@article {2851,
	title = {Seafloor fluid seeps on Kimki Ridge, offshore southern California: Links to active strike-slip faulting},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {150},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-04-2018},
	pages = {82 - 91},
	abstract = {The Kimki Ridge fluid seeps are located in western Catalina Basin about 60 km southwest of the southern California mainland and at a water depth of approximately 1100 m. Multichannel seismic reflection profiles collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 2014 show acoustic transparency within the Kimki Ridge, suggesting the possibility of fluid seeps and possible sub-seafloor fluid pathways. Subsequent multibeam bathymetric and backscatter intensity data collected during a cooperative University of Washington/USGS cruise in early 2016 show subtle seafloor buildups with high acoustic backscatter (reflectivity) in three places along Kimki Ridge, supporting the existence of fluid seepage. A Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) dive, conducted as part of the Nautilus Exploration Program, took place in August 2016 to confirm the presence of these previously unknown seeps and document their characteristics as well as those of any associated biological communities. Two of the three seeps were explored by ROV, and showed abundant evidence of fluid seepage, including characteristic algal mats, chemosynthetic clams, and authigenic carbonate formation. The seeps are comprised of carbonate buildups 1{\textendash}3 m thick and 300{\textendash}500 m across. Within these areas, we interpret broad crater-like depressions 30{\textendash}50 m across and 1{\textendash}2 m deep to be individual seep vents. The seep areas appear to be broad zones of diffuse seepage that support chemosynthetic biologic communities; however, active venting was not observed. Geochemical analyses of rock samples collected from the seeps indicate microbially driven anaerobic oxidation of methane at or near the sediment water interface. Seismic-reflection profiles show chimney-like fluid pathways along the limbs and in the axis of the fold forming Kimki Ridge, and evidence of methane in shallow sediments can be traced into the adjacent Catalina Basin. A system of closely spaced faults located at the axis of the Kimki Ridge anticline may serve as pathways to allow fluid flow to the seafloor. Our data are consistent with other studies that suggest that transpression is an important component in the formation and localization of fluid seeps in a strike-slip setting, implying that seep formation may be a common occurrence at fault stepovers or transpressional bends in strike-slip systems.},
	keywords = {California Inner Continental Borderland, E/V Nautilus, Faulting, methane, Seepages},
	issn = {09670645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.11.001},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0967064517301595},
	author = {Conrad, James E. and Prouty, Nancy G. and Walton, Maureen A.L. and Kluesner, Jared W. and Maier, Katherine L. and McGann, Mary and Brothers, Daniel S. and Roland, Emily C. and Dartnell, Peter}
}
@article {2852,
	title = {Investigation of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Activity in the San Gregorio Fault Zone on the Continental Slope North of Monterey Canyon, Offshore Central California},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jun-06-2019},
	pages = {1094 - 1106},
	abstract = {We provide an extensive high-resolution geophysical, sediment core, and radiocarbon dataset to address late Pleistocene and Holocene fault activity of the San Gregorio fault zone (SGFZ), offshore central California. The SGFZ occurs primarily offshore in the San Andreas fault system and has been accommodating dextral strike-slip motion between the Pacific and North American plates since the mid-Miocene. Our study focuses on the SGFZ where it has been mapped through the continental slope north of Monterey Canyon. From 2009 to 2015, the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute collected high-resolution multibeam bathymetry and chirp sub-bottom profiles using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). Targeted samples were collected using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to provide radiocarbon age constraints. We integrate the high-resolution geophysical data with radiocarbon dates to reveal Pleistocene seismic horizons vertically offset less than 5 m on nearly vertical faults. These faults are buried by continuous reflections deposited after \~{}17.5  ka and likely following erosion during the last sea-level lowstand \~{}21  ka⁠, bracketing the age of faulting to \~{}32{\textendash}21  ka⁠. Clearly faulted horizons are only detected in a small area where mass wasting exhumed older strata to within \~{}25  m of the seafloor. The lack of clearly faulted Holocene deposits and possible highly distributed faulting in the study area are consistent with previous interpretations that late Pleistocene and Holocene activity along the SGFZ may decrease to the south. This study illustrates the complexity of the SGFZ, offshore central California, and demonstrates the utility of very high-resolution data from combined AUV (geophysical){\textendash}ROV (seabed sampling) surveys in offshore studies of fault activity.},
	issn = {0037-1106},
	doi = {10.1785/0120160261},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/bssa/article/107/3/1094-1106/354203},
	author = {Maier, Katherine L. and Paull, Charles K. and Brothers, Daniel S. and Caress, David W. and McGann, Mary and Lundsten, Eve M. and Anderson, Krystle and Gwiazda, Roberto}
}
@article {2850,
	title = {Records of continental slope sediment flow morphodynamic responses to gradient and active faulting from integrated AUV and ROV data, offshore Palos Verdes, southern California Borderland},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {393},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-11-2017},
	pages = {47 - 66},
	abstract = {Variations in seabed gradient are widely acknowledged to influence deep-water deposition, but are often difficult to measure in sufficient detail from both modern and ancient examples. On the continental slope offshore Los Angeles, California, autonomous underwater vehicle, remotely operated vehicle, and shipboard methods were used to collect a dense grid of high-resolution multibeam bathymetry, chirp sub-bottom profiles, and targeted sediment core samples that demonstrate the influence of seafloor gradient on sediment accumulation, depositional environment, grain size of deposits, and seafloor morphology. In this setting, restraining and releasing bends along the active right-lateral Palos Verdes Fault create and maintain variations in seafloor gradient. Holocene down-slope flows appear to have been generated by slope failure, primarily on the uppermost slope (~ 100{\textendash}200 m water depth). Turbidity currents created a low relief (< 10 m) channel, up-slope migrating sediment waves (λ = ~ 100 m, h <= 2 m), and a series of depocenters that have accumulated up to 4 m of Holocene sediment. Sediment waves increase in wavelength and decrease in wave height with decreasing gradient. Integrated analysis of high-resolution datasets provides quantification of morphodynamic sensitivity to seafloor gradients acting throughout deep-water depositional systems. These results help to bridge gaps in scale between existing deep-sea and experimental datasets and may provide constraints for future numerical modeling studies.},
	keywords = {Deep-water channel, Gradient, Holocene, Sediment waves, Turbidite Fault},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2016.10.001},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025322716302304},
	author = {Maier, Katherine L. and Brothers, Daniel S. and Paull, Charles K. and McGann, Mary and Caress, David W. and Conrad, James E.}
}
