@article {denton_zealandia_2021,
	title = {The Zealandia Switch: Ice age climate shifts viewed from Southern Hemisphere moraines},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {257},
	year = {2021},
	month = {04/2021},
	pages = {106771},
	abstract = {Two fundamental questions about the ice-age climate system await satisfactory resolution. First, if summer solar radiation intensity truly controls the orbital signature of the last glacial cycle, then why were major climatic shifts, including the last termination, globally synchronous? Second, what caused the millennial-scale climate oscillations superimposed on this cycle? We address these questions from a Southern Hemisphere perspective focused on mid-latitude mountain ice fields. We put particular emphasis on the last glacial termination, which involved both orbital-scale and millennial-scale climate elements and has generally well-resolved chronological control. Sustained retreat of mountain glaciers, documented by detailed mapping and chronology of glacial landforms in the Southern Alps and southern Andes, marked the termination of the last ice age, beginning \~{}18 kyrs ago and involved a change from glacial to near-interglacial atmospheric temperature within a millennium or two. A rapid poleward shift of the Subtropical Front, delineating the northern margin of the Southern Ocean, \~{}18 kyrs ago implies a concurrent poleward shift of the austral westerlies and leads us to hypothesize a southern origin for the dominant phase of the last glacial termination. Together with interhemispheric paleoclimate records and with results of coupled ocean-atmosphere climate modeling, these findings suggest a big, fast, and global end to the last ice age in which a southern-sourced warming episode linked the hemispheres. We posit that a shift in the Southern Ocean circulation and austral westerly wind system, tied to southern orbital forcing, caused this global warming episode by affecting the tropical heat engine and hence global climate. Central to this hypothesis, dubbed the {\textquoteleft}Zealandia Switch{\textquoteright}, is the location of the Australia and Zealandia continents relative to Southern Hemisphere oceanic and atmospheric circulation. Coupled ocean-atmosphere climate modeling shows that the locus of the austral westerlies, whether in a more equatorward position representing a glacial-mode climate or in a poleward-shifted position marking interglacial-mode climate, has profound effects on oceanic and associated atmospheric linkages between the tropical Pacific and the Southern Ocean. Shifts in the austral westerlies have global climatic consequences, especially through resulting changes in the greenhouse gas content of the atmosphere and altered heat flux from the tropical Pacific into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. We suggest that the last glacial termination was a global warming episode that led to extreme seasonality in northern latitudes by stimulating a flush of meltwater and icebergs into the North Atlantic from adjoining ice sheets. This fresh-water influx resulted in widespread North Atlantic sea ice that caused very cold boreal winters, thus amplifying the annual southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the monsoonal rain belts. We further suggest that muted manifestations of the Zealandia Switch mechanism were responsible for smaller, recurring millennial-scale climate oscillations within the last glacial cycle.},
	keywords = {Climate dynamics, Climate modeling, Cosmogenic isotopes, Geomorphology, Glacial, Glaciation, paleoclimatology, Quaternary, South Pacific Ocean, Southern Hemisphere westerlies, Southern Ocean},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106771},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379120307332},
	author = {Denton, George H. and Putnam, Aaron E. and Russell, Joellen L. and Barrell, David J. A. and Schaefer, Joerg M. and Kaplan, Michael R. and Strand, Peter D.}
}
@article {2816,
	title = {The role of sediment compaction and groundwater withdrawal in local sea-level rise, Sandy Hook, New Jersey, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {181},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-02-2018},
	pages = {30 - 42},
	abstract = {The rate of relative sea-level (RSL) rise at Sandy Hook, NJ (4.0 {\textpm} 0.5 mm/yr) was higher than The Battery, NY (3.0 {\textpm} 0.3 mm/yr) from 1900 to 2012 despite being separated by just 26 km. The difference cannot be explained by differential glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA; 1.4 {\textpm} 0.4 and 1.3 {\textpm} 0.4 mm/yr RSL rise, respectively) alone. We estimate the contribution of sediment compaction to subsidence at Sandy Hook using high-resolution grain size, percent organic matter, and porosity data from three upper Quaternary (<=13,350 cal yr) cores. The organic matter content (<2\%) is too low to contribute to local subsidence. However, numerical modeling of the grain size-depth-age-porosity relationship indicates that compaction of deglacial silts likely reduced the column thickness by 10{\textendash}20\% over the past 13,350 cal yrs. While compaction rates were high immediately after the main silt deposition (13,350{\textendash}13,150 cal yrs BP), rates decreased exponentially after deposition to an average 20th century rate of 0.16 mm/yr (90\% Confidence Interval (C.I.), 0.06{\textendash}0.32 mm/yr). The remaining \~{}0.7 mm/yr (90\% C.I. 0.3{\textendash}1.2 mm/yr) difference in subsidence between Sandy Hook and The Battery is likely due to anthropogenic groundwater withdrawal. Historical data from Fort Hancock wells (2 km to the southeast of the Sandy Hook tide gauge) and previous regional work show that local and regional water extraction lowered the water levels in the aquifers underlying Sandy Hook. We suggest that the modern order of contribution to subsidence (highest to lowest) appears to be GIA, local/regional groundwater extraction, and compaction of thick Quaternary silts.},
	keywords = {Marginal marine, North America, numerical modeling, Quaternary, Sea-level change, sedimentology},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.11.031},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379117303657},
	author = {Johnson, Christopher S. and Miller, Kenneth G. and Browning, James V. and Kopp, Robert E. and Khan, Nicole S. and Fan, Ying and Stanford, Scott D. and Horton, Benjamin P.}
}
@article {Li2016282,
	title = {Late Quaternary fingerprints of precession and sea level variation over the past 35~kyr as revealed by sea surface temperature and upwelling records from the Indian Ocean near southernmost Sumatra},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {425},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {282 - 291},
	abstract = {Abstract We report high-resolution paleoclimatic reconstructions using isotope, alkenone sea surface temperature (SST), productivity, and terrigenous proxy variations over the past 35~kyr from core SO184-10043 (07{\textdegree}18.57'S, 105{\textdegree}03.53'E) in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean offshore of southernmost (S) Sumatra. The core was retrieved at 2171~m water depth, from the monsoon driven seasonal upwelling area off southernmost Sumatra. Our paleoclimatic reconstructions show that an enhanced marine productivity was closely linked to strengthening of coastal upwelling during the increases of boreal summer insolation and associated southeastern (SE) monsoon strength, with pronounced semi-precession cycles (\~{}11~kyr). In contrast, our record of alkenone \{SSTs\} shows glacial to interglacial, a sea-level variation, but this fluctuates at dominant precession cycles (\~{}21~kyr). We also observed four \{SST\} {\textquotedblleft}plateaus{\textquotedblright} with relatively warmer hydrographic stability in our records over the past 35~kyr: 32-27~ka, 24-20~ka, 17-12~ka, and 9-4~ka. The time scale of each plateau is \~{}4-6~kyr. Our study indicates that since the last glacial maximum (LGM), the sea level rise has been responsible for the Sunda shelf flooding and the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) from the South China Sea (SCS) to the eastern Indian Ocean, leaving a dominant fingerprint of a glacial to interglacial increase in \{SSTs\} since \~{}9.5~ka We further argue that the a most recent centennial to millennial scale cooling at \~{}3.5~ka observed in our \{SST\} record is a widespread event in the tropical Pacific, which has implications for advancing our understanding of the climate dynamics of the tropical oceans at these time scales.},
	keywords = {Quaternary},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.07.013},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618216308722},
	author = {Ziye Li and Xuefa Shi and Min-Te Chen and Houjie Wang and Shengfa Liu and Jian Xu and Haiyan Long and Rainer Arief Troa and Rina Zuraida and Eko Triarso}
}
@article { ISI:000306950700015,
	title = {Paleoseismic and geomorphologic evidence of recent tectonic activity of the Pozohondo Fault (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain)},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF IBERIAN GEOLOGY},
	volume = {38},
	number = {{1, SI}},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {239-251},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Instrumental and historical seismicity in the Albacete province (External Prebetic Zone) has been scarcely recorded. However, major strike-slip faults showing NW-SE trending provide geomorphologic and paleoseismic evidence of recent tectonic activity (Late Pleistocene to Present). Moreover, these faults are consistently well oriented under the present stress tensor and therefore, they can trigger earthquakes of magnitude greater than M6, according to the lengths of surface ruptures and active segments recognized in fieldwork. Present landscape nearby the village of Hellin (SE of Albacete) is determined by the recent activity of the Pozohondo Fault (FPH), a NW-SE right-lateral fault with 90 km in length. In this study, we have calculated the Late Quaternary tectonic slip-rate of the FPH from geomorphological, sedimentological, archaeoseimological, and paleoseismological approaches. All of these data suggest that the FPH runs with a minimum slip-rate of 0.1 mm/yr during the last 100 kyrs (Upper Pleistocene-Holocene). In addition, we have recognized the last two major paleoearthquakes associated to this fault. Magnitudes of these paleoearthquakes were gretarer than M6 and their recurrence intervals ranged from 6600 to 8600 yrs for the seismic cycle of FPH. The last earthquake was dated between the 1st and 6th centuries, though two earthquakes could be interpreted in this wide time interval, one at the FPH and other from a far field source. Results obtained here, suggest an increasing of the tectonic activity of the Pozohondo Fault during the last 10,000 yrs.},
	keywords = {Geomorphology, Paleoseismology, Prebetic, Quaternary, SE Spain},
	issn = {1698-6180},
	doi = {10.5209/rev_JIGE.2012.v38.n1.39216},
	author = {Rodriguez-Pascua, M. A. and Perez-Lopez, R. and Garduno-Monroy, V. H. and Giner-Robles, J. L. and Silva, P. G. and Perucha-Atienza, M. A. and Hernandez-Madrigal, V. M. and Bischoff, J.}
}
@conference {1587,
	title = {A Champlain Sea phocid seal fossil from the Champlain Lowland at Plattsburgh, New York},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 2214; Source type: conferencepapers\&proceedings; Object type: Article; Object type: Conference Paper; Copyright: GeoRef, Copyright 2010, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States; CSAUnique: 2010-092590; AccNum: 2010-092590; ISSN: 0016-7592; CODEN: GAAPBC},
	month = {2010},
	pages = {68},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO, United States (USA)},
	organization = {Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO, United States (USA)},
	address = {United States (USA)},
	abstract = {A SUNY Plattsburgh environmental geotechnology class uncovered several bones, most likely from a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), from exposures of Champlain Sea mud at the former Plattsburgh Air Force Base marina. The glacial section at the site contains a complete record of late Wisconsinan deglaciation in the Champlain lowland. A 1.5 to 2.0 meter thick section of fresh water ostracode (Candona subtriangulata) bearing, thinly laminated proglacial lacustrine rhythmites overlie massive gray diamicton near the base of the section. The lacustrine rhythmites contain a 0.0 to 0.2 meter thick layer of medium sand that may record one or more breakout floods from the Ontario and St. Lawrence lowlands. The lacustrine rhythmites grade upward to thinly laminated transitional rhythmites that contain marine and fresh water microfaunal assemblages. Approximately 1.5 to 2.0 meters of thinly laminated to massive, fossiliferous marine mud overlies the transitional facies, which in turn grades upward to an approximately 7-meter thick section of horizontally bedded silt and sand. The seal bones came from massive marine mud just below the transition to silt and sand. The accidental fossil find occurred as the class collected mud samples for a slope stability analysis of the bluffs along the present shoreline of Lake Champlain. The collection consists of the tibia and fibula from both legs, four vertebrae, four ribs, an astragalus, a tarsal bone, a phalange, a molar and half of the mandible with a canine tooth attached. Collagen extracted from a piece of fibula has been sent to the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS) for radiocarbon dating. The find represents the second phocid fossil recovered from the Champlain lowland. The left tibial shaft from another harbor seal, originally misidentified as a hooded seal (Cystophora cristata), was found in Plattsburgh in 1901. Harbor seals on the east coast of North America presently range from the mid-Atlantic region to the Canadian Arctic.},
	keywords = {11, 24, bones, Carnivora, Cenozoic, Champlain Lowland, Champlain Sea, Chordata, Clinton County New York, Eutheria, lacustrine environment, Lake Champlain, lake sediments, Mammalia, New York, North America, Phoca, Phocidae, Pinnipedia, planar bedding structures, Plattsburgh New York, Pleistocene, Quaternary, Quaternary geology, rhythmite, sedimentary structures, sediments, taphonomy, Tetrapoda, Theria, United States, upper Pleistocene, upper Wisconsinan, Vertebrata, Vertebrate paleontology, Wisconsinan},
	author = {Franzi, David A. and Feranec, Robert and Rayburn, John A.}
}
@conference {1673,
	title = {Late Quaternary paleo-lake fluctuations in westernmost Tibet},
	booktitle = {2008 Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union (AGU 2008)},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1913; TY: CPAPER; NO: Source type: conferencepapers\&proceedings; Object type: Conference Paper; CSAUnique: CPI-5461640; AccNum: 5461640(USA)
},
	month = {2008},
	keywords = {China, People{\textquoteright}s Rep., Xizang, Paleo studies, Quaternary},
	author = {Amidon, W. and Blard, P. and Avouac, J. and Schneider, T.},
	editor = {San Francisco, California}
}
@article {1878,
	title = {Oxygen and carbon isotope records of calcareous nannofossils from the west Philippine Sea during the last 190ka},
	journal = {Earth Science.Journal of China University of Geoscience},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1933; NO: Source type: scholarlyjournals; Object type: Article; Copyright: GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2011, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef.; CSAUnique: 570969-5; AccNum: 570969-5; ISSN: 1000-2383; Peer Reviewed: true},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {183-183-189},
	abstract = {The piston core Ph05-5 recovered from the West Philippine Sea(16.049 degrees N, 124.344 degrees E, water depth 3382m) was used to study the delta (super 18) O and delta (super 13) C variations of calcareous nannofossils. The delta (super 18) O values of calcareous nannofossils were obviously lower in Holocene and the last interglaciation than those in the last and the penultimate glaciation. During the last 190 ka the nannofossil delta (super 18) O values were positively correlated with those of planktonic and benthic foraminifera from the same core. But the average delta (super 18) O value of nannofossils was 0.431X10 (super -3) , higher than that of planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides rubber, and was 0.410X10 (super -3) , lower than that of planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina dutertrei. All the above three average delta (super 18) O values were much lower than those of benthic foraminifera Cibicides wullerstorfi. The change of nannofossil delta (super 13) C values showed similar trends with the absolute abundance of calcareous nannofossils in core Ph05-5, which also indicates the primary productivity variations in the West Philippine Sea. The primary productivity stayed at a stable but relatively low level at MIS 6 and MIS 5e.There was an abrupt rise at the beginning of MIS 5d for the primary productivity which retained high value until 25 ka BP. The primary productivity showed a slight decline during MIS 2 and MIS 1, but still higher than that of MIS 6 and MIS 5e.},
	keywords = {02D, 24, algae, biochemistry, C-13/C-12, carbon, Cenozoic, Foraminifera, Geochemistry, Holocene, Invertebrata, Isotope geochemistry, isotope ratios, isotopes, Last glacial maximum, microfossils, nannofossils, north pacific, Northwest Pacific, O-18/O-16, oxygen, Pacific Ocean, paleo-oceanography, Philippine Sea, Plantae, Pleistocene, productivity, Protista, Quaternary, Quaternary geology, Stable isotopes, upper Pleistocene, West Pacific},
	isbn = {1000-2383, 1000-2383},
	author = {Jingtao, Zhao and Li, Tiegang and Chang, Fengming and Li, Jun}
}
@conference {1802,
	title = {Taphonomy and ages of bivalve shells from San Salvador Island, Bahamas},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2219; Source type: conferencepapers\&proceedings; Object type: Article; Object type: Conference Paper; Copyright: GeoRef, Copyright 2008, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data supplied by the Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, United States; CSAUnique: 2010-024085; AccNum: 2010-024085; ISSN: 0016-7592; CODEN: GAAPBC},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {230},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO, United States (USA)},
	organization = {Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO, United States (USA)},
	address = {United States (USA)},
	abstract = {Paleontological interpretations of taphonomic processes can be complimented by examining abrasion and age of shells in modern settings. A preliminary analysis of the ages of bivalves from Haitian Boat Beach (just east of Barkers Point, northwest coast of San Salvador Island, Bahamas) provides a range of ages of shell material exposed on modern beaches of San Salvador Island and provides estimates of the timing of beach rock lithification. At Haitian Boat Beach Beach, bivalves and gastropods were collected from shell accumulations preserved on the beach as well as within a single 3 to 5-cm thick horizon of beach rock. The ages of 2 valves (Genus Chione) from the beach and 4 valves (Genus Chione and Genus Glycymeris) from the beach rock were analyzed. Two of the most abraded shells were selected for analysis from the beach in an attempt to get a maximum age of beach shell material. These shells were radiocarbon dated by measuring carbon-14 at NOSAMS and converted to calendar years using the CALIB program of Stuiver and Reimer (1993). Two abraded valves collected from the beach yielded calendar year ages BP of 512 and 549 years. The beach rock valves yielded calendar year ages BP of 143, 129, and 1628. These results suggest lithification of beach rock was initiated},
	keywords = {10, abrasion, absolute age, Bahamas, beachrock, Bivalvia, C-14, carbon, carbonate rocks, Caribbean region, Cenozoic, Chione, dates, Gastropoda, Glycymeris, Heterodonta, Holocene, interpretation, Invertebrata, Invertebrate paleontology, isotopes, lithification, living taxa, Mollusca, Quaternary, radioactive isotopes, San Salvador, sedimentary rocks, sediments, shells, taphonomy, upper Holocene, Veneridae, Veneroida, West Indies},
	author = {Pruss, Sara B.}
}
@article {1908,
	title = {Late Holocene barrier island collapse; Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA},
	journal = {The Sedimentary Record},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1887; ISSN: 1543-8740 Language: English References: 16; illus. incl. strat. col., geol. sketch map United States (USA) Latitude:N350000,N353000 Longitude:W0753000,W0760000},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {4-8},
	abstract = {We document here the threat of large scale destruction (collapse) of barrier islands based on the study of many cores taken along the Outer Banks and in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina.Around 1,100 cal yr BP, probably as the result of hurricane activity, portions of the southern Outer Banks must have collapsed to allow normal salinity waters to bathe southern Pamlico Sound for several hundred years. Such collapse could occur again during our current regime of global warming, rising sea level and increased tropical cyclone activity. The economic effect of barrier island break collapse on Outer Banks communities would be devastating.},
	keywords = {24, Quaternary geology, algae, assemblages, barrier islands, Cenozoic, changes, clastic sediments, cores, diatoms, erosion, Foraminifera, geologic hazards, Holocene, hurricanes, Invertebrata, landform evolution, lithofacies, littoral, microfossils, North Carolina, Outer Banks, Pamlico Sound, Plantae, preservation, Protista, Quaternary, salinity, sand, sea-level, sediments, United States, upper Holocene, Vibroseis},
	author = {Culver, Stephen J. and Grand Pre, Candace A. and Mallinson, David J. and Riggs, Stanley R. and Corbett, D. Reide and Foley, Jennifer and Hale, Michael and Metger, Lauren and Ricardo, John and Rosenberger, Jeb and Smith, Christopher G. and Smith, Curtis W. and Snyder, Scott W. and Twamley, David and Farrell, Kathleen and Horton, Benjamin}
}
@inbook {1390,
	title = {North Atlantic intermediate depth variability during the Younger Dryas; evidence from benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca and the GFDL R30 coupled climate model},
	booktitle = {Geophysical Monograph, vol. 173},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 857; American Geophysical Union 2005 fall meeting, San Francisco, CA, United States, Dec 5-9, 2005 NSF grants OCE-0096495, ATM-0502428, OCE-0096472, OCE-0220776 and ATM-0501351 References: 72; illus.; Y},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {247-263},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
	organization = {American Geophysical Union},
	address = {Washington},
	keywords = {24, Quaternary geology, Atlantic Ocean, benthic environment, Cenozoic, chemical ratios, Foraminifera, Glaciation, Gulf of Mexico, ice cores, Invertebrata, isotope ratios, isotopes, Little Bahama Bank, Mg/Ca, microfossils, North Atlantic, O-18/O-16, oxygen, paleo-oceanography, paleobathymetry, paleosalinity, paleotemperature, Pleistocene, Protista, Quaternary, Stable isotopes, Straits of Florida, upper, upper Weichselian, Weichselian, Younger Dryas},
	isbn = {9780875904382},
	author = {Came, Rosemarie E. and Curry, William B. and Oppo, Delia W. and Broccoli, Anthony J. and Stouffer, Ronald J. and Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean},
	editor = {Schmittner, Andreas}
}
