@article {410,
	title = {A Budget of Carbonate and Terrigenous Sediments, Hanalei Bay, Kauai, Hawaiian Islands},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 105},
	abstract = {The sediment budget of Hanalei Bay on the north shore of Kauai was calculated using sedimentological and geophysical methods. The calculations of the budget subsequently allowed an interpretation of the Holocene history of the bay. The bay sediments are easily separated into marine (carbonate) and terrigenous (siliciclastic) grains. Surficial sediments are dominated by carbonate grains (\~{}70\%) of coralline algae, coral, and mollusc fragments as well as foraminifera, Halimeda, bryozoa, and echinoderm tests. However, siliciclastic grains (e.g. olivine, plagioclase, volcanic lithics) from the Hanalei River watershed draining shield volcanic highlands are the most common individual grain type (\~{}27\%) and form a zone of high concentration from the mouth of the Hanalei River into the center of the bay. Flooding in the bay by the post-glacial sea-level rise began soon after 11.7 kyears. The resulting marine environment caused the net deposition of 45.5{\textpm}1.5{\texttimes}106 m3 of sediment in the bay and approximately 33.7{\textpm}11.2{\texttimes}106 m3 of sediment on the Hanalei coastal plain. The total volume of carbonate sediment stored in the bay and coastal plain is greater than the volume likely to have been produced exclusively within the bay during the same time. Calculations indicate that approximately 2490 m3 year-1 have been imported into the bay or coastal plain and deposited since 11,700 years ago. The majority of this sediment influx is likely delivered from the east by the strong tradewind-driven littoral currents that characterize Kauai{\textquoteright}s north shore. Net carbonate sediment deposition in Hanalei Bay peaked at a rate of 15,500 m3 year-1 between 5000 and 3000 years ago (when sea level may have been 2 m above present) diminishing to 3890 m3 year-1 from 1000 years ago to the present. This influx is likely to have played a significant role in the mid to late Holocene progradation of the Hanalei shoreline.},
	doi = {10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00268-8},
	author = {Calhoun, R. S. and Fletcher, C. H. and Harney, J. N.}
}
@article {864,
	title = {Age and composition of carbonate shoreface sediments, Kailua Bay, Oahu, Hawaii},
	journal = {Coral Reefs},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2000},
	note = {341wmTimes Cited:32Cited References Count:43},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {141-154},
	abstract = {The origin, age, and dynamics of carbonate sediments in Kailua Bay on Oahu, Hawaii, are described. The shoreface (from shoreline to 4 km offshore) consists of a broad (5 km(2)) fringing coral reef ecosystem bisected by a sinuous, shore-normal, sand-filled paleostream channel 200-300 m wide. The median grain diameter of surface sands is finest on the beach face (<0.3 mm) and increases offshore along the channel axis. Kailua sands are >90\% biogenic carbonate, dominated by skeletal fragments of coralline algae (e.g. Porolithon, up to 50\%) followed by the calcareous green alga Halimeda (up to 32\%), coral fragments (1-24\%), mollusc fragments (6-21\%), and benthic foraminifera (1-10\%). Sand composition and age across the shoreface are correlated to carbonate production. Corals and coralline algae, principal builders of the reef framework, are younger and more abundant in sands along the channel axis and in offshore reefal areas, while Halimeda, molluscs, and foraminifera are younger and more dominant in nearshore waters shoreward of the main region of framework building. Shoreface sediments are relatively old. Of 20 calibrated radiocarbon dates on skeletal constituents of sand, only three are younger than 500 years B.P.; six are 500-1000 years B.P.; six are 1000-2000 years B.P.; and five are 2000-5000 years B.P. Dated fine sands are older than medium to coarse sands and hence may constitute a reservoir of fossil carbonate that is distributed over the entire shoreface. Dominance of fossiliferous sand indicates long storage times for carbonate grains, which tend to decrease in size with age, such that the entire period of relative sea-level inundation (similar to 5000 years) is represented in the sediment. Despite an apparently healthy modern coral ecosystem, the surficial sand pool of Kailua Bay is dominated by sand reflecting an antecedent system, possibly one that existed under a + 1-2 m sea-level high stand during the mid- to late Holocene.},
	issn = {0722-4028},
	doi = {10.1007/s003380000085},
	author = {Harney, J. N. and Grossman, E. E. and Richmond, B. M. and Fletcher, C. H.}
}
