@article {2630,
	title = {An Investigation of Gas Exchange and Water Circulation in the Amundsen Sea Based On Dissolved Inorganic Radiocarbon},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {453},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Apr-11-2020},
	pages = {12,368 - 12,375},
	abstract = {We used radiocarbon isotope ratios in dissolved inorganic carbon to assess gas exchange and water circulation in the western Amundsen Sea. Radiocarbon isotope ratios indicate that Circumpolar Deep Water enters the basin along the seafloor and that the upper layer is formed through modification of this water mass. In the Amundsen Sea Polynya, radiocarbon isotope ratios of surface water are higher than those of underlying Winter Water, implying rapid absorption of atmospheric CO2. A CO2 absorption rate of 45mmol m(-2) d(-1) calculated for a site in the central polynya is higher than that near the Dotson Ice Shelf (28mmolm(-2) d(-1)). The turnover time of water in the Dotson Trough region of the western Amundsen Sea is estimated to be 10-30years, based on results from a box model and radiocarbon mass balance.

Plain Language Summary The western Amundsen Sea is experiencing raid physical changes including rapid glacial melting and declining sea ice cover. The suggested heat source is the intrusion of warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) along the seafloor of the Amundsen Shelf. Therefore, understanding the behavior of the intruded CDW, especially how long it stays on the shelf, is important. Physical oceanographic studies have examined the flux of CDW onto and out of the Amundsen Shelf. However, the turnover time of water in the Amundsen Sea is still poorly understood. In this paper, we use radiocarbon isotope signature from dissolved inorganic carbon to examine how rapidly atmospheric CO2 is absorbed into the Amundsen Sea Polynya and how long the water should stay in the western Amundsen Shelf to have the observed radiocarbon isotope signature. Based on our results and the current understanding of the water circulation in the western Amundsen Sea, we found that the water sits on the Amundsen Shelf for a few decades before it moves off shelf.},
	keywords = {Amundsen sea, dissolved inorganic carbon, gas exchange, radiocarbon, water circulation},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2018GL079464},
	url = {http://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\%3FDestParams\%3DUT\%253DWOS\%25253A000453250000030\%2526customersID\%253DAlerting\%2526smartRedirect\%253Dyes\%2526action\%253Dretrieve\%2526mode\%25},
	author = {Kim, Bumsoo and Lee, SangHoon and Kim, Minkyoung and Hahm, Doshik and Rhee, Tae Siek and Hwang, Jeomshik}
}
@article {2044,
	title = {Radiocarbon and stable isotope constraints on Last Glacial Maximum and Younger Dryas ventilation in the western North Atlantic},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2004},
	note = {870dfTimes Cited:72
Cited References Count:60
},
	month = {Nov 3},
	abstract = {[1] Foraminiferal abundance, C-14 ventilation ages, and stable isotope ratios in cores from high deposition rate locations in the western subtropical North Atlantic are used to infer changes in ocean and climate during the Younger Dryas (YD) and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The delta(18)O of the surface dwelling planktonic foram Globigerinoides ruber records the present-day decrease in surface temperature (SST) of similar to 4 degreesC from Gulf Stream waters to the northeastern Bermuda Rise. If during the LGM the modern delta(18)O/salinity relationship was maintained, this SST contrast was reduced to 2 degreesC. With LGM to interglacial delta(18)O changes of at least 2.2parts per thousand, SSTs in the western subtropical gyre may have been as much as 5 degreesC colder. Above similar to 2.3 km, glacial delta(13)C was higher than today, consistent with nutrient-depleted ( younger) bottom waters, as identified previously. Below that, delta(13)C decreased continually to - 0.5parts per thousand, about equal to the lowest LGM delta(13)C in the North Pacific Ocean. Seven pairs of benthic and planktonic foraminiferal C-14 dates from cores > 2.5 km deep differ by 1100 +/- 340 years, with a maximum apparent ventilation age of similar to 1500 years at 4250 m and at similar to 4700 m. Apparent ventilation ages are presently unavailable for the LGM < 2.5 km because of problems with reworking on the continental slope when sea level was low. Because LGM \&delta;C-13 is about the same in the deep North Atlantic and the deep North Pacific, and because the oldest apparent ventilation ages in the LGM North Atlantic are the same as the North Pacific today, it is possible that the same water mass, probably of southern origin, flowed deep within each basin during the LGM. Very early in the YD, dated here at 11.25 +/- 0.25 ( n = 10) conventional C-14 kyr BP ( equal to 12.9 calendar kyr BP), apparent ventilation ages < 2.3 km water depth were about the same as North Atlantic Deep Water today. Below similar to 2.3 km, four YD pairs average 1030 +/- 400 years. The oldest apparent ventilation age for the YD is 1600 years at 4250 m. This strong contrast in ventilation, which indicates a front between water masses of very different origin, is similar to glacial profiles of nutrient-like proxies. This suggests that the LGM and YD modes of ocean circulation were the same.},
	keywords = {benthic foraminifera, deep-sea sediments, ice-age, Ocean circulation, ocean ventilation, pacific-ocean, radiocarbon, SARGASSO SEA, southern-ocean, Thermohaline circulation, united-states, water circulation, western north atlantic},
	isbn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/2004PA001029},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000225033500003},
	author = {Keigwin, L. D.}
}
