@article {534,
	title = {The last interglacial to glacial transition, Togiak Bay, Southwestern Alaska},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1392},
	pages = {190-202},
	abstract = {An 18-m-high coastal bluff at Togiak Bay (northwestern Bristol Bay, southwestern Alaska) exposes marine, lacustrine, fluvial, glacial, volcanic, and organic deposits that record the \~{}50,000-year-long transition from the peak of the last interglaciation to the early Wisconsin glaciation. The base of the section is dominated by stratified sand and silt extending up to 4.3 m above sea level; marine diatoms are present, and pollen assemblages are characterized by relatively high percentages of Picea, Alnus, and Betula and low percentages of Poaceae and Cyperaceae. The marine sediment was probably deposited during the peak of marine oxygen-isotope stage (OIS) 5e. An infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) age of 151,000{\textpm}13,000 yr from near the base of the exposure is permissive of this correlation. The marine sand and silt are overlain by 0.8 m of peaty silt with diatoms that record a transition from marine to lacustrine conditions. During this interval, Poaceae and Cyperaceae dominate the pollen assemblages, and Picea and shrubs are nearly absent, suggesting that herb tundra occupied the landscape. This interval probably encompasses OIS 5d on the basis of the herb tundra and an IRSL age of 119,000{\textpm}10,000 yr from 60 cm below the marine/lacustrine transition. The organic mud is overlain by 3.1 m of stratified sand and organic silt that apparently record shallowing of the lake; reappearance of spruce and shrubs (=OIS 5c?); and subsequent deepening of the lake (=OIS 5b?); followed by aggradation of a floodplain (=OIS 5a?), which was dry at the time basaltic lava buried the site. Thermoluminescence analyses on lava-baked sediment indicate that the eruption occurred 70,000{\textpm}10,000 yr ago. Sometime thereafter, but prior to 53,600 14C yr B.P. an outlet of the Ahklun Mountains ice cap advanced over the site and deposited \~{}7 m of bouldery ice-contact drift. The sedimentary sequence contains at least four tephra beds. Major- and trace-element chemistry provide a basis for correlating two of the tephras with tephra beds at nearby sites. The tephras, luminescence ages, and correlations with marine isotope stages provide the geochronological control to place the Togiak Bay section into a global context. The site serves as an important new reference section for late Pleistocene paleoenvironmental change in eastern Beringia.},
	doi = {10.1006/qres.2001.2214},
	author = {Kaufman, D. S. and Manley, W. F. and Wolfe, A. P. and Hu, F. S. and Preece, S. J. and Westgate, J. A. and Forman, S. L.}
}
@article {407,
	title = {Pre-late Wisconsin glacial history, coastal Ahklun Mountains, southwestern Alaska-New amino acid, thermoluminescence, and 40Ar/30Ar results},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1203},
	pages = {337-352},
	abstract = {New stratigraphic and geochronologic data from the Togiak Bay area of southwestern Alaska indicate that glaciers advanced from the southern Ahklun Mountains at least three and as many as six times prior to the late Wisconsin. The oldest glaciations are represented by glacial{\textendash}marine sediment in coastal exposures on Hagemeister Island. The extent of amino acid (isoleucine) epimerization in fossil molluscs indicates that at least one, and possibly four, older middle Pleistocene glacial intervals are represented, with age estimates spanning \~{}500{\textendash}280 ka and averaging \~{}400{\textpm}100 ka. The youngest glacial-marine drift on Hagemeister Island may correlate with the eruption of the Togiak tuya. A new 40Ar/39Ar age on basalt that overlies pillow lava indicates that the volcano erupted through glacial ice at least 300 m thick 263{\textpm}22 ka. The youngest drift in the region overlies the Old Crow tephra (140{\textpm}10 ka) and a 70{\textpm}10 ka basaltic lava flow dated by thermoluminescence analysis of underlying baked sediment. The drift delimits flat piedmont lobes that spread out onto the continental shelf and terminated >100 km from their source areas during the early Wisconsin (sensu lato). The glacial-geologic evidence suggests that major expansions of glaciers were out of phase with global ice volume.},
	doi = {10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00112-8},
	author = {Kaufman, D. S. and Manley, W. F. and Forman, S. L. and Layer, P.}
}
@article {1032,
	title = {Holocene lake sediment records of Arctic hydrology},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 375},
	pages = {1-13},
	abstract = {Although paleoclimatic research in the Arctic has most often focused on variations in temperature, the Arctic has also experienced changes in hydrologic balance. Changes in Arctic precipitation and evaporation rates affects soils, permafrost, lakes, wetlands, rivers, ice and vegetation. Changes in Arctic soils, permafrost, runoff, and vegetation can influence global climate by changing atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide concentrations, thermohaline circulation, and high latitude albedo. Documenting past variations in Arctic hydrological conditions is important for understanding Arctic climate and the potential response and role of the Arctic in regards to future climate change. Methods for reconstructing past changes in Arctic hydrology from the stratigraphic, isotopic, geochemical and fossil records of lake sediments are being developed, refined and applied in a number of regions. These records suggest that hydrological variations in the Arctic have been regionally asynchronous, reflecting the impacts of different forcing factors including orbitally controlled insolation changes, changes in geography related to coastal emergence, ocean currents, sea ice extent, and atmospheric circulation. Despite considerable progress, much work remains to be done on the development of paleohydrological proxies and their application to the Arctic.},
	keywords = {Arctic, Climate change, Holocene, paleohydrology, paleolimnology},
	doi = { 10.1023/A:1008100714795},
	author = {MacDonald, G. M. and Felzer, B. and Finney, B. P. and Forman, S. L.}
}
@article {2171,
	title = {Postglacial climate and vegetation history, north-central Kola Peninsula, Russia: pollen and diatom records from Lake Yarnyshnoe-3},
	journal = {Boreas},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2000},
	note = {378dxTimes Cited:28
Cited References Count:82
},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {261-271},
	abstract = {A sediment core from Lake Yamyshnoe-3 (69 degrees 04{\textquoteright}N; 36 degrees 04{\textquoteright}E), an emerged coastal lake from the tundra of the north-central Kola Peninsula, has been analyzed for fossil pollen and diatoms. The pollen record shows the Younger Dryas event marked by increasing Artemisia coupled with decreases in Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Salix at c. 10 700 to 10 000 BP. This core provides the first well-defined palynological record of the Younger Dryas event on the Kola Peninsula. Stomates from Pinus were recovered from the core interval between 8000 and 6000 BP. The stomates, coupled with elevated values of pine pollen, indicate that Pinus sylvestris grew near the arctic coastline of the central Kola Peninsula in the middle Holocene. However, the small number of stomates suggests that pines were not plentiful. The diatom record from the core reflects basin isolation from the sea and indicates additional limnological changes during the climate transition between c. 5000 and 4000 BP. The broadly similar climate and vegetation history on the north-central Kola Peninsula and in Fennoscandia demonstrates the propagation of late glacial and Holocene climate events from the North Atlantic region into the Eurasian Arctic.},
	keywords = {atlantic, finnish lapland, Holocene, late pleistocene, norway, sea, sediments, varanger-peninsula, western part, younger-dryas},
	isbn = {0300-9483},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1502-3885.2000.tb01209.x},
	author = {Snyder, J. A. and MacDonald, G. M. and Forman, S. L. and Tarasov, G. A. and Mode, W. N.}
}
@article {2239,
	title = {Late Quaternary stratigraphy of Marresale, Yamal Peninsula, Russia: new constraints on the footprint of the Eurasian ice sheet},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 370},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {807-810},
	author = {Forman, S. L. and Ingolfsson, O. and Manley, W. F. and Lokrantz, H.}
}
@article {2284,
	title = {Postglacial relative sea level history from sediment and diatom rcords of emerged coastal lakes, north-central Kola Peninsula, Russia},
	journal = {Boreas},
	volume = {26},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 379},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {329-346},
	author = {Snyder, J. A. and Forman, S. L. and Mode, W. N. and Tarasov, G. A.}
}
