@article {1834,
	title = {Mineral carbonation in peridotite and basalt for CO2 capture and storage},
	journal = {Annual Reviews of Earth \& Planetary Sciences},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 845not submitted
},
	month = {2010},
	author = {Kelemen, P. B. and Matter, J. M. and Streit, L.}
}
@article {362,
	title = {Permanent storage of carbon dioxide in geological reservoirs by mineral carbonation},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 844; 525TO Times Cited:10 Cited References Count:49Y},
	pages = {837-841},
	abstract = {Anthropogenic greenhouse-gas emissions continue to increase rapidly despite efforts aimed at curbing the release of such gases. One potentially long-term solution for offsetting these emissions is the capture and storage of carbon dioxide. In principle, fluid or gaseous carbon dioxide can be injected into the Earth{\textquoteright}s crust and locked up as carbonate minerals through chemical reactions with calcium and magnesium ions supplied by silicate minerals. This process can lead to near-permanent and secure sequestration, but its feasibility depends on the ease and vigour of the reactions. Laboratory studies as well as natural analogues indicate that the rate of carbonate mineral formation is much higher in host rocks that are rich in magnesium-and calcium-bearing minerals. Such rocks include, for example, basalts and magnesium-rich mantle rocks that have been emplaced on the continents. Carbonate mineral precipitation could quickly clog up existing voids, presenting a challenge to this approach. However, field and laboratory observations suggest that the stress induced by rapid precipitation may lead to fracturing and subsequent increase in pore space. Future work should rigorously test the feasibility of this approach by addressing reaction kinetics, the evolution of permeability and field-scale injection methods.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/Ngeo683},
	author = {Matter, J. M. and Kelemen, P. B.}
}
@article {356,
	title = {In situ carbonation of peridotite for CO2 storage},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 779; 373OP Times Cited:12 Cited References Count:37Y},
	pages = {17295-17300},
	abstract = {The rate of natural carbonation of tectonically exposed mantle peridotite during weathering and low-temperature alteration can be enhanced to develop a significant sink for atmospheric CO2. Natural carbonation of peridotite in the Samail ophiolite, an uplifted slice of oceanic crust and upper mantle in the Sultanate of Oman, is surprisingly rapid. Carbonate veins in mantle peridotite in Oman have an average C-14 age of approximate to 26,000 years, and are not 30-95 million years old as previously believed. These data and reconnaissance mapping show that approximate to 10(4) to 10(5) tons per year of atmospheric CO2 are converted to solid carbonate minerals via peridotite weathering in Oman. Peridotite carbonation can be accelerated via drilling, hydraulic fracture, input of purified CO2 at elevated pressure, and, in particular, increased temperature at depth. After an initial heating step, CO2 pumped at 25 or 30 degrees C can be heated by exothermic carbonation reactions that sustain high temperature and rapid reaction rates at depth with little expenditure of energy. In situ carbonation of peridotite could consume > 1 billion tons of CO2 per year in Oman alone, affording a low-cost, safe, and permanent method to capture and store atmospheric CO2.},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0805794105},
	author = {Kelemen, P. B. and Matter, J.}
}
@article {2564,
	title = {In situ carbonation of peridotite for CO2 storage},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Nov-11-2008},
	pages = {17295 - 17300},
	abstract = {The rate of natural carbonation of tectonically exposed mantle peridotite during weathering and low-temperature alteration can be enhanced to develop a significant sink for atmospheric CO2. Natural carbonation of peridotite in the Samail ophiolite, an uplifted slice of oceanic crust and upper mantle in the Sultanate of Oman, is surprisingly rapid. Carbonate veins in mantle peridotite in Oman have an average 14C age of ≈26,000 years, and are not 30{\textendash}95 million years old as previously believed. These data and reconnaissance mapping show that ≈104 to 105 tons per year of atmospheric CO2 are converted to solid carbonate minerals via peridotite weathering in Oman. Peridotite carbonation can be accelerated via drilling, hydraulic fracture, input of purified CO2 at elevated pressure, and, in particular, increased temperature at depth. After an initial heating step, CO2 pumped at 25 or 30 {\textdegree}C can be heated by exothermic carbonation reactions that sustain high temperature and rapid reaction rates at depth with little expenditure of energy. In situ carbonation of peridotite could consume >1 billion tons of CO2 per year in Oman alone, affording a low-cost, safe, and permanent method to capture and store atmospheric CO2. },
	keywords = {alteration and weathering, carbon capture, carbon sequestration, exothermic, MINERAL},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0805794105},
	url = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0805794105},
	author = {Kelemen, P. B. and Matter, J.}
}
