@article {2758,
	title = {Salt marsh ecosystem restructuring enhances elevation resilience and carbon storage during accelerating relative sea-level rise},
	journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
	volume = {217},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-02-2019},
	pages = {56 - 68},
	abstract = {

Salt marshes respond to sea-level rise through a series of complex and dynamic bio-physical feedbacks. In this study, we found that sea-level rise triggered salt marsh habitat restructuring, with the associated vegetation changes enhancing salt marsh elevation resilience. A continuous record of marsh elevation relative to sea level that includes reconstruction of high-resolution, sub-decadal, marsh elevation over the past century, coupled with a lower-resolution 1500-year record, revealed that relative sea-level rose 1.5 {\textpm} 0.4 m, following local glacial isostatic adjustment (1.2 mm/yr). As sea-level rise has rapidly accelerated, the high marsh zone dropped 11 cm within the tidal frame since 1932, leading to greater inundation and a shift to flood- and salt-tolerant low marsh species. Once the marsh platform fell to the elevation favored by low-marsh Spartina alterniflora, the elevation stabilized relative to sea level. Currently low marsh accretion keeps pace with sea-level rise, while present day high marsh zones that have not transitioned to low marsh have a vertical accretion deficit. Greater biomass productivity, and an expanding subsurface accommodation space favorable for salt marsh organic matter preservation, provide a positive feed-back between sea-level rise and marsh platform elevation. Carbon storage was 46 {\textpm} 28 g C/m2/yr from 550 to 1800 CE, increasing to 129 {\textpm} 50 g C/m2/yr in the last decade. Enhanced carbon storage is controlled by vertical accretion rates, rather than soil carbon density, and is a direct response to anthropogenic eustatic sea-level rise, ultimately providing a negative feedback on climate warming.
},
	keywords = {14-Carbon, accretion, Carbon storage, Elevation, Salt marsh, Sea level index point, sea-level rise},
	issn = {02727714},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2018.11.003},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0272771418306851},
	author = {Gonneea, Meagan Eagle and Maio, Christopher V. and Kroeger, Kevin D. and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Mora, Jordan and Sullivan, Richard and Madsen, Stephanie and Buzard, Richard M. and Cahill, Niamh and Donnelly, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {2503,
	title = {Quantifying overwash flux in barrier systems: An example from Martha{\textquoteright}s Vineyard, Massachusetts, USA},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {343},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-09-2013},
	pages = {15 - 28},
	abstract = {Coastal barriers are particularly susceptible to the effects of accelerated sea-level rise and intense storms. Over centennial scales, barriers are maintained via overtopping during storms, which causes deposition of washover fans on their landward sides. Understanding barrier evolution under modern conditions can help evaluate the likelihood of future barrier stability. This study examines three washover fans on the undeveloped south shore of Martha{\textquoteright}s Vineyard using a suite of vibracores, ground penetrating radar, high resolution dGPS, and LiDAR data. From these data, the volumes of the deposits were determined and range from 2.1 to 2.4 {\texttimes} 104 m3. Two of these overwash events occurred during Hurricane Bob in 1991. The water levels produced by this storm have a calculated return interval of ~ 28 years, implying an onshore sediment flux of 2.4{\textendash}3.4 m3/m/yr. The third washover was deposited by a nor{\textquoteright}easter in January 1997, which has a water level return interval of ~ 6 years, suggesting a flux of 8.5 m3/m/yr. These onshore fluxes are smaller than the erosional flux of sediment resulting from shoreline retreat, suggesting that the barrier is not in long-term equilibrium, a result supported by the thinning of the barrier in recent years.},
	keywords = {barrier system, Coastal evolution, overwash flux, sea-level rise, storm impacts},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2013.05.013},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S002532271300114Xhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S002532271300114X?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S002532271300114X?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Carruthers, Emily A. and Lane, D. Philip and Evans, Rob L. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Ashton, Andrew D.}
}
