@article {2946,
	title = {Rapid Degradation of Cellulose Diacetate by Marine MicrobesRapid Degradation of Cellulose Diacetate by Marine Microbes},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology Letters},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Nov-01-2022},
	pages = {37 - 41},
	abstract = {The persistence of cellulose diacetate (CDA), a biobased plastic used in textiles and single-use consumer products, in the ocean is currently unknown. Here, we probe the disintegration and degradation of CDA-based materials (25 mu m films, 510 mu m foam, and 97 g/m2 fabric) by marine microbes in a continuous flow seawater mesocosm. Photographic evidence and mass loss measurements demonstrate that CDA-based materials disintegrate in months. Disintegration is marked by the increasing esterase and cellulase activity of the biofilm community, suggesting that marine microbes degrade CDA. The natural abundance stable (13C) and radiocarbon (14C) isotopic signature of carbon dioxide respired during short-term bottle incubations confirms the rapid degradation of both acetyl and cellulosic components of CDA by seawater microbial communities. These findings challenge the paradigm set by governmental agencies and advocacy groups that CDA-based materials persist in the ocean for decades, and represent a positive step toward identifying highutility, biobased plastics with low environmental persistence.},
	keywords = {ACETATE, BIODEGRADATION},
	issn = {2328-8930},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.estlett.1c0084310.1021/acs.estlett.1c00843.s001},
	url = {https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000730351300001?AlertId=ab9062f8-b111-4f95-a2b8-66e7afac0471\&SID=7DMV3hUCqV1Mt8lQGWY},
	author = {Mazzotta, Michael G. and Reddy, Christopher M. and Ward, Collin P.}
}
@article {2442,
	title = {Relationships between carbon isotopic composition and mode of binding of natural organic matter in selected marine sediments},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007/11//},
	pages = {1824 - 1837},
	abstract = {We have investigated the relationships between radiocarbon (14C) and stable carbon (13C) isotopic composition and the different modes of binding of organic matter (OM) in surficial sediments selected from near-shore and continental margin sites that vary in terms of input and depositional conditions. To improve our understanding of the entire OM pool, isotopic analysis of sedimentary sub-fractions, as opposed to individual compounds, was performed. This was achieved by sequentially treating sediments via solvent extraction to examine unbound compounds, followed by saponification to cleave ester linked moieties. Isotopic analysis was performed on the bulk sediment and resulting residues. The molecular composition of the extracts was examined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and the relative contributions of terrestrial and marine biomarkers were assessed. Radiocarbon abundances (Δ14C) of the bulk sediment reflect a mixture of modern, pre-aged and fossil carbon. Offsets in Δ14C between the bulk sediment and sediment residues demonstrate varying associations of these carbon pools. For the majority of sites, a negative offset between extracted (EX-RES) and saponified (SA-RES) sediment residues results from the removal of relatively 14C-rich material during saponification. Saponification extracts (SAEs) are mainly composed of short chain (n-C12 to n-C24) alkanoic acids with an even/odd dominance, indicating a predominantly marine algal or microbial source. This provides evidence for the protection of labile marine carbon by chemical binding. This study bridges the gap between molecular level and bulk OM analysis of marine sediments.},
	isbn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.07.008},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638007001751},
	author = {White, Helen K. and Reddy, Christopher M. and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
