@article {244,
	title = {Late-twentieth-century warming in Lake Tanganyika unprecedented since AD 500},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 2043; PT: J; UT: WOS:000278134100019},
	pages = {422-425},
	abstract = {Instrumental observations suggest that Lake Tanganyika, the largest rift lake in East Africa, has become warmer, increasingly stratified and less productive over the past 90 years (refs 1,2). These trends have been attributed to anthropogenic climate change. However, it remains unclear whether the decrease in productivity is linked to the temperature rise(3,4), and whether the twentieth-century trends are anomalous within the context of longer-term variability. Here, we use the TEX(86) temperature proxy, the weight per cent of biogenic silica and charcoal abundance from Lake Tanganyika sediment cores to reconstruct lake-surface temperature, productivity and regional wildfire frequency, respectively, for the past 1,500 years. We detect a negative correlation between lake-surface temperature and primary productivity, and our estimates of fire frequency, and hence humidity, preclude decreased nutrient input through runoff as a cause for observed periods of low productivity. We suggest that, throughout the past 1,500 years, rising lake-surface temperatures increased the stratification of the lake water column, preventing nutrient recharge from below and limiting primary productivity. Our records indicate that changes in the temperature of Lake Tanganyika in the past few decades exceed previous natural variability. We conclude that these unprecedented temperatures and a corresponding decrease in productivity can be attributed to anthropogenic global warming, with potentially important implications for the Lake Tanganyika fishery.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/NGEO865},
	author = {Tierney, Jessica E. and Mayes, Marc T. and Meyer, Natacha and Johnson, Christopher and Swarzenski, Peter W. and Cohen, Andrew S. and Russell, James M.}
}
@article {335,
	title = {Northern hemisphere controls on tropical southeast African climate during the past 60,000 years},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {322},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2047; PT: J; UT: WOS:000259902300046},
	pages = {252-255},
	abstract = {The processes that control climate in the tropics are poorly understood. We applied compound-specific hydrogen isotopes (delta D) and the TEX(86) (tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms) temperature proxy to sediment cores from Lake Tanganyika to independently reconstruct precipitation and temperature variations during the past 60,000 years. Tanganyika temperatures follow Northern Hemisphere insolation and indicate that warming in tropical southeast Africa during the last glacial termination began to increase similar to 3000 years before atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. delta D data show that this region experienced abrupt changes in hydrology coeval with orbital and millennial-scale events recorded in Northern Hemisphere monsoonal climate records. This implies that precipitation in tropical southeast Africa is more strongly controlled by changes in Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures and the winter Indian monsoon than by migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1160485},
	author = {Tierney, Jessica E. and Russell, James M. and Huang, Yongsong and Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe and Hopmans, Ellen C. and Cohen, Andrew S.}
}
