@article {2776,
	title = {Identifying the Greatest Earthquakes of the Past 2000 Years at the Nehalem River Estuary, Northern Oregon Coast, USA},
	journal = {Open Quaternary},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Feb-01-2021},
	abstract = {We infer a history of three great megathrust earthquakes during the past 2000 years at the Nehalem River estuary based on the lateral extent of sharp (<=3 mm) peat-mud stratigraphic contacts in cores and outcrops, coseismic subsidence as interpreted from fossil diatom assemblages and reconstructed with foraminiferal assemblages using a Bayesian transfer function, and regional correlation of 14C-modeled ages for the times of subsidence. A subsidence contact from 1700 CE (contact A), sometimes overlain by tsunami-deposited sand, can be traced over distances of 7 km. Contacts B and D, which record subsidence during two earlier megathrust earthquakes, are much less extensive but are traced across a 700-m by 270-m tidal marsh. Although some other Cascadia studies report evidence for an earthquake between contacts B and D, our lack of extensive evidence for such an earthquake may result from the complexities of preserving identifiable evidence of it in the rapidly shifting shoreline environments of the lower river and bay. Ages (95\% intervals) and subsidence for contacts are: A, 1700 CE (1.1 {\textpm} 0.5 m); B, 942{\textendash}764 cal a BP (0.7 {\textpm} 0.4 m and 1.0 m {\textpm} 0.4 m); and D, 1568{\textendash}1361 cal a BP (1.0 m {\textpm} 0.4 m). Comparisons of contact subsidence and the degree of overlap of their modeled ages with ages for other Cascadia sites are consistent with megathrust ruptures many hundreds of kilometers long. But these data cannot conclusively distinguish among different types or lengths of ruptures recorded by the three great earthquake contacts at the Nehalem River estuary.},
	keywords = {Bayesian transfer function, Cascadia subduction zone, Coseismic subsidence, earthquake hazards, Paleoseismology, salt-marsh stratigraphy, Sea-level changes, tidal foraminifera and diatoms},
	doi = {10.5334/oq.70},
	url = {http://www.openquaternary.com/articles/10.5334/oq.70/},
	author = {Nelson, Alan R. and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Sawai, Yuki and Engelhart, Simon E. and Witter, Rob and Grant-Walter, Wendy C. and Bradley, Lee-Ann and Dura, Tina and Cahill, Niamh and Horton, Ben}
}
@article {2829,
	title = {Relative sea-level trends in New York City during the past 1500 years},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Sep-08-2017},
	pages = {1169 - 1186},
	abstract = {New York City (NYC) is threatened by 21st-century relative sea-level (RSL) rise because it will experience a trend that exceeds the global mean and has high concentrations of low-lying infrastructure and socioeconomic activity. To provide a long-term context for anticipated trends, we reconstructed RSL change during the past ~1500 years using a core of salt-marsh sediment from Pelham Bay in The Bronx. Foraminifera and bulk-sediment δ13C values were used as sea-level indicators. The history of sediment accumulation was established by radiocarbon dating and recognition of pollution and land-use trends of known age in down-core elemental, isotopic, and pollen profiles. The reconstruction was generated within a Bayesian hierarchical model to accommodate multiple proxies and to provide a unified statistical framework for quantifying uncertainty. We show that RSL in NYC rose by ~1.70 m since ~575 CE (including ~0.38 m since 1850 CE). The rate of RSL rise increased markedly at 1812{\textendash}1913 CE from ~1.0 to ~2.5 mm/yr, which coincides with other reconstructions along the US Atlantic coast. We investigated the possible influence of tidal-range change in Long Island Sound on our reconstruction using a regional tidal model, and we demonstrate that this effect was likely small. However, future tidal-range change could exacerbate the impacts of RSL rise in communities bordering Long Island Sound. The current rate of RSL rise is the fastest that NYC has experienced for >1500 years, and its ongoing acceleration suggests that projections of 21st-century local RSL rise will be realized.},
	keywords = {Bayesian transfer function, carbon isotope, Foraminifera, Salt marsh, sedimentation, The Bronx},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683616683263},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683616683263},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C and Hill, Troy D and Vane, Christopher H and Cahill, Niamh and Orton, Philip M and Talke, Stefan A and Parnell, Andrew C and Sanborn, Kelsey and Hartig, Ellen K}
}
