@article {27,
	title = {Radiocarbon evidence for a possible abyssal front near 3.1 km in the glacial equatorial Pacific Ocean},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {425},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {93-104},
	abstract = {We investigate the radiocarbon ventilation age in deep equatorial Pacific sediment cores using the difference in conventional 14C age between coexisting benthic and planktonic foraminifera, and integrate those results with similar data from around the North Pacific Ocean in a reconstruction for the last glaciation (15 to 25 conventional 14C ka). Most new data from both the Equatorial Pacific and the Emperor Seamounts in the northwestern Pacific come from maxima in abundance of benthic taxa because this strategy reduces the effect of bioturbation. Although there remains considerable scatter in the ventilation age estimates, on average, ventilation ages in the Equatorial Pacific were significantly greater below 3.2 km ( \~{} 3080 {\textpm} 1125 yrs , n = 15 ) than in the depth interval 1.9 to 3.0 km ( \~{} 1610 {\textpm} 250 yrs , n = 12 ). When compared to the average modern seawater Δ C 14 profile for the North Pacific, the Equatorial Pacific glacial data suggest an abyssal front located somewhere between 3.0 and 3.2 km modern water depth. Above that depth, the data may indicate slightly better ventilation than today, and below that depth, glacial Equatorial Pacific data appear to be as old as last glacial maximum (LGM) deep water ages reported for the deep southern Atlantic. This suggests that a glacial reservoir of aged waters extended throughout the circumpolar Southern Ocean and into the Equatorial Pacific. Renewed ventilation of such a large volume of aged (and, by corollary, carbon-rich) water would help to account for the rise in atmospheric pCO2 and the fall in Δ C 14 as the glaciation drew to a close.},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2015.05.025},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X15003210},
	author = {Keigwin, L. D. and Lehman, S. J.}
}
@conference {1763,
	title = {Radiocarbon calibration and abruptchanges in atmospheric 14Cconcentration during Marine Isotope Stage 3},
	booktitle = {American Geophysical Union},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 327},
	month = {2000},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	author = {Hughen, K. A. and Southon, J. and Lehman, S. J. and Peterson, L. C. and Overpeck, J. T.}
}
@article {755,
	title = {The Role of the Deep-Ocean in North-Atlantic Climate-Change between 70-Kyr and 130-Kyr Ago},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {371},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Ph254Times Cited:159Cited References Count:32},
	month = {Sep 22},
	pages = {323-326},
	abstract = {THE suggestion(1) that changes in North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) production are linked through surface heat flux to the atmospheric temperature over Greenland is supported by earlier indications(2,3) that NADW production decreased during glacial times, and by the subsequent finding(4-6) that it declined during the Younger Dryas cool period at the end of the last glaciation. Changes in North Atlantic surface temperatures have been found? to mirror high-frequency temperature changes recorded in Greenland ice cores over the past 80 kyr, but the connection to abyssal circulation has yet to be established, except for one or two isolated oscillations(8,9). Here we present carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of benthic foraminifera in a high-resolution North Atlantic deepsea sediment core for the period 70-130 kyr ago. These data allow us to reconstruct the history of NADW production, which shows a close correlation with Greenland climate variability for much of this time interval, suggesting that the climate influence of NADW variability was widespread. We see no evidence, however, for changes in NADW production during substage 5e (the Eemian interglacial period), in contrast with recent ice-core data(10) which suggest severe climate instability in Greenland during this time period. Our results may support suggestions, based on data from a second ice core, that this apparent instability is am artefact caused by ice flow(11). Alternatively, the Eemian climate instability may have had a different origin from the subsequent climate events.},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/371323a0},
	author = {Keigwin, L. D. and Curry, W. B. and Lehman, S. J. and Johnsen, S.}
}
