@article {2729,
	title = {Asian summer monsoon influence on chemical weathering and sediment provenance determined by clay mineral analysis from the Indus Submarine Canyon},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-01-2020},
	pages = {23 - 39},
	abstract = {Clay minerals from the Indus Canyon and eastern clinoform since ~12 ka are uniformly rich in smectite and illite, similar to those from the Holocene Indus flood plains. A systematic enrichment of smectite in the proximal delta compared to the canyon and eastern clinoform argues for preferential capture of smectite close to the river mouth since ~12 ka. There is a rapid shift to a more smectite-rich assemblage in the canyon and eastern clinoform after ~5 ka. This change is probably caused by a change in sediment source, with less direct flux from the Himalaya and more erosion of older, weathered, smectite-rich sediment from the Indus River flood plains, driven by incision of the Indus and its tributaries into the floodplain as summer monsoon rains weakened. This influx of smectite is consistent with lower kaolinite/smectite values since ~5 ka. The onset of large-scale agricultural activities since ~5 ka, especially starting with the Harappan Civilization, may also have enhanced incision and erosion of floodplain sediments over the same time period. This study reports for the first time how monsoon strength variations since ~12 ka affected the clay mineral assemblages and sediment provenance in a major submarine canyon.},
	keywords = {Clay minerals, Holocene, monsoon, Provenance, Reworking, Submarine canyon},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1017/qua.2019.44},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/quaternary-research/article/asian-summer-monsoon-influence-on-chemical-weathering-and-sediment-provenance-determined-by-clay-mineral-analysis-from-the-indus-submarine-canyon/AA11F458BD5924C1BD9EC9901D1F2941},
	author = {Li, Yuting and Clift, Peter D. and Murray, Richard W. and Exnicios, Elise and Ireland, Thomas and B{\"o}ning, Philipp}
}
@article {2528,
	title = {A high resolution record of rare earth element compositional changes from the mud deposit on the inner shelf of the East China Sea: Implications for paleoenvironmental changes},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-01-2017},
	abstract = {A paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the East China Sea (ECS) is presented using rare earth element (REE) analysis of sediments from Core MZ02, which was retrieved from the inner continental shelf{\textquoteright}s mud area. The analytic results show that the total REEs in the fine sediment vary between 137.76 μg/g and 231.53 μg/g with an average value of 187.69 μg/g. Obvious changes were found during the process of sedimentation. By comparing with the REE compositions from the potential provenances, the ratios of (La/Sm)ucc and (Gd/Yb)ucc revealed that the sediments were mainly derived from river detrital outputs of the Changjiang (Yangtze River), Minjiang and mountainous rivers from western Taiwan Island. The contributions of terrestrial materials from these three main provenances were controlled by sea level change and the Taiwan Warm Current (TWC)-Chinese Coastal Current (CCC) system, which is mainly driven by the East Asian monsoon. The high sedimentation rate during the transgression period between the late Pleistocene and early Holocene (13000{\textendash}9800 a B.P.) was caused by a well-proportioned mixed provenance from Changjiang, western Taiwanese rivers and Minjiang sediments, due to the lower sea level and the location of the foreshore-nearshore face. Because of the stronger sediment reworking and erosion at the shelf edge during the early Holocene (9800{\textendash}7300 a B.P.), the strengthening summer East Asian monsoon transported the Minjiang and western Taiwanese river material northeastward, and it became the main sediment source for fine sediments in the shallow sea region of the ECS, while the Changjiang provided a relatively minor amount of detrital sediment to the shelf. The increasing strength of the TWC might have played an important role in sediment dispersal and deposition on the ECS inner shelf during the period 7300{\textendash}3500 a B.P., thus mountainous river material became the dominant sediment on the shelf of the ECS. Furthermore, the results indicate that the East Asian monsoon and the weakening of the TWC were linked to an abrupt increase in Changjiang-derived terrigenous detritus material since 3500 a B.P.; the source and sink pattern during this period is consistent with the modern sedimentation environment.},
	keywords = {East China Sea, Mud deposit, Paleoenvironmental, Provenance, Rare earth element, Sediment},
	issn = {10406182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2016.09.056},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.09.056},
	author = {Mi, Beibei and Liu, Shengfa and Shi, Xuefa and Li, Xiaoyan and Pan, Hui-Juan and Chen, Min-Te and Wang, Xuchen}
}
@article {Alizai201629,
	title = {Indus Basin sediment provenance constrained using garnet geochemistry},
	journal = {Journal of Asian Earth Sciences},
	volume = {126},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {29 - 57},
	abstract = {Abstract The chemical and mineralogical diversity of western Himalayan rivers is the result of each of them draining different tectonic and lithologic units, whose character is partly transferred to the sediments carried by those rivers. Garnet geochemistry was employed to discriminate provenance in the Indus River system. We characterized the geochemistry of garnet sediment grains from the modern Indus and all its major tributaries, as well as the related but ephemeral Ghaggar-Hakra River and dune sand from the Thar Desert. Garnet geochemistry displays a unique signature for the Himalayan rivers on the east of the Indus drainage compared to those in the western drainage. The trunk Indus remains distinct because of the dominant arc-type pyrope-garnet derived from Kohistan and the Karakoram. The Jhellum, which lies just east of the modern Indus has modest concentrations of arc-type pyrope garnets, which are more depleted in the other eastern tributaries. Their presence in the Jhellum reflects recycling of trunk Indus garnets through the Miocene Siwalik Group foreland sedimentary rocks. The Thar Desert dune sample contains significant numbers of grains similar to those in the trunk Indus, likely reworked by monsoon winds from the SW. Our data further indicate the presence of a Himalayan river channel east of the present Indus, close to the delta, in the Nara River valley during the middle Holocene. Sands from this channel cannot be distinguished from the Indus on the basis of their garnet geochemistry alone but we favour their sedimentation from an Indus channel rather than reworking of desert sands by another stream. The garnet geochemistry shows some potential as a provenance tool, but cannot be used alone to uniquely discriminate Indus Basin provenance.},
	keywords = {Provenance},
	issn = {1367-9120},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.05.023},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367912016301481},
	author = {Anwar Alizai and Peter D. Clift and John Still}
}
