@article {2564,
	title = {In situ carbonation of peridotite for CO2 storage},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Nov-11-2008},
	pages = {17295 - 17300},
	abstract = {The rate of natural carbonation of tectonically exposed mantle peridotite during weathering and low-temperature alteration can be enhanced to develop a significant sink for atmospheric CO2. Natural carbonation of peridotite in the Samail ophiolite, an uplifted slice of oceanic crust and upper mantle in the Sultanate of Oman, is surprisingly rapid. Carbonate veins in mantle peridotite in Oman have an average 14C age of ≈26,000 years, and are not 30{\textendash}95 million years old as previously believed. These data and reconnaissance mapping show that ≈104 to 105 tons per year of atmospheric CO2 are converted to solid carbonate minerals via peridotite weathering in Oman. Peridotite carbonation can be accelerated via drilling, hydraulic fracture, input of purified CO2 at elevated pressure, and, in particular, increased temperature at depth. After an initial heating step, CO2 pumped at 25 or 30 {\textdegree}C can be heated by exothermic carbonation reactions that sustain high temperature and rapid reaction rates at depth with little expenditure of energy. In situ carbonation of peridotite could consume >1 billion tons of CO2 per year in Oman alone, affording a low-cost, safe, and permanent method to capture and store atmospheric CO2. },
	keywords = {alteration and weathering, carbon capture, carbon sequestration, exothermic, MINERAL},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0805794105},
	url = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0805794105},
	author = {Kelemen, P. B. and Matter, J.}
}
@article {2443,
	title = {Linking lithology and land use to sources of dissolved and particulate organic matter in headwaters of a temperate, passive-margin river system},
	journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2007},
	note = {30},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {4233-4250},
	abstract = {A number of rivers have been found to transport highly aged organic matter [OM]; however, the sources of this aged material remain a matter of debate. One potential source may be erosion and weathering of headwater lithologies rich in ancient sedimentary OM. In this study, waters, suspended particulates, streambed sediments, rocks and soils from fourteen small headwater watersheds of a mid-size, temperate, passive margin river were sampled and characterized by Delta C-14, delta C-13, and POC/TPN ratios to identify sources of particulate and dissolved OM delivered to the river mainstem. These headwater sites encompass a range in lithology (OM-rich shales, OM-lean carbonate/mudstone facies, and OM-free crystalline rocks) and land use types (forested and agricultural), and allow investigation of the influence of agriculture and bedrock types on stream OM characteristics. Streams draining large areas of both agricultural land use and OM-rich lithology contain particulate OM [POM] that is more C-14-depleted than streams draining forested, shale-free watersheds. However, this is not sufficient to account for the significantly lower Delta C-14-POC measured in the river mainstern. Dissolved OM [DOM] Delta C-14 are in all cases enriched compared to POM from the same stream, but are otherwise highly variable and unrelated to either land use or lithology. POC/TPN ratios were likewise highly variable. POC and DOC delta C-13 signatures were similar across all watersheds. Based on isotope mass balance, C-14-free fossil OM sources contribute 0-12\% of total stream POM. Although these results do not unequivocally separate the influences of land use and lithology, watershed coverage by shale and agriculture are both important controls on stream A Delta C-14-POC. Thus export of aged, particle-associated OM may be a feature of river systems along both passive and active continental margins. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {ATCHAFALAYA RIVER, ATMOSPHERIC O-2, BLACK SHALE, continental-shelf, GULF-OF-MEXICO, marine-sediments, MINERAL, SPACE-TIME CLIMATE, STABLE-ISOTOPES, surface sediments, SURFACES},
	isbn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2007.06.056},
	author = {Longworth, B. E. and Petsch, S. T. and Raymond, P. A. and Bauer, J. E.}
}
