Torsukattak fjord (marine setting) and the Naternaq area (land-based setting). We compile seven previously published chronologies of deglaciation from West Greenland, which yield early Holocene retreat rates ranging from 10 to 65 m a-1, similar to those determined for our two study areas. This work demonstrates that when averaged on millennial timescales, retreat rates were remarkably similar along the western GrIS margin. Furthermore, the retreat rates calculated here demonstrate that terrestrial sectors of ice sheets can retreat at net rates comparable to their marine counterparts.},
	doi = {10.1002/jqs.v30.310.1002/jqs.2778},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jqs.2778},
	author = {KELLEY, SAMUEL E. and Briner, Jason P. and ZIMMERMAN, SUSAN R. H.}
}
@article { ISI:000359889700007,
	title = {Millennial-scale fluctuations of the European Ice Sheet at the end of the last glacial, and their potential impact on global climate},
	journal = {QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2015},
	month = {SEP 1},
	pages = {113-133},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Reconstructing Northern Hemisphere ice-sheet oscillations and meltwater routing to the ocean is important to better understand the mechanisms behind abrupt climate changes. To date, research efforts have mainly focused on the North American (Laurentide) ice-sheets (LIS), leaving the potential role of the European Ice Sheet (EIS), and of the Scandinavian ice-sheet (SIS) in particular, largely unexplored. Using neodymium isotopes in detrital sediments deposited off the Channel River, we provide a continuous and well-dated record for the evolution of the EIS southern margin through the end of the last glacial period and during the deglaciation. Our results reveal that the evolution of EIS margins was accompanied with substantial ice recession (especially of the SIS) and simultaneous release of meltwater to the North Atlantic. These events occurred both in the course of the EIS to its LGM position (i.e., during Heinrich Stadial -HS- 3 and HS2; similar to 31-29 ka and similar to 26-23 ka, respectively) and during the deglaciation (i.e., at similar to 22 ka, similar to 20-19 ka and from 18.2 +/- 0.2 to 16.7 +/- 0.2 ka that corresponds to the first part of HS1). The deglaciation was discontinuous in character, and similar in timing to that of the southern LIS margin, with moderate ice-sheet retreat (from 22.5 +/- 0.2 ka in the Baltic lowlands) as soon as the northern summer insolation increase (from similar to 23 ka) and an acceleration of the margin retreat thereafter (from similar to 20 ka). Importantly, our results show that EIS retreat events and release of meltwater to the North Atlantic during the deglaciation coincide with AMOC destabilisation and interhemispheric climate changes. They thus suggest that the EIS, together with the LIS, could have played a critical role in the climatic reorganization that accompanied the last deglaciation. Finally, our data suggest that meltwater discharges to the North Atlantic produced by large-scale recession of continental parts of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during HS, could have been a possible source for the oceanic perturbations (i.e., AMOC shutdown) responsible for the marine-based ice stream purge cycle, or so-called HE{\textquoteright}s, that punctuate the last glacial period. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Channel River, Deglaciation, European ice-sheet, Meltwater, Neodymium, Termination},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.06.010},
	author = {Toucanne, Samuel and Soulet, Guillaume and Freslon, Nicolas and Jacinto, Ricardo Silva and Dennielou, Bernard and Zaragosi, Sebastien and Eynaud, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}rique and Bourillet, Jean-Francois and Bayon, Germain}
}
@article {2480,
	title = {Using Natural Abundance Radiocarbon To Trace the Flux of Petrocarbon to the Seafloor Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Aug-01-2016},
	pages = {847 - 854},
	abstract = {In 2010, the Deepwater Horizon accident released 4.6{\textendash}6.0 {\texttimes} 1011 grams or 4.1 to 4.6 million barrels of fossil petroleum derived carbon (petrocarbon) as oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Natural abundance radiocarbon measurements on surface sediment organic matter in a 2.4 {\texttimes} 1010 m2 deep-water region surrounding the spill site indicate the deposition of a fossil-carbon containing layer that included 1.6 to 2.6 {\texttimes} 1010 grams of oil-derived carbon. This quantity represents between 0.5 to 9.1\% of the released petrocarbon, with a best estimate of 3.0{\textendash}4.9\%. These values may be lower limit estimates of the fraction of the oil that was deposited on the seafloor because they focus on a limited mostly deep-water area of the Gulf, include a conservative estimate of thickness of the depositional layer, and use an average background or prespill radiocarbon value for sedimentary organic carbon that produces a conservative value. A similar approach using hopane tracer estimated that 4{\textendash}31\% of 2 million barrels of oil that stayed in the deep sea settled on the bottom. Converting that to a percentage of the total oil that entered into the environment (to which we normalized our estimate) converts this range to 1.8 to 14.4\%. Although extrapolated over a larger area, our independent estimate produced similar values.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/es5046524},
	url = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es5046524http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es5046524},
	author = {Chanton, Jeffrey and Zhao, Tingting and Rosenheim, Brad E. and Joye, Samantha and Bosman, Samantha and Brunner, Charlotte and Yeager, Kevin M. and Diercks, Arne R. and Hollander, David}
}
@article {16,
	title = {A warm and poorly ventilated deep Arctic Mediterranean during the last glacial period},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {349},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {706-710},
	abstract = {Changes in the formation of dense water in the Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas [the {\textquotedblleft}Arctic Mediterranean{\textquotedblright} (AM)] probably contributed to the altered climate of the last glacial period. We examined past changes in AM circulation by reconstructing radiocarbon ventilation ages of the deep Nordic Seas over the past 30,000 years. Our results show that the glacial deep AM was extremely poorly ventilated (ventilation ages of up to 10,000 years). Subsequent episodic overflow of aged water into the mid-depth North Atlantic occurred during deglaciation. Proxy data also suggest that the deep glacial AM was ~2{\textdegree} to 3{\textdegree}C warmer than modern temperatures; deglacial mixing of the deep AM with the upper ocean thus potentially contributed to the melting of sea ice, icebergs, and terminal ice-sheet margins.},
	doi = {10.1126/science.aaa9554},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/349/6249/706.abstract},
	author = {Thornalley, D. J. R. and Bauch, H. A. and Gebbie, G. and Guo, W. and Ziegler, M. and Bernasconi, S. M. and Barker, S. and Skinner, L. C. and Yu, J.}
}
@article {2510,
	title = {Cryostratigraphy and Permafrost Evolution in the Lacustrine Lowlands of West-Central Alaska},
	journal = {Permafrost and Periglacial Processes},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-01-2014},
	pages = {14 - 34},
	abstract = {The influence of permafrost growth and thaw on the evolution of ice-rich lowland terrain in the Koyukuk-Innoko region of interior Alaska is fundamental but poorly understood. To elucidate this influence, the cryostratigraphy and properties of perennially frozen sediments from three areas in this region are described and interpreted in terms of permafrost history. The upper part of the late Quaternary sediments at the Koyukuk and Innoko Flats comprise frozen organic soils up to 4.5 m thick underlain by ice-rich silt characterised by layered and reticulate cryostructures. The volume of visible segregated ice in silt locally reaches 50 per cent, with ice lenses up to 10 cm thick.

A conceptual model of terrain evolution from the Late Pleistocene to the present day identifies four stages of yedoma degradation and five stages of subsequent permafrost aggradation-degradation: (1) partial thawing of the upper ice wedges and the formation of small shallow ponds in the troughs above the wedges; (2) formation of shallow thermokarst lakes above the polygons; (3) deepening of thermokarst lakes and yedoma degradation beneath the lakes; (4) complete thawing of yedoma beneath the lakes; (5) lake drainage; (6) peat accumulation; (7) permafrost aggradation in drained lake basins; (8) formation of permafrost plateaus; and (9) formation and expansion of a new generation of thermokarst features. These stages can occur in differing places and times, creating a highly complex mosaic of terrain conditions, complicating predictions of landscape response to future climatic changes or human impact. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2014 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	doi = {10.1002/ppp.v25.110.1002/ppp.1800},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ppp.v25.1http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ppp.1800https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2Fppp.1800},
	author = {Kanevskiy, Mikhail and Jorgenson, Torre and Shur, Yuri and O{\textquoteright}Donnell, Jonathan A. and Harden, Jennifer W. and Zhuang, Qianlai and Fortier, Daniel}
}
@article {72,
	title = {An investigation of size-fractionated organic matter from Lake Superior and a tributary stream using radiocarbon, stable isotopes and NMR},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {264-284},
	abstract = {This study investigated the concentration and isotopic composition of different size fractions of organic matter (OM) in Lake Superior and in one of its many tributary streams and rivers (Amity Creek, Duluth, Minnesota, USA). Structural compositional drivers of the Δ14C of high molecular weight (HMW, >1 kDa) dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the lake were also evaluated. Low molecular weight (LMW, 0.7 μm) was generally 13C-depleted (-29 {\textpm} 1.2{\textperthousand}) relative to {\textquotedblleft}bulk{\textquotedblright} (<0.7 μm) DOC (-26.4 {\textpm} 0.7{\textperthousand}), {\textquotedblleft}init{\textquotedblright} (<0.2 μm) DOC (-26.6 {\textpm} 0.8{\textperthousand}), HMW DOC (-26.9 {\textpm} 0.3{\textperthousand}) and LMW DOC (-26.5 {\textpm} 0.9{\textperthousand}), and had more variable 14C content (Δ14C of -94{\textperthousand} to 53{\textperthousand}; 735 years BP to modern) than the other size fractions. Init DOC (Δ14C of 17{\textendash}59{\textperthousand}), HMW DOC (Δ14C of 23{\textendash}64{\textperthousand}) and LMW DOC (Δ14C of 16{\textendash}62{\textperthousand}) all reflected contemporary (modern) radiocarbon signatures. Bulk DOC (Δ14C of -19{\textperthousand} to 57{\textperthousand}; 90 years BP to modern) had modern radiocarbon values in the offshore sites (Δ14C of 2{\textendash}57{\textperthousand}) with pre-aged samples (Δ14C of -8{\textperthousand} to -19{\textperthousand}) seen at the nearshore site. HMW DOM was relatively N-poor (C:N of 12{\textendash}19) compared to particulate organic matter (POM, C:N of 8{\textendash}10) revealing either a more diagenetically altered state or contrasting sources. 13C NMR data showed that biochemical composition of HMW DOC in Lake Superior was dominated by carbohydrates (53{\textendash}65\%) with only trace aromatic components (2{\textendash}4\%). Structurally complex components such as heteropolysaccharides (HPS), amide/peptides and amino sugars (AMS) constitute 75{\textendash}84\% of HMW DOC whereas carboxylic-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM) made up 16{\textendash}25\% of HMW DOC in the lake. Combined HPS and AMS, O-alkyl carbohydrate carbon, and total carbohydrate carbon contents were significantly positively correlated to the Δ14C of HMW DOC suggesting they contribute a contemporary 14C-enriched component to the HMW DOC in the lake. In contrast, CRAM and aliphatic carbons were significantly inversely correlated with Δ14C of HMW DOC implying that these represent 14C-depleted (older) components of HMW DOC in the lake. At Amity Creek, storm events led to larger loads of bulk DOC and POC, which were both 14C-enriched (modern). However, in baseflow conditions 14C-depleted bulk DOC and POC were exported. LMW DOC from the creek was considerably 14C-depleted compared to concurrent HMW DOC.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2013.11.037},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703713006765},
	author = {Zigah, Prosper K. and Minor, Elizabeth C. and Abdulla, Hussain A. N. and Werne, Josef P. and Hatcher, Patrick G.}
}
@article {2663,
	title = {An investigation of size-fractionated organic matter from Lake Superior and a tributary stream using radiocarbon, stable isotopes and NMR},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {127},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-02-2014},
	pages = {264 - 284},
	issn = {00167037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2013.11.037},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016703713006765https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0016703713006765?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0016703713006765?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Zigah, Prosper K. and Minor, Elizabeth C. and Abdulla, Hussain A.N. and Werne, Josef P. and Hatcher, Patrick G.}
}
@article {37,
	title = {Microbial biomarkers support organic carbon transport from methane-rich Amazon wetlands to the shelf and deep sea fan during recent and glacial climate conditions},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {85-98},
	abstract = {We have investigated the delivery of terrestrial organic carbon (OC) to the Amazon shelf and deep sea fan based on soil marker bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs; adenosylhopane and related compounds) and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), as well as on 14C dating of bulk organic matter. The microbial biomarker records show persistent burial of terrestrial OC, evidenced by almost constant and high BIT values (0.6) and soil marker BHP concentration [80{\textendash}230 μg/g TOC (total OC)] on the late Holocene shelf and even higher BIT values (0.8{\textendash}0.9), but lower and more variable soil-marker BHP concentration (40{\textendash}100 μg/g TOC), on the past glacial deep sea fan. Radiocarbon data show that OC on the shelf is 3{\textendash}4 kyr older than corresponding bivalve shells, emphasizing the presence of old carbon in this setting. We observe comparable and unexpectedly invariant BHP composition in both marine sediment records, with a remarkably high relative abundance of C-35 amino BHPs including compounds specific for aerobic methane oxidation on the shelf (avg. 50\% of all BHPs) and the fan (avg. 40\%). Notably, these marine BHP signatures are strikingly similar to those of a methane-producing floodplain area in one of the Amazonian wetland (v{\'a}rzea) regions. The observation indicates that BHPs in the marine sediments may have initially been produced within wetland regions of the Amazon basin and may therefore document persistent export from terrestrial wetland regions, with subsequent re-working in the marine environment, both during recent and past glacial climate conditions.},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.12.003},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638013002714},
	author = {Wagner, Thomas and Kallweit, Wiebke and Talbot, Helen M. and Mollenhauer, Gesine and Boom, Arnoud and Zabel, Matthias}
}
@article {2586,
	title = {North Atlantic forcing of tropical Indian Ocean climate},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {509},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jun-04-2016},
	pages = {76 - 80},
	abstract = {The response of the tropical climate in the Indian Ocean realm to abrupt climate change events in the North Atlantic Ocean is contentious. Repositioning of the intertropical convergence zone is thought to have been responsible for changes in tropical hydroclimate during North Atlantic cold spells1, 2, 3, 4, 5, but the dearth of high-resolution records outside the monsoon realm in the Indian Ocean precludes a full understanding of this remote relationship and its underlying mechanisms. Here we show that slowdowns of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during Heinrich stadials and the Younger Dryas stadial affected the tropical Indian Ocean hydroclimate through changes to the Hadley circulation including a southward shift in the rising branch (the intertropical convergence zone) and an overall weakening over the southern Indian Ocean. Our results are based on new, high-resolution sea surface temperature and seawater oxygen isotope records of well-dated sedimentary archives from the tropical eastern Indian Ocean for the past 45,000 years, combined with climate model simulations of Atlantic circulation slowdown under Marine Isotope Stages 2 and 3 boundary conditions. Similar conditions in the east and west of the basin rule out a zonal dipole structure as the dominant forcing of the tropical Indian Ocean hydroclimate of millennial-scale events. Results from our simulations and proxy data suggest dry conditions in the northern Indian Ocean realm and wet and warm conditions in the southern realm during North Atlantic cold spells.},
	keywords = {Palaeoceanography, Palaeoclimate},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature13196},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature13196},
	author = {Mohtadi, Mahyar and Prange, Matthias and Oppo, Delia W. and De Pol-Holz, Ricardo and Merkel, Ute and Zhang, Xiao and Steinke, Stephan and {\"u}ckge, Andreas}
}
@article {68,
	title = {Using Natural Abundance Radiocarbon To Trace the Flux of Petrocarbon to the Seafloor Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill},
	journal = {Environmental science \& technology},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {In 2010, the Deepwater Horizon accident released 4.6?6.0 ? 1011 grams or 4.1 to 4.6 million barrels of fossil petroleum derived carbon (petrocarbon) as oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Natural abundance radiocarbon measurements on surface sediment organic matter in a 2.4 ? 1010 m2 deep-water region surrounding the spill site indicate the deposition of a fossil-carbon containing layer that included 1.6 to 2.6 ? 1010 grams of oil-derived carbon. This quantity represents between 0.5 to 9.1\% of the released petrocarbon, with a best estimate of 3.0?4.9\%. These values may be lower limit estimates of the fraction of the oil that was deposited on the seafloor because they focus on a limited mostly deep-water area of the Gulf, include a conservative estimate of thickness of the depositional layer, and use an average background or prespill radiocarbon value for sedimentary organic carbon that produces a conservative value. A similar approach using hopane tracer estimated that 4?31\% of 2 million barrels of oil that stayed in the deep sea settled on the bottom. Converting that to a percentage of the total oil that entered into the environment (to which we normalized our estimate) converts this range to 1.8 to 14.4\%. Although extrapolated over a larger area, our independent estimate produced similar values.; In 2010, the Deepwater Horizon accident released 4.6?6.0 ? 1011 grams or 4.1 to 4.6 million barrels of fossil petroleum derived carbon (petrocarbon) as oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Natural abundance radiocarbon measurements on surface sediment organic matter in a 2.4 ? 1010 m2 deep-water region surrounding the spill site indicate the deposition of a fossil-carbon containing layer that included 1.6 to 2.6 ? 1010 grams of oil-derived carbon. This quantity represents between 0.5 to 9.1\% of the released petrocarbon, with a best estimate of 3.0?4.9\%. These values may be lower limit estimates of the fraction of the oil that was deposited on the seafloor because they focus on a limited mostly deep-water area of the Gulf, include a conservative estimate of thickness of the depositional layer, and use an average background or prespill radiocarbon value for sedimentary organic carbon that produces a conservative value. A similar approach using hopane tracer estimated that 4?31\% of 2 million barrels of oil that stayed in the deep sea settled on the bottom. Converting that to a percentage of the total oil that entered into the environment (to which we normalized our estimate) converts this range to 1.8 to 14.4\%. Although extrapolated over a larger area, our independent estimate produced similar values.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/es5046524},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es5046524},
	author = {Chanton, Jeffrey and Zhao, Tingting and Rosenheim, Brad E. and Joye, Samantha and Bosman, Samantha and Brunner, Charlotte and Yeager, Kevin M. and Diercks, Arne R. and Hollander, David}
}
@article { ISI:000319344100038,
	title = {Annually Resolved Ice Core Records of Tropical Climate Variability over the Past similar to 1800 Years},
	journal = {SCIENCE},
	volume = {340},
	number = {{6135}},
	year = {2013},
	month = {MAY 24},
	pages = {945-950},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Ice cores from low Latitudes can provide a wealth of unique information about past climate in the tropics, but they are difficult to recover and few exist. Here, we report annually resolved ice core records from the Quelccaya ice cap (5670 meters above sea level) in Peru that extend back similar to 1800 years and provide a high-resolution record of climate variability there. Oxygen isotopic ratios (delta O-18) are linked to sea surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific, whereas concentrations of ammonium and nitrate document the dominant role played by the migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the region of the tropical Andes. Quetccaya continues to retreat and thin. Radiocarbon dates on wetland plants exposed along its retreating margins indicate that it has not been smaller for at least six millennia.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1234210},
	author = {Thompson, L. G. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Davis, M. E. and Zagorodnov, V. S. and Howat, I. M. and Mikhatenko, V. N. and Lin, P. -N.}
}
@article {95,
	title = {Diagenetic changes in Lake Superior sediments as seen from FTIR and 2D correlation spectroscopy},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2319},
	pages = {125-136},
	abstract = {Isotopic and elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), principal components analysis (PCA) and two dimensional (2D) correlation analysis, where core depth was used as perturbation, were used to study the diagenesis of organic matter (OM) in Lake Superior sediments. Changes in OM composition were examined at five lake stations over a depth range of 0{\textendash}10 cm. PCA results show that depth-related changes among sites are similar, leading to an increased contribution from inorganic (and possibly refractory aromatic organic) components at each site, and a loss of contribution from other organic components. Synchronous spectra reveal that aliphatic esters and carbohydrates are degraded significantly with increasing depth, leading to an increased contribution from clay/biogenic silica/inactive carbohydrates. Asynchronous spectra show that, in general, carboxyl groups, including aliphatic ester and amide in protein, are degraded first, followed by a group of carbohydrates and then aromatic compounds and/or the SiO framework in clay and biogenic silica. Site dependent compositional variation occurs and appears to be influenced by topography and geology, e.g. the delivery of a larger load of terrestrial inorganic silicate minerals to certain sites and re-suspension/re-deposition, leading to less intensive down core variation at mid-lake central and eastern basin sites. The study demonstrates the usefulness of FTIR coupled with PCA and 2D correlation approaches for exploring structural changes in sedimentary material during diagenesis.},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.03.002},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638013000533},
	author = {Li, Hongyu and Minor, Elizabeth C. and Zigah, Prosper K.}
}
@article {83,
	title = {Paleoclimate changes of the last 1000 yr on the eastern Qinghai{\textendash}Tibetan Plateau recorded by elemental, isotopic, and molecular organic matter proxies in sediment from glacial Lake Ximencuo},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {379{\textendash}380},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2310},
	pages = {39-53},
	abstract = {Total organic carbon (Corg) and nitrogen (Ntot) concentrations and isotope compositions and n-alkane and n-alkan-ol molecular biomarker compositions were measured in two parallel sediment cores from Lake Ximencuo, a typical glacial lake on the eastern Qinghai{\textendash}Tibetan Plateau (QTP), to reconstruct local climatic variations during the past 1000 yr. Concentrations of Corg and Ntot vary similarly with changes in precipitation recorded by tree rings in Dulan, northeastern QTP, indicating their close relation to precipitation. Carbon Preference Index (CPI) values of C22{\textendash}C33 n-alkanes and C22{\textendash}C28 n-alkan-1-ols and Average Chain Length (ACL) values of C27{\textendash}C33 n-alkanes generally negatively correlate with δ13Corg and δ15Ntot and also vary comparably with the oxygen isotope temperature record from the Dunde ice core, northeastern QTP. These patterns indicate that high CPI values and negative shifts of the δ13Corg and δ15Ntot correspond to warmer conditions that favor the growth of vascular land plants and that lower values and positive shifts correspond to cooler conditions in the Lake Ximencuo locality. This observation contradicts previous interpretations from peat and modern soil studies that conclude that the CPI indices were controlled by microbial degradation under different climate conditions. Here we propose that the changes of organic matter sources under different climate regimes, combined with physiological adjustments of vascular plants to different air temperatures, might yield different CPI responses to climate changes in glacial plateau lakes. Air temperature and precipitation increases and decreases reconstructed in this 1000-yr study were generally independent of each other, but they both occurred at centennial or multi-centennial scales. The interaction between subtropical (Asian Monsoon) and mid-latitude (Westerly) atmospheric circulation systems probably dominated the local precipitation variations in the Lake Ximencuo catchment, whereas solar insolation, volcanism and greenhouse gas variations were likely responsible for the air temperature changes that are recorded in the lake sediments and that are consistent with regional temperature variations in the eastern QTP.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.03.023},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018213001648},
	author = {Pu, Yang and Nace, Trevor and Meyers, Philip A. and Zhang, Hucai and Wang, Yongli and Zhang, Chuanlun L. and Shao, Xiaohua}
}
@article {147,
	title = {Insights into the Holocene environmental setting of Terra Nova Bay region (Ross Sea, Antarctica) from oxygen isotope geochemistry of Ad{\'e}lie penguin eggshells},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2348},
	pages = {63-69},
	abstract = {An oxygen isotope record of Ad{\'e}lie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) eggshells from Terra Nova Bay (Victoria Land, Antarctica) has been reconstructed in order to provide insights into the palaeoenviroment of this region during the last ~8000 years. The d18O values measured in eggshell carbonate show a great variability over the course of the studied period, with maximum values consistently around +27.5{\textperthousand}. Adopting a metabolic enrichment relative to water source of ~+28.5{\textperthousand}, eggshell d18O values can be interpreted in terms of marine water uptake by the penguins. The spread in d18O of eggshell carbonate at any given time toward more negative values reflects the existence of a low d18O water end member, most plausibly snow or snowmelt. Samples younger than 2000 years are characterized by a general lack of very negative d18O values. As also attested by other proxies, this shift toward more positive isotopic values is likely to be related both to a decreasing contribution of snow or meltwater in the seawaters and consequently to an absence or paucity on the boundary of the nesting sites of snow or snowfall and freshwater that could be directly eaten or drunk by penguins.},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683611409773},
	url = {http://hol.sagepub.com/content/22/1/63.abstract},
	author = {Lorenzini, Sandra and Baneschi, Ilaria and Fallick, Anthony E. and Salvatore, Maria Cristina and Zanchetta, Giovanni and Dallai, Luigi and Baroni, Carlo}
}
@article { ISI:000310472600012,
	title = {An isotopic (Delta C-14, delta C-13, and delta N-15) investigation of the composition of particulate organic matter and zooplankton food sources in Lake Superior and across a size-gradient of aquatic systems},
	journal = {BIOGEOSCIENCES},
	volume = {9},
	number = {{9}},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {3663-3678},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Food webs in aquatic systems can be supported both by carbon from recent local primary productivity and by carbon subsidies, such as material from terrestrial ecosystems, or past in situ primary productivity. The importance of these subsidies to respiration and biomass production remains a topic of debate. While some studies have reported that terrigenous organic carbon supports disproportionately high zooplankton production, others have suggested that phytoplankton preferentially support zooplankton production in aquatic ecosystems. Here we apply natural abundance radiocarbon (Delta C-14) and stable isotope (delta C-13, delta N-15) analyses to show that zooplankton in Lake Superior selectively incorporate recently fixed, locally produced (autochthonous) organic carbon even though other carbon sources are readily available. Estimates from Bayesian isotopic modeling based on Delta C-14 and delta C-13 values show that the average lake-wide median contributions of recent in-lake primary production and terrestrial, sedimentary, and bacterial organic carbon to the bulk POM in Lake Superior were 58\%, 5\%, 33\%, and 3\%, respectively. However, isotopic modeling estimates also show that recent in situ production contributed a disproportionately large amount (median, 91\%) of the carbon in mesozooplankton biomass in Lake Superior. Although terrigenous organic carbon and old organic carbon from resuspended sediments were significant portions (median, 38\%) of the available basal food resources, these contributed only a small amount to mesozooplankton biomass. Comparison of zooplankton food sources based on their radiocarbon composition showed that terrigenous organic carbon was relatively more important in rivers and small lakes, and the proportion of terrestrially derived material used by zooplankton correlated with the hydrologic residence time and the ratio of basin area to water surface area.},
	issn = {1726-4170},
	doi = {10.5194/bg-9-3663-2012},
	author = {Zigah, P. K. and Minor, E. C. and Werne, J. P. and McCallister, S. Leigh}
}
@article { ISI:000299864400020,
	title = {Modern and Fossil Contributions to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in PM2.5 from North Birmingham, Alabama in the Southeastern U.S.},
	journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE \& TECHNOLOGY},
	volume = {46},
	number = {{3}},
	year = {2012},
	month = {FEB 7},
	pages = {1422-1429},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Analyzing the radiocarbon (C-14) content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric particulate matter can provide estimates on the source contributions from biomass burning versus fossil fuel. The relative importance of these two sources to ambient PAHs varies considerably across regions and even countries, and hence there is a pressing need to apportion these sources. In this study, we advanced the radiocarbon analysis from bulk carbon to compound class specific radiocarbon analysis (CCSRA) to determine Delta C-14 and delta C-13 values of PAHs in PM2.5 samples for investigating biomass burning and fossil fuel source contributions to PAHs from one of the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) sites in North Birmingham (BHM), Alabama during winter (December 2004-February 2005) and summer (June-August 2005) by accelerator mass spectrometry. To compare our ambient samples to known sources, we collected and analyzed fenceline samples from the vicinity of a coke plant in BHM. As expected, PAHs from the coke plant fenceline samples had very low radiocarbon levels. Its Delta C-14 varied from -990 to -970 parts per thousand, indicating that 97 to 99\% were of fossil source. PAHs in the ambient PM2.5 had Delta C-14 from -968 to -911 parts per thousand, indicating that 92-97\% of PAHs were from fossil fuel combustion. These levels indicated the dominance of fossil sources of ambient PAHs. The radiocarbon level of ambient PAHs was higher in winter than in summer. Winter samples exhibited depleted delta C-13 value and enriched Delta C-14 value because of the increased contribution of PAHs from biomass burning source. However, biomass burning contributed more to heavier PAHs (modern source accounting for 6-8\%) than fighter ones with a modern contribution of 3\%.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/es2043189},
	author = {Xu, Li and Zheng, Mei and Ding, Xiang and Edgerton, Eric S. and Reddy, Christopher M.}
}
@article { ISI:000301669200001,
	title = {Radiocarbon and stable-isotope geochemistry of organic and inorganic carbon in Lake Superior},
	journal = {GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2012},
	month = {MAR 14},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We present a lake-wide investigation of Lake Superior carbon and organic matter biogeochemistry using radiocarbon, stable isotope, and carbon concentrations. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) abundance in the lake was 121-122 Tg C, with offshore concentration and delta C-13 values being laterally homogenous and tightly coupled to the physical and thermal regime and biochemical processes. Offshore Delta C-14 of DIC (50-65\%) exhibited lateral homogeneity and was more C-14 enriched than co-occurring atmospheric CO2 (similar to 38\%); nearshore Delta C-14 of DIC (36-38\%) was similar to atmospheric CO2. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) abundance was 14.2-16.4 Tg C. DOC{\textquoteright}s concentration and delta C-13 were homogenous in June (mixed lake), but varied laterally during August (stratification) possibly due to spatial differences in lake productivity. Throughout sampling, DOC had modern radiocarbon values (14-58\%) indicating a semilabile nature with a turnover time of <= 60 years. Lake particulate organic carbon (POC, 0.9-1.3 Tg C) was consistently C-13 depleted relative to DOC. The delta N-15 of epilimnetic particulate organic nitrogen shifted to more negative values during stratification possibly indicating greater use of nitrate (rather than ammonium) by phytoplankton in August. POC{\textquoteright}s radiocarbon was spatially heterogeneous (Delta C-14 range: 58\% to - 303\%), and generally C-14 depleted relative to DOC and DIC. POC C-14 depletion could not be accounted for by black carbon in the lake but, because of its spatial and temporal distribution, is attributed to sediment resuspension. The presence of old POC within the epilimnion of the open lake indicates possible benthic-pelagic coupling in the lake{\textquoteright}s organic carbon cycle; the ultimate fate of this old POC bears further investigation.},
	issn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2011GB004132},
	author = {Zigah, Prosper K. and Minor, Elizabeth C. and Werne, Josef P.}
}
@article {169,
	title = {The detailed palaeoecology of a mid-Wisconsinan interstadial (ca. 32 000 (14)C a BP) vegetation surface from interior Alaska},
	journal = {Journal of Quaternary Science},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2131; PT: J; TC: 1; UT: WOS:000296091300010},
	pages = {746-756},
	abstract = {We present a multi-proxy reconstruction from a well-preserved vegetation surface (ca. 32 000 (14)C a BP) from the Fox Permafrost tunnel near Fairbanks, Alaska. A thick litter layer of plant material on the vegetation surface is consistent with the vegetation lacking evidence of disturbance. Plant macrofossils and graminoid cuticle analysis show the presence of a graminoid assemblage consistent with phytolith data. The pollen data indicate that trees were not local to the site and that Artemisia sp. was present in the region. The insect and bryophyte reconstructions are consistent with the vascular plant reconstruction, indicating the site was at least periodically wet. delta(13)C values from the graminoids present show a large range encompassing both the wet and dry range displayed by modern graminoids in Alaska. Sequential delta(13)C analyses conducted along the length of leaves attached to the vegetation surface indicate a seasonal shift towards relatively higher water use efficiency. The lower water use efficiency earlier in the growing season may have stemmed from the use of winter season meltwater by plants at the site - a scenario consistent with the site{\textquoteright}s cryostratigraphy. Our multi-proxy reconstruction contributes to the limited palaeoecological data available for graminoid-dominated vegetation present in Eastern Beringia and particularly the interior of Alaska during the mid-Wisconsinan interstadial. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	issn = {0267-8179},
	doi = {10.1002/jqs.1497},
	author = {Wooller, Matthew J. and Zazula, Grant D. and Blinnikov, Misha and Gaglioti, Benjamin V. and Bigelow, Nancy H. and Sanborn, Paul and Kuzmina, Svetlana and La Farge, Catherine}
}
@book {2453,
	title = {Geological Society of America Special PapersGeology and Geoarchaeology of the Black Sea Region: Beyond the Flood HypothesisPontic-Baltic pathways for invasive aquatic species: Geoarchaeological implications},
	volume = {473},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {189 - 196},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America},
	organization = {Geological Society of America},
	abstract = {An accurate chronology for the exchange of aquatic species between water basins is important for paleoenvironmental reconstruction on both regional and continental scales. During the early Holocene, the range of zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, was limited to the Black, Azov, Caspian, and Aral Seas, as well as the estuaries and lower and middle reaches of the Pontic-Caspian rivers. We present new fi ndings that challenge the currently held view that this species migrated into the Baltic Sea watershed during the early 1800s through the canals joining the tributaries of rivers that drain into the Black and Baltic Sea basins. Geological investigations along the southeast Baltic Sea coast (Curonian and Vistula spits and lagoons) have uncovered shells of D. polymorpha that yielded radiocarbon ages older than 1000 radiocarbon yr B.P. We propose two scenarios to explain the new radiocarbon dates for D. polymorpha. The fi rst scenario involves an anomalously large reservoir effect{\textemdash}as large as 600{\textendash} 800 yr{\textemdash}however, several lines of evidence cast doubt upon the validity of such a large reservoir correction. The second scenario that might explain the old zebra mussel ages is the earlier arrival of Dreissena polymorpha into the Baltic region. Natural exchange may have been facilitated by the proximity of the tributaries draining thePontic and Baltic watersheds. Human-mediated transport is also considered in association with Viking voyages from the Baltic to the Black and Caspian Seas between A.D. 800 and 1000, and the riverine trade exchange during the Lithuanian expansion into the Pontic steppe in subsequent centuries. It is likely that both scenarios played a role, with implications for late Holocene biogeography and paleoecology of the Pontic-Caspian and Baltic basins. 

Pontic-Baltic pathways for invasive aquatic species: Geoarchaeological implications (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256375044_Pontic-Baltic_pathways_for_invasive_aquatic_species_Geoarchaeological_implications [accessed May 25, 2017].},
	doi = {10.1130/978081372473710.1130/2011.2473(12)},
	url = {http://specialpapers.gsapubs.org//content/473http://specialpapers.gsapubs.org/lookup/doi/10.1130/2011.2473(12)},
	author = {Buynevich, Ilya V. and {\v s}yte, Aldona and Bitinas, Albertas and Olenin, Sergej and {\v z}eika, Jonas and {\v s}ius, Rimantas}
}
@article {183,
	title = {Holocene sea-level change and the emergence of Neolithic seafaring in the Fuzhou Basin (Fujian, China)},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2189},
	pages = {788-797},
	abstract = {Neolithic seafaring across the Taiwan Strait began approximately 5000 years ago and involved open-sea voyages over distances of at least 130 km. Rapid sea-level rise preceded the emergence of open-sea voyaging, but the possible role of environmental change as a stimulus for the development of seafaring is poorly understood. We investigate this problem by presenting a record of Holocene sea-level change and coastal transformation based on sediment cores obtained from the Fuzhou Basin on the coast of Fujian, China. The cores are located in direct proximity to archaeological sites of the Tanshishan Neolithic culture (5000{\textendash}4300 cal BP), which is significant for its similarity to the earliest Neolithic cultures of Taiwan. Multiple lines of evidence record the early Holocene inundation of the Fuzhou Basin around 9000 cal BP, the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand, and the final Holocene marine transgression. This final transition is precisely documented, with AMS dates showing the change occurred close to 1900 cal BP. Our paleogeographic reconstruction shows that a large estuary filled the Fuzhou Basin during the mid-Holocene. Tanshishan and Zhuangbianshan, two of the major Fuzhou Basin Neolithic sites, are located today on hills nearly 80 km from the modern coastline. However, when the sites were settled around 5500{\textendash}5000 cal BP, the marine transgression had transformed these hills into islands in the upper estuary. We suggest that the Neolithic era estuary setting, together with the lack of land suitable for rice paddy agriculture, inhibited intensive food production but favored a maritime orientation and the development of seafaring.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.01.015},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379111000308},
	author = {Rolett, Barry V. and Zheng, Zhuo and Yue, Yuanfu}
}
@article {213,
	title = {Late Pleistocene paleoecology of arctic ground squirrel (Urocitellus parryii) caches and nests from Interior Alaska{\textquoteright}s mammoth steppe ecosystem, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2130; PT: J; TC: 0; UT: WOS:000296672100009},
	pages = {373-382},
	abstract = {Botanical analyses of fossil and modern arctic ground squirrel (Urocitellus parryii) caches and nests have been used to reconstruct the past vegetation from some parts of Beringia, but such archives are understudied in Alaska. Five modern and four fossil samples from arctic ground squirrel caches and nests provide information on late Pleistocene vegetation in Eastern Beringia. Modern arctic ground squirrel caches from Alaska{\textquoteright}s arctic tundra were dominated by willow and grass leaves and grass seeds and bearberries, which were widespread in the local vegetation as confirmed by vegetation surveys. Late Pleistocene caches from Interior Alaska were primarily composed of steppe and dry tundra graminoid and herb seeds. Graminoid cuticle analysis of fossil leaves identified Calamagrostis canadensis, Koeleria sp. and Carex albonigra as being common in the fossil samples. Stable carbon isotopes analysis of these graminoid specimens indicated that plants using the C(3) photosynthetic pathways were present and functioning with medium to high water-use efficiency. Fossil plant taxa and environments from ground squirrel caches in Alaska are similar to other macrofossil assemblages from the Yukon Territory, which supports the existence of a widespread mammoth steppe ecosystem type in Eastern Beringia that persisted throughout much of the late Pleistocene. (C) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2011.08.004},
	author = {Gaglioti, Benjamin V. and Barnes, Brian M. and Zazula, Grant D. and Beaudoin, Alwynne B. and Wooller, Matthew J.}
}
@article { ISI:000290678100009,
	title = {Radiocarbon and stable carbon isotopic insights into provenance and cycling of carbon in Lake Superior},
	journal = {LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY},
	volume = {56},
	number = {{3}},
	year = {2011},
	month = {MAY},
	pages = {867-886},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {This study applies radiocarbon and stable carbon isotopic distributions to investigate carbon sources and cycling within Lake Superior. We report the radiocarbon (Delta C-14) and stable carbon isotope (delta C-13) values and the carbon concentrations within dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the lake{\textquoteright}s western basin water column. Samples were taken during spring mixing and late-summer thermal stratification over a 2-yr period (2007-2009). Distinct processes operating in the surface (photosynthesis) and deep waters (sediment resuspension and pore-water intrusion) control the relative contribution of modern and ancient DOC and POC in the water column. The terrigenous carbon input to the open lake POC varied from 13\% +/- 4\% during late summer stratification to 9\% +/- 3\% during spring mixing, with most of the terrestrial carbon being C-14-enriched (modern). The DIC reservoir cycles rapidly, with a bulk Delta C-14(DIC) value that records atmospheric radiocarbon levels from 3 yr prior to sampling. The DOC pool recycles on a longer time scale than does the DIC, with a DOC residence time of <= 60 yr. The suspended POC was in most cases older than co-occurring DOC, most likely as a result of resuspension of lake sediments.},
	issn = {0024-3590},
	doi = {10.4319/lo.2011.56.3.0867},
	author = {Zigah, Prosper K. and Minor, Elizabeth C. and Werne, Josef P. and McCallister, S. Leigh}
}
@article {198,
	title = {Retreat of the East Antarctic ice sheet during the last glacial termination RID F-5711-2011},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2003; PT: J; UT: WOS:000287802300021},
	pages = {195-202},
	abstract = {The retreat of the East Antarctic ice sheet at the end of the last glacial period has been attributed to both sea-level rise and warming of the ocean at the margin of the ice sheet, but it has been challenging to test these hypotheses. Given the lack of constraints on the timing of retreat, it has been difficult to evaluate whether the East Antarctic ice sheet contributed to meltwater pulse 1a, an abrupt sea-level rise of approximately 20 m that occurred about 14,700 years ago. Here we use terrestrial exposure ages and marine sedimentological analyses to show that ice retreat in Mac. Robertson Land, East Antarctica, initiated about 14,000 years ago, became widespread about 12,000 years ago, and was completed by about 7,000 years ago. We use two models of different complexities to assess the forcing of the retreat. Our simulations suggest that, although the initial stage of retreat may have been forced by sea-level rise, the majority of the ice loss resulted from ocean warming at the onset of the Holocene epoch. In light of our age model we conclude that the East Antarctic ice sheet is unlikely to have been the source of meltwater pulse 1a, and, on the basis of our simulations, suggest that Antarctic ice sheets made an insignificant contribution to eustatic sea-level rise at this time.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/NGEO1061},
	author = {Mackintosh, Andrew and Golledge, Nicholas and Domack, Eugene and Dunbar, Robert and Leventer, Amy and White, Duanne and Pollard, David and DeConto, Robert and Fink, David and Zwartz, Dan and Gore, Damian and Lavoie, Caroline}
}
@article {229,
	title = {Application of bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) to develop modern and past temperature estimates from New Zealand lakes},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1955; PT: J; CT: 24th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry; CY: SEP 06-11, 2009; CL: Bremen, GERMANY; UT: WOS:000282671500040},
	pages = {1060-1066},
	abstract = {Branched isoalkyl glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) of bacterial origin have been found in high abundance in both modern and glacial sediments of New Zealand South Island freshwater lakes covering a wide range of altitude (101-2000 m). Like isoprenoid GDGTs of archaeal origin, they provide excellent potential for temperature assessment. For this study, their distribution patterns (MBT, methylation ratio and CBT, cyclisation ratio of branched GDGTs) have been successfully used to develop an initial temperature calibration for the study area and to provide preliminary (palaeo)environmental interpretations. MBT data from modern lake sediments correlate well with measured annual air temperature (R(2) 0 74), enabling a regional calibration for reconstructing palaeotemperatures for fossil samples. MBT-derived palaeotemperatures for Alpine Lake, calibrated against mean annual temperature, were determined for the Last Glacial during an early cold phase (between 29,000 and 26,000 years BP) and for later less cold phases (between 23,000 and 18,000 years BP). Compared with the modern temperature regime, the MBT data indicate a decrease of ca 56 and 2 8 degrees C respectively, during this time Modern and past MBT-derived temperatures correlate with chironomid-based temperature reconstructions in the area Archaeal GDGTs, commonly used for the TEX(86) index, are abundant in fossil sediments (Alpine Lake) but scarce in modern sediments, hindering a new local calibration for this palaeotemperature proxy. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.03.004},
	author = {Zink, Klaus- G. and Vandergoes, Marcus J. and Mangelsdorf, Kai and Dieffenbacher-Krall, Ann C. and Schwark, Lorenz}
}
@article { ISI:000285474600001,
	title = {Contrasting multiproxy reconstructions of surface ocean hydrography in the Agulhas Corridor and implications for the Agulhas Leakage during the last 345,000 years},
	journal = {PALEOCEANOGRAPHY},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2010},
	month = {DEC 16},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Planktonic delta(18)O and Mg/Ca-derived sea surface temperature (SST) records from the Agulhas Corridor off South Africa display a progressive increase of SST during glacial periods of the last three climatic cycles. The SST increases of up to 4 degrees C coincide with increased abundance of subtropical planktonic foraminiferal marker species which indicates a progressive warming due to an increased influence of subtropical waters at the core sites. Mg/Ca-derived SST maximizes during glacial maxima and glacial Terminations to values about 2.5 degrees C above full-interglacial SST. The paired planktonic delta(18)O and Mg/Ca-derived SST records yield glacial seawater delta(18)O anomalies of up to 0.8\%, indicating measurably higher surface salinities during these periods. The SST pattern along our record is markedly different from a U(37)(K{\textquoteright})-derived SST record at a nearby core location in the Agulhas Corridor that displays SST maxima only during glacial Terminations. Possible explanations are lateral alkenone advection by the vigorous regional ocean currents or the development of SST contrasts during glacials in association with seasonal changes of Agulhas water transports and lateral shifts of the Agulhas retroflection. The different SST reconstructions derived from U(37)(K{\textquoteright}) and Mg/Ca pose a significant challenge to the interpretation of the proxy records and demonstrate that the reconstruction of the Agulhas Current and interocean salt leakage is not as straightforward as previously suggested.},
	issn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/2009PA001879},
	author = {Martinez-Mendez, Gema and Zahn, Rainer and Hall, Ian R. and Peeters, Frank J. C. and Pena, Leopoldo D. and Cacho, Isabel and Negre, Cesar}
}
@article {528,
	title = {Environmental anomalies in the northeastern East China Sea during the last 3 000 years: implications for El Nino activity in the Holocene},
	journal = {Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1927; PT: J; UT: WOS:000275654100024},
	pages = {190-200},
	abstract = {To reconstruct the productivity changes for the last 10 500 a in the northeastern East China Sea (ECS), biogenic compounds (such as carbonate, organic carbon and opal), marine micropaleontological fossils (planktonic foraminifera, benthic foraminifera, radiolarian and silicoflagellate) and the compositional characters of benthic foraminifera fauna analyses were carried out on a sediment core DOC082 obtained from the western slope of Okinawa Trough (29 degrees 13.93{\textquoteright}N, 128 degrees 08.53{\textquoteright} E; 1 128 m water depth). The long-term changes of biogenic and micropaleontological proxies display some similarities through the last 10 500 a, which show three different phases: lower values are recorded during the early and middle Holocene (before about 4 000 a BP), followed by an abrupt and remarkable increase at about 4 000 a BP, the late Holocene (after about 3 000 a BP) is characterized by continuously high values. The multi-proxy data of paleoproductivity and percents of benthic foraminifera genera (Uvigerina and Bulimina) show that during the early and middle Holocene (10 500-4 000 a BP) productivity was relatively low with a sudden and distinct increase at about 4 000 a BP, and the late Holocene (3 400-0 a BP) is marked by significantly higher productivity. Also, the radiolarian-based sea surface temperature (SST) records reveal a distinct decline in SST in the late Holocene after 3 200 a BP, very different from the early and middle Holocene. For the last 3 000 a, the enhanced biological productivity and distinctly lower SST indicate a major change of oceanographic conditions in the northeastern ECS. These marine environmental anomalies are consistent with other paleoclimatic records for the late Holocene in the Chinese continent and its surrounding regions. After analyzing the mechanisms of modern productivity and SST changes in the northeastern ECS, and based on the climatic anomalies in the Chinese continent and variations in the Kuroshio Current during modern El Nino periods, we suggest that the anomalous environmental conditions in the northeastern ECS may imply intensified El Nino activity during the late Holocene.},
	issn = {0254-4059},
	doi = {10.1007/s00343-010-9066-6},
	author = {Chang, Fengming and Li, Tiegang and Zhuang, Lihua and Yan, Jun}
}
@article {614,
	title = {Sources of CO2 evasion from two subtropical rivers in North America},
	journal = {Biogeochemistry},
	volume = {100},
	year = {2010},
	note = {646uoTimes Cited:17Cited References Count:55},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {211-225},
	abstract = {We directly measured the partial pressure of dissolved CO2 (pCO(2)) in two humid subtropical rivers in coastal Texas, one highly urbanized (Buffalo Bayou) and one relatively undeveloped (Spring Creek), and analyzed carbon isotopic signatures (Delta C-14 and delta C-13) of riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to determine carbon sources sustaining river respiration. Both rivers were highly supersaturated with CO2 at all study sites and on all dates sampled from June 2007 to February 2009. Mean riverine pCO(2) values are 3,052 +/- A 1,364 and 4,702 +/- A 1,980 mu atm for Buffalo Bayou and Spring Creek, respectively. Calculated CO2 emission fluxes per ha of water surface area from these rivers are intermediate between those in tropical and temperate rivers, indicating that globally, humid subtropical rivers may be a significant source of atmospheric CO2. Carbon isotopic signatures revealed that CO2 supersaturation is supported by different carbon sources for the two rivers. In the relatively undeveloped river (Spring Creek), young terrestrial organic matter (OM) is the predominant C source fueling river heterotrophic respiration. In the highly urbanized river (Buffalo Bayou), the high concentration of riverine CO2 is additionally supported by dissolution of CaCO3 likely from pedogenic carbonate, and crushed limestone/dolomite and oyster shells imbedded in old roads in the watershed. Because urban sources of acidity can include HNO3 and H2SO4, whether the limestone/dolomite and shells used by humans act as a net sink or source of atmospheric CO2 needs further study.},
	issn = {0168-2563},
	doi = {10.1007/s10533-010-9417-6},
	author = {Zeng, F. W. and Masiello, C. A.}
}
@article {527,
	title = {Stable isotopes reveal Holocene changes in the diet of Ad,lie penguins in Northern Victoria Land (Ross Sea, Antarctica)},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {164},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 2350; PT: J; TC: 6; UT: WOS:000284271900007},
	pages = {911-919},
	abstract = {Ad,lie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) modern and fossil eggshells and guano samples collected from ornithogenic soils in Terra Nova Bay (Victoria Land, Ross Sea) were processed for carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios with the aim of detecting past penguin dietary changes. A detailed and greatly expanded Ad,lie penguin dietary record dated back to 7,200 years BP has been reconstructed for the investigated area. Our data indicate a significant dietary shift between fish and krill, with a gradual decrease from past to present time in the proportion of fish compared to krill in Ad,lie penguin diet. From 7,200 to 2,000 years BP, delta(13)C and delta(15)N values indicate fish as the most eaten prey. The dietary contribution of lower-trophic prey in penguin diet started becoming evident not earlier than 2,000 years BP, when the delta(13)C values reveal a change in the penguin feeding behavior. Modern eggshell and guano samples reveal a major dietary contribution of krill but not a krill-dominated diet, since delta(13)C values remain much too high if krill prevail in the diet. According to the Holocene environmental background attested for Victoria Land, Ad,lie penguin dietary shifts between fish and krill seem to reflect penguin paleoecological responses to different paleoenvironmental settings with different conditions of sea-ice extension and persistence. Furthermore, Ad,lie penguin diet appears to be particularly affected by environmental changes in a very specific period within the breeding season, namely the egg-laying period when penguin dietary and feeding habit shifts are clearly documented by the delta(13)C of eggshell carbonate.},
	issn = {0029-8549},
	doi = {10.1007/s00442-010-1790-2},
	author = {Lorenzini, Sandra and Baroni, Carlo and Fallick, Anthony E. and Baneschi, Ilaria and Salvatore, Maria Cristina and Zanchetta, Giovanni and Dallai, Luigi}
}
@article {369,
	title = {Atlantic hurricanes and climate over the past 1,500 years},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {460},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1893; ISI Document Delivery No.: 483CB Times Cited: 2 Cited Reference Count: 37 Cited References: BOLDT K, MAR GEOL UNPUB COBB KM, 2003, NATURE, V424, P271, DOI 10.1038/nature01779 DONNELLY JP, 2001, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V113, P714 DONNELLY JP, 2001, GEOLOGY, V29, P615 DONNELLY JP, 2004, MAR GEOL, V210, P107, DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.005 DONNELLY JP, 2007, NATURE, V447, P465, DOI 10.1038/nature05834 ELSNER JB, 2008, J APPL METEOROL CLIM, V47, P368, DOI 10.1175/2007JAMC1692.1 GARCIAHERRERA R, 2005, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V110, ARTN D03109 GRAHAM NE, 2007, CLIMATIC CHANGE, V83, P241, DOI 10.1007/s10584-007-9239-2 HIPPENSTEEL SP, 2005, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V117, P250, DOI 10.1130/B25535.1 HOLLAND GJ, 2007, PHIL T R SOC A, DOI 10.1098/RSTA.2007.2083 JONES PD, 1997, INT J CLIMATOL, V17, P1433 KAPLAN A, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V103, P18567 KEIGWIN LD, 1996, SCIENCE, V274, P1504 KNUTSON TR, 2008, NAT GEOSCI, V1, P359, DOI 10.1038/ngeo202 LAMBERT WJ, 2003, T GULF COAST ASS GEO, V53, P443 LANDSEA CW, 2007, EOS T AGU, V88, P197, DOI 10.1029/2007E0180001 LIU KB, 2000, QUATERNARY RES, V54, P238 LUTERBACHER J, 2002, ATMOS SCI LETT, V2, P114, DOI 10.1006/ASLE.2001.0044 MANN ME, SCIENCE UNPUB MANN ME, 2005, J CLIMATE, V18, P447 MANN ME, 2007, EOS, V88, P349, DOI 10.1029/2007E0360002 MANN ME, 2007, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V34, ARTN L22707 MANN ME, 2008, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V35, DOI 10.1029/2008GL034716 NEU U, 2008, NATURE, V451, E5, DOI 10.1038/nature06576 NYBERG J, 2007, NATURE, V447, P698, DOI 10.1038/nature05895 OTVOS EG, 2002, QUATERNARY RES, V57, P425 RAYNER NA, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108, ARTN 4407 RICHEY JN, 2007, GEOLOGY, V35, P423, DOI 10.1130/G23507A.1 SABBATELLI TA, J GEOPHYS RES UNPUB SABBATELLI TA, 2007, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V112, ARTN D17114 SCILEPPI E, 2007, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V8, P1 SCOTT DB, 2003, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V115, P1027 SMITH TM, 2003, J CLIMATE, V16, P1495 VECCHI GA, 2007, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V34, ARTN L08702 WOODRUFF JD, 2008, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V9, DOI 10.1029/2008GC002043 WOODRUFF JD, 2008, GEOLOGY, V36, P391, DOI 10.1130/G24731A.1 Mann, Michael E. Woodruff, Jonathan D. Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Zhang, Zhihua National Science Foundation [ATM-0542356, EAR-0519118, OCE-0402746]; YY},
	pages = {880-U115},
	abstract = {Atlantic tropical cyclone activity, as measured by annual storm counts, reached anomalous levels over the past decade(1). The short nature of the historical record and potential issues with its reliability in earlier decades, however, has prompted an ongoing debate regarding the reality and significance of the recent rise(2-5). Here we place recent activity in a longer-term context by comparing two independent estimates of tropical cyclone activity over the past 1,500 years. The first estimate is based on a composite of regional sedimentary evidence of landfalling hurricanes, while the second estimate uses a previously published statistical model of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity driven by proxy reconstructions of past climate changes. Both approaches yield consistent evidence of a peak in Atlantic tropical cyclone activity during medieval times (around AD 1000) followed by a subsequent lull in activity. The statistical model indicates that the medieval peak, which rivals or even exceeds (within uncertainties) recent levels of activity, results from the reinforcing effects of La-Nina-like climate conditions and relative tropical Atlantic warmth.},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature08219},
	author = {Mann, M. E. and Woodruff, J. D. and Donnelly, J. P. and Zhang, Z. H.}
}
@article {332,
	title = {Brown Clouds over South Asia: Biomass or Fossil Fuel Combustion?},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {323},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1867; 396JL Times Cited:8 Cited References Count:33Y},
	pages = {495-498},
	abstract = {Carbonaceous aerosols cause strong atmospheric heating and large surface cooling that is as important to South Asian climate forcing as greenhouse gases, yet the aerosol sources are poorly understood. Emission inventory models suggest that biofuel burning accounts for 50 to 90\% of emissions, whereas the elemental composition of ambient aerosols points to fossil fuel combustion. We used radiocarbon measurements of winter monsoon aerosols from western India and the Indian Ocean to determine that biomass combustion produced two- thirds of the bulk carbonaceous aerosols, as well as one- half and two- thirds of two black carbon subfractions, respectively. These constraints show that both biomass combustion ( such as residential cooking and agricultural burning) and fossil fuel combustion should be targeted to mitigate climate effects and improve air quality.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1164857},
	author = {Gustafsson, O. and Krusa, M. and Zencak, Z. and Sheesley, R. J. and Granat, L. and Engstrom, E. and Praveen, P. S. and Rao, P. S. P. and Leck, C. and Rodhe, H.}
}
@article {283,
	title = {Late Holocene Hydrologic and Vegetation Changes at Turneffe Atoll, Belize, Compared with Records from Mainland Central America and Mexico},
	journal = {Palaios},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1835; 506UH Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:34Y},
	pages = {650-656},
	abstract = {We present pollen and stable isotope (delta C-13, delta O-18, delta N-15) data from a similar to 4 in core (TNF-1) of primarily mangrove peat taken from Turneffe Atoll, Belize. Radiocarbon (accelerator mass spectrometry) dates show that the record represents ca. 5000 years of sediment accumulation. Vegetation composition varied between dominant mangroves (primarily Rhizophora mangle) and Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae, most likely Salicornia bigelovii. The pollen data, along with inferences from stable isotope analyses of bulk peat and fossil leaf fragments, indicate that marked environmental changes occurred at this location over the past ca. 5000 years. There was a transition between ca. 4100 and 2900 cal yr BP, from vegetation dominated by relatively tall mangroves (R. mangle) to one dominated by Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae and then Myrica, most likely wax myrtle (M. cerifera). These changes bracket a period centered at ca. 3500 calibrated years before present, where there is a peak in the delta O-18 of mangrove leaf fragments. This timing corresponds with other paleoenvironmental records of climate drying in Central America and increases the geographic and habitat scope (i.e., mangrove habitat) of records documenting these changes. Interpretations of shifts in mangrove habitat, however, require consideration of additional environmental influences, including changes in groundwater hydrology and relative inputs of seawater and freshwater (i.e., precipitation) during the Holocene.},
	issn = {0883-1351},
	doi = {10.2110/palo.2009.p09-036r},
	author = {Wooller, M. J. and Behling, H. and Guerrero, J. L. and Jantz, N. and Zweigert, M. E.}
}
@article {537,
	title = {Report from the International Permafrost Association: Carbon Pools in Permafrost Regions},
	journal = {Permafrost and Periglacial Processes},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2027; PT: J; UT: WOS:000267409000012},
	pages = {229-234},
	issn = {1045-6740},
	doi = {10.1002/ppp.648},
	author = {Kuhry, Peter and Ping, Chien-Lu and Schuur, Edward A. G. and Tarnocai, Charles and Zimov, Sergey}
}
@article {364,
	title = {Southward movement of the Pacific intertropical convergence zone AD 1400-1850},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 847; 497LS Times Cited:5 Cited References Count:45Y},
	pages = {519-525},
	abstract = {Tropical rainfall patterns control the subsistence lifestyle of more than one billion people. Seasonal changes in these rainfall patterns are associated with changes in the position of the intertropical convergence zone, which is characterized by deep convection causing heavy rainfall near 10 degrees N in boreal summer and 3 degrees N in boreal winter. Dynamic controls on the position of the intertropical convergence zone are debated, but palaeoclimatic evidence from continental Asia, Africa and the Americas suggests that it has shifted substantially during the past millennium, reaching its southernmost position some time during the Little Ice Age (AD 1400-1850). However, without records from the meteorological core of the intertropical convergence zone in the Pacific Ocean, quantitative constraints on its position are lacking. Here we report microbiological, molecular and hydrogen isotopic evidence from lake sediments in the Northern Line Islands, Galapagos and Palau indicating that the Pacific intertropical convergence zone was south of its modern position for most of the past millennium, by as much as 500 km during the Little Ice Age. A colder Northern Hemisphere at that time, possibly resulting from lower solar irradiance, may have driven the intertropical convergence zone south. We conclude that small changes in Earth{\textquoteright}s radiation budget may profoundly affect tropical rainfall.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/Ngeo554},
	author = {Sachs, J. P. and Sachse, D. and Smittenberg, R. H. and Zhang, Z. H. and Battisti, D. S. and Golubic, S.}
}
@article {518,
	title = {Vast laminated diatom mat deposits from the west low-latitude Pacific Ocean in the last glacial period},
	journal = {Chinese Science Bulletin},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1928; PT: J; UT: WOS:000272622100036},
	pages = {4529-4533},
	abstract = {Diatoms are one of the predominant contributors to global carbon fixation by accounting for over 40\% of total oceanic primary production and dominate export production. They play a significant role in marine biogeochemistry cycle. The diatom mat deposits are results of vast diatoms bloom. By analysis of diatom mats in 136 degrees 00{\textquoteright}-140 degrees 00{\textquoteright}E, 15 degrees 00{\textquoteright}-21 degrees 00{\textquoteright}N, Eastern Philippines Sea, we identified the species of the diatoms as giant Ethmodiscus rex (Wallich) Hendey. AMS (14)C dating shows that the sediments rich in diatom mats occurred during 16000-28600 a B.P., which means the bloom mainly occurred during the last glacial period, while there are no diatom mat deposits in other layers. Preliminary analysis indicates that Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) expanded northward and brought silicate-rich water into the area, namely, silicon leakage processes caused the bloom of diatoms. In addition, the increase of iron input is one of the main reasons for the diatom bloom.},
	issn = {1001-6538},
	doi = {10.1007/s11434-009-0447-1},
	author = {Zhai, Bin and Li, Tiegang and Chang, Fengming and Cao, QiYuan}
}
@article {904,
	title = {Evolution in upper water structure and paleoproductivity in the northern margin of the western pacific warm pool and its forcing mechanism during the last 190 ka B.P.-evidence from nannofossil, foraminifera and their isotope com position},
	journal = {Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1932},
	pages = {305-311},
	author = {Zhao, Jingtao and Li, Tiegang and Chang, Fengming and Jiang, Bo}
}
@article {441,
	title = {A Holocene paleotemperature record based on radiolaria from the northern Okinawa Trough (East China Sea)},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {183},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1926; PT: J; UT: WOS:000257255700009},
	pages = {115-122},
	abstract = {Using a radiolarian-based transfer function, mean annual sea surface temperature (SST) and seasonal temperature range are reconstructed through the last 10,500yrs in the northern Okinawa Trough. Down-core SST estimates reveal that throughout the Holocene the changes of mean annual SST display a three-step trend: (i) an early Holocene continuous warming between 10,500 and 8500yr BP which ends up with a abrupt cooling at about 8200yr BP; (ii) a relatively stable middle Holocene with high SST that lasted until 3200yr BP; and (iii) a late-Holocene distinct SST decline between 3200 and 500yr BP. This pattern is in agreement with the ice core and terrestrial paleoclimatic records in the Chinese continent and other regions of the world. Five cooling events with abrupt mean annual SST drops, which occur at similar to 300-600, 1400, 3100, 4600-5100 and 8200yr BP, are recognized during the last 10,500yrs. Comparison of our results with records of GISP2 ice core and marine sediment in North Atlantic region suggests these cooling events are strongly coupled, which implies a possible significant climatic correlation between high- and low-latitude areas. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2006.12.007},
	author = {Chang, Fengming and Li, Tiegang and Zhuang, Lihua and Yan, Jun}
}
@article { ISI:000262186900001,
	title = {Stratigraphy, pollen history and geochronology of tidal marshes in a Gulf of Maine estuarine system: Climatic and relative sea level impacts},
	journal = {MARINE GEOLOGY},
	volume = {256},
	number = {{1-4}},
	year = {2008},
	month = {DEC 20},
	pages = {1-17},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {Sedimentologic and stratigraphic characteristics of five tidal marshes in Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire, which is located on the western boundary of the Gulf of Maine, were assessed from 20 vibracores. detailed descriptions of surficial environments, pollen analyses, and radiocarbon dating. Modern marsh sequences in Great Bay Estuary initiated with a time-transgressive basal peat that formed at the upland-brackish marsh boundary. The oldest basal peat deposit sampled during this study was dated at similar to 4560 cal yr B.P (based on an age of 4060 +/- 40 C-14 yr B.P.). The original tidal marshes that formed in Great Bay Estuary apparently were unable to accrete at a high enough rate to allow seaward expansion, resulting in a transgressive sequence of low marsh or mudflat sediments overlying the basal peat. The transgressive tidal marsh sequence is capped by high marsh sediments that corresponded to a slowing of relative sea-level (RSL) rise in the region and regressive seaward expansion of the tidal marshes. However, significant variations from these transgressive-regressive sequences occur in the Great Bay tidal marshes as a result of more recent marsh expansion and tidal channel migrations. Detailed pollen analyses of a vibracore taken in a tidal marsh along Squamscott River with a sedimentary record spanning the last similar to 3900 cal yr B.P exhibit five well-documented marker horizons including: 1) an increase of Tsuga (hemlock); 2) the appearance of Picea (spruce); 3) Tsuga and Fagus (beech) declines; 4) an increase in Ambrosia (ragweed) coupled with a sudden decrease in Quercus (oak); and 5) the Castanea (chestnut) decline. Using published ages for these pollen horizons and a calibrated 14C age obtained during this study for a basal peat, accretion rates for this marsh system over five time intervals were calculated: 1) 0.4 to 0.5 mm yr(-1) from similar to 3900 to 2850 cal yr B.P.; 2) 0.6 mm yr(-1) from similar to 2850 to similar to 1960 cal yr B.P.; 3) 0.8 mm yr(-1) from similar to 1960 to similar to 580 cal yr B.P.; 4) 0.7 to 0.8 mm yr(-1) from similar to 580 to similar to 210 cal yr B.P.: and 5) 0.8 to 0.9 mm yr(-1) over the last 210 years. The long-term accretion rate for the entire sequence based on the calibrated C-14 age of the basal peat was 0.6 to 0.7 mm yr(-1). This result agrees with accretion rates determined from calibrated C-14 ages from two other tidal marsh systems in Great Bay Estuary with accretion rates between similar to 0.6 to similar to 0.8 mm yr(-1). Higher accretion rates were obtained at a nearby tidal marsh with 1.2 mm yr(-1) for just the marsh and 1.3 mm yr(-1) for the marsh and underlying subtidal sediment. The results of this study indicate that the sedimentology and stratigraphy of moderate-size tidal marshes in rocky, glaciated coasts are highly variable and are strongly influenced by complex interactions among RSL, climatic variations, and anthropogenic influences. For instance, the early development of many of the marshes in the Great Bay Estuary area were likely driven by changes in rates of RSL resulting in transgressive onlap boundaries, subsequently overlain by regressive intertidal marsh sequences. However, more recent changes in tidal marsh sediment composition deposited during a relatively slow, steady RSL rise likely result from other forcings. such as changes in minerogenic and orogenic sediment inputs due to anthropogenic effects, tidal channel migrations, major storms causing erosion of the marsh, or climatic changes causing shifts in sediment delivery or vegetation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {accretion, climate effects, pollen, relative sea level, salt marshes, sedimentology, stratigraphy},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2008.08.004},
	author = {Ward, Larry G. and Zaprowski, Brent J. and Trainer, Kevin D. and Davis, P. Thompson}
}
@article {1897,
	title = {Aging of marine organic matter during cross-shelf lateral transport in the Benguela upwelling system revealed by compound-specific radiocarbon dating},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2007},
	note = {213qvTimes Cited:3
Cited References Count:60
},
	month = {Sep 18},
	abstract = {Organic matter accumulation and burial on the Namibian shelf and upper slope are spatially heterogeneous and strongly controlled by lateral transport in subsurface nepheloid layers. Much of the material deposited in depo-centers on the slope ultimately derives from the shelf. Supply of organic matter from the shelf involves selective transport of organic matter. We studied these selective transport processes by analyzing the radiocarbon content of co-occurring sediment fractions. Here we present radiocarbon data for total organic carbon as well as three tracers of surface ocean productivity (phytoplankton-derived alkenones, membrane lipids of pelagic crenarchaeota (crenarchaeol), and calcareous microfossils of planktic foraminifera) in core-top and near-surface sediment samples. The samples were collected on the Namibian margin along a shelf-slope transect (85 to 1040 m) at 24 degrees S and from the upper slope depo-center at 25.5 degrees S. In core-top sediments, alkenone ages gradually increased from modern to 3490 radiocarbon years with distance from shore and with water depth. Crenarchaeol, while younger than alkenones, also increased in age with distance offshore. It was concluded that the observed ages were a consequence of cross-shelf transport and associated aging of organic matter. Radiocarbon ages of preserved lipid biomarkers in sediments thus at least partially depend on the relative amount of laterally supplied, pre-aged material present in a sample, highlighting the importance of nepheloid transport for the sedimentation of organic matter over the Namibian margin.},
	keywords = {alkenones, atlantic-ocean, burial, carbon accumulation, coastal, compound-specific radiocarbon dating, continental-margin, ionization mass-spectrometry, membrane-lipids, namibia, sea sediments, Sediment transport},
	isbn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2007GC001603},
	author = {Mollenhauer, G. and Inthorn, M. and Vogt, T. and Zabel, M. and Damste, J. S. S. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {336,
	title = {Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {316},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1897; ISI Document Delivery No.: 153XD Times Cited: 46 Cited Reference Count: 61 Cited References: ADKINS JF, 1997, NATURE, V390, P154 ADKINS JF, 1999, RECONSTRUCTING OCEAN, P103 ADKINS JF, 2003, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V216, P109, DOI 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00502-8 BACON MP, 1982, J GEOPHYS RES, V87, P2045 BICKERT T, 2004, S ATLANTIC LATE QUAT, P671 BOYLE EA, 1982, SCIENCE, V218, P784 BROECKER W, 1988, RADIOCARBON, V30, P261 CHASE Z, 2002, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V204, P215 CLARK PU, 2002, NATURE, V415, P863 CONKRIGHT ME, 2002, WORLD OCEAN ATLAS 20 CURRY WB, 1982, QUATERNARY RES, V18, P218 CURRY WB, 2005, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V20, ARTN PA1017 DUPIESSY JC, 1980, NATURE, V286, P479 DUPLESSY JC, 1988, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V3, P343 DUPLESSY JC, 1989, RADIOCARBON, V31, P493 ELDERFIELD H, 2006, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V250, P633, DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.07.041 EMILIANI C, 1955, J GEOL, V63, P538 GANACHAUD A, 2000, NATURE, V408, P453 GEBBIE G, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q11N07 GHERARDI JM, 2005, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V240, P710, DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.061 HALL IR, 2006, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V33, ARTN L16616 HALL MM, 1982, DEEP-SEA RES, V29, P339 HEWITT CD, 2003, CLIM DYNAM, V20, P203, DOI 10.1007/s00382-002-0272-6 HIRSCHI JJM, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q10N04 HUYBERS P, 2007, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V37, P394, DOI 10.1175/JPO3018.1 KEIGWIN LD, 2004, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V19, ARTN PA4012 KISSEL C, 1999, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V171, P489 KITOH A, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V28, P2221 KUCERA M, 2005, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V24, P951, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.07.014 KUMAR N, 1993, NATURE, V362, P45 LEGRAND P, 1995, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V10, P1011 LEGRANDE AN, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P837 LYNCHSTIEGLITZ J, 1999, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V14, P360 LYNCHSTIEGLITZ J, 2001, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V2, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000208 LYNCHSTIEGLITZ J, 2003, TREATISE GEOCHEMISTR, V6, P433 LYNCHSTIEGLITZ J, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q10N03 MANABE S, 1988, J CLIMATOL, V1, P841 MANGINI A, 1998, NATURE, V392, P347 MARCHAL O, 2000, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V15, P625 MARCHITTO TM, 2000, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V15, P299 MARCHITTO TM, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q12003 MAROTZKE J, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V104, P29529 MATSUMOTO K, 1999, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V14, P149 MCCAVE IN, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q10N05 MCMANUS JF, 2004, NATURE, V428, P834, DOI 10.1038/nature02494 MIX AC, 2001, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V20, P627 OTTOBLIESNER BL, 2006, J CLIMATE, V19, P2526 PAUL A, 2003, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V18, ARTN 1058 PIOTROWSKI AM, 2005, SCIENCE, V307, P1933, DOI 10.1126/science.1104883 ROBINSON LF, 2005, SCIENCE, V310, P1469, DOI 10.1126/science.1114832 ROEMMICH D, 1985, DEEP-SEA RES, V32, P619 SARNTHEIN M, 1994, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V9, P209 SCHMITTNER A, 2005, GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY, V19, ARTN GB3004 SHACKLETON NJ, 1988, NATURE, V335, P708 SHIN SI, 2003, CLIM DYNAM, V20, P127, DOI 10.1007/s00382-002-0260-x STOMMEL H, 1961, TELLUS, V13, P224 STREETER SS, 1979, SCIENCE, V203, P168 VELLINGA M, 2002, CLIMATIC CHANGE, V54, P251 WUNSCH C, 2003, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V22, P371 YU EF, 1996, NATURE, V379, P689 ZHANG R, 2005, J CLIMATE, V18, P1853 Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean Adkins, Jess F. Curry, William B. Dokken, Trond Hall, Ian R. Herguera, Juan Carlos Hirschi, Joel J. -M. Ivanova, Elena V. Kissel, Catherine Marchal, Olivier Marchitto, Thomas M. McCave, I. Nicholas McManus, Jerry F. Mulitza, Stefan Ninnemann, Ulysses Peeters, Frank Yu, Ein-Fen Zahn, Rainer Amer assoc advancement science Washington; YY},
	pages = {66-69},
	abstract = {The circulation of the deep Atlantic Ocean during the height of the last ice age appears to have been quite different from today. We review observations implying that Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum was neither extremely sluggish nor an enhanced version of present-day circulation. The distribution of the decay products of uranium in sediments is consistent with a residence time for deep waters in the Atlantic only slightly greater than today. However, evidence from multiple water-mass tracers supports a different distribution of deep-water properties, including density, which is dynamically linked to circulation.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1137127},
	author = {Lynch-Stieglitz, J. and Adkins, J. F. and Curry, W. B. and Dokken, T. and Hall, I. R. and Herguera, J. C. and Hirschi, J. J. M. and Ivanova, E. V. and Kissel, C. and Marchal, O. and Marchitto, T. M. and McCave, I. N. and McManus, J. F. and Mulitza, S. and Ninnemann, U. and Peeters, F. and Yu, E. F. and Zahn, R.}
}
@article {458,
	title = {Biomarker evidence for the co-occurrence of three races (A, B and L) of Botryococcus braunii in El Junco Lake, Galapagos},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 590; 218MC Times Cited:7 Cited References Count:72},
	pages = {1459-1478},
	abstract = {In spite of the fact that individual races of Botryococcus braunii are widely distributed in lakes, reports of the co-existence of different chemical races are rare. Here we report biomarker evidence for the co-occurrence of three different races of B. braunii (A, B and L) in the water column and sediments of El Junco Lake, a freshwater crater lake at 700 m elevation on San Cristobal Island, Galapagos. We also show the existence of lycopadienes and lycopatrienes in suspended particles and sediments. Biomarker indicators of the three races were: cis and trans C-25-C-31 n-alkadienes and a C-29 triene for race A, a series of C34H58 botryococcenes for race B, and a C40H78 hydrocarbon, trans, trans-lycopadiene accompanied by minor amounts of isomers for race L. Epoxides derived from n-alkadienes and trans, trans-lycopadiene, specific to races A and L respectively, were also detected. Several previously unreported lycopadienes and lycopatrienes were identified in both the water column and sediment, and are believed to represent by-products and intermediates, respectively, of trans, trans-lycopadiene synthesis. Botryococcene and lycopadiene concentrations reached 16.7 and 0.8 mg/g dry sediment in near-surface sediments, and varied over more than three orders of magnitude, while n-alkadienes were present in trace quantities. Pyrolysates from the kerogen fraction of sediment contained lycopadiene and alkadiene related lipids along with chemically resistant polymers of R braunii cell walls. Apparently n-alkadienes, botryococcenes and lycopadienes and -trienes can survive in oxic sediments for several decades, and the down core variation in these lipids likely reflects changes in lake hydrology, alternately favoring the bloom or near-extinction of R braunii race B. (C). 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Orggeochem.2007.05.015},
	author = {Zhang, Z. H. and Metzger, P. and Sachs, J. P.}
}
@article {1882,
	title = {Carbon nanotube foils for electron stripping in tandem accelerators},
	journal = {Nucl. Inst. \& Meth. in Physics Research B.},
	volume = {261},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 690},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {48-48},
	author = {von Reden, K. and Zhang, M. and Meigs, M. and Sichel, E. and Fang, S. and Baughman, R.}
}
@conference {1624,
	title = {The Environmental Anomalies in the Northeastern East China Sea during the Last 3000 Years: Implications for El Nino Activity in the Holocene},
	booktitle = {9th International Conference on Paleoceanography (ICP 9)},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1935; TY: CPAPER; NO: Source type: conferencepapers\&proceedings; Object type: Conference Paper; CSAUnique: CPI-4728602; AccNum: 4728602(China)
},
	month = {2007},
	keywords = {Donghai Sea, Holocene, Multidisciplinary, Paleo studies, Paleoenvironments, U 7000},
	author = {Chang, F. and Zhuang, L. and Li, T. and Yan, J. and Li, Q.},
	editor = {Shanghai International Convention Center, Shanghai}
}
@article {403,
	title = {Evaluation of gas chromatographic isotope fractionation and process contamination by carbon in compound-specific radiocarbon analysis},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 615; 140ID Times Cited:11 Cited References Count:32},
	pages = {2042-2049},
	abstract = {The relevance of both modern and fossil carbon contamination as well as isotope fractionation during preparative gas chromatography for compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) was evaluated. Two independent laboratories investigated the influence of modern carbon contamination in the sample cleanup procedure and preparative capillary gas chromatography (pcGC) of a radiocarbon-dead 3,3{\textquoteright},4,4{\textquoteright},5,5{\textquoteright}-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 169) reference. The isolated samples were analyzed for their C-14/C-12 ratio by accelerator mass spectrometry. Sample Delta C-14 values of -996 +/- 20 and -985 +/- 20\% agreed with a Delta C-14 of -995 +/- 20\% for the unprocessed PCB 169, suggesting that no significant contamination by nonfossil carbon was introduced during the sample preparation process at either laboratory. A reference compound containing a modern C-14/C-12 ratio (vanillin) was employed to evaluate process contamination from fossil C. No negative bias due to fossil C was observed (sample Delta C-14 value of 165 +/- 20\% agreed with Delta C-14 of 155 +/- 12\% for the unprocessed vanillin). The extent of isotopic fractionation that can be induced during pcGC was evaluated by partially collecting the vanillin model compound of modern C-14/C-12 abundance. A significant change in the delta C-13 and delta C-14 values was observed when only parts of the eluting peak were collected (delta C-13 values ranged from -15.75 to -49.91\% and delta C-14 values from -82.4 to +4.71\%). Delta C-14 values, which are normalized to a delta C-13 of -25\%, did not deviate significantly (-58.9 to -5.8\%, considering the uncertainty of similar to +/- 20\%). This means that normalization of radiocarbon results to a delta C-13 of -25\%, normally performed to remove effects of environmental isotope fractionation on C-14-based age determinations, also cor-rects sufficiently for putative isotopic fractionation that may occur during pcGC isolation of individual compounds for CSRA.},
	issn = {0003-2700},
	doi = {10.1021/Ac061821a},
	author = {Zencak, Z. and Reddy, C. M. and Teuten, E. L. and Xu, L. and McNichol, A. P. and Gustafsson, O.}
}
@article {390,
	title = {Flux and age of dissolved organic carbon exported to the Arctic Ocean: A carbon isotopic study of the five largest arctic rivers RID C-4087-2009 RID C-5396-2008},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 2033; PT: J; UT: WOS:000250704000002},
	pages = {GB4011-GB4011},
	abstract = {The export and Delta C-14-age of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was determined for the Yenisey, Lena, Ob{\textquoteright}, Mackenzie, and Yukon rivers for 2004 - 2005. Concentrations of DOC elevate significantly with increasing discharge in these rivers, causing approximately 60\% of the annual export to occur during a 2-month period following spring ice breakup. We present a total annual flux from the five rivers of similar to 16 teragrams (Tg), and conservatively estimate that the total input of DOC to the Arctic Ocean is 25 - 36 Tg, which is similar to 5-20\% greater than previous fluxes. These fluxes are also similar to 2.5 x greater than temperate rivers with similar watershed sizes and water discharge. Delta C-14-DOC shows a clear relationship with hydrology. A small pool of DOC slightly depleted in Delta C-14 is exported with base flow. The large pool exported with spring thaw is enriched in D14C with respect to current-day atmospheric Delta C-14-CO2 values. A simple model predicts that similar to 50\% of DOC exported during the arctic spring thaw is 1 - 5 years old, similar to 25\% is 6 - 10 years in age, and 15\% is 11 - 20 years old. The dominant spring melt period, a historically undersampled period, exports a large amount of young and presumably semilabile DOC to the Arctic Ocean.},
	issn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2007GB002934},
	author = {Raymond, Peter A. and McClelland, J. W. and Holmes, R. M. and Zhulidov, A. V. and Mull, K. and Peterson, B. J. and Striegl, R. G. and Aiken, G. R. and Gurtovaya, T. Y.}
}
@article {477,
	title = {Late Holocene fine-grained sediments of the Balearic Abyssal Plain, Western Mediterranean Sea},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {237},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 624; 139VA Times Cited:6 Cited References Count:57},
	pages = {25-36},
	abstract = {The Late Holocene fine-grained sedimentation in the deep central Balearic Abyssal Plain, Western Mediterranean Sea, has been studied after the analysis of high quality sediment cores from three multicoring stations, named A, B and C. The coring stations are 25 km apart from each other and form a triangle that is at the greatest distance from the nearest landmasses. The sediments consist of foraminifer-pteropod oozes (layers U1 and U4 from bottom to top), two pteropod oozes (U2 and U5) and a turbidite layer (U3). The same sequence has been identified in the three cores. The turbidite layer U3 that lies on top of U2 (C-14 AMS dated at 1814 cal yrs BP) ranges from 5 to I I cm thick and is clearly distinguished from the dominating hemipelagic sediments by colour variations, higher water content and the absence of planktonic foraminifer shells. Rather uniform values of organic carbon and nitrogen are also characteristic of the U3 turbidite unit, likely because of homogenisation during transport and emplacement. In addition, U3 unit shows higher contents of terrigenous elements such as K and Fe. Otherwise, the presence of zeolites in the turbidite layer supports the hypothesis of the Sardinian continental margin, where pyroclastic deposits are known, as the most likely source area for U3. Our results demonstrate the ability of turbidity currents originating on the margins surrounding the Balearic Abyssal Plain to reach the very centre of the basin during high sea level still stands as the present one. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Margeo.2006.10.034},
	author = {Zuniga, D. and Garcia-Orellana, J. and Calafat, A. and Price, N. B. and Adatte, T. and Sanchez-Vidal, A. and Canals, M. and Sanchex-Cabeza, J. A. and Masque, P. and Fabres, J.}
}
@article {663,
	title = {Paleoenvironmental change in the middle Okinawa Trough since the last deglaciation: Evidence from the sedimentation rate and planktonic foraminiferal record},
	journal = {Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology},
	volume = {243},
	year = {2007},
	note = {134kzTimes Cited:48Cited References Count:62},
	month = {Jan 22},
	pages = {378-393},
	abstract = {Well-dated, high-resolution records of planktonic foraminifera and oxygen isotopes from two sediment cores, A7 and E017, in the middle Okinawa Trough reveal strong and rapid millennial-scale climate changes since similar to 18 to 17 thousand years before present (kyr B.P.). Sedimentation rate shows a sudden drop at similar to 11.2 cal. kyr B.P. due to a rapid rise of sea level after the Younger Dryas (YD) and consequently submergence of the large continental shelf on the East China Sea (ECS) and the retreat of the estuary providing sediment to the basin. During the last deglaciation, the relative abundance of warm and cold species of planktonic foraminifera fluctuates strongly, consistent with the timing of sea surface temperature (SST) variations determined from Mg/Ca measurements of planktonic foraminifera from one of the two cores. These fluctuations are coeval with climate variation recorded in the Greenland ice cores and North Atlantic sediments, namely Heinrich event 1 (H1), Bolling-Allerod (B/A) and YD events. At about 9.4 kyr B.P., a sudden change in the relative abundance of shallow to deep planktonic species probably indicates a sudden strengthening of the Kuroshio Current in the Okinawa Trough, which was synchronous with a rapid sea-level rise at 9.5-9.2 kyr B.P. in the ECS, Yellow Sea (YS) and South China Sea (SCS). The abundance of planktonic foraminiferal species, together with Mg/Ca based SST, exhibits millennial-scale oscillations during the Holocene, with 7 cold events (at about 1.7, 2.3-4.6, 6.2, 7.3, 8.2, 9.6, 10.6 cal. kyr BP) superimposed on a Holocene warming trend. This Holocene trend, together with centennial-scale SST variations superimposed on the last deglacial trend, suggests that both high and low latitude influences affected the climatology of the Okinawa Trough. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.08.016},
	author = {Xiang, R. and Sun, Y. B. and Li, T. G. and Oppo, D. W. and Chen, M. H. and Zheng, F.}
}
@article {515,
	title = {Quantification and radiocarbon source apportionment of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols using the CTO-375 method},
	journal = {Atmospheric Environment},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 818; 243XB Times Cited:8 Cited References Count:58Y},
	pages = {7895-7906},
	abstract = {To make progress towards linking the atmosphere and biogeosphere parts of the black carbon (BC) cycle, a chemothermal oxidation method (CTO-375), commonly applied for isolating BC from complex geomatrices such as soils, sediments and aquatic particles, was applied to investigate the BC also in atmospheric particles. Concentrations and C-14-based source apportionment of CTO-375 based BC was established for a reference aerosol (NIST RM-8785) and for wintertime aerosols collected in Stockholm and in a Swedish background area. The results were compared with thermal-optical (OC/EC) measurements. For NIST RM-8785, a good agreement was found between the BCCTO-375 concentration and the reported elemental carbon (EC) concentration measured by the "Speciation Trends Network - National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health" method (ECNIOSH) with BCCTO-375 of 0.054+/-0.002gg(-1) and ECNIOSH of 0.067+/-0.008gg(-1). In contrast, there was an average factor of ca. 20 difference between BC(CTO-37)5 and ECNIOSH for the ambient Scandinavian wintertime aerosols, presumably reflecting a combination of BCCTO-375 isolating only the recalcitrant soot-BC portion of the BC continuum and the ECNIOSH metric inadvertently including some intrinsically non-pyrogenic organic matter. Isolation of BCCTO-375 with subsequent off-line radiocarbon analysis yielded fraction modern values (fM) for total organic carbon (TOC) of 0.93 (aerosols from a Swedish background area), and 0.58 (aerosols collected in Stockholm); whereas the fM for BCCTO-375 isolates were 1.08 (aerosols from a Swedish background area), and 0.87 (aerosols collected in Stockholm). This radiocarbon-based source apportionment suggests that contribution from biomass combustion to cold-season atmospheric BCCTO-375 in Stockholm was 70\% and in the background area 88\%. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1352-2310},
	doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.006},
	author = {Zencak, Z. and Elmquist, M. and Gustafsson, O.}
}
@article {905,
	title = {Source apportionment of atmospheric PAHs in the western Balkans by natural abundance radiocarbon analysis},
	journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 519},
	pages = {3850-3855},
	doi = {10.1021/es0628957},
	author = {Zencak, Zdenek and Klanova, Jana and Holoubek, Ivan and Gustafsson, {\"O}rjan}
}
@article {725,
	title = {Stable carbon isotope compositions of Eastern Beringian grasses and sedges: Investigating their potential as paleoenvironmental indicators},
	journal = {Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2007},
	note = {170fwTimes Cited:20Cited References Count:73},
	month = {May},
	pages = {318-331},
	abstract = {The nature of vegetation cover present in Beringia during the last glaciation remains unclear. Uncertainty rests partly with the limitations of conventional paleoecological methods. A lack of sufficient taxonomic resolution most notably associated with the grasses and sedges restricts the paleoccological inferences that can be made. Stable isotope measurements of subfossil plants are frequently used to enhance paleoenvironmental reconstructions. We present an investigation of the stable carbon isotope composition (delta C-13) of modern and subfossil grasses and sedges (graminoids) from Eastern Beringia. Modern grasses from wet habitats had a mean delta C-13 of -29.1 parts per thousand. (standard deviation [SD] = 2.1 parts per thousand, n = 75), while those from dry habitats had a mean of -26.9 parts per thousand (SD = 1.19, n = 27). Sedges (n = -50) from dry, wet, marsh, and sand dune habitats had specific habitat ranges. Four modern C-4 grasses had delta C-13 values typical Of C4 plants. Analyses were also conducted using subfossil graminoid remains from several sedimentary paleoecological contexts (e.g., arctic ground squirrel nests, loess, permafrost, and paleosols) in Eastern Beringia. Results from these subfossil samples, ranging in age from > 40,000 to ca. 11,000 cal. yr BP, illustrate that the delta C-13 of graminoid remains has altered during the past. The range of variation in the subfossil samples is within the range from modern graminoid specimens from dry and wet habitats. The results indicate that stable isotopes could contribute to a comprehensive and multiproxy reconstruction of Beringian paleoenvironments.},
	issn = {1523-0430},
	doi = {10.1657/1523-0430(2007)39[318:Scicoe]2.0.Co;2},
	author = {Wooller, M. J. and Zazula, G. D. and Edwards, M. and Froese, D. G. and Boone, R. D. and Parker, C. and Bennett, B.}
}
@article {275,
	title = {A study of secondary organic aerosol formation in the anthropogenic-influenced southeastern United States},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {112},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 788; 187XB Times Cited:47 Cited References Count:39Y},
	abstract = {[1] The formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in an anthropogenic-influenced region in the southeastern United States is investigated by a comparison with urban plumes in the northeast. The analysis is based on measurements of fine-particle organic compounds soluble in water (WSOC) as a measure of secondary organic aerosol. Aircraft measurements over a large area of northern Georgia, including the Atlanta metropolitan region, and in plumes from New York City and surrounding urban regions in the northeast show that fine-particle WSOC are spatially correlated with vehicle emission tracers (e.g., CO), yet the measurements indicate that vehicles do not directly emit significant particulate WSOC. In addition to being correlated, WSOC concentrations were in similar proportions to anthropogenic tracers in both regions, despite biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that were on average 10-100 times higher over northern Georgia. In contrast, radiocarbon analysis on WSOC extracted from integrated filters deployed in Atlanta suggests that roughly 70-80\% of the carbon in summertime WSOC is modern. If both findings are valid, the combined results indicate that in northern Georgia, fine-particle WSOC was secondary and formed through a process that involves mainly modern biogenic VOCs but which is strongly linked to an anthropogenic component that may largely control the mass of SOA formed. Independent of the radiocarbon results, a strong association between SOA and anthropogenic sources has implications for control strategies in urban regions with large biogenic VOC emissions.},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2007jd008408},
	author = {Weber, R. J. and Sullivan, A. P. and Peltier, R. E. and Russell, A. and Yan, B. and Zheng, M. and de Gouw, J. and Warneke, C. and Brock, C. and Holloway, J. S. and Atlas, E. L. and Edgerton, E.}
}
@article {2444,
	title = {A study of secondary organic aerosol formation in the anthropogenic-influenced southeastern United States},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {112},
	year = {2007},
	note = {263D13302
},
	month = {Jul},
	abstract = {[1] The formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in an anthropogenic-influenced region in the southeastern United States is investigated by a comparison with urban plumes in the northeast. The analysis is based on measurements of fine-particle organic compounds soluble in water (WSOC) as a measure of secondary organic aerosol. Aircraft measurements over a large area of northern Georgia, including the Atlanta metropolitan region, and in plumes from New York City and surrounding urban regions in the northeast show that fine-particle WSOC are spatially correlated with vehicle emission tracers (e.g., CO), yet the measurements indicate that vehicles do not directly emit significant particulate WSOC. In addition to being correlated, WSOC concentrations were in similar proportions to anthropogenic tracers in both regions, despite biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that were on average 10-100 times higher over northern Georgia. In contrast, radiocarbon analysis on WSOC extracted from integrated filters deployed in Atlanta suggests that roughly 70-80\% of the carbon in summertime WSOC is modern. If both findings are valid, the combined results indicate that in northern Georgia, fine-particle WSOC was secondary and formed through a process that involves mainly modern biogenic VOCs but which is strongly linked to an anthropogenic component that may largely control the mass of SOA formed. Independent of the radiocarbon results, a strong association between SOA and anthropogenic sources has implications for control strategies in urban regions with large biogenic VOC emissions.},
	keywords = {AMBIENT AEROSOL, atmosphere, C-14, emissions, evolution, GASOLINE, OXIDATION, PARTICLES, RATIOS, ZURICH},
	isbn = {2169-897X},
	doi = {10.1029/2007JD008408},
	author = {Weber, R. J. and Sullivan, A. P. and Peltier, R. E. and Russell, A. and Yan, B. and Zheng, M. and de Gouw, J. and Warneke, C. and Brock, C. and Holloway, J. S. and Atlas, E. L. and Edgerton, E.}
}
@conference {1601,
	title = {Cross-shelf lateral transport in the Benguela Upwelling System: Aging of marine organic matter in the benthic boundary layer},
	booktitle = {Ocean Sciences Meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 545},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Honollulu, Hawaii USA},
	author = {Mollenhauer, Gesine and Inthorn, Maik and Zabel, Matthias and Damste, Jaap Sinninghe and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {1958,
	title = {Sediment Cd and Mo accumulation in the oxygen-minimum zone off western Baja California linked to global climate over the past 52 kyr},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2006},
	note = {110idTimes Cited:34
Cited References Count:68
},
	month = {Nov 25},
	abstract = {[ 1] Concentrations of organic carbon (orgC), cadmium (Cd), and molybdenum (Mo) were measured in two sediment cores raised from depths of 430 and 700 m within the oxygen-minimum zone (OMZ) off southern Baja California at a temporal resolution of similar to 0.5 kyr over the past 52 kyr. These records are supplemented with diffuse spectral reflectance (DSR) measurements obtained on board ship soon after collection at a resolution of similar to 0.05 kyr. In the core from 700 m depth, a component extracted from the DSR data and the three geochemical proxies generally vary in concert with each other and over a wide range ( 4 - 22\% orgC; 1 - 40 mg/kg Cd; 5 120 mg/kg Mo). Intervals of increased orgC, Cd, and Mo accumulation generally correspond to warm periods recorded in the oxygen-isotopic composition of Greenland ice, with the exception of the Bolling/Allerod which is only weakly expressed off Baja California. Concentrations of the biogenic proxies are higher in the core from 430 m depth, but erratic sediment accumulation before 15 ka precludes dating of the older intervals that are laminated and contain elevated orgC, Cd, and Mo concentrations. The new data provide further evidence of an intimate teleconnection between global climate and the intensity of the OMZ and/or productivity along the western margin of North America. On the basis of a comparison with Cd and Mo records collected elsewhere in the region, we conclude that productivity may actually have varied off southern Baja California by no more than a factor of 2 over the past 52 kyr.},
	keywords = {continental-margin, enhanced preservation, late pleistocene, marine-sediments, nitrogen isotope, northeast pacific waters, organic-carbon preservation, productivity variations, santa-barbara basin, suboxic sediments},
	isbn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/2005PA001239},
	author = {Dean, W. E. and Zheng, Y. and Ortiz, J. D. and van Geen, A.}
}
@article {493,
	title = {Geochemical and hydrogeological contrasts between shallow and deeper aquifers in two villages of Araihazar, Bangladesh: Implications for deeper aquifers as drinking water sources},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 604; 999UZ Times Cited:59 Cited References Count:49},
	pages = {5203-5218},
	abstract = {Sediment and groundwater profiles were compared in two villages of Bangladesh to understand the geochemical and hydrogeological factors that regulate dissolved As concentrations in groundwater. In both villages, fine-grained sediment layers separate shallow aquifers ( 50 ka ago and a groundwater age of thousands of years. In the other village (Bay), the sediment is},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Gca.2005.06.001},
	author = {Zheng, Y. and van Geen, A. and Stute, M. and Dhar, R. and Mo, Z. and Cheng, Z. and Horneman, A. and Gavrieli, I. and Simpson, H. J. and Versteeg, R. and Steckler, M. and Grazioli-Venier, A. and Goodbred, S. and Shahnewaz, M. and Shamsudduha, M. and Hoque, M. A. and Ahmed, K. M.}
}
@article {914,
	title = {Geochemical characteristics of recent 2 ka mud on the inner shelf of the East China Sea},
	journal = {GEOCHIMICA},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 570},
	month = {11/2005},
	pages = {595-604},
	abstract = {The particle size of DD2 in the northern part of the muddy area along the continental margin of the East China Sea was analyzed. AMS 14 C age test and the main elements, trace elements
The relationship between the content of each element and the particle size was discussed and analyzed. The relationship between them was discussed by R factor analysis. Studies have shown that nearly 2 ka to DD2
The majority of the main elements and trace elements in the pores are stable; the content of most of the elements with the grain size becomes increasing, while the content of Sr and SiO 2
The decreasing tendency of CaO, Na 2 O, Hf, Zr and Ti is poor in particle size. The results of factor analysis show that the chemical composition of DD2 pore can be
It is divided into four kinds of combination types: the main characteristics of the distribution of elements in sediments are reflected, and the samples are not treated by salt beforehand to cause the combination of main elements and trace elements
The Zr, Hf and Nb elements are enriched in the specific particle size components (silt), and the addition of calcareous biological components and the redistribution of elements during early diagenesis
Wait. The results show that Rb, Cu, Ni, V, P, Sc, Fe 2 O 3 , Cr, K 2 O, Nb, Co, Th, Ti and Al 2 O 3 are relatively inactive elements in DD 2 pores,
They can be compared with the modern Yangtze River, the Yellow River sediments, for genetic analysis. The Ti J Zr and Cr J Th ratios indicate that the pore deposits are mainly derived from the granitic
Source area. },
	keywords = {East China Sea continental shelf, factor analysis, geochemical characteristics, particle size},
	author = {Xiao, S. B. and Li, A. C. and Jiang, F. and Xu, F. J. and Zheng, F. and Chen, Z.}
}
@inbook {1468,
	title = {Once spilled, still found: metal contamination in Connecticut wetlands and Long Island Sound sediment from historic industries, Chapter 9},
	booktitle = {Our Changing Coasts},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 724},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {122-147},
	publisher = {E. Elgar},
	organization = {E. Elgar},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C. and Mecray, E. L. and Zierzow, T.},
	editor = {Visiglione, Whitelaw}
}
@article {2032,
	title = {Enhanced marine productivity off western North America during warm climate intervals of the past 52 kyr},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 603},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {521-524},
	author = {Ortiz, J. D. and O{\textquoteright}Connell, S. and DelViscio, J. and Dean, W. E. and Carriquiry, J. and Marchitto, T. M. and Zheng, Y. and van Geen, A.}
}
@article {2061,
	title = {1999 RV Melville Baja California cruise, on the preservation of laminated sediments along the western margin of North America},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1102},
	month = {2003},
	author = {van Geen, A. and Zheng, Y. and Bernhard, J. M. and Cannariato, K. G. and Carriquiry, J. and Dean, E. and Eakins, B. W. and Ortiz, J. D. and Pike, J.}
}
@article {2060,
	title = {On the preservation of laminated sediments along the western margin of North America},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1128},
	month = {2003},
	author = {van Geen, A. and Zheng, Y. and Bernhard, J. M. and Cannariato, K. G. and Carriquiry, J. and Dean, W. E. and Eakins, B. W. and Ortiz, J. D. and Pike, J.}
}
@article {903,
	title = {Challenges in radiocarbon dating organic carbon in opal-rich marine sediments},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2002},
	note = {591keTimes Cited:13Cited References Count:28},
	pages = {123-136},
	abstract = {We explored the reliability of radiocarbon ages obtained on organic carbon phases in opal-rich Southern Ocean sediments. Paired biogenic carbonate and total organic carbon (TOC) C-14 analyses for three Southern Ocean cores showed that the TOC ages were systematically younger than the carbonate ages. Carbonate ages were consistent with oxygen isotopic and bio-stratigraphy, indicating error in TOC ages that could be explained by 5-24\% of modern carbon contamination of TOC samples. Two possible sources of contamination are: 1) adsorption of atmospheric CO2 or volatile organic compounds to reactive opal surface sites, and 2) fixation of atmospheric CO2 by chemosynthetic bacteria during core storage. In an effort to reduce the modem carbon contamination, diatoms were separated from sediments, purified, and pre-oxidized by concentrated nitric and perchloric acids to permit dating of opal-intrinsic organic carbon (similar to0.1-0.3\% by weight). C-14 ages of chemically pre-oxidized opal showed a significant amount of modem carbon contamination, from 11 to 32\%, indicating adsorption from the atmosphere of modem carbon onto opal surfaces that were previously cleaned by acid oxidation. Several experiments designed to eliminate the modern C contamination were attempted, but so far we have not been able to obtain a radiocarbon age on C-14-dead Southern Ocean opal-rich sediments, either bulk TOC or purified diatom opal samples, as old as our procedural blank.},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	url = {https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/view/4084/3509},
	author = {Zheng, Y. and Anderson, R. F. and Froelich, P. N. and Beck, W. and McNichol, A. P. and Guilderson, T.}
}
@article {701,
	title = {Kilimanjaro ice core records: evidence of holocene climate change in tropical Africa},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {298},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Thompson, Lonnie GMosley-Thompson, EllenDavis, Mary EHenderson, Keith ABrecher, Henry HZagorodnov, Victor SMashiotta, Tracy ALin, Ping-NanMikhalenko, Vladimir NHardy, Douglas RBeer, Jurgeng2002/10/19 04:00Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):589-93.},
	month = {Oct 18},
	pages = {589-93},
	abstract = {Six ice cores from Kilimanjaro provide an approximately 11.7-thousand-year record of Holocene climate and environmental variability for eastern equatorial Africa, including three periods of abrupt climate change: approximately 8.3, approximately 5.2, and approximately 4 thousand years ago (ka). The latter is coincident with the "First Dark Age," the period of the greatest historically recorded drought in tropical Africa. Variable deposition of F- and Na+ during the African Humid Period suggests rapidly fluctuating lake levels between approximately 11.7 and 4 ka. Over the 20th century, the areal extent of Kilimanjaro{\textquoteright}s ice fields has decreased approximately 80\%, and if current climatological conditions persist, the remaining ice fields are likely to disappear between 2015 and 2020.},
	issn = {0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1073198},
	author = {Thompson, L. G. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Davis, M. E. and Henderson, K. A. and Brecher, H. H. and Zagorodnov, V. S. and Mashiotta, T. A. and Lin, P. N. and Mikhalenko, V. N. and Hardy, D. R. and Beer, J.}
}
@article {621,
	title = {Radiocarbon dating, chronologic framework, and changes in accumulation rates of Holocene estuarine sediments from Chesapeake Bay},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2002},
	note = {517wpTimes Cited:57Cited References Count:33},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {58-70},
	abstract = {Rapidly accumulating Holocene sediments in estuaries commonly are difficult to sample and date. In Chesapeake Bay, we obtained sediment cores as much as 20 m in length and used numerous radiocarbon ages measured by accelerator mass spectrometry methods to provide the first detailed chronologies of Holocene sediment accumulation in the bay. Carbon in these sediments is a complex mixture of materials from a variety of sources. Analyses of different components of the sediments show that total organic carbon ages are largely unreliable, because much of the carbon (including coal) has been transported to the bay from upstream sources and is older than sediments in which it was deposited. Mollusk shells (clams, oysters) and foraminifera appear to give reliable results, although reworking and burrowing are potential problems. Analyses of museum specimens collected alive before atmospheric nuclear testing suggest that the standard reservoir correction for marine samples is appropriate for middle to lower Chesapeake Bay. The biogenic carbonate radiocarbon ages are compatible with (210)Pb and (137)Cs data and pollen stratigraphy from the same sites.Post-settlement changes in sediment transport and accumulation is an important environmental issue in many estuaries, including the Chesapeake. Our data show that large variations in sediment mass accumulation rates occur among sites. At shallow water sites, local factors seem to control changes in accumulation rates with time. Our two relatively deep-water sites in the axial channel of the bay have different long-term average accumulation rates, but the history of sediment accumulation at these sites appears to reflect overall conditions in the bay. Mass accumulation rates at the two deep-water sites rapidly increased by about fourfold coincident with widespread land clearance for agriculture in the Chesapeake watershed.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1006/qres.2001.2285},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Baucom, P. C. and Bratton, J. F. and Cronin, T. M. and McGeehin, J. P. and Willard, D. and Zimmerman, A. R. and Vogt, P. R.}
}
@article {897,
	title = {Stable isotope composition of Littoridina australis from the coast of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, during Holocene climatic fluctuations},
	journal = {Geobios},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2002},
	note = {563lxTimes Cited:9Cited References Count:27},
	month = {Jan-Feb},
	pages = {79-88},
	abstract = {Stable isotope (carbon and oxygen) analyses were performed on Littoridina australis shells collected from molluscan concentrations within Holocene littoral deposits along the Bonaerensian coastal area of Argentina (south-western Atlantic). Isotope data allow us to define two very different areas: the Samborombon Bay, where isotope composition of shells was mainly governed by mixing between marine and freshwater, and the Mar Chiquita lagoon, where the original brackish environment was dominated by evaporation of water that originated high isotope shell values. In both areas some isotope profiles show short and quite large oscillations in delta(18)O. Their origin may be tentatively explained as due to the changes in moisture regime that control freshwater supply. The results suggest that these deposits can represent natural archives potentially useful for palaeoclimate reconstruction. (C) 2002 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Argentina, Holocene, Littoridina australis, Molluscs, Palaeoenvironments, Stable isotopes},
	issn = {0016-6995},
	doi = {10.1016/S0016-6995(02)00011-6},
	author = {Aguirre, M. L. and Zanchetta, G. and Fallick, A. E.}
}
@article {768,
	title = {Carbon dioxide cycling and implications for climate on ancient Earth},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Planets},
	volume = {106},
	year = {2001},
	note = {395tjTimes Cited:185Cited References Count:101},
	month = {Jan 25},
	pages = {1373-1399},
	abstract = {The crustal Urey cycle of CO2 involving silicate weathering and metamorphism acts as a dynamic climate buffer. In this cycle, warmer temperatures speed silicate weathering and carbonate formation, reducing atmospheric CO2 and thereby inducing global cooling. Over long periods of time, cycling of CO2 into and out of the mantle also dynamically buffers CO2. In the mantle cycle, CO2 is outgassed at ridge axes and island arcs, while subduction of carbonatized oceanic basalt and pelagic sediments returns CO2 to the mantle. Negative feedback is provided because the amount of basalt carbonatization depends on CO2 in seawater and therefore on CO2 in the air. On the early Earth, processes involving tectonics were more vigorous than at present, and the dynamic mantle buffer dominated over the crustal one. The mantle cycle would have maintained atmospheric and oceanic CO2 reservoirs at levels where the climate was cold in the Archean unless another greenhouse gas was important. Reaction of CO2 with impact ejecta and its eventual subduction produce even lower levels of atmospheric CO2 and small crustal carbonate reservoirs in the Hadean. Despite its name, the Hadean climate would have been freezing unless tempered by other greenhouse gases.},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2000je001247},
	author = {Sleep, N. H. and Zahnle, K.}
}
@article {769,
	title = {Hypothesized climate forcing time series for the last 500 years},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {106},
	year = {2001},
	note = {456yeTimes Cited:108Cited References Count:89},
	month = {Jul 27},
	pages = {14783-14803},
	abstract = {A new compilation of annually resolved time series of atmospheric trace gas concentrations, solar irradiance, tropospheric aerosol optical depth, and stratospheric (volcanic) aerosol optical depth is presented for use in climate modeling studies of the period 1500 to 1999 A.D. Atmospheric CO2 CH4, and N2O concentrations over this period are well established on the basis of fossil air trapped in ice cores and instrumental measurements over the last few decades. Estimates of solar irradiance, ranging between 1364.2 and 1368.2 W/m(2), are presented using calibrated historical observations of the Sun back to 1610, along with cosmogenic isotope variations extending back to 1500. Tropospheric aerosol distributions are calculated by scaling the modern distribution of sulfate and carbonaceous aerosol optical depths back to 1860 using reconstructed regional CO2 emissions; prior to 1860 the anthropogenic tropospheric aerosol optical depths are assumed to be zero. Finally, the first continuous, annually dated record of zonally averaged stratospheric (volcanic) optical depths back to 1500 is constructed using sulfate flux data from multiple ice cores from both Greenland and Antarctica, in conjunction with historical and instrumental (satellite and pyrheliometric) observations. The climate forcings generated here are currently being used as input to a suite of transient (time dependent) paleoclimate model simulations of the past 500 years. These forcings are also available for comparison with instrumental and proxy paleoclimate data of the same period.},
	issn = {0747-7309},
	doi = {10.1029/2000jd900469},
	author = {Robertson, A. and Overpeck, J. and Rind, D. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Zielinski, G. and Lean, J. and Koch, D. and Penner, J. and Tegen, I. and Healy, R.}
}
@article {2203,
	title = {Chesapeake Bay sedimentary record of Holocene climatic variability and human ecosystem disturbance},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 184},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {3-6},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2000)​28<3:CVITEU>​2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Cronin, T. and Willard, D. and Karlsen, A. and Ishman, S. and Verardo, S. and McGeehin, J. and Kerhin, R. and Holmes, C. and Colman, S. M. and Zimmerman, A.}
}
@article {542,
	title = {Turbidite Megabeds in an Oceanic Rift Valley Recording Jokulhlaups of Late Pleistocene Glacial Lakes of the Western United States},
	journal = {Journal of Geology},
	volume = {108},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 162; J Geol. 2000 May;108(3):253-274.},
	pages = {253-274},
	abstract = {Escanaba Trough is the southernmost segment of the Gorda Ridge and is filled by sandy turbidites locally exceeding 500 m in thickness. New results from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 1037 and 1038 that include accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dates and revised petrographic evaluation of the sediment provenance, combined with high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, provide a lithostratigraphic framework for the turbidite deposits. Three fining-upward units of sandy turbidites from the upper 365 m at ODP Site 1037 can be correlated with sediment recovered at ODP Site 1038 and Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP) Site 35. Six AMS 14C ages in the upper 317 m of the sequence at Site 1037 indicate that average deposition rates exceeded 10 m/k.yr. between 32 and 11 ka, with nearly instantaneous deposition of one approximately 60-m interval of sand. Petrography of the sand beds is consistent with a Columbia River source for the entire sedimentary sequence in Escanaba Trough. High-resolution acoustic stratigraphy shows that the turbidites in the upper 60 m at Site 1037 provide a characteristic sequence of key reflectors that occurs across the floor of the entire Escanaba Trough. Recent mapping of turbidite systems in the northeast Pacific Ocean suggests that the turbidity currents reached the Escanaba Trough along an 1100-km-long pathway from the Columbia River to the west flank of the Gorda Ridge. The age of the upper fining-upward unit of sandy turbidites appears to correspond to the latest Wisconsinan outburst of glacial Lake Missoula. Many of the outbursts, or jokulhlaups, from the glacial lakes probably continued flowing as hyperpycnally generated turbidity currents on entering the sea at the mouth of the Columbia River.},
	issn = {0022-1376 (Print) 0022-1376 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1086/314404},
	author = {Zuffa, G. G. and Normark, W. R. and Serra, F. and Brunner, C. A.}
}
@article {737,
	title = {Deep-sea sedimentary record of the late Wisconsin cataclysmic floods from the Columbia River},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1999},
	note = {193qfTimes Cited:40Cited References Count:19},
	month = {May},
	pages = {463-466},
	abstract = {New results from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1037 and U.S. Geological Survey high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles confirm the great thickness, fast deposition rate, distant source, and convolute path of turbidites that fill the Escanaba Trough, the rift valley of the southernmost segment of the Gorda Ridge. Accelerator mass spectrometry C-14 measurements provide the first direct dating of the Escanaba Trough turbidites, demonstrating an average deposition rate faster than 10 m/k.y. between 32 and 11 ka and as fast as 15 m/k.y. during the oxygen isotope stage 2 lowstand, In the upper 60 m of sediment, the petrology of turbidite sand beds, which are as much as 12 m thick, show that the dominant source for the turbidites is from the Columbia River, which is more than 800 km to the north, rather than from the much closer rivers of northern California. New high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles show that, except for areas of very recent volcanism, the entire Escanaba Trough below 3200 m water depth is floored by the turbidite sequence that was cored in the upper 60 m at Site 1037B, The ages of the upper 120 m of turbidites correspond with the ages of channeled scabland deposits associated with latest Quaternary jokulhlaups from glacial Lake Missoula, The age and source characteristics suggest that these megaturbidite beds in Escanaba Trough are most likely deposits formed by hyperpycnally generated turbidity currents as the largest of the Lake Missoula floods entered the sea.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0463:Dssrot>2.3.Co;2},
	author = {Brunner, C. A. and Normark, W. R. and Zuffa, G. G. and Serra, F.}
}
@conference {1675,
	title = {Late Wisconsian deep-sea sedimentary record from convulsive geologic events, Northeast Pacific},
	booktitle = {IAS 19 Regional Meeting of Sedimentology},
	volume = {Abstracts},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1471},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {230-233},
	address = {Copenhagen},
	author = {Serra, Francesca and Normark, William R. and Zuffa, Gian Gaspare and Brunner, Charlotte A.}
}
@article {2234,
	title = {Terrace Construction in Northern Chihuahua, Mexico at 1150 B.C. and the Present},
	journal = {Journal of Field Archaeology},
	volume = {26},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 238},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {129-146},
	author = {Hard, R. and Roney, J. and Zapata, J. and Moses, B.}
}
@article {2251,
	title = {A 25,000-year tropical climate history from bolivian ice cores},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {282},
	year = {1998},
	note = {ThompsonDavis
Mosley-Thompson
Sowers
Henderson
Zagorodnov
Lin
Mikhalenko
Campen
Bolzan
Cole-Dai
Francou
eng
1998/12/04 03:02
Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1858-64.
},
	month = {Dec 04},
	pages = {1858-64},
	abstract = {Ice cores that were recovered from the summit of Sajama mountain in Bolivia provide carbon-14-dated tropical records and extend to the Late Glacial Stage (LGS). Oxygen isotopic ratios of the ice decreased 5.4 per mil between the early Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum, which is consistent with values from other ice cores. The abrupt onset and termination of a Younger Dryas-type event suggest atmospheric processes as the probable drivers. Regional accumulation increased during the LGS, during deglaciation, and over the past 3000 years, which is concurrent with higher water levels in regional paleolakes. Unlike polar cores, Sajama glacial ice contains eight times less dust than the Holocene ice, which reflects wetter conditions and extensive snow cover.},
	isbn = {1095-9203 (Electronic)0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.282.5395.1858},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9836630},
	author = {Thompson, L. G. and Davis, M. E. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Sowers, T. A. and Henderson, K. A. and Zagorodnov, V. S. and Lin, P. and Mikhalenko, V. N. and Campen, R. K. and Bolzan, J. F. and Cole-Dai, J. and Francou, B.}
}
@inbook {1467,
	title = {Arid phases in the western Mediterranean region during the last glacial cycle reconstructed from Lacustrine records},
	booktitle = {Paleohydrology and Environmental Change},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1211},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {67-80},
	publisher = {Wiley \& Sons},
	organization = {Wiley \& Sons},
	address = {London},
	author = {Valerol-Garces, B. L. and Zeroual, E. and Kelts, K.},
	editor = {Eenito, G.}
}
@article {2246,
	title = {Challenges in application of radiocarbon dating of organic carbon phases in opal-rich marine sediments from the Southern Ocean},
	journal = {Trans. AGU 79},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 266},
	month = {1998},
	author = {Zheng, Y. and Anderson, R. F. and Froelich, P. N. and Beck, W. and McNichol, A. P. and Guilderson, T.}
}
@article {983,
	title = {Le torbiditi dell{\textquoteright}Escanaba Trough (Juan de Fuca Plate, Pacifico nordorientale): registrazione sedimentaria di piene fluviali catastrofiche del Fiume Columbia durante le fasi di deglaciazione tardo quaternaria},
	journal = {Giornale di Geologia},
	volume = {60},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1470},
	pages = {18-19},
	author = {Brunner, C. A. and Normark, W. R. and Zuffa, G. G. and Serra, F.}
}
@article {2262,
	title = {Microscale AMS 14C measurements at NOSAMS},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1621},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {61-75},
	author = {Pearson, A. and McNichol, A. P. and Schneider, R. J. and von Reden, K. F. and Zheng, Y.}
}
@article {2261,
	title = {Microscale AMS 14C measurements at NOSAMS: (Proceedings of the 16th International Radiocarbon Conference, 1997)},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1814},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {61-75},
	author = {Pearson, A. and McNichol, A. P. and Schneider, R. J. and von Reden, K. F. and Zheng, Y.}
}
@conference {1692,
	title = {Microscale AMS (super <sup>14</sup>) C measurement at NOSAMS},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 2237; Source type: conferencepapers\&proceedings; Object type: Article; Object type: Conference Paper; Copyright: GeoRef, Copyright 2007, American Geological Institute.; CSAUnique: 1999-044438; AccNum: 1999-044438; ISSN: 0033-8222; CODEN: RACAAT},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {61-75},
	publisher = {University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences, Tucson, AZ, United States (USA)},
	organization = {University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences, Tucson, AZ, United States (USA)},
	address = {United States (USA)},
	abstract = {Techniques for making precise and accurate radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements on samples containing less than a few hundred micrograms of carbon are being developed at the NOSAMS facility. A detailed examination of all aspects of the sample preparation and data analysis process shows encouraging results. Small quantities of CO (sub 2) are reduced to graphite over cobalt catalyst at an optimal temperature of 605 degrees C. Measured (super 14) C/ (super 12) C ratios of the resulting targets are affected by machine-induced isotopic fractionation, which appears directly related to the decrease in ion current generated by the smaller sample sizes. It is possible to compensate effectively for this fractionation by measuring samples relative to small standards of identical size. Examination of the various potential sources of background (super 14) C contamination indicates that the sample combustion process is the largest contributor, adding ca. 1 mu g of carbon with a less-than-modern (super 14) C concentration.},
	keywords = {03, absolute age, accelerator mass spectroscopy, accuracy, C-14, C-14/C-12, carbon, Carbon dioxide, combustion, data processing, Geochronology, graphite, isotope fractionation, isotopes, mass spectroscopy, mathematical methods, methods, native elements, radioactive isotopes, sample preparation, size, spectroscopy, Stable isotopes},
	doi = {10.1017/S0033822200017902},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10150/653650},
	author = {Pearson, Ann and McNichol, Ann P. and Schneider, Robert J. and von Reden, Karl F. and Zheng, Yan}
}
@article {939,
	title = {Productivity-induced sulphur enrichment of hydrocarbon-rich sediments from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation},
	journal = {Chem Geol},
	volume = {134},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Lallier-Verges, EHayes, J MBoussafir, MZaback, D ATribovillard, N PConnan, JBertrand, PengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tNetherlands1997/01/01 00:00Chem Geol. 1997;134:277-88.},
	pages = {277-88},
	abstract = {This work aims to highlight the relationship between primary productivity, sulphate reduction and organic carbon preservation in cyclic marine sediments from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation. A concomitant increase of the total sulphur content with the preserved organic content (TOC), shows the progressive supply of both metabolisable organic matter and resistant organic matter is linked to primary productivity. However, variations in sulphate reduction efficiency, based on elemental abundance and isotopic composition of sulphur, reveal that the proportion of metabolisable vs. resistant organic matter has varied along the cycles. This is interpreted in terms of the variation in organic delivery. Organic sulphur content is found to be proportional to the organic matter content, whereas concentrations of pyritic sulphur are constant at very high (> 10\% TOC) values. This result is explained by a limitation of available iron for pyritisation at times of very high organic flux. Under such conditions, HS- in excess could be responsible for the early formation of organo-sulphur compounds and thus for the preservation of highly aliphatic (i.e. lipid-rich) organic matter.},
	issn = {0009-2541 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00093-9},
	author = {Lallier-Verges, E. and Hayes, J. M. and Boussafir, M. and Zaback, D. A. and Tribovillard, N. P. and Connan, J. and Bertrand, P.}
}
@article {840,
	title = {A comparison of methods for the measurement of dissolved organic carbon in natural waters},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {54},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Vj296Times Cited:50Cited References Count:49},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {85-96},
	abstract = {A small suite of natural samples spanning a wide range of DOC concentrations and salinities were analyzed by three high-temperature combustion (HTC) techniques and persulfate oxidation, One of the HTC techniques, sealed-tube combustion (STC), served as a referee method, Using this method, it was possible to obtain absolute DOC concentrations for the natural samples free of any analytical blank offset, Prior to the comparison of samples, an exchange of carbon-free water and calibration standards showed that all methods were equally well calibrated, Linear correlation analysis was used to differentiate whether the differences observed between methods was due to variable oxidation yields or to an artifact of the instrument blank, Agreement among the various methods was quite good, but yields for all methods decreased compared to the STC technique at concentrations of > 400 mu M C. Persulfate results were found to be very similar to HTC results. Finally, carbon-free distilled water prepared by UV/H2O2 oxidation or Milli-Q systems had near-zero DOC concentrations and was adequate for blank correction of all the various techniques yielding DOC concentrations in excellent agreement with the referee method.},
	issn = {0304-4203},
	doi = {10.1016/0304-4203(96)00023-0},
	author = {Peltzer, E. T. and Fry, B. and Doering, P. H. and McKenna, J. H. and Norrman, B. and Zweifel, U. L.}
}
@article {2434,
	title = {Concentrations of carbonyl compounds and the carbon isotopy of formaldehyde at a coastal site in Nova Scotia during the NARE summer intensive},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: AtmospheresJ. Geophys. Res.},
	volume = {101},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {28961 - 28970},
	keywords = {0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions, 0345 Pollution: urban and regional, 0365 Troposphere: composition and chemistry, 0394 Instruments and techniques},
	isbn = {2156-2202},
	doi = {10.1029/95JD03574},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95JD03574},
	author = {Tanner, Roger L. and Zielinska, Barbara and Uberna, Ewa and Harshfield, Gregory and McNichol, Ann P.}
}
@article {786,
	title = {Concentrations of carbonyl compounds and the carbon isotopy of formaldehyde at a coastal site in Nova Scotia during the NARE summer intensive},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres},
	volume = {101},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Vz788Times Cited:38Cited References Count:42},
	month = {Dec 20},
	pages = {28961-28970},
	abstract = {The concentrations of gaseous atmospheric carbonyl compounds have been measured at a coastal site on the southern tip of Nova Scotia during August 1993 as part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration{\textquoteright}s North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE) summer intensive. The DNPH-cartridge technique was used for sampling, with analysis by HPLC with UV absorbance detection. The carbon isotopic content of formaldehyde was measured using a novel collection technique on bisulfite-coated fillers followed by accelerator mass spectrometric determination of C-14 content and C-13/C-12 isotopic ratios. Results from this study indicate that quantifiable levels above about 100 parts per trillion by volume were found at the Chebogue Point, Nova Scotia, site for several carbonyls, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, propionaldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone, and benzaldehyde, for most 6-hour sampling periods. Six-hour averaged formaldehyde levels of <0.5 to about 3.5 parts per billion were found during periods of local influence and during influence of continental air masses crossing eastern Canada and northeastern US. In contrast, background levels of formaldehyde of 200-400 pptv were found under conditions of predominantly marine back trajectories. Large fractions of contemporary carbon (of the order of 80\%) were found in collected formaldehyde samples for all transport regimes and formaldehyde concentrations, suggesting that biogenic sources of hydrocarbon precursors to formaldehyde predominated during the summer season.},
	issn = {2169-897x},
	doi = {10.1029/95jd03574},
	author = {Tanner, R. L. and Zielinska, B. and Uberna, E. and Harshfield, G. and McNichol, A. P.}
}
