@article {2039,
	title = {Evaluation of ocean carbon cycle models with data-based metrics},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2004},
	note = {811adTimes Cited:110
Cited References Count:17
},
	month = {Apr 2},
	abstract = {New radiocarbon and chlorofluorocarbon-11 data from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment are used to assess a suite of 19 ocean carbon cycle models. We use the distributions and inventories of these tracers as quantitative metrics of model skill and find that only about a quarter of the suite is consistent with the new data-based metrics. This should serve as a warning bell to the larger community that not all is well with current generation of ocean carbon cycle models. At the same time, this highlights the danger in simply using the available models to represent the state-of-the-art modeling without considering the credibility of each model.},
	keywords = {anthropogenic co2, pacific-ocean, radiocarbon},
	isbn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2003GL018970},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000220743900001},
	author = {Matsumoto, K. and Sarmiento, J. L. and Key, R. M. and Aumont, O. and Bullister, J. L. and Caldeira, K. and Campin, J. M. and Doney, S. C. and Drange, H. and Dutay, J. C. and Follows, M. and Gao, Y. and Gnanadesikan, A. and Gruber, N. and Ishida, A. and Joos, F. and Lindsay, K. and Maier-Reimer, E. and Marshall, J. C. and Matear, R. J. and Monfray, P. and Mouchet, A. and Najjar, R. and Plattner, G. K. and Schlitzer, R. and Slater, R. and Swathi, P. S. and Totterdell, I. J. and Weirig, M. F. and Yamanaka, Y. and Yool, A. and Orr, J. C.}
}
@article {2052,
	title = {Oceanic ventilation and biogeochemical cycling: Understanding the physical mechanisms that produce realistic distributions of tracers and productivity},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2004},
	note = {867xpTimes Cited:66
Cited References Count:42
},
	month = {Oct 20},
	abstract = {[1] Differing models of the ocean circulation support different rates of ventilation, which in turn produce different distributions of radiocarbon, oxygen, and export production. We examine these fields within a suite of general circulation models run to examine the sensitivity of the circulation to the parameterization of subgridscale mixing and surface forcing. We find that different models can explain relatively high fractions of the spatial variance in some fields such as radiocarbon, and that newer estimates of the rate of biological cycling are in better agreement with the models than previously published estimates. We consider how different models achieve such agreement and show that they can accomplish this in different ways. For example, models with high vertical diffusion move young surface waters into the Southern Ocean, while models with high winds move more young North Atlantic water into this region. The dependence on parameter values is not simple. Changes in the vertical diffusion coefficient, for example, can produce major changes in advective fluxes. In the coarse-resolution models studied here, lateral diffusion plays a major role in the tracer budget of the deep ocean, a somewhat worrisome fact as it is poorly constrained both observationally and theoretically.},
	keywords = {Biogeochemical cycles, bottom water formation, circulation models, diffusion, particle export, pycnocline, sensitivity, Temperature, vertical exchange, weddell sea, World Ocean},
	isbn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2003GB002097},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000224876500001},
	author = {Gnanadesikan, A. and Dunne, J. P. and Key, R. M. and Matsumoto, K. and Sarmiento, J. L. and Slater, R. D. and Swathi, P. S.}
}
