@article {2975,
	title = {The giant 1960 tsunami in the context of a 6000-year record of paleotsunamis and coastal evolution in south-central Chile},
	journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2022},
	month = {06/2022},
	pages = {2062 - 2078},
	abstract = {The tsunami associated with the giant 9.5 Mw 1960 Chile earthquake deposited an extensive sand layer above organic-rich soils near Queule (39.3{\textdegree}S, 73.2{\textdegree}W), south-central Chile. Using the 1960 tsunami deposits, together with eye-witness observations and numerical simulations of tsunami inundation, we tested the tsunami inundation sensitivity of the site to different earthquake slip distributions. Stratigraphically below the 1960 deposit are two additional widespread sand layers interpreted as tsunami deposits with maximum ages of 4960{\textendash}4520 and 5930{\textendash}5740 cal BP. This >4500-year gap of tsunami deposits preserved in the stratigraphic record is inconsistent with written and geological records of large tsunamis in south-central Chile in 1575, 1837, and possibly 1737. We explain this discrepancy by: (1) poor preservation of tsunami deposits due to reduced accommodation space from relative sea-level fall during the late Holocene; (2) recently evolved coastal geomorphology that increased sediment availability for tsunami deposit formation in 1960; and/or (3) the possibility that the 1960 tsunami was significantly larger at this particular location than other tsunamis in the past >4500 years. Our research illustrates the complexities of reconstructing a complete stratigraphic record of past tsunamis from a single site for tsunami hazard assessment. The coastal geomorphology near Queule, Chile preserves evidence of the giant Mw 9.51960 Chile earthquake and two buried paleotsunami deposits within the last 6000 years. Using the 1960 tsunami deposits, eye-witness observations, and numerical simulations of tsunami inundation, we tested the sensitivity of the site to different earthquake slip distributions. We consider the role of coastal geomorphic evolution, sea-level history, and tsunami magnitude in the preservation of paleotsunami depositional records.},
	doi = {10.1002/esp.5363},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/esp.5363},
	author = {Matos-Llavona, Pedro I. and Ely, Lisa L. and MacInnes, Breanyn and Dura, Tina and Cisternas, Marco A. and Bourgeois, Joanne and Bruce, David and DePaolis, Jessica and Dolcimascolo, Alexander and Horton, Benjamin P. and Melnick, Daniel and Nelson, Alan R. and Szeliga, Walter and Wesson, Robert L.}
}
@article {khan_relative_2022,
	title = {Relative sea-level change in South Florida during the past ~5000~years},
	journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
	volume = {216},
	year = {2022},
	month = {09/2022},
	pages = {103902},
	abstract = {A paucity of detailed relative sea-level (RSL) reconstructions from low latitudes hinders efforts to understand the global, regional, and local processes that cause RSL change. We reconstruct RSL change during the past ~5~ka using cores of mangrove peat at two sites (Snipe Key and Swan Key) in the Florida Keys. Remote sensing and field surveys established the relationship between peat-forming mangroves and tidal elevation in South Florida. Core chronologies are developed from age-depth models applied to 72 radiocarbon dates (39 mangrove wood macrofossils and 33 fine-fraction bulk peat). RSL rose 3.7~m at Snipe Key and 5.0~m at Swan Key in the past 5~ka, with both sites recording the fastest century-scale rate of RSL rise since ~1900~CE (~2.1~mm/a). We demonstrate that it is feasible to produce near-continuous reconstructions of RSL from mangrove peat in regions with a microtidal regime and accommodation space created by millennial-scale RSL rise. Decomposition of RSL trends from a network of reconstructions across South Florida using a spatio-temporal model suggests that Snipe Key was representative of regional RSL trends, but Swan Key was influenced by an additional local-scale process acting over at least the past five millennia. Geotechnical analysis of modern and buried mangrove peat indicates that sediment compaction is not the local-scale process responsible for the exaggerated RSL rise at Swan Key. The substantial difference in RSL between two nearby sites highlights the critical need for within-region replication of RSL reconstructions to avoid misattribution of sea-level trends, which could also have implications for geophysical modeling studies using RSL data for model tuning and validation.},
	keywords = {Holocene, mangrove, Proxy reconstruction, Reproducibility, sea level},
	issn = {0921-8181},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103902},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921818122001692},
	author = {Khan, Nicole S. and Ashe, Erica and Moyer, Ryan P. and Kemp, Andrew C. and Engelhart, Simon E. and Brain, Matthew J. and Toth, Lauren T. and Chappel, Amanda and Christie, Margaret and Kopp, Robert E. and Horton, Benjamin P.}
}
@article {2929,
	title = {A maximum rupture model for the central and southern Cascadia subduction zone{\textemdash}reassessing ages for coastal evidence of megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {261},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-06-2021},
	pages = {106922},
	abstract = {A new history of great earthquakes (and their tsunamis) for the central and southern Cascadia subduction zone shows more frequent (17 in the past 6700 yr) megathrust ruptures than previous coastal chronologies. The history is based on along-strike correlations of Bayesian age models derived from evaluation of 554 radiocarbon ages that date earthquake evidence at 14 coastal sites. We reconstruct a history that accounts for all dated stratigraphic evidence with the fewest possible ruptures by evaluating the sequence of age models for earthquake or tsunami contacts at each site, comparing the degree of temporal overlap of correlated site age models, considering evidence for closely spaced earthquakes at four sites, and hypothesizing only maximum-length megathrust ruptures. For the past 6700 yr, recurrence for all earthquakes is 370e420 yr. But correlations suggest that ruptures at-1.5 ka and-1.1 ka were of limited extent (<400 km). If so, post-3-ka recurrence for ruptures extending throughout central and southern Cascadia is 510e540 yr. But the range in the times between earthquakes is large: two instances may be-50 yr, whereas the longest are-550 and-850 yr. The closely spaced ruptures about 1.6 ka may illustrate a pattern common at subduction zones of a long gap ending with a great earthquake rupturing much of the subduction zone, shortly followed by a rupture of more limited extent. The ruptures of limited extent support the continued inclusion of magnitude-8 earthquakes, with longer ruptures near magnitude 9, in assessments of seismic hazard in the region. },
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106922},
	url = {https://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\&SrcApp=search\&SrcAuth=Alerting\&SID=6DMZZppDlBSzMpeHDG2\&customersID=Alerting\&mode=FullRecord\&IsProductCode=Yes\&AlertId=4d48b20a-7d27-4fa2-},
	author = {Nelson, Alan R. and DuRoss, Christopher B. and Witter, Robert C. and Kelsey, Harvey M. and Engelhart, Simon E. and Mahan, Shannon A. and Gray, Harrison J. and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Padgett, Jason S.}
}
@article { ISI:000481723500018,
	title = {The application of delta C-13, TOC and C/N geochemistry of mangrove sediments to reconstruct Holocene paleoenvironments and relative sea levels, Puerto Rico},
	journal = {MARINE GEOLOGY},
	volume = {415},
	year = {2019},
	month = {SEP},
	pages = {105963},
	abstract = {We assessed the use of delta C-13, TOC and C/N values of bulk sedimentary organic matter (OM) to reconstruct paleoenvironmental and relative sea-level change from mangrove environments in Puerto Rico. The modern distribution of delta C-13, TOC and C/N values was described from 63 vegetation and 59 surface sediment samples collected from three sites containing basin and riverine mangrove stands, and was compared to microfossil (foraminiferal and thecamoebian) assemblages. Four vertically-zoned environments were identified: tidal flat (delta C-13: -18.6 +/- 2.8 parts per thousand; TOC: 10.2 +/- 5.7\%; C/N: 12.7 +/- 3.1), mangrove (delta C-13: -26.4 +/- 1.0 parts per thousand; TOC: 33.9 +/- 13.4\%; C/N: 24.3 +/- 6.2), brackish transition (delta C-13: -28.8 +/- 0.7 parts per thousand; TOC: 40.8 +/- 11.7\%; C/N: 21.7 +/- 3.7), and freshwater swamp (delta C-13: -28.4 +/- 0.4 parts per thousand; TOC: 42.8 +/- 4.8\%; C/N: 17.0 +/- 1.1). These environments had distinct delta C-13, TOC and C/N values, with the exception of the brackish transition and freshwater swamp zones that were difficult to distinguish on a geochemical basis alone. The foraminiferal assemblages were complicated by a group that did not show a relationship to elevation due to the presence of calcareous foraminifera occurring above mean higher high water (MHHW), likely resulting from washover or transport by storms. However, the ratio of foraminifera to thecamoebians (F/T) along with delta C-13, TOC and C/N values refines the distinction between brackish and freshwater environments. Using linear discriminant analysis, we applied the delta C-13, TOC, C/N and F/T distributions to a 1.7 m core containing a continuous sequence of Rhizophora mangle peat, which began accumulating at similar to 1650-1930 CE. Together, microfossils, delta C-13, TOC, and C/N values, and the core chronology from Cs-137 and radiocarbon dating revealed that sediments in the core likely accumulated in response to anthropogenic sediment delivery, making it unsuitable for relative sea-level reconstruction. We caution that in the absence of detailed litho-, bio-, chemo-, or chrono-stratigraphic analyses as presented here, care should be taken in interpreting sea-level histories derived from single dates on mangrove peats.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2019.105963},
	author = {Khan, Nicole S. and Vane, Christopher H. and Engelhart, Simon E. and Kendrick, Chris and Horton, Benjamin P.}
}
@article {2774,
	title = {Testing the Utility of Geochemical Proxies to Reconstruct Holocene Coastal Environments and Relative Sea Level: A Case Study from Hungry Bay, Bermuda},
	journal = {Open Quaternary},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2019},
	month = {May-02-2019},
	abstract = {On low-lying, tropical and sub-tropical coastlines freshwater marshes may be replaced by salt-tolerant mangroves in response to relative sea-level rise. Pollen analysis of radiocarbon-dated sediment cores showed that such a change occurred in Hungry Bay, Bermuda during the late Holocene. This well-established paleoenvironmental trajectory provides an opportunity to explore if geochemical proxies (bulk-sediment δ13C and Rock-Eval pyrolysis) can reconstruct known environmental changes and relative sea level. We characterized surface sediment from depositional environments in Bermuda (freshwater wetlands, saline mangroves, and wrack composed of Sargassum natans macroalgae) using geochemical measurements and demonstrate that a multi-proxy approach can objectively distinguish among these environments. However, application of these techniques to the transgressive sediment succession beneath Hungry Bay suggests that freshwater peat and mangrove peat cannot be reliably distinguished in the sedimentary record, possibly because of post-depositional convergence of geochemical characteristics on decadal to multi-century timescales and/or the relatively small number of modern samples analyzed. Sediment that includes substantial contributions from Sargassum is readily identified by geochemistry, but has a limited spatial extent. Radiocarbon dating indicates that beginning at {\textendash}700 CE, episodic marine incursions into Hungry Bay (e.g., during storms) carried Sargassum that accumulated as wrack and thickened through repeated depositional events until ~300 CE. It took a further ~550 years for a peat-forming mangrove community to colonize Hungry Bay, which then accumulated sediment rapidly, but likely out of equilibrium with regional relative sea-level rise.},
	keywords = {mangrove, radiocarbon, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, Sargassum, δ13C},
	doi = {10.5334/oq.49},
	url = {http://www.openquaternary.com/articles/10.5334/oq.49/},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C. and Vane, Christopher H. and Khan, Nicole S. and Ellison, Joanna C. and Engelhart, Simon E. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Nikitina, Daria and Smith, Struan R. and Rodrigues, Lisa J. and Moyer, Ryan P.}
}
@article {2808,
	title = {Relative sea-level change in Newfoundland, Canada during the past \~{}3000 years},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {201},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-12-2018},
	pages = {89 - 110},
	abstract = {Several processes contributing to coastal relative sea-level (RSL) change in the North Atlantic Ocean are observed and/or predicted to have distinctive spatial expressions that vary by latitude. To expand the latitudinal range of RSL records spanning the past \~{}3000 years and the likelihood of recognizing the characteristic fingerprints of these processes, we reconstructed RSL at two sites (Big River and Placentia) in Newfoundland from salt-marsh sediment. Bayesian transfer functions established the height of former sea level from preserved assemblages of foraminifera and testate amoebae. Age-depth models constrained by radiocarbon dates and chronohorizons estimated the timing of sediment deposition. During the past \~{}3000 years, RSL rose by \~{}3.0 m at Big River and by \~{}1.5 m at Placentia. A locally calibrated geotechnical model showed that post-depositional lowering through sediment compaction was minimal. To isolate and quantify contributions to RSL from global, regional linear, regional non-linear, and local-scale processes, we decomposed the new reconstructions (and those in an expanded, global database) using a spatio-temporal statistical model. The global component confirms that 20th century sea-level rise occurred at the fastest, century-scale rate in over 3000 years (P > 0.999). Distinguishing the contributions from local and regional non-linear processes is made challenging by a sparse network of reconstructions. However, only a small contribution from local-scale processes is necessary to reconcile RSL reconstructions and modeled RSL trends. We identified three latitudinally-organized groups of sites that share coherent regional non-linear trends and indicate that dynamic redistribution of ocean mass by currents and/or winds was likely an important driver of sea-level change in the North Atlantic Ocean during the past \~{}3000 years.},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.10.012},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379118304980},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C. and Wright, Alexander J. and Edwards, Robin J. and Barnett, Robert L. and Brain, Matthew J. and Kopp, Robert E. and Cahill, Niamh and Horton, Benjamin P. and Charman, Dan J. and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Hill, Troy D. and van de Plassche, Orson}
}
@article {2816,
	title = {The role of sediment compaction and groundwater withdrawal in local sea-level rise, Sandy Hook, New Jersey, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {181},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-02-2018},
	pages = {30 - 42},
	abstract = {The rate of relative sea-level (RSL) rise at Sandy Hook, NJ (4.0 {\textpm} 0.5 mm/yr) was higher than The Battery, NY (3.0 {\textpm} 0.3 mm/yr) from 1900 to 2012 despite being separated by just 26 km. The difference cannot be explained by differential glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA; 1.4 {\textpm} 0.4 and 1.3 {\textpm} 0.4 mm/yr RSL rise, respectively) alone. We estimate the contribution of sediment compaction to subsidence at Sandy Hook using high-resolution grain size, percent organic matter, and porosity data from three upper Quaternary (<=13,350 cal yr) cores. The organic matter content (<2\%) is too low to contribute to local subsidence. However, numerical modeling of the grain size-depth-age-porosity relationship indicates that compaction of deglacial silts likely reduced the column thickness by 10{\textendash}20\% over the past 13,350 cal yrs. While compaction rates were high immediately after the main silt deposition (13,350{\textendash}13,150 cal yrs BP), rates decreased exponentially after deposition to an average 20th century rate of 0.16 mm/yr (90\% Confidence Interval (C.I.), 0.06{\textendash}0.32 mm/yr). The remaining \~{}0.7 mm/yr (90\% C.I. 0.3{\textendash}1.2 mm/yr) difference in subsidence between Sandy Hook and The Battery is likely due to anthropogenic groundwater withdrawal. Historical data from Fort Hancock wells (2 km to the southeast of the Sandy Hook tide gauge) and previous regional work show that local and regional water extraction lowered the water levels in the aquifers underlying Sandy Hook. We suggest that the modern order of contribution to subsidence (highest to lowest) appears to be GIA, local/regional groundwater extraction, and compaction of thick Quaternary silts.},
	keywords = {Marginal marine, North America, numerical modeling, Quaternary, Sea-level change, sedimentology},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.11.031},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379117303657},
	author = {Johnson, Christopher S. and Miller, Kenneth G. and Browning, James V. and Kopp, Robert E. and Khan, Nicole S. and Fan, Ying and Stanford, Scott D. and Horton, Benjamin P.}
}
@article {2815,
	title = {The distribution and utility of sea-level indicators in Eurasian sub-Arctic salt marshes (White Sea, Russia)},
	journal = {Boreas},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-07-2017},
	pages = {562 - 584},
	abstract = {In support of efforts to reconstruct relative sea level (RSL), we investigated the utility of foraminifera, diatoms and bulk-sediment geochemistry (δ13C, C:N and parameters measured by Rock-Eval pyrolysis) as sea-level indicators in Eurasian sub-Arctic salt marshes. At three salt marshes (<15 km apart) in Dvina Bay (White Sea, Russia), we collected surface sediment samples along transects from subtidal to Taiga forest environments. Foraminifera at all sites formed bipartite assemblages, where elevations below mean high higher water (MHHW) were dominated by Miliammina spp. and elevations between MHHW and the highest occurrence of foraminifera were dominated by Jadammina macrescens and Balticammina pseudomacrescens. Five high-diversity groups of diatoms were identified and they displayed pronounced variability amongst the study sites. Bulk-sediment geochemistry recognized two groups (clastic-dominated environments below MHHW and organic-rich environments above MHHW). As one group included subtidal elevations and the other included supratidal elevations, we conclude that the measured geochemical parameters are not stand-alone sea-level indicators. Core JT2012 captured a regressive sediment succession of clastic, tidal-flat sediment overlain by salt-marsh organic silt and freshwater peat. The salt-marsh sediment accumulated at 2804{\textpm}52 years before present and preserved foraminifera (Jadammina macrescens and Balticammina pseudomacrescens) with good analogy to modern assemblages indicating that RSL was +2.60{\textpm}0.47 m at this time. Diatoms confirm that marine influence decreased through time, but the lack of analogy between modern and core assemblages limited their utility as sea-level indicators. Geochemical parameters also indicate a reduction in marine influence through time. We conclude that RSL reconstructions derived from salt-marsh sediment preserved beneath Eurasian sub-Arctic peatlands can provide valuable insight into the spatio-temporal evolution of the Fennoscandian and Eurasian ice sheets.},
	doi = {10.1111/bor.2017.46.issue-310.1111/bor.12233},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bor.12233},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Nikitina, Daria and Vane, Christopher H. and Potapova, Marina and Weber-Bruya, Elizabeth and Culver, Stephen J. and Repkina, Tatyana and Hill, David F.}
}
@article {2768,
	title = {Subduction zone slip variability during the last millennium, south-central Chile},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {175},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-11-2017},
	pages = {112 - 137},
	abstract = {The Arauco Peninsula (37{\textdegree}-38{\textdegree}S) in south-central Chile has been proposed as a possible barrier to the along-strike propagation of megathrust ruptures, separating historical earthquakes to the south (1960 AD 1837, 1737, and 1575) and north (2010 AD, 1835, 1751, 1657, and 1570) of the peninsula. However, the 2010 (Mw 8.8) earthquake propagated into the Arauco Peninsula, re-rupturing part of the megathrust that had ruptured only 50 years earlier during the largest subduction zone earthquake in the instrumental record (Mw 9.5). To better understand long-term slip variability in the Arauco Peninsula region, we analyzed four coastal sedimentary sections from two sites (Tir{\'u}a, 38.3{\textdegree}S and Quidico, 38.1{\textdegree}S) located within the overlap of the 2010 and 1960 ruptures to reconstruct a \~{}600-year record of coseismic land-level change and tsunami inundation. Stratigraphic, lithologic, and diatom results show variable coseismic land-level change coincident with tsunami inundation of the Tir{\'u}a and Quidico marshes that is consistent with regional historical accounts of coseismic subsidence during earthquakes along the Valdivia portion of the subduction zone (1960 AD and 1575) and coseismic uplift during earthquakes along the Maule portion of the subduction zone (2010 AD, 1835, 1751). In addition, we document variable coseismic land-level change associated with three new prehistoric earthquakes and accompanying tsunamis in 1470{\textendash}1570 AD, 1425{\textendash}1455, and 270{\textendash}410. The mixed record of coseismic subsidence and uplift that we document illustrates the variability of down-dip and lateral slip distribution at the overlap of the 2010 and 1960 ruptures, showing that ruptures have repeatedly propagated into, but not through the Arauco Peninsula and suggesting the area has persisted as a long-term impediment to slip through at least seven of the last megathrust earthquakes (\~{}600 years).},
	keywords = {Coastal hazards, Coastal paleoseismology, Diatom paleoecology, Prehistoric earthquakes, Subduction zone segmentation, Tsunami Deposits},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.08.023},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379117303505},
	author = {Dura, Tina and Horton, Benjamin P. and Cisternas, Marco and Ely, Lisa L. and Hong, Isabel and Nelson, Alan R. and Wesson, Robert L. and Pilarczyk, Jessica E. and Parnell, Andrew C. and Nikitina, Daria}
}
@article {2807,
	title = {Utility of salt-marsh foraminifera, testate amoebae and bulk-sediment δ13C values as sea-level indicators in Newfoundland, Canada},
	journal = {Marine Micropaleontology},
	volume = {130},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-01-2017},
	pages = {43 - 59},
	abstract = {We investigated the utility of foraminifera, testate amoebae and bulk-sediment δ13C measurements for reconstructing Holocene relative sea level from sequences of salt-marsh sediment in Newfoundland, Canada. Modern, surface sediment was collected along transects from low to supra-tidal elevations in eastern (at Placentia) and western (at Hynes Brook and Big River) Newfoundland. Consistent with previous work, low-diversity assemblages of foraminifera display an almost binary division into a higher salt-marsh assemblage dominated by Jadammina macrescens and Balticammina pseudomacrescens and a lower salt-marsh assemblage comprised of Miliammina fusca. This pattern and composition resembles those identified at other high latitude sites with cool climates and confirms that foraminifera are sea-level indicators. The lowest occurrence of testate amoebae was at approximately mean higher high water. The composition of high salt-marsh testate amoebae assemblages (Centropyxis cassis type, Trinema spp., Tracheleuglypha dentata type, and Euglypha spp.) in Newfoundland was similar to elsewhere in the North Atlantic, but preservation bias favors removal of species with idiosomic tests over those with xenosomic tests. The mixed high salt-marsh plant community in Newfoundland results in bulk surface-sediment δ13C values that are typical of C3 plants, making them indistinguishable from freshwater sediment. Therefore we propose that the utility of this proxy for reconstructing RSL in eastern North America is restricted to the coastline between Chesapeake Bay and southern Nova Scotia. Using a simple, multi-proxy approach to establish that samples in three radiocarbon-dated sediment cores formed between the lowest occurrence of testate amoebae and the highest occurrence of foraminifera, we generated three example late Holocene sea-level index points at Hynes Brook.},
	issn = {03778398},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marmicro.2016.12.003},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0377839816300524},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C. and Wright, Alexander J. and Barnett, Robert L. and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Charman, Dan J. and Sameshima, Colby and King, Alexandra N. and Mooney, Hailey C. and Edwards, Robin J. and Horton, Benjamin P. and van de Plassche, Orson}
}
@article {2597,
	title = {Differences in coastal subsidence in southern Oregon (USA) during at least six prehistoric megathrust earthquakes},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {142},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-06-2016},
	pages = {143 - 163},
	abstract = {Stratigraphic, sedimentologic (including CT 3D X-ray tomography scans), foraminiferal, and radiocarbon analyses show that at least six of seven abrupt peat-to-mud contacts in cores from a tidal marsh at Talbot Creek (South Slough, Coos Bay), record sudden subsidence (relative sea-level rise) during great megathrust earthquakes at the Cascadia subduction zone. Data for one contact are insufficient to infer whether or not it records a great earthquake{\textemdash}it may also have formed through local, non-seismic, hydrographic processes. To estimate the amount of subsidence marked by each contact, we expanded a previous regional modern foraminiferal dataset to 174 samples from six Oregon estuaries. Using a transfer function derived from the new dataset, estimates of coseismic subsidence across the six earthquake contacts vary from 0.31 m to 0.75 m. Comparison of subsidence estimates for three contacts in adjacent cores shows within-site differences of <=0.10 m, about half the {\textpm}0.22 m error, although some estimates may be minimums due to uncertain ecological preferences for Balticammina pseudomacrescens in brackish environments and almost monospecific assemblages of Miliammina fusca on tidal flats. We also account for the influence of taphonomic processes, such as infiltration of mud with mixed foraminiferal assemblages into peat, on subsidence estimates. Comparisons of our subsidence estimates with values for correlative contacts at other Oregon sites suggest that some of our estimates are minimums and that Cascadia{\textquoteright}s megathrust earthquake ruptures have been heterogeneous over the past 3500 years.},
	keywords = {Cascadia subduction zone, Coseismic subsidence, Megathrust earthquakes, Paleoseismology, Salt-marsh foraminifera, Sea-level change, Transfer functions},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.04.017},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.04.017},
	author = {Milker, Yvonne and Nelson, Alan R. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Engelhart, Simon E. and Bradley, Lee-Ann and Witter, Robert C.}
}
@article {2489,
	title = {Relative sea-level change in northeastern Florida (USA) during the last \~{}8.0~ka},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {142},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-06-2016},
	pages = {90 - 101},
	abstract = {An existing database of relative sea-level (RSL) reconstructions from the U.S. Atlantic coast lacked valid sea-level index points from Georgia and Florida. This region lies on the edge of the collapsing forebulge of the former Laurentide Ice Sheet making it an important location for understanding glacio-isostatic adjustment and the history of ice-sheet melt. To address the paucity of data, we reconstruct RSL in northeastern Florida (St. Marys) over the last \~{}8.0 ka from samples of basal salt-marsh sediment that minimize the influence of compaction. The analogy between modern salt-marsh foraminifera and their fossil counterparts preserved in the sedimentary record was used to estimate paleomarsh surface elevation. Sample ages were determined by radiocarbon dating of identifiable and in-situ plant macrofossils. This approach yielded 25 new sea-level index points that constrain a \~{}5.7 m rise in RSL during the last \~{}8.0 ka. The record shows that no highstand in sea level occurred in this region over the period of the reconstruction. We compared the new reconstruction to Earth-ice models ICE 6G-C VM5a and ICE 6G-C VM6. There is good fit in the later part of the Holocene with VM5a and for a brief time in the earlier Holocene with VM6. However, there are discrepancies in model-reconstruction fit in the early to mid Holocene in northeastern Florida and elsewhere along the Atlantic coast at locations with early Holocene RSL reconstructions. The most pronounced feature of the new reconstruction is a slow down in the rate of RSL rise from approximately 5.0 to 3.0 ka. This trend may reflect a significant contribution from local-scale processes such as tidal-range change and/or change in base flow of the St. Marys River in response to paleoclimate changes. However, the spatial expression (local vs. regional) of this slow down is undetermined and corroborative records are needed to establish its geographical extent.},
	keywords = {Foraminifera, Georgia, Holocene, Salt marsh, St. Marys River},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.04.016},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379116301275http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379116301275?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379116301275?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Hawkes, Andrea D. and Kemp, Andrew C. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Peltier, W. Richard and Cahill, Niamh and Hill, David F. and Ashe, Erica and Alexander, Clark R.}
}
@article {2595,
	title = {Coastal evidence for Holocene subduction-zone earthquakes and tsunamis in central Chile},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-04-2015},
	pages = {93 - 111},
	abstract = {The \~{}500-year historical record of seismicity along the central Chile coast (30{\textendash}34{\textdegree}S) is characterized by a series of \~{}M 8.0{\textendash}8.5 earthquakes followed by low tsunamis (<4 m) occurring on the megathrust about every 80 years. One exception is the AD 1730 great earthquake (M 9.0{\textendash}9.5) and high tsunami (>10 m), but the frequency of such large events is unknown. We extend the seismic history of central Chile through a study of a lowland stratigraphic sequence along the metropolitan coast north of Valpara{\'\i}so (33{\textdegree}S). At this site, higher relative sea level during the mid Holocene created a tidal marsh and the accommodation space necessary for sediment that preserves earthquake and tsunami evidence. Within this 2600-yr-long sequence, we traced six laterally continuous sand beds probably deposited by high tsunamis. Plant remains that underlie the sand beds were radiocarbon dated to 6200, 5600, 5000, 4400, 3800, and 3700 cal yr BP. Sediment properties and diatom assemblages of the sand beds{\textemdash}for example, anomalous marine planktonic diatoms and upward fining of silt-sized diatom valves{\textemdash}point to a marine sediment source and high-energy deposition. Grain-size analysis shows a strong similarity between inferred tsunami deposits and modern coastal sediment. Upward fining sequences characteristic of suspension deposition are present in five of the six sand beds. Despite the lack of significant lithologic changes between the sedimentary units under- and overlying tsunami deposits, we infer that the increase in freshwater siliceous microfossils in overlying units records coseismic uplift concurrent with the deposition of five of the sand beds. During our mid-Holocene window of evidence preservation, the mean recurrence interval of earthquakes and tsunamis is \~{}500 years. Our findings imply that the frequency of historical earthquakes in central Chile is not representative of the greatest earthquakes and tsunamis that the central Chilean subduction zone has produced.},
	keywords = {Coastal hazards, Coastal paleoseismology, Diatom paleoecology, Prehistoric earthquakes, Tsunami Deposits},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.015},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.015},
	author = {Dura, Tina and Cisternas, Marco and Horton, Benjamin P. and Ely, Lisa L. and Nelson, Alan R. and Wesson, Robert L. and Pilarczyk, Jessica E.}
}
@book {2535,
	title = {Handbook of Sea-Level ResearchPre-fieldwork surveys},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {27 - 46},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd},
	organization = {John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd},
	address = {Chichester, UK},
	abstract = {Using maps, imagery, tidal measurements, and other historical data to assess the geomorphology of a study area prior to fieldwork helps select optimal sites, identify the most effective field methods to test research hypotheses, highlight the primary geomorphic processes, and may provide preliminary estimates of sea-level change. Here, I review the common types of data useful for pre-fieldwork surveys in sea-level research and discuss the many benefits of assessing the geomorphology of a site in advance of fieldwork. I also review briefly some case studies where historical data led to new directions in research and a scientific breakthrough.},
	keywords = {aerial photography, barrier island, bathymetric data, beach ridge, coastal geomorphology, geomorphological map, LiDAR, nautical chart, remote sensing, satellite imagery},
	isbn = {9781118452585},
	doi = {10.1002/978111845254710.1002/9781118452547.ch3},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9781118452547.ch3},
	author = {Witter, Robert C.},
	editor = {Shennan, Ian and Long, Antony J. and Horton, Benjamin P.}
}
@article {2494,
	title = {Relative sea-level change in Connecticut (USA) during the last 2200 yrs},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {428},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-10-2015},
	pages = {217 - 229},
	abstract = {We produced a relative sea-level (RSL) reconstruction from Connecticut (USA) spanning the last \~{}2200 yrs that is free from the influence of sediment compaction. The reconstruction used a suite of vertically- and laterally-ordered sediment samples <=2 cm above bedrock that were collected by excavating a trench along an evenly-sloped bedrock surface. Paleomarsh elevation was reconstructed using a regional-scale transfer function trained on the modern distribution of foraminifera on Long Island Sound salt marshes and supported by bulk-sediment δ13C measurements. The history of sediment accumulation was estimated using an age-elevation model constrained by radiocarbon dates and recognition of pollution horizons of known age. The RSL reconstruction was combined with regional tide-gauge measurements spanning the last \~{}150 yrs before being quantitatively analyzed using an error-in-variables integrated Gaussian process model to identify sea-level trends with formal and appropriate treatment of uncertainty and the temporal distribution of data. RSL rise was stable (\~{}1 mm/yr) from \~{}200 BCE to \~{}1000 CE, slowed to a minimum rate of rise (0.41 mm/yr) at \~{}1400 CE, and then accelerated continuously to reach a current rate of 3.2 mm/yr, which is the fastest, century-scale rate of the last 2200 yrs. Change point analysis identified that modern rates of rise in Connecticut began at 1850{\textendash}1886 CE. This timing is synchronous with changes recorded at other sites on the U.S. Atlantic coast and is likely the local expression of a global sea-level change. Earlier sea-level trends show coherence north of Cape Hatteras that are contrasted with southern sites. This pattern may represent centennial-scale variability in the position and/or strength of the Gulf Stream. Comparison of the new record to three existing and reanalyzed RSL reconstructions from the same site developed using sediment cores indicates that compaction is unlikely to significantly distort RSL reconstructions produced from shallow (\~{}2{\textendash}3 m thick) sequences of salt-marsh peat.},
	keywords = {Atlantic Ocean, Foraminifera, Gulf Stream, Late Holocene, Salt marsh},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2015.07.034},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012821X15004690http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0012821X15004690?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0012821X15004690?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C. and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Vane, Christopher H. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Hill, Troy D. and Anisfeld, Shimon C. and Parnell, Andrew C. and Cahill, Niamh}
}
@article {2596,
	title = {A sea-level database for the Pacific coast of central North America},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-04-2015},
	pages = {78 - 92},
	abstract = {A database of published and new relative sea-level (RSL) data for the past 16 ka constrains the sea-level histories of the Pacific coast of central North America (southern British Columbia to central California). Our reevaluation of the stratigraphic context and radiocarbon age of sea-level indicators from geological and archaeological investigations yields 600 sea-level index points and 241 sea-level limiting points. We subdivided the database into 12 regions based on the availability of data, tectonic setting, and distance from the former Cordilleran ice sheet. Most index (95\%) and limiting points (54\%) are <7 ka; older data come mainly from British Columbia and San Francisco Bay. The stratigraphic position of points was used as a first-order assessment of compaction. Formerly glaciated areas show variable RSL change; where data are present, highstands of RSL occur immediately post-deglaciation and in the mid to late Holocene. Sites at the periphery and distant to formerly glaciated areas demonstrate a continuous rise in RSL with a decreasing rate through time due to the collapse of the peripheral forebulge and the reduction in meltwater input during deglaciation. Late Holocene RSL change varies spatially from falling at 0.7 {\textpm} 0.8 mm a-1 in southern British Columbia to rising at 1.5 {\textpm} 0.3 mm a-1 in California. The different sea-level histories are an ongoing isostatic response to deglaciation of the Cordilleran and Laurentide Ice Sheets.},
	keywords = {Cascadia subduction zone, Glacial isostatic adjustment, Holocene, Pacific North America, Sea-level database},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.12.001},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.12.001},
	author = {Engelhart, Simon E. and Vacchi, Matteo and Horton, Benjamin P. and Nelson, Alan R. and Kopp, Robert E.}
}
@article {56,
	title = {Late Holocene sea- and land-level change on the U.S. southeastern Atlantic coast},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {357},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {90-100},
	abstract = {Late Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) reconstructions can be used to estimate rates of land-level (subsidence or uplift) change and therefore to modify global sea-level projections for regional conditions. These reconstructions also provide the long-term benchmark against which modern trends are compared and an opportunity to understand the response of sea level to past climate variability. To address a spatial absence of late Holocene data in Florida and Georgia, we reconstructed ~ 1.3 m of RSL rise in northeastern Florida (USA) during the past ~ 2600 years using plant remains and foraminifera in a dated core of high salt-marsh sediment. The reconstruction was fused with tide-gauge data from nearby Fernandina Beach, which measured 1.91 {\textpm} 0.26 mm/year of RSL rise since 1900 CE. The average rate of RSL rise prior to 1800 CE was 0.41 {\textpm} 0.08 mm/year. Assuming negligible change in global mean sea level from meltwater input/removal and thermal expansion/contraction, this sea-level history approximates net land-level (subsidence and geoid) change, principally from glacio-isostatic adjustment. Historic rates of rise commenced at 1850{\textendash}1890 CE and it is virtually certain (P = 0.99) that the average rate of 20th century RSL rise in northeastern Florida was faster than during any of the preceding 26 centuries. The linearity of RSL rise in Florida is in contrast to the variability reconstructed at sites further north on the U.S. Atlantic coast and may suggest a role for ocean dynamic effects in explaining these more variable RSL reconstructions. Comparison of the difference between reconstructed rates of late Holocene RSL rise and historic trends measured by tide gauges indicates that 20th century sea-level trends along the U.S. Atlantic coast were not dominated by the characteristic spatial fingerprint of melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2014.07.010},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322714002187},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C. and Bernhardt, Christopher E. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Kopp, Robert E. and Vane, Christopher H. and Peltier, W. Richard and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Parnell, Andrew C. and Cahill, Niamh}
}
@article {2497,
	title = {Late Holocene sea- and land-level change on the U.S. southeastern Atlantic coast},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {357},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-11-2014},
	pages = {90 - 100},
	abstract = {Late Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) reconstructions can be used to estimate rates of land-level (subsidence or uplift) change and therefore to modify global sea-level projections for regional conditions. These reconstructions also provide the long-term benchmark against which modern trends are compared and an opportunity to understand the response of sea level to past climate variability. To address a spatial absence of late Holocene data in Florida and Georgia, we reconstructed ~ 1.3 m of RSL rise in northeastern Florida (USA) during the past ~ 2600 years using plant remains and foraminifera in a dated core of high salt-marsh sediment. The reconstruction was fused with tide-gauge data from nearby Fernandina Beach, which measured 1.91 {\textpm} 0.26 mm/year of RSL rise since 1900 CE. The average rate of RSL rise prior to 1800 CE was 0.41 {\textpm} 0.08 mm/year. Assuming negligible change in global mean sea level from meltwater input/removal and thermal expansion/contraction, this sea-level history approximates net land-level (subsidence and geoid) change, principally from glacio-isostatic adjustment. Historic rates of rise commenced at 1850{\textendash}1890 CE and it is virtually certain (P = 0.99) that the average rate of 20th century RSL rise in northeastern Florida was faster than during any of the preceding 26 centuries. The linearity of RSL rise in Florida is in contrast to the variability reconstructed at sites further north on the U.S. Atlantic coast and may suggest a role for ocean dynamic effects in explaining these more variable RSL reconstructions. Comparison of the difference between reconstructed rates of late Holocene RSL rise and historic trends measured by tide gauges indicates that 20th century sea-level trends along the U.S. Atlantic coast were not dominated by the characteristic spatial fingerprint of melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet.},
	keywords = {florida, Foraminifera, Glacio-isostatic adjustment Greenland fingerprint, Salt marsh},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2014.07.010},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025322714002187http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0025322714002187?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0025322714002187?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C. and Bernhardt, Christopher E. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Kopp, Robert E. and Vane, Christopher H. and Peltier, W. Richard and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Parnell, Andrew C. and Cahill, Niamh}
}
@article {2590,
	title = {Heterogeneous rupture in the great Cascadia earthquake of 1700 inferred from coastal subsidence estimates},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth},
	volume = {118},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-05-2013},
	pages = {2460 - 2473},
	abstract = {Past earthquake rupture models used to explain paleoseismic estimates of coastal subsidence during the great A.D. 1700 Cascadia earthquake have assumed a uniform slip distribution along the megathrust. Here we infer heterogeneous slip for the Cascadia margin in A.D. 1700 that is analogous to slip distributions during instrumentally recorded great subduction earthquakes worldwide. The assumption of uniform distribution in previous rupture models was due partly to the large uncertainties of then available paleoseismic data used to constrain the models. In this work, we use more precise estimates of subsidence in 1700 from detailed tidal microfossil studies. We develop a 3-D elastic dislocation model that allows the slip to vary both along strike and in the dip direction. Despite uncertainties in the updip and downdip slip extensions, the more precise subsidence estimates are best explained by a model with along-strike slip heterogeneity, with multiple patches of high-moment release separated by areas of low-moment release. For example, in A.D. 1700, there was very little slip near Alsea Bay, Oregon (~44.4{\textdegree}N), an area that coincides with a segment boundary previously suggested on the basis of gravity anomalies. A probable subducting seamount in this area may be responsible for impeding rupture during great earthquakes. Our results highlight the need for more precise, high-quality estimates of subsidence or uplift during prehistoric earthquakes from the coasts of southern British Columbia, northern Washington (north of 47{\textdegree}N), southernmost Oregon, and northern California (south of 43{\textdegree}N), where slip distributions of prehistoric earthquakes are poorly constrained.},
	doi = {10.1002/jgrb.50101},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgrb.50101},
	author = {Wang, Pei-Ling and Engelhart, Simon E. and Wang, Kelin and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Nelson, Alan R. and Witter, Robert C.}
}
@article {98,
	title = {Sea-level change during the last 2500 years in New Jersey, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {81},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {90-104},
	abstract = {Relative sea-level changes during the last \~{}2500 years in New Jersey, USA were reconstructed to test if late Holocene sea level was stable or included persistent and distinctive phases of variability. Foraminifera and bulk-sediment δ13C values were combined to reconstruct paleomarsh elevation with decimeter precision from sequences of salt-marsh sediment at two sites using a multi-proxy approach. The additional paleoenvironmental information provided by bulk-sediment δ13C values reduced vertical uncertainty in the sea-level reconstruction by about one third of that estimated from foraminifera alone using a transfer function. The history of sediment deposition was constrained by a composite chronology. An age{\textendash}depth model developed for each core enabled reconstruction of sea level with multi-decadal resolution. Following correction for land-level change (1.4 mm/yr), four successive and sustained (multi-centennial) sea-level trends were objectively identified and quantified (95\% confidence interval) using error-in-variables change point analysis to account for age and sea-level uncertainties. From at least 500 BC to 250 AD, sea-level fell at 0.11 mm/yr. The second period saw sea-level rise at 0.62 mm/yr from 250 AD to 733 AD. Between 733 AD and 1850 AD, sea level fell at 0.12 mm/yr. The reconstructed rate of sea-level rise since \~{}1850 AD was 3.1 mm/yr and represents the most rapid period of change for at least 2500 years. This trend began between 1830 AD and 1873 AD. Since this change point, reconstructed sea-level rise is in agreement with regional tide-gauge records and exceeds the global average estimate for the 20th century. These positive and negative departures from background rates demonstrate that the late Holocene sea level was not stable in New Jersey.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.09.024},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379113003740},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Vane, Christopher H. and Bernhardt, Christopher E. and Corbett, D. Reide and Engelhart, Simon E. and Anisfeld, Shimon C. and Parnell, Andrew C. and Cahill, Niamh}
}
@article {218,
	title = {Micropaleontologic record of Quaternary paleoenvironments in the Central Albemarle Embayment, North Carolina, U.S.A},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {305},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2182},
	pages = {227-249},
	abstract = {To understand the temporal and spatial variation of eustatic sea-level fluctuations, glacio{\textendash}hydro{\textendash}isostacy, tectonics, subsidence, geologic environments and sedimentation patterns for the Quaternary of a passive continental margin, a nearly complete stratigraphic record that is fully integrated with a three dimensional chronostratigraphic framework, and paleoenvironmental information are necessary. The Albemarle Embayment, a Cenozoic regional depositional basin in eastern North Carolina located on the southeast Atlantic coast of the USA, is an ideal setting to unravel these dynamic, interrelated processes. Micropaleontological data, coupled with sedimentologic, chronostratigraphic and seismic data provide the bases for detailed interpretations of paleoenvironmental evolution and paleoclimates in the 90 m thick Quaternary record of the Albemarle Embayment. The data presented here come from a transect of cores drilled through a barrier island complex in the central Albemarle Embayment. This area sits in a ramp-like setting between late Pleistocene incised valleys. The data document the episodic infilling of the Albemarle Embayment throughout the Quaternary as a series of transgressive{\textendash}regressive (T{\textendash}R) cycles, characterized by inner shelf, midshelf, and shoreface assemblages, that overlie remnants of fluvial to estuarine valley-fill. Barrier island and marginal marine deposits have a low preservation potential. Inner to mid-shelf deposits of the early Pleistocene are overlain by similar middle Pleistocene shelf sediments in the south of the study area but entirely by inner shelf deposits in the north. Late Pleistocene marine sediments are of inner shelf origin and Holocene deposits are marginal marine in nature. Pleistocene marine sediments are incised, particularly in the northern half of the embayment by lowstand paleovalleys, partly filled by fluvial/floodplain deposits and in some cases, overlain by remnants of transgressive estuarine sediments. The shallowing through time of Quaternary sediments reflects the eastward progradational geometry of the continental shelf. The preservation potential of marginal marine deposits (barrier island, shoreface, backbarrier deposits) is not high, except in topographic lows associated with late Pleistocene paleovalleys and inlets because the current interglacial highstand has not yet reached its highest level. Given the documented increase in rate of relative sea-level rise in this region, shallow marine conditions are likely to return to the central Albemarle Embayment in the near future.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.03.004},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018211001143},
	author = {Culver, Stephen J. and Farrell, Kathleen M. and Mallinson, David J. and Willard, Debra A. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Riggs, Stanley R. and Thieler, E. Robert and Wehmiller, John F. and Parham, Peter and Snyder, Scott W. and Hillier, Caroline}
}
@article {210,
	title = {Rapid Holocene coastal change revealed by high-resolution micropaleontological analysis, Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2164},
	pages = {319-334},
	abstract = {Foraminiferal analyses of 404 contiguous samples, supported by diatom, lithologic, geochronologic and seismic data, reveal both rapid and gradual Holocene paleoenvironmental changes in an 8.21-m vibracore taken from southern Pamlico Sound, North Carolina. Data record initial flooding of a latest Pleistocene river drainage and the formation of an estuary 9000 yr ago. Estuarine conditions were punctuated by two intervals of marine influence from approximately 4100 to 3700 and 1150 to 500 cal yr BP. Foraminiferal assemblages in the muddy sand facies that accumulated during these intervals contain many well-preserved benthic foraminiferal species, which occur today in open marine settings as deep as the mid shelf, and significant numbers of well-preserved planktonic foraminifera, some typical of Gulf Stream waters. We postulate that these marine-influenced units resulted from temporary destruction of the southern Outer Banks barrier islands by hurricanes. The second increase in marine influence is coeval with increased rate of sea-level rise and a peak in Atlantic tropical cyclone activity during the Medieval Climate Anomaly. This high-resolution analysis demonstrates the range of environmental variability and the rapidity of coastal change that can result from the interplay of changing climate, sea level and geomorphology in an estuarine setting.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2011.06.012},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589411000883},
	author = {Grand Pre, Candace and Culver, Stephen J. and Mallinson, David J. and Farrell, Kathleen M. and Corbett, D. Reide and Horton, Benjamin P. and Hillier, Caroline and Riggs, Stanley R. and Snyder, Scott W. and Buzas, Martin A.}
}
@article { ISI:000297458300001,
	title = {Stratigraphic record of Holocene coseismic subsidence, Padang, West Sumatra},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2011},
	month = {NOV 23},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Stratigraphic evidence is found for two coseismic subsidence events that underlie a floodplain 20 km south of Padang, West Sumatra along the Mentawai segment (0.5 S- 0.3 S) of the Sunda subduction zone. Each earthquake is marked by a sharp soil-mud contact that represents a sudden change from mangrove to tidal flat. The earthquakes occurred about 4000 and 3000 cal years B.P. based on radiocarbon ages of detrital plant fragments and seeds. The absence of younger paleoseismic evidence suggests that late Holocene relative sea level fall left the floodplain too high for an earthquake to lower it into the intertidal zone. Our results point to a brief, few thousand year window of preservation of subsidence events in tidal-wetland stratigraphic sequences, a result that is generally applicable to other emergent coastlines of West Sumatra.},
	issn = {2169-9313},
	doi = {10.1029/2011JB008205},
	author = {Dura, Tina and Rubin, Charles M. and Kelsey, Harvey M. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Hawkes, Andrea and Vane, Christopher H. and Daryono, Mudrik and Pre, Candace Grand and Ladinsky, Tyler and Bradley, Sarah}
}
@article {277,
	title = {Spatial variability of late Holocene and 20th century sea-level rise along the Atlantic coast of the United States},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1872Y},
	pages = {1115-1118},
	issn = {0091-7613 1943-2682},
	doi = {10.1130/G30360A.1},
	author = {Engelhart, Simon E. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Douglas, Bruce C. and Peltier, W. Richard and T{\"o}rnqvist, Torbj{\"o}rn E.}
}
