@article {2553,
	title = {Coastal response to late-stage transgression and sea-level highstand},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {126},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-03-2014},
	pages = {459 - 480},
	abstract = {Coastal  morphologic  features  associated with  past  shoreline  transgressions  and  sea-level  highstands  can  provide  insight  into  the  rates  and  processes  associated  with  coastal  response  to  the  modern  global  rise  in  sea  level.  Along  the  eastern  and  southern  Brazilian  coasts  of  South  America,  6000  years  of   sea-level   fall   have   preserved   late-stage   transgressive and sea-level highstand features 1{\textendash}4 m above present mean sea level and several  kilome  ters  landward  of  modern  shore-lines.  GPS  with  real-time  kinematics  data,  ground-penetrating  radar,  stratigraphy,  and  radiocarbon  dating  within  a  2{\textendash}3-km-wide  river-associated  strandplain  in  central  Santa  Catarina  (southern  Brazil)  uncovered  a  diverse set of late-stage transgressive and high-
stand  deposits.  Here,  the  highstand  took  the  forms of (1) an exposed bedrock coast in areas of high wave energy and low sediment supply; (2)  a  3.8-m-high  transgressive  barrier  ridge  where  landward  barrier  migration  was  prohibited  by  the  presence  of  shallow  bedrock;  and  (3)  a  complete  barrier-island  complex  containing a 5.2-m-high barrier ridge, washover deposits, a paleo-inlet, and a backbarrier lowland, formed in a protected cove with ample sediment supply from small local streams and the erosion of upland sediments. Similar signatures of the mid-Holocene highstand can be  traced  across  all  coastal  Brazilian  states.  This  study  presents  the  first  complete  compilation of the diversity of these sedimentary sequences. They are broadly classified here as exposed bedrock coasts (type A), back barrier deposits  (type  B),  transgressive  barrier  ridges (type C), and barrier-island complexes (type D),  according  to  localized  conditions  of  upland  migration  potential,  wave  exposure,  and  sediment  supply.  These  Brazilian  
systems  present  a  paradigm  for  understanding future coastal response to climate change and accelerated sea-level rise: the recognition of a minimum threshold sea-level-rise rate of ~2  mm  yr{\textendash}1 above  which  transgression  proceeded too rapidly for the formation of these stable  accretionary  shoreline  features  demonstrates the nonlinearity of coastal response to sea-level change, and the site specificity of conditions  associated  with  the  formation  of  each  highstand  deposit  type,  even  within  a  single  small  embayment,  demonstrates  the  non-uniformity of that response.},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/B30836.1},
	url = {http://gsabulletin.gsapubs.org/cgi/doi/10.1130/B30836.1},
	author = {Hein, C. J. and FitzGerald, D. M. and Thadeu de Menezes, J. and Cleary, W. J. and Klein, A. H. F. and Albernaz, M. B.}
}
@article {220,
	title = {Geological legacy of storm erosion along a high-energy indented coastline: northern Santa Catarina, Brazil},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2125},
	pages = {1840-1844},
	abstract = {Along moderate to high-energy sandy coasts of the world, periods of accretion are often punctuated by episodes of erosion and retreat. However documenting the legacy of such events in sand-dominated sequences remains a challenge. The present-day moderate-relief coastlines of Cambori{\'u} Peninsula (CP) and the adjacent Navegantes coastal plain in Santa Catarina, Brazil, exhibit a variety of geological features related to recent intense storms, such as the Santa Catarina cyclone of record (March 2004) and subsequent events. These systems offer an opportunity to assess the use of modern indicators of storm erosion as a guide to reconstructing their counterparts from the sedimentary record. The 0.5-2.0-km-long, headland-segmented, coarse-grained, reflective beaches of the Cambori{\'u} Peninsula contrast with a 10-km-long, fine-grained, dissipative beach of the Navegantes plain. Morphological indicators of erosion include steep dune and berm scarps, as well as ephemeral washout channels produced by rainfall-induced runoff. Where modified by subsequent deposition, these features can still be identified by their diagnostic reflection geometries and variable-angle truncations (disconformities) in highresolution ground-penetrating radar (GPR) images. In addition to morphological indicators of erosion, coastal sedimentary sequences contain distinct lithological anomalies. Heavy-mineral concentrations (HMCs) are easily identifiable in sediment cores and trenches and produce strong reflections on GPR images. Along Estaleiro Beach (CP), a buried disconformity was identified in GPR images beneath a road, approximately 25 m landward of the November 2004 storm scarp. Its geometry is similar to the recent scarp and its strong geophysical signal return is due to a magnetite-enriched horizon at a depth of 2.6 m. At the Navegantes strandplain, patchy thin layers enriched in fine-grained heavy minerals are common on a gently sloping intertidal beach and near the base of foredunes. Moreover, in the landward portion of the plain that developed during the past 2,000 years, the presence of truncated tangential-oblique reflections in GPR records and HMCs reaching 10-30 cm in thickness indicates past reworking of beach and dune sediments by a series of intense erosional episodes. Low-field magnetic susceptibility measurements of vibracores indicate values from thick HMC layers exceeding 1,000 (*10-5 SI) in contrast to 0-15 (*10-5 SI) for background quartz-rich sands. Given the relatively constant background fraction of heavy minerals in beach sands, the thickness and degree of concentration in HMCs can be used as proxies for the relative impact of high-energy events, including their duration and magnitude. Despite the apparent low preservation potential of these features on high-energy coasts, post-storm accretion and rapid progradation increase their chances of being removed from wave action.},
	issn = {0749-0208},
	author = {Buynevich, I. V. and Klein, A. H. F. and FitzGerald, D. M. and Cleary, W. J. and Hein, C. and Veiga, F. A. and Angulo, R. J. and Asp, N. E. and Petermann, R.}
}
@article {974,
	title = {A 1,500-year record of North Atlantic storm activity based on optically dated relict beach scarps},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1083},
	pages = {543-546},
	abstract = {Understanding of long-term dynamics of intense coastal storms is important for determining the frequency and impact of these events on sandy coasts. We use optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates on relict scarps within a prograded barrier sequence to reconstruct the chronology of large-magnitude erosional events in the western Gulf of Maine. OSL dates obtained on quartz-rich sediments immediately overlying relict scarps indicate severe beach erosion and retreat due to erosional events ca. 1550, 390, 290, and 150 cal yr B.P. Our data provide new evidence of increased storm activity (most likely frequency and/or intensity of extratropical storms) during the past 500 yr, which was preceded by a relatively calm period lasting \~{}1000 yr. The width of the coastal sequence preserved between successive paleoscarps shows strong correlation with the time interval elapsed between storms. Our findings indicate that diagnostic geophysical and sedimentological signatures of severe erosional events offer new opportunities for assessing the impact and timing of major storms along sandy coasts.},
	keywords = {barrier, erosion, ground-penetrating radar, heavy minerals, Maine, OSL dating},
	doi = {10.1130/G23636A.1},
	author = {Buynevich, I. V. and FitzGerald, D. M. and Goble, R. J.}
}
@article {1902,
	title = {Holocene Reworking of a Sand Sheet in the Merrimack Embayment, Western Gulf of Maine},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Sp. Iss. 50V16hi
Times Cited:2
Cited References Count:22
},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {863-867},
	abstract = {Recent bathymetric, backscatter, and seafloor sediment samples demonstrate that a large sand sheet was formed in the inner shelf by the reworking of the Merrimack River lowstand delta (deposited 12 kya; currently at 45 m depth) and braid plain during the Holocene transgression. Asymmetric bedforms and distinct grain size distributions suggest the sand sheet is actively being reworked by inner-shelf processes.Bottom sediments range from silty sand at the submerged delta to coarse sand and fine gravel in the innermost shelf (depth: 10-50 m). Coarse-grained sand comprises an expansive (32 km(2)) featureless sand sheet centered off the Merrimack River. Fine-grained sand discontinuously overlies this sand sheet in many locations and forms long wavelength (100 - 800 m), low amplitude (1-2 m), asymmetrical bedforms. Sets of these bedforms are oriented from slightly oblique offshore to onshore; several bedform sets are located within I km and oriented orthogonally to one another. Along the paleo-delta front north-northwest oriented bedforms are dominant. Inshore of these features, the bedforms become more closely spaced and have orientations to the west and west-southwest. Preliminary data suggest that the combined forces of instantaneous storm-wave generated shear stress and storm-induced currents associated with high energy northeast storm events may be responsible for sand sheet reworking and bedform development.
},
	keywords = {backscatter, bedforms, shallow seismic, shelf sediment transport},
	isbn = {0749-0208},
	author = {Hein, C. J. and FitzGerald, D. M. and Barnhardt, W.}
}
@article {1905,
	title = {Strandplain evolution along the southern coast of Santa Caterina, Brazil},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	volume = {Special Issue 50},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1099},
	month = {2007},
	author = {FitzGerald, D. M. and Cleary, W. J. and Buynevich, I. V. and Hein, C. J. and Kleins, A. H. F. and Asp, N. and Angulo, R.}
}
