@article {2872,
	title = {Shellfish, Geophytes, and Sedentism on Early Holocene Santa Rosa Island, Alta California, USA},
	journal = {The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Mar-03-2021},
	pages = {1 - 21},
	abstract = {Archaeobotanical remains recovered from a large \~{}8000-year-old-shell midden (CA-SRI-666) on Santa Rosa Island provide the first ancient plant data from this large island, shedding light on ancient patterns of plant use, subsistence, and sedentism. Faunal data from shell midden samples retrieved from three site loci contain evidence for harvesting of rocky intertidal shellfish and estuarine clams and oysters from a paleo-estuary in the vicinity. CA-SRI-666 appears to have been an Early Holocene village site occupied year round. A key to the development of early sedentary societies on the island may have been geophytes, especially Brodiaea-type corms, which provided an abundant source of carbohydrates and calories that complemented marine resources rich in fat and whole animal proteins. Our data demonstrate the value of integrating paleobotanical and zooarchaeological data from island and coastal archaeological sites to help elucidate human social, cultural, and environmental dynamics, including sedentism.},
	issn = {1556-4894},
	doi = {10.1080/15564894.2019.1579272},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15564894.2019.1579272?journalCode=uica20},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Ainis, Amira F. and Gill, Kristina M. and Jew, Nicholas P. and Reeder-Myers, Leslie A.}
}
@inbook {1401,
	title = {Exploring human subsistence at CA-SMI-575NE: An 8400-year-old shell midden on San Miguel Island, California},
	booktitle = {Exploring Methods of Faunal Analysis: Insights from California Archaeology},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2069},
	month = {2012},
	publisher = {Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press},
	organization = {Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press},
	isbn = {9781931745871},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Braje, Todd J.},
	editor = {Glassow, M.}
}
@article {133,
	title = {Re-evaluating the origins of late Pleistocene fire areas on Santa Rosa Island, California, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {78},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2301},
	pages = {353-362},
	abstract = {At the close of the Pleistocene, fire regimes in North America changed significantly in response to climate change, megafaunal extinctions, anthropogenic burning and, possibly, even an extraterrestrial impact. On California{\textquoteright}s Channel Islands, researchers have long debated the nature of late Pleistocene {\textquotedblleft}fire areas,{\textquotedblright} discrete red zones in sedimentary deposits, interpreted by some as prehistoric mammoth-roasting pits created by humans. Further research found no evidence that these red zones were cultural in origin, and two hypotheses were advanced to explain their origin: natural fires and groundwater processes. Radiocarbon dating, X-ray diffraction analysis, and identification of charcoal from six red zones on Santa Rosa Island suggest that the studied features date between ~ 27,500 and 11,400 cal yr BP and resulted from burning or heating, not from groundwater processes. Our results show that fire was a component of late Pleistocene Channel Island ecology prior to and after human colonization of the islands, with no clear evidence for increased fire frequency coincident with Paleoindian settlement, extinction of pygmy mammoths, or a proposed Younger Dryas impact event.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2012.06.006},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589412000786},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Wah, John S. and Erlandson, Jon M.}
}
@inbook {1389,
	title = {Resilience and reorganization: Archaeology and the historical ecology of California Channel Island sea mammals},
	booktitle = {Human Impacts on Seals, Sea Lions, and Sea Otters},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2068},
	month = {2011},
	publisher = {University of California Press},
	organization = {University of California Press},
	isbn = {9780520267268},
	author = {Braje, Todd J. and Rick, Torben C. and DeLong, Robert L. and Erlandson, Jon M.},
	editor = {Rick, T. C.}
}
@article {290,
	title = {Fishing from past to present: continuity and resilience of red abalone fisheries on the Channel Islands, California},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2060; PT: J; UT: WOS:000266281400008},
	pages = {906-919},
	abstract = {Archaeological data from coastal shell middens provide a window into the structure of ancient marine ecosystems and the nature of human impacts on fisheries that often span millennia. For decades Channel Island archaeologists have studied Middle Holocene shell middens visually dominated by large and often whole shells of the red abalone (Haliotis rufescens). Here we use modern ecological data, historical accounts, commercial red abalone catch records, and zooarchaeological data to examine long-term spatial and temporal variation in the productivity of red abalone fisheries on the Northern Channel Islands, California (USA). Historical patterns of abundance, in which red abalone densities increase from east to west through the islands, extend deep into the Holocene. The correlation of historical and archaeological data argue for long-term spatial continuity in productive red abalone fisheries and a resilience of abalone populations despite dramatic ecological changes and intensive human predation spanning more than 8000 years. Archaeological, historical, and ecological data suggest that California kelp forests and red abalone populations are structured by a complex combination of top-down and bottom-up controls.},
	issn = {1051-0761},
	doi = {10.1890/08-0135.1},
	author = {Braje, Todd J. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Dayton, Paul K. and Hatch, Marco B. A.}
}
@article {282,
	title = {Fishing up the Food Web?: 12,000 Years of Maritime Subsistence and Adaptive Adjustments on California{\textquoteright}s Channel Islands},
	journal = {Pacific Science},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2059; PT: J; UT: WOS:000270849400011},
	pages = {711-724},
	abstract = {Archaeologists working on California{\textquoteright}s northern Channel Islands have produced an essentially continuous record of Native American fishing and nearshore ecological changes spanning die last 12,000 years. To search for evidence of Pauly{\textquoteright}s "fishing down the foodweb" pattern typical of recent historical fisheries, we analyzed variation in the dietary importance of major marine faunal classes (shellfish, fish, marine mammals) on the islands through time. Faunal data suggest that the Island Chumash and their predecessors focused primarily on low-trophic-level shellfish during the Early and Middle Holocene, before shifting their economic focus to finfish and pinnipeds during the Late Holocene. Replicated in faunal sequences from the adjacent mainland, this trans-Holocene pattern suggests that Native Americans fished Lip the food web, a strategy that may have been more sustainable and had fewer ecological repercussions. Emerging technological data suggest, however, that some of the earliest Channel Islanders focused more heavily on higher-trophic-level animals, including marine mammals, seabirds, and waterfowl. These data emphasize the differences between the primarily subsistence-based foraging strategies of ancient Channel Islanders and the globalized market-based fisheries of modern and historic times, with important implications for understanding the long-term evolution and historical ecology of marine ecosystems.},
	issn = {0030-8870},
	doi = {10.2984/049.063.0411},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Braje, Todd J.}
}
@article {1845,
	title = {Marine shellfish harvest on Middle and Late Holocene Santa Barbara Island, California},
	journal = {California Archaeology},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2077},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {109-123},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Horton, Kristina}
}
@article {994,
	title = {Molluscs and mass harvesting in the Middle Holocene: Prey size and resource ranking on San Miguel Island, Alta California},
	journal = {California Archaeology},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2070},
	pages = {263--289},
	doi = {10.1179/cal.2009.1.2.269},
	author = {Braje, Todd J. and Erlandson, Jon M.}
}
@inbook {1402,
	title = {A Paleocoastal Shell Midden at Seal Cave (CA-SMI-604), San Miguel Island, California},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh California Islands Symposium},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2075},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {33-42},
	publisher = {Institute for Wildlife Studies},
	organization = {Institute for Wildlife Studies},
	address = {Arcata, CA},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Braje, Todd J. and Rick, Torben C. and Davis, Troy and Southon, Troy},
	editor = {Damiani, Christine C.}
}
@article {344,
	title = {A trans-Holocene archaeological record of Guadalupe fur seals (Arctocephalus townsendi) on the California coast},
	journal = {Marine Mammal Science},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 2061; PT: J; UT: WOS:000265228700018},
	pages = {487-502},
	issn = {0824-0469},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00273.x},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and DeLong, Robert L. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Braje, Todd J. and Jones, Terry L. and Kennett, Douglas J. and Wake, Thomas A. and Walker, Phillip L.}
}
@book {1372,
	title = {A canyon through time : archaeology, history, and ecology of the Tecolote Canyon area, Santa Barbara County, California},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1907},
	month = {2008},
	publisher = {University of Utah Press},
	organization = {University of Utah Press},
	address = {Salt Lake City},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Vellanoweth, Ren L.}
}
@article {305,
	title = {Dogs, humans and island ecosystems: the distribution, antiquity and ecology of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) on California{\textquoteright}s Channel Islands, USA},
	journal = {Holocene},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2063; PT: J; UT: WOS:000260339000006},
	pages = {1077-1087},
	abstract = {Archaeologists have made significant contributions to our understanding of ancient island environments, including the timing and implications of the introduction of non-native animals (pigs, chickens, rats, etc.) by humans. Here, we focus on the historical ecology and biogeography of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) on California{\textquoteright}s Channel Islands during the Holocene. Dogs are the only animal known unequivocally to have been introduced by Native Americans to the islands, but relatively little is known about their distribution, antiquity or influence on native island fauna and flora. We identified a minimum of 96 dogs from 42 archaeological sites on six of the eight islands. Dogs were present for at least 6000 years and appear to have increased in abundance through time. Our analysis suggests that dogs, along with humans and island foxes (Urocyon littoralis), would have had an impact on native animals and ecosystems, especially breeding birds and marine mammals, togs and island foxes likely competed with one another for food, however, and the impacts of dogs on island ecosystems may have been reduced by the presence of island foxes and the symbiotic relationship between dogs and humans. Dogs have been removed from all but one of the islands today, eliminating one of the few terrestrial carnivores present for most of the Holocene.},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683608095579},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Walker, Phillip L. and Willis, Lauren M. and Noah, Anna C. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Vellanoweth, Rene L. and Braje, Todd J. and Kennett, Douglas J.}
}
@article {1881,
	title = {Five Crescents from Cardwell: Context and Chronology of Chipped Stone Crescents at CA-SMI-679, San Miguel Island, California},
	journal = {Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2065},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {35-46},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Braje, Todd J.}
}
@article {1874,
	title = {Forty years later: What have we learned about the earliest human occupations of Santa Rosa Island, California?},
	journal = {North American Archaeologist},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2078},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {37-64},
	author = {Reeder, Leslie A. and Rick, Torben C. and Erlandson, Jon M.}
}
@article {486,
	title = {Human impacts on ancient shellfish: a 10,000 year record from San Miguel Island, California},
	journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2064; PT: J; UT: WOS:000257340000006},
	pages = {2144-2152},
	abstract = {We use measurements of more than 11,000 marine shells from 41 archaeological components to construct a 10,000 year record of human impacts on ancient mussel and abalone stocks on San Miguel Island, California. General reductions in the mean size of mussel and abalone shells gathered through time are attributed to growing human population and predation pressure. Based on comparison with historically documented changes in shellfish communities caused by the local extinction of sea otters in the 19th century, changes in mean shell size and the abundance of other shellfish species may have been facilitated by Native American predation on sea otters as early as 7500 years ago. Despite having measurable impacts on local ecosystems, Native Americans on San Miguel harvested huge quantities of shellfish throughout the Holocene. Such longterm harvests appear to have been sustained by an early emphasis on fishing at lower trophic levels, by periodically shifting village locations, and by intensifying the use of finfish and sea mammals through time. This pattern of "fishing up the food web" contrasts with many modern fisheries, suggesting that the study of ancient fisheries can help us better manage our own endangered coastal ecosystems. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0305-4403},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jas.2008.01.014},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Braje, Todd J. and Steinberg, Alexis and Vellanoweth, Rene L.}
}
@article {434,
	title = {Life on the edge: early maritime cultures of the Pacific Coast of North America},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2062; PT: J; SI: SI; UT: WOS:000261715500012},
	pages = {2232-2245},
	abstract = {A variety of evidence suggests that the Americas may have been colonized, at least in part, by maritime peoples moving around the North Pacific Rim near the end of the Pleistocene. Understanding the geography of late glacial and early postglacial landscapes and the antiquity of human societies along the Pacific Coast continues to be a challenge, however, due to geological dynamics associated with glaciation, tectonism, submergence of coastal lowland landscapes by rising postglacial seas, and coastal erosion. Nonetheless, archaeological research has Pushed back the antiquity of human settlement along the Pacific Coast of North America to the terminal Pleistocene or early Holocene, providing important new data on the nature of the earliest coastal peoples in the Pacific Northwest, Alta California, and Baja California. In this paper, we summarize what is known about the earliest peoples of the Pacific Coast of North America and evaluate the Current viability of the coastal migration theory via a Pacific Rim route. Archaeological evidence now shows that Palaeocoastal peoples occupied each major region of the Pacific Coast by at least 13,000-11,500 calendar years ago (cal BP) (13-11.5 ka), essentially contemporaneous with Clovis and Folsom peoples of the interior. Although it is too early to conclude that the initial human colonization of the Americas took place via a migration by maritime or coastal peoples, it seems increasingly likely that such a migration played a role in the early peopling of the Americas. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.08.014},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Moss, Madonna L. and Des Lauriers, Matthew}
}
@article {1873,
	title = {Sex and Symbolism: A Middle Holocene Phallic Artifact from Santa Rosa Island, California},
	journal = {Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2066},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {47-52},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Wolff, Christopher B.}
}
@article {995,
	title = {Shell and Bone Artifacts from Two Middle Holocene Red Abalone Middens on San Miguel Island},
	journal = {Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2067},
	pages = {53-66},
	author = {Braje, Todd J. and Erlandson, Jon M.}
}
@article {1906,
	title = {Early Maritime Technology on California{\textquoteright}s San Miguel Island: Arena Points from},
	journal = {Current Research in the Pleistocene},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 2071},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {85},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Braje, Todd}
}
@inbook {1455,
	title = {Historical ecology and human impacts on coastal ecosystems of the Santa Barbara Channel region, California},
	booktitle = {Ancient Human Impacts on Marine Environments: A Global Perspective},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 577},
	month = {2007},
	publisher = {University of California Press},
	organization = {University of California Press},
	address = {Berkeley},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Braje, Todd J. and Estes, James and Graham, Michael and Vellanoweth, Rene},
	editor = {Rick, T. C.}
}
@inbook {1403,
	title = {One if by land, two if by sea: who were the first Californians?},
	booktitle = {California Prehistory:Colonization, Culture and Complexity},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 2081},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {53-62},
	publisher = {AltaMira Press},
	organization = {AltaMira Press},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Jones, Terry L. and Porcasi, Judith},
	editor = {Jones, Terry L.}
}
@article {1914,
	title = {A 6,000 year old red abalone midden from Otter Point, San Miguel Island, California},
	journal = {North American Archaeologist},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1090},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {69-90},
	author = {Vellanoweth, Rene L. and Rick, Torben C. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Reynolds, Gnessa}
}
@article {2000,
	title = {Beads, bifaces, and boats: an early maritime adaptation on the south coast of San Miguel Island, California},
	journal = {American Anthropologist},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 442},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {677-683},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Braje, Todd J. and Rick, Torben C. and Peterson, Jenna}
}
@article {1999,
	title = {Coastal foraging at Otter Cave: a 6600 year old shell midden on San Miquel Island, California},
	journal = {Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 580},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {69-86},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Vellanoweth, Rene L. and Rick, Torben C. and Batterson, Melissa R.}
}
@article {1973,
	title = {From Pleistocene mariners to complex hunter-gatherers: the archaeology of the California Channel Islands},
	journal = {Journal of World Prehistory},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 581},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {169-228},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Vellanoweth, Rene L.}
}
@article {992,
	title = {Reassessing human settlement on the south coast of San Miguel Island, California: The use of 14C dating as a reconnaissance tool},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 579},
	pages = {11-19},
	abstract = {Californias San Miguel Island contains over 600 archaeological sites, some occupied as early as 12,000 yr ago
and most located along the islands north coast. Archaeologists have long believed the south coast to have been marginal or
largely uninhabited. Burial of some landforms by sand dunes deposited after historical overgrazing, the lack of systematic survey,
and a dearth of radiocarbon dating have also contributed to an underestimation of the intensity of human land use along
the south coast of San Miguel Island. Our recent reconnaissance and dating of shell middens on the islands south coast indicate
more intensive occupation than previously thought, with numerous south coast sites spanning at least the past 9000 yr,
and demonstrate the utility of combining systematic archaeological reconnaissance and radiometrics in reconstructions of
human settlement and historical ecology in coastal environments.},
	url = {https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/view/2795/2560},
	author = {Braje, Todd J. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C.}
}
@article {993,
	title = {An 8700 year old shell midden from the south coast of San Miguel Island, California},
	journal = {Current Research in the Pleistocene},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1091},
	pages = {24-25},
	author = {Braje, Todd J. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C.}
}
@article {2053,
	title = {Busted balls shell midden (CA-SMI-606): an early coastal site on San Miguel Island, California},
	journal = {North American Archaeologist},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 583},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {251-272},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Batterson, Melissa R.}
}
@inbook {1404,
	title = {CA-SMI-548: A 9500 year old shell midden at Running Springs, San Miquel Island, California},
	booktitle = {Emerging from the Ice Age: Early Holocene Occupations on the Central California Coast},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 584},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {81-92},
	publisher = {San Luis Obispo County Archaeological Society Occasional Paper},
	organization = {San Luis Obispo County Archaeological Society Occasional Paper},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Vellanoweth, Rene L. and Largaespada, Tony},
	editor = {Bertrando, Ethan}
}
@article {2024,
	title = {Style, context, and chronology of a wooden canoe model from Santa Rosa Island, California},
	journal = {Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1092},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {301-307},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Johnson, John R. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Gamble, Lynn H.}
}
@article {2066,
	title = {Early cave occupations on San Miguel Island, California},
	journal = {Current Research in the Pleistocene},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1093},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {70-72},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Vellanoweth, Rene L.}
}
@article {1489,
	title = {The search for early shell middens on San Miguel Island, California},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 331},
	month = {2001},
	institution = {University of Oregon},
	address = {Eugene, Oregon},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M.}
}
