@article {2460,
	title = {Seasonal variability of organic matter composition in an Alaskan glacier outflow: insights into glacier carbon sources},
	journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-05-2014},
	pages = {055005},
	abstract = {Glacier ecosystems are a significant source of bioavailable, yet ancient dissolved organic carbon
(DOC). Characterizing DOC in Mendenhall Glacier out flow (southeast Alaska) we document a
seasonal persistence to the radiocarbon-depleted signature of DOC, highlighting ancient DOC as
a ubiquitous feature of glacier out flow. We observed no systematic depletion in Δ14C-DOC with
increasing discharge during the melt season that would suggest mobilization of an aged subglacial carbon store. However, DOC concentration, δ13C-DOC,Δ14C-DOC and fluorescence signatures appear to have been in fluenced by runoff from vegetated hillslopes above the glacier during onset and senescence of melt. In the peak glacier melt period, the Δ 14 C-DOC of stream samples at the out flow (-181.7 to-355.3{\textperthousand}) was comparable to the Δ 14 C-DOC for snow samples from the accumulation zone (-207.2 to-390.9{\textperthousand}), suggesting that ancient DOC from the glacier surface is exported in glacier runoff. The pre-aged DOC in glacier snow and runoff is consistent with contributions from fossil fuel combustion sources similar to those documented previously in ice cores and thus provides evidence for anthropogenic perturbation of the carbon cycle. Overall, our results emphasize the need to further characterize DOC inputs to glacier ecosystems, particularly in light of predicted changes in glacier mass and runoff in the coming century.},
	keywords = {alaska, dissolved organic carbon, glacier, organic matter, radiocarbon},
	doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/055005},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/055005/meta},
	author = {Spencer, Robert G M and Vermilyea, Andrew and Fellman, Jason and Raymond, Peter and Stubbins, Aron and Scott, Durelle and Hood, Eran}
}
@article {289,
	title = {Millennial-aged organic carbon subsidies to a modern river food web},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 2032; PT: J; UT: WOS:000280153500022},
	pages = {2385-2393},
	abstract = {Recent studies indicate that highly aged material is a major component of organic matter transported by most rivers. However, few studies have used natural (14)C to trace the potential entry of this aged material into modern river food webs. Here we use natural abundance (14)C, (13)C, and deuterium ((2)H) to trace the contribution of aged and contemporary organic matter to an important group of consumers, crustacean zooplankton, in a large temperate river (the Hudson River, New York, USA). Zooplankton were highly (14)C depleted (mean Delta(14)C = -240 parts per thousand) compared to modern primary production in the river or its watershed (Delta(14)C = -60 parts per thousand to +50 parts per thousand). In order to account for the observed (14)C depletion, zooplankton must be subsidized by highly aged particulate organic carbon. IsoSource modeling suggests that the range of the aged dietary subsidy is between similar to 57\%, if the aged organic matter source was produced 3400 years ago, and similar to 21\%, if the organic carbon used is >= 50 000 years in age, including fossil material that is millions of years in age. The magnitude of this aged carbon subsidy to river zooplankton suggests that modern river food webs may in some cases be buffered from the limitations set by present-day primary production.},
	issn = {0012-9658},
	doi = {10.1890/09-0330.1},
	author = {Caraco, Nina and Bauer, James E. and Cole, Jonathan J. and Petsch, Steven and Raymond, Peter}
}
