@article {2790,
	title = {Ecological history of a long-lived conifer in a disjunct population},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {106},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-01-2018},
	pages = {319 - 332},
	abstract = {    In northern Idaho (USA), more than 100 vascular plant species are disjunct >160 km from their main distribution along the Pacific Northwest coast. It remains unclear whether most species within this interior forest disjunction, including Tsuga mertensiana, survived the last glacial period in a north-Idaho refugium or whether these species colonized the region via long-distance dispersal during the Holocene.
    Sediment cores were extracted from three mid- to high-elevation lakes within T. mertensiana-dominated forests in the Northern Rocky Mountains of Idaho. Pollen and macrofossils were used to reconstruct forest composition, determine the timing of T. mertensiana establishment, examine the hypothesis that the region was a glacial refugium, and contrast how climate, competition and/or dispersal limitation have influenced its modern distribution.
    The modern distribution of T. mertensiana was analysed by constructing a range map and modelling the potential species distribution. The presence of outlier populations surrounding the Idaho disjunction along with broad areas of unoccupied suitable habitat indicates that the range of T. mertensiana is currently expanding. To assess the accuracy of T. mertensiana pollen at detecting its range limit, a network of pollen surface samples was used to analyse the probability of detecting T. mertensiana pollen as a function of distance from its geographical range limit. Consistent T. mertensiana pollen occurrence at >=1\% abundance is likely only within 42 km of its range limit.
    Tsuga mertensiana first appears in the pollen and macrofossil record at the highest-elevation site at c. 4,100 cal year bp, then at the next highest-elevation site at c. 1,600 cal year bp, and last at the mid-elevation site at 800 cal year bp. Tsuga mertensiana pollen occurs continuously at >=1\% at all three sites by c. 300 cal year bp suggesting regional presence. The timing of arrival suggests that T. mertensiana is a recent component of the forests of Idaho, having arrived during the Holocene via long-distance dispersal from coastal populations over 160 km away.
    Synthesis. Comparison with palaeoclimate reconstructions from the broader region suggests that climate was a greater limiting factor than dispersal in the Holocene establishment in the interior, indicating little difficulty overcoming a large dispersal barrier. However, T. mertensiana remained at low abundances for millennia until Little Ice Age climates promoted its recent increase in abundance. Unoccupied areas of suitable habitat suggest that competition, rather than climate or dispersal, is a limiting range infilling in the interior mesic forests today.
},
	keywords = {climate, disjunction, dispersal, Holocene, Idaho, mertensiana, Palaeoecology, pollen, refugia, Tsuga},
	doi = {10.1111/1365-2745.12826},
	url = {https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2745.12826},
	author = {Herring, Erin M. and Gavin, Daniel G. and Dobrowski, Solomon Z. and Fernandez, Matias and Hu, Feng Sheng},
	editor = {Gill, Jacquelyn}
}
@article {2559,
	title = {Climatic and biotic thresholds of coral-reef~shutdown},
	journal = {Nature Climate Change},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Nov-02-2016},
	pages = {369 - 374},
	abstract = {Climate change is now the leading cause of coral-reef degradation and is altering the adaptive landscape of coral populations1, 2. Increasing sea temperatures and declining carbonate saturation states are inhibiting short-term rates of coral calcification, carbonate precipitation and submarine cementation3, 4, 5. A critical challenge to coral-reef conservation is understanding the mechanisms by which environmental perturbations scale up to influence long-term rates of reef-framework construction and ecosystem function6, 7. Here we reconstruct climatic and oceanographic variability using corals sampled from a 6,750-year core from Pacific Panam{\'a}. Simultaneous reconstructions of coral palaeophysiology and reef accretion allowed us to identify the climatic and biotic thresholds associated with a 2,500-year hiatus in vertical accretion beginning ~4,100 years ago8. Stronger upwelling, cooler sea temperatures and greater precipitation{\textemdash}indicators of La Ni{\~n}a-like conditions{\textemdash}were closely associated with abrupt reef shutdown. The physiological condition of the corals deteriorated at the onset of the hiatus, corroborating theoretical predictions that the tipping points of radical ecosystem transitions should be manifested sublethally in the biotic constituents9. Future climate change could cause similar threshold behaviours, leading to another shutdown in reef development in the tropical eastern Pacific.},
	keywords = {Climate-change ecology, Palaeoceanography, Palaeoclimate, Palaeoecology},
	issn = {1758-678X},
	doi = {10.1038/nclimate2541},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nclimate2541},
	author = {Toth, Lauren T. and Aronson, Richard B. and Cobb, Kim M. and Cheng, Hai and Edwards, R. Lawrence and Grothe, Pamela R. and Sayani, Hussein R.}
}
@article {2585,
	title = {Indonesian vegetation response to changes in rainfall seasonality over the past 25,000 years},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {7449278721172063253871891072011563523665412739429544323},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-06-2014},
	pages = {513 - 517},
	abstract = {The hydrologic response to climate forcing in the Indo-Pacific warm pool region has varied spatially over the past 25,000 years1, 2, 3, 4, 5. For example, drier conditions are inferred on Java and Borneo for the period following the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, whereas wetter conditions are reconstructed for northwest Australia4. The response of vegetation to these past rainfall variations is poorly constrained. Using a suite of 30 surface marine sediment samples from throughout the Indo-Pacific warm pool, we demonstrate that today the stable isotopic composition of vascular plant fatty acids (δ13Cfa) reflects the regional vegetation composition. This in turn is controlled by the seasonality of rainfall consistent with dry season water stress6. Applying this proxy in a sediment core from offshore northeast Borneo, we show broadly similar vegetation cover during the Last Glacial Maximum and the Holocene, suggesting that, despite generally drier glacial conditions1, 7, there was no pronounced dry season. In contrast, δ13Cfa and pollen data from a core off the coast of Sumba indicate an expansion of C4 herbs during the most recent glaciation, implying enhanced aridity and water stress during the dry season. Holocene vegetation trends are also consistent with a response to dry season water stress. We therefore conclude that vegetation in tropical monsoon regions is susceptible to increases in water stress arising from an enhanced seasonality of rainfall, as has occurred8 in past decades.},
	keywords = {Palaeoclimate, Palaeoecology},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/ngeo2182},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ngeo2182},
	author = {Dubois, Nathalie and Oppo, Delia W. and Galy, Valier V. and Mohtadi, Mahyar and van der Kaars, Sander and Tierney, Jessica E. and Rosenthal, Yair and Eglinton, Timothy I. and L?ckge, Andreas and Linsley, Braddock K.}
}
@article {916,
	title = {Mangrove ecocystem dynamics and elemental cycling at Twin Cays, Belize, during the Holocene},
	journal = {Journal of Quaternary Science},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1149},
	pages = {703-711},
	abstract = {Existing at the transition between the terrestrial environment and hydrosphere, mangroves are sensitive to environmental change (e.g. sea-level rise). We present pollen and stable isotope data from a core (TCC1) of continuous (10 m) mangrove peat from Twin Cays, \~{}12 km off of the coast of Belize, Central America. Radiocarbon dates on fragments of mangrove leaves preserved in TCC1 show that the core provides an 8600 14C year record of mangrove ecosystem changes. Variation in the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope composition (δ13C = \~{}-30 to -25{\textperthousand}; δ15N = \~{}-6 to 2{\textperthousand}) of mangrove leaves imply that the stand structure and nutrient status of the mangroves at the site have changed during the Holocene. Pollen data from the same core show that the floral composition of the site has changed at points during the Holocene, most notably a brief (\~{}240 years) switch at \~{}3860 14C yr BP to dominance by a species of Myrsine (not currently present at the site). Our results are consistent with significant environmental changes (either marked disturbance from hurricanes or fluctuations in sea-level) through the Holocene.},
	keywords = {Holocene, isotopes;pollen, mangroves, Palaeoecology},
	doi = {10.1002/jqs.877},
	author = {Wooller, M. J. and Behling, H. and Smallwood, B. J. and Fogel, M.}
}
@article {898,
	title = {Systematics, distributional and palaeoenvironmental aspects of Littoridina australis(D{\textquoteright}Orbigny, 1835) (Mesogastropoda) in the Marine Quaternary of Argentina (South America)},
	journal = {Geobios},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1372},
	chapter = {569-597},
	abstract = {LittoridinaSouleyet, 1852 (Mesogastropoda, Hydrobiidae) is the best represented genus among themolluscan taxa recorded in the marine late Quaternary from Argentina. It is distinguished by its ubiquity and high abundance along the coastal area from R{\'\i}o de La Plata down to southern Buenos Aires Province, both in beach ridge and coastal lagoon and estuarine facies and tidal flats. It is practically absent in Holocene littoral depositis from Patagonia and a very scarce component of the Pleistocene deposits from the whole Argentine coast. At present it is not recorded along the Argentine Sea or occurs only rarely in scarce quantities and restricted distribution, always associated to marginal marine environments. Most specimens collected from the marine Quaternary are assignable to Littoridina australis (D{\textquoteright}Orbigny, 1835), a dominant species (50-> 80\%) in the Holocene from La Plata down to Bah{\'\i}a San Blas (Buenos Aires Province). Due to the similarity of the original illustrations and of the type material of L. australis crassa, L. isabelleana, L. australis nana and L. conexa with L. australis, these taxa are considered synonyms. L. australis is proposed as a polytipic species with three main morphs (ecomorphs) which represent adaptations to different environmental conditions, mostly of salinty: {\textquoteleft}A{\textquoteright} (wide and short, very scarce, similar to L. charruana and L. conexa), {\textquoteleft}B{\textquoteright} (identical to the lectotypo de L. australis, similar to L. australis crassa; predominant) and {\textquoteleft}C{\textquoteright} (strongly elongated, similar to L. isabelleana and L. australis nana, with variations according to size; scarce). At present {\textquoteleft}B{\textquoteright} is dominant in mixohaline conditions, {\textquoteleft}C{\textquoteright} in polyhaline environments and {\textquoteleft}A{\textquoteright} in oligo-mixohaline sites. The morphological variations observed within the abundant material (fossil and modern), geographically and through time, would be a consequence of the influence over the littoral benthonic communities of environmental and climatic changes occurred during the late Quaternary: A trend was observed towards a major abundance of the morph {\textquoteleft}C{\textquoteright} (polyhaline) in the northern sector of the distribution, Samboromb{\'o}n Bay, and before ca. 5 ka A.P., whilst the morph {\textquoteleft}B{\textquoteright} (mixohaline) predominates in the central and southern sectors of the distribution, Mar Chiquita and Bah{\'\i}a Blanca, and is dominant after ca. 4.5 ka. This in turn would be a response to a progressive decrease of salinity along the littoral zone following the Climatic Optimum (Holocene {\textquoteleft}Hypsithermal{\textquoteright}, >7-5 ka A.P.), in coincidence with the sea-level (and temperature) decreasing trend until the present.},
	keywords = {Hydrobiidae, Late Quaternary, Littoridina australis, Palaeoecology, Southwestern Atlantic, Systematics},
	doi = {10.1016/S0016-6995(00)80031-5},
	author = {Aguirre, M. L. and Farinati, E. A.}
}
