@article {lu_surface_2023,
	title = {Surface climate signals transmitted rapidly to deep North Atlantic throughout last millennium},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {382},
	number = {6672},
	year = {2023},
	note = {Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science},
	month = {11/2023},
	pages = {834{\textendash}839},
	chapter = {834},
	abstract = {Instrumental observations of subsurface ocean warming imply that ocean heat uptake has slowed 20th-century surface warming. We present high-resolution records from subpolar North Atlantic sediments that are consistent with instrumental observations of surface and deep warming/freshening and in addition reconstruct the surface-deep relation of the last 1200 years. Sites from \textasciitilde1300 meters and deeper suggest an \textasciitilde0.5 degrees celsius cooling across the Medieval Climate Anomaly to Little Ice Age transition that began \textasciitilde1350 {\textpm} 50 common era (CE), whereas surface records suggest asynchronous cooling onset spanning \textasciitilde600 years. These data suggest that ocean circulation integrates surface variability that is transmitted rapidly to depth by the Atlantic Meridional Ocean Circulation, implying that the ocean moderated Earth{\textquoteright}s surface temperature throughout the last millennium as it does today.},
	doi = {10.1126/science.adf1646},
	url = {https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adf1646},
	author = {Lu, Wanyi and Oppo, Delia W. and Gebbie, Geoffrey and Thornalley, David J. R.}
}
@article {2745,
	title = {Data Constraints on Glacial Atlantic Water Mass Geometry and Properties},
	journal = {Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Mar-09-2020},
	pages = {1013 - 1034},
	abstract = {The chemical composition of benthic foraminifera from marine sediment cores provides information on how glacial subsurface water properties differed from modern, but separating the influence of changes in the origin and end-member properties of subsurface water from changes in flows and mixing is challenging. Spatial gaps in coverage of glacial data add to the uncertainty. Here we present new data from cores collected from the Demerara Rise in the western tropical North Atlantic, including cores from the modern tropical phosphate maximum at Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) depths. The results suggest lower phosphate concentration and higher carbonate saturation state within the phosphate maximum than modern despite similar carbon isotope values, consistent with less accumulation of respired nutrients and carbon, and reduced air-sea gas exchange in source waters to the region. An inversion of new and published glacial data confirms these inferences and further suggests that lower preformed nutrients in AAIW, and partial replacement of this still relatively high-nutrient AAIW with nutrient-depleted, carbonate-rich waters sourced from the region of the modern-day northern subtropics, also contributed to the observed changes. The results suggest that glacial preformed and remineralized phosphate were lower throughout the upper Atlantic, but deep phosphate concentration was higher. The inversion, which relies on the fidelity of the paleoceanographic data, suggests that the partial replacement of North Atlantic sourced deep water by Southern Ocean Water was largely responsible for the apparent deep North Atlantic phosphate increase, rather than greater remineralization.},
	issn = {2572-4517},
	doi = {10.1029/2018PA003408},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018PA003408},
	author = {Oppo, Delia W. and Gebbie, Geoffrey and Huang, Kuo-Fang and Curry, William B. and Marchitto, Thomas M. and Pietro, Kathryn R.}
}
