@mastersthesis {1309,
	title = {Foraminiferal indicators of paleoceanographic and sea-ice conditions in the Amundsen Gulf and Viscount Melville Sound, Canadian Arctic},
	volume = {M.Sc.},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010},
	school = {DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY},
	abstract = {Sediment cores were collected from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago to reconstruct the region{\textquoteright}s oceanographic and sea ice history via foraminiferal proxies. Foraminiferal species assemblages reflect changes in sea ice cover due to the dissolution of calcareous foraminifera during increased productivity in ice-free waters. The upper five cm of sediment of the core located in the Amundsen Gulf is characterized by a predominantly agglutinated foraminiferal assemblage that spanned the last century, indicative of a seasonally ice-free Amundsen Gulf. In contrast to the recent assemblage, a predominantly calcareous assemblage indicated carbonate preservation within the Amundsen Gulf during a period of perennial ice extending back to the 9th century AD. During the Medieval Warm Period and the Anthropocene, two recent periods of warmer climate, foraminiferal proxies indicated different sea ice regimes. These results suggest that the factors forcing sea ice extent have changed in recent decades.},
	keywords = {Biological oceanography, Environmental science, Paleoclimate Science, Paleontology},
	author = {Gibb, Olivia T.}
}
@article {1955,
	title = {Early holocene openlands in southern New England},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {87},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Faison, E KFoster, D R
Oswald, W W
Hansen, B C S
Doughty, E
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2006/11/09 09:00
Ecology. 2006 Oct;87(10):2537-47.
},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {2537-47},
	abstract = {The pre-historical vegetation structure in temperate forest regions is much debated among European and North American ecologists and conservationists. Frans Vera{\textquoteright}s recent hypothesis that large mammals created mosaics of forest and openland vegetation in both regions throughout the Holocene has been particularly controversial and has provoked new approaches to conservation management. Thirty years earlier, American paleoecologists Herb Wright and Margaret Davis debated whether abundant ragweed pollen at Rogers Lake, Connecticut at 9500 yr BP signified local forest openings or long-distance transport of pollen from Midwestern prairies. Using new pollen records from Harvard Forest and the North American Pollen Database, we address this question and offer insights to the openland discussion. Ragweed and other forbs exceed 3.5\% at five sites in a restricted area of southern New England between 10,100 and 7700 yr BP. Strong evidence suggests this pollen originated from the landscapes surrounding these sites (supporting Davis), as ragweed pollen percentages do not increase with longitude from New England to the Midwest. Ragweed pollen percentages are also unrelated to basin size and therefore unrelated to the proportion of extraregional pollen in New England. High forbs values were associated with increases in oak, decreases in white pine, and relatively high charcoal values. Modern pollen records with similar forb and tree percentages occur along the Prairie Peninsula region of the Upper Midwest. However, the closest analogue to the southern New England early Holocene assemblages comes from Massachusetts{\textquoteright} Walden Pond in the early 18th century. These results and the affiliation of ragweed for open, disturbed habitats suggest that oak-pine forests with large openings persisted for over 2000 years due to dry conditions and perhaps increased fire frequency. This conclusion is corroborated by independent lake level and climate reconstructions. Because these early Holocene openlands have no detectable analogue in New England for the past 7000 years before European settlement, we suggest that all important openlands today are almost exclusively a legacy of Colonial agriculture and should be managed accordingly. Nonetheless, our results may have implications for forest dynamics accompanying projected climate change to more arid conditions in New England over the next century.},
	keywords = {*Ambrosia, *Pollen, Ecosystem, Geography, new england, Paleontology},
	isbn = {0012-9658 (Print)0012-9658 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2537:EHOISN]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Faison, E. K. and Foster, D. R. and Oswald, W. W. and Hansen, B. C. and Doughty, E.}
}
@article {2299,
	title = {An isotopic biogeochemical study of Neoproterozoic and Early Cambrian sediments from the Centralian Superbasin, Australia},
	journal = {Geochim Cosmochim Acta},
	volume = {61},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Logan, G ASummons, R E
Hayes, J M
eng
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
1997/01/01 00:00
Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 1997;61(24):5391-409.
},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {5391-409},
	abstract = {Organic matter from Neoproterozoic and Early Cambrian sediments of the Amadeus and Officer basins of the Centralian Superbasin, Australia, has been studied for biomarker distributions and the carbon isotopic compositions of kerogen and individual hydrocarbons. These sediments represent both shallow and deep water marine facies in the older sections and marine and saline lacustrine carbonate deposits in the Cambrian. Hydrocarbon biomarker patterns were found to be quite consistent with the known sedimentary environments and provide valuable insights into the biogeochemical changes which accompanied the transition from a microbially-dominated ocean to the early stages of metazoan radiation. In particular, carbon isotopic data for n-alkyl and isoprenoid lipids presented here, and in earlier studies, showed a reversal in carbon isotopic ordering between the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic. By comparison with the delta 13C of kerogen, n-alkyl lipids from deep-water Proterozoic sediments were enriched in 13C and appear to be derived mainly from heterotrophs whilst open marine Phanerozoic counterparts are 13C depleted and evidently derived mainly from autotrophs. Data from the samples studied here are consistent with a model invoking a change in the redox structure of the ocean, possibly aided by the innovation of faecal pellets.},
	keywords = {Alkanes/analysis/chemistry, Animals, australia, biomarkers, carbon isotopes, Carbon/analysis/*chemistry, Cyanobacteria, Eukaryota, Feces, Fossils, Geologic Sediments/*analysis/chemistry, Hydrocarbons/analysis, NASA Discipline Exobiology, Non-NASA Center, Paleontology, phytoplankton, SEAWATER, Terpenes/analysis, Zooplankton},
	isbn = {0016-7037 (Print)0016-7037 (Linking)
},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11540731},
	author = {Logan, G. A. and Summons, R. E. and Hayes, J. M.}
}
