@article {418,
	title = {Human impacts, climate change, and aquatic ecosystem response during the past 2000 yr at Lake Wandakara, Uganda},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {72},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2052; PT: J; UT: WOS:000271254000002},
	pages = {315-324},
	abstract = {Analyses of carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of terrestrial leaf waxes and the carbon and nitrogen abundance. ratio, and isotopic composition of bulk sediments from Like Wandakara, a crater lake in western Uganda, East Africa. document human and climatic controls on the aquatic system and oil the Surrounding terrestrial vegetation during the past two millennia Our data indicate that Wandakara was a relatively stable, productive lake Surrounded by C(3) vegetation from AD 70 to 1000. Abrupt changes in the delta(13)C of terrestrial leaf waxes indicate a series of abrupt shifts in the relative abundance of C(3) and C(4) vegetation caused by a combination of climate change and human activities around Wandakara beginning at AD 1000. Abrupt shifts in bulk sediment organic geochemistry. particularly C/N ratios and delta(15)N, indicate that human activities at this time caused permanent changes in the limnology of Lake Wandakara. including eutrophication Our results suggest that the biogeochemistry of Like Wandakara was more sensitive to shifting human impacts than to climate variations during the past millennium, highlighting the importance of understanding the intensity of pre-colonial human impacts on Africa{\textquoteright}s aquatic ecosystems (C) 2009 University of Washington Published by Elsevier Inc All rights reserved},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2009.06.008},
	author = {Russell, James M. and McCoy, S. J. and Verschuren, D. and Bessems, I. and Huang, Y.}
}
