@article {364,
	title = {Southward movement of the Pacific intertropical convergence zone AD 1400-1850},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 847; 497LS Times Cited:5 Cited References Count:45Y},
	pages = {519-525},
	abstract = {Tropical rainfall patterns control the subsistence lifestyle of more than one billion people. Seasonal changes in these rainfall patterns are associated with changes in the position of the intertropical convergence zone, which is characterized by deep convection causing heavy rainfall near 10 degrees N in boreal summer and 3 degrees N in boreal winter. Dynamic controls on the position of the intertropical convergence zone are debated, but palaeoclimatic evidence from continental Asia, Africa and the Americas suggests that it has shifted substantially during the past millennium, reaching its southernmost position some time during the Little Ice Age (AD 1400-1850). However, without records from the meteorological core of the intertropical convergence zone in the Pacific Ocean, quantitative constraints on its position are lacking. Here we report microbiological, molecular and hydrogen isotopic evidence from lake sediments in the Northern Line Islands, Galapagos and Palau indicating that the Pacific intertropical convergence zone was south of its modern position for most of the past millennium, by as much as 500 km during the Little Ice Age. A colder Northern Hemisphere at that time, possibly resulting from lower solar irradiance, may have driven the intertropical convergence zone south. We conclude that small changes in Earth{\textquoteright}s radiation budget may profoundly affect tropical rainfall.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/Ngeo554},
	author = {Sachs, J. P. and Sachse, D. and Smittenberg, R. H. and Zhang, Z. H. and Battisti, D. S. and Golubic, S.}
}
@article {1918,
	title = {Ongoing build-up of refractory organic carbon in boreal soils during the Holocene},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {314},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1146},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {1283-1286},
	author = {Smittenberg, R. H. and Eglinton, T. I. and Schouten, S. and Sinninghe-Damste, J. S.}
}
@article {1968,
	title = {The demise of the alga Botryococcus Braunii from a Norwegian fjord is due to early eutrophication},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1148},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {133-140},
	author = {Smittenberg, R. H. and Baas, M. and Schouten, S. and Sinninghe-Damste, J. S.}
}
@article {574,
	title = {Pre- and post-industrial environmental changes as revealed by the biogeochemical sedimentary record of Drammensfjord, Norway},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {214},
	year = {2005},
	note = {890unTimes Cited:23Cited References Count:105},
	month = {Jan 30},
	pages = {177-200},
	abstract = {The biogeochemical sedimentary record of the anoxic Drammensfjord, Norway, was investigated on a decadal to centennial time scale over the last millennium, in order to reconstruct the pre-industrial fjord environment and ecosystem and human-induced environmental changes. The sediments were dated by a combination of C-14 and Pb-210 analysis and varve counting. Analysis of the bulk sedimentary parameters and of the biomarker distribution revealed that the sedimentary organic matter of the fjord is primarily of terrigetious origin, indicating that the fjord was oligotrophic or mesotrophic. The fjord{\textquoteright}s bottom water has been continuously euxinic since at least 1000 AD, but photic zone euxinia occurred only irregularly in the fjord. The organic matter flux and composition remained virtually invariable until the 18th century. After that time, the flux of material derived from coniferous trees started to increase, indicated by elevated concentrations of dehydroabietic acid and related compounds, but also by raising levels of C-24 n-alcohols and fatty acids. This marked the onset of sawmill activities in the hinterland. After the beginning of the industrial revolution, around 1850, the flux of organic waste from sawmills and paper mills increased substantially. It is suggested that slow bacterial degradation of this relatively nutrient-poor organic waste caused a gradual eutrophication trend, which is reflected in substantial increased bacterial and moderately increased other aquatic biomarker accumulation rates. After the industrial revolution, this trend accelerated and was possibly enhanced by a growing population of the area with accompanymg agricultural and domestic waste. This promoted primary productivity and changed the phytoplankton composition in the fjord.(C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2004.10.029},
	author = {Smittenberg, R. H. and Baas, M. and Green, M. J. and Hopmans, E. C. and Schouten, S. and Damste, J. S. S.}
}
@article {2020,
	title = {Compound-specific radiocarbon dating of the varved Holocene sedimentary record of Saanich Inlet, Canada},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2004},
	note = {819piTimes Cited:18
Cited References Count:69
},
	month = {May 1},
	abstract = {[1] The radiocarbon contents of various biomarkers extracted from the varve-counted sediments of Saanich Inlet, Canada, were determined to assess their applicability for dating purposes. Calibrated ages obtained from the marine planktonic archaeal biomarker crenarchaeol compared favorably with varve-count ages. The same conclusion could be drawn for a more general archaeal biomarker (GDGT-0), although this biomarker proved to be less reliable due to its less-specific origin. The results also lend support to earlier indications that marine crenarchaeota use dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) as their carbon source. The average reservoir age offset DeltaR of 430 years, determined using the crenarchaeol radiocarbon ages, varied by +/-110 years. This may be caused by natural variations in ocean-atmosphere mixing or upwelling at the NE Pacific coast but variability may also be due to an inconsistency in the marine calibration curve when used at sites with high reservoir ages.},
	keywords = {british-columbia, compound-specific radiocarbon dating, crenarchaeol, ionization mass-spectrometry, marine-sediments, mediterranean sea, membrane-lipids, ne pacific, odp leg 169s, organic-matter, pacific-ocean, rapid isolation, Reservoir age, reservoir ages, saanich inlet},
	isbn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/2003PA000927},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000221326700001},
	author = {Smittenberg, R. H. and Hopmans, E. C. and Schouten, S. and Hayes, J. M. and Eglinton, T. I. and Damste, J. S. S.}
}
@article {2093,
	title = {Rapid isolation of biomarkers for compound specific radiocarbon dating using high-performance liquid chromatography and flow injection analysis - atmoospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry},
	journal = {Journal of Chromatography A},
	volume = {978},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 669},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {127-140},
	author = {Smittenberg, R. H. and Hopmans, E. C. and Schouten, S. and Sinninghe-Damste, J. S.}
}
@conference {1822,
	title = {Validation of compound-specific 14C dating using the varved sedimentary record of Saanich Inlet, Canada},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th international meeting on organic geochemistry},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 270},
	month = {2001},
	address = {Nancy, France},
	author = {Smittenberg, R. H. and Hopmans, E. C. and Eglinton, T. I. and Hayes, J. M. and Whiticar, M. J. and Schouten, S. and Sinninghe Damst{\'e}, J. S.}
}
