@article {2636,
	title = {Using Stable Carbon Isotopes to Quantify Radiocarbon Reservoir Age Offsets in the Coastal Black SeaAbstract},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-02-2019},
	pages = {309 - 318},
	abstract = {Constraining radiocarbon (C-14) reservoir age offsets is critical to deriving accurate calendar-age chronologies from C-14 dating of materials which did not draw carbon directly from the atmosphere. The application of C-14 dating to such materials is severely limited in hydrologically sensitive environments like the Black Sea because of the difficulty to quantify reservoir age offsets, which can vary quickly and significantly through time, due to the dynamics of the biogeochemical cycling of carbon. Here we reconstruct C-14 reservoir age offsets (Rshell-atm) of Holocene bivalve shells from the coastal Black Sea relatively to their contemporaneous atmosphere. We show that the C-14 reservoir age offset and the stable carbon isotope composition of bivalve shells are linearly correlated in this region. From a biogeochemical standpoint, this suggests that inorganic stable carbon isotope and C-14 compositions of Black Sea coastal waters are controlled by the balance between autochthonous primary productivity and heterotrophic respiration of allochthonous pre-aged terrestrial organic matter supplied by rivers. This provided an important implication for Black Sea geochronology as the reservoir age offset of C-14-dated bivalve shell can be inferred from its stable carbon isotope composition. Our results provide a fundamental and inexpensive geochemical tool which will considerably improve the accuracy of Holocene calendar age chronologies in the Black Sea.},
	keywords = {Black Sea, Carbon cycle, freshwater reservoir effect, Geochronology, Reservoir age},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2018.61},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822218000619/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033822218000619},
	author = {Soulet, Guillaume and Giosan, Liviu and Flaux, Cl{\'e}ment and Galy, Valier}
}
@article { ISI:000372829700018,
	title = {A Note on Reporting of Reservoir C-14 Disequilibria and Age Offsets},
	journal = {RADIOCARBON},
	volume = {58},
	number = {{1}},
	year = {2016},
	month = {MAR},
	pages = {205-211},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Reservoir age offsets are widely used to correct marine and speleothem radiocarbon age measurements for various calibration purposes. They also serve as a powerful tracer for carbon cycle dynamics. However, a clear terminology regarding reservoir age offsets is lacking, sometimes leading to miscalculations. This note seeks to provide consistent conventions for reporting reservoir C-14 disequilibria useful to a broad range of environmental sciences. This contribution introduces the (FR)-R-14 and R-14 metrics to express the relative C-14 disequilibrium between two contemporaneous reservoirs and the R metric as the associated reservoir age offset.},
	keywords = {freshwater effect, hardwater effect, radiocarbon, Reservoir age, Reservoir effect, ventilation age},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2015.22},
	author = {Soulet, Guillaume and Skinner, Luke C. and Beaupr{\'e}, Steven R. and Galy, Valier}
}
@article { ISI:000358629300010,
	title = {Methods and codes for reservoir-atmosphere C-14 age offset calculations},
	journal = {QUATERNARY GEOCHRONOLOGY},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2015},
	month = {AUG},
	pages = {97-103},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Reservoir C-14 age offsets are invaluable tracers for past changes in carbon cycle and oceanic circulation. Reconstruction of reservoir age offsets with time is also required for calibration purposes (reconstruction of atmospheric calibration curve, calibration of non-atmospheric radiocarbon ages). Thus, properly propagating the various uncertainties linked to reservoir age offset is important for proper interpretation. However, approaches for reservoir age offset calculation especially when considering pairs of reservoir-derived C-14 and calenidar ages are usually not detailed and inadequate for proper propagation of uncertainties. Here, the various ways to properly calculate reservoir age offsets are described with a focus on a new approach when considering pairs of C-14 and calendar ages. This approach maps the calendar age distribution onto the C-14 time scale prior to reservoir age offset calculation the {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}uncalibration-convolution process{{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}}. R codes computing reservoir age offsets based on available data are presented. Finally, a case study focusing on the reconstruction of the speleothem-atmosphere C-14 age offsets of speleothem C-14 data used in the latest release of the atmospheric calibration curve is discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Calibration curve, Dead carbon fraction, Radiocarbon modeling, Reservoir age, Reservoir effect, Uncalibration process},
	issn = {1871-1014},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quageo.2015.05.023},
	author = {Soulet, Guillaume}
}
@article {2020,
	title = {Compound-specific radiocarbon dating of the varved Holocene sedimentary record of Saanich Inlet, Canada},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2004},
	note = {819piTimes Cited:18
Cited References Count:69
},
	month = {May 1},
	abstract = {[1] The radiocarbon contents of various biomarkers extracted from the varve-counted sediments of Saanich Inlet, Canada, were determined to assess their applicability for dating purposes. Calibrated ages obtained from the marine planktonic archaeal biomarker crenarchaeol compared favorably with varve-count ages. The same conclusion could be drawn for a more general archaeal biomarker (GDGT-0), although this biomarker proved to be less reliable due to its less-specific origin. The results also lend support to earlier indications that marine crenarchaeota use dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) as their carbon source. The average reservoir age offset DeltaR of 430 years, determined using the crenarchaeol radiocarbon ages, varied by +/-110 years. This may be caused by natural variations in ocean-atmosphere mixing or upwelling at the NE Pacific coast but variability may also be due to an inconsistency in the marine calibration curve when used at sites with high reservoir ages.},
	keywords = {british-columbia, compound-specific radiocarbon dating, crenarchaeol, ionization mass-spectrometry, marine-sediments, mediterranean sea, membrane-lipids, ne pacific, odp leg 169s, organic-matter, pacific-ocean, rapid isolation, Reservoir age, reservoir ages, saanich inlet},
	isbn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/2003PA000927},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000221326700001},
	author = {Smittenberg, R. H. and Hopmans, E. C. and Schouten, S. and Hayes, J. M. and Eglinton, T. I. and Damste, J. S. S.}
}
