@article {283,
	title = {Late Holocene Hydrologic and Vegetation Changes at Turneffe Atoll, Belize, Compared with Records from Mainland Central America and Mexico},
	journal = {Palaios},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1835; 506UH Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:34Y},
	pages = {650-656},
	abstract = {We present pollen and stable isotope (delta C-13, delta O-18, delta N-15) data from a similar to 4 in core (TNF-1) of primarily mangrove peat taken from Turneffe Atoll, Belize. Radiocarbon (accelerator mass spectrometry) dates show that the record represents ca. 5000 years of sediment accumulation. Vegetation composition varied between dominant mangroves (primarily Rhizophora mangle) and Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae, most likely Salicornia bigelovii. The pollen data, along with inferences from stable isotope analyses of bulk peat and fossil leaf fragments, indicate that marked environmental changes occurred at this location over the past ca. 5000 years. There was a transition between ca. 4100 and 2900 cal yr BP, from vegetation dominated by relatively tall mangroves (R. mangle) to one dominated by Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae and then Myrica, most likely wax myrtle (M. cerifera). These changes bracket a period centered at ca. 3500 calibrated years before present, where there is a peak in the delta O-18 of mangrove leaf fragments. This timing corresponds with other paleoenvironmental records of climate drying in Central America and increases the geographic and habitat scope (i.e., mangrove habitat) of records documenting these changes. Interpretations of shifts in mangrove habitat, however, require consideration of additional environmental influences, including changes in groundwater hydrology and relative inputs of seawater and freshwater (i.e., precipitation) during the Holocene.},
	issn = {0883-1351},
	doi = {10.2110/palo.2009.p09-036r},
	author = {Wooller, M. J. and Behling, H. and Guerrero, J. L. and Jantz, N. and Zweigert, M. E.}
}
@article {448,
	title = {Mangrove ecosystem changes during the Holocene at Spanish Lookout Cay, Belize},
	journal = {Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology},
	volume = {280},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1834; 496QP Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:50Y},
	pages = {37-46},
	abstract = {Mangroves are halophytic plants living at the land-sea interface and are therefore natural trackers of sea-level. Multiple proxies of a continuous (8 m) mangrove peat core (BT-79) from Spanish Lookout Cay, Belize illustrate mangrove ecosystem changes during the Holocene. Radiocarbon measurements show this site was colonized by mangroves similar to 8000 cal. yrs BP, with a significant decrease in the peat accumulation rate from similar to 6000 to 1000 cal. yrs BR Stratigraphic characteristics of this peat core such as bulk density, magnetic susceptibility, and loss on ignition show relative uniformity, inferring an uninterrupted mangrove ecosystem during a majority of the Holocene. This is supported by pollen data from BT-79 that show that the site has been consistently dominated by Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove), with Avicennia germinans (black mangrove) and Laguncularia racemosa (white mangrove) present as well. Subfossil R. mangle leaves are used for stable nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen isotope (delta N-15, delta C-13, and delta O-18) analyses. delta N-15 and delta C-13 values provide a proxy of this plant{\textquoteright}s past physiology and stand structure showing that dwarf (delta N-15},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.05.013},
	author = {Monacci, N. M. and Meier-Grunhagen, U. and Finney, B. P. and Behling, H. and Wooller, M. J.}
}
@article {916,
	title = {Mangrove ecocystem dynamics and elemental cycling at Twin Cays, Belize, during the Holocene},
	journal = {Journal of Quaternary Science},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1149},
	pages = {703-711},
	abstract = {Existing at the transition between the terrestrial environment and hydrosphere, mangroves are sensitive to environmental change (e.g. sea-level rise). We present pollen and stable isotope data from a core (TCC1) of continuous (10 m) mangrove peat from Twin Cays, \~{}12 km off of the coast of Belize, Central America. Radiocarbon dates on fragments of mangrove leaves preserved in TCC1 show that the core provides an 8600 14C year record of mangrove ecosystem changes. Variation in the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope composition (δ13C = \~{}-30 to -25{\textperthousand}; δ15N = \~{}-6 to 2{\textperthousand}) of mangrove leaves imply that the stand structure and nutrient status of the mangroves at the site have changed during the Holocene. Pollen data from the same core show that the floral composition of the site has changed at points during the Holocene, most notably a brief (\~{}240 years) switch at \~{}3860 14C yr BP to dominance by a species of Myrsine (not currently present at the site). Our results are consistent with significant environmental changes (either marked disturbance from hurricanes or fluctuations in sea-level) through the Holocene.},
	keywords = {Holocene, isotopes;pollen, mangroves, Palaeoecology},
	doi = {10.1002/jqs.877},
	author = {Wooller, M. J. and Behling, H. and Smallwood, B. J. and Fogel, M.}
}
