@article {1094,
	title = {AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Large Za Baobabs (Adansonia za) of Madagascar.},
	journal = {PLoS One},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016},
	pages = {e0146977},
	abstract = {<p>The article reports the radiocarbon investigation of Anzapalivoro, the largest za baobab (Adansonia za) specimen of Madagascar and of another za, namely the Big cistern baobab. Several wood samples collected from the large inner cavity and from the outer part/exterior of the tree were investigated by AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon dating. For samples collected from the cavity walls, the age values increase with the distance into the wood up to a point of maximum age, after which the values decrease toward the outer part. This anomaly of age sequences indicates that the inner cavity of Anzapalivoro is a false cavity, practically an empty space between several fused stems disposed in a ring-shaped structure. The radiocarbon date of the oldest sample was 780 {\textpm} 30 bp, which corresponds to a calibrated age of around 735 yr. Dating results indicate that Anzapalivoro has a closed ring-shaped structure, which consists of 5 fused stems that close a false cavity. The oldest part of the biggest za baobab has a calculated age of 900 years. We also disclose results of the investigation of a second za baobab, the Big cistern baobab, which was hollowed out for water storage. This specimen, which consists of 4 fused stems, was found to be around 260 years old.</p>},
	keywords = {Adansonia, Calibration, Ecology, Forests, Geography, Madagascar, Mass Spectrometry, Radiometric Dating, Time Factors, Trees, Wood},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0146977},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Patrut, Roxana T and Danthu, Pascal and Leong Pock-Tsy, Jean-Michel and Rakosy, Laszlo and Lowy, Daniel A and von Reden, Karl F}
}
@article {1829,
	title = {Age and Growth Rate Dynamics of an Old African Baobab Determined by Radiocarbon Dating},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Sp. Iss. 1696jn
Times Cited:2
Cited References Count:21
},
	month = {2010},
	pages = {727-734},
	abstract = {In 2008, a large African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) from Makulu Makete, South Africa, split vertically into 2 sections, revealing a large enclosed cavity. Several wood samples collected from the cavity were processed and radiocarbon dated by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for determining the age and growth rate dynamics of the tree. The C-14 date of the oldest sample was found to be of 1016 +/- 22 BP, which corresponds to a calibrated age of 1000 +/- 15 yr. Thus, the Makulu Makete tree, which eventually collapsed to the ground and died, becomes the second oldest African baobab dated accurately to at least 1000 yr. The conventional growth rate of the trunk, estimated by the radial increase, declined gradually over its life cycle. However, the growth rate expressed more adequately by the cross-sectional area increase and by the volume increase accelerated up to the age of 650 yr and remained almost constant over the past 450 yr.},
	keywords = {cal kyr bp, Calibration, southern-hemisphere},
	isbn = {0033-8222},
	author = {Patrut, A. and Mayne, D. H. and von Reden, K. F. and Lowy, D. A. and Venter, S. and McNichol, A. P. and Roberts, M. L. and Margineanu, D.}
}
@article {1896,
	title = {Radiocarbon dating of a very large African baobab},
	journal = {Tree Physiology},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2007},
	note = {230afTimes Cited:35
Cited References Count:43
},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {1569-1574},
	abstract = {In late 2004, Grootboom, probably the largest known African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.), collapsed unexpectedly in northeastern Namibia. Ten wood samples collected from different areas of the trunk were processed and investigated by accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating. The radiocarbon dates of three samples were greater than 1000 years BP (radiocarbon years before present, i.e., before AD 1950). The corresponding calibrated calendar age of the oldest sample was 1275 +/- 50 years, making Grootboom the oldest known angiosperm tree with reliable dating results. Variations in radiocarbon dates among the wood samples indicated that, morphologically, Grootboom was a quintuple tree, whereas genetically, it was a single individual. Ages of extreme lateral samples revealed that, over the past 500-600 years, Grootbooom had almost ceased growing, providing information about climate changes in central southern Africa. The sudden demise of Grootboom coincided with the spread of the poorly studied baobab disease, which has become epidemic in Namibia.},
	keywords = {Adansonia digitata, Age, Age determination, amazonia, c-14 content, cal kyr bp, Calibration, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology, holocene logs, location-dependent differences, southern-hemisphere, tasmanian conifers, Trees, tropical trees},
	isbn = {0829-318x},
	author = {Patrut, A. and von Reden, K. F. and Pohlman, J. W. and Wittmann, R. and Mitchell, C. S. and Lowy, D. A. and Alberts, A. H. and Gerlach, D. and Xu, L.}
}
@article {2117,
	title = {Ocean ventilation and sedimentation since the glacial maximum at 3 km in the western North Atlantic},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2002},
	note = {565rlTimes Cited:26
Cited References Count:43
},
	month = {Jun 22},
	abstract = {[1] Stable isotope, sedimentological, and radiocarbon data from cores at similar to 3 km water depth on the Blake Ridge, western subtropical North Atlantic, reveal the history of deep water ventilation since the last glacial maximum (LGM). Bulk sediment accumulation rates varied locally by a factor of 2 under the influence of bottom currents in this sediment drift environment, but the sand flux, mostly foraminifera, was nearly identical at a given time. This suggests that the rain rate of foraminifera (mostly planktonic) was constant, that transport of foraminifera was negligible, and that current-controlled differences in clay and silt transport drive bulk accumulation. In two of the cores, flux peaks in the benthic foraminifera Cibicidoides and Uvigerina peregrina occurred during the Younger Dryas (YD) cold event, and at 18.2, 19.6, 21.1, 25.0, and 28.1 ka. Radiocarbon measurements on those benthic foraminifera show the ventilation age of bottom waters was similar to 1000 years during the YD, and for older events it was as great as 2000 years. These results contrast with Holocene ventilation, which was similar to 500 years and 700 years at 1500 years and similar to 7100 years before present, respectively.},
	keywords = {abyssal circulation, benthic foraminifera, c-14 ages, Calibration, climate-change, deep-water, Holocene, Last glacial maximum, ocean ventilation, radiocarbon, radiocarbon age, sea, sediment drifts, Younger Dryas},
	isbn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2001GC000283},
	author = {Keigwin, L. D. and Schlegel, M. A.}
}
