@mastersthesis {1321, title = {Late Quaternary sea-level lowstand environments and chronology of outer Saco Bay, Maine}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {134}, school = {University of Maine}, address = {Orono, ME}, author = {Lee, K.} } @article {1525, title = {Global ocean data analysis project (GLODAP): Results and data, ORNL/CDIAC-145, NDP-145}, year = {2005}, note = {id: 529}, month = {2005}, pages = {81 pp.}, author = {Sabine, C. L. and Key, R. M. and Kozyr, A. and Feely, R. A. and Wanninkhof, R. and Millero, F. J. and Peng, T. H. and Bullister, J. L. and Lee, K.} } @article {2045, title = {A global ocean carbon climatology: Results from global data analysis project (GLODAP)}, journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles}, volume = {18}, year = {2004}, note = {id: 527}, month = {2004}, author = {Kay, R. M. and Kozyr, A. and Sabine, C. L. and Lee, K. and Wanninkhof, R. and Bullister, J. L. and Feely, R. A. and Millero, F. J. and Mordy, C. and Peng, T. H.} } @article {2085, title = {Calcium carbonate budget in the Atlantic Ocean based on water column inorganic carbon chemistry}, journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles}, volume = {17}, year = {2003}, note = {732egTimes Cited:44 Cited References Count:73 }, month = {Oct 9}, abstract = {[1] Recent independent lines of evidence suggest that the dissolution of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles is substantial in the upper ocean above the calcite 100\% saturation horizon. This shallow-water dissolution of carbonate particles is in contrast with the current paradigm of the conservative nature of pelagic CaCO3 at shallow water depths. Here we use more than 20,000 sets of carbon measurements in conjunction with CFC and C-14 data from the WOCE/JGOFS/OACES global CO2 survey to estimate in situ dissolution rates of CaCO3 in the Atlantic Ocean. A dissolution rate is estimated from changes in alkalinity as a parcel of water ages along an isopycnal surface. The in situ CaCO3 dissolution increases rapidly at the aragonite 100\% saturation horizon. Estimated dissolution rates north of 40degreesN are generally higher than the rates to the south, which is partly attributable to the production of exported CaCO3 being higher in the North Atlantic than in the South Atlantic. As more CaCO3 particles move down the water column, more particles are available for in situ dissolution. The total water column CaCO3 dissolution rate in the Atlantic Ocean is determined on an annual basis by integrating estimated dissolution rates throughout the entire water column and correcting for alkalinity input of approximately 5.6 x 10(12) mol C yr(-1) from CaCO3-rich sediments. The resulting water column dissolution rate of CaCO3 for the Atlantic Ocean is approximately 11.1 x 10(12) mol C yr(-1). This corresponds to about 31\% of a recent estimate (35.8 x 10(12) mol C yr(-1)) of net CaCO3 production by Lee [2001] for the same area. Our calculation using a large amount of high-quality water column alkalinity data provides the first basin-scale estimate of the CaCO3 budget for the Atlantic Ocean.}, keywords = {alkalinity, anthropogenic co2, caco3 dissolution, calcium carbonate budget, chemical lysocline, Deep-sea, dioxide system, dissociation-constants, dissolution kinetics, dissolution of calcium carbonate, eastern north-atlantic, ocean carbon cycle, organic-carbon, pacific-ocean, saturation state of seawater}, isbn = {0886-6236}, doi = {10.1029/2002GB002001}, author = {Chung, S. N. and Lee, K. and Feely, R. A. and Sabine, C. L. and Millero, F. J. and Wanninkhof, R. and Bullister, J. L. and Key, R. M. and Peng, T. H.} } @article {2120, title = {In situ calcium carbonate dissolution in the Pacific Ocean}, journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles}, volume = {16}, year = {2002}, note = {649rqTimes Cited:86 Cited References Count:60 }, month = {Dec 31}, abstract = {Over the past several years researchers have been working to synthesize the WOCE/JGOFS global CO(2) survey data to better understand carbon cycling processes in the oceans. The Pacific Ocean data set has over 35,000 sample locations with at least two carbon parameters, oxygen, nutrients, CFC tracers, and hydrographic parameters. In this paper we estimate the in situ CaCO(3) dissolution rates in the Pacific Ocean water column. Calcium carbonate dissolution rates ranging from 0.01-1.1 mumol kg(-1) yr(-1) are observed in intermediate and deepwater beginning near the aragonite saturation horizon. In the North Pacific Intermediate Water between 400 and 800 m, CaCO(3) dissolution rates are more than 7 times faster than observed in middle and deep water depths (average=0.051 m mol kg(-1) yr(-1)). The total amount of CaCO(3) that is dissolved within the Pacific is determined by integrating excess alkalinity throughout the water column. The total inventory of CaCO(3) added by particle dissolution in the Pacific Ocean, north of 40degreesS, is 157 Pg C. This amounts to an average dissolution rate of approximately 0.31 Pg C yr(-1). This estimate is approximately 74\% of the export production of CaCO(3) estimated for the Pacific Ocean. These estimates should be considered to be upper limits for in situ carbonate dissolution in the Pacific Ocean, since a portion of the alkalinity increase results from inputs from sediments.}, keywords = {anthropogenic co(2), anthropogenic co2, aragonite saturation, atmospheric carbon, caco(3) dissolution, calcite saturation, carbonate lysocline, chemical lysocline, coccolithophore emiliania-huxleyi, indian-ocean, north pacific, organic-matter, Pacific Ocean, panama basin, particulate matter}, isbn = {0886-6236}, doi = {10.1029/2002GB001866}, author = {Feely, R. A. and Sabine, C. L. and Lee, K. and Millero, F. J. and Lamb, M. F. and Greeley, D. and Bullister, J. L. and Key, R. M. and Peng, T. H. and Kozyr, A. and Ono, T. and Wong, C. S.} } @conference {1695, title = {Multiple anthropogenic tracer distributions in the ocean}, booktitle = {Sixth International CO2 Conference}, year = {2001}, note = {id: 319}, month = {2001}, address = {Sendai, Japan}, author = {Sabine, C. L. and Key, R. M. and Bullister, J. L. and Feely, R. A. and Lamb, M. F. and Millero, F. J. and Wanninkhof, R. and Peng, T. H. and Lee, K. and Kozyr, A. and Gruber, N.} }