@article {573,
	title = {Recent and modern marine erosion on the New Jersey outer shelf},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {216},
	year = {2005},
	note = {925kdTimes Cited:42Cited References Count:53},
	month = {May 15},
	pages = {275-296},
	abstract = {Recent chirp seismic reflection data combined with multibeam bathymetry, backscatter, and analysis of grab samples and short cores provide evidence of significant recent erosion on the outer New Jersey shelf. The timing of erosion is constrained by two factors: (1) truncation at the seafloor of what is interpreted to be the transgressive ravinement surface at the base of the surficial sand sheet, and (2) truncation of apparently moribund sand ridges along erosional swales oriented parallel to the primary direction of modem bottom flow and oblique to the strike of the sand ridges. These observations place the erosion in a marine setting, post-dating the passage of the shoreface ravinement and the evolution of sand ridges that form initially in the near shore environment. Also truncated by marine erosion are shallowly buried, fluvial channel systems, formed during the Last Glacial Maximum and filled during the transgression, and a regional reflector "R" that is > \&SIM; 40 kyr. Depths of erosion range from a few meters to \&GT; 10 m. The seafloor within eroded areas is often marked by "ribbon" morphology, seen primarily in the backscatter data as areas of alternating high and low backscatter elongated in the direction of primary bottom flow. Ribbons are more occasionally observed in the bathymetry; where observed, crests exhibit low backscatter and troughs exhibit high backscatter. Sampling reveals that the high backscatter areas of the ribbons consist of a trimodal admixture of mud, sand and shell hash, with a bimodal distribution of abraded and unabraded sand grains and microfauna. The shell hash is interpreted to be an erosional lag, while the muds and unabraded grains are, in this non-depositional environment, evidence of recent erosion at the seafloor of previously undisturbed strata. The lower-backscatter areas of the ribbon morphology were found to be a well-sorted medium sand unit only a few 10{\textquoteright}s of cm thick overlying the shelly/muddy/sandy material. Concentrations of well-rounded gravels and cobbles were also found in eroded areas with very high backscatter, and at least one of these appears to be derived from the base of an eroded fluvial channel. Seafloor reworking over the transgressive evolution of the shelf appears to have switched from sand ridge evolution, which is documented to \&SIM; 40 m water depth, to more strictly erosional modification at greater water depths. We suggest that this change may be related to the reduction with water depth in the effectiveness of sediment resuspension by waves. Resuspension is a critical factor in the grain size sorting during transport by bottom currents over large bedforms like sand ridges. Otherwise, we speculate, displacement of sand by unidirectional currents will erode the seafloor. \&COPY; 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2005.02.015},
	author = {Goff, J. A. and Austin, J. A. and Gulick, S. and Nordfjord, S. and Christensen, B. and Sommerfield, C. and Olson, H. and Alexander, C.}
}
@conference {1789,
	title = {Source, timing and depositional environments of Paleochannel incision and infill on the New Jersey Shelf},
	booktitle = {2005 National GSA Meeting},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 638},
	month = {2005},
	address = {Salat Lake City, UT},
	author = {Alexander, C. and Christensen, B. and Turner, J. and Goff, J. and Austin J.A, Jr. and Venherm, C. and Nordfjord, S. and Sommerfield, C. and Gulick, S. and Fulthorpe, C.}
}
@conference {1734,
	title = {Paleochannel incision and infill on the New Jersey shelf: timing, character and depositional environment},
	booktitle = {2005 SE GSA Meeting},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1120},
	month = {2004},
	address = {Biloxi, MS},
	author = {Alexander, C. and Christensen, C. and Goff, J. and Austin J.A, Jr. and Venherm, C. and Nordfjord, S. and Gulick, S. and Sommerfield, C. and Fulthorpe, C. and Schock, S.}
}
@conference {1785,
	title = {Sedimentology and age control of late Quaternary New Jersey shelf deposits},
	booktitle = {AGU Fall 2003 Meeting},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 636},
	month = {2003},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	author = {Alexander, C. and Sommerfield, C. and Austin J.A, Jr. and Christensen, B. and Fulthorpe, C. and Goff, J. and Gulick, S. and Nordfjord, S. and Nielson, D. and Schock, S.}
}
