@article {788,
	title = {Climatically Linked Carbon-Isotope Variation during the Past 430,000 Years in Southern-Ocean Sediments},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Rd382Times Cited:54Cited References Count:43},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {171-177},
	abstract = {We use the isotopic composition of carbon from organic matter enclosed within diatom frustules as a proxy for paleoproductivity and paleo-dissolved carbon dioxide concentrations in ocean surface waters. A Southern Ocean record from south of the Antarctic Polar Front and spanning 430,000 years of carbon isotopic variation in diatomaceous organic matter is presented for the first time. The most refractory diatomaceous organic matter fraction was extracted and analyzed to avoid problems associated with diagenesis. The results clearly indicate cyclic changes in organic carbon isotopic ratios, with C-13 depleted values associated with all of the last five glacial periods, reflecting changes in surface water properties and primary productivity. Changes in dissolved carbon dioxide concentrations are the most probable cause of these cycles, but the possible effect of seawater pH changes cannot be excluded.},
	issn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/94pa03319},
	author = {Singer, A. J. and Shemesh, A.}
}
@article {789,
	title = {Late Pleistocene Oxygen-Isotope Records of Biogenic Silica from the Atlantic Sector of the Southern-Ocean},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Rd382Times Cited:82Cited References Count:23},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {179-196},
	abstract = {We determined the isotopic composition of oxygen in marine diatoms in eight deepsea cores recovered from the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. The analytical reproducibility and core-to-core consistency of the isotopic signal suggests that diatom delta(18)O can be used as a new paleocenographic tool to reconstruct past variations in surface water characteristics and to generate O-18 -isotope-based stratigraphy for the Southern Ocean. The data indicate that diatom delta(18)O reflects sea surface temperature and seawater isotopic composition and that diatoms retain their isotopic signal on timescales of a least 430 ka. The delta(18)O analyses of different diatom assemblages reveal that the isotopic signal is free of species effects and that the common Antarctic species have the same water-opal fractionation. The transition from the last glacial maximum (LGM) to the Holocene is fully recorded in high sedimentation rate cores. An O-18 enrichment during the LGM, a post-LGM meltwater spike and an input of meltwater during the late Holocene are the main isotopic features observed in down core records. The origin of this meltwater was very likely melting icebergs and/or continental ice or by melting sea ice that had accumulated snow. The most pronounced meltwater effects are recorded in cores that are associated with the Weddel gyre. Our results provide the basis for extending isotope studies to oceanic regions devoid of carbonate; further, isotopic stratigraphies may be constructed for records and regions where they were previously not possible.},
	issn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/94pa03060},
	author = {Shemesh, A. and Burckle, L. H. and Hays, J. D.}
}
