@article {188,
	title = {Distribution and significance of heavy-mineral concentrations along the southeast Baltic Sea coast},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2126},
	pages = {1984-1988},
	abstract = {Heavy mineral concentrations (HMCs) in coastal sands are important from both scientific and practical standpoints. On one hand, they may serve as local sources of iron and other economically important metals, and on the other they are good indicators of hydro-meteorological and sedimentological conditions along the coast. A variety of HMC types have been documented in beach, foredune, and relict dune environments of Lithuania. The study region is located along the Curonian Spit (Nida) and mainland coast (Butinge). The ocean beach sites range from 25 to 35 m in width and are backed by 5-10 m-high foredunes. The Great Dune Ridge on the Curonian Spit consists of relict (mid-late Holocene) dunes which are the highest coastal dunes in Northern Europe (more than 60 m above sea level). The prevailing westerly winds attain speeds of 4.2 m/s in the summer and 5.5 m/s in autumn and winter. Along the southeast Baltic Sea coast, quartz and feldspars-rich sands contain variable amounts (1-8\%) of heavy minerals, such as garnet, rutile, zircon, magnetite, ilmenite, hornblende, and other accessory minerals. On the beach, HMCs typically range in thickness from 0.1 to more than 3.0 cm and represent increased wave and run-up regime. Based on previous studies of coastal morphodynamics and field observations during 2005, 2006, 2008 and 2010 enriched horizons near the foot of the foredune are the result of storm reworking and subsequent aeolian deflation. Similar process concentrates almandine garnet and magnetite along the Curonian Lagoon shoreline, on the opposite side from the Nida beach site. Based on their occurrence in the Great Dune Ridge, we suggest that buried HMCs likely represent periods of increased wind activity (storminess). Due to their relatively high fraction of heavy minerals, HMCs have substantially higher magnetic susceptibility (MS) values than background quartz-rich sands and, where well developed, they can be used for spatial correlation of subsurface horizons. Therefore, the MS method was used as a tool for cataloguing the properties of HMCs in the field and in the laboratory. For documenting lithological differences between exposed heavy-mineral concentrations and background quartz-rich sands, this study focused on coastal environments with different sedimentary regimes: 1) surface profile and shallow trenches through the upper berm at Bating (wave run-up setting along the mainland shoreline); 2) a 40-m-long shore-normal beach profile at Nida on the Baltic Sea shoreline of the Curonian Spit, (mixed wave/aeolian conditions) and 3) a short surface profile along a lagoon beach at the base of the Paranidis Dune (the landward side of the spit). The 2008 and 2010 data were compared to previous studies of the HMCs in relict dunes (exclusively aeolian setting). The spatial and temporal distribution of HMCs in different sedimentary environments is a function of: 1) the initial heavy-mineral content prior to high-energy events and 2) hydro-meteorological and sedimentary conditions during the events responsible for removal of lighter minerals and HMC formation as a lag deposit. The thickness, degree of concentration, and rhythmicity of HMC horizons offer opportunities for quantifying the periodicity and intensity of hydrodynamic processes along sandy coasts.},
	issn = {0749-0208},
	author = {Pupienis, D. and Buynevich, I. V. and Bitinas, A.}
}
@article {221,
	title = {Rapid coastal dune migration into temperate and equatorial forests: optical chronology of imaged upper slipface strata},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2124},
	pages = {726-730},
	abstract = {This study presents the first sets of optical dates that constrain dunefield evolution along a temperate, forested, microtidal barrier (Curonian Spit, southeast Baltic Sea, Lithuania) and a macrotidal equatorial mangrove coast (Par{\'a} State, northern Brazil). In both areas, high-resolution geophysical (georadar) images were used to map the subsurface architecture, relative chronology, and orientation of dune migration surfaces (slipfaces) and vertical accretion strata. Besides relative chronology of dune accretion, subsurface images reveal bounding (superimposition) surfaces indicative of distinct activity phases. A cross-barrier Preila transect on the Curonian Spit, served as the basis for establishing dune chronology in this historically active part of the Great Dune Ridge. Due to barrier width (> 1km) and dune height (>30 m), aeolian sand transfer, rather than overwash and breaching, has been the dominant process of landward migration for this barrier spit since mid-Holocene. OSL dating of the upper sections of buried slipfaces in shallow trenches revealed dune migration of more than 600 m between mid-1500s and late 1700s at the Preila site. These ages are consistent with historical records and the time of burial of a coastal village near the edge of a lagoon by 1797. In equatorial Brazil (Atalaia Beach), large reactivated parabolic dunes have been migrating over coastal roads and mangrove forests over at least the past 150 years. In geophysical images of a parabolic dune, numerous high-amplitude hyperbolic anomalies produced by buried trees contrast with steeply landward-dipping slipface reflections. Due to water table elevation, the lower older part of the dune sequence has been stabilized in the blowout area. Similarly, interdunal lake has partially arrested the migration of a transverse dune ridge, while the adjacent segment continues to advance onto a sparsely vegetated plain. Our preliminary data indicate that whereas the two regions differ markedly in their precipitation patterns, vegetation types, oceanographic setting, and land-use history, both experienced episodes of rapid (average: 1-2 m/year) migration of massive dunes (10-50 m high), which continues locally at the present time. Aside from their implications to coastal evolution, accurate reconstructions of dune dynamics on decadal to centennial time scales should be integrated into coastal development and management strategies.},
	issn = {0749-0208},
	author = {Buynevich, I. V. and Bitinas, A. and Souza Filho, P. W. M. and Pupienis, D. and Asp, N. E. and Goble, R. J. and Kerber, L. E.}
}
@conference {1552,
	title = {Aeolian sand invasion in coastal regions: geomorphological and geophysical aspects},
	booktitle = {Schukin Conference on Geomorphology},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 2128},
	month = {2010},
	pages = {281},
	publisher = {Moscow State University},
	organization = {Moscow State University},
	author = {Buynevich, I. V. and Souza Filho, P. W. M. and Bitinas, A. and Asp, N. E. and Pupienis, D.}
}
@article {378,
	title = {Unique Baltic Outcrops Reveal Millennia of Ecological Changes},
	journal = {EOS, TRANSACTIONS AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1978},
	pages = {101},
	abstract = {Throughout Earth{\textquoteright}s history, tectonic forces, often violent and unpredictable, have been responsible for exposing geological formations to scientific scrutiny. But forces of uplift are not restricted to plate boundaries. For example, when looking at forested coastal dunes bordering placid Curonian Lagoon along the Lithuanian coast of the Baltic Sea, one hardly suspects that any powerful forces are at work. Yet this is a site where massive migrating hills of sand have put pressure on the deep strata of the ancient lagoon, forcing its sediments to the surface and offering rare access to fossils of the Holocene, which spans the past 10,000 years.},
	doi = {10.1029/2010EO110001},
	author = {Buynevich, I. V. and Bitinas, A. and Damu{\v s}yte, A. and Pupienis, D.}
}
@article {975,
	title = {Lithological anomalies in a relict coastal dune: Geophysical and paleoenvironmental markers},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2007},
	note = {168ajTimes Cited:18Cited References Count:38},
	month = {May 11},
	pages = {1-5},
	abstract = {Ground exposures of migration surfaces (slipfaces) of a relict Holocene coastal dune along the southeastern Baltic Sea coast provide an ideal opportunity for establishing the causes of prominent reflections on geophysical profiles. High-amplitude reflections on high-resolution ground-penetrating radar (GPR) images correlate well with two major lithological anomalies: 1) paleosols developed on dune slipfaces, and 2) slipfaces consisting of heavy-mineral concentrations (HMCs). Paleosols serve as indicators of dune stability, represent datable chronostratigraphic surfaces, and help reconstruct dune paleo-morphology. HMCs have substantially higher magnetic susceptibility values than background quartz-rich sands and, where they are well-developed, can be also used for spatial correlation. Based on their occurrence at the study site, these enriched horizons likely represent periods of increased wind activity ( storminess). Multiple HMCs upwind of paleosol P1 ( 800 670 cal years BP) likely reflect periods of intensified wind activity along the southeast Baltic region during the Medieval Warm Period.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2007GL029767},
	author = {Buynevich, I. V. and Bitinas, A. and Pupienis, D.}
}
@article {1909,
	title = {Reactivation of Coastal Dunes Documented by Subsurface Imaging of the Great Dune Ridge, Lithuania},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Sp. Iss. 50V16hi
Times Cited:10
Cited References Count:30
},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {226-230},
	abstract = {Large coastal and inland dunefields often consist of multiple generations defined by periods of stability and reactivation. Where earlier phases of aeolian activity are masked by subsequent deposition, continuous high-resolution geophysical images help to reconstruct the history of landscape change. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles from relict Holocene dunes on the northern Curonian Spit, Lithuania reveal distinct contacts between older deposits (barrier-spit facies, older aeolian strata, paleosols) and overlying dune sands. Early stages of dune migration began prior to 6,000 years B.P. followed by several periods of stabilisation and subsequent reactivation. Parabolic and transverse dunes, some attaining heights of 40-60 m, have migrated to the east in response to westerly winds from the Baltic Sea. In several places, similar to a number of sites in Northern Europe, the upper sections of large dunes have been deflated leaving near-horizontal exposures where subsurface imaging extends the continuity of key stratigraphic horizons. Within dune sequences, oblique lateral accretion surfaces indicate the direction of earlier migration phases and exhibit distinct meso-scale geometries. In GPR images and shallow trenches, buried slipfaces have dip angles varying from 10-15 degrees to 31-34 degrees, the latter being similar to the angle of repose maintained by modem unvegetated dunes. A series of cores taken through sequences of stacked buried slipfaces show little visible variation in sediment properties with depth, suggesting that minor changes in texture, mineralogy and grain packing may be responsible for individual reflections in geophysical records. Occasionally, laterally extensive horizons enriched in heavy minerals produce prominent subsurface reflections and are indicative of periods of increased wind activity.},
	keywords = {curonian spit, gpr, medieval, reflection geometry, slipface, truncation},
	isbn = {0749-0208},
	author = {Buynevich, I. and Bitinas, A. and Pupienis, D.}
}
