@article {397,
	title = {Chronology of sediment deposition in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 182},
	pages = {139-149},
	abstract = {A combination of tephrochronology and 14C, 210Pb, and 137Cs measurements provides a robust chronology for sedimentation in Upper Klamath Lake during the last 45 000 years. Mixing of surficial sediments and possible mobility of the radio-isotopes limit the usefulness of the 137Cs and 210Pb data, but 210Pb profiles provide reasonable average sediment accumulation rates for the last 100{\textendash}150 years. Radiocarbon ages near the top of the core are somewhat erratic and are too old, probably as a result of detrital organic carbon, which may have become a more common component in recent times as surrounding marshes were drained. Below the tops of the cores, radiocarbon ages in the center of the basin appear to be about 400 years too old, while those on the margin appear to be accurate, based on comparisons with tephra layers of known age.Taken together, the data can be combined into reasonable age models for each site. Sediments have accumulated at site K1, near the center of the basin, about 2 times faster than at site CM2, on the margin of the lake. The rates are about 0.10 and 0.05 cm/yr, respectively. The chronological data also indicate that accumulation rates were slower during the early to middle Holocene than during the late Holocene, consistent with increasing wetness in the late Holocene.},
	doi = {10.1023/B:JOPL.0000019234.05899.ea},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Bradbury, J. P. and McGeehin, J. P. and Holmes, C. W. and Sarna-Wojcicki, A. M. and Edgington, D.}
}
@article {734,
	title = {Anthropogenically induced changes in sediment and biogenic silica fluxes in Chesapeake Bay},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2003},
	note = {632uhTimes Cited:47Cited References Count:35},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {71-74},
	abstract = {Sediment cores as long as 20 m, dated by C-14, Pb-210, and Cs-137 methods and pollen stratigraphy, provide a history of diatom productivity and sediment-accumulation rates in Chesapeake Bay. We calculated the flux of biogenic silica and total sediment for the past 1500 yr for two high-sedimentation-rate sites in the mesohaline section of the bay. The data show that biogenic silica flux to sediments, an index of diatom productivity in the bay, as well as its variability, were relatively low before European settlement of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. In the succeeding 300400 yr, the flux of biogenic silica has increased by a factor of 4 to 5. Biogenic silica fluxes still appear to be increasing, despite recent nutrient-reduction efforts. The increase in diatom-produced biogenic silica has been partly masked (in concentration terms) by a similar increase in total sediment flux. This history suggests the magnitude of anthropogenic disturbance of the estuary and indicates that significant changes had occurred long before the twentieth century.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0071:Aicisa>2.0.Co;2},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Bratton, J. F.}
}
@article {621,
	title = {Radiocarbon dating, chronologic framework, and changes in accumulation rates of Holocene estuarine sediments from Chesapeake Bay},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2002},
	note = {517wpTimes Cited:57Cited References Count:33},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {58-70},
	abstract = {Rapidly accumulating Holocene sediments in estuaries commonly are difficult to sample and date. In Chesapeake Bay, we obtained sediment cores as much as 20 m in length and used numerous radiocarbon ages measured by accelerator mass spectrometry methods to provide the first detailed chronologies of Holocene sediment accumulation in the bay. Carbon in these sediments is a complex mixture of materials from a variety of sources. Analyses of different components of the sediments show that total organic carbon ages are largely unreliable, because much of the carbon (including coal) has been transported to the bay from upstream sources and is older than sediments in which it was deposited. Mollusk shells (clams, oysters) and foraminifera appear to give reliable results, although reworking and burrowing are potential problems. Analyses of museum specimens collected alive before atmospheric nuclear testing suggest that the standard reservoir correction for marine samples is appropriate for middle to lower Chesapeake Bay. The biogenic carbonate radiocarbon ages are compatible with (210)Pb and (137)Cs data and pollen stratigraphy from the same sites.Post-settlement changes in sediment transport and accumulation is an important environmental issue in many estuaries, including the Chesapeake. Our data show that large variations in sediment mass accumulation rates occur among sites. At shallow water sites, local factors seem to control changes in accumulation rates with time. Our two relatively deep-water sites in the axial channel of the bay have different long-term average accumulation rates, but the history of sediment accumulation at these sites appears to reflect overall conditions in the bay. Mass accumulation rates at the two deep-water sites rapidly increased by about fourfold coincident with widespread land clearance for agriculture in the Chesapeake watershed.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1006/qres.2001.2285},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Baucom, P. C. and Bratton, J. F. and Cronin, T. M. and McGeehin, J. P. and Willard, D. and Zimmerman, A. R. and Vogt, P. R.}
}
@article {2203,
	title = {Chesapeake Bay sedimentary record of Holocene climatic variability and human ecosystem disturbance},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 184},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {3-6},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2000)​28<3:CVITEU>​2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Cronin, T. and Willard, D. and Karlsen, A. and Ishman, S. and Verardo, S. and McGeehin, J. and Kerhin, R. and Holmes, C. and Colman, S. M. and Zimmerman, A.}
}
@article {2204,
	title = {Holocene and recent rates of sediment accumulation in southern Lake Michigan},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 183},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {1563-1580},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and King, J. W. and Jones, G. A. and Reynolds, R. L. and Bothner, M. H.}
}
@inbook {1393,
	title = {Radiocarbon dating of Marion-Dufresne cores MD99-2204, 2207, and 2209, Chesapeake Bay},
	booktitle = {Initial Report on IMAGES V Cruise of the Marion-Dufresne to the Chesapeake Bay June 20-22, 1999},
	volume = {Open-File Report 00-306},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1414},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {72-77},
	publisher = {U. S. Geological Survey},
	organization = {U. S. Geological Survey},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Bratton, J. F. and Baucom, P. C.},
	editor = {Cronin, T. M.}
}
@article {2243,
	title = {Biogenic silica records from the BDP-93 drill site and adjacent areas of the Selenga Delta, Lake Baikal, Siberia},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {21},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 186},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {9-17},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Peck, J. A. and Hatton, J. and Karabanov, E. B. and King, J. W.}
}
@article {2242,
	title = {Interdisciplinary environmental project probes Chesapeake Bay down to the core},
	journal = {EOS},
	volume = {Transactions of the American Geophysical Union},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 185},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {237-241},
	author = {Cronin, T. and Colman, S. M. and Willard, D. and Kerhin, R. and Holmes, C. and Karlsen, A. and Ishman, S. and Bratton, J.}
}
@article {2272,
	title = {Water-level changes in Lake Baikal, Siberia: Tectonics versus climate},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {26},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 187},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {535-538},
	author = {Colman, S. M.}
}
@article {812,
	title = {Lignin phenols in sediments of Lake Baikal, Siberia: application to paleoenvironmental studies},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Yq252Times Cited:29Cited References Count:61},
	month = {Sep-Oct},
	pages = {153-172},
	abstract = {Sediments from three cores obtained from distinct depositional environments in Lake Baikal, Siberia were analyzed for organic carbon, total nitrogen and lignin phenol concentration and composition. Results were used to examine changes in paleoenvironmental conditions during climatic cycles of the late Quaternary (<125 ka). Average organic carbon, and total nitrogen concentrations, atomic C/N ratios and organic carbon accumulation rates were significantly higher in the Holocene compared with the late Pleistocene, reflecting overall warmer temperatures and increased runoff during the Holocene. A Holocene maximum in organic carbon was observed at about 6 ka, and may represent the warmest/wettest period of the Holocene. At one site (Academician Ridge) pronounced late Pleistocene maxima in organic carbon and biogenic silica were observed at about 80-85 ka, probably indicative of an interstadial period with enhanced aquatic productivity. Total sedimentary lignin phenol contents were generally lower in the late Pleistocene compared to the Holocene, but with several peaks in concentration during the late Pleistocene. These late Pleistocene peaks in total sedimentary lignin content (dated at about 80, 50 and 30 ka) directly precede or occur during peaks in sedimentary biogenic silica contents. These periods likely represent relatively warm interstadial times, with increased precipitation producing the observed increase in terrestrial runoff and aquatic productivity. Lignin phenol ratios (S/V, C/V and P/V) were used to examine changes in terrestrial vegetation type resulting from changes in paleoenvironmental conditions during the late Pleistocene. A degree of caution must be used in the interpretation of these ratios with regard to vegetation sources and paleoenvironmental conditions, because of potential compositional changes in lignin resulting from biodegradation. Nevertheless, results show that long glacial periods were characterized by terrestrial vegetation composed of a mix of non-woody angiosperm vegetation and minor gymnosperm forest. Shorter interstadial periods are defined by a change to dominant gymnosperm forest and were observed at about 80, 75, 63, 50 and 30 ka, ranging from about 2-6 kyr in duration. These interstadial periods of the late Pleistocene defined by lignin phenol ratios generally occur during longer periods of enhanced sedimentary biogenic silica content (about 10-15 ka in duration), providing corroborative evidence of these warm interstadial periods. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/S0146-6380(97)00079-X},
	author = {Orem, W. H. and Colman, S. M. and Lerch, H. E.}
}
@article {2302,
	title = {Paleoclimatic implications of silicieous microfossil succession in late Quaternary sediments in Lake Baikal, Siberia},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {18},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 1354},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {187-204},
	author = {Julius, M. L. and Stoermer, E. F. and Colman, S. M. and Moore, T. C.}
}
@article {780,
	title = {An 84-kyr paleomagnetic record from the sediments of Lake Baikal, Siberia},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth},
	volume = {101},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Ul090Times Cited:76Cited References Count:48},
	month = {May 10},
	pages = {11365-11385},
	abstract = {We have conducted a paleomagnetic study of sediment cores obtained from the Selenga prodelta region of Lake Baikal, Russia. This record, which spans approximately the last 84 kyr, contributes to a better understanding of the nature of geomagnetic field behavior in Siberia and is a useful correlation and dating tool. We demonstrate that the Lake Baikal sediments are recording variations in the geomagnetic field. The directional record displays secular variation behavior with a geomagnetic excursion at 20 ka and additional excursions appearing as large-amplitude secular variation at 41, 61, and 67 ka. Smoothing of the geomagnetic excursion behavior occurs in Lake Baikal sediments owing to the intermediate sedimentation rate (13 cm kyr(-1)). The Lake Baikal relative paleointensity record correlates to absolute paleointensity data for the last 10 kyr and to relative paleointensity records from the Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean for the last 84 kyr. This correlation suggests a strong global (i.e., dipole) component to these records and further supports the reliability of sediments as recorders of relative geomagnetic paleointensity. We show that a relative geomagnetic intensity stratigraphy has a potential resolution of 7 kyr by correlating continental and marine records. The geomagnetic intensity stratigraphy helps constrain the age of the difficult to date Lake Baikal sediments.},
	issn = {2169-9313},
	doi = {10.1029/96jb00328},
	author = {Peck, J. A. and King, J. W. and Colman, S. M. and Kravchinsky, V. A.}
}
@article {841,
	title = {AMS radiocarbon analyses from Lake Baikal, Siberia: Challenges of dating sediments from a large, oligotrophic lake},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {15},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Vp609Times Cited:112Cited References Count:29},
	pages = {669-684},
	abstract = {A suite of 146 new accelerator-mass spectrometer (AMS) radiocarbon ages provides the first reliable chronology for late Quaternary sediments in Lake Baikal. In this large, highly oligotrophic lake, biogenic and authigenic carbonate are absent, and plant macrofossils are extremely rare. Total organic carbon is therefore the primary material available for dating. Several problems are associated with the TOC ages. One is the mixture of carbon sources in TOC, not all of which are syndepositional in age. This problem manifests itself in apparent ages for the sediment surface that are greater than zero. However, because most of the organic carbon in Lake Baikal sediments is algal (autochthonous) in origin, this effect is limited to about 1000+/-500 years, which can be corrected, at least for young deposits. The other major problem with dating Lake Baikal sediments is the very low carbon contents of glacial-age deposits, which makes them extremely susceptible to contamination with modern carbon. This problem can be minimized by careful sampling and handling procedures.The ages show almost an order of magnitude difference in sediment-accumulation rates among different sedimentary environments in Lake Baikal, from about 0.04 mm/year on isolated banks such as Academician Ridge, to nearly 0.3 mm/year in the turbidite depositional areas beneath the deep basin floors, such as the Central Basin. The new AMS ages clearly indicate that the dramatic increase in diatom productivity in the lake, as evidenced by increases in biogenic silica and organic carbon, began about 13 ka, in contrast to previous estimates of 7 ka for the age of this transition. Holocene net sedimentation rates may be less than, equal to, or greater than those in the late Pleistocene, depending on the site. This variability reflects the balance between variable terrigenous sedimentation and increased biogenic sedimentation during interglaciations. The ages reported here, and the temporal and spatial variation in sedimentation rates that they imply, provide opportunities for paleoenvironmental reconstructions at different time scales and resolutions. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/0277-3791(96)00027-3},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Jones, G. A. and Rubin, M. and King, J. W. and Peck, J. A. and Orem, W. H.}
}
@article {861,
	title = {Uranium-series disequilibrium, sedimentation, diatom frustules, and paleoclimate change in Lake Baikal},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {142},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Uz230Times Cited:61Cited References Count:29},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {29-42},
	abstract = {The large volume of water, approximately one-fifth of the total surface fresh water on the planet, contained in Lake Baikal in southeastern Siberia is distinguished by having a relatively high concentration of uranium (ca. 2 nM), and, together with the surface sediments, an unusually high U-234/U-238 alpha activity ratio of 1.95. About 80\% of the input of 234 uranium to the lake, with a U-234/U-238 ratio of 2.0, comes from the Selenga River, Profiles of uranium, as well as the extent of isotopic disequilibrium in a 9 m sediment core collected on Academic Ridge, generally show high values during interglacial periods corresponding to high diatom frustule numbers (DiFr) and biogenic silica (BSi) data that have been reported elsewhere. During glacial periods (low DiFr and BSi), uranium progeny (U-234 and Th-230) were in secular equilibrium with low concentrations of their parent U-238. Radionuclide distributions were interpreted in terms of a quantitative model allowing for adsorption of riverine inputs of uranium onto two classes of sedimenting particles with differing U-238/Th-232 ratios and uranium progeny in secular equilibrium. If the U-234/U-238 activity ratio of adsorbed uranium has remained constant, mean sedimentation rates can be independently estimated as 3.6 +/- 0.6 and 3.7 +/- 0.9 cm . kyr(-1) for the decay of U-234 and in-growth of Th-230, respectively. These rates are consistent with a mean rate of 3.76 cm . kyr(-1), calculated by optimization of the correspondence between adsorbed U-238 and delta(18)O in dated oceanic sediments, The adsorbed uranium apparently tracks variable river flow during interglacials and is drastically reduced during periods of glaciation. Evidently, uranium has not been significantly redistributed within Baikal sediments over at least the past 250 kyr and is a unique, biologically non-essential, tracer for climate-sensitive processes, which provide their own internal geochronometers, potentially useful for ages up to 1 Myr BP.},
	issn = {0012-821x},
	doi = {10.1016/0012-821x(96)00085-4},
	author = {Edgington, D. N. and Robbins, J. A. and Colman, S. M. and Orlandini, K. A. and Gustin, M. P.}
}
@article {2352,
	title = {Continental climate response to orbital forcing from biogenic silica records in Lake Baikal, Siberia},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {378},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 1357},
	month = {1995},
	pages = {769-771},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Peck, J. A. and B, Karabanov E. and Carter, S. J. and Bradbury, J. P. and King, J. W. and Williams, D. F.}
}
@article {867,
	title = {Radiocarbon Ages of Pre-Bomb Clams and the Hard-Water Effect in Lakes Michigan and Huron},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {14},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Rq668Times Cited:22Cited References Count:13},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {89-91},
	abstract = {Five radiocarbon ages, all determined by accelerator mass spectrometry, have been obtained for two pre-bomb bivalves from Lake Michigan and one from Lake Huron. After correcting those ages for the fractionation of C-14 in calcite and for the radioactively inert CO2 in the atmosphere, we find residual ages, caused by the hard water effect, of about 250 years for Lake Michigan and 440 years for Lake Huron.},
	issn = {0921-2728},
	doi = {10.1007/Bf00682596},
	author = {Rea, D. K. and Colman, S. M.}
}
@article {2387,
	title = {Biogenic Silica in Lake Baikal Sediments - Results from 1990-1992 American Cores},
	journal = {Journal of Great Lakes Research},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Px453Times Cited:46
Cited References Count:20
},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {751-760},
	abstract = {The Lake Baikal Paleoclimate Project is a joint Russian-American program established to study the paleoclimate of Central Asia. During three summer field seasons, duplicate Russian and American coves were taken at a number of sites in different sedimentary environments in the lake. Eight cores returned to the U.S. were quantitatively analyzed for biogenic silica using a single-step 5-hour alkaline leach, followed by dissolved silicon analysis by inductively-coupled-plasma atomic-emission spectroscopy. Sediments of Holocene age in these cores have biogenic silica maxima that range from about 15 to 80 percent. An underlying zone in each core with low biogenic-silica concentrations (0 to 5 percent) dates from the last glacial maximum. The transition from the last glaciation to the present interglaciation, recorded by biogenic silica, began about 13,000 years ago. Biogenic silica profiles from these cores appear to be a good measure of past diatom productivity and a useful basis for paleoclimatic interpretations.},
	keywords = {accumulation, Holocene, Lake Baikal, marine-sediments, opal, Paleoclimate, sediments, silica},
	isbn = {0380-1330},
	author = {Carter, S. J. and Colman, S. M.}
}
@article {843,
	title = {Deglaciation, Lake Levels, and Meltwater Discharge in the Lake-Michigan Basin},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {13},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Qq080Times Cited:30Cited References Count:48},
	pages = {879-890},
	abstract = {The deglacial history of the Lake Michigan basin, including discharge and routing of meltwater, is complex because of the interaction among (1) glacial retreats and re-advances in the basin (2) the timing of occupation and the isostatic adjustment of lake outlets and (3) the depositional and erosional processes that left evidence of past lake levels. In the southern part of the basin, a restricted area little affected by differential isostasy, new studies of onshore and offshore areas allow refinement of a lake-level history that has evolved over 100 years. Important new data include the recognition of two periods of influx of meltwater from Lake Agassiz into the basin and details of the highstands gleaned from sedimentological evidence. Major disagreements still persist concerning the exact timing and lake-level changes associated with the Algonquin phase, approximately 11,000 BP. A wide variety of independent data suggests that the Lake Michigan Lobe was thin, unstable, and subject to rapid advances and retreats. Consequently, lake-level changes were commonly abrupt and stable shorelines were short-lived. The long-held beliefs that the southern part of the basin was stable and separated from deformed northern areas by a hinge-line discontinuity are becoming difficult to maintain. Numerical modeling of the ice-earth system and empirical modeling of shoreline deformation are both consistent with observed shoreline tilting in the north and with the amount and pattern of modern deformation shown by lake-level gauges. New studies of subaerial lacustrine features suggest the presence of deformed shorelines higher than those originally ascribed to the supposed horizontal Glenwood level. Finally, the Lake Michigan region as a whole appears to behave in a similar manner to other areas, both local (other Great Lakes) and regional (U.S. east coast), that have experienced major isostatic changes. Detailed sedimentological and dating studies of field sites and additional development of geophysical models offer hope for reconciling the field data with our understanding of earth theology.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/0277-3791(94)90007-8},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Clark, J. A. and Clayton, L. and Hansel, A. K. and Larsen, C. E.}
}
@article {2383,
	title = {Lake-Level History of Lake-Michigan for the Past 12,000 Years - the Record from Deep Lacustrine Sediments},
	journal = {Journal of Great Lakes Research},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Nl348Times Cited:47
Cited References Count:29
},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {73-92},
	abstract = {Collection and analysis of an extensive set of seismic-reflection profiles and cores from southern Lake Michigan have provided new data that document the history of the lake basin for the past 12,000 years. Analyses of the seismic data, together with radiocarbon dating, magnetic, sedimentologic, isotopic, and paleontologic studies of core samples, have allowed us to reconstruct lake-level changes during this recent part of the lake{\textquoteright}s history.The post-glacial history of lake-level changes in the Lake Michigan basin begins about 11.2 ka with the fall from the high Calumet level, caused by the retreat of the Two Rivers glacier, which had blocked the northern outlet of the lake. This lake-level fall was temporarily reversed by a major influx of water from glacial Lake Agassiz (about 10.6 ka), during which deposition of the distinctive gray Wilmette Bed of the Lake Michigan Formation interrupted deposition of red glaciolacustrine sediment. Lake level then continued to fall, culminating in the opening of the North Bay outlet at about 10.3 ka. During the resulting Chippewa low phase, lake level was about 80 m lower than it is today in the southern basin of Lake Michigan.
The rise of the early Holocene lake level, controlled primarily by isostatic rebound of the North Bay outlet, resulted in a prominent, planar, transgressive unconformity that eroded most of the shoreline features below present lake level. Superimposed on this overall rise in lake level, a second influx of water from Lake Agassiz temporarily raised lake levels an unknown amount about 9.1 ka. At about 7 ka, lake level may have fallen below the level of the outlet because of sharply drier climate. Sometime between 6 and 5 ka, the character of the lake changed dramatically, probably due mostly to climatic causes, becoming highly undersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate and returning primary control of lake level to the isostatically rising North Bay outlet. Post-Nipissing (about 5 ka) lake level has fallen about 6 m due to erosion of the Port Huron outlet, a trend around which occurred relatively small (+/- approximately 2 m), short-term fluctuations controlled mainly by climatic changes. These cyclic fluctuations are reflected in the sedimentological and sediment-magnetic properties of the sediments.
},
	keywords = {lake michigan, ostracodes, radiocarbon, sedimentology, sediments, southern},
	isbn = {0380-1330},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Forester, R. M. and Reynolds, R. L. and Sweetkind, D. S. and King, J. W. and Gangemi, P. and Jones, G. A. and Keigwin, L. D. and Foster, D. S.}
}
@article {2379,
	title = {The limnological and climate history of Lake Michigan from ostracode, stable-isotope, and magnetic susceptibility records},
	journal = {Journal of Great Lakes Research},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 1358},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {93-107},
	author = {Forester, R. M. and Colman, S. M. and Reynolds, R. L. and Jones, G. A. and Keigwin, L. D. and Foster, D. S.}
}
@article {2365,
	title = {A rock-magnetic record from Lake Baikal, Siberia: Evidence for Late Quaternary climate change},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {1222},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 15},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {221-238},
	author = {Peck, J. A. and King, J. W. and Colman, S. M. and Kravchinsky, V. A.}
}
@article {2382,
	title = {A Sediment Budget for Southern Lake-Michigan - Source and Sink Models for Different Time Intervals},
	journal = {Journal of Great Lakes Research},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Nl348Times Cited:17
Cited References Count:29
},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {215-228},
	abstract = {We have constructed a sediment budget for the southern Lake Michigan basin for sand and for mud during three time periods: the past 100, 5,000, and 10,000 years. For the modern (100-year) sediment budget, accountable sediment sources add up to 93 percent of the calculated sinks. The mud budget has a source deficit of about 40\%, probably due to errors in mu\&sand ratios and (or) to other sources not included in our model, especially erosion of the lake floor, which accompanies bluff recession. Two terms dominate the modem sediment-budget equation: (1) bluff erosion, which is an order of magnitude larger than either rivers or aerosols as a source, and (2) deposition in the deep basin, which is more than two orders of magnitude greater as a sink than suspended sediment transport out of the basin. About half of the sand derived from bluff erosion is deposited in the deep lake; the other half must be deposited in nearshore sand bodies, beaches, and dunes. Despite the uncertainties in our estimates of sediment sources and sinks, the attempt to reconstruct sediment budgets for time intervals of 100, 5,000, and 10,000 years leads to important insights about erosion and sedimentation processes. Bluff erosion is the dominant source of both sand and mud in the basin. The deep lake floor is the primary sink for mud, whereas both the deep lake and nearshore areas are important sinks for sand. On a long-term basis, rates of bluff erosion have progressively decreased and are apparently independent of anthropogenic effects. Rates of sediment accumulation in the lake basin mirror the decrease in rates of bluff erosion for prehistoric time, but have increased markedly since human settlement, probably because of anthropogenic effects on river and aerosolic inputs.},
	keywords = {deposition, erosion, Holocene, lake michigan, sediment budget, sediments},
	isbn = {0380-1330},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Foster, D. S.}
}
@article {996,
	title = {A synthesis of post-glacial diatom records from Lake Baikal},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 16},
	pages = {213-252},
	abstract = {The biostratigraphy of fossil diatoms contributes important chronologic, paleolimnologic, and paleoclimatic information from Lake Baikal in southeastern Siberia. Diatoms are the dominant and best preserved microfossils in the sediments, and distinctive assemblages and species provide inter-core correlations throughout the basin at millennial to centennial scales, in both high and low sedimentation-rate environments. Distributions of unique species, once dated by radiocarbon, allow diatoms to be used as dating tools for the Holocene history of the lake.

Diatom, pollen, and organic geochemical records from site 305, at the foot of the Selenga Delta, provide a history of paleolimnologic and paleoclimatic changes from the late glacial (15 ka) through the Holocene. Before 14 ka diatoms were very rare, probably because excessive turbidity from glacial meltwater entering the lake impeded productivity. Between 14 and 12 ka, lake productivity increased, perhaps as strong winds promoted deep mixing and nutrient regeneration. Pollen evidence suggests a cold shrub {\textemdash} steppe landscape dominated the central Baikal depression at this time. As summer insolation increased, conifers replaced steppe taxa, but diatom productivity declined between 11 and 9 ka perhaps as a result of increased summer turbidity resulting from violent storm runoff entering the lake via short, steep drainages. After 8 ka, drier, but more continental climates prevailed, and the modern diatom flora of Lake Baikal came to prominence.

On Academician Ridge, a site of slow sedimentation rates, Holocene diatom assemblages at the top of 10-m cores reappear at deeper levels suggesting that such cores record at least two previous interglacial (or interstadial?) periods. Nevertheless, distinctive species that developed prior to the last glacial period indicate that the dynamics of nutrient cycling in Baikal and the responsible regional climatic environments were not entirely analogous to Holocene conditions. During glacial periods, the deep basin sediments of Lake Baikal are dominated by rapidly deposited clastics entering from large rivers with possibly glaciated headwaters. On the sublacustrine Academician Ridge (depth = 300 m), however, detailed analysis of the diatom biostratigraphy indicates that diastems (hiatuses of minor duration) and (or) highly variable rates of accumulation complicate paleolimnologic and paleoclimatic reconstructions from these records.},
	keywords = {Climate change, diatoms, Holocene, Lake Baikal, paleolimnology, palynology},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00684034},
	author = {Bradbury, J. Platt and Bezrukova, Ye V. and Chernyaeva, G. P. and Colman, S. M. and Khursevich, G. and King, J. W. and Likoshway, Y. V.}
}
@article {2381,
	title = {Two episodes of meltwater influx from glacial Lake Agassiz into the Lake Michigan basin: Contrasts in climatic and oceanographic effects},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {22},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 189},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {547-550},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Keigwin, L. D. and Forester, R. M.}
}
@article {2389,
	title = {Radiocarbon ages from two submerged strandline features in the western Gulf of Maine and a sea-level curve for the northeastern Massachusetts coastal region},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1993},
	note = {id: 10},
	month = {1993},
	pages = {38-45},
	author = {Oldale, R. N. and Colman, S. M. and Jones, G. A.}
}
@article {2395,
	title = {Radiocarbon dating of Lake Baikal sediments--A progress report},
	journal = {Russian Geology and Geophysics},
	volume = {34},
	year = {1993},
	note = {id: 191},
	month = {1993},
	pages = {55-63},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Kuptsov, V. M. and Jones, G. A. and Carter, S. J.}
}
@article {2405,
	title = {Initial Dating and Paleoenvironmental Results From Lake Baikal, Southeastern Siberia},
	journal = {Abstracts With Programs of the American Quaternary Association},
	volume = {xx},
	year = {1992},
	note = {id: 905},
	month = {1992},
	pages = {66},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Karabanov, E. B. and Williams, D. F. and Hearn, P. P., Jr. and King, J. W. and Orem, W. H. and Bradbury, J. P. and Shanks, W. C., III and Jones, G. A. and Carter, S. J.}
}
