@article {612,
	title = {Bomb dating and age validation using the spines of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias)},
	journal = {Environmental Biology of Fishes},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2006},
	note = {107bsTimes Cited:38Cited References Count:25},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {327-336},
	abstract = {Bomb radiocarbon has previously been used to validate the age of large pelagic sharks based on incorporation into vertebrae. However, not all sharks produce interpretable vertebral growth bands. Here we report the first application of bomb radiocarbon as an age validation method based on date-specific incorporation into spine enamel. Our results indicate that the dorsal spines of spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, recorded and preserved a bomb radiocarbon pulse in growth bands formed during the 1960s with a timing which was very similar to that of marine carbonates. Using radiocarbon assays of spine growth bands known to have formed in the 1960s and 1970s as a dated marker, we confirm the validity of spine enamel growth band counts as accurate annual age indicators to an age of at least 45 year. Radiocarbon incorporation into northeast Atlantic dogfish spines occurred in similar years as those in the northwest Atlantic and northeast Pacific, although the amount of radiocarbon differed in keeping with the radiocarbon content of the different water masses. Published reports suggesting that Pacific dogfish are longer lived and slower growing than their Atlantic counterparts appear to be correct, and are not due to errors in interpreting the spine growth bands. Radiocarbon assays of fin spine enamel appears to be well suited to the age validation of sharks with fin spines which inhabit the upper 200 m of the ocean.},
	issn = {0378-1909},
	doi = {10.1007/s10641-006-9107-3},
	author = {Campana, S. E. and Jones, C. and McFarlane, G. A. and Myklevoll, S.}
}
@article {677,
	title = {Bomb dating and age determination of large pelagic sharks},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
	volume = {59},
	year = {2002},
	note = {548ceTimes Cited:98Cited References Count:16},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {450-455},
	abstract = {Despite their notoriety and role as apex predators, the longevity of large pelagic sharks such as the porbeagle (Lamna nasus) and shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) is unknown. Vertebral growth bands provide an accurate indicator of age in young porbeagle, but age validation has never been reported for any large shark species past the age of sexual maturity. Here, we report the first application of bomb radiocarbon as an age validation method for long-lived sharks based on date-specific incorporation of radiocarbon into vertebral growth bands. Our results indicate that porbeagle vertebrae recorded and preserved a bomb radiocarbon pulse in growth bands formed during the 1960s. Through comparison of radiocarbon assays in young, known-age porbeagle collected in the 1960s with the corresponding growth bands in old porbeagle collected later, we confirm the validity of porbeagle vertebral growth band counts as accurate annual age indicators to an age of at least 26 years. The radiocarbon signatures of porbeagle vertebral growth bands appear to be temporally and metabolically stable and derived mainly from the radiocarbon content of their prey. Preliminary radiocarbon assays of shortfin mako vertebrae suggest that current methods for determining shortfin mako age are incorrect.},
	issn = {0706-652x},
	doi = {10.1139/F02-027},
	author = {Campana, S. E. and Natanson, L. J. and Myklevoll, S.}
}
