@article {2640,
	title = {Sinking particle flux and composition at three sites of different annual sea ice cover in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica},
	journal = {Journal of Marine Systems},
	volume = {192},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-04-2019},
	pages = {42 - 50},
	abstract = {This study examines the sinking particle flux and composition of samples collected at three sites in the western Amundsen Sea, Antarctica: a perennial sea-ice-covered area, the central region of the Amundsen Sea polynya, and close to the Dotson Ice Shelf within the polynya. Time series sediment traps were deployed for one year at depths of 400-500 m from February and March 2012. Observations from the three sites confirm previously reported findings that the majority of annual POC (particulate organic carbon) flux in the Amundsen Sea occurs during the austral summer, with much smaller POC fluxes during other seasons. In the perennial ice-covered area, sea ice diatoms were the dominant source of sinking particles. In this region, the summertime POC flux is similar to that in the central polynya. However, the POC flux exhibited large interannual variability, with the reduction in sea ice cover and sufficient insolation being critical to enhanced sinking POC flux. Within the Amundsen Sea polynya, the sinking POC flux was higher in the central region than near the Dotson Ice Shelf, consistent with spatial variability in primary production. The site near the Dotson Ice Shelf had the lowest contribution of diatoms to sinking particles and the smallest POC flux among the three sites.},
	keywords = {Amundsen sea, Biological pump, particulate organic carbon, Perennial ice-covered area, Polynya},
	issn = {09247963},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jmarsys.2019.01.002},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092479631830304X},
	author = {Kim, Minkyoung and Yang, Eun J. and Kim, Dongseon and Jeong, Jin-Hyun and Kim, Hyung J. and Park, Jisoo and Jung, Jinyoung and Ducklow, Hugh W. and Lee, SangHoon and Hwang, Jeomshik}
}
@article {2630,
	title = {An Investigation of Gas Exchange and Water Circulation in the Amundsen Sea Based On Dissolved Inorganic Radiocarbon},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {453},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Apr-11-2020},
	pages = {12,368 - 12,375},
	abstract = {We used radiocarbon isotope ratios in dissolved inorganic carbon to assess gas exchange and water circulation in the western Amundsen Sea. Radiocarbon isotope ratios indicate that Circumpolar Deep Water enters the basin along the seafloor and that the upper layer is formed through modification of this water mass. In the Amundsen Sea Polynya, radiocarbon isotope ratios of surface water are higher than those of underlying Winter Water, implying rapid absorption of atmospheric CO2. A CO2 absorption rate of 45mmol m(-2) d(-1) calculated for a site in the central polynya is higher than that near the Dotson Ice Shelf (28mmolm(-2) d(-1)). The turnover time of water in the Dotson Trough region of the western Amundsen Sea is estimated to be 10-30years, based on results from a box model and radiocarbon mass balance.

Plain Language Summary The western Amundsen Sea is experiencing raid physical changes including rapid glacial melting and declining sea ice cover. The suggested heat source is the intrusion of warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) along the seafloor of the Amundsen Shelf. Therefore, understanding the behavior of the intruded CDW, especially how long it stays on the shelf, is important. Physical oceanographic studies have examined the flux of CDW onto and out of the Amundsen Shelf. However, the turnover time of water in the Amundsen Sea is still poorly understood. In this paper, we use radiocarbon isotope signature from dissolved inorganic carbon to examine how rapidly atmospheric CO2 is absorbed into the Amundsen Sea Polynya and how long the water should stay in the western Amundsen Shelf to have the observed radiocarbon isotope signature. Based on our results and the current understanding of the water circulation in the western Amundsen Sea, we found that the water sits on the Amundsen Shelf for a few decades before it moves off shelf.},
	keywords = {Amundsen sea, dissolved inorganic carbon, gas exchange, radiocarbon, water circulation},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2018GL079464},
	url = {http://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\%3FDestParams\%3DUT\%253DWOS\%25253A000453250000030\%2526customersID\%253DAlerting\%2526smartRedirect\%253Dyes\%2526action\%253Dretrieve\%2526mode\%25},
	author = {Kim, Bumsoo and Lee, SangHoon and Kim, Minkyoung and Hahm, Doshik and Rhee, Tae Siek and Hwang, Jeomshik}
}
