@article {17,
	title = {Multiproxy record of monsoon variability from the Ganga Plain during 400{\textendash}1200 A.D},
	journal = {Updated Quaternary Climatic Research in parts of the Third Pole Selected papers from the HOPE-2013 conference, Nainital, India},
	volume = {371},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {157-163},
	abstract = {Understanding on the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) variability is chiefly based upon the marine proxies and a few continental records. The Ganga Plain, one of the most densely populated regions of the world marked by intensive cultivation of monsoon dependent crops and a rich cultural history, is not yet well understood in the context of monsoon variability. We present here a 400{\textendash}1200 A.D. AMS radiocarbon dated record of Ropan Chhapra tal in the Central Ganga Plain using sedimentology, environmental magnetism, and stable isotope of oxygen for ISM variability. The environmental magnetic parameters (χlf, χARM, SIRM/χlf, S-Ratio, B(0)CR and HIRM) inferred antiferromagnetic mineralogy (hematite and/or goethite) independent of grain size variation during 400{\textendash}900 A.D., depicting climate variability within warm humid to warm arid conditions favouring stronger ISM seasonality. Prevalence of ferrimagnetic mineralogy under less oxygenated conditions intermittently demonstrates an altered catchment regime or possibly in response to stronger winter monsoon. The higher δ18O values around 500, 580 and 740 A.D. indicate warm and arid conditions under weak ISM. The lower δ18O values around 480, 540 and 700 A.D. and from 900 to 1200 A.D. occur during warm and humid conditions indicating maximum intensity of the ISM. Increased silt content from 800 A.D. onwards is due to increased surface runoff in response to enhanced precipitation, and the higher clay percentage around 500, 580 and 740 indicates low-energy (ponding) conditions under weak ISM. The well sorted nature of sediment indicates consistency of the lacustrine environments under fairly uniform energy and constant bottom water conditions, under varied monsoonal intensity. Combinations of sediment textures and stable isotope indicate intense ISM at \~{}480 and \~{}540 A.D. with flooding around \~{}700 A.D. and a weak monsoon at 580 and 740 A.D., with drought at 500 A.D. During \~{}900{\textendash}1200 A.D. the multiproxy record suggests strong summer monsoon synchronous with Medieval Warm Period (MWP), whereas after 1200 A.D. the weak monsoon phase coincides with the onset of the Little Ice Age (LIA).},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2015.02.040},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618215001470},
	author = {Singh, Dhruv Sen and Gupta, Anil K. and Sangode, S. J. and Clemens, Steven C. and Prakasam, M. and Srivastava, Priyeshu and Prajapati, Shailendra K.}
}
@article {208,
	title = {East{\textendash}West similarities and differences in the surface and deep northern Arabian Sea records during the past 21 Kyr},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {301},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2100},
	pages = {75-85},
	abstract = {This study analyses monsoon proxy Globigerina bulloides from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 723A (western Arabian Sea) and Hole ABP-25, 02 (northeastern Arabian Sea) as well as dominant benthic foraminifera, pteropods, total organic carbon (TOC), Inorganic Carbon (IC) and stable isotope values of benthic foraminifera from Hole ABP-25, 02 to understand summer monsoon-driven changes in the western and eastern Arabian Sea and their impacts on deep-sea ventilation during the past 21 Kyr. We have also combined published TOC data from ODP Hole 724B to understand if deep-sea conditions in the Arabian Sea were same throughout the region during the studied interval. The summer monsoon was generally weaker during cold intervals including the Last Glacial Maximum, the Younger Dryas and the Bond events of the Holocene. From 20 to 10 Kyr, the deep northeastern Arabian Sea was better oxygenated with less organic carbon supply except during 14{\textendash}12.5 Kyr when TOC values increased, indicating a weaker summer monsoon and a weak oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). The TOC values and the abundance of the eutrophic benthic foraminiferal species Bulimina aculeata, Melonis barleeanum and Uvigerina peregrina increased during the late Holocene whereas well-oxygenated, low organic carbon benthic species Sphaeroidina bulloides as well as pteropods decreased, indicating an intense OMZ and an increased supply of refractory organic material to the Arabian Sea. It is important to note that although the surface response to monsoon variability was more or less similar in the western and northeastern Arabian Sea, the deep-sea conditions show a marked contrast in the two regions during the past 21 Kyr.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.12.027},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018211000022},
	author = {Gupta, Anil K. and Mohan, K. and Sarkar, Sudipta and Clemens, Steven C. and Ravindra, Rasik and Uttam, Rajesh K.}
}
@article {381,
	title = {Mid-Brunhes strengthening of the Indian Ocean Dipole caused increased equatorial East African and decreased Australasian rainfall},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1966; PT: J; UT: WOS:000276025100002},
	pages = {L06706-L06706},
	abstract = {The tropical Indian Ocean is an important component of the largest warm pool, marked by changes in sea surface temperatures and depths of thermocline and mixed layer in its western and eastern extremities leading to the development of a dipole mode - the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). A narrow band of westerlies (7 degrees N to 7 degrees S) sweep the equatorial Indian Ocean during the April - May and October - November transitions between the summer - and winter-monsoon seasons. These Indian Ocean equatorial westerlies (IEW) are closely related to the IOD, intensifying the upper ocean Eastward Equatorial current also known as Wyrtki jets. The strength of the IOD/IEW determines the moisture content in East Africa. A major decrease in the strength of the IEW (strengthening or positive mode of the IOD) during the mid-Brunhes epoch (similar to 300-250 Kyr BP) coincides with a wetter equatorial East Africa, a drier Australasia and a stronger Indian summer monsoon, indicating that the IOD/IEW play a significant role in driving climate change in East Africa, Australasia and South Asia. Citation: Gupta, A. K., S. Sarkar, S. De, S. C. Clemens, and A. Velu (2010), Mid-Brunhes strengthening of the Indian Ocean Dipole caused increased equatorial East African and decreased Australasian rainfall, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L06706, doi: 10.1029/2009GL042225.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2009GL042225},
	author = {Gupta, Anil K. and Sarkar, Sudipta and De, Soma and Clemens, Steven C. and Velu, Angamuthu}
}
@article {387,
	title = {Benthic foraminiferal faunal and isotopic changes as recorded in Holocene sediments of the northwest Indian Ocean},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1964; PT: J; UT: WOS:000256362400001},
	pages = {PA2214-PA2214},
	abstract = {Historically, the Holocene has been considered an interval of relatively stable climate. However, recent studies from the northern Arabian Sea (Netherlands Indian Ocean Program 905) suggested high-amplitude climate shifts in the early and middle Holocene based on faunal and benthic isotopic proxy records. We examined benthic foraminiferal faunal and stable isotopic data from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 723 and total organic carbon data from ODP Site 724, Oman Margin (808 and 593 m water depths, respectively). At Site 723 the mid-Holocene shift in delta(18)O values of infaunal benthic species Uvigerina peregrina (1.4 parts per thousand) is 3 times larger than that of epifaunal benthic species Cibicides kullenbergi recorded at Site NIOP 905 off Somalia. However, none of the five other benthic species we measured at Hole 723A exhibits such a shift in delta(18)O. We speculate that the late Holocene delta(18)O decrease in U. peregrina represents species-specific changes in ecological habitat or food preference in response to changes in surface and deep ocean circulation. While the stable isotopic data do not appear to indicate a middle Holocene climatic shift, our total organic carbon and benthic faunal assemblage data do indicate that the early Holocene deep Arabian Sea was influenced by increased ventilation perhaps by North Atlantic Deep Water and/or Circumpolar Deep Water incursions into the Indian Ocean, leading to remineralization of organic matter and a relatively weak early Holocene oxygen minimum zone in the northwest Arabian Sea in spite of strong summer monsoon circulation.},
	issn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/2007PA001546},
	author = {Gupta, Anil K. and Das, Moumita and Clemens, Steven C. and Mukherjee, Baidehi}
}
