@article {509,
	title = {Oceanographic and climatologic controls on the compositions and fluxes of biogenic materials in the water column and sediments of the Cariaco Basin over the Late Holocene},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1871; 430SK Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:69Y},
	pages = {614-640},
	abstract = {Materials collected by sediment traps over a 3-y period and sedimentary horizons from a gravity core covering the last 6000y were used to investigate the effects of climate-related processes such as wind-driven upwelling and regional rainfall on the production, export and burial of particulate organic matter in the Cariaco Basin. A variety of chemical analyses, including organic carbon and nitrogen, biogenic opal, calcite, lithogenic contents, stable carbon isotopic ratios of organic matter and the yields of CuO reaction products derived from distinct biochemicals such as amino acids, fatty acids and lignins, were carried out for this purpose. Principal component analyses were used to investigate the trends in this multivariate data set. These analyses reveal marked temporal differences in the composition of the materials sinking through the water column, which were related to distinct oceanographic and climatic forcings. For example, autorchthonous fluxes, characterized by elevated contents of organic carbon and opal as well as high yields of amino acid and fatty acid reaction products, displayed peaks during periods of intense wind-driven upwelling. In contrast, allochthonous materials, characterized by elevated lithogenic contents and elevated yields of lignin-derived products, were more important during periods of high rainfall, low wind and enhanced stratification. In addition to the strong seasonal contrasts, there was significant temporal variability at both shorter (monthly) and longer (inter-annual) time scales. Hence, other factors, such as zooplankton grazing and El Nino effects on local climatology, may also be important. Examination of the gravity core record yielded several significant trends. For example, there was a marked increase in sediment accumulation rates from 5000 to ca. 700 y before present with concomitant increases in the concentrations of organic carbon, opal and most biomarkers. These results suggest that the Cariaco Basin experienced a marked increase in primary productivity and particle flux to the underlying sediments since the Holocene Thermal Maximum. Also within the sedimentary record, we observed distinct variations in the relative contributions of autochthonous and allochthonous organic matter. The frequency of these variations is roughly 1500y and appears to match ice-rafted debris records from the North Atlantic. Such coincidence indicates cold periods within the Holocene, which are related to minima in insolation, may have led to the southern migration of the inter-tropical convergence zone and the enhancement of wind-driven upwelling, primary productivity and autochthonous organic matter flux to the seabed in the Cariaco Basin. Alternatively, during warm periods, the opposite climatic conditions would have increased both the thermal stratification of the water column and average rainfall in the Cariaco Basin, leading to elevated inputs of allochthonous materials. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2008.11.010},
	author = {Go{\~n}i, M. A. and Aceves, H. and Benitez-Nelson, B. and Tappa, E. and Thunell, R. and Black, D. E. and Muller-Karger, F. and Astor, Y. and Varela, R.}
}
@article {269,
	title = {Export of young terrigenous dissolved organic carbon from rivers to the Arctic Ocean},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 646; 806KJ Times Cited:60 Cited References Count:34},
	abstract = {Soils in the drainage basins of Arctic rivers are a major global reservoir of aged organic carbon. The fate of this old carbon is of growing concern as the effects of climate change become more evident in the Arctic. We report natural abundance C-14 data indicating that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from several Eurasian and North American rivers is predominantly young and largely derived from recently-fixed C in plant litter and upper soil horizons. Concentrations of dissolved lignin phenols, unique organic tracers of terrestrial plant material, and C-14 content in DOC were strongly correlated throughout the Arctic Ocean, indicating terrigenous DOC is mostly young and widely distributed in polar surface waters. These young ages of terrigenous DOC in rivers and the ocean indicate little of the old carbon stored in Arctic soils is currently being mobilized in the dissolved component of continental runoff.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2003gl019251},
	author = {Benner, R. and Benitez-Nelson, B. and Kaiser, K. and Amon, R. M. W.}
}
