@article {2857,
	title = {Temperature-controlled tundra fire severity and frequency during the last millennium in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-07-2019},
	pages = {1223 - 1233},
	abstract = {Wildfire is an important disturbance to Arctic tundra ecosystems. In the coming decades, tundra fire frequency, intensity, and extent are projected to increase because of anthropogenic climate change. To more accurately predict the effects of climate change on tundra fire regimes, it is critical to have detailed knowledge of the natural frequency and extent of past wildfires and how they responded to past climate variability. We present analyses of fire frequency and temperature from a lake sediment core from the Yukon-Kuskokwim (YK) Delta. Our ca. 1000 macroscopic charcoal record shows more frequent but possibly less severe tundra fires during the first half of the last millennium, whereas less frequent, possibly more severe fires characterize the latter half. Our temperature reconstruction, based on distributional changes of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs), shows slightly warmer conditions from ca. AD 1000 to 1500, and cooler conditions thereafter (ca. AD 1500 to 2000), suggesting that fire frequency increases when climate is relatively warmer in this region. When wildfires occur more frequently, fire severity may decrease because of limited biomass (fuel source) accumulating between fires. The data suggest that tundra ecosystems are highly sensitive to climate change, and that a warmer climate, which is predicted to develop in the near future, will result in more frequent tundra wildfires.},
	keywords = {alaska, Arctic, charcoal, glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), late-holocene, Paleoclimate, Paleofire},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683619838036},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683619838036},
	author = {Sae-Lim, Jarunetr and Russell, James M and Vachula, Richard S and Holmes, Robert M and Mann, Paul J and Schade, John D and Natali, Susan M}
}
@article {2786,
	title = {Younger-Dryas cooling and sea-ice feedbacks were prominent features of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in Arctic Alaska},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {169},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-08-2017},
	pages = {330 - 343},
	abstract = {Declining sea-ice extent is currently amplifying climate warming in the Arctic. Instrumental records at high latitudes are too short-term to provide sufficient historical context for these trends, so paleoclimate archives are needed to better understand the functioning of the sea ice-albedo feedback. Here we use the oxygen isotope values of wood cellulose in living and sub-fossil willow shrubs (δ18Owc) (Salix spp.) that have been radiocarbon-dated (14C) to produce a multi-millennial record of climatic change on Alaska{\textquoteright}s North Slope during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition (13,500{\textendash}7500 calibrated 14C years before present; 13.5{\textendash}7.5 ka). We first analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of δ18Owc in living willows growing at upland sites and found that over the last 30 years δ18Owc values in individual growth rings correlate with local summer temperature and inter-annual variations in summer sea-ice extent. Deglacial δ18Owc values from 145 samples of subfossil willows clearly record the Aller{\o}d warm period (\~{}13.2 ka), the Younger Dryas cold period (12.9{\textendash}11.7 ka), and the Holocene Thermal Maximum (11.7{\textendash}9.0 ka). The magnitudes of isotopic changes over these rapid climate oscillations were \~{}4.5{\textperthousand}, which is about 60\% of the differences in δ18Owc between those willows growing during the last glacial period and today. Modeling of isotope-precipitation relationships based on Rayleigh distillation processes suggests that during the Younger Dryas these large shifts in δ18Owc values were caused by interactions between local temperature and changes in evaporative moisture sources, the latter controlled by sea ice extent in the Arctic Ocean and Bering Sea. Based on these results and on the effects that sea-ice have on climate today, we infer that ocean-derived feedbacks amplified temperature changes and enhanced precipitation in coastal regions of Arctic Alaska during warm times in the past. Today, isotope values in willows on the North Slope of Alaska are similar to those growing during the warmest times of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, which were times of widespread permafrost thaw and striking ecological changes.},
	keywords = {alaska, Arctic, Bering Strait, Climate change, dendrochronology, north pacific, oxygen isotopes, Paleoclimate, Sea ice, Younger Dryas},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.05.012},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379117301713},
	author = {Gaglioti, Benjamin V. and Mann, Daniel H. and Wooller, Matthew J. and Jones, Benjamin M. and Wiles, Gregory C. and Groves, Pamela and Kunz, Michael L. and Baughman, Carson A. and Reanier, Richard E.}
}
@article {2460,
	title = {Seasonal variability of organic matter composition in an Alaskan glacier outflow: insights into glacier carbon sources},
	journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-05-2014},
	pages = {055005},
	abstract = {Glacier ecosystems are a significant source of bioavailable, yet ancient dissolved organic carbon
(DOC). Characterizing DOC in Mendenhall Glacier out flow (southeast Alaska) we document a
seasonal persistence to the radiocarbon-depleted signature of DOC, highlighting ancient DOC as
a ubiquitous feature of glacier out flow. We observed no systematic depletion in Δ14C-DOC with
increasing discharge during the melt season that would suggest mobilization of an aged subglacial carbon store. However, DOC concentration, δ13C-DOC,Δ14C-DOC and fluorescence signatures appear to have been in fluenced by runoff from vegetated hillslopes above the glacier during onset and senescence of melt. In the peak glacier melt period, the Δ 14 C-DOC of stream samples at the out flow (-181.7 to-355.3{\textperthousand}) was comparable to the Δ 14 C-DOC for snow samples from the accumulation zone (-207.2 to-390.9{\textperthousand}), suggesting that ancient DOC from the glacier surface is exported in glacier runoff. The pre-aged DOC in glacier snow and runoff is consistent with contributions from fossil fuel combustion sources similar to those documented previously in ice cores and thus provides evidence for anthropogenic perturbation of the carbon cycle. Overall, our results emphasize the need to further characterize DOC inputs to glacier ecosystems, particularly in light of predicted changes in glacier mass and runoff in the coming century.},
	keywords = {alaska, dissolved organic carbon, glacier, organic matter, radiocarbon},
	doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/055005},
	url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/055005/meta},
	author = {Spencer, Robert G M and Vermilyea, Andrew and Fellman, Jason and Raymond, Peter and Stubbins, Aron and Scott, Durelle and Hood, Eran}
}
@article {1877,
	title = {Age validation of Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus) by means of bomb radiocarbon},
	journal = {Fishery Bulletin},
	volume = {106},
	year = {2008},
	note = {371ygTimes Cited:4
Cited References Count:34
},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {375-385},
	abstract = {We used bomb radiocarbon (C-14) in this age validation study of Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus). The otoliths of Dover sole, a commercially important fish in the North Pacific, are difficult to age and ages derived from the current break-and-burn method were not previously validated. The otoliths used in this study were chosen on the basis of estimated birth year and for the ease of interpreting growth zone patterns. Otolith cores, material representing years 0 through 3, were isolated and analyzed for C-14. Additionally, a small number of otoliths with difficult-to-interpret growth patterns were analyzed for C-14 to help determine age interpretation. The measured Dover sole C-14 values in easier-to-interpret otoliths were compared with a C-14. reference chronology for Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in the North Pacific, We used an objective statistical analysis where sums of squared residuals between otolith C-14 values of Dover sole and the reference chronology were examined. Our statistical analysis also included a procedure where the Dover sole C-14 values were standardized to the reference chronology. These procedures allowed an evaluation of aging error. The C-14 results indicated that the Dover sole age estimates from the easier-to-interpret otoliths with the break-and-burn method are accurate. This study validated Dover sole ages from 8 to 47 years.},
	keywords = {alaska, gulf, lead-radium, north pacific, otoliths, paucispinis, pleuronectids, pollock theragra-chalcogramma, quality-control, rockfish sebastes-pinniger},
	isbn = {0090-0656},
	author = {Kastelle, C. R. and Anderl, D. M. and Kimura, D. K. and Johnston, C. G.}
}
@article {1965,
	title = {A decrease in discharge-normalized DOC export by the Yukon River during summer through autumn},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2005},
	note = {985cuTimes Cited:163
Cited References Count:28
},
	month = {Nov 12},
	abstract = {Climate warming is having a dramatic effect on the vegetation distribution and carbon cycling of terrestrial subarctic and arctic ecosystems. Here, we present hydrologic evidence that warming is also affecting the export of dissolved organic carbon and bicarbonate (DOC and HCO3-) at the large basin scale. In the 831,400 km(2) Yukon River basin, water discharge (Q) corrected DOC export significantly decreased during the growing season from 1978 - 80 to 2001 - 03, indicating a major shift in terrestrial to aquatic C transfer. We conclude that decreased DOC export, relative to total summer through autumn Q, results from increased flow path, residence time, and microbial mineralization of DOC in the soil active layer and groundwater. Counter to current predictions, we argue that continued warming could result in decreased DOC export to the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean by major subarctic and arctic rivers, due to increased respiration of organic C on land.},
	keywords = {alaska, arctic-ocean, climate-change, CO2, discontinuous permafrost, dissolved organic-carbon, flux, MATTER, tundra},
	isbn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2005GL024413},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000233354500009},
	author = {Striegl, R. G. and Aiken, G. R. and Dornblaser, M. M. and Raymond, P. A. and Wickland, K. P.}
}
