@article {edgerton_evaluating_2024,
	title = {Evaluating middle to late Holocene climate variability from δ18O of aquatic invertebrate remains in southwestern Greenland},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {333},
	year = {2024},
	month = {06/2024},
	pages = {108664},
	abstract = {Holocene paleotemperature records from ice-free margins of Greenland suggest spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the timing of key climate transitions following retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet. However, the paucity of high-resolution climate records from this region limits our understanding of the timing, spatial variation, and drivers of Holocene climate variability. Here, we present a middle to late Holocene climate reconstruction based on δ18O of aquatic invertebrate (chironomid and cladoceran) remains and sediment geochemistry from lake sediments to elucidate millennial to submillennial-scale drivers of climate in southwestern Greenland. We establish that our site, Arrowhead Lake, is a through-flowing basin with an integrated signal of annual meteoric water with no evidence of significant evaporative enrichment. Core sediment geochemistry captures the transition from minerogenic-dominated to organic-rich sediments \~{}8~cal ka BP. Chitin-based δ18O measurements of both chironomid head capsules and ephippia exhibit similar temporal variability through the record, broadly decreasing from 8.2~cal ka BP to present, concurrent with decreasing summer insolation and regional Neoglacial cooling. A simplified assumption that temperature is the sole driver of changes in isotopes of precipitation yields an estimated average temperature change from the middle to late Holocene at Arrowhead Lake of 2.1{\textendash}3.0~{\textdegree}C, comparable to existing estimates of middle to late Holocene temperature decline in western Greenland. Depleted δ18O values after 3.3~cal ka BP correspond to the onset of Neoglacial cooling and independent evidence for a slowdown of the West Greenland Current, and suggests that both temperature and sea-ice variability were important controls on isotopic variability at this site. Highly depleted isotopic values at 8.2~cal ka BP followed by high isotopic variability in the early part of the middle Holocene suggests that our record may capture regional 8.2 ka cooling. This new isotope record provides insight into climate influences during the middle and late Holocene along the western Greenland margin that are important for understanding how ongoing melt of the Greenland Ice Sheet and amplified warming in the Arctic may impact the climate system.},
	keywords = {Chitin, Greenland, Holocene, paleoclimatology, Stable isotopes, δO},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108664},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124001653},
	author = {Edgerton, Briana A. and Axford, Yarrow and Chipman, Melissa L.}
}
@article {puleo_younger_2022,
	title = {Younger Dryas and early Holocene climate in south Greenland inferred from oxygen isotopes of chironomids, aquatic Moss, and Moss cellulose},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {296},
	year = {2022},
	month = {11/2022},
	pages = {107810},
	abstract = {Ice core records have long indicated that the Younger Dryas began and ended with large, abrupt climate shifts over Greenland. Key climatic features remain unknown, including the magnitude of warming during the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition along with the seasonality and spatial variability of Younger Dryas climate changes across Greenland. Here, we use geochemical and paleoecological proxies from lake sediments at Lake N14 in south Greenland to address these outstanding questions. Radiocarbon dating and diatom assemblages confirm early deglaciation and isolation of Lake N14 before \~{}13,600~cal~yr BP, consistent with previous work. Oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) of chironomid head capsules, bulk aquatic moss, and aquatic moss-derived cellulose are used to reconstruct oxygen isotopes of past lake water and annual precipitation. Oxygen isotope proxies indicate annual precipitation δ18O values increased by 5.9{\textendash}7.7{\textperthousand} at the end of the Younger Dryas. Following the Younger Dryas, moss and cellulose δ18O values show a clear decline in precipitation δ18O values of 2{\textendash}3{\textperthousand} from \~{}11,540{\textendash}11,340~cal~yr BP that may correspond with the Preboreal Oscillation. Reconstructed precipitation δ18O values then gradually increased from 11,300{\textendash}10,100~cal~yr BP. All three aquatic organic materials register similar shifts in precipitation δ18O values over time, and they closely parallel the δ18O shifts observed in ice cores. This evidence strongly supports the utility of these methods for reconstructing lake water δ18O, and furthermore precipitation δ18O values where lake water reflects precipitation. The relatively large shift in isotopic composition of precipitation at Lake N14 suggests that shifts in temperature, precipitation seasonality, and/or moisture sources at the end of the Younger Dryas were even larger in south Greenland than they were in central Greenland, most likely because of the proximity to major changes in North Atlantic Ocean circulation. The annual air temperature change estimated at Lake N14 at the end of the Younger Dryas is also very large (\~{}18~{\textpm}~7~{\textdegree}C) compared to the summer warming previously inferred from chironomid species assemblages there (\~{}6~{\textdegree}C). This indicates that the strongest warming at the end of the Younger Dryas occurred in the winter season, consistent with past observations of intensified Younger Dryas seasonality at Lake N14 and elsewhere in Greenland.},
	keywords = {Chironomids, Deglaciation, diatoms, Greenland, Holocene, Micropaleontology, paleoclimatology, paleolimnology, Stable isotopes, Younger Dryas},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107810},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379122004413},
	author = {Puleo, Peter J. K. and Masterson, Andrew L. and Medeiros, Andrew S. and Schellinger, Grace and Steigleder, Regan and Woodroffe, Sarah and Osburn, Magdalena R. and Axford, Yarrow}
}
@article {2688,
	title = {Holocene temperature and landscape history of southwest Greenland inferred from isotope and geochemical lake sediment proxies},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {239},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-07-2020},
	pages = {106358},
	abstract = {Terrestrial temperature reconstructions from the ice-free margins of Greenland are critical for constraining the sensitivity of the Greenland ice sheet to past climate change. Numerous investigations have clarified the glacial history of southwest Greenland in recent decades; however, very few local quantitative temperature reconstructions exist as context for changes in the cryosphere. We examine sedimentary records from two lakes south of Nuuk, Greenland (informally named lakes T1 and T2), and investigate millennial scale Holocene climate change using a multi-proxy approach. Changes in X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), δ15N, δ13C and biogenic silica concentrations of bulk lake sediments mark the transition from a marine environment to isolated lakes as relative sea level fell in the early Holocene. δ18O values of subfossil insects (chironomids) from lakes T1 and T2 decreased by 2{\textendash}3{\textperthousand} from c. 8.8 ka BP (minimum limiting age for the onset of lacustrine sediment deposition in lake T2; ka BP = thousands of years before 1950) to 1 ka BP. Existing isotope-independent temperature reconstructions from the west coast of Greenland suggest that these changes in δ18O values accompanied gradual cooling of 2{\textendash}4 {\textdegree}C, concomitant with decreasing summer insolation. There is widespread regional evidence that this cooling resulted in progressive regrowth of local glaciers and of the ice sheet. The regional consensus on the magnitude of this temperature change indicates that the local, modern modeled temperature - precipitation δ18O relationship cannot be used to quantify millennial-scale temperature changes at these sites through the Holocene. This reinforces that studies utilizing δ18O-based proxies to infer temperature change should carefully assess local isotope-temperature relationships over space and time.},
	keywords = {Chironomids, glaciers, Greenland, Isolation basins, lake sediments, oxygen isotopes, Paleotemperatures, Stable isotopes},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106358},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379120303206},
	author = {Lasher, G. Everett and Axford, Yarrow and Masterson, Andrew L. and Berman, Karalyn and Larocca, Laura J.}
}
@article {2690,
	title = {Late glacial and Holocene paleoenvironments in the midcontinent United States, inferred from Geneva Lake leaf wax, ostracode valve, and bulk sediment chemistry},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {241},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-08-2020},
	pages = {106384},
	abstract = {Geneva Lake in Wisconsin, USA, is > 20,000 years old and contains a 30-m thick lacustrine sediment record of mid-continent North American climate and environmental change. Here we describe a sediment record from Geneva Lake spanning the past 14,500 years. From scanning X-ray fluorescence, organic C and N concentrations and isotopes, X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, and grain size of bulk sediments, we infer changes in sediment sources over time including: abrupt decline in inputs of remobilized loess \~{}13,400 cal yr BP followed by a gradual transition to organic-rich marl deposition by \~{}10,400 cal yr BP as the landscape stabilized following a period of permafrost thaw and vegetation development; deposition of a minerogenic unit at \~{}8,200 cal yr BP that may record enhanced eolian activity during the widespread {\textquotedblleft}8.2 ka event; {\textquotedblright} and elevated zinc, lead, and arsenic from human activities following regional industrialization. Within the Holocene marl, we also use isotopic (δ18O and δ13C) and trace metal ratio (Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca) analyses of ostracode valves paired with concentrations and hydrogen isotopic composition (δ2H) of leaf wax n-alkanes to infer climate and hydrological change. Groundwater had a large but declining influence on lake water chemistry from 11,800 to 9,700 cal yr BP, precluding inferences of regional climate from our lacustrine proxies during this period. δ2H values of terrestrial n-C29 alkanes show little variability from 9,700 to present, indicating the average isotopic composition of local precipitation was relatively stable, reflecting stable condensation temperatures and source. In contrast, a gradual trend towards more δ18O- and δ2H-depleted lake water and lower lake water Sr/Ca from 9700 cal yr BP to present suggest decreasing evaporation of lake water and increasing precipitation amounts throughout the Holocene and resulting shorter lake water residence times. Lake water Mg/Ca variations over the past 9,700 years broadly parallel regional pollen-based reconstructions of summer temperatures. Neither Mg/Ca nor terrestrial leaf wax δ2H suggest long-term directional shifts in temperature at this site through the middle to late Holocene, as climate became wetter. It appears that precipitation isotopes did not track local temperatures on millennial timescales in this part of mid-continent North America through the Holocene, and instead may have covaried with changes in Northern Hemisphere latitudinal temperature gradients driven by large Arctic temperature changes.},
	keywords = {Holocene, Inorganic geochemistry, Loess, North America, Organic geochemistry, paleoclimatology, paleolimnology, Pleistocene, sedimentology, Stable isotopes},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106384},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379120303462},
	author = {Puleo, Peter J.K. and Axford, Yarrow and McFarlin, Jamie M. and Curry, B. Brandon and Barklage, Mitchell and Osburn, Magdalena R.}
}
@article {2893,
	title = {Response of shallow-sea benthic foraminifera to environmental changes off the coast of Goa, eastern Arabian Sea, during the last \~{}6100 cal yr BPAbstract},
	journal = {Geological Magazine},
	volume = {157},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-03-2020},
	pages = {497 - 505},
	abstract = {We have analysed a 6100-year record of benthic and planktonic foraminifera from inner neritic sediments from Core SK291/GC13, off the Goa coast, eastern Arabian Sea, to understand the response of benthic foraminifera to shallow-marine processes. The benthic foraminiferal assemblage is dominated by Nonion cf. asterizans, Ammonia beccarii, A. gaimardii and Virgulinella fragilis, which have been selected on the basis of a population of 10\% or more in any three samples analysed. The planktonic foraminiferal population is sporadic and rare, with Globigerinoides ruber as the predominant species showing a variable trend. The foraminiferal proxies combined with total organic carbon (wt\%) and δ13C and δ18O values of Ammonia gaimardii suggest distinct variations, indicating changes in productivity and salinity in the shallow eastern Arabian Sea. The coastal waters off Goa were relatively warmer and less saline between 6100 and 4600, or perhaps to 4200, calibrated years before the present (cal yr BP), corresponding to a stronger monsoon in South and East Asia. The shallow sea was cooler from ~4200 to 2600 cal yr BP in the study area, coinciding with a lower sea surface temperature in the northeastern Arabian Sea and an arid phase in the Indian subcontinent. From 2900 to 2600 cal yr BP the study core exhibits the impacts of short-term cold events, which have earlier been observed in the northeastern Arabian Sea, off Pakistan. During the Little Ice Age, the shallow sea off Goa was less productive.},
	keywords = {arabian sea, benthic foraminifera, Indian monsoon, Stable isotopes, western continental margin of India},
	issn = {0016-7568},
	doi = {10.1017/S0016756819000979},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0016756819000979/type/journal_article},
	author = {Saravanan, Ponnusamy and Gupta, Anil K. and Zheng, Hongbo and Panigrahi, Mruganka K. and Tiwari, Sameer K. and Rai, Santosh K. and Prakasam, Muthusamy}
}
@article {2900,
	title = {First record of the extinct ground sloth, Megalonyx jeffersonii, (Xenarthra, Megalonychidae) from New York and contributions to its paleoecology},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {530-531},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-10-2019},
	pages = {42 - 46},
	abstract = {The first record of the Jefferson ground sloth, Megalonyx jeffersonii, in New York is reported. The specimen consists of a partial synsacrum recovered from a peat deposit near Newburgh, Orange County. Compared to other synsacra of Megalonyx, the number of vertebrae is anomalous with one less caudal vertebra than expected. Stable isotope analysis of the bone shows a δ13C value of 20.5{\textperthousand} and implies a diet of only C3 plants. The specimen has a radiocarbon date of 11,450 {\textpm} 55 BP indicating the presence of this taxon in the region immediately prior to the extinction of the North American Pleistocene megafauna.},
	keywords = {Megalonyx jeffersonii, New York, Stable isotopes, Synsacrum},
	issn = {10406182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2018.11.021},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1040618218303252},
	author = {McDonald, H. Gregory and Feranec, Robert S. and Miller, Norton}
}
@article {2691,
	title = {Holocene and Last Interglacial climate of the Faroe Islands from sedimentary plant wax hydrogen and carbon isotopes},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {223},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-11-2019},
	pages = {105930},
	abstract = {The Last Interglacial period (LIG) is Earth{\textquoteright}s most recent globally warm period and is analogous in some ways to projected future global warming. However, questions remain regarding the state of the climate during the LIG in the North Atlantic, a region that is extremely sensitive to changes in oceanic and atmospheric circulation. Here, we present hydrogen and carbon isotope (δD and δ13C) records from a suite of plant wax biomarkers preserved in Holocene and LIG lacustrine sediments from the North Atlantic Faroe Islands and interpret them as qualitative proxies for temperature and hydroclimate variability. These data are used to directly compare LIG and Holocene climate using the same proxy approaches from the same terrestrial location. Measuring multiple isotopes on multiple types of waxes elucidates the sources of homologous plant waxes. We deduce that the δD values of long-chain n-alkanes (C27{\textendash}C33) and mid-chain n-alkanes (C23{\textendash}C25) in these sedimentary archives reflect leaf water and lake water δD values, respectively, while the δD values for both long-chain (C28{\textendash}C30) and mid-chain n-alkanoic acids (C24{\textendash}C26) primarily represent lake water δD values. Plant wax-inferred δD values of precipitation during the early Holocene (10,100 to 8,200  cal  yr BP) are \~{}35{\textperthousand} more positive than late Holocene values, and decline over the Holocene. δD-inferred hydrologic change and δ13C -inferred plant water use efficiency both indicate that the Faroe Islands became drier throughout the Holocene. Comparison with measurements from LIG plant waxes indicates that late LIG in the Faroe Islands was hydrologically similar to the early-to mid-Holocene (8,200 to 4,000  cal  yr BP), with enriched precipitation isotopes and reduced evapotranspiration indicating a warmer, wetter environment.},
	keywords = {Holocene, interglacial, North Atlantic, Organic geochemistry, paleoclimatology, Stable isotopes},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105930},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379119304251},
	author = {Curtin, Lorelei and D{\textquoteright}Andrea, William J. and Balascio, Nicholas and Pugsley, Genevieve and de Wet, Gregory and Bradley, Raymond}
}
@book {2720,
	title = {The Utility of Stable and Radioisotopes in Fish Tissues as Biogeochemical Tracers of Marine Oil Spill Food Web Effects},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {219 - 238},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	organization = {Springer International Publishing},
	address = {Cham},
	abstract = {Direct exposure to petroleum compounds was widely reported for a variety of taxa following the DWH. Evidence of exposure ranged from oiling of skin, shells, or feathers, depending on the taxa, to observation of ingested oil in small translucent, invertebrates, to biomarkers of petroleum compounds within an organism{\textquoteright}s tissues, such as PAHs in the hepatopancreas of invertebrates or the liver of fishes, or metabolic products of PAH catabolism in the bile of various vertebrate taxa. Development of natural biogeochemical tracers to examine indirect effects, especially over long (months to years) time scales, can be much more problematic. In this chapter, we describe the utility of employing stable isotopes and radioisotopes to 1) examine whether food web effects can be inferred from shifts in stable isotope values measured in vertebrate taxa; 2) examine the assimilation and trophic transfer of petrocarbon in marine food webs; and, 3) serve as long-term biogeochemical tracers either of petrocarbon assimilation or trophic shifts that are indicative of food web effects of marine oil spills. Data and analyses are largely drawn from DWH-related studies but with broader implications to marine oil spills in general.},
	keywords = {Petrocarbon, radiocarbon, Reef fish, Stable isotopes},
	isbn = {978-3-030-12962-0},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-12963-710.1007/978-3-030-12963-7_13},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-12963-7_13},
	author = {Patterson III, William F. and Chanton, Jeffery P. and Hollander, David J. and Goddard, Ethan A. and Barnett, Beverly K. and Tarnecki, Joseph H.},
	editor = {Murawski, Steven A. and Ainsworth, Cameron H. and Gilbert, Sherryl and Hollander, David J. and Paris, Claire B. and Schl{\"u}ter, Michael and Wetzel, Dana L.}
}
@article {2754,
	title = {Organic matter sources and lateral sedimentation in a Bahamian karst basin (sinkhole) over the late Holocene: Influence of local vegetation and climate},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {506},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-10-2018},
	pages = {70 - 83},
	abstract = {Karst basins (e.g., blueholes, sinkholes) accumulate well-preserved sedimentary successions that provide transformative paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental information. However, the sedimentary processes within these basins are not yet fully understood. Here we present stable carbon isotopic values (δ13Corg) and C:N ratios of bulk organic matter in well-dated sediment cores from Blackwood Sinkhole (Abaco, The Bahamas) to investigate the changing flux of organic matter into the sinkhole during the late Holocene. The provenance of preserved organic matter changed through the late Holocene between three primary sources, as determined by three-endmember mixing modeling: wetland organic matter from the adjacent epikarst surface, authigenic primary productivity in the oligohaline meteoric lens, and terrestrial organic matter from the surrounding landscape. Expansion of wetlands on the adjacent epikarst surface played a critical role by increasing the flux of wetland organic matter to the sinkhole, especially during the last 1000 years. Hurricanes and regional rainfall may have mediated organic matter delivery to the benthos, either through hampering wetland development (prior to 1000 cal yr BP) or by changing dissolved nutrient concentrations available in the basin for primary producers. These results demonstrate that organic matter provenance in karst basins is not constant through time, and is significantly dependent upon both landscape vegetation on the epikarst surface and changing hydrographic conditions that impacts nutrient availability to primary producers.},
	keywords = {Caribbean, Karst, Mixing model, Stable isotopes, Subtropical landscape},
	issn = {00310182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.06.014},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031018218300683},
	author = {Tamalavage, Anne E. and van Hengstum, Peter J. and Louchouarn, Patrick and Molodtsov, Sergey and Kaiser, Karl and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Albury, Nancy A. and Fall, Patricia L.}
}
@article {2737,
	title = {Radiocarbon and Stable Isotope Evidence for Changes in Sediment Mixing in the North Pacific over the Past 30 kyrAbstract},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-02-2018},
	pages = {113 - 135},
	abstract = {Deep-sea sediment mixing by bioturbation is ubiquitous on the seafloor, and it can be an important influence on the fidelity of paleoceanographic records. Bioturbation can be difficult to quantify, especially in the past, but diffusive models based on radioactive tracer profiles have provided a relatively successful approach. However, a singular, constant mixing regime is unlikely to prevail in a region where dynamic oceanographic changes in the bottom water environment are a consequence of paleoclimatic variability. In this study, foraminiferal stable isotopes, radiocarbon (14C) dating, and 230Th fluxes are utilized to understand the sediment mixing history in the easternmost region of the North Pacific. In the uppermost sediment, a 12,000-yr offset between planktonic foraminifera species N. incompta and G. bulloides is observed that coincides with age plateaus at 2000{\textendash}2500 yr for N. incompta and 15,000{\textendash}16,000 yr for G. bulloides despite coincident glacial-interglacial shifts in δ18O of benthic species. These age plateaus, particularly for G. bulloides, are a result of changing foraminiferal abundance related to assemblage shifts and carbonate preservation changes since the last glacial period, providing a window into the extent of mixing in the past. The 14C and stable isotope results can be simulated using an iterative model that couples these changes in foraminiferal abundance with variability in mixing depth over time. The best-fit model output suggests that the deepest, or most intense, mixing of the past 30,000 yr (30 kyr) may have occurred during the Holocene. Even though changes in mixing affect the 14C and δ18O of planktonic species that have dramatically varying abundance, substantial age control is nevertheless provided by δ18O measurements on the more consistently abundant benthic foraminifera Uvigerina, thus allowing the construction of a reliable chronology for these cores.},
	keywords = {bioturbation, north pacific, radiocarbon, Stable isotopes},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2017.91},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822217000911/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033822217000911},
	author = {Costa, Kassandra M and McManus, Jerry F and Anderson, Robert F}
}
@article {2770,
	title = {The rise and fall of an ancient Ad{\'e}lie penguin {\textquoteleft}supercolony{\textquoteright} at Cape Adare, Antarctica},
	journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-04-2018},
	pages = {172032},
	abstract = {We report new discoveries and radiocarbon dates on active and abandoned Ad{\'e}lie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) colonies at Cape Adare, Antarctica. This colony, first established at approximately 2000 BP (calendar years before present, i.e. 1950), is currently the largest for this species with approximately 338 000 breeding pairs, most located on low-lying Ridley Beach. We hypothesize that this colony first formed after fast ice began blocking open-water access by breeding penguins to the Scott Coast in the southern Ross Sea during a cooling period also at approximately 2000 BP. Our results suggest that the new colony at Cape Adare continued to grow, expanding to a large upper terrace above Ridley Beach, until it exceeded approximately 500 000 breeding pairs (a {\textquoteleft}supercolony{\textquoteright}) by approximately 1200 BP. The high marine productivity associated with the Ross Sea polynya and continental shelf break supported this growth, but the colony collapsed to its present size for unknown reasons after approximately 1200 BP. Ridley Beach will probably be abandoned in the near future due to rising sea level in this region. We predict that penguins will retreat to higher elevations at Cape Adare and that the Scott Coast will be reoccupied by breeding penguins as fast ice continues to dissipate earlier each summer, restoring open-water access to beaches there.},
	keywords = {population movement, Pygoscelis adeliae, Ross Sea, sea level rise, Stable isotopes},
	issn = {2054-5703},
	doi = {10.1098/rsos.172032},
	url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.172032},
	author = {Emslie, Steven D. and McKenzie, Ashley and Patterson, William P.}
}
@article {2601,
	title = {Holocene temperatures and isotopes of precipitation in Northwest Greenland recorded in lacustrine organic materials},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {170},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-08-2017},
	pages = {45 - 55},
	abstract = {Reconstructions of Holocene lake water isotopic composition based upon subfossil aquatic organic material offer new insights into Arctic
climate. We present quantitative estimates of warmth during the Holocene Thermal Maximum in northwest Greenland, inferred from oxygen isotopes of chironomid head capsules and aquatic moss preserved in lake sediments. delta O-18 values of chironomids from surface sediments of multiple Greenland lakes indicate that these subfossil remains record the delta O-18 values of the lake water in which they grow. Our lake water delta O-18 reconstruction is supported by downcore agreement with delta O-18 values in aquatic moss and chironomid remains. delta O-18 of both organic materials from Secret Lake decrease after 4 ka (ka = thousands of years ago) by 3 parts per thousand into the Neoglacial. We argue that lake water at Secret Lake primarily reflects precipitation delta O-18 values, which is strongly correlated with air temperature in NW Greenland, and that this signal is biased towards summer and early autumn conditions. Other factors may have influenced Secret Lake delta O-18 values through the Holocene, including evaporation of lake water and changing seasonality and source of precipitation. The maximum early Holocene summer and early autumn-biased temperature anomaly at Secret Lake is 2.5-4 degrees C warmer than present from 7.7 (the beginning of our record) to similar to 6 ka. The maximum late Holocene cold anomaly (which includes the Little Ice Age) is 1.5-3 degrees C colder than present. These ranges of possible temperature anomalies reflect uncertainty in the delta O-18 temperature relationship for precipitation at the study site through the Holocene. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Chironomids, Greenland, Holocene, paleoclimatology, paleolimnology, Stable isotopes},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.06.016},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379116305650http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379116305650?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379116305650?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Lasher, G. Everett and Axford, Yarrow and McFarlin, Jamie M. and Kelly, Meredith A. and Osterberg, Erich C. and Berkelhammer, Max B.}
}
@article {1878,
	title = {Oxygen and carbon isotope records of calcareous nannofossils from the west Philippine Sea during the last 190ka},
	journal = {Earth Science.Journal of China University of Geoscience},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1933; NO: Source type: scholarlyjournals; Object type: Article; Copyright: GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2011, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef.; CSAUnique: 570969-5; AccNum: 570969-5; ISSN: 1000-2383; Peer Reviewed: true},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {183-183-189},
	abstract = {The piston core Ph05-5 recovered from the West Philippine Sea(16.049 degrees N, 124.344 degrees E, water depth 3382m) was used to study the delta (super 18) O and delta (super 13) C variations of calcareous nannofossils. The delta (super 18) O values of calcareous nannofossils were obviously lower in Holocene and the last interglaciation than those in the last and the penultimate glaciation. During the last 190 ka the nannofossil delta (super 18) O values were positively correlated with those of planktonic and benthic foraminifera from the same core. But the average delta (super 18) O value of nannofossils was 0.431X10 (super -3) , higher than that of planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides rubber, and was 0.410X10 (super -3) , lower than that of planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina dutertrei. All the above three average delta (super 18) O values were much lower than those of benthic foraminifera Cibicides wullerstorfi. The change of nannofossil delta (super 13) C values showed similar trends with the absolute abundance of calcareous nannofossils in core Ph05-5, which also indicates the primary productivity variations in the West Philippine Sea. The primary productivity stayed at a stable but relatively low level at MIS 6 and MIS 5e.There was an abrupt rise at the beginning of MIS 5d for the primary productivity which retained high value until 25 ka BP. The primary productivity showed a slight decline during MIS 2 and MIS 1, but still higher than that of MIS 6 and MIS 5e.},
	keywords = {02D, 24, algae, biochemistry, C-13/C-12, carbon, Cenozoic, Foraminifera, Geochemistry, Holocene, Invertebrata, Isotope geochemistry, isotope ratios, isotopes, Last glacial maximum, microfossils, nannofossils, north pacific, Northwest Pacific, O-18/O-16, oxygen, Pacific Ocean, paleo-oceanography, Philippine Sea, Plantae, Pleistocene, productivity, Protista, Quaternary, Quaternary geology, Stable isotopes, upper Pleistocene, West Pacific},
	isbn = {1000-2383, 1000-2383},
	author = {Jingtao, Zhao and Li, Tiegang and Chang, Fengming and Li, Jun}
}
@inbook {1390,
	title = {North Atlantic intermediate depth variability during the Younger Dryas; evidence from benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca and the GFDL R30 coupled climate model},
	booktitle = {Geophysical Monograph, vol. 173},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 857; American Geophysical Union 2005 fall meeting, San Francisco, CA, United States, Dec 5-9, 2005 NSF grants OCE-0096495, ATM-0502428, OCE-0096472, OCE-0220776 and ATM-0501351 References: 72; illus.; Y},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {247-263},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
	organization = {American Geophysical Union},
	address = {Washington},
	keywords = {24, Quaternary geology, Atlantic Ocean, benthic environment, Cenozoic, chemical ratios, Foraminifera, Glaciation, Gulf of Mexico, ice cores, Invertebrata, isotope ratios, isotopes, Little Bahama Bank, Mg/Ca, microfossils, North Atlantic, O-18/O-16, oxygen, paleo-oceanography, paleobathymetry, paleosalinity, paleotemperature, Pleistocene, Protista, Quaternary, Stable isotopes, Straits of Florida, upper, upper Weichselian, Weichselian, Younger Dryas},
	isbn = {9780875904382},
	author = {Came, Rosemarie E. and Curry, William B. and Oppo, Delia W. and Broccoli, Anthony J. and Stouffer, Ronald J. and Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean},
	editor = {Schmittner, Andreas}
}
@article {1946,
	title = {Postglacial climate reconstruction based on compound-specific D/H ratios of fatty acids from Blood Pond, New England},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2006},
	note = {031uaTimes Cited:32
Cited References Count:43
},
	month = {Mar 28},
	abstract = {We determined hydrogen isotope ratios of individual fatty acids in a sediment core from Blood Pond, Massachusetts, USA, in order to reconstruct climate changes during the past 15 kyr. In addition to palmitic acid (C-16 n-acid), which has been shown to record lake water D/H ratios, our surface sediments and down core data indicate that behenic acid (C-22 n-acid), produced mainly by aquatic macrophytes, is also effective for capturing past environmental change. Calibration using surface sediments from two transects across eastern North America indicates that behenic acid records delta D variation of lake water. Down core variations in delta D values of behenic acid and pollen taxa are consistent with the known climate change history of New England. By evaluating the hypothesis that D/H fractionations of long chain even numbered fatty acids (C-24-C-32 n-acids) relative to lake water provide independent estimates of relative humidity during the growing season, we find that differences between lake-level records and isotopically inferred humidity estimates may provide useful insight into seasonal aspects of the hydrologic cycle. Combined analyses of D/H of short and long chain fatty acids from lake sediment cores thus allow reconstructions of both past temperature and growing season relative humidity. Comparison of delta D records from two lakes in New England provides critical information on regional climate variation and abrupt climate change, such as the 8.2 ka event.},
	keywords = {atmospheric processes : paleoclimatology, eastern north-america, fatty acids, geochemistry : organic and biogenic geochemistry, geochemistry : stable isotope geochemistry, Holocene, hydrogen isotope, hydrogen isotope ratios, lacustrine organic-matter, lake-sediments, Paleoclimate, record, Stable isotopes, united-states, vegetation history, younger-dryas},
	isbn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2005GC001076},
	author = {Hou, J. Z. and Huang, Y. S. and Wang, Y. and Shuman, B. and Oswald, W. W. and Faison, E. and Foster, D. R.}
}
@article {1998,
	title = {Age and origin of Late Quaternary eolianite, Kaiehu Point (Moomomi), Molokai, Hawaii},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	volume = {SI},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Sp. Iss. 42947fu
Times Cited:3
Cited References Count:50
},
	month = {Spr},
	pages = {97-112},
	abstract = {A well-preserved, vertically stacked succession of two genetically distinct eolianites and associated caliche paleosol units, capped by modern and Holocene coastal dunes, occurs at Kaiehu Point, west Molokai, Hawaii. The Pleistocene eolianite facies comprise well-cemented, medium grained skeletal carbonate sand and their morphostratigraphic context implies formation at times of lower than present sea level. Amino acid racernization (AAR) evidence suggests eolianite formation late in marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (OIS) 5, but lacks the precision to uniquely define in which isotopic substage the deposits formed. Coupled with the AAR results, the morphostratigraphic evidence, would suggest that the Lower Eolianite formed in OIS 5c and the Middle Eolianite during 5a with their superposed caliche paleosols having formed in subsequent stadial stages. The unconsolidated coastal sand dunes of Holocene age contain reworked Late Pleistocene skeletal carbonate sand based on AAR evidence. The most likely source of the reworked carbonate is from the erosion of the eolianites at Kaiehu Point. The Pleistocene eolianite-caliche paleosol sediments reveal variable Mg-content, stable isotope ratios and petrological characteristics consistent with changing degrees of weathering intensity and meteoric diagenesis. These changes are attributed to orographic effects resulting from relative sea-level changes. Accordingly, a two-phase model is favored for the formation of the eolianite-paleosol successions at Kaiehu Point, west Molokai. Eolianite sedimentation is initiated at times of marginally lower sea levels promoting the landward migration of bioclastic sand to form extensive eolian sandsheets. This is followed by a more pronounced phase of pedogenesis associated with a further fall in sea level and concomitant increased rainfall due to enhanced orographic effects.},
	keywords = {Amino acid racemization, aminostratigraphy, bermuda, carbonate lithofacies, cementation, cliche paleosols, eolianite, hawaii, island, Late Quaternary, limestone petrology, Marine, molokai, oahu, precipitation, sea level, sea-level, south-australia, Stable isotopes, stratigraphy},
	isbn = {0749-0208},
	author = {Fletcher, C. H. and Murray-Wallace, C. V. and Glenn, C. R. and Sherman, C. E. and Popp, B. and Hessler, A.}
}
@article {897,
	title = {Stable isotope composition of Littoridina australis from the coast of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, during Holocene climatic fluctuations},
	journal = {Geobios},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2002},
	note = {563lxTimes Cited:9Cited References Count:27},
	month = {Jan-Feb},
	pages = {79-88},
	abstract = {Stable isotope (carbon and oxygen) analyses were performed on Littoridina australis shells collected from molluscan concentrations within Holocene littoral deposits along the Bonaerensian coastal area of Argentina (south-western Atlantic). Isotope data allow us to define two very different areas: the Samborombon Bay, where isotope composition of shells was mainly governed by mixing between marine and freshwater, and the Mar Chiquita lagoon, where the original brackish environment was dominated by evaporation of water that originated high isotope shell values. In both areas some isotope profiles show short and quite large oscillations in delta(18)O. Their origin may be tentatively explained as due to the changes in moisture regime that control freshwater supply. The results suggest that these deposits can represent natural archives potentially useful for palaeoclimate reconstruction. (C) 2002 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Argentina, Holocene, Littoridina australis, Molluscs, Palaeoenvironments, Stable isotopes},
	issn = {0016-6995},
	doi = {10.1016/S0016-6995(02)00011-6},
	author = {Aguirre, M. L. and Zanchetta, G. and Fallick, A. E.}
}
@conference {1278,
	title = {The Effect of Different Acid Treatments on the Radiocarbon Age of Sedimentary Organic Matter},
	booktitle = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Date revised - 2007-02-01SuppNotes - Session: OS41A 9 The Truth About Paleoceanographic Proxies - What Are They Really Telling Us III Posters.Last updated - 2016-05-27},
	month = {January 2001},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20009 USA, [mailto:service@agu.org]},
	organization = {American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20009 USA, [mailto:service@agu.org]},
	abstract = {To date the bulk organic carbon in marine sediments it is necessary to first remove any inorganic carbon present by acidification. We tested three different acid treatments to see how the different methods affected the stable and radio-carbon isotopic values of the remaining organic matter. The standard NOSAMS method is to react the sediment with repeated aliquots of1.2N HCl until no visible dissolution reaction is present. The remaining sediment is then rinsed with distilled water. This method leaves a carbonate-free sediment that is easy to combust but suffers from the possible removal of acid-soluble organic matter. We compared this method to two methods that do not require rinsing of the sediments after acid treatment--a vapor phase acidification method using concentrated HCl (Hedges and Stern, 1984) and an in situ acidification with sulfurous acid (Verardo et al., 1990). Scaling these methods up to deal with the amount of sediment required for a radiocarbon date can present challenges that are not evident when dealing with the small quantities required for a percent organic carbon measurement. Vapor phase acidification of high carbonate sediments leaves hygroscopic salts that can impede sample combustion. Sulfurous acid is a weak acid and it is very difficult to determine when all the carbonate has been removed from a sediment sample. We tested sediments from 6 locations in (or near) the Atlantic Ocean that represented riverine, estuarine, and marine environments as well as a range of both organic and inorganic concentrations. We will present the isotopic results for these sediments and evaluate what is the most appropriate method to use. Hedges J.I. and J.H. Stern (1984) Limnol. Oceanogr. 29, 657-663. Verardo D.J., P.N. Froelich and A. McIntyre (1990) Deep-Sea Res. 37, 157-165.},
	keywords = {A, Atlantic, Acidification, Brackish, Brackishwater environment, carbon cycling, Chronostratigraphy, Estuarine sedimentation, organic carbon, organic matter, Palaeoceanography, Radioactivity and radioisotopes, Radiocarbon dating, Sediment chemistry, Stable isotopes},
	url = {https://search.proquest.com/docview/19468089?accountid=29119},
	author = {Batista, F and McNichol, A P and Gerlach, D S}
}
@conference {1279,
	title = {An Ocean-Wide DIC-13 Data Set},
	booktitle = {2000 Ocean Sciences Meeting, San Antonio, TX (USA), 24-28 Jan 2000},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Date revised - 2007-04-01SuppNotes - Abstracts available.Last updated - 2016-12-21},
	month = {January 2000},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington, DC 20009 USA},
	organization = {American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington, DC 20009 USA},
	abstract = {High quality DIC-13 measurements were made throughout the world{\textquoteright}s oceans at the University of Washington (UW) and the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) Facility during both the OACES and WOCE programs. We are currently merging these two data sets which represent 25000 individual DIC- 13 measurements from 1260 stations. We will present the inter-laboratory calibration and standardization data. Based on 135 measurements on CO2 gas extracted at UW, the mean offset between the two labs is 0.01 o/oo, similar to the offset observed from an exchange of DIC standards (0.012 o/oo). Stations measured by both laboratories will also be examined for offsets, although one comparison in the Indian Ocean shows no significant differences. We will present our progress towards a global atlas of DIC-13, primarily maps of the merged data sets in the Pacific, Southern, and Indian Oceans. In this poster we will concentrate on regions that have been under-sampled in the past, e.g. the Southern Ocean. Additionally, we will examine the relationship of DIC-13 to PO4 and to DIC-14. A preliminary analysis of DIC-13 and PO4 from three WOCE lines in the Pacific indicates that the expected relationship is observed in the deep waters and that the data from different water masses occupy well-defined regions of the graph. We are examining the potential for using the relationship between DIC-14 and DIC-13 to improve our understanding of the penetration of bomb radiocarbon into the ocean as well as fundamental processes in the deep ocean. The relationship is complex yet the data from shallow to intermediate depths (100 to 1000m) follow two distinct parallel lines that are related to the hemisphere in which},
	keywords = {carbon cycling, Carbon dioxide, Deep water, dissolved inorganic carbon, ISW, Indian Ocean, Marine, Mass Spectrometry, Ocean circulation, Phosphates, PS, Antarctic Ocean, Q2 09146:TSD distribution, water masses and circulation, Stable isotopes, Standardization, Water masses, World Ocean, World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE)},
	url = {https://search.proquest.com/docview/19610793?accountid=29119},
	author = {McNichol, A P and Quay, P D and Stuart, D R and Sonnerup, R E and Key, R M}
}
@conference {1692,
	title = {Microscale AMS (super <sup>14</sup>) C measurement at NOSAMS},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 2237; Source type: conferencepapers\&proceedings; Object type: Article; Object type: Conference Paper; Copyright: GeoRef, Copyright 2007, American Geological Institute.; CSAUnique: 1999-044438; AccNum: 1999-044438; ISSN: 0033-8222; CODEN: RACAAT},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {61-75},
	publisher = {University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences, Tucson, AZ, United States (USA)},
	organization = {University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences, Tucson, AZ, United States (USA)},
	address = {United States (USA)},
	abstract = {Techniques for making precise and accurate radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements on samples containing less than a few hundred micrograms of carbon are being developed at the NOSAMS facility. A detailed examination of all aspects of the sample preparation and data analysis process shows encouraging results. Small quantities of CO (sub 2) are reduced to graphite over cobalt catalyst at an optimal temperature of 605 degrees C. Measured (super 14) C/ (super 12) C ratios of the resulting targets are affected by machine-induced isotopic fractionation, which appears directly related to the decrease in ion current generated by the smaller sample sizes. It is possible to compensate effectively for this fractionation by measuring samples relative to small standards of identical size. Examination of the various potential sources of background (super 14) C contamination indicates that the sample combustion process is the largest contributor, adding ca. 1 mu g of carbon with a less-than-modern (super 14) C concentration.},
	keywords = {03, absolute age, accelerator mass spectroscopy, accuracy, C-14, C-14/C-12, carbon, Carbon dioxide, combustion, data processing, Geochronology, graphite, isotope fractionation, isotopes, mass spectroscopy, mathematical methods, methods, native elements, radioactive isotopes, sample preparation, size, spectroscopy, Stable isotopes},
	doi = {10.1017/S0033822200017902},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10150/653650},
	author = {Pearson, Ann and McNichol, Ann P. and Schneider, Robert J. and von Reden, Karl F. and Zheng, Yan}
}
@conference {1794,
	title = {Stable and radio-carbon isotope measurements in the Pacific Ocean; contributions from NOSAMS},
	volume = {77},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 2240; Source type: conferencepapers\&proceedings; Object type: Article; Object type: Conference Paper; Copyright: GeoRef, Copyright 2007, American Geological Institute.; CSAUnique: 1997-047916; AccNum: 1997-047916; ISSN: 0096-3941; CODEN: EOSTAJ},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {79},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States (USA)},
	organization = {American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, United States (USA)},
	address = {United States (USA)},
	keywords = {02D, 07, accelerator mass spectroscopy, C-13/C-12, C-14, carbon, chemical analysis, geochemical indicators, high-resolution methods, Isotope geochemistry, isotope ratios, isotopes, marine geology, mass spectroscopy, National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, NOSAMS, Oceanography, Pacific Ocean, radioactive isotopes, radioactive tracers, sampling, sea water, spectroscopy, Stable isotopes, tracers, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	author = {McNichol, A. P. and von Reden, K. F. and Schneider, R. J. and Key, R. M. and Jones, G. A.}
}
