@article {winkler_more_2023,
	title = {More Frequent Hurricane Passage Across the Bahamian Archipelago During the Little Ice Age},
	journal = {Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology},
	volume = {38},
	number = {11},
	year = {2023},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2023PA004623},
	month = {11/2023},
	pages = {e2023PA004623},
	abstract = {The year 2020 Common Era (CE) experienced the highest number of named tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean since 1850 CE, but the short instrumental record makes it challenging to assess if this level of activity is statistically meaningful. Here, we present two near-annually resolved hurricane reconstructions from sediment archived in two blue holes located only 300 m apart on the northern margin of Grand Bahama. These two blue holes provide a replicated signal of hurricanes passing within a 50{\textendash}100 km radius over the last 1,800 years, and the long-term reconstructions document multiple 50-to-150-year intervals when hurricane frequency was significantly higher than it has been over the last 100 years. These two records were first merged into a single stack, and then compiled with five other high-resolution reconstructions from across the Bahamian Archipelago to form a single 1500-year record of Bahamian hurricane frequency. This new Bahamian Compilation documents more hurricanes passing \~{}75{\textdegree}W from 21{\textdegree}N to 26{\textdegree}N during the Little Ice Age (LIA; 1300{\textendash}1850 CE) relative to the prior millennium and the last 170 years. The US Eastern Seaboard also experienced heightened hurricane activity during the LIA, whereas the Gulf of Mexico and Southern Caribbean were inactive. This suggests that despite a globally cooler climate, regional climate conditions during the LIA remained favorable for cyclogenesis and intensification along certain Atlantic hurricane pathways. Perhaps heightened Sahel rainfall during the LIA indicates an increase in African Easterly waves, which in turn possibly seeded more tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Main Development Region.},
	keywords = {Bahamas, Carbonate, common era, hurricanes, Paleoclimate, sedimentology},
	issn = {2572-4525},
	doi = {10.1029/2023PA004623},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2023PA004623},
	author = {Winkler, T. S. and van Hengstum, P. J. and Donnelly, J. P. and Wallace, E. J. and Albury, N. A. and D{\textquoteright}Entremont, N. and Hawkes, A. D. and Maio, C. V. and Roberts, J. and Sullivan, R. M. and Woodruff, J. D.}
}
@article {2817,
	title = {Deglacial temperature controls on no-analog community establishment in the Great Lakes Region},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {234},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-04-2020},
	pages = {106245},
	abstract = {Understanding the drivers of vegetation dynamics and no-analog communities in eastern North America is hampered by a scarcity of independent temperature indicators. We present a new branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (brGDGT) temperature record from Bonnet Lake, Ohio (18{\textendash}8 ka) and report uncertainty estimates based on Bayesian linear regression and bootstrapping. We also reanalyze a previously published brGDGT record from Silver Lake, Ohio, using improved chromatographic methods. All pollen- and brGDGT-based temperature reconstructions showed qualitatively similar deglacial trends but varying magnitudes. Separating 5- and 6- methyl brGDGTs resulted in substantially lower estimates of deglacial temperature variations (6.4 {\textdegree}C) than inferred from earlier brGDGT methods and pollen (11.8 {\textdegree}C, 12.0 {\textdegree}C respectively). Similar trends among proxies suggest good fidelity of brGDGTs to temperature, despite calibration uncertainties. At both sites, the rise and decline of no-analog communities closely track brGDGT-inferred temperatures, with a lag of 0{\textendash}150 years. The timing of temperature and ecological events varies between Bonnet and Silver Lakes, likely due to age model uncertainties. Climate sensitivity analyses indicate a linear sensitivity of vegetation composition to temperature variations, albeit noisy and significant only with a 500-year bin. The formation of no-analog plant communities in the upper Midwest is closely linked to late-glacial warming, but other factors, such as temperature seasonality or end-Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions, remain viable.},
	keywords = {biomarkers, brGDGT, Climate sensitivity, Lagoons \& swamps, lakes, No-analog, North America, paleoclimatology, Pleistocene, pollen, sedimentology, Temperature, vegetation},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106245},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379119303713},
	author = {Fastovich, David and Russell, James M. and Jackson, Stephen T. and Williams, John W.}
}
@article {2690,
	title = {Late glacial and Holocene paleoenvironments in the midcontinent United States, inferred from Geneva Lake leaf wax, ostracode valve, and bulk sediment chemistry},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {241},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-08-2020},
	pages = {106384},
	abstract = {Geneva Lake in Wisconsin, USA, is > 20,000 years old and contains a 30-m thick lacustrine sediment record of mid-continent North American climate and environmental change. Here we describe a sediment record from Geneva Lake spanning the past 14,500 years. From scanning X-ray fluorescence, organic C and N concentrations and isotopes, X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, and grain size of bulk sediments, we infer changes in sediment sources over time including: abrupt decline in inputs of remobilized loess \~{}13,400 cal yr BP followed by a gradual transition to organic-rich marl deposition by \~{}10,400 cal yr BP as the landscape stabilized following a period of permafrost thaw and vegetation development; deposition of a minerogenic unit at \~{}8,200 cal yr BP that may record enhanced eolian activity during the widespread {\textquotedblleft}8.2 ka event; {\textquotedblright} and elevated zinc, lead, and arsenic from human activities following regional industrialization. Within the Holocene marl, we also use isotopic (δ18O and δ13C) and trace metal ratio (Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca) analyses of ostracode valves paired with concentrations and hydrogen isotopic composition (δ2H) of leaf wax n-alkanes to infer climate and hydrological change. Groundwater had a large but declining influence on lake water chemistry from 11,800 to 9,700 cal yr BP, precluding inferences of regional climate from our lacustrine proxies during this period. δ2H values of terrestrial n-C29 alkanes show little variability from 9,700 to present, indicating the average isotopic composition of local precipitation was relatively stable, reflecting stable condensation temperatures and source. In contrast, a gradual trend towards more δ18O- and δ2H-depleted lake water and lower lake water Sr/Ca from 9700 cal yr BP to present suggest decreasing evaporation of lake water and increasing precipitation amounts throughout the Holocene and resulting shorter lake water residence times. Lake water Mg/Ca variations over the past 9,700 years broadly parallel regional pollen-based reconstructions of summer temperatures. Neither Mg/Ca nor terrestrial leaf wax δ2H suggest long-term directional shifts in temperature at this site through the middle to late Holocene, as climate became wetter. It appears that precipitation isotopes did not track local temperatures on millennial timescales in this part of mid-continent North America through the Holocene, and instead may have covaried with changes in Northern Hemisphere latitudinal temperature gradients driven by large Arctic temperature changes.},
	keywords = {Holocene, Inorganic geochemistry, Loess, North America, Organic geochemistry, paleoclimatology, paleolimnology, Pleistocene, sedimentology, Stable isotopes},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106384},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379120303462},
	author = {Puleo, Peter J.K. and Axford, Yarrow and McFarlin, Jamie M. and Curry, B. Brandon and Barklage, Mitchell and Osburn, Magdalena R.}
}
@article {2816,
	title = {The role of sediment compaction and groundwater withdrawal in local sea-level rise, Sandy Hook, New Jersey, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {181},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-02-2018},
	pages = {30 - 42},
	abstract = {The rate of relative sea-level (RSL) rise at Sandy Hook, NJ (4.0 {\textpm} 0.5 mm/yr) was higher than The Battery, NY (3.0 {\textpm} 0.3 mm/yr) from 1900 to 2012 despite being separated by just 26 km. The difference cannot be explained by differential glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA; 1.4 {\textpm} 0.4 and 1.3 {\textpm} 0.4 mm/yr RSL rise, respectively) alone. We estimate the contribution of sediment compaction to subsidence at Sandy Hook using high-resolution grain size, percent organic matter, and porosity data from three upper Quaternary (<=13,350 cal yr) cores. The organic matter content (<2\%) is too low to contribute to local subsidence. However, numerical modeling of the grain size-depth-age-porosity relationship indicates that compaction of deglacial silts likely reduced the column thickness by 10{\textendash}20\% over the past 13,350 cal yrs. While compaction rates were high immediately after the main silt deposition (13,350{\textendash}13,150 cal yrs BP), rates decreased exponentially after deposition to an average 20th century rate of 0.16 mm/yr (90\% Confidence Interval (C.I.), 0.06{\textendash}0.32 mm/yr). The remaining \~{}0.7 mm/yr (90\% C.I. 0.3{\textendash}1.2 mm/yr) difference in subsidence between Sandy Hook and The Battery is likely due to anthropogenic groundwater withdrawal. Historical data from Fort Hancock wells (2 km to the southeast of the Sandy Hook tide gauge) and previous regional work show that local and regional water extraction lowered the water levels in the aquifers underlying Sandy Hook. We suggest that the modern order of contribution to subsidence (highest to lowest) appears to be GIA, local/regional groundwater extraction, and compaction of thick Quaternary silts.},
	keywords = {Marginal marine, North America, numerical modeling, Quaternary, Sea-level change, sedimentology},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.11.031},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379117303657},
	author = {Johnson, Christopher S. and Miller, Kenneth G. and Browning, James V. and Kopp, Robert E. and Khan, Nicole S. and Fan, Ying and Stanford, Scott D. and Horton, Benjamin P.}
}
@article {2846,
	title = {Temperature variations in the southern Great Lakes during the last deglaciation: Comparison between pollen and GDGT proxies},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {182},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-02-2018},
	pages = {78 - 92},
	abstract = {Our understanding of deglacial climate history in the southern Great Lakes region of the United States is primarily based upon fossil pollen data, with few independent and multi-proxy climate reconstructions. Here we introduce a new, well-dated fossil pollen record from Stotzel-Leis, OH, and a new deglacial temperature record based on branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) at Silver Lake, OH. We compare these new data to previously published records and to a regional stack of pollen-based temperature reconstructions from Stotzel-Leis, Silver Lake, and three other well-dated sites. The new and previously published pollen records at Stotzel-Leis are similar, but our new age model brings vegetation events into closer alignment with known climatic events such as the Younger Dryas (YD). brGDGT-inferred temperatures correlate strongly with pollen-based regional temperature reconstructions, with the strongest correlation obtained for a global soil-based brGDGT calibration (r2 = 0.88), lending confidence to the deglacial reconstructions and the use of brGDGT and regional pollen stacks as paleotemperature proxies in eastern North America. However, individual pollen records show large differences in timing, rates, and amplitudes of inferred temperature change, indicating caution with paleoclimatic inferences based on single-site pollen records. From 16.0 to 10.0ka, both proxies indicate that regional temperatures rose by \~{}10 {\textdegree}C, roughly double the \~{}5 {\textdegree}C estimates for the Northern Hemisphere reported in prior syntheses. Change-point analysis of the pollen stack shows accelerated warming at 14.0 {\textpm} 1.2ka, cooling at 12.6 {\textpm} 0.4ka, and warming from 11.6 {\textpm} 0.5ka into the Holocene. The timing of B{\o}lling-Aller{\o}d (B-A) warming and YD onset in our records lag by \~{}300{\textendash}500 years those reported in syntheses of temperature records from the northern mid-latitudes. This discrepancy is too large to be attributed to uncertainties in radiocarbon dating, and correlation between pollen and brGDGT temperature reconstructions rules out vegetation lags as a cause. However, the YD termination appears synchronous among the brGDGT record, regional pollen stack, and Northern Hemisphere stack. The cause of the larger and lagged temperature changes in the southern Great Lakes relative to Northern Hemisphere averages remains unclear, but may be due to the effects of continentality and ice sheet extent on regional climate evolution.},
	keywords = {Continental biomarkers, GDGT, Lagoons and Swamps, lakes, North America, paleoclimatology, Pleistocene, pollen, sedimentology},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.12.011},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379117306467},
	author = {Watson, Benjamin I. and Williams, John W. and Russell, James M. and Jackson, Stephen T. and Shane, Linda and Lowell, Thomas V.}
}
@article {2496,
	title = {How Unique was Hurricane Sandy? Sedimentary Reconstructions of Extreme Flooding from New York Harbor},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-05-2015},
	abstract = {The magnitude of flooding in New York City by Hurricane Sandy is commonly believed to be extremely rare, with estimated return periods near or greater than 1000 years. However, the brevity of tide gauge records result in significant uncertainties when estimating the uniqueness of such an event. Here we compare resultant deposition by Hurricane Sandy to earlier storm-induced flood layers in order to extend records of flooding to the city beyond the instrumental dataset. Inversely modeled storm conditions from grain size trends show that a more compact yet more intense hurricane in 1821 CE probably resulted in a similar storm tide and a significantly larger storm surge. Our results indicate the occurrence of additional flood events like Hurricane Sandy in recent centuries, and highlight the inadequacies of the instrumental record in estimating current flood risk by such extreme events.},
	keywords = {Environmental sciences, Geomorphology, Palaeoclimate, sedimentology},
	doi = {10.1038/srep07366},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/srep07366http://www.nature.com/articles/srep07366.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/srep07366.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/srep07366},
	author = {Brandon, Christine M. and Woodruff, Jonathan D. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Sullivan, Richard M.}
}
@article { ISI:000262186900001,
	title = {Stratigraphy, pollen history and geochronology of tidal marshes in a Gulf of Maine estuarine system: Climatic and relative sea level impacts},
	journal = {MARINE GEOLOGY},
	volume = {256},
	number = {{1-4}},
	year = {2008},
	month = {DEC 20},
	pages = {1-17},
	type = {Review},
	abstract = {Sedimentologic and stratigraphic characteristics of five tidal marshes in Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire, which is located on the western boundary of the Gulf of Maine, were assessed from 20 vibracores. detailed descriptions of surficial environments, pollen analyses, and radiocarbon dating. Modern marsh sequences in Great Bay Estuary initiated with a time-transgressive basal peat that formed at the upland-brackish marsh boundary. The oldest basal peat deposit sampled during this study was dated at similar to 4560 cal yr B.P (based on an age of 4060 +/- 40 C-14 yr B.P.). The original tidal marshes that formed in Great Bay Estuary apparently were unable to accrete at a high enough rate to allow seaward expansion, resulting in a transgressive sequence of low marsh or mudflat sediments overlying the basal peat. The transgressive tidal marsh sequence is capped by high marsh sediments that corresponded to a slowing of relative sea-level (RSL) rise in the region and regressive seaward expansion of the tidal marshes. However, significant variations from these transgressive-regressive sequences occur in the Great Bay tidal marshes as a result of more recent marsh expansion and tidal channel migrations. Detailed pollen analyses of a vibracore taken in a tidal marsh along Squamscott River with a sedimentary record spanning the last similar to 3900 cal yr B.P exhibit five well-documented marker horizons including: 1) an increase of Tsuga (hemlock); 2) the appearance of Picea (spruce); 3) Tsuga and Fagus (beech) declines; 4) an increase in Ambrosia (ragweed) coupled with a sudden decrease in Quercus (oak); and 5) the Castanea (chestnut) decline. Using published ages for these pollen horizons and a calibrated 14C age obtained during this study for a basal peat, accretion rates for this marsh system over five time intervals were calculated: 1) 0.4 to 0.5 mm yr(-1) from similar to 3900 to 2850 cal yr B.P.; 2) 0.6 mm yr(-1) from similar to 2850 to similar to 1960 cal yr B.P.; 3) 0.8 mm yr(-1) from similar to 1960 to similar to 580 cal yr B.P.; 4) 0.7 to 0.8 mm yr(-1) from similar to 580 to similar to 210 cal yr B.P.: and 5) 0.8 to 0.9 mm yr(-1) over the last 210 years. The long-term accretion rate for the entire sequence based on the calibrated C-14 age of the basal peat was 0.6 to 0.7 mm yr(-1). This result agrees with accretion rates determined from calibrated C-14 ages from two other tidal marsh systems in Great Bay Estuary with accretion rates between similar to 0.6 to similar to 0.8 mm yr(-1). Higher accretion rates were obtained at a nearby tidal marsh with 1.2 mm yr(-1) for just the marsh and 1.3 mm yr(-1) for the marsh and underlying subtidal sediment. The results of this study indicate that the sedimentology and stratigraphy of moderate-size tidal marshes in rocky, glaciated coasts are highly variable and are strongly influenced by complex interactions among RSL, climatic variations, and anthropogenic influences. For instance, the early development of many of the marshes in the Great Bay Estuary area were likely driven by changes in rates of RSL resulting in transgressive onlap boundaries, subsequently overlain by regressive intertidal marsh sequences. However, more recent changes in tidal marsh sediment composition deposited during a relatively slow, steady RSL rise likely result from other forcings. such as changes in minerogenic and orogenic sediment inputs due to anthropogenic effects, tidal channel migrations, major storms causing erosion of the marsh, or climatic changes causing shifts in sediment delivery or vegetation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {accretion, climate effects, pollen, relative sea level, salt marshes, sedimentology, stratigraphy},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2008.08.004},
	author = {Ward, Larry G. and Zaprowski, Brent J. and Trainer, Kevin D. and Davis, P. Thompson}
}
@article {2383,
	title = {Lake-Level History of Lake-Michigan for the Past 12,000 Years - the Record from Deep Lacustrine Sediments},
	journal = {Journal of Great Lakes Research},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Nl348Times Cited:47
Cited References Count:29
},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {73-92},
	abstract = {Collection and analysis of an extensive set of seismic-reflection profiles and cores from southern Lake Michigan have provided new data that document the history of the lake basin for the past 12,000 years. Analyses of the seismic data, together with radiocarbon dating, magnetic, sedimentologic, isotopic, and paleontologic studies of core samples, have allowed us to reconstruct lake-level changes during this recent part of the lake{\textquoteright}s history.The post-glacial history of lake-level changes in the Lake Michigan basin begins about 11.2 ka with the fall from the high Calumet level, caused by the retreat of the Two Rivers glacier, which had blocked the northern outlet of the lake. This lake-level fall was temporarily reversed by a major influx of water from glacial Lake Agassiz (about 10.6 ka), during which deposition of the distinctive gray Wilmette Bed of the Lake Michigan Formation interrupted deposition of red glaciolacustrine sediment. Lake level then continued to fall, culminating in the opening of the North Bay outlet at about 10.3 ka. During the resulting Chippewa low phase, lake level was about 80 m lower than it is today in the southern basin of Lake Michigan.
The rise of the early Holocene lake level, controlled primarily by isostatic rebound of the North Bay outlet, resulted in a prominent, planar, transgressive unconformity that eroded most of the shoreline features below present lake level. Superimposed on this overall rise in lake level, a second influx of water from Lake Agassiz temporarily raised lake levels an unknown amount about 9.1 ka. At about 7 ka, lake level may have fallen below the level of the outlet because of sharply drier climate. Sometime between 6 and 5 ka, the character of the lake changed dramatically, probably due mostly to climatic causes, becoming highly undersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate and returning primary control of lake level to the isostatically rising North Bay outlet. Post-Nipissing (about 5 ka) lake level has fallen about 6 m due to erosion of the Port Huron outlet, a trend around which occurred relatively small (+/- approximately 2 m), short-term fluctuations controlled mainly by climatic changes. These cyclic fluctuations are reflected in the sedimentological and sediment-magnetic properties of the sediments.
},
	keywords = {lake michigan, ostracodes, radiocarbon, sedimentology, sediments, southern},
	isbn = {0380-1330},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Forester, R. M. and Reynolds, R. L. and Sweetkind, D. S. and King, J. W. and Gangemi, P. and Jones, G. A. and Keigwin, L. D. and Foster, D. S.}
}
