@article {2627,
	title = {Late Pleistocene to Holocene productivity changes in the western equatorial Pacific (Sulu Sea, Philippines) from calcareous nannofossils},
	journal = {Marine Micropaleontology},
	volume = {143},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-09-2018},
	pages = {1 - 11},
	abstract = {We present a new calcareous nannofossil paleoproductivity reconstruction of the southeastern margin of the Sulu Sea to understand how marine productivity varied through time in one of the major fishing grounds of the Philippine archipelago. The study is based on two sediment cores obtained from two different hydrographic locations in the western equatorial Pacific region: an upwelling region off Zamboanga Peninsula (U-GC12) and a non-upwelling area off Panay Island (NU-GC14), covering the past 18,000 years before present (B.P.). Calcareous nannofossil assemblages in the investigated areas were of low diversity and largely dominated by Gephyrocapsa oceanica and Florisphaera profwida, followed by small placolith-bearing taxa, Emiliania hwcleyi, small Gephyrocapsa, and Reticulofenestra minuta. Upwelling episodes off the Zamboanga Peninsula were recorded several times in the past as shown by an increase in the abundance of high productivity indicator species (G. oceanica, small Gephyrocapsa, E. hwcleyi) and of bulk sediment CaCO3 (\%), and a concomitant decline in the total organic carbon (TOC; \%). The high abundance of low surface water productivity species F. profunda and Umbellosphaera irregularis indicates a stratified water column with a deeper nutricline, probably caused by the reduced upwelling intensity. This condition was corroborated by the decrease in CaCO3 (\%) and an increase in TOC (\%). We propose that the modern day high productivity conditions off Zamboanga Peninsula started at 2500 years B.P., whereas the low productivity off Panay Island was recorded from 4000 years B.P., and persists to the present day. Evidence of the Younger Dryas (YD) event was recorded from 11,100 to 10,400 years B.P. in UGC12, synchronous to the YD event reported from other areas in the Northern Hemisphere, and in accordance with the timing in the Sulu Sea as reported from previous studies in this region. This event in the Sulu Sea is characterized by a decrease in total nannofossil abundance and estimated primary productivity, together with an increase in CaCO3 (\%) and a decrease in TOC (\%). We interpreted that dilution caused by the increase in precipitation experienced in the Southeast Asian region during the YD event could have led to the decline of the total calcareous nannofossils whereas the recorded increase in CaCO3 (\%) is attributed to the high abundance of planktonic foraminifera during this interval.},
	keywords = {arabian sea, EAST-ASIAN MONSOON, GLOBAL YOUNGER-DRYAS, indian-ocean, last deglaciation, OCEANIC PRIMARY PRODUCTION, south china sea, surface sediments, UPWELLING SYSTEM, YR BP},
	issn = {03778398},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marmicro.2018.07.001},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0377839816301219https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0377839816301219?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0377839816301219?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Tangunan, Deborah N. and Peleo-Alampay, Alyssa M.}
}
@article {2437,
	title = {Biomass burning and oceanic primary production estimates in the Sulu Sea area over the last 380 kyr and the East Asian monsoon dynamics},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {201},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Symposium on Asian Monsoons and Global Linkages on Milankovitch and Sub-Milankovitch Time ScalesMAY 09-11, 2001
BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA
70
},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {53-65},
	abstract = {Coccolithophorid assemblages and micro-charcoal content were analysed in giant piston core MD97-2141 recovered in the Sulu Sea (Philippines). These proxies help to reconstruct respectively the dynamics of the oceanic primary production (PP) and biomass burning in that area. PP in the Sulu Sea intensifies during the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and therefore PP constitutes a proxy for EAWM dynamics. Most of the precipitation in the Sulu Sea region occurs during the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). Because the intensity of biomass burning is related to dryness of the surrounding area, the sedimentary micro-charcoal content can be used as an inverse proxy for EASM intensity. Our results show that the EAWM intensifies during glacial times in agreement with previous studies. Precessional forcing appears to act directly on EAWN because of the early response of PP in that frequency band. The micro-charcoal record exhibits complex dynamics, which we attribute to the competing influence of the long-term El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-like forcing and the glacial/interglacial cycle on EASM. These influences create an unusual frequency spectrum with power around 30 kyr and 19 kyr attributed to the non-linear response to the 100-kyr cycle (glacial) and the 23-kyr (ENSO) cycle. A factor of two increase in the amplitude of the micro-charcoal variability between 51 and 10 ka BP could correspond to Homo sapiens biomass burning in the style of the fire-stick farming of the Australian Aborigines. We also find, on precession cycles, an opposite phase between EASM and EAWM records and an advance of -delta(18)O and delta(18)O respectively by 2000 yr. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {arabian sea, atlantic, climatic-change, EARLY HOLOCENE, EQUATORIAL, fire, GLACIAL MAXIMUM, indian-ocean, late pleistocene, Late Quaternary, monsoon, nannoplankton, Pleistocene, SOUTH CHINA, Sulu Sea, WEST-JAVA},
	isbn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00208-1},
	author = {Beaufort, L. and de Garidel-Thoron, T. and Linsley, B. and Oppo, D. and Buchet, N.}
}
@article {2120,
	title = {In situ calcium carbonate dissolution in the Pacific Ocean},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2002},
	note = {649rqTimes Cited:86
Cited References Count:60
},
	month = {Dec 31},
	abstract = {Over the past several years researchers have been working to synthesize the WOCE/JGOFS global CO(2) survey data to better understand carbon cycling processes in the oceans. The Pacific Ocean data set has over 35,000 sample locations with at least two carbon parameters, oxygen, nutrients, CFC tracers, and hydrographic parameters. In this paper we estimate the in situ CaCO(3) dissolution rates in the Pacific Ocean water column. Calcium carbonate dissolution rates ranging from 0.01-1.1 mumol kg(-1) yr(-1) are observed in intermediate and deepwater beginning near the aragonite saturation horizon. In the North Pacific Intermediate Water between 400 and 800 m, CaCO(3) dissolution rates are more than 7 times faster than observed in middle and deep water depths (average=0.051 m mol kg(-1) yr(-1)). The total amount of CaCO(3) that is dissolved within the Pacific is determined by integrating excess alkalinity throughout the water column. The total inventory of CaCO(3) added by particle dissolution in the Pacific Ocean, north of 40degreesS, is 157 Pg C. This amounts to an average dissolution rate of approximately 0.31 Pg C yr(-1). This estimate is approximately 74\% of the export production of CaCO(3) estimated for the Pacific Ocean. These estimates should be considered to be upper limits for in situ carbonate dissolution in the Pacific Ocean, since a portion of the alkalinity increase results from inputs from sediments.},
	keywords = {anthropogenic co(2), anthropogenic co2, aragonite saturation, atmospheric carbon, caco(3) dissolution, calcite saturation, carbonate lysocline, chemical lysocline, coccolithophore emiliania-huxleyi, indian-ocean, north pacific, organic-matter, Pacific Ocean, panama basin, particulate matter},
	isbn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2002GB001866},
	author = {Feely, R. A. and Sabine, C. L. and Lee, K. and Millero, F. J. and Lamb, M. F. and Greeley, D. and Bullister, J. L. and Key, R. M. and Peng, T. H. and Kozyr, A. and Ono, T. and Wong, C. S.}
}
@article {2098,
	title = {Separating natural and bomb-produced radiocarbon in the ocean: The potential alkalinity method},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2002},
	note = {646xuTimes Cited:44
Cited References Count:35
},
	month = {Dec 3},
	abstract = {[1] The use of radiocarbon (Delta(14)C) as a tracer for oceanic processes generally requires differentiation of naturally occurring radiocarbon from the bomb component produced by atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. We present a new separation method based on the strong linear correlation between Delta(14)C and potential alkalinity. Unlike previous techniques the new algorithm is applicable at all latitudes. Additionally, the potential alkalinity method provides an estimate of surface ocean prebomb Delta(14)C concentrations. Predictions with the technique appear to be unbiased and have uncertainties which are less than previous techniques.},
	keywords = {bomb-produced radiocarbon, CO2, indian-ocean, inventory, natural radiocarbon, pacific-ocean, potential alkalinity method, radiocarbon inventory, radiocarbon separation, silicate method, thermocline, ventilation, woce},
	isbn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2001GB001432},
	author = {Rubin, S. I. and Key, R. M.}
}
