@article {1841,
	title = {Source apportionment of elevated wintertime PAHs by compound-specific radiocarbon analysis},
	journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2009},
	note = {452qjTimes Cited:22
Cited References Count:52
},
	month = {2009},
	pages = {3347-3356},
	abstract = {Natural abundance radiocarbon analysis facilitates distinct source apportionment between contemporary biomass/biofuel ((14)C "alive") versus fossil fuel ((14)C "dead") combustion. Here, the first compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was demonstrated for a set of samples collected in Lycksele, Sweden a small town with frequent episodes of severe atmospheric pollution in the winter. Renewed interest in using residential wood combustion (RWC) means that this type of seasonal pollution is of increasing concern in many areas. Five individual/paired PAH isolates from three pooled fortnight-long filter collections were analyzed by CSRA: phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[b+k] fluoranthene and indeno[cd]pyrene plus benzo[ghi]perylene; phenanthrene was the only compound also analyzed in the gas phase. The measured Delta(14)C for PAHs spanned from -138.3\% to 58.0\%. A simple isotopic mass balance model was applied to estimate the fraction biomass (fbiomass) contribution, which was constrained to 71-87\% for the individual PAHs. Indeno[cd]pyrene plus benzo[ghi]perylene had an fbiomass of 71\%, while fluoranthene and phenanthrene (gas phase) had the highest biomass contribution at 87\%. The total organic carbon (TOC, defined as carbon remaining after removal of inorganic carbon) fbiomass was estimated to be 77\%, which falls within the range for PAHs. This CSRA data of atmospheric PAHs established that RWC is the dominating source of atmospheric PAHs to this region of the boreal zone with some variations among RWC contributions to specific PAHs.},
	keywords = {air-pollution sources, atmospheric aerosols, BLACK CARBON, emissions, northern sweden, organic-compounds, particulate matter, polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons, positive matrix factorization, residential wood combustion},
	isbn = {1680-7316},
	author = {Sheesley, R. J. and Krusa, M. and Krecl, P. and Johansson, C. and Gustafsson, O.}
}
@article {2120,
	title = {In situ calcium carbonate dissolution in the Pacific Ocean},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2002},
	note = {649rqTimes Cited:86
Cited References Count:60
},
	month = {Dec 31},
	abstract = {Over the past several years researchers have been working to synthesize the WOCE/JGOFS global CO(2) survey data to better understand carbon cycling processes in the oceans. The Pacific Ocean data set has over 35,000 sample locations with at least two carbon parameters, oxygen, nutrients, CFC tracers, and hydrographic parameters. In this paper we estimate the in situ CaCO(3) dissolution rates in the Pacific Ocean water column. Calcium carbonate dissolution rates ranging from 0.01-1.1 mumol kg(-1) yr(-1) are observed in intermediate and deepwater beginning near the aragonite saturation horizon. In the North Pacific Intermediate Water between 400 and 800 m, CaCO(3) dissolution rates are more than 7 times faster than observed in middle and deep water depths (average=0.051 m mol kg(-1) yr(-1)). The total amount of CaCO(3) that is dissolved within the Pacific is determined by integrating excess alkalinity throughout the water column. The total inventory of CaCO(3) added by particle dissolution in the Pacific Ocean, north of 40degreesS, is 157 Pg C. This amounts to an average dissolution rate of approximately 0.31 Pg C yr(-1). This estimate is approximately 74\% of the export production of CaCO(3) estimated for the Pacific Ocean. These estimates should be considered to be upper limits for in situ carbonate dissolution in the Pacific Ocean, since a portion of the alkalinity increase results from inputs from sediments.},
	keywords = {anthropogenic co(2), anthropogenic co2, aragonite saturation, atmospheric carbon, caco(3) dissolution, calcite saturation, carbonate lysocline, chemical lysocline, coccolithophore emiliania-huxleyi, indian-ocean, north pacific, organic-matter, Pacific Ocean, panama basin, particulate matter},
	isbn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2002GB001866},
	author = {Feely, R. A. and Sabine, C. L. and Lee, K. and Millero, F. J. and Lamb, M. F. and Greeley, D. and Bullister, J. L. and Key, R. M. and Peng, T. H. and Kozyr, A. and Ono, T. and Wong, C. S.}
}
