@article {zhou_authigenic_2023,
	title = {Authigenic uranium deposition in the glacial North Atlantic: Implications for changes in oxygenation, carbon storage, and deep water-mass geometry},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {300},
	year = {2023},
	month = {01/2023},
	pages = {107914},
	abstract = {Oxygen in the ocean has essential ecological and climatic functions, and can be an important indicator of deep-ocean ventilation and carbon storage. Previous studies are divided on whether the subsurface North Atlantic, which today is well-oxygenated, had higher or lower oxygen levels during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Crucially, the limited number of previous reconstructions precludes any conclusions regarding basin-wide patterns in past changes in oxygenation. Authigenic uranium in deep-sea sediments is a sensitive redox tracer that can shed light on bottom water oxygen. Here, we leverage published and new U- and Th-series isotope measurements from North Atlantic sediments to calculate the mass accumulation rate of authigenic uranium (aU MAR) during the Holocene and the LGM. We find that greater aU burial, reflecting lower-than-Holocene oxygen levels and correspondingly greater respired carbon storage, were persistent features of the LGM in the deep North Atlantic. The eastern basin was substantially less well-oxygenated than the western basin. This zonal contrast is possibly related to the farther advance and greater infilling to the east of the mid-Atlantic Ridge of deep waters originating from the Southern Ocean. An alternative explanation is the different residence time in the two basins of deep waters originating from the subpolar North Atlantic. Previous compilations of two nutrient tracers, δ13C and CdW, are consistent with the varying-deep-circulation interpretation of our aU MAR dataset. The observed threshold behavior of aU or the pattern of export productivity, especially at high latitudes, may also have enhanced this west-east difference.},
	keywords = {Authigenic uranium, Bottom water oxygen, Last glacial maximum, North Atlantic},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107914},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379122005455},
	author = {Zhou, Y. and McManus, J. F.}
}
@article {2984,
	title = {Age and water-quality characteristics of groundwater discharge to the South Loup River, Nebraska, 2019},
	year = {2022},
	month = {05/2022},
	institution = {U.S. Geological Survey},
	address = {Reston, VA},
	abstract = {Streams in the Loup River Basin are sensitive to groundwater withdrawals because of the close hydrologic connection between groundwater and surface water. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Upper Loup and Lower Loup Natural Resources Districts, and the Nebraska Environmental Trust, studied the age and water-quality characteristics of groundwater near the South Loup River to assess the possible effects of a multiyear drought on streamflow. Groundwater sampled in wells screened in Quaternary-age deposits displayed a wide range of mean ages (27 to 2,100 years), fraction modern, and susceptibility index values. Groundwater with higher concentrations of chloride and higher specific conductance was indicative of younger groundwater with a narrower age distribution and is more sensitive to climatic disturbances such as short-term drought conditions, based on the calculated susceptibility index. Groundwater samples from wells and springs in Pliocene-age deposits were categorized into two groups with different geochemical and age characteristics. One sample group of springs and wells, called the Western Pliocene, had higher concentrations of chloride and nitrate with young mean ages (18 to 77 years) and narrow age distributions. Groundwater in the Western Pliocene sample group is susceptible to short-term drought. In contrast, the other sample group from Pliocene-age deposits to the east (called Pliocene) had lower concentrations of nitrate, chloride, and mean groundwater ages ranging from 1,900 to 2,900 years old and is less likely to be affected by short-term drought conditions. Groundwater sampled from three wells screened in the Ogallala Formation was shown to have the oldest mean ages ranging from 8,700 to 23,000 years and the lowest calculated susceptibility index values observed in this study. Strong upward hydraulic gradients measured in wells indicated that groundwater from the Ogallala Formation is likely contributing to streamflow of the South Loup River. Continuously measured gage height and specific conductance data indicated groundwater discharge from Quaternary-age deposits was highly responsive to precipitation events. In contrast, groundwater discharge from Pliocene-age deposits (Pliocene sample group) was far less responsive, indicating groundwater discharge from Pliocene-age deposits is likely more resilient to short-term drought conditions.},
	isbn = {2022-5042},
	doi = {10.3133/sir20225042},
	url = {http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20225042},
	author = {Hobza, Christopher M. and Solder, John E.}
}
@article {2941,
	title = {AGE, GROWTH AND ARCHITECTURE OF THE HISTORIC BIG TREE AT VICTORIA FALLS, ZIMBABWE ASSESSED BY RADIOCARBON DATING},
	journal = {Dendrochronologia},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-10-2021},
	pages = {125898},
	abstract = {The article discloses the AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon dating results of the historic Big Tree at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe. The research aimed to determine the age, growth and architecture of this renowned African baobab. The superlative baobab is composed of five main stems, three young stems and one false stem. It exhibits an open ring-shaped structure, an architecture that allows baobabs to reach large sizes and old ages. Several wood samples extracted from four stems were dated by radiocarbon. The oldest sample had a radiocarbon date of 978 {\textpm} 14 BP, corresponding to a calibrated age of 955 {\textpm} 20 calendar years. By this value, the Big Tree at Victoria Falls is 1150 {\textpm} 50 years old. We found that the eight common stems belong to three generations, which are 1000-1100, 600-700 and 200-250 years old, respectively. The false stem is 550 years old. The stems belonging to the oldest generation stopped growing over 100 years ago.},
	keywords = {Adansonia digitata, Age determination, AMS radiocarbon dating, growth stop, multiple stems, tropical trees},
	issn = {11257865},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dendro.2021.125898},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1125786521000941},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Patrut, Roxana T. and Rakosy, Laszlo and RATIU, ILEANA ANDREEA and Lowy, Daniel A. and von Reden, Karl F.}
}
@article {2735,
	title = {An abrupt cooling event recorded around 73 kyr in western South Atlantic},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {542},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-03-2020},
	pages = {80 - 87},
	abstract = {This paper presents the record of sea surface temperature and planktonic foraminifera cold species for the last 130 kyr of a deep sea marine piston core (GL-854) from western South Atlantic. Our data shows a prominent and consistent feature around 73 kyr when an abrupt drop in sea surface temperature, both artificial neural network and oxygen isotope-based, was recorded. Additionally, our oxygen isotope curve presents a positive excursion and two cold-water planktonic foraminifera (Globoconella inflata and Neogloboquadrina incompta) remarkably increased their abundances. The benthic oxygen isotope record did not indicate any change while planktonic indicators were intensely disturbed. This cooling episode should be explained by a strong and abrupt mechanism able to promptly affect the surface ocean but not the deep ocean. It seems to be one of the coldest intervals during the last 130 kyr. Here, we discuss some hypothesis for this abrupt cooling recorded in the South Atlantic, including the speculative climatic impact of Toba super-eruption.},
	keywords = {Artificial neural network, C. pelagicus, G. inflata N. incompta, Oxygen isotope record, planktonic foraminifera, Toba volcano},
	issn = {10406182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2020.03.005},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618220300902},
	author = {Camillo, Edmundo and Quadros, Juliana P. and Santarosa, Ana Cl{\'a}udia A. and Costa, Karen B. and Toledo, Felipe A.L.}
}
@article {2683,
	title = {Age validation of yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye (Thunnus obesus) tuna of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-04-2020},
	pages = {637 - 643},
	abstract = {The age and growth of yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye (T. obesus) tuna remain problematic because validation of growth zone deposition (opaque and transparent) hasn{\textquoteright}t been properly evaluated. Otolith growth structure (zone clarity) can be poorly defined for tropical tunas but the use of bomb radiocarbon dating has validated age estimates to 16{\textendash}18 years for yellowfin and bigeye tuna. Use of the radiocarbon decline period {\textemdash} defined by regional coral and otoliths {\textemdash} provided valid ages through ontogeny. Yellowfin tuna aged 2{\textendash}18 years (n = 34, 1029{\textendash}1810 mm FL) and bigeye tuna aged 3{\textendash}17 years (n = 12, 1280{\textendash}1750 mm FL) led to birthyears that were coincident with the bomb radiocarbon decline. The results indicate there was no age reading bias for yellowfin tuna and that age estimates of previous studies were likely underestimated for both species.},
	issn = {0706-652X},
	doi = {10.1139/cjfas-2019-0328},
	url = {https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/full/10.1139/cjfas-2019-0328},
	author = {Andrews, Allen H. and Pacicco, Ashley and Allman, Robert and Falterman, Brett J. and Lang, Erik T. and Golet, Walter}
}
@article {2919,
	title = {Aquifer-Scale Observations of Iron Redox Transformations in Arsenic-Impacted Environments to Predict Future Contamination},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology Letters},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Aug-12-2020},
	pages = {916 - 922},
	abstract = {Iron oxides control the mobility of a host of contaminants in aquifer systems, and the microbial reduction of iron oxides in the subsurface is linked to high levels of arsenic in groundwater that affects greater than 150 million people globally. Paired observations of groundwater and solid-phase aquifer composition are critical to understand spatial and temporal trends in contamination and effectively manage changing water resources, yet field-representative mineralogical data are sparse across redox gradients relevant to arsenic contamination. We characterize iron mineralogy using X-ray absorption spectroscopy across a natural gradient of groundwater arsenic contamination in Vietnam. Hierarchical cluster analysis classifies sediments into meaningful groups delineating weathering and redox changes, diagnostic of depositional history, in this first direct characterization of redox transformations in the field. Notably, these groupings reveal a signature of iron minerals undergoing active reduction before the onset of arsenic contamination in groundwater. Pleistocene sediments undergoing postdepositional reduction may be more extensive than previously recognized due to previous misclassification. By upscaling to similar environments in South and Southeast Asia via multinomial logistic regression modeling, we show that active iron reduction, and therefore susceptibility to future arsenic contamination, is more widely distributed in presumably pristine aquifers than anticipated.},
	keywords = {BANGLADESH, BENGAL BASIN, groundwater, PLEISTOCENE AQUIFER, POLLUTION, RELEASE, RIVER DELTA, Sediment, TRANSPORT, VIETNAM},
	issn = {2328-8930},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.estlett.0c0067210.1021/acs.estlett.0c00672.s00110.1021/acs.estlett.0c00672.s00210.1021/acs.estlett.0c00672.s00310.1021/acs.estlett.0c00672.s004},
	url = {https://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\&SrcApp=search\&SrcAuth=Alerting\&SID=8AkJOJLKFU3j5nkGaRI\&customersID=Alerting\&mode=FullRecord\&IsProductCode=Yes\&AlertId=4d48b20a-7d27-4fa2-},
	author = {Nghiem, Athena A. and Shen, Yating and Stahl, Mason and Sun, Jing and Haque, Ezazul and DeYoung, Beck and Nguyen, Khue N. and Thi Mai, Tran and Trang, Pham Thi Kim and Pham, Hung Viet and Mailloux, Brian and Harvey, Charles F. and van Geen, Alexander and Bostick, Benjam{\'\i}n C.}
}
@article {2672,
	title = {Arctic amplification of global warming strengthened by sunlight oxidation of permafrost carbon to CO2},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Sep-06-2020},
	abstract = {Once thawed, up to 15\% of the \~{}1,000 Pg of organic carbon (C) in arctic permafrost soils may be oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) by 2100, amplifying climate change. However, predictions of this amplification strength ignore the oxidation of permafrost C to CO2 in surface waters (photomineralization). We characterized the wavelength dependence of permafrost dissolved organic carbon (DOC) photomineralization and demonstrate that iron catalyzes photomineralization of old DOC (4,000-6,300 a BP) derived from soil lignin and tannin. Rates of CO2 production from photomineralization of permafrost DOC are two-fold higher than for modern DOC. Given that model predictions of future net loss of ecosystem C from thawing permafrost do not include the loss of CO2 to the atmosphere from DOC photomineralization, current predictions of an average of 208 Pg C loss by 2299 may be too low by ~14\%.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2020GL087085},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GL087085},
	author = {Bowen, J. C. and Ward, C. P. and Kling, G. W. and Cory, R. M.}
}
@article {2704,
	title = {Arsenic contamination of Bangladesh aquifers exacerbated by clay layers},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-12-2020},
	abstract = {Confining clay layers typically protect groundwater aquifers against downward intrusion of contaminants. In the context of groundwater arsenic in Bangladesh, we challenge this notion here by showing that organic carbon drawn from a clay layer into a low-arsenic pre-Holocene (>12 kyr-old) aquifer promotes the reductive dissolution of iron oxides and the release of arsenic. The finding explains a steady rise in arsenic concentrations in a pre-Holocene aquifer below such a clay layer and the repeated failure of a structurally sound community well. Tritium measurements indicate that groundwater from the affected depth interval (40{\textendash}50 m) was recharged >60 years ago. Deeper (55{\textendash}65 m) groundwater in the same pre-Holocene aquifer was recharged only 10{\textendash}50 years ago but is still low in arsenic. Proximity to a confining clay layer that expels organic carbon as an indirect response to groundwater pumping, rather than directly accelerated recharge, caused arsenic contamination of this pre-Holocene aquifer.},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-16104-z},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-16104-z},
	author = {Mihajlov, Ivan and Mozumder, M. Rajib H. and Bostick, Benjam{\'\i}n C. and Stute, Martin and Mailloux, Brian J. and Knappett, Peter S. K. and Choudhury, Imtiaz and Ahmed, Kazi Matin and Schlosser, Peter and van Geen, Alexander}
}
@article {2729,
	title = {Asian summer monsoon influence on chemical weathering and sediment provenance determined by clay mineral analysis from the Indus Submarine Canyon},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-01-2020},
	pages = {23 - 39},
	abstract = {Clay minerals from the Indus Canyon and eastern clinoform since ~12 ka are uniformly rich in smectite and illite, similar to those from the Holocene Indus flood plains. A systematic enrichment of smectite in the proximal delta compared to the canyon and eastern clinoform argues for preferential capture of smectite close to the river mouth since ~12 ka. There is a rapid shift to a more smectite-rich assemblage in the canyon and eastern clinoform after ~5 ka. This change is probably caused by a change in sediment source, with less direct flux from the Himalaya and more erosion of older, weathered, smectite-rich sediment from the Indus River flood plains, driven by incision of the Indus and its tributaries into the floodplain as summer monsoon rains weakened. This influx of smectite is consistent with lower kaolinite/smectite values since ~5 ka. The onset of large-scale agricultural activities since ~5 ka, especially starting with the Harappan Civilization, may also have enhanced incision and erosion of floodplain sediments over the same time period. This study reports for the first time how monsoon strength variations since ~12 ka affected the clay mineral assemblages and sediment provenance in a major submarine canyon.},
	keywords = {Clay minerals, Holocene, monsoon, Provenance, Reworking, Submarine canyon},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1017/qua.2019.44},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/quaternary-research/article/asian-summer-monsoon-influence-on-chemical-weathering-and-sediment-provenance-determined-by-clay-mineral-analysis-from-the-indus-submarine-canyon/AA11F458BD5924C1BD9EC9901D1F2941},
	author = {Li, Yuting and Clift, Peter D. and Murray, Richard W. and Exnicios, Elise and Ireland, Thomas and B{\"o}ning, Philipp}
}
@article {2646,
	title = {Abrupt mid-Holocene ice loss in the western Weddell Sea Embayment of Antarctica},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {518},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-07-2019},
	pages = {127 - 135},
	abstract = {The glacial history of the westernmost Weddell Sea sector of Antarctica since the Last Glacial Maximum is virtually unknown, and yet it has been identified as critical for improving reliability of glacio-isostatic adjustment models that are required to correct satellite-derived estimates of ice sheet mass balance. Better knowledge of the glacial history of this region is also important for validating ice sheet models that are used to predict future contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet to sea level rise. Here we present a new Holocene deglacial chronology from a site on the Lassiter Coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, which is situated in the western Weddell Sea sector. Samples from 12 erratic cobbles and 18 bedrock surfaces from a series of presently-exposed ridges were analysed for cosmogenic Be-10 exposure dating, and a smaller suite of 7 bedrock samples for in situ C-14 dating. The resulting Be-10 ages are predominantly in the range 80-690 ka, whereas bedrock yielded much younger in situ C-14 ages, in the range 6.0-7.5 ka for samples collected from 138-385 m above the modern ice surface. From these we infer that the ice sheet experienced a period of abrupt thinning over a short time interval (no more than 2700 years) in the mid-Holocene, resulting in lowering of its surface by at least 250 m. Any late Holocene change in ice sheet thickness - such as re-advance, postulated by several modelling studies - must lie below the present ice sheet surface. The substantial difference in exposure ages derived from Be-10 and C-14 dating for the same samples additionally implies ubiquitous Be-10 inheritance acquired during ice-free periods prior to the last deglaciation, an interpretation that is consistent with our glacial-geomorphological field observations for former cold-based ice cover. The results of this study provide evidence for an episode of abrupt ice sheet surface lowering in the mid-Holocene, similar in rate, timing and magnitude to at least two other locations in Antarctica.},
	keywords = {Antarctica, cosmogenic dating in situ 14C, Holocene, Weddell Sea ice sheet},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2019.05.002},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X19302638},
	author = {Johnson, Joanne S. and Nichols, Keir A. and Goehring, Brent M. and Balco, Greg and Schaefer, Joerg M.}
}
@article {2884,
	title = {Age, Growth and Death of a National Icon: The Historic Chapman Baobab of Botswana},
	journal = {Forests},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-11-2019},
	pages = {983},
	abstract = {The year 2016 witnessed the fall of a symbol of the botanical world: the historic Chapman baobab of Botswana. This article presents the results of our investigation of the standing and fallen tree. The Chapman baobab had an open ring-shaped structure composed of six partially fused stems. Several wood samples collected from the stems prior and after their collapse were analysed by using radiocarbon dating. The radiocarbon date of the oldest sample was 1381 {\textpm} 22 BP, which corresponds to a calibrated age of 1345 (+10, -15) calendar years. The dating results show that the six stems of the Chapman baobab belonged to three different generations, which were 1350{\textendash}1400, 800{\textendash}1000 and 500{\textendash}600 years old. The growth rate variation of the largest and oldest stem is presented and correlated with the climate evolution in the area over the past 1000 years. The factors that determined the sudden fall and death of the Chapman baobab are also presented and discussed.},
	doi = {10.3390/f10110983},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/11/983},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Woodborne, Stephan and Patrut, Roxana T. and Hall, Grant and Rakosy, Laszlo and Winterbach, Christiaan and von Reden, Karl F.}
}
@article {2797,
	title = {Analysis of multiple cosmogenic nuclides constrains Laurentide Ice Sheet history and process on Mt. Mansfield, Vermont{\textquoteright}s highest peak},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {205},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-02-2019},
	pages = {234 - 246},
	abstract = {Constraining glacial history and process on Mt Mansfield, the highest peak in Vermont (1339 m a.s.l.), provides insight into how the Laurentide Ice Sheet shaped the underlying landscape, when latest Pleistocene ice retreated, and how upland and lowland glacial histories relate. Here, we quantify in situ cosmogenic 10Be in 20 bedrock and boulder surfaces, as well as in situ cosmogenic 14C in three of those surfaces, to assess subglacial erosion and exposure history. Isotopic concentrations indicate that Mt. Mansfield{\textquoteright}s lower elevations (\~{}400{\textendash}1200 m a.s.l.) were deeply eroded by at least several meters during the last glaciation and then deglaciated rapidly; 10Be ages across this elevation span are indistinguishable and average 13.9 {\textpm} 0.6 ka (n = 15), suggesting that 800 m of ice thinning occurred within at most about a millennium. Conversely, the higher elevations (>1200 m a.s.l.) preserve a more complex geomorphic history. Mt. Mansfield{\textquoteright}s summit surfaces contain 10Be from previous periods of exposure, indicating that the mountaintop landscapes were likely preserved beneath cold-based, weakly-erosive glacial ice. Exposure ages from the shorter-lived isotope, 14C, are younger (9.7 and 11.7 ka), suggesting that Mt. Mansfield{\textquoteright}s summit was covered until the early Holocene, perhaps by snowfields, ice carapaces, and/or till. Our findings, in context of previous work, suggest that thinning Laurentide ice flowed through the valleys for at most hundreds of years following deglaciation of the uplands, but that the summit remained shielded by ice or sediment for millennia after the valleys became ice-free.},
	keywords = {Cosmogenic isotopes, erosion, Geochronology, Glaciation, Last glacial maximum, North America, Pleistocene},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.014},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379118307145},
	author = {Corbett, Lee B. and Bierman, Paul R. and Wright, Stephen F. and Shakun, Jeremy D. and Davis, P. Thompson and Goehring, Brent M. and Halsted, Christopher T. and Koester, Alexandria J. and Caffee, Marc W. and Zimmerman, Susan R.}
}
@article { ISI:000480669600041,
	title = {Annual radiocarbon measurements in a century-old European beech tree (Fagus sylvatica) from coastal northeastern North America},
	journal = {NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS \& METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS},
	volume = {456},
	year = {2019},
	month = {OCT 1},
	pages = {264-270},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon (C-14) concentrations of annual tree rings from an European beech tree (Fagus sylvatica) from Woods Hole, MA, USA were analyzed at National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry facility (NOSAMS) to construct a C-14 bomb curve record from northeastern North America. The C-14 concentration rises from a pre bomb (1895-1955) average of Fraction Modern ((FC)-C-14) = 0.9764 to a peak of 1.8639 in 1964. After 1964, (FC)-C-14 gradually decreases to 1.0611 in 2014. The annual tree-ring radiocarbon content agrees with the atmospheric radiocarbon content of the Northern Hemisphere and is very similar to the radiocarbon concentration of a red oak (Quercus rubra) tree located in Bear Mountain State Park in New York, USA. Infra-annual tree-ring pairs did not produce evidence of a seasonal effect on the radiocarbon concentration, but there were few samples and more study is warranted.},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2019.03.029},
	author = {Gaylord, Mary C. Lardie and Longworth, Brett E. and Murphy, Keelan and Cobb, Caroline and McNichol, Ann P.}
}
@article {2802,
	title = {Antarctic Relic Microbial Mat Community Revealed by Metagenomics and Metatranscriptomics},
	journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Nov-01-2020},
	abstract = {Buried upslope from the modern lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are relict lake deposits embedded in valley walls. Within these relict deposits, ancient microbial mats, or paleomats, have been preserved under extremely arid and cold conditions since the receding of larger paleolakes thousands of years ago, and now serve as a sheltered niche for microbes in a highly challenging oligotrophic environment. To explore whether paleomats could be repositories for ancient lake cells or were later colonized by soil microbes, determine what types of metabolic pathways might be present, analyze potential gene expression, and explore whether the cells are in a vegetative or dormant state, we collected paleomat samples from ancient lake facies on the northern slopes of Lake Vanda in Wright Valley in December 2016. Using a gentle lysis technique optimized to preserve longer molecules, combined with a polyenzymatic treatment to maximize yields from different cell types, we isolated high-molecular weight DNA and RNA from ancient paleomat samples. Community composition analysis suggests that the paleomat community may retain a population of indigenous mat cells that may flourish once more favorable conditions are met. In addition to harboring a diverse microbial community, paleomats appear to host heterotrophs in surrounding soils utilizing the deposits as a carbon source. Whole genome long-read PacBio sequencing of native DNA and Illumina metagenomic sequencing of size-sorted DNA (>2,500 nt) indicated possible cell viability, with mat community composed of bacterial taxa. Metagenome assemblies identified genes with predicted roles in nitrogen cycling and complex carbohydrate degradation, and we identified key metabolic pathways such as stress response, DNA repair, and sporulation. Metatranscriptomic data revealed that the most abundant transcripts code for products involved in genetic information processing pathways, particularly translation, DNA replication, and DNA repair. Our results lend new insight into the functional ecology of paleomat deposits, with implications for our understanding of cell biology, Antarctic microbiology and biogeography, and the limits of life in extremely harsh environments.},
	doi = {10.3389/fevo.2019.00001},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fevo.2019.00001/full},
	author = {Zaikova, Elena and Goerlitz, David S. and Tighe, Scott W. and Wagner, Nicole Y. and Bai, Yu and Hall, Brenda L. and Bevilacqua, Julie G. and Weng, Margaret M. and Samuels-Fair, Maya D. and Johnson, Sarah Stewart}
}
@article { ISI:000481723500018,
	title = {The application of delta C-13, TOC and C/N geochemistry of mangrove sediments to reconstruct Holocene paleoenvironments and relative sea levels, Puerto Rico},
	journal = {MARINE GEOLOGY},
	volume = {415},
	year = {2019},
	month = {SEP},
	pages = {105963},
	abstract = {We assessed the use of delta C-13, TOC and C/N values of bulk sedimentary organic matter (OM) to reconstruct paleoenvironmental and relative sea-level change from mangrove environments in Puerto Rico. The modern distribution of delta C-13, TOC and C/N values was described from 63 vegetation and 59 surface sediment samples collected from three sites containing basin and riverine mangrove stands, and was compared to microfossil (foraminiferal and thecamoebian) assemblages. Four vertically-zoned environments were identified: tidal flat (delta C-13: -18.6 +/- 2.8 parts per thousand; TOC: 10.2 +/- 5.7\%; C/N: 12.7 +/- 3.1), mangrove (delta C-13: -26.4 +/- 1.0 parts per thousand; TOC: 33.9 +/- 13.4\%; C/N: 24.3 +/- 6.2), brackish transition (delta C-13: -28.8 +/- 0.7 parts per thousand; TOC: 40.8 +/- 11.7\%; C/N: 21.7 +/- 3.7), and freshwater swamp (delta C-13: -28.4 +/- 0.4 parts per thousand; TOC: 42.8 +/- 4.8\%; C/N: 17.0 +/- 1.1). These environments had distinct delta C-13, TOC and C/N values, with the exception of the brackish transition and freshwater swamp zones that were difficult to distinguish on a geochemical basis alone. The foraminiferal assemblages were complicated by a group that did not show a relationship to elevation due to the presence of calcareous foraminifera occurring above mean higher high water (MHHW), likely resulting from washover or transport by storms. However, the ratio of foraminifera to thecamoebians (F/T) along with delta C-13, TOC and C/N values refines the distinction between brackish and freshwater environments. Using linear discriminant analysis, we applied the delta C-13, TOC, C/N and F/T distributions to a 1.7 m core containing a continuous sequence of Rhizophora mangle peat, which began accumulating at similar to 1650-1930 CE. Together, microfossils, delta C-13, TOC, and C/N values, and the core chronology from Cs-137 and radiocarbon dating revealed that sediments in the core likely accumulated in response to anthropogenic sediment delivery, making it unsuitable for relative sea-level reconstruction. We caution that in the absence of detailed litho-, bio-, chemo-, or chrono-stratigraphic analyses as presented here, care should be taken in interpreting sea-level histories derived from single dates on mangrove peats.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2019.105963},
	author = {Khan, Nicole S. and Vane, Christopher H. and Engelhart, Simon E. and Kendrick, Chris and Horton, Benjamin P.}
}
@article {2990,
	title = {Arsenic variability and groundwater age in three water supply wells in southeast New Hampshire},
	journal = {Geoscience Frontiers},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2019},
	month = {09/2019},
	pages = {1669 - 1683},
	abstract = {Three wells in New Hampshire were sampled bimonthly over three years to evaluate the temporal variability of arsenic concentrations and groundwater age. All samples had measurable concentrations of arsenic throughout the entire sampling period and concentrations in individual wells had a mean variation of more than 7~μg/L. The time series data from this sampling effort showed that arsenic concentrations ranged from a median of 4~μg/L in a glacial aquifer well (SGW-65) to medians of 19~μg/L and 37~μg/L in wells (SGW-93 and KFW-87) screened in the bedrock aquifer, respectively. These high arsenic concentrations were associated with the consistently high pH (median~>=~8) and low dissolved oxygen (median <0.1~mg/L) in the bedrock aquifer wells, which is typical of fractured crystalline bedrock aquifers in New Hampshire. Groundwater from the glacial aquifer often has high dissolved oxygen, but in this case was consistently low. The pH also is generally acidic in the glacial aquifer but in this case was slightly alkaline (median~=~7.5). Also, sorption sites may be more abundant in glacial aquifer deposits than in fractured bedrock which may contribute to lower arsenic concentrations. Mean groundwater ages were less than 50 years old in all three wells and correlated with conservative tracer concentrations, such as chloride; however, mean age was not directly correlated with arsenic concentrations. Arsenic concentrations at KFW-87 did correlate with water levels, in addition, there was a seasonal pattern, which suggests that either the timing of or multiple sampling efforts may be important to define the full range of arsenic concentrations in domestic bedrock wells. Since geochemically reduced conditions and alkaline pHs are common to both bedrock and glacial aquifer wells in this study, groundwater age correlates less strongly with arsenic concentrations than geochemical conditions. There also is evidence of direct hydraulic connection between the glacial and bedrock aquifers, which can influence arsenic concentrations. Correlations between arsenic concentrations and the age of the old fraction of water in SGW-65 and the age of the young fraction of water in SGW-93 suggest that water in the two aquifers may be mixing or at least some of the deeper, older water captured by the glacial aquifer well may be from a similar source as the shallow young groundwater from the bedrock aquifer. The contrast in arsenic concentrations in the two aquifers may be because of increased adsorption capacity of glacio-fluvial sediments, which can limit contaminants more than fractured rock. In addition, this study illustrates that long residence times are not necessary to achieve more geochemically evolved conditions such as high pH and reduced conditions as is typically found with older water in other regions.},
	keywords = {Age tracers, Arsenic variability, Geochemical time series, Groundwater age modeling},
	isbn = {1674-9871},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gsf.2019.01.002},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987119300313},
	author = {Levitt, Joseph P. and Degnan, James R. and Flanagan, Sarah M. and Jurgens, Bryant C.}
}
@article {2864,
	title = {Active Ooid Growth Driven By Sediment Transport in a High-Energy Shoal, Little Ambergris Cay, Turks and Caicos Islands},
	journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Research},
	volume = {88},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jun-09-2020},
	pages = {1132 - 1151},
	abstract = {Ooids are a common component of carbonate successions of all ages and present significant potential as paleoenvironmental proxies, if the mechanisms that control their formation and growth can be understood quantitatively. There are a number of hypotheses about the controls on ooid growth, each offering different ideas on where and how ooids accrete and what role, if any, sediment transport and abrasion might play. These hypotheses have not been well tested in the field, largely due to the inherent challenges of tracking individual grains over long timescales. This study presents a detailed field test of ooid-growth hypotheses on Little Ambergris Cay in the Turks and Caicos Islands, British Overseas Territories. This field site is characterized by westward net sediment transport from waves driven by persistent easterly trade winds. This configuration makes it possible to track changes in ooid properties along their transport path as a proxy for changes in time. Ooid size, shape, and radiocarbon age were compared along this path to determine in which environments ooids are growing or abrading. Ooid surface textures, petrographic fabrics, stable-isotope compositions (δ13C, δ18O, and δ34S), lipid geochemistry, and genetic data were compared to characterize mechanisms of precipitation and degradation and to determine the relative contributions of abiotic (e.g., abiotic precipitation, physical abrasion) and biologically influenced processes (e.g., biologically mediated precipitation, fabric destruction through microbial microboring and micritization) to grain size and character. A convergence of evidence shows that active ooid growth occurs along the transport path in a high-energy shoal environment characterized by frequent suspended-load transport: median ooid size increases by more than 100 μm and bulk radiocarbon ages decrease by 360 yr westward along the \~{} 20 km length of the shoal crest. Lipid and 16S rRNA data highlight a spatial disconnect between the environments with the most extensive biofilm colonization and environments with active ooid growth. Stable-isotope compositions are indistinguishable among samples, and are consistent with abiotic precipitation of aragonite from seawater. Westward increases in ooid sphericity and the abundance of well-polished ooids illustrate that ooids experience subequal amounts of growth and abrasion{\textemdash}in favor of net growth{\textemdash}as they are transported along the shoal crest. Overall, these results demonstrate that, in the Ambergris system, the mechanism of ooid growth is dominantly abiotic and the loci of ooid growth is determined by both carbonate saturation and sediment transport mode. Microbes play a largely destructive, rather than constructive, role in ooid size and fabric.},
	issn = {1527-1404},
	doi = {10.2110/jsr.2018.59},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/sepm/jsedres/article/88/9/1132/559083/Active-Ooid-Growth-Driven-By-Sediment-Transport-in},
	author = {Trower, Elizabeth J. and Cantine, Marjorie D. and Gomes, Maya L. and Grotzinger, John P. and Knoll, Andrew H. and Lamb, Michael P. and Lingappa, Usha and O{\textquoteright}Reilly, Shane S. and Present, Theodore M. and Stein, Nathan and Strauss, Justin V. and Fischer, Woodward W.}
}
@article {2607,
	title = {On the Age and Origin of Lake Ejagham, Cameroon, and Its Endemic FishesAbstract},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {895716332765461461671825961727356647223},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-01-2018},
	pages = {21 - 32},
	abstract = {Lake Ejagham is a small, shallow lake in Cameroon, West Africa, which supports five endemic species of cichlid fishes in two distinct lineages. Genetic evidence suggests a relatively young age for the species flocks, but supporting geologic evidence has thus far been unavailable. Here we present diatom, geochemical, mineralogical, and radiocarbon data from two sediment cores that provide new insights into the age and origin of Lake Ejagham and its endemic fishes. Radiocarbon ages at the base of the longer core indicate that the lake formed approximately 9 ka ago, and the diatom record of the shorter core suggests that hydroclimate variability during the last 3 millennia was similar to that of other lakes in Cameroon and Ghana. These findings establish a maximum age of ca. 9 cal ka BP for the lake and its endemic species and suggest that repeated cichlid speciation in two distinct lineages occurred rapidly within the lake. Local geology and West African paleoclimate records argue against a volcanic, chemical, or climatic origin for Lake Ejagham. Although not conclusive, the morphometry of the lake and possible signs of impact-induced effects on quartz grains are instead more suggestive of a bolide impact.},
	keywords = {Africa, cameroon, Cichlid, Diatom, evolution, Lake Ejagham, Speciation, West African monsoon},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1017/qua.2017.37},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033589417000370/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033589417000370},
	author = {Curt Stager, Jay and Alton, Kenneth and Martin, Christopher H. and King, David T. and Petruny, Lucille W. and Wiltse, Brendan and Livingstone, Daniel A.}
}
@article {2696,
	title = {Aging and Molecular Changes of Dissolved Organic Matter Between Two Deep Oceanic End-Members},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-10-2018},
	pages = {1449 - 1456},
	abstract = {The global ocean contains a massive reservoir of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), rivaling the atmosphere{\textquoteright}s pool of CO2. The most recalcitrant fractions have mean radiocarbon ages of ~4,000 years in the Atlantic to ~6,000 years in the Pacific. Knowing the radiocarbon signatures of DOC and the molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is crucial to develop understanding of the persistence and lifetime of the DOC pool. In this research, we collected samples from the deep North Pacific in August 2013 (aboard the RV Melville) to couple the Δ14C content of solid-phase-extracted DOM (Δ14C-SPE-DOM) with its molecular composition in the ocean{\textquoteright}s oldest deep waters. We find that deep waters in this region held a mean Δ14C-SPE-DOM value of -554 {\textpm} 9{\textperthousand} (~6,400 14C years), substantially more depleted than that in the deep Atlantic, which held a mean Δ14C-SPE-DOM value of -445 {\textpm} 5{\textperthousand}. While we find a more degraded molecular composition of DOM in the deep Pacific than the deep Atlantic, the molecular formulae within the Island of Stability (Lechtenfeld et al., 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.11.009), are largely retained. These results imply that a fraction of deep DOM is resistant to removal and present in both the deep Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.},
	doi = {10.1029/2017GB005854},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2017GB005854},
	author = {Bercovici, S. K. and Koch, B. P. and Lechtenfeld, O. J. and McCallister, S. L. and Schmitt-Kopplin, P. and Hansell, D. A.}
}
@article {2819,
	title = {Along-slope variations in sediment lithofacies and depositional processes since the Last Glacial Maximum on the northeast Baffin margin, Canada},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {405},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-11-2018},
	pages = {92 - 107},
	abstract = {Twelve piston cores were used to characterize late Quaternary lithofacies, depositional processes and deglacial history along the Baffin Bay slope between Lancaster Sound and Home Bay. Core investigations show four distinct laterally correlatable lithofacies along the slope {\textendash} basal and upper diamicton, laminated red brown mud, tan carbonate gravelly, sandy mud and bioturbated brown mud. Basal diamicton largely represents glacigenic debris flow deposits during a glacial advance from Baffin Island at ~25 cal ka. The distribution and character of laminated red brown mud suggests a lateral supply to Baffin Bay slope from ice-proximal meltwater plumes and turbidity currents sourced in glacial ice from both Baffin Bay shelf and Home Bay between 41.5 cal ka to ~14.2 cal ka. An upper diamicton records a lesser, localized glacial advance that ended at about 14.2 cal ka. Tan carbonate mud events represent ice-rafted, enhanced detrital carbonate delivery to the slope between ~25 cal ka and ~11 cal ka. A gradual thinning of these events, from northern to southern Baffin Bay, corroborates a northern Baffin Bay, Lancaster Sound or Nares Strait iceberg source. Proglacial facies seaward of Home Bay contain beds with slightly elevated detrital carbonate that may represent the distal edge of carbonate ice-rafted from Lancaster Sound. Baffin Bay is a type example of a polar glacial basin in which direct glacial supply predominates over the effects of glacial meltwater. As a result, axial supply from the large ice streams north of Baffin Bay (particularly Lancaster Sound) is dominant in the Baffin Bay basin and lateral supply from smaller ice streams on Baffin Island predominates on the NE Baffin Slope.},
	keywords = {Baffin Bay, Glacigenic debris flow, Late Quaternary, lithofacies, stratigraphy, Tan carbonate events},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2018.07.012},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025322717306321},
	author = {Jenner, K.A. and Campbell, D.C. and Piper, D.J.W.}
}
@article {2629,
	title = {Ancient water wells reveal a prolonged drought in the lower Yellow River area about 2800 years ago},
	journal = {Science Bulletin},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-10-2018},
	pages = {1324 - 1327},
	abstract = {Given that the Holocene is the most recent interglacial period that has spurred the development of modern societies, scrutinizing climate changes during this period may provide a knowledge base for better understanding the rise and fall of ancient civilizations. However, our knowledge about the mechanism of millennial-scale climate variability particularly in the absence of major continental ice sheets during the second half of the Holocene remains highly uncertain. Although cold spells manifested as the Bond events have been widely reported in the North Atlantic sector during the mid-to-late Holocene, it is not clear whether or not there is a global expression of these events. Therefore, well-tuned far-field proxy records are indispensable to pinpoint the geographical extent of these climate events. Here we show evidence from ancient water wells in North China for a prolonged drought corresponding to a period of pervasive cooling in the North Atlantic region lasting from about 800 to 550 before the Common Era (BCE). Inferred climatic conditions using a conceptual hydrological model, in line with other proxy records, support the hypothesis of the Sun-climate link probably through the complex ocean-atmospheric interactions in the tropical oceans. Our finding suggests that water well construction represented a major technical invention in human history, which greatly improved the resilience against the depletion of surface water at times when arid climate prevailed. The linked climatic and societal changes demonstrated here can serve as a historical analogue for the socio-economic response to potentially large climate changes in the future.},
	issn = {20959273},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scib.2018.09.017},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2095927318304651https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2095927318304651?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2095927318304651?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Yu, Shiyong and Chen, Xuexiang and Liu, Xiuling and Fang, Zhen and Guo, Junfeng and Zhan, Senyang and Fang, Hui and Chen, Fahu}
}
@article {2801,
	title = {Asynchronous behavior of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and local glaciers during and since Termination 1, Salmon Valley, Antarctica},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {482},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-01-2018},
	pages = {396 - 406},
	abstract = {The stability of the Antarctic Ice Sheet under future warming remains an open question with broad implications for sea-level prediction and adaptation. In particular, knowledge of whether the ice sheet has the capacity for rapid drawdown or collapse, or whether it can remain stable during periods of warming, is essential for predicting its future behavior. Here we use 55 radiocarbon dates, coupled with geomorphologic mapping, to reconstruct the timing of changes in ice extent and elevation during the last ice-age termination in Salmon Valley, adjacent to McMurdo Sound in the western Ross Sea Embayment. Results indicate that a grounded ice sheet in the Ross Sea Embayment achieved its maximum elevation and extent along the headlands of Salmon Valley at \~{}18,000 yr BP, during a period of increasing temperatures and accumulation over the Antarctic continent. This ice remained at or near its maximum on the headlands near the valley mouth until after \~{}14,000 yr BP. Removal of grounded Ross Sea ice from Salmon Valley was complete shortly after \~{}7900 yr BP, indicating that the grounding line had retreated through southern McMurdo Sound by that time. We suggest the primary driver of Ross Sea ice removal from McMurdo Sound was marine-based, either through basal melting or calving due to sea-level rise. When combined with regional data, the Salmon Valley record suggests that this sector of the Antarctic Ice Sheet did not contribute in a significant way to deglacial meltwater pulses, such as meltwater pulse 1a. In contrast to the Ross Sea ice, our work also shows that local, independent alpine glaciers in Salmon Valley have advanced through the Holocene. Land-terminating glaciers such as these elsewhere in the region show a similar pattern, and may reflect the continued influence of increased accumulation following the termination of the last ice age.},
	keywords = {Antarctic Ice Sheet, glacial geomorphology, ice sheet stability, Termination I},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2017.11.038},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012821X1730674X},
	author = {Jackson, Margaret S. and Hall, Brenda L. and Denton, George H.}
}
@article {2619,
	title = {An atmospheric chronology for the glacial-deglacial Eastern Equatorial Pacific},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Aug-06-2018},
	abstract = {Paleoclimate reconstructions are only as good as their chronology. In particular, different chronological assumptions for marine sediment
cores can lead to different reconstructions of ocean ventilation age and atmosphere-ocean carbon exchange history. Here we build the first high-resolution chronology that is free of the dating uncertainties common in marine sediment records, based on radiocarbon dating twigs found with computed tomography scans in two cores from the Eastern Equatorial Pacific (EEP). With this accurate chronology, we show that the ventilation ages of the EEP thermocline and intermediate waters were similar to today during the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation, in contradiction with previous studies. Our results suggest that the glacial respired carbon pool in the EEP was not significantly older than today, and that the deglacial strengthening of the equatorial Pacific carbon source was probably driven by low-latitude processes rather than an increased subsurface supply of upwelled carbon from high-latitude oceans.},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-05574-x},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05574-xhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05574-x.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05574-xhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05574-x.pdf},
	author = {Zhao, Ning and Keigwin, Lloyd D.}
}
@article {2599,
	title = {African Baobabs with a Very Large Number of Stems and False Stems: Radiocarbon Investigation of the Baobab of Warang},
	journal = {Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Chemia},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2017},
	month = {May-03-2018},
	pages = {111 - 120},
	abstract = {The article presents the AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon dating results of the baobab of Warang, Senegal. The investigation of the baobab revealed that it consists of 18 partially fused stems, which represents the largest number of stems reported for an African baobab. Three stems build the ring that closes a false cavity, while 15 stems grow outside the ring. Seven wood samples were collected from the false cavity and from the outer part of other stems. The dating results evinced that the stems belong to four different generations, out of which the first generation is around 500 years old. We also documented the presence of false stems, which emerge from a large adjacent stem, are triangular in horizontal section and act as an anchor. The baobab of Warang possesses 12 ordinary stems and 6 false stems.},
	keywords = {Adansonia digitata, Age determination, AMS radiocarbon dating, inner cavity, multiple stems, tropical trees},
	issn = {12247154},
	doi = {10.24193/subbchem10.24193/subbchem.2017.110.24193/subbchem.2017.1.09},
	url = {http://chem.ubbcluj.ro/~studiachemia/http://chem.ubbcluj.ro/~studiachemia/chemia2017_1.htmlhttp://www.chem.ubbcluj.ro/~studiachemia/issues/chemia2017_1/09Patrut_etal_111_120.pdf},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Garnaud, {\'e}bastien and Ka, Oumar and Patrut, Roxana T. and Diagne, Tomas and Lowy, Daniel A. and Forizs, Edit and Bodis, {\H o} and von Reden, Karl F.}
}
@article {2603,
	title = {Age Constraints on Gulf of Mexico Deep Water Ventilation as Determined by 14C MeasurementsAbstract},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jun-09-2018},
	pages = {1 - 16},
	abstract = {While the exchange of water through Yucatan Strait is reasonably well known, the age of the deep water in both the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico is not. We recently measured the radiocarbon (14C) concentrations in deep water in the Gulf of Mexico from a line of stations along 90{\textdegree}30'W. The mean apparent age of water below 900 m, the depth of the Florida Strait sill, was found to be about 740 yr relative to the 1950 14C standard. Depending on how the corrections for biological activity in the upper water are applied, this converts to a {\textquotedblleft}true{\textquotedblright} age of between 231 {\textpm} 28 and 293 {\textpm} 74 yr. These ages agree with a previous estimate of the age of the deep water in the Gulf of Mexico based on heat flows, put upper limits on the age of the deep water in the Caribbean Sea, and provide constraints on modelers for the return of deep water from the Gulf of Mexico to the Caribbean. This might be important in the event of a future deep water oil or other chemical spill in the region.},
	keywords = {Gulf of Mexico, radiocarbon AMS dating, water},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2017.80},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822217000807/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033822217000807},
	author = {Chapman, Piers and DiMarco, Steven F and Key, Robert M and Previti, Connie and Yvon-Lewis, Shari}
}
@article {2840,
	title = {Aged dissolved organic carbon exported from rivers of the Tibetan Plateau},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Feb-05-2019},
	pages = {e0178166},
	abstract = {The role played by river networks in regional and global carbon cycle is receiving increasing attention. Despite the potential of radiocarbon measurements (14C) to elucidate sources and cycling of different riverine carbon pools, there remain large regions such as the climate-sensitive Tibetan Plateau for which no data are available. Here we provide new 14C data on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from three large Asian rivers (the Yellow, Yangtze and Yarlung Tsangpo Rivers) running on the Tibetan Plateau and present the carbon transportation pattern in rivers of the plateau versus other river system in the world. Despite higher discharge rates during the high flow season, the DOC yield of Tibetan Plateau rivers (0.41 gC m-2 yr-1) was lower than most other rivers due to lower concentrations. Radiocarbon ages of the DOC were older/more depleted (511{\textpm}294 years before present, yr BP) in the Tibetan rivers than those in Arctic and tropical rivers. A positive correlation between radiocarbon age and permafrost watershed coverage was observed, indicating that 14C-deplted/old carbon is exported from permafrost regions of the Tibetan Plateau during periods of high flow. This is in sharp contrast to permafrost regions of the Arctic which export 14C-enriched carbon during high discharge periods.},
	keywords = {Carbon cycle, Carbon dioxide, Climate change, Rain, Rivers, Surface water, Tibetan people, TIBETAN PLATEAU},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0178166},
	url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178166},
	author = {Qu, Bin and Sillanp{\"a}{\"a}, Mika and Li, Chaoliu and Kang, Shichang and Stubbins, Aron and Yan, Fangping and Aho, Kelly Sue and Zhou, Feng and Raymond, Peter A.},
	editor = {Lin, Senjie}
}
@article {1284,
	title = { Allochthonous sources and dynamic cycling of ocean dissolved organic carbon revealed by carbon isotopes},
	journal = {GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2017},
	month = {03/2017},
	pages = {2407-2415},
	abstract = {We present concentration and isotopic profiles of total, size, and polarity fractionated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from Station ALOHA (A Long-term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment), an oligotrophic site in the North Pacific Ocean. The data show that, between the surface and 3500 m, low molecular weight (LMW) hydrophilic DOC, LMW hydrophobic DOC, and high molecular weight (HMW) DOC constitute 22-33\%, 45-52\%, and 23-35\% of DOC, respectively. LMW hydrophilic DOC is more isotopically depleted (delta C-13 of -23.9 parts per thousand to -31.5 parts per thousand and Delta C-14 of -304 parts per thousand to -795 parts per thousand; mean age of 2850 to 15000 years) than the LMW hydrophobic DOC (delta C-13 of -22 parts per thousand to -23 parts per thousand and Delta C-14 of -270 parts per thousand to -568 parts per thousand; 2470 to 6680 years) and HMW DOC (delta C-13 of similar to-21 parts per thousand and Delta C-14 of -24 parts per thousand to -294 parts per thousand; 135-2700 years). Our analyses suggest that a large fraction of DOC may be derived from allochthonous sources such as terrestrial and hydrothermal DOC and cycle on much longer time scales of > 10000 years or enter the ocean as preaged carbon.},
	keywords = {ATLANTIC BIGHT, BLACK CARBON, C-14, HUMIC SUBSTANCES, MATTER, NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN, RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS, SARGASSO SEA, SEAWATER, SPECTROMETRY},
	doi = {10.1002/2016GL071348},
	author = {Zigah, Prosper K. and McNichol, Ann P. and Xu, Li and Johnson, Carl and Santinelli, Chiara and Karl, David M. and Repeta, Daniel J.}
}
@article {2818,
	title = {Analysis of piston cores and high-resolution sub-bottom profiler data, Baffin Bay slope, Nunavut},
	year = {2017},
	abstract = {Preface This Open File report summarizes a set of 20 piston cores, up to 822 cm long, taken from the continental slope of Baffin Bay, Canada, in water depths between 833 and 1715 m. It provides down-core lithostratigraphy, physical properties measurements, core photography and core X-radiography, in addition to high-resolution seismic data over most core sites, selected grain size data and portable X-ray fluorescence data. Preliminary along-slope correlation between cores and AMS radiocarbon ages are also provided. Further information on these cores is available through the Expedition Database at http://ed.gdr.nrcan.gc.ca/index_e.php Acknowledgments We thank Dan Meagher, Jesse Sherwin and Meaghan MacQuarrie for assistance with core processing and core logging and Jessica Parkinson and Simon Poirier for core data compilation. Owen Brown completed grain size analyses and Linda Fan assisted with these analyses and plotted the grain size data.We also thank Kate Jarrett for assistance with core subsampling.},
	doi = {10.4095/300835},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333259233_Analysis_of_piston_cores_and_high-resolution_sub-bottom_profiler_data_Baffin_Bay_slope_Nunavut},
	author = {Campbell, D C and Jenner, K A and Higgins, J and Piper, D J W}
}
@article { ISI:000395088600004,
	title = {Anthropogenic CO2 accumulation and uptake rates in the Pacific Ocean based on changes in the C-13/C-12 of dissolved inorganic carbon},
	journal = {GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES},
	volume = {31},
	number = {{1}},
	year = {2017},
	month = {JAN},
	pages = {59-80},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The anthropogenic CO2 accumulation rate for the Pacific Ocean was estimated from the decrease in C-13 of the dissolved inorganic carbon measured on six World Ocean Circulation Experiment cruises during the 1990s and repeated during Climate Variability and Predictability in the 2000s. A mean depth-integrated anthropogenic C-13 change of -8320mdecade(-1) was estimated for the basin by using the multiple linear regression approach. The largest anthropogenic C-13 decreases occurred between 40 degrees S and 60 degrees S, whereas the smallest decreases occurred in the Southern Ocean and subpolar North Pacific. A mean anthropogenic CO2 accumulation rate of 0.410.13molCm(-2)yr(-1) (0.820.26PgCyr(-1)) was determined based on observed C-13 changes and is in agreement with previous observation- and model-based estimates. The mean dissolved inorganic carbon DIC13 inventory change of -178 +/- 43 parts per thousand molm(-2)decade(-1) was primarily the result of air-sea CO2 exchange acting on the measured air-sea C-13 disequilibrium of similar to-1.2 +/- 0.1 parts per thousand. Regional differences between the DIC13 inventory change and air-sea (CO2)-C-13 flux yielded net anthropogenic CO2 uptake rates (independent of pCO(2)) that ranged from similar to 0 to 1molm(-2)yr(-1) and basin-wide mean of 1.2 +/- 1.5PgCyr(-1). High rates of surface ocean DIC increase and C-13 decrease observed in the Drake Passage (53 degrees S-60 degrees S) support above average anthropogenic CO2 accumulation since 2005. Observed C-13 changes in the Pacific Ocean indicate that ocean transport significantly impacted the anthropogenic CO2 distribution and illustrate the utility of C-13 as a tracer to unravel the processes controlling the present and future accumulation of anth ropogenic CO2 in the ocean.},
	keywords = {anthropogenic change, C-12, C-13, CO2, Pacific Ocean},
	issn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1002/2016GB005460},
	author = {Quay, P. and Sonnerup, R. and Munro, D. and Sweeney, C.}
}
@article {1093,
	title = {Assessing the Blank Carbon Contribution, Isotope Mass Balance, and Kinetic Isotope Fractionation of the Ramped Pyrolysis/Oxidation Instrument at NOSAMS},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {59223{\textendash}22493970409},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-02-2017},
	pages = {179 - 193},
	abstract = {We estimate the blank carbon mass over the course of a typical Ramped PyrOx (RPO) analysis (150-1000 degrees C; 5 degrees C x min(-1)) to be (3.7 +/- 0.6) mu g C with an Fm value of 0.555 +/- 0.042 and a delta C-13 value of (-29.0 +/- 0.1)parts per thousand VPDB. Additionally, we provide equations for RPO Fm and delta C-13 blank corrections, including associated error propagation. By comparing RPO mass-weighted mean and independently measured bulk delta C-13 values for a compilation of environmental samples and standard reference materials (SRMs), we observe a small yet consistent delta C-13 depletion within the RPO instrument (mean-bulk: mu = -0.8 parts per thousand; +/- 1 sigma = 0.9 parts per thousand; n = 66). In contrast, because they are fractionation-corrected by definition, mass-weighted mean Fm values accurately match bulk measurements (mean-bulk: mu = 0.005; +/- 1 sigma = 0.014; n = 36). Lastly, we show there exists no significant intra-sample delta C-13 variability across carbonate SRM peaks, indicating minimal mass-dependent kinetic isotope fractionation during RPO analysis. These data are best explained by a difference in activation energy between C-13- and C-12-containing compounds ((13-12)Delta E) of 0.3-1.8 J x mol(-1), indicating that blank and mass-balance corrected RPO delta C-13 values accurately retain carbon source isotope signals to within 1-2 parts per thousand.},
	keywords = {Ramped PyrOx; blank assessment; kinetic fractionation},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2017.3},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822217000030/type/journal_article},
	author = {Hemingway, Jordon D and Galy, Valier V and Gagnon, Alan R and Grant, Katherine E and Rosengard, Sarah Z and Soulet, Guillaume and Zigah, Prosper K and McNichol, Ann P}
}
@article {2609,
	title = {ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC EUTROPHICATION ON MARINE BIVALVE LIFE HISTORY IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO},
	journal = {PALAIOS},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Feb-11-2018},
	pages = {678 - 688},
	abstract = {Natural and anthropogenic eutrophication can increase food supply to basal consumers in aquatic food webs. All else being equal, increased food supply is expected to relax life history trade-offs between egg size and number, resulting in a reduction in egg size over time as individuals that produce more numerous, small eggs exhibit greater fitness. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the sizes of larval shells (PI) of the marine bivalve Nuculana acuta in living and death assemblages collected from surficial seafloor sediments on the Alabama continental shelf; PI size is positively correlated with egg size and can be measured from adult shells. We found that the mean PI size of living N. acuta was approximately three microns smaller than that of the associated death assemblage and that this difference was robust to potential taphonomic biases. This life history shift occurred relatively recently as no trend exists in PI size over the past 3100 years. The live-dead disagreement that we observed is consistent with the history of anthropogenic eutrophication in the Mississippi Bight. These data provide a baseline for comparison with other regions in the Gulf of Mexico that have more sustained histories of anthropogenic eutrophication. More broadly, live-dead comparisons of molluscan life history coupled with age dating of molluscan shells can complement community-level metrics when assessing the impacts of anthropogenic eutrophication on coastal ecosystems, and offer a unique study system for investigating life history adaptation in a field context.},
	issn = {0883-1351},
	doi = {10.2110/palo.2017.033},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/palaios/article-lookup?doi=10.2110/palo.2017.033http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/palaios/sepm/palaios/article-pdf/32/11/678/3994556/i0883-1351-32-11-678.pdf},
	author = {HARNIK, PAUL G. and TORSTENSON, MORGAN L. and WILLIAMS, MARIO A.}
}
@article { ISI:000372268700005,
	title = {Abandoned channel fill sequences in the tidal estuary of a small mountainous, dry-summer river},
	journal = {SEDIMENTOLOGY},
	volume = {63},
	number = {{1}},
	year = {2016},
	month = {JAN},
	pages = {176-206},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {{This study proposes a modification of the current model for abandoned channel fill stratigraphy produced in unidirectional flow river reaches to incorporate seasonal tidal deposition. Evidence supporting this concept came from a study of two consecutive channel abandonment sequences in Ropers Slough of the lower Eel River Estuary in northern California. Aerial photographs showed that Ropers Slough was abandoned around 1943, reoccupied after the 1964 flood, and abandoned again in 1974 with fill continuing to the present. Planform geomorphic characteristics derived from these images were used in conjunction with sub-centimetre resolution stratigraphic analyses to describe depositional processes and their resultant sedimentary deposits. Both abandonment sequences recorded quasi-annual scale fluvial/tidal deposition couplets. In both cases, tidal deposits contained very little sand, were higher in organic and inorganic carbon content than the sandier, fluvially dominated deposits, and possessed millimetre-scale horizontal laminations. The two abandonment fills differed significantly in terms of the temporal progression of channel narrowing and fluvial sediment deposition characteristics. Aerial photographic analysis showed that the first abandonment sequence led to a more rapid narrowing of Ropers Slough and produced deposits with a positive relationship between grain size/deposit thickness and discharge. The second abandonment resulted in a much slower narrowing of Ropers Slough and generally thinner fluvial deposits with no clear relationship between grain size/deposit thickness and discharge. The delta C-13 values and organic nitrogen to organic carbon ratios of deposits from the first phase overlapped with Eel River suspended sediment characteristics found for low flows (one to five times mean discharge), while those of the second phase were consistent with suspended sediment from higher flows (seven to ten times mean discharge). When considered together, the results indicate that the early fill sequence recorded a reach experiencing regular fluvial deposition through flow conditions during the wet season, while the latter fill sequence records a reach more disconnected from the main stem in terms of flow and sediment. The major factor affecting the difference in sedimentation between the two fill periods appears to have been the morphology of the upstream river bend in relation to the position of the bifurcation node. During the first fill period, the upstream entrance to Ropers Slough seems to have remained open, in part due to the placement of its entrance on the outside of the mainstem river bend, and despite stronger tidal effects caused by a larger tidal prism and closer proximity to the tidal inlet. By the second fill sequence, the upstream bend morphology had altered, placing the entrance to Ropers Slough on the inner bank of the mainstem bend, which resulted in more rapid plug bar formation. The role of tidal effects in the geomorphic trajectory of the two abandonment sequences is unclear, but appears to have been less important than local bifurcation geometry.}},
	keywords = {Abandoned channels, Geomorphology, grain-size analysis, organic carbon, stratigraphy, tidal estuaries},
	issn = {0037-0746},
	doi = {10.1111/sed.12223},
	author = {Gray, Andrew B. and Pasternack, Gregory B. and Watson, Elizabeth B. and Goni, Miguel A.}
}
@article {Peterson20161,
	title = {Accommodation space controls on incised-valley sediment accumulation rates during the Holocene marine transgression (0{\textendash}11 ka) in Grays Harbor, a large meso-tidal estuary, Washington, \{USA\}},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {380},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {1 - 16},
	abstract = {Abstract Holocene deposits (0{\textendash}11 ka) that were drill cored (275 samples from 17 sites) in the meso-tidal Grays Harbor estuary were analyzed for 1) sediment texture and source components and 2) calibrated radiocarbon age. These data were used with basin 10 m-contour interval volumes to establish relations between rates of increasing basin accommodation space and sediment volume accumulation. Rates of increasing accommodation space (0.3{\textendash}2.1 {\texttimes} 106 m3 yr- 1) are based on interval volumes and a sea level curve (0{\textendash}11.5 ka) for the Grays Harbor basin. Total sediment accumulation rates (0.41{\textendash}1.4 {\texttimes} 106 m3 yr- 1) are computed for the same 10 m-depth intervals (0{\textendash}60 m depth MSL) and corresponding 10 m-interval sedimentation durations (0.7{\textendash}5.0 {\texttimes} 103 ka) from a sediment level curve. The rates of basin increasing accommodation space and total sediment accumulation are positively correlated (R2 = 0.81), but sediment accumulation lagged behind increasing accommodation space (23{\textendash}37\%) during early- and middle-Holocene time (7{\textendash}10 ka). Slowing rates of sea level rise after 8 ka, permitted combined river and littoral inputs of sediment to reduce basin subtidal water depths (~ 10 m) to intertidal water depths (~ 1 m). The ratios between sand and mud components in the analyzed Holocene deposits are negatively correlated to basin water depth. Shallowing tidal flats promoted the export of river mud out of the estuary and the import of littoral sand into the central estuary areas. Variable rates of increasing basin accommodation space 1) directly controlled the total sediment accumulation rate in the evolving basin and 2) indirectly controlled the relative proportions of mud and littoral sand accumulation, due to changing water depths in the basin. The late-Holocene accumulation of littoral sand (52\% of total sediment volume) is used to compute the net littoral sand sink (~ 100 {\texttimes} 106 m3) in the Grays Harbor basin from a potential 1.0 m rise of future sea level following predicted global warming. The contribution of littoral sand from adjacent barrier sand spits (20 km in length) to fill the increasing accommodation space in the Grays Harbor estuary could result in 0.5{\textendash}1.0 km of shoreline retreat following a 1.0 m rise in sea level.},
	keywords = {Littoral sand sink},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.06.012},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322716301268},
	author = {Curt D. Peterson and James B. Phipps}
}
@article {Quintela2016123,
	title = {The AD 1755 tsunami deposits onshore and offshore of Algarve (south Portugal): Sediment transport interpretations based on the study of Foraminifera assemblages},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {408, Part A},
	year = {2016},
	note = {QuicklakeH Special Issue: Rapidly changing large lakes and human response},
	pages = {123 - 138},
	abstract = {Abstract Tsunamis are amongst the most catastrophic natural hazards affecting worldwide coastal areas. Their impacts are recorded in the geological archives and its study provides crucial insights into the dynamics and intensity of these events. The accurate establishment of return periods can also be derived using sedimentological data. Onshore tsunami deposits have been extensively described over recent years through the application of a wide range of sedimentological proxies, including micropalaeontological analysis. In this work, the identification of palaeotsunami evidence, in both the onshore and offshore sedimentary record of south Portugal, was performed, relying mostly on the study of Foraminifera assemblages. Three onshore trenches and one offshore core were analyzed and imprints of the \{AD\} 1755 tsunami were observed based in the identification of allochthonous foraminiferal species, increase in the number of broken/abraded tests and its correlation with coarser mean grain size. This was possible after micropalaeontological environmental characterization of both low-energy onshore and offshore present-day sedimentation regimes. In the onshore record, three distinct sediment transport phases were differentiated within the tsunamigenic unit. The basal phase portraying the initial inundation represented by the dominance of marine Foraminifera species in a highly diverse assemblage. The higher energetic character of this phase was also reflected in the identification of the highest number of broken/abraded tests. The intermediate phase reflects an unspecified number of inundation and backwash pulses that were recognized based in the well-balanced presence of estuarine (brackish) and marine species, the sharp decrease in the diversity index and in the number of broken/abraded tests. The final phase recorded in the tsunamigenic unit registers the imprint of the last relevant backwash which was identified based on the dominance of estuarine (brackish) fauna. The overlying unit is dominated by tidal marsh species, demonstrating the start of the coastal system recovery phase. In the offshore record, it was possible to identify 2 distinct historical tsunami events (AD 1755 and \{AD\} 1969). This was achieved through the identification of significant increases in coastal Foraminifera species coupled with the presence of coarser layers. This interpretation was sustained by indirect age-estimation methods (radiocarbon and 210Pb) that ascribed compatible ages to the historical tsunami events. The results obtained in this study stress the relevance and innovative character of this onshore and offshore multiproxy approach in the recognition and understanding of tsunami events.},
	keywords = {Portugal},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.12.029},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618215014159},
	author = {Maria Quintela and Pedro J.M. Costa and Francisco Fatela and Teresa Drago and Natalia Hoska and C{\'e}sar Andrade and Maria C. Freitas}
}
@article {2576,
	title = {Age and growth of bluespine unicornfish (Naso unicornis): a half-century life-span for a keystone browser, with a novel approach to bomb radiocarbon dating in the Hawaiian Islands},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-10-2016},
	pages = {1575 - 1586},
	abstract = {Bluespine unicornfish (Naso unicornis) from Hawaii were aged to >50 years using cross-sectioned sagittal otoliths. Fish length was a poor indicator of age because of rapid and variable early growth, exemplified by fish aged to be 4 years near maximum length. Growth was deterministic with adult ages decoupled from body length. Otolith mass and thickness were evaluated as proxies for age and both were encouraging; thickness explained more variance but mass was easier to measure. An age estimation protocol was validated through ontogeny using bomb radiocarbon (14C) dating. Use of the postbomb 14C decline period from a regional reference chronology enabled age validation of young fish {\textemdash} a novel approach for the Pacific Ocean. A probabilistic procedure for assigning bomb 14C dates (CALIBomb) was used for the first time to determine fish birth years. The age-reading protocol was generally validated, and it was possible to describe length-at-age despite difficulties in counting otolith annuli beyond 30{\textendash}40 years. Growth curves differed between the sexes, and a four-parameter generalized von Bertalanffy growth function provided the best fit.},
	issn = {0706-652X},
	doi = {10.1139/cjfas-2016-0019},
	url = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0019},
	author = {Andrews, A.H. and DeMartini, Edward E. and Eble, Jeff A. and Taylor, Brett M. and Lou, Dong Chun and Humphreys, Robert L.}
}
@article {2539,
	title = {Age of the Mt.~Ortles ice cores, the Tyrolean Iceman and glaciation of the highest summit of South Tyrol since the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum},
	journal = {The Cryosphere},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-01-2016},
	pages = {2779 - 2797},
	abstract = {In  2011  four  ice  cores  were  extracted  from  the summit of Alto dell{\textquoteright}Ortles (3859 m), the highest glacier of South  Tyrol  in  the  Italian  Alps.  This  drilling  site  is  located only 37 km southwest from where the Tyrolean Iceman, \~{}5.3 kyrs old, was discovered emerging from the ablating ice field of Tisenjoch (3210 m, near the Italian{\textendash}Austrian border) in 1991. The excellent preservation of this mummy suggested that the Tyrolean Iceman was continuously embedded in prehistoric ice and that additional ancient ice was likely
preserved elsewhere in South Tyrol. Dating of the ice cores from Alto dell{\textquoteright}Ortles based on 210Pb, tritium, beta activity and 14C determinations, combined with an empirical model (COPRA), provides evidence for a chronologically ordered ice  stratigraphy  from  the  modern  glacier  surface  down  to the  bottom  ice  layers  with  an  age  of \~{}7 kyrs,  which  confirms  the  hypothesis.  Our  results  indicate  that  the  drilling site has continuously been glaciated on frozen bedrock since \~{}7 kyrs BP. Absence of older ice on the highest glacier of South Tyrol is consistent with the removal of basal ice from bedrock during the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum (6{\textendash}9 kyrs BP),  the  warmest  interval  in  the  European  Alps during the Holocene. Borehole inclinometric measurements of  the  current  glacier  flow  combined  with  surface  ground penetration radar (GPR) measurements indicate that, due to the sustained atmospheric warming since the 1980s, an acceleration of the glacier Alto dell{\textquoteright}Ortles flow has just recently begun.  Given  the  stratigraphic chronological  continuity  of the Mt. Ortles cores over millennia, it can be argued that this behaviour has been unprecedented at this location since the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Optimum.},
	doi = {10.5194/tc-10-2779-2016},
	url = {http://www.the-cryosphere.net/10/2779/2016/tc-10-2779-2016.pdf},
	author = {Gabrielli, Paolo and Barbante, Carlo and Bertagna, Giuliano and {\'o}, Michele and Binder, Daniel and Carton, Alberto and Carturan, Luca and Cazorzi, Federico and Cozzi, Giulio and Dalla Fontana, Giancarlo and Davis, Mary and De Blasi, Fabrizio and Dinale, Roberto and {\`a}, Gianfranco and Dreossi, Giuliano and Festi, Daniela and Frezzotti, Massimo and Gabrieli, Jacopo and Galos, Stephan P. and Ginot, Patrick and Heidenwolf, Petra and Jenk, Theo M. and Kehrwald, Natalie and Kenny, Donald and Magand, Olivier and Mair, Volkmar and Mikhalenko, Vladimir and Lin, Ping Nan and Oeggl, Klaus and Piffer, Gianni and Rinaldi, Mirko and Schotterer, Ulrich and Schwikowski, Margit and Seppi, Roberto and Spolaor, Andrea and Stenni, Barbara and Tonidandel, David and Uglietti, Chiara and Zagorodnov, Victor and Zanoner, Thomas and Zennaro, Piero}
}
@article {1094,
	title = {AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Large Za Baobabs (Adansonia za) of Madagascar.},
	journal = {PLoS One},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016},
	pages = {e0146977},
	abstract = {<p>The article reports the radiocarbon investigation of Anzapalivoro, the largest za baobab (Adansonia za) specimen of Madagascar and of another za, namely the Big cistern baobab. Several wood samples collected from the large inner cavity and from the outer part/exterior of the tree were investigated by AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon dating. For samples collected from the cavity walls, the age values increase with the distance into the wood up to a point of maximum age, after which the values decrease toward the outer part. This anomaly of age sequences indicates that the inner cavity of Anzapalivoro is a false cavity, practically an empty space between several fused stems disposed in a ring-shaped structure. The radiocarbon date of the oldest sample was 780 {\textpm} 30 bp, which corresponds to a calibrated age of around 735 yr. Dating results indicate that Anzapalivoro has a closed ring-shaped structure, which consists of 5 fused stems that close a false cavity. The oldest part of the biggest za baobab has a calculated age of 900 years. We also disclose results of the investigation of a second za baobab, the Big cistern baobab, which was hollowed out for water storage. This specimen, which consists of 4 fused stems, was found to be around 260 years old.</p>},
	keywords = {Adansonia, Calibration, Ecology, Forests, Geography, Madagascar, Mass Spectrometry, Radiometric Dating, Time Factors, Trees, Wood},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0146977},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Patrut, Roxana T and Danthu, Pascal and Leong Pock-Tsy, Jean-Michel and Rakosy, Laszlo and Lowy, Daniel A and von Reden, Karl F}
}
@article {Hesse201644,
	title = {Anatomy of Labrador Sea Heinrich layers},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {380},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {44 - 66},
	abstract = {Abstract Heinrich layers (H-layers) are distinct, decimetre to centimetre thick layers of ice-rafted debris (IRD) that were deposited in the North Atlantic during the Late and middle Pleistocene. H-layers (H-layers) are characterized by high detrital carbonate and low foraminifera contents. In the Labrador Sea, H-layers reach metre thickness in some proximal core sites near the iceberg source of the Hudson Strait ice stream and show five distinct depositional facies involving sediment lofting and low-density turbidity currents as sediment delivery processes besides ice rafting. Thick massive ice-rafted layers (type I H-layers) occur in the most proximal parts of H-layer 3 and older H-layers. Within 300 km distance from the assumed Hudson Strait ice stream terminus, H-layers somewhat more distal than type I H-layers consist predominantly of stacked thin layers of graded muds containing {\.I}RD\} (type {\.I}I\} H-layers). The graded muds that are spiked with {\.I}RD\} resulted from the deposition of fine-grained lofted sediment that collected dropstones and grains under the iceberg route. At greater distance from the Hudson Strait outlet on the slope and rise south of the strait, H-layers on the levees of tributary canyons to the Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel (NAMOC) consist of alternations of thin mud turbidites with intercalated laminae of {\.I}RD\} (type {\.I}II\} H-layers). On the levees of NAMOC, type {\.I}V\} H-layers consist of layers of {\.I}RD\} alternating with fewer fine-grained spill-over turbidites, because the spill-over frequency from the deep channel was less than that from the less deep canyons on the slope. Type V is made up of bioturbated hemipelagic muds with coarser {\.I}RD\} and occurs in regions between canyons not reached by spill-over turbidity currents and in distal regions of the open ocean or on seamounts. Transport of significant portions of the sediment in H-layers by suspended sediment columns lofted from sand-carrying fresh-water turbidity currents (type II) and by low-density turbidity currents (types {\.I}II\} and IV) explains the high percentage of detrital carbonate in the fine (\&lt; 63 μm) grain-size fractions (\&gt; 80\% of the total detrital carbonate of the bulk sediment), which cannot be derived from icebergs alone. It also explains the low magnetic susceptibility and low grey levels on the colour scale compared to H-layers in the North Atlantic east of Greenland. The anomalously great thickness of individual H-layers on the slope and rise off the Hudson Strait as documented in isopach maps reflects the combined effect of the various processes involved in their deposition. Four hypotheses for the origin of H-events are discussed {\textemdash} (i) the binge{\textendash}purge model, (ii) the subglacial outburst{\textendash}flow model, (iii) the external forcing model, and (iv) the catastrophic ice-shelf break-up model},
	keywords = {Ice-proximal environments},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2016.05.019},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002532271630113X},
	author = {Reinhard Hesse and Saeed Khodabakhsh}
}
@article {1280,
	title = {Arctic Deltaic Lake Sediments As Recorders of Fluvial Organic Matter Deposition},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016},
	pages = {77},
	abstract = {Arctic deltas are dynamic and vulnerable regions that play a key role in land-ocean interactions and the global carbon cycle. Delta lakes may provide valuable historical records of the quality and quantity of fluvial fluxes, parameters that are challenging to investigate in these remote regions. Here we study lakes from across the Mackenzie Delta, Arctic Canada, that receive fluvial sediments from the Mackenzie River when spring flood water levels rise above natural levees. We compare downcore lake sediments with suspended sediments collected during the spring flood, using bulk (\% organic carbon, \% total nitrogen, 13C, 14C) and molecular organic geochemistry (lignin, leaf waxes). High-resolution age models (137Cs, 210Pb) of downcore lake sediment records (n=11) along with lamina counting on high-resolution radiographs show sediment deposition frequencies ranging between annually to every 15 years. Down-core geochemical variability in a representative delta lake sediment core is consistent with historical variability in spring flood hydrology (variability in peak discharge, ice jamming, peak water levels). Comparison with earlier published Mackenzie River depth profiles shows that (i) lake sediments reflect the riverine surface suspended load, and (ii) hydrodynamic sorting patterns related to spring flood characteristics are reflected in the lake sediments. Bulk and molecular geochemistry of suspended particulate matter from the spring flood peak and lake sediments are relatively similar showing a mixture of modern higher-plant derived material, older terrestrial permafrost material, and old rock-derived material. This suggests that deltaic lake sedimentary records hold great promise as recorders of past (century-scale) riverine fluxes and may prove instrumental in shedding light on past behaviour of arctic rivers, as well as how they respond to a changing climate.},
	isbn = {2296-6463},
	doi = {10.3389/feart.2016.00077},
	url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2016.00077},
	author = {Vonk, Jorien E. and Dickens, Angela F. and Giosan, Liviu and Hussain, Zainab A. and Kim, Bokyung and Zipper, Samuel C. and Holmes, Robert M. and Montlu{\c c}on, Daniel B. and Galy, Valier and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {2589,
	title = {Accretion history of mid-Holocene coral reefs from the southeast Florida continental reef tract, USA},
	journal = {Coral Reefs},
	volume = {34872624292351278520242597237061293327511611519362751494811122751520228638172349513073526222412724},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-03-2015},
	pages = {173 - 187},
	abstract = {Sixteen  new  coral  reef  cores  were  collected  to better  understand  the accretion  history  and  composition of submerged relict reefs offshore of continental southeast (SE) Florida. Coral radiometric ages from three sites on the shallow inner reef indicate accretion initiated by 8,050 Cal BP and terminated by 5,640 Cal BP. The reef accreted up to 3.75 m of vertical   framework   with   accretion   rates   that   averaged 2.53 m kyr-1. The reef was composed of a nearly even mixture of Acropora palmata and massive corals. In many cases, cores show an upward transition from massives to A. palmata and may indicate local dominance by this species prior to reef demise. Quantitative macroscopic analyses of reef clasts for various taphonomic and diagenetic features did not correlate well with depth/environmental-related trends established in other studies. The mixed coral framestone reef lacks a classical  Caribbean  reef  zonation  and  is  best  described  as  an immature reef and/or a series of fused patch reefs; a pattern that is evident in both cores and reef morphology. This is in stark contrast to the older and deeper outer reef of the SE Florida continental reef tract. Accretion of the outer reef lasted from 10,695{\textendash}8,000 Cal BP and resulted in a larger and better developed structure that achieved a distinct reef zonation. The discrepancies in overall reef morphology and size as well as the causes of reef terminations remain elusive without further study, yet they likely point to different climatic/environmental conditions during their respective accretion histories.},
	keywords = {Backstepping, Holocene, Reef accretion, Relict reef, SE Florida continental reef tract},
	issn = {0722-4028},
	doi = {10.1007/s00338-014-1233-3},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00338-014-1233-3http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00338-014-1233-3},
	author = {Stathakopoulos, A. and Riegl, B. M.}
}
@article {19,
	title = {African Baobabs with False Inner Cavities: The Radiocarbon Investigation of the Lebombo Eco Trail Baobab},
	journal = {PLoS One},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2015},
	note = {PT: J; TC: 0; UT: WOS:000348470400021},
	pages = {e0117193-e0117193},
	abstract = {The article reports the radiocarbon investigation results of the Lebombo Eco Trail tree, a representative African baobab from Mozambique. Several wood samples collected from the large inner cavity and from the outer part of the tree were investigated by AMS radiocarbon dating. According to dating results, the age values of all samples increase from the sampling point with the distance into the wood. For samples collected from the cavity walls, the increase of age values with the distance into the wood (up to a point of maximum age) represents a major anomaly. The only realistic explanation for this anomaly is that such inner cavities are, in fact, natural empty spaces between several fused stems disposed in a ring-shaped structure. We named them false cavities. Several important differences between normal cavities and false cavities are presented. Eventually, we dated other African baobabs with false inner cavities. We found that this new architecture enables baobabs to reach large sizes and old ages. The radiocarbon date of the oldest sample was 1425 +/- 24 BP, which corresponds to a calibrated age of 1355 +/- 15 yr. The dating results also show that the Lebombo baobab consists of five fused stems, with ages between 900 and 1400 years; these five stems build the complete ring. The ring and the false cavity closed 800-900 years ago. The results also indicate that the stems stopped growing toward the false cavity over the past 500 years.},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0117193},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and Woodborne, Stephan and von Reden, Karl F. and Hall, Grant and Hofmeyr, Michele and Lowy, Daniel A. and Patrut, Roxana T.}
}
@article {549,
	title = {AMS radiocarbon dating of very large Grandidier{\textquoteright}s baobabs (Adansonia grandidieri)},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {361},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Cu2hzTimes Cited:2Cited References Count:20},
	month = {Oct 15},
	pages = {591-598},
	abstract = {The article reports the AMS radiocarbon investigation of the two largest known Adansonia grandidieri specimens. The two baobabs, which are named Tsitakakoike and Pregnant baobab, are located in Southwestern Madagascar, near Andombiro. A third specimen from this area, the House baobab, was also investigated. According to measurements, Tsitakakoike is the biggest individual above ground level of all Adansonia species. The House baobab was selected for its exposed structure, which is identical to the closed ring-shaped structure with false cavities identified by us in large and old Adansonia digitata specimens. According to our research, Tsitakakoike and the Pregnant baobab have multi-stemmed cylindrical trunks which are mainly hollow; the two very large baobabs also possess a ring-shaped structure. The radiocarbon dates of the oldest wood samples collected from the large trunks were 1274 {\textpm} 20 bp for Tsitakakoike and 930 {\textpm} 20 bp for the Pregnant baobab. According to their original positions and to the architectures of the two A. grandidieri, the ages of Tsitakakoike and Pregnant baobab would be between 1300 and 1500 years. Therefore, A. grandidieri becomes the third Adansonia species with individuals that can live over 1000 years, according to accurate dating results.},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2015.04.044},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and von Reden, Karl F. and Danthu, Pascal and Leong Pock-Tsy, Jean-Michel and Rakosy, Laszlo and Patrut, Roxana T. and Lowy, Daniel A. and Margineanu, Dragos}
}
@article { ISI:000366502600005,
	title = {Analysis of bomb radiocarbon data for common thresher sharks, Alopias vulpinus, in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean with revised growth curves},
	journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES},
	volume = {99},
	number = {{1}},
	year = {2015},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {39-47},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Bomb radiocarbon dating was used to determine the periodicity of band pair formation in the vertebral centra of three common thresher sharks (Alopias vulpinus). The traditional interpretation of band pairs were accurate (i.e. annual) up to approximately 14 years of age. In older individuals, band pair counts underestimated age. A new maximum validated age was estimated to be 38 years (an increase of 18 years over the band count estimates). Previously reported length at age estimates for common thresher sharks up to 14 years were used in conjunction with the two older validated estimates to develop a revised growth curve for the species, which was described using the Schnute general model (sexes combined). Updated estimates of age at maturity remained the same for males (8 years) and increased by one year to 13 years for females. The primary finding was the increase in longevity for this species from a band pair count estimate of 24 years to a bomb radiocarbon validated estimate of 38 years, indicating this species lives much longer than previously thought.},
	keywords = {Age, Carbon-14, Centra, Elasmobranchs, Vertebral column},
	issn = {0378-1909},
	doi = {10.1007/s10641-015-0452-y},
	author = {Natanson, Lisa J. and Hamady, Li Ling and Gervelis, Brian J.}
}
@article {2582,
	title = {Ancient population genomics and the study of evolution},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
	volume = {370,},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jul-01-2016},
	abstract = {Recently, the study of ancient DNA (aDNA) has been greatly enhanced by the development of second-generation DNA sequencing technologies and targeted enrichment strategies. These developments have allowed the recovery of several complete ancient genomes, a result that would have been considered virtually impossible only a decade ago. Prior to these developments, aDNA research was largely focused on the recovery of short DNA sequences and their use in the study of phylogenetic relationships, molecular rates, species identification and population structure. However, it is now possible to sequence a large number of modern and ancient complete genomes from a single species and thereby study the genomic patterns of evolutionary change over time. Such a study would herald the beginnings of ancient population genomics and its use in the study of evolution. Species that are amenable to such large-scale studies warrant increased research effort. We report here progress on a population genomic study of the Ad{\'e}lie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae). This species is ideally suited to ancient population genomic research because both modern and ancient samples are abundant in the permafrost conditions of Antarctica. This species will enable us to directly address many of the fundamental questions in ecology and evolution.},
	issn = {0962-8436},
	doi = {10.1098/rstb.2013.0381},
	url = {http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/doi/10.1098/rstb.2013.0381},
	author = {Parks, M. and Subramanian, S. and Baroni, C. and Salvatore, M. C. and Zhang, G. and Millar, C. D. and Lambert, D. M.}
}
@article {2562,
	title = {Applications and limitations of U{\textendash}Th disequilibria systematics for determining ages of carbonate alteration minerals in peridotite},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {412},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-09-2015},
	pages = {151 - 166},
	abstract = {238U{\textendash}234U{\textendash}230Th dating was conducted on carbonate alteration minerals in the peridotite layer of the Samail Ophiolite, Sultanate of Oman, in order to assess the applicability of U-series dating techniques to these types of Quaternary terrestrial carbonates and also to further constrain natural rates of carbonation of the peridotite. Due to their low U concentrations and relatively high Th/U ratios, Samail carbonates are challenging to date with the 230Th technique because of the sensitivity of ages to corrections for initial 230Th. Uncorrected 230Th ages for Ca-rich travertines are consistently older than previously obtained 14C ages. However, geologically reasonable initial 230Th corrections bring the two sets of ages into concordance. This age concordance suggests that the travertines are generally closed systems, adding a level of credence to the reliability of previously obtained 14C ages. In contrast, uncorrected 230Th ages for Mg-rich carbonate veins are generally younger than previously obtained 14C ages. These young ages are interpreted in terms of remobilization of hexavalent U, which is subsequently deposited as tetravalent U by reduced serpentinization fluids. Two Mg-rich carbonate veins sampled at a roadcut have near-equilibrium (230Th/238U) and (234U/238U) values, which indicate that these veins are > 375,000 years in age, consistent with their {\textquotedblleft}14C dead{\textquotedblright} (> 50,000 years BP) ages. The variable young and old ages for these Mg-rich carbonate veins indicate that carbonation of the peridotite layer of the Samail Ophiolite is an ongoing process and that there have been multiple generations of subsurface carbonate vein formation. Overall, this study provides insights into some of the challenges associated with applying U-series dating methods to Quaternary terrestrial carbonates, in particular carbonate alteration minerals in peridotites, and highlights some areas where there is room for improvement, such as obtaining better constraints on the isotopic composition of admixed detritus, and also some advantages, such as the ability to identify open system behavior not apparent from 14C dating and stable C and O isotopic analysis alone. 

},
	issn = {00092541},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.07.023},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0009254115003435},
	author = {Mervine, Evelyn M. and Sims, Kenneth W.W. and Humphris, Susan E. and Kelemen, Peter B.}
}
@article {31,
	title = {Assessment of branched GDGTs as temperature proxies in sedimentary records from several small lakes in southwestern Greenland},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {33-41},
	abstract = {This study of five small (<3.0 ha) lakes in southwestern Greenland examines the veracity of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (br GDGTs) as a temperature proxy in lacustrine systems. The proximity (<5 km) of the lakes suggests that their temperature history, and thus their br GDGT records, should be similar. Distributions of br GDGTs in (i) surface sediments from all five lakes, (ii) 14C-dated sediment cores from two lakes (Upper and Lower EVV Lakes) and (iii) soil samples from the area surrounding the lakes were examined. The temporal records of br GDGT-based temperature for the two cores exhibited both similarities and major discrepancies. The differences between the paleotemperature records for the two lakes suggest that br GDGTs are not solely soil-derived, reflecting air temperature, but also indicate an additional br GDGT contribution from another source. Among the broader suite of lake sediments, there was a strong correlation (R2 0.987) between br GDGT-based surface sediment temperatures and measured summer bottom water temperatures for the four lakes with hypoxic/anoxic bottom waters, including Upper EVV Lake. The correlation suggests production of br GDGTs by anaerobic bacteria within the bottom water and/or sediment{\textendash}water interface, reflecting environmental temperature for the individual lakes and augmenting the uniform, soil-derived signal. Hence, assessment of br GDGTs in Greenland lake sediments provides evidence for their origin from anaerobic autochthonous bacteria and indicates that interpretation of lacustrine br GDGT-based paleotemperature records requires contextual knowledge of individual lake systems and potential source(s) of sedimentary br GDGTs.},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.02.005},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638015000388},
	author = {Colcord, Devon E. and Cadieux, Sarah B. and Brassell, Simon C. and Casta{\~n}eda, Isla S. and Pratt, Lisa M. and White, Jeffrey R.}
}
@article {52,
	title = {Ad{\'e}lie penguin dietary remains reveal Holocene environmental changes in the western Ross Sea (Antarctica)},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {395},
	year = {2014},
	note = {id: 2347},
	pages = {21-28},
	abstract = {Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses were performed on modern and Holocene Ad{\'e}lie penguin guano samples collected from ornithogenic soils along the Scott Coast (Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica), from Cape Irizar to Dunlop Island, and at Cape Bird (Ross Island). Guano samples also were sieved and sorted under stereomicroscope in order to select penguin dietary remains, such as fish bones and otoliths. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition, coupled with the taxonomic identification of fish otoliths from Scott Coast Holocene samples, indicated a mainly fish-based diet for this area, with Pleuragramma antarcticum as the most eaten prey throughout the investigated period (from 390 cal BP to ca 7300 cal BP). The isotopic values of Ross Island samples (from modern to 3850 cal BP) showed a krill consumption increase in the samples younger than 2000 cal BP, with the maximum in modern samples. Scott Coast and Ross Island Holocene samples showed δ13C and δ15N trends similar to those previously published from Terra Nova Bay (northern Victoria Land), whereas modern samples from Ross Island have similar δ15N composition but different δ13C values. This δ13C divergence started at ca 2000 BP and follows the abandonment of the Scott Coast colonies. The δ13C trend observed in Ross Island and Terra Nova Bay samples and the abandonment of the Scott Coast colonies could suggest the stability and the persistence of the previous oceanographic conditions (i.e. polynya) for the Terra Nova Bay area and the establishment of new conditions for water circulation in the Southern Ross Sea since ~ 2000 BP when persistent sea-ice sealed the Scott Coast.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.12.014},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018213005440},
	author = {Lorenzini, Sandra and Baroni, Carlo and Baneschi, Ilaria and Salvatore, Maria Cristina and Fallick, Anthony E. and Hall, Brenda L.}
}
@article {2543,
	title = {Advection and scavenging controls of Pa/Th in the northern NE Atlantic},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-06-2014},
	pages = {668 - 679},
	abstract = {Over the last 2 decades, significant advances have been made in reconstructing past rates of ocean circulation using sedimentary proxies for the dynamics of abyssal waters. In this study we combine the use of two rate proxies, sortable silt grain size, and sedimentary 231Pa/230Th, measured on a depth transect of deep-sea sediment cores from the northern NE Atlantic, to investigate ocean circulation changes during the last deglacial. We find that at two deep sites, the core-top 231Pa/230Th ratios reflect Holocene circulation rates, while during Heinrich Stadial 1, the deglacial ratios peaked as the sortable silt grain size decreased, reflecting a general circulation slowdown. However, the peak 231Pa/230Th significantly exceeded the production ratio in both cores, indicating that 231Pa/230Th was only partially controlled by ocean circulation at these sites. This is supported by a record of 231Pa/230Th from an intermediate water depth site, where values also peaked during Heinrich Stadial 1, but were consistently above the production ratio over the last 24 ka, reflecting high scavenging below productive surface waters. At our study sites, we find that preserved sediment component fluxes cannot be used to distinguish between a scavenging or circulation control, although they are consistent with a circulation influence, since the core at intermediate depth with the highest 231Pa/230Th recorded the lowest particle fluxes. Reconstruction of advection rate using 231Pa/230Th in this region is complicated by high productivity, but the data nevertheless contain important information on past deep ocean circulation.},
	doi = {10.1002/2014PA002633},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014PA002633},
	author = {Roberts, Natalie L. and McManus, Jerry F. and Piotrowski, Alexander M. and McCave, I. Nicholas}
}
@article {2635,
	title = {Age and growth of the giant sea bass, Stereolepis gigas},
	journal = {California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2014},
	month = {12},
	abstract = {In January 2010, a massive giant sea bass (500 lbs, 227 kg; near maximum reported size of 557 lbs, 253 kg) was captured off Santa Cruz Island by commercial gill-netters. This specimen presented a unique opportunity to estimate and validate of the potential longevity of the largest nearshore teleost of the northeastern Pacific. A transverse section of the sagittal otolith produced consistent counts of 62 opaque annuli along two different axes of the ventral sulcus region, translating into an estimated birth year of 1948. This age estimate was supported by measurements of radiocarbon (14 C) in the other sagittal otolith core (within the first year of growth), relative to D 14 C reference records used for bomb radiocarbon dating. Two otolith core samples produced D 14 C values that were classified as pre-bomb (prior to ,1958{\textendash}59), indicating a minimum lifespan of 51 years. It is likely that giant sea bass can live more than 60 or 70 years based on growth zone counts, but there is no evidence in the literature or this study to support longevity of 100 years.},
	keywords = {Age and growth, Carbon-14, lifespan, Longevity, Otolith, Polyprionidae, Stereolepis},
	doi = {10.3160/0038-3872-111.1.1 },
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236999608_Bomb_radiocarbon_dating_and_estimated_longevity_of_Giant_Sea_Bass_Stereolepis_gigas},
	author = {A. Hawk, Holly and Allen, Larry}
}
@article {2519,
	title = {Amino acid ratios in reworked marine bivalve shells constrain Greenland Ice Sheet history during the Holocene},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-01-2014},
	pages = {75 - 78},
	abstract = {Reconstructions of ice sheet fluctuations during the Holocene, which encompassed cooler and warmer conditions than those that are captured in the historic record, help to elucidate ice margin sensitivity to climate change. We used amino acid geochronology to constrain the history of the western Greenland Ice Sheet margin during intervals of relative warmth in the middle Holocene. We measured the extent of amino acid racemization in 251 ice sheet-reworked marine bivalve shells from three locations spanning western Greenland. A significant relationship between shell age and the ratio of aspartic acid (Asp) isomers (Asp D/L) was revealed using Bayesian model fitting on 20 radiocarbon-dated shell fragments. The range of Asp-inferred bivalve ages at each site corresponds well with independent records of early Holocene ice retreat and late Holocene ice advance. Furthermore, the frequency of Asp-inferred bivalve ages from the three widely separated locations is nearly identical, with most ages between 5 and 3 ka, coinciding with optimum oceanic conditions. Because ice margin changes in western Greenland are tightly linked with oceanographic conditions, the distribution of reworked bivalve ages provides important information about relative ice margin position during smaller-than-present ice sheet configurations. This approach adds a new chronometer to our toolkit for constraining smaller-than-present ice sheet configurations and may have wide applicability around Greenland. 

Amino acid ratios in reworked marine bivalve shells constrain Greenland Ice Sheet history during the Holocene. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270688646_Amino_acid_ratios_in_reworked_marine_bivalve_shells_constrain_Greenland_Ice_Sheet_history_during_the_Holocene [accessed Jun 5, 2017].},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G34843.1},
	url = {http://geology.gsapubs.org/cgi/doi/10.1130/G34843.1},
	author = {Briner, J. P. and Kaufman, D. S. and Bennike, O. and Kosnik, M. A.}
}
@article {111,
	title = {After the lava flow: The importance of external soil sources for plant colonization of recent lava flows in the central Oregon Cascades, USA},
	journal = {Geomorphology},
	volume = {202},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2321},
	pages = {15-32},
	abstract = {Effusive volcanic eruptions repave landscapes rapidly with lava flows, resetting broad areas of the underlying landscape and ecosystem. The unique physical properties of lava pose interesting challenges for ecologic recovery, as lava is dense, sterile, and generally inhospitable towards life. In this study we examine two sites of recent volcanism in the central Oregon Cascades, notable for the juxtaposition of barren exposed lava and mature forests on lava flows of the same or roughly the same age. We use a combination of LiDAR analyses, field observations, and soil characterization to examine soil and vegetation at these two sites, and find that the presence of an external sediment or soil source, particularly flood-borne deposits or syn- or post-eruptive tephra, greatly facilitates plant establishment, growth, and survival. The nature of the external sources of sediment or soil dictates the geographic extent of forests on these young lava flows: flood-borne deposits cover localized regions near river channels, while tephra can cover large regions. In general, our results suggest that external sources of soil provide a substrate for plants to grow in along with key nutrients and sufficient moisture retention. We conclude that external sources of soil source are key for the initial recovery following an effusive volcanic disturbance, in particular in temperate climates. Thus, unrelated geomorphic processes, such as past glaciations that provide local sources of mobile sediments, or concurrent volcanic processes, such as tephra production, dictate the presence or absence of forests on young lava flows.},
	issn = {0169-555X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.12.009},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X12005582},
	author = {Deligne, Natalia I. and Cashman, Katharine V. and Roering, Joshua J.}
}
@article {88,
	title = {AMS radiocarbon investigation of the African baobab: Searching for the oldest tree},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments \& Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {294},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2246; PT: J; CT: 12th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS); CY: MAR 20-25, 2011; CL: Wellington, NEW ZEALAND; TC: 0; UT: WOS:000313234300120},
	pages = {622-626},
	abstract = {The Glencoe baobab, a very large specimen from South Africa, split twice in 2009. Several wood samples were collected from the eastern cavity, from the outer part of the main section and also from the largest broken segment which was connected to this section. These wood samples were processed and investigated by AMS radiocarbon dating. The radiocarbon date of the oldest sample was found to be 1838 +/- 21 BP, which corresponds to a calibrated age of 1835 +/- 40 years. Thus, the Glencoe baobab becomes the oldest dated baobab and also the oldest angiosperm tree with accurate dating results. The distribution of dating results revealed that the Glencoe baobab is a multi-generation tree, with several standing or collapsed and partially fused stems, showing different ages. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2012.04.025},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and von Reden, Karl F. and Mayne, Diana H. and Lowy, Daniel A. and Patrut, Roxana T.}
}
@article {87,
	title = {Anatomy of the La Jolla Submarine Canyon system; offshore southern California},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {335},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2302},
	pages = {16-34},
	abstract = {An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) carrying a multibeam sonar and a chirp profiler was used to map sections of the seafloor within the La Jolla Canyon, offshore southern California, at sub-meter scales. Close-up observations and sampling were conducted during remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives. Minisparker seismic-reflection profiles from a surface ship help to define the overall geometry of the La Jolla Canyon especially with respect to the pre-canyon host sediments. The floor of the axial channel is covered with unconsolidated sand similar to the sand on the shelf near the canyon head, lacks outcrops of the pre-canyon host strata, has an almost constant slope of 1.0{\textdegree} and is covered with trains of crescent shaped bedforms. The presence of modern plant material entombed within these sands confirms that the axial channel is presently active. The sand on the canyon floor liquefied during vibracore collection and flowed downslope, illustrating that the sediment filling the channel can easily fail even on this gentle slope. Data from the canyon walls help constrain the age of the canyon and extent of incision. Horizontal beds of moderately cohesive fine-grained sediments exposed on the steep canyon walls are consistently less than 1.232 million years old. The lateral continuity of seismic reflectors in minisparker profiles indicate that pre-canyon host strata extend uninterrupted from outside the canyon underneath some terraces within the canyon. Evidence of abandoned channels and point bar-like deposits are noticeably absent on the inside bend of channel meanders and in the subsurface of the terraces. While vibracores from the surface of terraces contain thin (},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2012.10.003},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322712002150},
	author = {Paull, C. K. and Caress, D. W. and Lundsten, E. and Gwiazda, R. and Anderson, K. and McGann, M. and Conrad, J. and Edwards, B. and Sumner, E. J.}
}
@article { ISI:000319344100038,
	title = {Annually Resolved Ice Core Records of Tropical Climate Variability over the Past similar to 1800 Years},
	journal = {SCIENCE},
	volume = {340},
	number = {{6135}},
	year = {2013},
	month = {MAY 24},
	pages = {945-950},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Ice cores from low Latitudes can provide a wealth of unique information about past climate in the tropics, but they are difficult to recover and few exist. Here, we report annually resolved ice core records from the Quelccaya ice cap (5670 meters above sea level) in Peru that extend back similar to 1800 years and provide a high-resolution record of climate variability there. Oxygen isotopic ratios (delta O-18) are linked to sea surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific, whereas concentrations of ammonium and nitrate document the dominant role played by the migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the region of the tropical Andes. Quetccaya continues to retreat and thin. Radiocarbon dates on wetland plants exposed along its retreating margins indicate that it has not been smaller for at least six millennia.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1234210},
	author = {Thompson, L. G. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Davis, M. E. and Zagorodnov, V. S. and Howat, I. M. and Mikhatenko, V. N. and Lin, P. -N.}
}
@article {557,
	title = {Applications of accelerator mass spectrometry},
	journal = {International Journal of Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {349-350},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2270},
	pages = {203-218},
	abstract = {Applications of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) evolved into multi-disciplinary research covering virtually every domain of our environment at large. The possibilities of applications are clearly coupled to technical developments of AMS, which will be covered by the accompanying article of H.-A. Synal. The present review therefore concentrates on describing AMS applications to the largest extent possible. Since the knowledge of the author on the many fields where AMS measurements are performed is, of course, limited, the selection of examples discussed in this review is somewhat biased. In order to compensate for this, a rather long list of references is presented, which should be consulted for a deeper understanding of the respective fields. The seven domains of our environment at large (atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere, cosmosphere, and technosphere) are being used as a guideline for the present review.},
	issn = {1387-3806},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijms.2013.05.023},
	author = {Kutschera, Walter}
}
@article {91,
	title = {Assessing microbial carbon sources and potential PAH degradation using natural abundance 14C analysis},
	journal = {Environmental Pollution},
	volume = {175},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2268},
	pages = {125-130},
	abstract = {Natural abundance 14C analysis was applied to PLFAs collected from an industrial site in southern Ontario in order to assess microbial carbon sources and potential PAH biodegradation in soils. Δ14C of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) at the site ranged from +54{\textperthousand} to -697{\textperthousand}. Comparison of these values to surrounding carbon sources found that microbial carbon sources were derived primarily from vegetation and/or natural organic matter present in the soils rather than PAHs. This study highlights that microbes are able to utilize almost all available pools of organic matter including older pools which are thought to contain recalcitrant compounds. Furthermore, it shows that even with the presence of an active microbial community, there may be little biodegradation of PAHs. This study illustrates challenges in assessing microbial activity in the environment and the advantage of using natural abundance 14C analysis as a tool to elucidate microbial carbon sources.},
	issn = {0269-7491},
	doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2012.12.020},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749112005453},
	author = {Mahmoudi, Nagissa and Fulthorpe, Roberta R. and Burns, Leanne and Mancini, Silvia and Slater, Greg F.}
}
@article {157,
	title = {Anomalous biogeochemical behavior of cadmium in subantarctic surface waters: Mechanistic constraints from cadmium isotopes},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {341{\textendash}344},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2339},
	pages = {94-103},
	abstract = {Cadmium, a highly toxic metal, exhibits a nutrient-type profile in the oceans that is closely correlated to that of the major nutrients phosphate and nitrate. Despite its complexity, the relationship between cadmium and phosphate has been used to infer historic phosphate utilization and biological controls on oceanic CO2 concentrations. Cadmium isotopes offer the potential to constrain the mechanisms controlling cadmium cycling in the oceans, reducing uncertainty associated with the cadmium paleonutrient proxy. Using techniques in double spiking and MC-ICPMS, we report seasonal Cd isotopic and concentration data along with major nutrients and other essential trace metal (Fe, Zn, and Co) concentrations from subantarctic surface waters. We show, for the first time, a 50-fold seasonal decrease in dissolved cadmium concentrations in subantarctic waters that is due to biological uptake. However, this drawdown in Cd is decoupled from phosphate and shows no coincident shift in cadmium isotopic composition. These data, along with the preferential removal of Cd from surface waters relative to Zn, imply that cadmium is supply-limited to phytoplankton and may have a more significant biological role in these low Zn subantarctic surface waters than in regions with higher Zn concentrations.},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2012.06.005},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X12002890},
	author = {Gault-Ringold, Melanie and Adu, Toyin and Stirling, Claudine H. and Frew, Russell D. and Hunter, Keith A.}
}
@article {2458,
	title = {Anthropogenic aerosols as a source of ancient dissolved organic matter in glaciers},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Jul-02-2013},
	pages = {198 - 201},
	abstract = {Glacier-derived dissolved organic matter represents a quantitatively significant source of ancient, yet highly bioavailable carbon to downstream ecosystems1. This finding runs counter to logical perceptions of age{\textendash}reactivity relationships, in which the least reactive material withstands degradation the longest and is therefore the oldest2. The remnants of ancient peatlands and forests overrun by glaciers have been invoked as the source of this organic matter1, 3, 4. Here, we examine the radiocarbon age and chemical composition of dissolved organic matter in snow, glacier surface water, ice and glacier outflow samples from Alaska to determine the origin of the organic matter. Low levels of compounds derived from vascular plants indicate that the organic matter does not originate from forests or peatlands. Instead, we show that the organic matter on the surface of the glaciers is radiocarbon depleted, consistent with an anthropogenic aerosol source. Fluorescence spectrophotometry measurements reveal the presence of protein-like compounds of microbial or aerosol origin. In addition, ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry measurements document the presence of combustion products found in anthropogenic aerosols. Based on the presence of these compounds, we suggest that aerosols derived from fossil fuel burning are a source of pre-aged organic matter to glacier surfaces. Furthermore, we show that the molecular signature of the organic matter is conserved in snow, glacier water and outflow, suggesting that the anthropogenic carbon is exported relatively unchanged in glacier outflows.},
	keywords = {Atmospheric chemistry, Biogeochemistry, Cryospheric science},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/ngeo1403},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ngeo1403},
	author = {Stubbins, Aron and Hood, Eran and Raymond, Peter A. and Aiken, George R. and Sleighter, Rachel L. and Hernes, Peter J. and Butman, David and Hatcher, Patrick G. and Striegl, Robert G. and Schuster, Paul and Abdulla, Hussain A. N. and Vermilyea, Andrew W. and Scott, Durelle T. and Spencer, Robert G. M.}
}
@article {129,
	title = {Apparent oxygen utilization rates calculated from tritium and helium-3 profiles at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study site},
	journal = {Biogeosciences},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2253; PT: J; TC: 0; UT: WOS:000305830000003},
	pages = {1969-1983},
	abstract = {We present three years of Apparent Oxygen Utilization Rates (AOUR) estimated from oxygen and tracer data collected over the ocean thermocline at monthly resolution between 2003 and 2006 at the Bermuda Atlantic Timeseries Study (BATS) site. We estimate water ages by calculating a transit time distribution from tritium and helium-3 data. The vertically integrated AOUR over the upper 500 m, which is a regional estimate of export, during the three years is 3.1 +/- 0.5 mol O-2 m(-2) yr(-1). This is comparable to previous AOUR-based estimates of export production at the BATS site but is several times larger than export estimates derived from sediment traps or Th-234 fluxes. We compare AOUR determined in this study to AOUR measured in the 1980s and show AOUR is significantly greater today than decades earlier because of changes in AOU, rather than changes in ventilation rates. The changes in AOU are likely a methodological artefact associated with problems with early oxygen measurements.},
	issn = {1726-4170},
	doi = {10.5194/bg-9-1969-2012},
	author = {Stanley, R. H. R. and Doney, S. C. and W. J. Jenkins and Lott, D. E., III}
}
@article { ISI:000294494900012,
	title = {Age determination of large live trees with inner cavities: radiocarbon dating of Platland tree, a giant African baobab},
	journal = {ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE},
	volume = {68},
	number = {{5, SI}},
	year = {2011},
	month = {AUG},
	pages = {993-1003},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Introduction For large trees without a continuous sequence of growth rings in their trunk, such as the African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.), the only accurate method for age determination is radiocarbon dating. As of today, this method was limited to dating samples collected from the remains of dead specimens. Methods Our research extends significantly the dating of such trees to large live specimens with inner cavities. The new approach is based on collecting samples from the cavities and their subsequent radiocarbon dating. Results The giant two-stemmed Platland tree, also known as Sunland baobab, was investigated by using this new approach. AMS radiocarbon dates of the oldest sample segments originating from the two inner cavities indicate that the large stem I (364.5 m(3)) is 750 +/- 75 years old, while the much smaller stem II (136.7 m(3)) has 1,060 +/- 75 years. Results also show that stem I is still growing very fast, while the older stem II slowed down consistently its growth over the past 250 years. The complete mapping of Platland tree determined an overall wood volume of 501.2 m(3). Conclusions Dating results demonstrate that the size-age relation cannot be used for estimating accurately the age of African baobabs.},
	keywords = {Accelerator mass spectrometry, Adansonia digitata, Age determination, Growth rate, Radiocarbon dating},
	issn = {1286-4560},
	doi = {10.1007/s13595-011-0107-x},
	author = {Patrut, Adrian and von Reden, Karl F. and Van Pelt, Robert and Mayne, Diana H. and Lowy, Daniel A. and Margineanu, Dragos}
}
@article {214,
	title = {Age, growth, and spawning season of red bream (Beryx decadactylus) off the southeastern United States},
	journal = {Fishery Bulletin},
	volume = {109},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2211; Source type: scholarlyjournals; Object type: Article; Object type: Feature; CSAUnique: OB-MD-0015408089; AccNum: 14385075; ISSN: 0090-0656; Peer Reviewed: true},
	pages = {20-33},
	abstract = {Red bream (Beryx decadactylus) is a commercially important deep-sea benthopelagic fish with a circumglobal distribution on insular and continental slopes and seamounts. In the United States, small numbers are caught incidentally in the wreckfish (Polyprion americanus) fishery which operates off the southeastern coast, but no biological information exists for the management of the U.S. red bream population. For this study, otoliths (n=163) and gonads (n=161) were collected from commercially caught red bream between 2003 and 2008 to determine life history parameters. Specimens ranged in size from 410 to 630 mm fork length and were all determined to be mature by histological examination of the gonads. Females in spawning condition were observed from June through September, and reproductively active males were found year-round. Sectioned otoliths were difficult to interpret, but maximum age estimates were much higher than the 15 years previously reported for this species from the eastern North Atlantic based on whole-otolith analysis. Estimated ages ranged from 8 to 69 years, and a minimum lifespan of 49 years was validated by using bomb radiocarbon dating. Natural mortality was estimated at 0.06/yr. This study shows that red bream are longer lived and more vulnerable to overfishing than previously assumed and should be managed carefully to prevent over-exploitation.},
	issn = {0090-0656},
	url = {http://fishbull.noaa.gov/1091/friess.pdf},
	author = {Friess, C. and Sedberry, G. R.}
}
@article {182,
	title = {The application of foraminifera to reconstruct the rate of 20th century sea level rise, Morbihan Golfe, Brittany, France},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 1889; 713FR Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:71submittedY},
	pages = {24-35},
	abstract = {Foraminiferal assemblages preserved within salt-marsh sediment can provide an accurate and precise means to reconstruct relative sea level due to a strong relationship with elevation, which can be quantified using a transfer function. We collected a set of surface samples from two salt marshes in the Morbihan Golfe, France to determine foraminiferal distribution patterns. Dominant taxa included Jadammina macrescens, Trochammina inflata, Haplophragmoides spp. and Miliammina fusca. We developed a foraminifera-based transfer function using a modern training set of 36 samples and 23 species. The strong relationship between observed and predicted values (r(jack)(2) = 0.7) indicated that foraminiferal distribution is primarily controlled by elevation with respect to the tidal frame and precise reconstructions of former sea level are possible (RMSEP(jack) = 0.07 m). The application of the transfer function to a short salt-marsh core (0.32 m) allowed the reconstruction of former sea levels, which were placed in a chronological framework using short-lived radionuclides ((210)Pb and (137)Cs). The agreement between the foraminifera-based sea level curve and the Brest tide-gauge record confirms the reliability of transfer function estimates and the validity of this methodology to extend sea level reconstructions back into the pre-instrumental period. Both instrumental and microfossil records suggest an acceleration of sea level rise during the 20th century. (C) 2010 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Yqres.2010.07.017},
	author = {Rossi, V. and Horton, B. P. and Corbett, D. R. and Leorri, E. and Perez-Belmonte, L. and Douglas, B. C.}
}
@article {175,
	title = {Associated terrestrial and marine fossils in the late-glacial Presumpscot Formation, southern Maine, USA, and the marine reservoir effect on radiocarbon ages},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2011; PT: J; UT: WOS:000290831500018},
	pages = {552-565},
	abstract = {Excavations in the late-glacial Presumpscot Formation at Portland, Maine, uncovered tree remains and other terrestrial organics associated with marine invertebrate shells in a landslide deposit. Buds of Populus balsamifera (balsam poplar) occurred with twigs of Picea glauca (white spruce) in the Presumpscot clay. Tree rings in Picea logs indicate that the trees all died during winter dormancy in the same year. Ring widths show patterns of variation indicating responses to environmental changes. Fossil mosses and insects represent a variety of species and wet to dry microsites. The late-glacial environment at the site was similar to that of today{\textquoteright}s Maine coast. Radiocarbon ages of 14 tree samples are 11,907 +/- 31 to 11,650 +/- 50 (14)C yr BP. Wiggle matching of dated tree-ring segments to radiocarbon calibration data sets dates the landslide occurrence at ca. 13,520 + 95/-20 cal yr BP. Ages of shells juxtaposed with the logs are 12,850 +/- 65 (14)C yr BP (Mytilus edulis) and 12,800 +/- 55 (14)C yr BP (Balanus sp.), indicating a marine reservoir age of about 1000 yr. Using this value to correct previously published radiocarbon ages reduces the discrepancy between the Maine deglaciation chronology and the varve-based chronology elsewhere in New England. (C) 2011 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2011.02.002},
	author = {Thompson, Woodrow B. and Griggs, Carol B. and Miller, Norton G. and Nelson, Robert E. and Weddle, Thomas K. and Kilian, Taylor M.}
}
@conference {1552,
	title = {Aeolian sand invasion in coastal regions: geomorphological and geophysical aspects},
	booktitle = {Schukin Conference on Geomorphology},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 2128},
	month = {2010},
	pages = {281},
	publisher = {Moscow State University},
	organization = {Moscow State University},
	author = {Buynevich, I. V. and Souza Filho, P. W. M. and Bitinas, A. and Asp, N. E. and Pupienis, D.}
}
@article {1829,
	title = {Age and Growth Rate Dynamics of an Old African Baobab Determined by Radiocarbon Dating},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Sp. Iss. 1696jn
Times Cited:2
Cited References Count:21
},
	month = {2010},
	pages = {727-734},
	abstract = {In 2008, a large African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) from Makulu Makete, South Africa, split vertically into 2 sections, revealing a large enclosed cavity. Several wood samples collected from the cavity were processed and radiocarbon dated by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for determining the age and growth rate dynamics of the tree. The C-14 date of the oldest sample was found to be of 1016 +/- 22 BP, which corresponds to a calibrated age of 1000 +/- 15 yr. Thus, the Makulu Makete tree, which eventually collapsed to the ground and died, becomes the second oldest African baobab dated accurately to at least 1000 yr. The conventional growth rate of the trunk, estimated by the radial increase, declined gradually over its life cycle. However, the growth rate expressed more adequately by the cross-sectional area increase and by the volume increase accelerated up to the age of 650 yr and remained almost constant over the past 450 yr.},
	keywords = {cal kyr bp, Calibration, southern-hemisphere},
	isbn = {0033-8222},
	author = {Patrut, A. and Mayne, D. H. and von Reden, K. F. and Lowy, D. A. and Venter, S. and McNichol, A. P. and Roberts, M. L. and Margineanu, D.}
}
@article {443,
	title = {Aminostratigraphy of surface and subsurface Quaternary sediments, North Carolina coastal plain, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary Geochronology},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2010},
	note = {639btTimes Cited:19Cited References Count:82},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {459-492},
	abstract = {The Quaternary stratigraphy and geochronology of the Albemarle Embayment of the North Carolina (NC) Coastal Plain is examined using amino acid racemization (AAR) in marine mollusks, in combination with geophysical, lithologic, and biostratigraphic analysis of 28 rotasonic cores drilled between 2002 and 2006. The Albemarle Embayment is bounded by structural highs to the north and south, and Quaternary strata thin westward toward the Suffolk paleoshoreline, frequently referred to as the Suffolk Scarp. The Quaternary section is up to similar to 90 m thick, consists of a variety of estuarine, shelf, back-barrier, and lagoonal deposits, and has been influenced by multiple sea-level cycles. The temporal resolution of the amino acid racemization method is tested statistically and with the stratigraphic control provided by this geologic framework, and it is then applied to the correlation and age estimation of subsurface units throughout the region. Over 500 specimens (primarily Mercenaria and Mulinia) from the subsurface section have been analyzed using either gas chromatographic (GC) or reverse-phase liquid chromatographic (RPLC) techniques. The subsurface stratigraphic data are compared with AAR results from numerous natural or excavated exposures from the surrounding region, as well as results from NC beach collections, to develop a comprehensive aminostratigraphic database for the entire Quaternary record within the NC coastal system. Age mixing, recognized in the beach collections, is also seen in subsurface sections, usually where major seismic reflections or core lithology indicate the presence of stratigraphic discontinuities. Kinetic models for racemization are tested within the regional stratigraphic framework, using either radiocarbon or U-series calibrations or comparison with regional biostratigraphy. Three major Pleistocene aminozones [AZ2, AZ3, and AZ4] are found throughout the region, all being found in superposition in several cores. Each can be subdivided, yielding a total of at least eight stratigraphically and statistically distinct aminozones. Kinetic modeling, supplemented with local calibration, indicates that these aminozones represent depositional events ranging from similar to 80 ka to nearly 2 Ma. Three prominent seismic reflections are interpreted to represent the base of the early, middle, and late Pleistocene, respectively, roughly 2 Ma, 800 ka, and 130 ka. The large number of samples and the available stratigraphic control provide new insights into the capabilities and limitations of aminostratigraphic methods in assessing relative and numerical ages of Atlantic Coastal Plain Quaternary deposits. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1871-1014},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quageo.2009.10.005},
	author = {Wehmiller, J. F. and Thieler, E. R. and Miller, D. and Pellerito, V. and Keeney, V. B. and Riggs, S. R. and Culver, S. and Mallinson, D. and Farrell, K. M. and York, L. L. and Pierson, J. and Parham, P. R.}
}
@article {1837,
	title = {Ams Radiocarbon Dates from Pleistocene and Holocene Mammals Housed in the New York State Museum, Albany, New York, USA},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2010},
	note = {586yoTimes Cited:5
Cited References Count:11
},
	month = {2010},
	pages = {205-208},
	isbn = {0033-8222},
	author = {Feranec, R. S. and Kozlowski, A. L.}
}
@article {229,
	title = {Application of bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) to develop modern and past temperature estimates from New Zealand lakes},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1955; PT: J; CT: 24th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry; CY: SEP 06-11, 2009; CL: Bremen, GERMANY; UT: WOS:000282671500040},
	pages = {1060-1066},
	abstract = {Branched isoalkyl glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) of bacterial origin have been found in high abundance in both modern and glacial sediments of New Zealand South Island freshwater lakes covering a wide range of altitude (101-2000 m). Like isoprenoid GDGTs of archaeal origin, they provide excellent potential for temperature assessment. For this study, their distribution patterns (MBT, methylation ratio and CBT, cyclisation ratio of branched GDGTs) have been successfully used to develop an initial temperature calibration for the study area and to provide preliminary (palaeo)environmental interpretations. MBT data from modern lake sediments correlate well with measured annual air temperature (R(2) 0 74), enabling a regional calibration for reconstructing palaeotemperatures for fossil samples. MBT-derived palaeotemperatures for Alpine Lake, calibrated against mean annual temperature, were determined for the Last Glacial during an early cold phase (between 29,000 and 26,000 years BP) and for later less cold phases (between 23,000 and 18,000 years BP). Compared with the modern temperature regime, the MBT data indicate a decrease of ca 56 and 2 8 degrees C respectively, during this time Modern and past MBT-derived temperatures correlate with chironomid-based temperature reconstructions in the area Archaeal GDGTs, commonly used for the TEX(86) index, are abundant in fossil sediments (Alpine Lake) but scarce in modern sediments, hindering a new local calibration for this palaeotemperature proxy. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.03.004},
	author = {Zink, Klaus- G. and Vandergoes, Marcus J. and Mangelsdorf, Kai and Dieffenbacher-Krall, Ann C. and Schwark, Lorenz}
}
@article {439,
	title = {The application of intertidal foraminifera to reconstruct coastal subsidence during the giant Cascadia earthquake of AD 1700 in Oregon, USA},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {221},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1981; PT: J; UT: WOS:000279551800012},
	pages = {116-140},
	abstract = {Changes in species assemblages of intertidal foraminifera can be used to estimate the amount of earthquake-related subsidence during plate-boundary earthquakes at the Cascadia subduction zone. The accuracy and precision of foraminiferal methods in paleoenvironmental reconstruction is underpinned by the relations between contemporary taxa and their environment, which are used to calibrate fossil foraminiferal assemblages in sediment sequences. A contemporary training set of surface sediment samples from five intertidal marshes along the Oregon coast was used to determine foraminiferal distributions and prevailing environmental control(s) along elevational transects. Dominant taxa include Balticammina pseudomacrescens, Trochamminita irregularis, Haplophragmoides wilberti, Trochammina inflata, Jadammina macrescens and Miliammina fusca. Unconstrained cluster analysis and detrended correspondence analysis was used to identify two elevation-dependent faunal zones: Faunal Zone I (upland, high marsh, middle marsh) dominated by Balticammina pseudomacrescens, Haplophragmoides wilberti and Trochammina inflata, and Faunal Zone II (low marsh and tidal flat) dominated by Miliammina fusca. Site-specific differences in assemblages at three marshes enabled further subdivision of Faunal Zone I. Zone la is based on one or more of Balticammina pseudomacrescens, Trochammina inflata, Trochamminita irregularis and Haplophragrnoides sp., and Zone Ib on Jadammina macrescens, Haplophragmoides sp., Trochammina inflata and Miliammina fusca. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and partial CCA of the training set from the Nehalem River marsh transect was used to infer that the zonation of foraminifera is elevation-dependent (39\% of explained variance). A transfer function was developed to reconstruct sudden changes in relative sea-level during plate-boundary earthquakes in Oregon. The results indicate a robust performance of the transfer function (r(jack)(2) = 0.82) with the error estimate (RMSEP(jack) = 0.20 m) comparable to local and regional transfer functions from other temperate marshes. To illustrate the potential of the technique, the transfer function was applied to reconstruct subsidence during the AD 1700 earthquake using at Alsea Bay, Oregon. The reconstruction (0.18 +/- 0.20 m) is less than half the subsidence estimate of Nelson et al. [2008. Great-earthquake palogeoesy and tsunamis of the past 2000 years at Alsea Bay, central Oregon coast, USA. Quaternary Science Reviews, 27, 747-768] using their foraminiferal transfer function, perhaps because of differences in taxonomy and the species relationship to elevation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2009.09.019},
	author = {Hawkes, A. D. and Horton, B. P. and Nelson, A. R. and Hill, D. F.}
}
@article {238,
	title = {Asphalt volcanoes as a potential source of methane to late Pleistocene coastal waters},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1866; Sp. Iss. SI 589XW Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:28; YY},
	pages = {345-348},
	abstract = {Every year, natural petroleum seepage emits 0.2-2 Tg of oil to the ocean(1). Significant oil seepage can build large underwater mounds, consisting of tar deposits with morphologies similar to volcanic lava flows, known as asphalt volcanoes(2,3). Such events are typically accompanied by large fluxes of the greenhouse gas methane(4,5). Marine sediments from the Santa Barbara basin, California, contain a record of elevated methane concentrations(6), anoxia and tar deposition(7) during the Pleistocene epoch that had been attributed to dissolution of methane hydrates. However, the region is known to have exhibited oil seepage in the past(7). Here, we document the discovery of seven extinct asphalt volcanoes off the coast of southern California. The morphology of the deposits and geochemistry of samples taken from the two largest structures supports their classification as asphalt volcanoes, derived from a common source. We estimate that the two structures resulted from seepage of 0.07-0.4 Tg of oil, accompanied by the emission of 0.35-1.8 Tg of methane. Radiocarbon dating of carbonate deposits entrained with the asphalt indicates formation of the volcanoes between 44 and 31 kyr ago. The timing and volume of erupted hydrocarbons from the asphalt structures can explain some or all of the documented methane release and tar accumulation in the Santa Barbara basin during the Pleistocene.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/Ngeo848},
	author = {Valentine, D. L. and Reddy, C. M. and Farwell, C. and Hill, T. M. and Pizarro, O. and Yoerger, D. R. and Camilli, R. and Nelson, R. K. and Peacock, E. E. and Bagby, S. C. and Clarke, B. A. and Roman, C. N. and Soloway, M.}
}
@article { ISI:000279304700045,
	title = {Assessing Microbial Uptake of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Groundwater Systems Using Natural Abundance Radiocarbon},
	journal = {ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE \& TECHNOLOGY},
	volume = {44},
	number = {{13}},
	year = {2010},
	month = {JUL 1},
	pages = {5092-5097},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Carbon sources utilized by the active microbial communities in shallow groundwater systems underlying three petroleum service stations were characterized using natural abundance radiocarbon ((14)C). Total organic carbon (TOC) Delta(14)C values ranged from -314 to -972 parts per thousand and petroleum-extracted residues (EXT-RES) ranged from -293 to -971 parts per thousand. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs)-biomarkers for active microbial populations-ranged from -405 to -885 parts per thousand and a comparison of these values with potential carbon sources pointed to significant microbial assimilation of (14)C-free fossil carbon. The most (14)C depleted PLFAs were found in the samples with the highest concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). A radiocarbon mass balance indicated up to 43\% of the carbon in microbial PLFAs was derived from TPHs, providing direct evidence for biodegradation at two of three sites. At lower levels of TPHs. Delta(14)C values of PLFAs were generally similar to or more enriched than all other carbon in the system indicating microbial utilization of a more (14)C-enriched carbon source and no resolvable evidence for microbial incorporation of petroleum-derived carbon. Results from this study suggest that it is possible to delineate petroleum biodegradation in groundwater systems using these techniques even in complex situations where there exists a wide range in the ages of natural organic matter (i.e., EXT-RES).},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/es100080c},
	author = {Ahad, Jason M. E. and Burns, Leanne and Mancini, Silvia and Slater, Greg F.}
}
@article {429,
	title = {Abrupt climate change as an important agent of ecological change in the Northeast US throughout the past 15,000 years},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2009},
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P405 CWYNAR LC, 2001, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V20, P1265 DAVIS MB, 1969, ECOLOGY, V50, P409 DAVIS MB, 1981, P 4 INT PAL C LUCKN, V3, P216 DAVIS MB, 1985, QUATERNARY RES, V23, P327 DAVIS MB, 1989, CLIMATIC CHANGE, V15, P75 DAVIS MB, 2005, ECOLOGY, V86, P1704 DAVIS RB, 1975, QUATERNARY RES, V5, P436 DEEVEY ES, 1939, AM J SCI, V237, P691 DELCOURT HR, 1994, J BIOGEOGR, V21, P137 DIEFFENBACHERKRALL AC, 2005, J PALEOLIMNOL, V34, P283, DOI 10.1007/s10933-005-4958-8 EWING HS, 2000, THESIS U MINNESOTA FAISON EK, 2006, ECOLOGY, V87, P2537 FOSTER D, 2003, BIOSCIENCE, V53, P77 FOSTER DR, 1993, ECOLOGY, V74, P982 FOSTER DR, 1998, ECOSYSTEMS, V1, P96 FOSTER DR, 2002, J BIOGEOGR, V29, P1359 FOSTER DR, 2006, ECOLOGY, V87, P2959 FULLER JL, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P2337 FULLER JL, 1998, ECOSYSTEMS, V1, P76 GAUDREAU DC, 1985, POLLEN RECORDS LATE, P247 GAUDREAU DC, 1986, LATE QUATERNARY VEGE GRAY ST, 2006, ECOLOGY, V87, P1124 GREEN DG, 1982, J BIOGEOGR, V9, P29 GRIMM EC, 1992, CLIM DYNAM, V6, P179 HAAS JN, 1999, 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P1793 SHUMAN B, 2004, ECOLOGY, V85, P1297 SHUMAN B, 2005, ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR, V95, P237 SHUMAN B, 200 , QUATERNARY SCI REV, V24, P2194, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.03.018 SHUMAN B, 2006, QUATERNARY RES, V65, P44, DOI 10.1016/j.yqres.2005.09.001 SHUMAN B, 2006, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V25, P2992, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.02.021 SHUMAN B, 2007, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V26, P268, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.08.009 SPEAR RW, 1994, ECOL MONOGR, V64, P85 STJACQUES JM, 2000, J PALEOLIMNOL, V23, P385 SUTER SM, 1985, CURRENT RES PLEISTOC, V2, P87 TELFORD RJ, 2004, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V23, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.11.003 TZEDAKIS PC, 1992, GEROGR PHYS QUATERN, V46, P113 VANMANTGEM PJ, 2009, SCIENCE, V323, P521, DOI 10.1126/science.1165000 VIAU AE, 2007, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V26, P264, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.07.010 WEBB T, 1982, 3RD P N AM PAL CONV, V2, P569 WEBB T, 1986, VEGETATIO, V67, P75 WHITE PS, 1985, ECOLOGY NATURAL DIST, P3 WHITEHEAD DR, 1978, POL ARCH HYDROBIOL, V25, P471 WHITEHEAD DR, 1979, QUATERNARY RES, V12, P333 WHITMORE J, 2005, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V24, P1828, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.03.005 WILLIAMS JW, 2002, GEOLOGY, V30, P971 WILLIAMS JW, 2004, ECOL MONOGR, V74, P309 WILLIAMS JW, 2006, ATLAS POLLEN VEGETAT WILLIAMS JW, 2008, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V27, P669, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.01.004 WINKLER MG, 1985, QUATERNARY RES, V23, P301 YU ZC, 1997, GEOLOGY, V25, P251 YU ZC, 2007, QUATERNARY RES, V67, P297, DOI 10.1016/j.yqres.2006.08.006 Shuman, Bryan N. Newby, Paige Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Pergamon-elsevier science ltd Oxford Sp. Iss. SI; YY},
	pages = {1693-1709},
	abstract = {We use a series of tests to evaluate two competing hypotheses about the association of climate and vegetation trends in the northeastern United States over the past 15 kyrs. First, that abrupt climate changes on the scale of centuries had little influence on long-term vegetation trends, and second, that abrupt climate changes interacted with slower climate trends to determine the regional sequence of vegetation phases. Our results support the second. Large dissimilarity between temporally close fossil pollen samples indicates large vegetation changes within 500 years across >4 degrees of latitude at ca 13.25-12.75, 12.0-11.5, 10.5, 8.25, and 5.25 ka. The evidence of vegetation change coincides with independent isotopic and sedimentary indicators of rapid shifts in temperature and moisture balance. In several cases, abrupt changes reversed long-term vegetation trends, such as when spruce (Picea) and pine (Pinus) pollen percentages rapidly declined to the north and increased to the south at ca 13.25-12.75 and 8.25 ka respectively. Abrupt events accelerated other long-term trends, such as a regional increase in beech (Fagus) pollen percentages at 8.5-8.0 ka. The regional hemlock (Tsuga) decline at ca 5.25 ka is unique among the abrupt events, and may have been induced by high climatic variability (i.e., repeated severe droughts from 5.7 to 2.0 ka); autoregressive ecological and evolutionary processes could have maintained low hemlock abundance until ca 2.0 ka. Delayed increases in chestnut (Castanea) pollen abundance after 5.8 and 2.5 ka also illustrate the potential for multi-century climate variability to influence species{\textquoteright} recruitment as well as mortality. Future climate changes will probably also rapidly initiate persistent vegetation change, particularly by acting as broad, regional-scale disturbances. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.04.005},
	author = {Shuman, B. N. and Newby, P. and Donnelly, J. P.}
}
@article {265,
	title = {Abrupt mid-Holocene onset of centennial-scale climate variability on the Peru-Chile Margin},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1890; 499OY Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:41Y},
	abstract = {Understanding the natural climate variations in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) is crucial for predicting the evolution of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Here we present the first continuous, decadal-resolution Holocene climate record from the Peru-Chile Margin, near the epicenter of the modern ENSO system. Geochemical proxies allow us to reconstruct sea surface temperature, phytoplankton productivity, and thermocline ventilation, variables that are tightly correlated to ENSO events today. Despite the observation that the mean state of all three variables did not change over the past 10,000 years, our data reveal a dramatic increase in climate variability near 5 ka; represented by prolonged periods (50-200 yrs) of climate extremes, which are absent in the early Holocene. These centennial-scale oscillations do not show typical El Nino-La Nina correlations between proxies. We therefore posit that a significant fraction of super-ENSO variance may originate outside the tropics, through processes that ventilate the ETP subsurface waters. Citation: Chazen, C. R., M. A. Altabet, and T. D. Herbert (2009), Abrupt mid-Holocene onset of centennial-scale climate variability on the Peru-Chile Margin, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L18704, doi:10.1029/2009GL039749.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2009gl039749},
	author = {Chazen, C. R. and Altabet, M. A. and Herbert, T. D.}
}
@article {295,
	title = {Age Validation of Freshwater Drum using Bomb Radiocarbon},
	journal = {Transactions of the American Fisheries Society},
	volume = {138},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 802; 477EI Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:58Y},
	pages = {385-396},
	abstract = {The ages of freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens have typically been estimated by counting the growth increments on their scales or otoliths, but the accuracy of these estimates has not been validated. We used accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) bomb radiocarbon dating to validate age estimates from sagittal otoliths of freshwater drum from the Lake Winnebago system, Wisconsin. The freshwater drum Delta C-14 chronology from the AMS assay closely reflects the timing and shape of other bomb radiocarbon chronologies, thus validating the accuracy of otolith growth increments to at least age 52 +/- 2 years. The progression of a strong 1983 year-class, which was detected every year sampled over the course of the study (1986, 2003-2007), and indices of year-class abundance calculated from trawling assessments on Lake Winnebago (1986-2007) corroborated otolith ages. Age estimate comparisons between scales, anal spines, dorsal spines, and otoliths showed scales and spines to be completely unreliable as aging structures after age 2. Freshwater drum live to very old ages relative to most other Great Lakes fishes; our oldest specimen based on an otolith age estimate was 58 years old.},
	issn = {0002-8487},
	doi = {10.1577/T08-097.1},
	author = {Davis-Foust, S. L. and Bruch, R. M. and Campana, S. E. and Olynyk, R. P. and Janssen, J.}
}
@article {369,
	title = {Atlantic hurricanes and climate over the past 1,500 years},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {460},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1893; ISI Document Delivery No.: 483CB Times Cited: 2 Cited Reference Count: 37 Cited References: BOLDT K, MAR GEOL UNPUB COBB KM, 2003, NATURE, V424, P271, DOI 10.1038/nature01779 DONNELLY JP, 2001, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V113, P714 DONNELLY JP, 2001, GEOLOGY, V29, P615 DONNELLY JP, 2004, MAR GEOL, V210, P107, DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.005 DONNELLY JP, 2007, NATURE, V447, P465, DOI 10.1038/nature05834 ELSNER JB, 2008, J APPL METEOROL CLIM, V47, P368, DOI 10.1175/2007JAMC1692.1 GARCIAHERRERA R, 2005, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V110, ARTN D03109 GRAHAM NE, 2007, CLIMATIC CHANGE, V83, P241, DOI 10.1007/s10584-007-9239-2 HIPPENSTEEL SP, 2005, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V117, P250, DOI 10.1130/B25535.1 HOLLAND GJ, 2007, PHIL T R SOC A, DOI 10.1098/RSTA.2007.2083 JONES PD, 1997, INT J CLIMATOL, V17, P1433 KAPLAN A, 1998, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V103, P18567 KEIGWIN LD, 1996, SCIENCE, V274, P1504 KNUTSON TR, 2008, NAT GEOSCI, V1, P359, DOI 10.1038/ngeo202 LAMBERT WJ, 2003, T GULF COAST ASS GEO, V53, P443 LANDSEA CW, 2007, EOS T AGU, V88, P197, DOI 10.1029/2007E0180001 LIU KB, 2000, QUATERNARY RES, V54, P238 LUTERBACHER J, 2002, ATMOS SCI LETT, V2, P114, DOI 10.1006/ASLE.2001.0044 MANN ME, SCIENCE UNPUB MANN ME, 2005, J CLIMATE, V18, P447 MANN ME, 2007, EOS, V88, P349, DOI 10.1029/2007E0360002 MANN ME, 2007, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V34, ARTN L22707 MANN ME, 2008, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V35, DOI 10.1029/2008GL034716 NEU U, 2008, NATURE, V451, E5, DOI 10.1038/nature06576 NYBERG J, 2007, NATURE, V447, P698, DOI 10.1038/nature05895 OTVOS EG, 2002, QUATERNARY RES, V57, P425 RAYNER NA, 2003, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V108, ARTN 4407 RICHEY JN, 2007, GEOLOGY, V35, P423, DOI 10.1130/G23507A.1 SABBATELLI TA, J GEOPHYS RES UNPUB SABBATELLI TA, 2007, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V112, ARTN D17114 SCILEPPI E, 2007, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V8, P1 SCOTT DB, 2003, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V115, P1027 SMITH TM, 2003, J CLIMATE, V16, P1495 VECCHI GA, 2007, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V34, ARTN L08702 WOODRUFF JD, 2008, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V9, DOI 10.1029/2008GC002043 WOODRUFF JD, 2008, GEOLOGY, V36, P391, DOI 10.1130/G24731A.1 Mann, Michael E. Woodruff, Jonathan D. Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Zhang, Zhihua National Science Foundation [ATM-0542356, EAR-0519118, OCE-0402746]; YY},
	pages = {880-U115},
	abstract = {Atlantic tropical cyclone activity, as measured by annual storm counts, reached anomalous levels over the past decade(1). The short nature of the historical record and potential issues with its reliability in earlier decades, however, has prompted an ongoing debate regarding the reality and significance of the recent rise(2-5). Here we place recent activity in a longer-term context by comparing two independent estimates of tropical cyclone activity over the past 1,500 years. The first estimate is based on a composite of regional sedimentary evidence of landfalling hurricanes, while the second estimate uses a previously published statistical model of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity driven by proxy reconstructions of past climate changes. Both approaches yield consistent evidence of a peak in Atlantic tropical cyclone activity during medieval times (around AD 1000) followed by a subsequent lull in activity. The statistical model indicates that the medieval peak, which rivals or even exceeds (within uncertainties) recent levels of activity, results from the reinforcing effects of La-Nina-like climate conditions and relative tropical Atlantic warmth.},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature08219},
	author = {Mann, M. E. and Woodruff, J. D. and Donnelly, J. P. and Zhang, Z. H.}
}
@article {365,
	title = {Abrupt changes in Antarctic Intermediate Water circulation over the past 25,000 years},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2026; PT: J; UT: WOS:000261278700021},
	pages = {870-874},
	abstract = {The circulation of Antarctic Intermediate Water is thought to make an important contribution to the global ocean-climate system, but the details of this interaction are not fully understood. Furthermore, the behaviour of Antarctic Intermediate Water under glacial and interglacial conditions is not well constrained. Here we present a 25,000-year-long record of neodymium isotopic variations-a tracer of water-mass mixing-from the middle depths of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Our data reveal abruptly enhanced northward advection of Antarctic Intermediate Water during periods of reduced North Atlantic overturning circulation during the last deglaciation. These events coincide with an increase in the formation of Antarctic Intermediate Water and warming in the southwest Pacific Ocean, which suggests a tight link with Southern Hemisphere climate. In contrast, the initial incursion of southern source water into the North Atlantic similar to 19,000 years ago coincided with weak Antarctic Intermediate Water formation in the Pacific and reduced overturning in the North Atlantic. We conclude that reduced competition at intermediate water depth at this time allowed expansion of Antarctic Intermediate Water into the North Atlantic. This early incursion of Antarctic Intermediate Water may have contributed to freshening of the North Atlantic, perhaps spurring the subsequent collapse of North Atlantic deep convection.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/ngeo360},
	author = {Pahnke, Katharina and Goldstein, Steven L. and Hemming, Sidney R.}
}
@article {357,
	title = {Abrupt climate change and collapse of deep-sea ecosystems},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
	volume = {105},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1884; 261KQ Times Cited:12 Cited References Count:71Y},
	pages = {1556-1560},
	abstract = {We investigated the deep-sea fossil record of benthic ostracodes during periods of rapid climate and oceanographic change over the past 20,000 years in a core from intermediate depth in the northwestern Atlantic. Results show that deep-sea benthic community "collapses" occur with faunal turnover of up to 50\% during major climatically driven oceanographic changes. Species diversity as measured by the Shannon-Wiener index falls from 3 to as low as 1.6 during these events. Major disruptions in the benthic communities commenced with Heinrich Event 1, the Inter-Allerod Cold Period (IACP: 13.1 ka), the Younger Dryas (YD: 12.9-11.5 ka), and several Holocene Bond events when changes in deep-water circulation occurred. The largest collapse is associated with the YD/IACP and is characterized by an abrupt two-step decrease in both the upper North Atlantic Deep Water assemblage and species diversity at 13.1 ka and at 12.2 ka. The ostracode fauna at this site did not fully recover until approximate to 8 ka, with the establishment of Labrador Sea Water ventilation. Ecologically opportunistic slope species prospered during this community collapse. Other abrupt community collapses during the past 20 ka generally correspond to millennial climate events. These results indicate that deep-sea ecosystems are not immune to the effects of rapid climate changes occurring over centuries or less.},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0705486105},
	author = {Yasuhara, M. and Cronin, T. M. and deMenocal, P. B. and Okahashi, H. and Linsley, B. K.}
}
@mastersthesis {1329,
	title = {Accelerator Mass Spectrometry and Bayesian Data Analysis},
	volume = {Phd},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {1271},
	school = {University of Helsinki},
	address = {Helsinki, Finland},
	author = {Palonen, Vesa}
}
@article {536,
	title = {Accelerator mass spectrometry C-14 determination in CO2 produced from laser decomposition of aragonite},
	journal = {Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1891; 370OU Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:16Y},
	pages = {3443-3449},
	abstract = {The determination of C-14 in aragonite (CaCO3) decomposed thermally to CO2 using an yttrium-aluminum-garnet doped neodymium laser is reported. Laser decomposition accelerator mass spectrometry (LD-AMS) measurements reproduce AMS determinations of C-14 from the conventional reaction of aragonite with concentrated phosphoric acid. The lack of significant differences between these sets of measurements indicates that LD-AMS radiocarbon dating can overcome the significant fractionation that has been observed during stable isotope (C and O) laser decomposition analysis of different carbonate minerals. The laser regularly converted nearly 30\% of material removed into CO2 despite it being optimized for ablation, where laser energy breaks material apart rather than chemically altering it. These results illustrate promise for using laser decomposition on the front-end of AMS systems that directly measure CO2 gas. The feasibility of such measurements depends on (1) the improvement of material removal and/or CO2 generation efficiency of the laser decomposition system and (2) the ionization efficiency of AMS systems measuring continuously flowing CO2 Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	issn = {0951-4198},
	doi = {10.1002/Rcm.3745},
	author = {Rosenheim, B. E. and Thorrold, S. R. and Roberts, M. L.}
}
@article {1877,
	title = {Age validation of Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus) by means of bomb radiocarbon},
	journal = {Fishery Bulletin},
	volume = {106},
	year = {2008},
	note = {371ygTimes Cited:4
Cited References Count:34
},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {375-385},
	abstract = {We used bomb radiocarbon (C-14) in this age validation study of Dover sole (Microstomus pacificus). The otoliths of Dover sole, a commercially important fish in the North Pacific, are difficult to age and ages derived from the current break-and-burn method were not previously validated. The otoliths used in this study were chosen on the basis of estimated birth year and for the ease of interpreting growth zone patterns. Otolith cores, material representing years 0 through 3, were isolated and analyzed for C-14. Additionally, a small number of otoliths with difficult-to-interpret growth patterns were analyzed for C-14 to help determine age interpretation. The measured Dover sole C-14 values in easier-to-interpret otoliths were compared with a C-14. reference chronology for Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in the North Pacific, We used an objective statistical analysis where sums of squared residuals between otolith C-14 values of Dover sole and the reference chronology were examined. Our statistical analysis also included a procedure where the Dover sole C-14 values were standardized to the reference chronology. These procedures allowed an evaluation of aging error. The C-14 results indicated that the Dover sole age estimates from the easier-to-interpret otoliths with the break-and-burn method are accurate. This study validated Dover sole ages from 8 to 47 years.},
	keywords = {alaska, gulf, lead-radium, north pacific, otoliths, paucispinis, pleuronectids, pollock theragra-chalcogramma, quality-control, rockfish sebastes-pinniger},
	isbn = {0090-0656},
	author = {Kastelle, C. R. and Anderl, D. M. and Kimura, D. K. and Johnston, C. G.}
}
@article {254,
	title = {Antarctic sediment chronology by programmed-temperature pyrolysis: Methodology and data treatment},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1847; 284ON Times Cited:5 Cited References Count:27Y},
	abstract = {We report a detailed programmed-temperature pyrolysis/ combustion methodology for radiocarbon (C-14) dating of Antarctic sub-ice shelf sediments. The method targets the autochthonous organic component in sediments that contain a distribution of acid-insoluble organic components from several sources of different ages. The approach has improved sediment chronology in organic-rich sediments proximal to Antarctic ice shelves by yielding maximum age constraints significantly younger than bulk radiocarbon dates from the same sediment horizons. The method proves adequate in determining isotope ratios of the pre-aged carbon end-member; however, the isotopic compositions of the low-temperature measurements indicate that no samples completely avoided mixing with some proportion of pre-aged organic material. Dating the unresolved but desired young end-member must rely on indirect methods, but a simple mixing model cannot be developed without knowledge of the sedimentation rate or comparable constraints. A mathematical approach allowing for multiple mixing components yields a maximum likelihood age, a first-order approximation of the relative proportion of the autochthonous component, and the temperature at which allochthonous carbon begins to volatilize and mix with the autochthonous component. It is likely that our estimation of the cutoff temperature will be improved with knowledge of the pyrolysis kinetics of the major components. Chronology is improved relative to bulk acid-insoluble organic material ages from nine temperature interval dates down to two, but incorporation of inherently more pre-aged carbon in the first division becomes more apparent with fewer and larger temperature intervals.},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2007gc001816},
	author = {Rosenheim, B. E. and Day, M. B. and Domack, E. and Schrum, H. and Benthien, A. and Hayes, J. M.}
}
@article {384,
	title = {Assessing sedimentary records of paleohurricane activity using modeled hurricane climatology},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1895; ISI Document Delivery No.: 351AC Times Cited: 2 Cited Reference Count: 46 Cited References: BOVE MC, 1998, B AM METEOROL SOC, V79, P2477 DEMUTH JL, 2006, J APPL METEOROL CLIM, V45, P1573 DONNELLY JP, 2001, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V113, P714 DONNELLY JP, 2001, GEOLOGY, V29, P615 DONNELLY JP, 2001, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V98, P14218 DONNELLY JP, 2004, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V31, ARTN L05203 DONNELLY JP, 2004, HURRICANES TYPHOONS, P58 DONNELLY JP, 2004, MAR GEOL, V210, P107, DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.005 DONNELLY JP, 2005, J COAST RES S, V142, P201 DONNELLY JP, 2007, NATURE, V447, P465, DOI 10.1038/nature05834 ELSNER JB, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V28, P4123 ELSNER JB, 2001, J CLIMATE, V14, P4341 ELSNER JB, 2008, J APPL METEOROL CLIM, V47, P368, DOI 10.1175/2007JAMC1692.1 EMANUEL K, 2004, J ATMOS SCI, V61, P843 EMANUEL K, 2006, B AM METEOROL SOC, V87, P299, DOI 10.1175/BAMS-87-3-299 EMANUEL K, 2008, B AM METEOROL SOC, V89, P347, DOI 10.1175/BAMS-89-3-347 FRAPPIER A, 2007, TELLUS A, V59, P529, DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2007.00250.x FRAPPIER AB, 2007, GEOLOGY, V35, P111, DOI 10.1130/G23145A.1 GEHRELS WR, 2005, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V24, P2083, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.11.016 GOLDENBERG SB, 2001, SCIENCE, V293, P474 GONZALEZ JL, 2006, EOS, V87, P493, DOI 10.1029/2006EO450001 GRAY WM, 1984, MON WEATHER REV, V112, P1649 JELESNIANSKI CP, 1992, NOAA TECH REP NWS, V48 KALNAY E, 1996, B AM METEOROL SOC, V77, P437 LAMBERT WJ, 2008, J PALEOLIMNOL, V39, P117, DOI 10.1007/s10933-007-9101-6 LIGHTY RG, 1982, CORAL REEFS, V1, P125 LIU KB, 1993, GEOLOGY, V21, P793 LIU KB, 2000, QUATERNARY RES, V54, P238 MALMQUIST DL, 1997, 22 C HURR TROP MET A MERCADO A, 1994, NAT HAZARDS, V10, P235, DOI 10.1007/BF00596144 MILLER DL, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P14294, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0606549103 MOY CM, 2002, NATURE, V420, P162 NGUETSOP VF, 2004, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V23, P591, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.10.007 NOTT J, 2001, NATURE, V413, P508 NOTT J, 2004, ENVIRON INT, V30, P433, DOI 10.1016/j.cnvint.2003.09.010 NOTT J, 2007, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V255, P367, DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.12.023 NYBERG J, 2002, PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL, V183, P25 PIELKE RA, 1999, B AM METEOROL SOC, V80, P2027 PIELKE RA, 2008, NAT HAZARDS REV, V9, P29, DOI 10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2008)9:1(29) RICHEY JN, 2007, GEOLOGY, V35, P423, DOI 10.1130/G23507A.1 SCILEPPI E, 2007, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V8, ARTN Q06011 SIMPSON RH, 1981, HURRICANE ITS IMPACT STOCKDON HF, 2006, COAST ENG, V53, P573, DOI 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2005.12.005 TORNQVIST TE, 2004, GEOL SOC AM BULL, V116, P1026, DOI 10.1130/B2525478.1 WOODRUFF JD, 2008, VIEQUES PUERTO RICO, V36, P391, DOI 10.1130/G24731A.1 WRIGHT CW, 2001, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V31, P2472 Woodruff, Jonathan D. Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Emanuel, Kerry Lane, Philip National Science Foundation ; Risk Prediction Initiative ; National Geographic Society ; Coastal Ocean Institute at WHOI ; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Endowed Fund for Innovative Research Funding for this research was provided by the Earth Systems History Program of the National Science Foundation, Risk Prediction Initiative, National Geographic Society, Coastal Ocean Institute at WHOI, and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Endowed Fund for Innovative Research. We are grateful to E. Bryant, M. Gomes, E. Scileppi, and J. Tierney, who assisted with the field and lab work, and thank A. Solow for informative discussions. Special thanks to J. Elsner for providing the POT modeling code and documentation. This article benefited through constructive reviews by three anonymous referees. Amer geophysical union Washington; YY},
	abstract = {Patterns of overwash deposition observed within back-barrier sediment archives can indicate past changes in tropical cyclone activity; however, it is necessary to evaluate the significance of observed trends in the context of the full range of variability under modern climate conditions. Here we present a method for assessing the statistical significance of patterns observed within a sedimentary hurricane-overwash reconstruction. To alleviate restrictions associated with the limited number of historical hurricanes affecting a specific site, we apply a recently published technique for generating a large number of synthetic storms using a coupled ocean- atmosphere hurricane model set to simulate modern climatology. Thousands of overwash records are generated for a site using a random draw of these synthetic hurricanes, a prescribed threshold for overwash, and a specified temporal resolution based on sedimentation rates observed at a particular site. As a test case we apply this Monte Carlo technique to a hurricane- induced overwash reconstruction developed from Laguna Playa Grande (LPG), a coastal lagoon located on the island of Vieques, Puerto Rico in the northeastern Caribbean. Apparent overwash rates in the LPG overwash record are observed to be four times lower between 2500 and 1000 years B. P. when compared to apparent overwash rates during the last 300 years. However, probability distributions based on Monte Carlo simulations indicate that as much as 65\% of this drop can be explained by a reduction in the temporal resolution for older sediments due to a decrease in sedimentation rates. Periods of no apparent overwash activity at LPG between 2500 and 3600 years B. P. and 500-1000 years B. P. are exceptionally long and are unlikely to occur (above 99\% confidence) under the current climate conditions. In addition, breaks in activity are difficult to produce even when the hurricane model is forced to a constant El Nino state. Results from this study continue to support the interpretation that the western North Atlantic has exhibited significant changes in hurricane climatology over the last 5500 years.},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2008gc002043},
	author = {Woodruff, J. D. and Donnelly, J. P. and Emanuel, K. and Lane, P.}
}
@article {266,
	title = {Abrupt climate change in southeast tropical Africa influenced by Indian monsoon variability and ITCZ migration},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1851; 201ZV Times Cited:4 Cited References Count:31Y},
	abstract = {The timing and magnitude of abrupt climate change in tropical Africa during the last glacial termination remains poorly understood. High-resolution paleolimnological data from Lake Tanganyika, Southeast Africa show that wind-driven seasonal mixing in the lake was reduced during the Younger Dryas, Inter-Allerod Cool Period, Older Dryas, and Heinrich Event 1, suggesting a weakened southwest Indian monsoon and a more southerly position of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone over Africa during these intervals. These events in Lake Tanganyika, coeval with millennial and centennial-scale climate shifts in the high latitudes, suggest that changes in ITCZ location and Indian monsoon strength are important components of abrupt global climate change and that their effects are felt south of the equator in Africa. However, we observe additional events in Lake Tanganyika of equal magnitude that are not correlated with high-latitude changes, indicating the potential for abrupt climate change to originate from within tropical systems.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2007gl029508},
	author = {Tierney, J. E. and Russell, J. M.}
}
@article {359,
	title = {Age under-estimation in New Zealand porbeagle sharks (Lamna nasus): is there an upper limit to ages that can be determined from shark vertebrae?},
	journal = {Marine and Freshwater Research},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1857; 131AF Times Cited:5 Cited References Count:60Y},
	pages = {10-23},
	abstract = {Annual deposition of growth bands in vertebrae has been validated for many shark species, and is now widely regarded as the norm. However, vertebrae are part of the shark{\textquoteright}s axial skeleton, and band deposition may stop in old sharks when somatic growth ceases. We aged vertebral sections from New Zealand porbeagle sharks (Lamna nasus) under reflected white light and using X-radiographs. Bomb radiocarbon assays supported vertebral age estimates up to similar to 20 years, but not at older ages. The results suggest that older porbeagles were under-aged by as much as 50\% from vertebral band counts, presumably because band width declined to a point where it became unresolvable. This has important implications for growth studies on other long-lived sharks. Estimated ages at sexual maturity were 8-11 years for males and 15-18 years for females, and longevity may be similar to 65 years. New Zealand and North Atlantic porbeagles differ in these parameters, and in length at maturity and maximum length, suggesting genetic isolation of the two populations.},
	issn = {1323-1650},
	doi = {10.1071/Mf06069},
	author = {Francis, M. P. and Campana, S. E. and Jones, C. M.}
}
@article {1897,
	title = {Aging of marine organic matter during cross-shelf lateral transport in the Benguela upwelling system revealed by compound-specific radiocarbon dating},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2007},
	note = {213qvTimes Cited:3
Cited References Count:60
},
	month = {Sep 18},
	abstract = {Organic matter accumulation and burial on the Namibian shelf and upper slope are spatially heterogeneous and strongly controlled by lateral transport in subsurface nepheloid layers. Much of the material deposited in depo-centers on the slope ultimately derives from the shelf. Supply of organic matter from the shelf involves selective transport of organic matter. We studied these selective transport processes by analyzing the radiocarbon content of co-occurring sediment fractions. Here we present radiocarbon data for total organic carbon as well as three tracers of surface ocean productivity (phytoplankton-derived alkenones, membrane lipids of pelagic crenarchaeota (crenarchaeol), and calcareous microfossils of planktic foraminifera) in core-top and near-surface sediment samples. The samples were collected on the Namibian margin along a shelf-slope transect (85 to 1040 m) at 24 degrees S and from the upper slope depo-center at 25.5 degrees S. In core-top sediments, alkenone ages gradually increased from modern to 3490 radiocarbon years with distance from shore and with water depth. Crenarchaeol, while younger than alkenones, also increased in age with distance offshore. It was concluded that the observed ages were a consequence of cross-shelf transport and associated aging of organic matter. Radiocarbon ages of preserved lipid biomarkers in sediments thus at least partially depend on the relative amount of laterally supplied, pre-aged material present in a sample, highlighting the importance of nepheloid transport for the sedimentation of organic matter over the Namibian margin.},
	keywords = {alkenones, atlantic-ocean, burial, carbon accumulation, coastal, compound-specific radiocarbon dating, continental-margin, ionization mass-spectrometry, membrane-lipids, namibia, sea sediments, Sediment transport},
	isbn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2007GC001603},
	author = {Mollenhauer, G. and Inthorn, M. and Vogt, T. and Zabel, M. and Damste, J. S. S. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {1018,
	title = {Amplitude and timing of temperature and salinity variability in the subpolar North Atlantic over the past 10 k.y.},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 983},
	pages = {315-318},
	abstract = {Paired planktic foraminiferal δ18O and Mg/Ca data reveal trends of increasing temperatures (\~{}3 {\textdegree}C) and salinities in the subpolar North Atlantic over the course of the Holocene, which were punctuated by abrupt events. The trends likely reflect an insolation-forced northward retreat of the boundary between polar and North Atlantic subsurface waters. The superimposed variability does not appear to be periodic, but tends to recur within a broad millennial band. The records provide convincing evidence of open-ocean cooling (nearly 2 {\textdegree}C) and freshening during the 8.2 ka event, and suggest similar conditions at 9.3 ka. However, the two largest temperature oscillations in our record (\~{}2 {\textdegree}C) occurred during the past 4 k.y., suggesting a recent increase in temperature variability relative to the mid-Holocene, perhaps in response to neoglaciation, which began at about this time. },
	keywords = {Bj{\"o}rn Drift, Mg/Ca, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma dextral, Ocean Drilling Program Site 984, paleotemperature},
	doi = {10.1130/G23455A.1 },
	author = {Came, R. E. and Oppo, D. W. and McManus, J. F.}
}
@article {1894,
	title = {THE ANALYSIS OF STABLE ISOTOPES FROM CALIFORNIA COASTAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES: IMPLICATIONS FOR UNDERSTANDING HUMAN CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Society for California Archaeology},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 2079},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {29-33},
	author = {Robbins, John A. and Rick, Torben C.}
}
@article {1884,
	title = {Archaeological investigations in Jedediah Smith Campground and Hiouchi Flat},
	journal = {Redwood National and State Park},
	volume = {I},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1158},
	month = {2007},
	author = {Tushingham, Shannon}
}
@book {1381,
	title = {The Archaeology and Historical Ecology of Late Holocene San Miguel Island},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1086},
	month = {2007},
	publisher = {Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California},
	organization = {Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California},
	address = {Los Angeles},
	author = {Rick, Torben C.}
}
@article {1350,
	title = {Are tsunamis always sedimentologically important events? A case study of sedimentological and geochemical analyses of coastal lagoons, Sri Lanka},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1144; Annual Meeting},
	month = {2007},
	publisher = {American Association of Petroleum Geologists Abstracts with Programs},
	address = {Long Beach, CA},
	author = {Jackson, K. L. and Rankey, E. C. and Eberli, G. P. and Amelung, F. and Andres, M. S. and Peterson, L. P. and Swart, P. K. and Jayasena, H. A. H. and Kehelpannala, K. V. W.}
}
@conference {1571,
	title = {Assessing environmental factors associated with changes in the growth rate of a bivalve mollusk species through the Holocene},
	booktitle = {First International Sclerochronology Conference},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1169},
	month = {2007},
	address = {St. Petersburg, FL USA},
	author = {Krause R.A, Jr. and Huntley, J. W. and Kowalewski, M. and Romanek, C. R. and Kaufmann, D. S. and Simoes, M. G.}
}
@article {336,
	title = {Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {316},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1897; ISI Document Delivery No.: 153XD Times Cited: 46 Cited Reference Count: 61 Cited References: ADKINS JF, 1997, NATURE, V390, P154 ADKINS JF, 1999, RECONSTRUCTING OCEAN, P103 ADKINS JF, 2003, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V216, P109, DOI 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00502-8 BACON MP, 1982, J GEOPHYS RES, V87, P2045 BICKERT T, 2004, S ATLANTIC LATE QUAT, P671 BOYLE EA, 1982, SCIENCE, V218, P784 BROECKER W, 1988, RADIOCARBON, V30, P261 CHASE Z, 2002, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V204, P215 CLARK PU, 2002, NATURE, V415, P863 CONKRIGHT ME, 2002, WORLD OCEAN ATLAS 20 CURRY WB, 1982, QUATERNARY RES, V18, P218 CURRY WB, 2005, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V20, ARTN PA1017 DUPIESSY JC, 1980, NATURE, V286, P479 DUPLESSY JC, 1988, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V3, P343 DUPLESSY JC, 1989, RADIOCARBON, V31, P493 ELDERFIELD H, 2006, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V250, P633, DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.07.041 EMILIANI C, 1955, J GEOL, V63, P538 GANACHAUD A, 2000, NATURE, V408, P453 GEBBIE G, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q11N07 GHERARDI JM, 2005, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V240, P710, DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.061 HALL IR, 2006, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V33, ARTN L16616 HALL MM, 1982, DEEP-SEA RES, V29, P339 HEWITT CD, 2003, CLIM DYNAM, V20, P203, DOI 10.1007/s00382-002-0272-6 HIRSCHI JJM, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q10N04 HUYBERS P, 2007, J PHYS OCEANOGR, V37, P394, DOI 10.1175/JPO3018.1 KEIGWIN LD, 2004, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V19, ARTN PA4012 KISSEL C, 1999, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V171, P489 KITOH A, 2001, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V28, P2221 KUCERA M, 2005, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V24, P951, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.07.014 KUMAR N, 1993, NATURE, V362, P45 LEGRAND P, 1995, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V10, P1011 LEGRANDE AN, 2006, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V103, P837 LYNCHSTIEGLITZ J, 1999, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V14, P360 LYNCHSTIEGLITZ J, 2001, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V2, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000208 LYNCHSTIEGLITZ J, 2003, TREATISE GEOCHEMISTR, V6, P433 LYNCHSTIEGLITZ J, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q10N03 MANABE S, 1988, J CLIMATOL, V1, P841 MANGINI A, 1998, NATURE, V392, P347 MARCHAL O, 2000, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V15, P625 MARCHITTO TM, 2000, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V15, P299 MARCHITTO TM, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q12003 MAROTZKE J, 1999, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V104, P29529 MATSUMOTO K, 1999, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V14, P149 MCCAVE IN, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, ARTN Q10N05 MCMANUS JF, 2004, NATURE, V428, P834, DOI 10.1038/nature02494 MIX AC, 2001, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V20, P627 OTTOBLIESNER BL, 2006, J CLIMATE, V19, P2526 PAUL A, 2003, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V18, ARTN 1058 PIOTROWSKI AM, 2005, SCIENCE, V307, P1933, DOI 10.1126/science.1104883 ROBINSON LF, 2005, SCIENCE, V310, P1469, DOI 10.1126/science.1114832 ROEMMICH D, 1985, DEEP-SEA RES, V32, P619 SARNTHEIN M, 1994, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V9, P209 SCHMITTNER A, 2005, GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY, V19, ARTN GB3004 SHACKLETON NJ, 1988, NATURE, V335, P708 SHIN SI, 2003, CLIM DYNAM, V20, P127, DOI 10.1007/s00382-002-0260-x STOMMEL H, 1961, TELLUS, V13, P224 STREETER SS, 1979, SCIENCE, V203, P168 VELLINGA M, 2002, CLIMATIC CHANGE, V54, P251 WUNSCH C, 2003, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V22, P371 YU EF, 1996, NATURE, V379, P689 ZHANG R, 2005, J CLIMATE, V18, P1853 Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean Adkins, Jess F. Curry, William B. Dokken, Trond Hall, Ian R. Herguera, Juan Carlos Hirschi, Joel J. -M. Ivanova, Elena V. Kissel, Catherine Marchal, Olivier Marchitto, Thomas M. McCave, I. Nicholas McManus, Jerry F. Mulitza, Stefan Ninnemann, Ulysses Peeters, Frank Yu, Ein-Fen Zahn, Rainer Amer assoc advancement science Washington; YY},
	pages = {66-69},
	abstract = {The circulation of the deep Atlantic Ocean during the height of the last ice age appears to have been quite different from today. We review observations implying that Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum was neither extremely sluggish nor an enhanced version of present-day circulation. The distribution of the decay products of uranium in sediments is consistent with a residence time for deep waters in the Atlantic only slightly greater than today. However, evidence from multiple water-mass tracers supports a different distribution of deep-water properties, including density, which is dynamically linked to circulation.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1137127},
	author = {Lynch-Stieglitz, J. and Adkins, J. F. and Curry, W. B. and Dokken, T. and Hall, I. R. and Herguera, J. C. and Hirschi, J. J. M. and Ivanova, E. V. and Kissel, C. and Marchal, O. and Marchitto, T. M. and McCave, I. N. and McManus, J. F. and Mulitza, S. and Ninnemann, U. and Peeters, F. and Yu, E. F. and Zahn, R.}
}
@article {709,
	title = {Abrupt tropical climate change: past and present},
	journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
	volume = {103},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Thompson, Lonnie GMosley-Thompson, EllenBrecher, HenryDavis, MaryLeon, BlancaLes, DonLin, Ping-NanMashiotta, TracyMountain, KeithengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.2006/07/04 09:00Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jul 11;103(28):10536-43. Epub 2006 Jun 30.},
	month = {Jul 11},
	pages = {10536-43},
	abstract = {Three lines of evidence for abrupt tropical climate change, both past and present, are presented. First, annually and decadally averaged delta(18)O and net mass-balance histories for the last 400 and 2,000 yr, respectively, demonstrate that the current warming at high elevations in the mid- to low latitudes is unprecedented for at least the last 2 millennia. Second, the continuing retreat of most mid- to low-latitude glaciers, many having persisted for thousands of years, signals a recent and abrupt change in the Earth{\textquoteright}s climate system. Finally, rooted, soft-bodied wetland plants, now exposed along the margins as the Quelccaya ice cap (Peru) retreats, have been radiocarbon dated and, when coupled with other widespread proxy evidence, provide strong evidence for an abrupt mid-Holocene climate event that marked the transition from early Holocene (pre-5,000-yr-B.P.) conditions to cooler, late Holocene (post-5,000-yr-B.P.) conditions. This abrupt event, approximately 5,200 yr ago, was widespread and spatially coherent through much of the tropics and was coincident with structural changes in several civilizations. These three lines of evidence argue that the present warming and associated glacier retreat are unprecedented in some areas for at least 5,200 yr. The ongoing global-scale, rapid retreat of mountain glaciers is not only contributing to global sea-level rise but also threatening freshwater supplies in many of the world{\textquoteright}s most populous regions.},
	issn = {0027-8424 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0603900103},
	author = {Thompson, L. G. and Mosley-Thompson, E. and Brecher, H. and Davis, M. and Leon, B. and Les, D. and Lin, P. N. and Mashiotta, T. and Mountain, K.}
}
@conference {1549,
	title = {Abrupt vegetation changes in tropical South America over the last 120,000 years},
	booktitle = {EOS Abstracts, 2006 Ocean Sciences Meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1078},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Honolulu, HI},
	author = {Hughen, K. A. and Drenzek, N. and Bice, M. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {1939,
	title = {Absence of 14C in PM2.5 Emissions from Gasohol Combustion in Small Engines},
	journal = {Aerosol Science and Technology},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1699},
	month = {2006},
	author = {Lewis, C. W. and Volkens, J. and Braddock, J. N. and Crews, W. S. and Lonneman, W. A. and McNichol, A. P.}
}
@article {946,
	title = {Age mixing among sympatrick bivalves and brachiopods from the Brazilian South Atlantic},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1170},
	pages = {443},
	author = {Krause R.A, Jr. and Barbour-Wood, S. and Kowalewski, M. and Simoes, M. G. and Kaufman, D. and Romanek, C. S. and Wehmiller, J. R.}
}
@article {899,
	title = {Ahead of the Game: Middle and upper palaeolithic hunting behaviors in the southern Caucasus},
	journal = {Current Anthropology},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1137},
	pages = {89-118},
	doi = {10.1086/432455},
	author = {Adler, Daniel S. and Bar-Oz, Guy and Belfer-Cohen, Anna and Bar-Yosef, Ofer}
}
@article {1938,
	title = {Alkenone-based reconstruction of late-Holocene surface temperature and salinity changes in Lake Qinghai, China},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1157},
	month = {2006},
	author = {Liu, Z. and Henderson, A. C. G. and Huang, Y.}
}
@article {259,
	title = {Anomalous radiocarbon ages for foraminifera shells},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 980; 041JB Times Cited:7 Cited References Count:7},
	pages = {1-5},
	abstract = {The causes for discordant radiocarbon results on multiple species of planktonic foraminifera from high-sedimentation-rate marine sediments are investigated. We have documented two causes for these anomalous results. One is the addition of secondary radiocarbon for which we have, to date, only one firm example. It involves an opal-rich sediment. The other is the incorporation of reworked material. Again, we have, to date, only one firm example. It involves a rapidly deposited ocean margin sediment. However, we have three other examples where reworking is the most likely explanation. On the basis of this study it is our conclusion that, where precise radiocarbon dating of high-deposition-rate marine sediment is required, a prerequisite is to demonstrate that concordant ages can be obtained on pairs of fragile and robust planktic shells. For sediment rich in opal, it is advisable to check for secondary calcite by comparing ages obtained on acid-leached samples with those on unleached samples.},
	issn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/2005pa001212},
	author = {Broecker, W. and Barker, S. and Clark, E. and Hajdas, I. and Bonani, G.}
}
@article {571,
	title = {Anthropogenic markers in the Holocene stratigraphic sequence of the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea)},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {230},
	year = {2006},
	note = {069seTimes Cited:37Cited References Count:61},
	month = {Aug 2},
	pages = {29-51},
	abstract = {The Gulf of Trieste is a shallow serni-enclosed marine basin in the northernmost part of the Adriatic Sea that has been affected by the relative rise in sea-level during the Holocene. The sedimentary sequences in three cores, ranging in length from 130 to 320 cm, were investigated through the variability in grain-size parameters, major (Al, Fe, S, N, Ca and Mg) and trace (Ti, Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Hg) elements, organic and inorganic C, delta C-13 and C-14 dating in order to obtain information on paleoenvironmental evolution and the historical development of heavy metal contamination. The potential sources of pollution are: urban sewage from nearly 400,000 inhabitants, industrial effluents, and 500 yr of Hg mining activity in the Idrija region (western Slovenia), located in the upper basin of the Isonzo river, the main freshwater input to the coastal zone. The conventional 14 C ages of bulk sedimentary OC in the basal part of the three cores were 9030 +/- 70 (GTI), 8270 +/- 50 (GT2) and 9160 +/- 120 (GT3) yr BP. An upward increase in highly negative delta C-13(org) values from the core bottoms indicates that lacustrine-swamp conditions in the study area were rapidly followed by a typical marine depositional environment. Cluster analysis performed on the geochemical data for all subsamples of the three cores identifies several groups with a clear stratigraphic meaning. Factor analysis of the data shows related element groups that can be interpreted as being related to, for instance, the natural contribution from alummosilicates and carbonates, from organic matter (peat) and the more recent anthropogenic "impact". Predicted natural linear relationships for metal-Al were obtained from the core subsamples and they can be used as a baseline to evaluate metal enrichments on a regional scale. Results show that more recent sediments in the central sector of the Gulf of Trieste are slightly enriched in Cu (max Enrichment Factor EF=2.1) and Zn (max EF=1.6), and noticeably contaminated by Hg (up to 23.32 mu g g(-1)) to a maximum depth of 90 cm and up to 60 times above the estimated regional background (0.13 mu g g(-1)). The Hg historical trend is well correlated with extraction activity at the Idrija mine, thus allowing indicative sedimentation rate estimation and tentative assessment of the rate of Hg accumulation in bottom sediments (from 1.77 to 31.49 mg m(-2) yr(-1) at the surface). The large inventory of Hg in the core GT2 appeared to be the result of proximity to the fluvial source, which is still active in supplying Hg to the coastal areas and makes the Gulf of Trieste one of the most Hg contaminated area in the whole Mediterranean basin. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2006.03.013},
	author = {Covelli, S. and Fontolan, G. and Faganeli, J. and Ogrinc, N.}
}
@article {1528,
	title = {The ARCADIA cruise: Assessing long-term changes in tropical reef coral distribution along the Atlantic Continental Margin, southeastern United States},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1103},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {14 pp},
	address = {Silver Spring, MD},
	author = {Piniak, G. A.}
}
@conference {1570,
	title = {Archaeological geology of the central Penobscot River Valley, Maine, USA},
	booktitle = {2006 Philadelphia Annual Meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1172},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Philadelphia, PA},
	author = {Kelley, Alice R.}
}
@article {1015,
	title = {Aspartic acid racemization dating of Holocene brachiopods and bivalves from the southern Brazilian shelf, South Atlantic},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1168},
	pages = {323-331},
	abstract = {The extent of racemization of aspartic acid (Asp) has been used to estimate the ages of 9 shells of the epifaunal calcitic brachiopod Bouchardia rosea and 9 shells of the infaunal aragonitic bivalve Semele casali. Both taxa were collected concurrently from the same sites at depths of 10 m and 30 m off the coast of Brazil. Asp D/L values show an excellent correlation with radiocarbon age at both sites and for both taxa (r2Site 9 B. rosea = 0.97, r2Site 1 B. rosea = 0.997, r2Site 9 S. casali = 0.9998, r2Site 1 S. casali = 0.93). The Asp ratios plotted against reservoir-corrected AMS radiocarbon ages over the time span of multiple millennia can thus be used to develop reliable and precise geochronologies not only for aragonitic mollusks (widely used for dating previously), but also for calcitic brachiopods. At each collection site, Bouchardia specimens display consistently higher D/L values than specimens of Semele. Thermal differences between sites are also notable and in agreement with theoretical expectations, as extents of racemization for both taxa are greater at the warmer, shallower site than at the cooler, deeper one. In late Holocene marine settings, concurrent time series of aragonitic and calcitic shells can be assembled using Asp racemization dating, and parallel multi-centennial to multi-millennial records can be developed simultaneously for multiple biomineral systems.},
	keywords = {Amino acid racemization, Aspartic, Bouchardia, Brachiopods, Brazil, Holocene, Mollusks, Radiocarbon dating, Semele, Ubatuba Bay},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2006.04.001},
	author = {Barbour-Wood, S. L. and Krause R.A, Jr. and Kowalewski, M. and Wehmiller, J. F. and Simoes, M. G.}
}
@conference {1574,
	title = {Atmospheric fossil sources of river and estuarine organic carbon transported to the coastal ocean},
	booktitle = {Ocean Sciences Meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1028},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Honolulu, HI},
	author = {Wozniak, A. S. and Bauer, J. E. and Dickhut, R. M. and Keesee, E. J.}
}
@article {922,
	title = {Abundance, composition, and vertical transport of PAHs in marsh sediments},
	journal = {Environ Sci Technol},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2005},
	note = {White, Helen KXu, LiLima, Ana Lucia CEglinton, Timothy IReddy, Christopher MengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.2005/11/22 09:00Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Nov 1;39(21):8273-80.},
	month = {Nov 01},
	pages = {8273-80},
	abstract = {Petroleum-derived hydrocarbons continue to persist in Wild Harbor, West Falmouth, MA, following a spill of No. 2 fuel oil in 1969 from the barge Florida. Recent analysis of marsh sediments revealed that residues of degraded oil are present with concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons as high as approximately 9 mg g(-1). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute only a minor fraction of these residues with maximum concentrations of 134 mirog g(-1), but their fate is of interest because of their potential toxicity to organisms. As compared to typical unweathered No. 2 fuel oil, the current distribution of PAHs in the sediments reflects substantial weathering by abiotic and biotic processes, specifically a preferential loss of naphthalenes relative to phenanthrenes, as well as isomer-specific biodegradation of alkylated PAHs. Based on comparison to results from an earlier study, it appears that little or no change has occurred to the distribution of PAHs since 1989, indicating that weathering at this site has stalled or is now proceeding at a significantly slower rate. To assess whether sediment-water partitioning and molecular diffusion in the interstitial medium are now the dominant processes controlling the vertical distribution of PAHs, downcore profiles were compared to a numerical model. While in some cases the model accurately reproduced the measured data, there were instances where the distribution of PAHs was slightly under or overestimated. Reasons for these discrepancies are discussed and are likely due to bioturbation, colloid-facilitated transport, or both. Assessment of the influence of these processes on the spilled oil expands our understanding of the overall fate of these compounds and their potential long-term effects on the environment.},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/es050475w},
	author = {White, H. K. and Xu, L. and Lima, A. L. and Eglinton, T. I. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {1998,
	title = {Age and origin of Late Quaternary eolianite, Kaiehu Point (Moomomi), Molokai, Hawaii},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	volume = {SI},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Sp. Iss. 42947fu
Times Cited:3
Cited References Count:50
},
	month = {Spr},
	pages = {97-112},
	abstract = {A well-preserved, vertically stacked succession of two genetically distinct eolianites and associated caliche paleosol units, capped by modern and Holocene coastal dunes, occurs at Kaiehu Point, west Molokai, Hawaii. The Pleistocene eolianite facies comprise well-cemented, medium grained skeletal carbonate sand and their morphostratigraphic context implies formation at times of lower than present sea level. Amino acid racernization (AAR) evidence suggests eolianite formation late in marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (OIS) 5, but lacks the precision to uniquely define in which isotopic substage the deposits formed. Coupled with the AAR results, the morphostratigraphic evidence, would suggest that the Lower Eolianite formed in OIS 5c and the Middle Eolianite during 5a with their superposed caliche paleosols having formed in subsequent stadial stages. The unconsolidated coastal sand dunes of Holocene age contain reworked Late Pleistocene skeletal carbonate sand based on AAR evidence. The most likely source of the reworked carbonate is from the erosion of the eolianites at Kaiehu Point. The Pleistocene eolianite-caliche paleosol sediments reveal variable Mg-content, stable isotope ratios and petrological characteristics consistent with changing degrees of weathering intensity and meteoric diagenesis. These changes are attributed to orographic effects resulting from relative sea-level changes. Accordingly, a two-phase model is favored for the formation of the eolianite-paleosol successions at Kaiehu Point, west Molokai. Eolianite sedimentation is initiated at times of marginally lower sea levels promoting the landward migration of bioclastic sand to form extensive eolian sandsheets. This is followed by a more pronounced phase of pedogenesis associated with a further fall in sea level and concomitant increased rainfall due to enhanced orographic effects.},
	keywords = {Amino acid racemization, aminostratigraphy, bermuda, carbonate lithofacies, cementation, cliche paleosols, eolianite, hawaii, island, Late Quaternary, limestone petrology, Marine, molokai, oahu, precipitation, sea level, sea-level, south-australia, Stable isotopes, stratigraphy},
	isbn = {0749-0208},
	author = {Fletcher, C. H. and Murray-Wallace, C. V. and Glenn, C. R. and Sherman, C. E. and Popp, B. and Hessler, A.}
}
@article {676,
	title = {Age validation of canary rockfish (Sebastes pinniger) from off the Oregon coast (USA) using the bomb radiocarbon method},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2005},
	note = {932zxTimes Cited:27Cited References Count:27},
	month = {May},
	pages = {1060-1066},
	abstract = {The alternating translucent and opaque banding pattern in canary rockfish (Sebastes pinniger) otoliths, aged using a break-and-burn methodology, are annual markings. To validate age assignment, we compared measured radiocarbon levels in canary rockfish otolith cores with a reference chronology developed from known age Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis). An average 2- to 3-year phase shift was detected between the canary rockfish and a Pacific halibut reference chronology that was likely the result of differences in the regional oceanography or underageing bias. The assumption of ageing bias consistency was tested with two sampling designs. The first design controled for age-related ageing error, and the second design related birth year to estimated age. No change in the magnitude of ageing bias as a function of age was detected.},
	issn = {0706-652x},
	doi = {10.1139/F05-082},
	author = {Piner, K. R. and Hamel, O. S. and Menkel, J. L. and Wallace, J. R. and Hutchinson, C. E.}
}
@conference {1557,
	title = {The American Mediterranean: the influence of human populations on the ecosystem of Long Island Sound},
	booktitle = {Living on the Edge},
	volume = {Abstract},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1184},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {10-11},
	author = {Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C. and Thaler, B. and Sangiorgio, F.}
}
@article {681,
	title = {Amplitude and timing of sea-surface temperature change in the northern South China Sea: Dynamic link to the East Asian monsoon},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2005},
	note = {969rmTimes Cited:66Cited References Count:38},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {785-788},
	abstract = {Magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) ratios of foraminiferal shells from a sediment core from the northern South China Sea, a semi-enclosed basin in the western tropical Pacific, document variations in sea-surface temperature (SST) during the past 145 k.y. Glacial SSTs were 4 degrees C colder than interglacial SSTs. During the last deglaciation, most of the warming was accomplished in a single abrupt step after continental ice-sheet decay had already begun, but warming and ice-sheet demise were nearly synchronous during the penultimate deglaciation. Abrupt SST changes of the past 15 k.y. were apparently synchronous with events in East Asian monsoon rainfall, suggesting that variations in monsoon winds and their influence on surface circulation of the western Pacific exerted a strong control on northern South China Sea SSTs. We suggest that this link persisted for the previous 130 k.y., during which time orbital-scale 2-3 degrees C SST changes and several small (<= 2 degrees C) abrupt SST events occurred in the northern South China Sea. The similar timing of northern South China Sea SST, on a benthic delta O-18 time scale, to a well-dated speleothem record from eastern China suggests that the demise of ice sheets associated with the penultimate deglaciation did not precede Northern Hemisphere summer insolation increase. Our results suggest that surface waters had higher delta O-18 values during times of strong summer monsoon than during times of weak monsoon, likely reflecting a redistribution of O-18 depleted rainfall from land during times of strong summer monsoons, to the western Pacific during times of weaker summer monsoons.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G21867.1},
	author = {Oppo, D. W. and Sun, Y. B.}
}
@article {1971,
	title = {Are bacteria actively degrading petroleum residues from the West Falmouth oil spill? New insights from 14C analysis of bacterial lipids},
	journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1189},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {2552-2558},
	author = {Slater, G. F. and White, H. K. and Eglinton, T. I. and Reddy, C. M.}
}
@article {579,
	title = {Assessing in situ mineralization of recalcitrant organic compounds in vadose zone sediments using delta(13)C and (14)C measurements},
	journal = {Journal of Contaminant Hydrology},
	volume = {76},
	year = {2005},
	note = {883lpTimes Cited:11Cited References Count:52},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {1-18},
	abstract = {Few techniques exist to measure the biodegradation of recalcitrant organic compounds such as chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHC) in situ, yet predictions of biodegradation rates are needed for assessing monitored natural attenuation. Traditional techniques measuring O(2), CO(2), or chemical concentrations (in situ respiration, metabolite and soil air monitoring) may not be sufficiently sensitive to estimate biodegradation rates for these compounds. This study combined isotopic measurements ((14)C and delta(13)C Of CO(2) and delta(13)C of CHCs) in conjunction with traditional methods to assess in situ biodegradation of perchloroethylene (PCE) and its metabolites in PCE-contaminated vadose zone sediments. CHC, ethene, ethane, methane, O(2), and CO(2) concentrations were measured over 56 days using gas chromatography (GC). 613C of PCE, trichloroethylene (TCE) and cis- 1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE), delta(13)C and (14)C of vadose zone CO(2) and sediment organic matter, and delta(13)C, (14)C, and deltaD of methane were measured using a GC-isotope ratio mass spectrometer or accelerator mass spectrometer. PCE metabolites accounted for 0.2\% to 18\% of CHC concentration suggesting limited reductive dechlorination. Metabolites TCE and DCE were significantly enriched in (13)C with respect to PCE indicating metabolite biodegradation. Average delta(13)C-CO(2) in source area wells (-23.5parts per thousand) was significantly lower compared to background wells (- 18.4\%o) indicating CHC mineralization. Calculated CHC mineralization rates were 0.003 to 0.01 mg DCE/kg soil/day based on lower (14)C values Of CO(2) in the contaminated wells (63\% to 107\% modem carbon (pMC) relative to the control well (117 pMC). Approximately 74\% of the methane was calculated to be derived from in situ CHC biodegradation based on the (14)C measurement of methane (29 pMC). (14)C-CO(2) analyses was a sensitive measurement for quantifying in situ recalcitrant organic compound mineralization in vadose zone sediments for which limited methodological tools exist. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0169-7722},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jconhyd.2004.07.007},
	author = {Kirtland, B. C. and Aelion, C. M. and Stone, P. A.}
}
@conference {1573,
	title = {Assessing variability in the character and reactivity of DOM and POM delivered to the oceans by rivers and estuaries},
	booktitle = {Gordon Research Conference on Chemical Oceanography},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1025},
	month = {2005},
	address = {Meredith, NH},
	author = {Bauer, J. E.}
}
@article {698,
	title = {Abrupt tropical vegetation response to rapid climate changes},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {304},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Hughen, Konrad AEglinton, Timothy IXu, LiMakou, MatthewengResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t2004/05/25 05:00Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1955-9. Epub 2004 May 20.},
	month = {Jun 25},
	pages = {1955-9},
	abstract = {Identifying leads and lags between high- and low-latitude abrupt climate shifts is needed to understand where and how such events were triggered. Vascular plant biomarkers preserved in Cariaco basin sediments reveal rapid vegetation changes in northern South America during the last deglaciation, 15,000 to 10,000 years ago. Comparing the biomarker records to climate proxies from the same sediment core provides a precise measure of the relative timing of changes in different regions. Abrupt deglacial climate shifts in tropical and high-latitude North Atlantic regions were synchronous, whereas changes in tropical vegetation consistently lagged climate shifts by several decades.},
	issn = {0036-8075 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1092995},
	author = {Hughen, K. A. and Eglinton, T. I. and Xu, L. and Makou, M.}
}
@article {685,
	title = {Across-shelf sediment transport since the Last Glacial Maximum, southern California margin},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2004},
	note = {808fbTimes Cited:19Cited References Count:36},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {345-348},
	abstract = {Correlation of continental shelf-slope stratigraphy in Santa Monica Bay (southern California) with Ocean Drilling Program records for nearby slope-basin sites has illuminated the timing and scale of terrigenous sediment dispersal on margin since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Marine flooding surfaces preserved in a transgressive sequence on the Santa Monica Shelf provide a key link between base-level elevation and sediment transport across shelf. Sediment-accumulation rates at slope-basin sites were maximal ca. 15-10 ka, well after the LGM, decreased during the 12-9 ka transition from fluvial-estuarine to fully marine conditions on the shelf, and decelerated throughout the Holocene to 30\%-75\% of their values at the LGM. The deceleration is interpreted to manifest a landward shift in the margin depocenter with the onset of transgressive sedimentation beginning when sea level surmounted the shelf edge ca. 13 ka, as predicted by sequence-stratigraphic models. However, the records make clear that factors other than base level modulated slope-basin accumulation rates during the deglaciation.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G20182.1},
	author = {Sommerfield, C. K. and Lee, H. J.}
}
@conference {1551,
	title = {Advective controls on the age of marine sedimentary organic matter},
	booktitle = {Gordon Research Conference Organic Geochemistry},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1068},
	month = {2004},
	address = {Holderness School, New Hampshsire, USA},
	author = {Mollenhauer, Gesine and Eglinton, Timothy I. and Hayes, John M.}
}
@article {405,
	title = {Age and preservation of Amphistegina (foraminifera) in Hawaiian beach sand: implication for sand turnover rate and resource renewal},
	journal = {Marine Micropaleontology},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 178; 800DG Times Cited:3 Cited References Count:30},
	pages = {225-236},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon dating of tests of Amphistegina spp. from the surface sand of Hawaiian beaches has revealed ages up to 1500 years or more. Preservation is related to age: the residual umbos are older than the intact tests. The antiquity of some of the tests suggests that predictions of a sand turnover rate of less than 100 years time based on Amphistegina productivity studies are in error and that the majority of tests produced in nearshore environments of Hawaii do not accumulate on the beach. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0377-8398},
	doi = {10.1016/S0377-8398(03)00073-2},
	author = {Resig, J. M.}
}
@article {2033,
	title = {Age of the Palos Verdes submarine debris avalanche, southern California},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {203},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 990},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {247-259},
	author = {Normark, W. R. and McGann, M. and Sliter, R.}
}
@article {1021,
	title = {Alabama Gulf Coast groundwaters: 4He and 14C as groundwater-dating tools},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1222},
	pages = {289-292},
	abstract = {Analyses of 4He and 14C in groundwaters from a Miocene quartz aquifer on the Alabama Gulf Coast show the usefulness of 4He for dating these Holocene groundwaters. In this aquifer system of low alkalinities and low pHs, radiocarbon ages can be used without model correction. The groundwaters studied ranged from 42.3\% to 95.5\% modern carbon and yielded uncorrected ages of 375{\textendash}6790 yr. Radiogenic 4He ages ranged from >50{\textendash}7500 yr. },
	keywords = {14C, 4He, age dating, Baldwin County Alabama, groundwater},
	doi = {10.1130/G20081.2 },
	author = {Carey, Anne and Dowling, Carolyn B. and Poreda, Robert J.}
}
@article {909,
	title = {AMS 14C measurement and preparative techniques at NIES-TERRA},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B},
	volume = {223-224},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1492},
	pages = {116-123},
	abstract = {The AMS facility at the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) has now been operating for five years since 1997. This AMS-dedicated facility named NIES-TERRA (Tandem accelerator for Environmental Research and Radiocarbon Analysis) consists of a 5MV tandem Pelletron (15SDH-2), a solid ion source with sequential injection system, a gas ion source with a simultaneous injection system, and a gas ionization detector. Typical precision with 14C measurements is around 0.5\% and the background level has been achieved at around 50 kBP. Our main target is radiocarbon in environmental sciences, while other cosmogenic isotopes (10Be and 26Al) have been measured. Recently we have improved our preparation laboratory to increase sample throughput. CO2 production and purification using a commercial elemental analyzer connected to cryogenic traps (EA{\textendash}CT) were investigated. We used a modified elemental analyzer with a chemical trap for separation and this is expected to reduce memory effect and background in comparison with an analyzer using gas-chromatography. This newly designed EA{\textendash}CT system showed high precision and accuracy. Source of background contamination was also discussed based on the analysis of various amounts of standard materials.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2004.04.026},
	author = {Yoneda, Minoru and Shibata, Yasuyuki and Tanaka, Atsushi and Uehiro, Takashi and Morita, Masatoshi and Uchida, Masao and Kobayashi, Toshiyuki and Kobayashi, Chiaki and Suzuki, Ryo and Miyamoto, Keisuke and Hancock, Boze and Dibden, Chris and Edmonds, John S.}
}
@conference {1565,
	title = {Anthropogenic eutrophication of Long Island Sound: effects on diatom communities through time},
	booktitle = {7th Biennial Long Island Sound reserach conference proceedings},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1181},
	month = {2004},
	author = {Cooper, S. R. and Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C. and Sangiorgio, F.}
}
@conference {1566,
	title = {Anthropogenic influences on benthis foraminiferal faunas in Long Island Sound},
	booktitle = {7th Biennial Long Island Sound reserach conference, Program and Abstracts},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1183},
	month = {2004},
	author = {Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C. and Thaler, B. and Acosta, Z.}
}
@article {2013,
	title = {Archean Tectonics 2004: A review},
	journal = {Precambrian Research},
	volume = {131},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1601},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {143-151},
	author = {Van Kranendonk, M.}
}
@article {2037,
	title = {Artifacts from a submerged prehistoric site on the Coos Bay Estuary, southern Oregon coast},
	journal = {Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 993},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {41-52},
	author = {Minor, Rick and Nelson, Alan R.}
}
@article {2038,
	title = {Assessing sources and agesof organic matter supporting river and estuarine bacterial production: a multiple isotope (Delta14C, delta13C and delta15N) approach},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1153},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {1687-1702},
	author = {McCallister, S. L. and Bauer, J. E. and Cherrier, J. C. and Ducklow, H. W.}
}
@article {630,
	title = {Abrupt changes in the Asian southwest monsoon during the Holocene and their links to the North Atlantic Ocean},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {421},
	year = {2003},
	note = {637uwTimes Cited:483Cited References Count:30},
	month = {Jan 23},
	pages = {354-357},
	abstract = {During the last ice age, the Indian Ocean southwest monsoon exhibited abrupt changes that were closely correlated with millennial-scale climate events in the North Atlantic region(1-3), suggesting a mechanistic link. In the Holocene epoch, which had a more stable climate, the amplitude of abrupt changes in North Atlantic climate was much smaller, and it has been unclear whether these changes are related to monsoon variability. Here we present a continuous record of centennial-scale monsoon variability throughout the Holocene from rapidly accumulating and minimally bioturbated sediments in the anoxic Arabian Sea. Our monsoon proxy record reveals several intervals of weak summer monsoon that coincide with cold periods documented in the North Atlantic region(4)-including the most recent climate changes from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age and then to the present. We therefore suggest that the link between North Atlantic climate and the Asian monsoon is a persistent aspect of global climate.},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature01340},
	author = {Gupta, A. K. and Anderson, D. M. and Overpeck, J. T.}
}
@article {827,
	title = {Acceptance of the 2002 V. M. Goldschmidt Award},
	journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2003},
	note = {693mfTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:0},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {2303-2303},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01278-4},
	author = {Hayes, J. M.}
}
@article {2086,
	title = {Accumulation of biogenic and lithogenic material in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean during the past 40,000 years},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2003},
	note = {662agTimes Cited:82
Cited References Count:86
},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {799-832},
	abstract = {The (230)Th-normalization technique was applied to surface sediments and down-core records from the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean between 120degreesW and 170degreesW in order to reconstruct vertical rain rates, corrected for lateral redistribution of sediment. Preserved rain rates of opal, organic carbon and biogenic Ba all indicate that biological productivity south of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF) was much lower than today during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), probably in response to increased ice cover. However, by analogy with modern opal fluxes south of the ACC, we show that year-round ice cover is not a prerequisite for very low rates of opal accumulation. Available records from north of the APF indicate little to no change in opal export, in contrast to records from the Indian and Atlantic sectors, which show enhanced opal export north of the APF during the LGM. Glacial records from north of 66degreesS in the Pacific all show lithogenic fluxes that were greater than today, but significantly lower than lithogenic fluxes in the glacial Atlantic and Indian sectors. Together, these new records from the Pacific sector show that during the LGM the three basins of the Southern Ocean were significantly more differentiated than today. The observed inter-basin distribution of lithogenic fluxes and opal burial, and the presumed geographical distribution of increased dust input to the Southern Ocean during the LGM, are consistent with an Atlantic-Indian-Pacific gradient in the degree of iron-stimulated diatom productivity within the zone lying between the APF and the Subantarctic Front. Previous studies, which focused primarily on the Atlantic sector, may have overestimated the glacial increase in the strength of the biological pump in the Southern Ocean. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {antarctic circumpolar current, atmospheric co2, biological productivity, Deep-sea, interglacial changes, Last glacial maximum, marine-sediments, organic-carbon, pa-231/th-230 ratio, terrigenous sediment},
	isbn = {0967-0645},
	author = {Chase, Z. and Anderson, R. F. and Fleisher, M. Q. and Kubik, P. W.}
}
@article {641,
	title = {Age determination, validation and growth of Grand Bank yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea)},
	journal = {Ices Journal of Marine Science},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2003},
	note = {723jaTimes Cited:43Cited References Count:57},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {1123-1138},
	abstract = {Yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) (Storer, 1839) on the Grand Bank off Newfoundland were traditionally aged using surface-read whole otoliths. Age determination of otoliths from recaptures of fish tagged in the early 1990s indicated that the traditional ageing technique was underestimating the ages of yellowtail flounder when compared with the time at liberty. Age comparisons between whole and thin-sectioned otoliths showed agreement in age readings up to 7 years; thereafter whole otoliths tended to give much lower ages than those estimated by thin sections. Length-frequency analysis of pelagic and demersal juveniles, captive rearing of juveniles and marginal increment analysis all corroborated age determination based on thin sections. Tag-recaptures and bomb radiocarbon assays validated age interpretations based on thin sections in young and old yellowtail flounder, respectively. Ages were validated up to 25 years for females and 21 years for males. However, because of increased narrowing of annuli in thin-sectioned otoliths from old fish, even thin sections may underestimate the true age of the fish. von Bertalanfly growth curve parameters (combined sexes) were L-infinity = 55.6 cm total length, K = 0.16 and t(0) = -0.003. These results challenge the conventional view that yellowtail flounder on the Grand Banks are a relatively fast growing, short-lived species. Crown Copyright (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1054-3139},
	doi = {10.1016/S1054-3139(03)00125-5},
	author = {Dwyer, K. S. and Walsh, S. J. and Campana, S. E.}
}
@conference {1554,
	title = {Alkenone radiocarbon stratigraphy at high resolution continental margin sites},
	booktitle = {EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1071},
	month = {2003},
	address = {Nice, France},
	author = {Mollenhauer, Gesine and Eglinton, Timothy I. and Freudenthal, Tim and Lamy, Frank}
}
@article {2065,
	title = {The amplitude and phasing of climate change during the last deglaciation in the Sulu Sea, western equatorial Pacific},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2003},
	note = {677zxTimes Cited:122
Cited References Count:18
},
	month = {Apr 22},
	abstract = {[1] Variations in tropical sea surface temperature patterns and the phasing relative to climate change in higher-latitudes provide insight into the mechanisms of climate change on both orbital and shorter time-scales. Here, we present well-dated, high-resolution records of planktonic foraminiferal delta(18)O and Mg/Ca-based SST spanning the last deglaciation from the Sulu Sea, located in the western equatorial Pacific. The results indicate that the last glacial maximum was 2.3 +/- 0.5degreesC cooler than present in the Sulu Sea with a concomitant decrease in sea surface salinity. The similarity between variations in surface salinity in the Sulu Sea, the western and eastern equatorial Pacific, and the Greenland ice-core record suggests that the observed changes in salinity reflect large-scale rearrangement of atmospheric patterns, which were coherent and synchronous throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The results suggest that the glacial equatorial Pacific climate was strongly influenced by both tropical, and extra-tropical forcing, although it is not clear whether interannual (ENSO) variability is a good analogue of glacial-interglacial climate change.},
	keywords = {china, enso, level, monsoon, record, surface temperature},
	isbn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2002GL016612},
	author = {Rosenthal, Y. and Oppo, D. W. and Linsley, B. K.}
}
@inbook {1439,
	title = {Analog for Holocene and future Climate?},
	booktitle = {Geophysical Monograph 137, Earth{\textquoteright}s Climate and Orbital Eccentricity: The Marine Isotope State 11 Questions},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1166},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {69-85},
	author = {McManus, J. F. and Oppo, D. W. and Cullen, J. L. and Healey, S. L.},
	editor = {Droxler, A.}
}
@conference {1563,
	title = {Ancient organic matter sources to the Hudson-Mohawk River system: implications of riverine transport of ancient organic matter for the global biogeochemical},
	booktitle = {American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1027},
	month = {2003},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	author = {Longworth, B. E. and Raymond, P. A. and Petsch, S. T.}
}
@article {734,
	title = {Anthropogenically induced changes in sediment and biogenic silica fluxes in Chesapeake Bay},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2003},
	note = {632uhTimes Cited:47Cited References Count:35},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {71-74},
	abstract = {Sediment cores as long as 20 m, dated by C-14, Pb-210, and Cs-137 methods and pollen stratigraphy, provide a history of diatom productivity and sediment-accumulation rates in Chesapeake Bay. We calculated the flux of biogenic silica and total sediment for the past 1500 yr for two high-sedimentation-rate sites in the mesohaline section of the bay. The data show that biogenic silica flux to sediments, an index of diatom productivity in the bay, as well as its variability, were relatively low before European settlement of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. In the succeeding 300400 yr, the flux of biogenic silica has increased by a factor of 4 to 5. Biogenic silica fluxes still appear to be increasing, despite recent nutrient-reduction efforts. The increase in diatom-produced biogenic silica has been partly masked (in concentration terms) by a similar increase in total sediment flux. This history suggests the magnitude of anthropogenic disturbance of the estuary and indicates that significant changes had occurred long before the twentieth century.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0071:Aicisa>2.0.Co;2},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Bratton, J. F.}
}
@article {938,
	title = {An assessment of the Late Holocene record of severe storm impacts from Lake Shelby, Alabama},
	journal = {Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1111},
	pages = {443-452},
	abstract = {The historical record of severe storms on the Gulf Coast extends back only about 100 years. To better predict how the Gulf Coast will be impacted by future climate change and associated changes in storm frequency it is necessary to extend the severe storm record back to the time when global climate was different than today. A 3200-year record of severe storm impacts was reported from Lake Shelby, AL, using sand layers as proxies of storm intensity and frequency (Liu and Fearn, 1993). To enhance the understanding of the Lake Shelby environment and changes that may occur during severe storms seismic data, water chemistry profiles, sediment cores, radiocarbon dates, and geochemical measurements were obtained. The results indicate that Lake Shelby is a stratified lake in terms of salinity and dissolved oxygen. The lake floor is composed of two general lithologies, gyttja located below about 2 m water depth, and sand located along the entire perimeter of the lake. Radiocarbon dates and stable isotope data indicate that the lake was a brackish water lagoon prior to 80014C yrs BP when it became isolated and transformed into a lacustrine environment. Interpretation of sand layers recognized in sediment cores from Lake Shelby as indicators of severe storms may be ambiguous. New data suggest that severe-storm records based on geochemical stratigraphy may provide higher resolution and confidence than conventional overwash techniques.},
	author = {Lambert, W. Joe and Aharon, Paul and Rodriguez, Antonio B.}
}
@article {2075,
	title = {Asynchronous alkenone and foraminifera records from the Benguela Upwelling System},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1067},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {2157-2171},
	author = {Mollenhauer, Gesine and Eglinton, Timothy I. and Ohkouchi, Naohiko and Schneider, Ralph R. and Muller, Peter J. and Grootes, Pieter M. and Rullkotter, Jurgen}
}
@article {1016,
	title = {Atlantic Ocean circulation during the Younger Dryas: Insights from a new Cd/Ca record from the western subtropical South Atlantic},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {18},
	year = {2003},
	note = {749rtTimes Cited:30Cited References Count:39},
	month = {Nov 25},
	abstract = {[Benthic foraminiferal Cd/ Ca from an intermediate depth, western South Atlantic core documents the history of southward penetration of North Atlantic Intermediate Water ( NAIW). Cd seawater estimates ( Cd-W) for the last glacial are consistent with the production of NAIW and its export into the South Atlantic. At similar to 14.5 ka concurrently with the onset of the Bolling- Allerod to Younger Dryas cooling, the NAIW contribution to the South Atlantic began to decrease, marking the transition from a glacial circulation pattern to a Younger Dryas circulation. High Cd-W in both the deep North Atlantic and the intermediate South Atlantic imply reduced export of deep and intermediate water during the Younger Dryas and a significant decrease in northward oceanic heat transport. A modern circulation was achieved at similar to 9 ka, concurrently with the establishment of Holocene warmth in the North Atlantic region, further supporting a close linkage between deepwater variability and North Atlantic climate.},
	issn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/2003PA000888},
	author = {Came, R. E. and Oppo, D. W. and Curry, W. B.}
}
@article {947,
	title = {Abundant brachiopods on a tropical, upwelling-influenced shelf (Southeast Brazilian Bight, South Atlantic},
	journal = {Palaios},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1416},
	pages = {277-286},
	abstract = {Rhynchonelliform brachiopods were diverse and often dominant benthos of tropical seas in the Paleozoic. In contrast, they are believed to be rare in open habitats of modern oceans, especially at low latitudes. This study documents numerous occurrences of rhynchonelliform brachiopods on a modern tropical shelf, particularly in areas influenced by upwelling. Extensive sampling of the outer shelf and coastal bays of the Southeast Brazilian Bight revealed dense populations of terebratulid brachiopods (>103 individuals / m2 of seafloor) between 24{\textdegree} and 26{\textdegree}S. On the outer shelf, brachiopods are more abundant than bivalves and gastropods combined. However, brachiopod diversity is low: only four species belonging to the genera Bouchardia, Terebratulina, Argyrotheca, and Platidia were identified among over 16000 examined specimens. Brachiopods occur preferentially on carbonate bottoms and include two substrate-related associations: Bouchardia (40{\textendash}70\% CaCO3 weight content) and Terebratulina-Argyrotheca (70{\textendash}95\% CaCO3). All four species display a broad bathymetric range that contrasts with a narrow depth tolerance postulated for many Paleozoic rhynchonelliforms. The most abundant populations occur in the depth range between 100 and 200 m, and coincide with zones of shelf-break upwelling, where relatively colder and nutrient-rich water masses of the South Atlantic Central Water are brought upward by cyclonic meanders of the South Brazil Current (a western boundary current that flows poleward along the coast of Brazil). This is consistent with previous biological and paleontological studies that suggest upwelling may play a role in sustaining brachiopod-dominated benthic associations. The presence of abundant brachiopods in the open habitats of the tropical shelf of the western South Atlantic contrasts with current understanding of their latitudinal distribution and points to major gaps in our knowledge of their present-day biogeography. The ecological importance of rhynchonelliform brachiopods in modern oceans and their role as producers of biogenic sedimentary particles may be underestimated.},
	doi = {10.1669/0883-1351(2002)017\&lt;0277:ABOATU\&gt;2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Kowalewski, M. and Simeos, M. G. and Carroll, M. and Rodland, D. L.}
}
@article {2429,
	title = {Akata Site (32SN121) 1996 Archeological Excavations. Anthropology Research, Department of Anthropology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks (Report)},
	volume = {in prep},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1362},
	month = {2002},
	institution = {Dakotas Area Office, U. S. Bureau of Reclamation},
	address = {Bismarck, ND},
	author = {Toom, Dennis L.}
}
@article {2125,
	title = {The andesite aqueduct: prespectives on the evolution of intermediate magmatism in west-central (105-99 degrees W) Mexico},
	journal = {Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology},
	volume = {143},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1588},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {641-663},
	author = {Carmichael, I. S. E.}
}
@article {886,
	title = {The Antarctic ice sheet during the last glacial maximum and its subsequent retreat histroy: a review},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1126},
	pages = {49-70},
	abstract = {An emerging body of evidence from studies of the last glacial/interglacial cycle suggests that the East and West Antarctic ice sheets have not advanced and retreated in concert. The West Antarctic ice sheet advanced to the outer shelf in most regions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The retreat from the shelf commenced shortly after the LGM and continued into the late Holocene. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet in Ross and Amundsen seas slid across a deforming bed, at least during the final phases of extended glaciation. This implies that at this time the ice sheet had a low profile. Differences in the number and locations of grounding-zone wedges and smaller grounding zone features from trough to trough imply that individual West Antarctic Ice Sheet ice streams retreated episodically.

Details concerning the expansion, retreat, and behavior of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) are more sparse. The picture emerging is that the EAIS did not expand to the continental shelf edge during the LGM; rather, it achieved a maximum extent of a mid-shelf position in some locations, while in other areas the ice terminus was situated near its present location. The timing of retreat along sectors within the EAIS appears diachronous, and in places occurred prior to the LGM. The Antarctic Peninsula shelf contained considerably more ice during the LGM than previously proposed.

The results presented in this paper support more recent published ice-sheet models that call for greater contributions of melting ice from West Antarctica, including the Antarctic Peninsula, to the post-glacial rise in sea level.},
	doi = {10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00083-X},
	author = {Anderson, J. B. and Shipp, S. S. and Lowe, A. L. and Wellner, J. S. and Mosola, A.}
}
@article {2101,
	title = {On the antiquity of the single-piece shell fishhook: AMS radiocarbon evidence from the southern California coast},
	journal = {Journal of Archaeological Sciences},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1024},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {933-942},
	author = {Rick, T. C. and Vellanoweth, R. L. and Erlandson, J. M. and Kennett, D. J.}
}
@conference {1572,
	title = {Assessing the linkages among climate variability, land-use change, and the sedimentary regime of the Upper Chesapeak Bay},
	booktitle = {Proceedings Coastal Environment 2002},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1218},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {183-192},
	publisher = {WIT Press},
	organization = {WIT Press},
	author = {Barros, A. P. and Gordon, S. J.}
}
@book {1347,
	title = {Abrupt climate change and pre-Columbian cultural collapse},
	series = {Interhemispheric Climate Linkages},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1408},
	month = {2001},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	author = {Brenner, M. and Hodell, D. A. and Curtis, J. H. and Rosenmeier, M. and Binford, M. W. and Abbott, M. B.}
}
@article {406,
	title = {Accumulation rates and sources of sediments and organic carbon on the Palos Verdes shelf based on multiple radioisotopic tracers (137Cs, 239,240Pu, 210Pb, 234Th, 238U and 14C)},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1309},
	pages = {125-152},
	abstract = {We report here bioturbation and sediment accumulation rates determined from replicate sediment cores at four different sampling sites on the Palos Verdes shelf, Southern California, using bomb fallout and natural radionuclides (137Cs, 239,240Pu, 210Pb, 234Th, and 14C), along with supporting measurements of organic carbon (OC), porosity and granulometry. Present-day particle reworking, on time scales of several months, is restricted to the upper 3 cm, with rates ranging from 13 to 200 cm2/year, as deduced from 234Thxs profiles. There is little evidence that particle reworking reached depths significantly greater than 5 cm. Post-1963 (or post-1971) sediment accumulation rates ranged from 0.7 to 1.4 g/cm2/year (equivalent to 1.1{\textendash}1.8 cm/year for surficial sediments), as calculated from Pu and Cs isotope profiles, with little change over time or distance from the outfall. Lateral transport of older sediment and multiple sediment sources on the Palos Verdes shelf is suggested from radiocarbon measurements on foraminifera and bulk sedimentary organic matter at two sampling sites, which showed variable, old and refractory sources of OC. Pre-1953 sediments accumulated at rates that were at least 0.4 g/cm2/year (>=0.3 cm/year), based on 210Pbxs dating. Given the abundance of sediment sources to the Palos Verdes shelf, the high sedimentation rates, and shallow particle mixed layers, contaminant-enriched layers should continue to move deeper into the sediments.},
	doi = {10.1016/S0304-4203(00)00101-8},
	author = {Santschi, P. H. and Guo, L. and Asbill, S. and Allison, M. and Kepple, B. and Wen, L. S.}
}
@article {2138,
	title = {Across forests and savannas: Later Stone Age assemblages from Ituri and Semliki, Northeast Domacratic Republic of Congo},
	journal = {Journal of Antropological Research},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1217},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {197-217},
	author = {Mercader, J. and Brooks, A.}
}
@article {1003,
	title = {Algal and archaeal polyisoprenoids in a recent marine sediment: Molecular isotopic evidence for anaerobic oxidation of methane},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2001},
	note = {458jvTimes Cited:51Cited References Count:79},
	month = {Jan 17},
	abstract = {Analyses of C-13 contents of individual organic molecules in a marine sediment show that crocetane, 2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadecane, an isomer of phytane, is produced by microorganisms that use methane as their main source of carbon. The sediments lie at a water depth of 68 m in the Kattegat, the strait between Denmark and Sweden. Crocetane appears first 185 cm below the sediment-water interface, in the zone marking the transition from sulfate reduction to methanogenesis. Its delta C-13 value is -90 +/- 10 parts per thousand versus Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB). Its structure, which includes four isoprene units arranged symmetrically around a tail-to-tail linkage, suggests that it is produced by a member of the archaea. Growing at the intersection of the diffusion gradients for sulfate and methane in sedimentary pore waters, the source organism apparently function as a methane-consuming member of the microbial consortium responsible for the anaerobic oxidation of methane [Hoehler et al., 1994], in which, as first demonstrated quantitatively in these sediments [Iversen and Jorgensen, 1985], electrons are transferred from methane to sulfate. The presence of archaeal biomass throughout the sediment section is indicated by significant concentrations of 2,6,10,15,19-pentamethylicosane (PMI) and of ether-bound phytane and biphytane. The PMI reaches a minimum delta value of -47 parts per thousand well below the transition zone. Its isotopic depletion could reflect either methanogenic or methanotrophic sources. The ether-bound lipids are isotopically uniform throughout the section and are presumed to derive from archaea that utilize a carbon source unaffected by the oxidation of methane.},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2000GC000112},
	author = {Bian, L. Q. and Hinrichs, K. U. and Xie, T. M. and Brassell, S. C. and Iversen, H. and Fossing, H. and Jorgensen, B. B. and Hayes, J. M.}
}
@article {2162,
	title = {Amino acid composition and diagenesis in the shells of terebratulid brachiopod Bouchardia rosea (SW Atlantic)},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1417},
	month = {2001},
	author = {Carroll, M. and Kowalewski, M. and Simeos, M. G. and Goodfriend, G. A.}
}
@article {2132,
	title = {AMS radiocarbon dating of a shell fishhook from Santa Rosa Island, California},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2001},
	note = {458qxTimes Cited:7
Cited References Count:18
},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {83-86},
	abstract = {Several single-piece shell fishhooks from CA-SRI-43 on Santa Rosa Island were dated by association to roughly 5500 cal BP and were argued to be among the oldest specimens in the region. Direct accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating of one of these hooks provided a date of 560 cal BP, however, making it about 5000 yr younger than originally presumed. This younger date is more consistent with the regional shell fishhook chronology and demonstrates the importance of obtaining direct AMS C-14 dates to refine artifact and site chronologies.},
	isbn = {0033-8222},
	author = {Rick, T. C.}
}
@article {831,
	title = {Acceptance of the 1997 Alfred E. Treibs Award},
	journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2000},
	note = {287naTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:0},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {749-750},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00325-2},
	author = {Hayes, J. M.}
}
@article {864,
	title = {Age and composition of carbonate shoreface sediments, Kailua Bay, Oahu, Hawaii},
	journal = {Coral Reefs},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2000},
	note = {341wmTimes Cited:32Cited References Count:43},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {141-154},
	abstract = {The origin, age, and dynamics of carbonate sediments in Kailua Bay on Oahu, Hawaii, are described. The shoreface (from shoreline to 4 km offshore) consists of a broad (5 km(2)) fringing coral reef ecosystem bisected by a sinuous, shore-normal, sand-filled paleostream channel 200-300 m wide. The median grain diameter of surface sands is finest on the beach face (<0.3 mm) and increases offshore along the channel axis. Kailua sands are >90\% biogenic carbonate, dominated by skeletal fragments of coralline algae (e.g. Porolithon, up to 50\%) followed by the calcareous green alga Halimeda (up to 32\%), coral fragments (1-24\%), mollusc fragments (6-21\%), and benthic foraminifera (1-10\%). Sand composition and age across the shoreface are correlated to carbonate production. Corals and coralline algae, principal builders of the reef framework, are younger and more abundant in sands along the channel axis and in offshore reefal areas, while Halimeda, molluscs, and foraminifera are younger and more dominant in nearshore waters shoreward of the main region of framework building. Shoreface sediments are relatively old. Of 20 calibrated radiocarbon dates on skeletal constituents of sand, only three are younger than 500 years B.P.; six are 500-1000 years B.P.; six are 1000-2000 years B.P.; and five are 2000-5000 years B.P. Dated fine sands are older than medium to coarse sands and hence may constitute a reservoir of fossil carbonate that is distributed over the entire shoreface. Dominance of fossiliferous sand indicates long storage times for carbonate grains, which tend to decrease in size with age, such that the entire period of relative sea-level inundation (similar to 5000 years) is represented in the sediment. Despite an apparently healthy modern coral ecosystem, the surficial sand pool of Kailua Bay is dominated by sand reflecting an antecedent system, possibly one that existed under a + 1-2 m sea-level high stand during the mid- to late Holocene.},
	issn = {0722-4028},
	doi = {10.1007/s003380000085},
	author = {Harney, J. N. and Grossman, E. E. and Richmond, B. M. and Fletcher, C. H.}
}
@inbook {1424,
	title = {Amino acid racemization in ostracodes},
	booktitle = {Perspectives in Amino Acid and Protein Geochemistry},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1390},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {145},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	isbn = {0195135075},
	author = {Kaufman, D. S.},
	editor = {Goodfriend, G. A.}
}
@article {632,
	title = {An artificial landscape-scale fishery in the Bolivian Amazon},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {408},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Erickson, C LengHistorical ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.England2000/11/23 11:00Nature. 2000 Nov 9;408(6809):190-3.},
	month = {Nov 09},
	pages = {190-3},
	abstract = {Historical ecologists working in the Neotropics argue that the present natural environment is an historical product of human intentionality and ingenuity, a creation that is imposed, built, managed and maintained by the collective multigenerational knowledge and experience of Native Americans. In the past 12,000 years, indigenous peoples transformed the environment, creating what we now recognize as the rich ecological mosaic of the Neotropics. The prehispanic savanna peoples of the Bolivian Amazon built an anthropogenic landscape through the construction of raised fields, large settlement mounds, and earthen causeways. I have studied a complex artificial network of hydraulic earthworks covering 525 km2 in the Baures region of Bolivia. Here I identify a particular form of earthwork, the zigzag structure, as a fish weir, on the basis of form, orientation, location, association with other hydraulic works and ethnographic analogy. The native peoples used this technology to harvest sufficient animal protein to sustain large and dense populations in a savanna environment.},
	issn = {0028-0836 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1038/35041555},
	author = {Erickson, C. L.}
}
@article {2233,
	title = {The abundance of 13C in marine organic matter and isotopic fractionation in the global biogeochemical cycle of carbon during the past 800 Ma},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {161},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1547},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {103-125},
	author = {Hayes, John M. and Strauss, Harald and Kaufman, Alan J.}
}
@conference {1564,
	title = {The Antarctic Radiocarbon Storage Ring},
	booktitle = {8th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1791},
	month = {1999},
	address = {Vienna, Austria},
	author = {Schneider, Robert J. and McNichol, Ann P. and von Reden, Karl F. and Elder, Kathryn L. and Gagnon, Alan R. and Key, Robert M. and Quay, Paul D.}
}
@conference {1567,
	title = {Application of a compact microwave ion source to radiocarbon analysis},
	booktitle = {The eighth international conference on heavy-ion accelerator technology},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1977},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {422},
	publisher = {American Institute of Physics},
	organization = {American Institute of Physics},
	abstract = {The compact, high current, 2.45 GHz microwave-driven plasma ion source which was built for the Chalk River TASCC facility is presently being adapted for testing as a gas ion source for accelerator mass spectrometry, at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution accelerator mass spectrometer. The special requirements for producing carbon-ion beams from micromole quantities of carbon dioxide produced from environmental samples will be discussed. These samples will be introduced into the ion source by means of argon carrier gas and a silicon capillary injection system. Following the extraction of positive ions from the source, negative ion formation in a charge exchange vapor will effectively remove the argon from the carbon beam. Simultaneous injection of the three carbon isotopes into the accelerator is planned.},
	keywords = {carbon, ion sources, mass spectroscopy, spectrochemical analysis, tandem accelerators},
	author = {Schneider, R. J. and von Reden, K. F. and Hayes, J. M. and Wills, J. S. C.},
	editor = {Shepard, K. W.}
}
@conference {1569,
	title = {Application of Compact Microwave Ion Source to Radiocarbon Analysis},
	booktitle = {8th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology},
	volume = {Conference Proceedings 473},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1824},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {422-425},
	publisher = {American Institute of Physics},
	organization = {American Institute of Physics},
	address = {Argonne National Lab.},
	author = {Schneider, R. J. and von Reden, K. F. and Hayes, J. M. and Wills, J. S. C.},
	editor = {Shepard, K.}
}
@article {1515,
	title = {An Archaeological Investigation of Late Archaic Cerros de Trincheras Sites in Chihuahua, Mexico},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1389},
	month = {1999},
	institution = {University of Texas, Center for Archaeological Research},
	author = {Hard, R. and Roney, J.}
}
@article {2216,
	title = {Assessing the importance of subtropical waters in ventilating the Equatorial Pacific thermocline: A combined transient-tracer approach},
	journal = {International WOCE Newsletter},
	volume = {35},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1465},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {18-24},
	author = {Peacock, S. and Jenkins, W. and Key, R. and Broecker, W.}
}
@article {2244,
	title = {Assessment of a hard water dating problem in Wonder Lake, Denali National Park, Alaska},
	journal = {Geographie Physique et Quatenaire},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1383},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {407-411},
	author = {Child, J. C. and Werner, A.}
}
@conference {1559,
	title = {AMS measurement of},
	booktitle = {Sixteenth International Radiocarbon Conference},
	volume = {40(1)},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1643},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {247-253},
	address = {Groningen},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and McNichol, A. P. and Pearson, A. and Schneider, R. J.}
}
@article {2249,
	title = {AMS Measurement of small samples with high-current system: (Proceedings of the 16th International Radiocarbon Conference, 1997)},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1815},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {247-253},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and McNichol, A. and Pearson, A. and Schneider, R.}
}
@inbook {1467,
	title = {Arid phases in the western Mediterranean region during the last glacial cycle reconstructed from Lacustrine records},
	booktitle = {Paleohydrology and Environmental Change},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1211},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {67-80},
	publisher = {Wiley \& Sons},
	organization = {Wiley \& Sons},
	address = {London},
	author = {Valerol-Garces, B. L. and Zeroual, E. and Kelts, K.},
	editor = {Eenito, G.}
}
@article {819,
	title = {An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {138},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Xj245Times Cited:283Cited References Count:35},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {119-126},
	abstract = {During latest Quaternary glaciation, the Black Sea became a giant freshwater lake. The surface of this lake drew down to levels more than 100 m below its outlet. When the Mediterranean rose to the Bosporus sill at 7,150 yr BP1, saltwater poured through this spillway to refill the lake and submerge, catastrophically, more than 100,000 km(2) of its exposed continental shelf. The permanent drowning of a vast terrestrial landscape may possibly have accelerated the dispersal of early neolithic foragers and farmers into the interior of Europe at that time. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00007-8},
	author = {Ryan, W. B. F. and Pitman, W. C. and Major, C. O. and Shimkus, K. and Moskalenko, V. and Jones, G. A. and Dimitrov, P. and Gorur, N. and Sakinc, M. and Yuce, H.}
}
@conference {1560,
	title = {AMS measurements of the 14C distribution in the Pacific Ocean},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {B123},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 1644; B123},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {438-442},
	address = {Tucson, AZ},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and McNichol, A. P. and Peden, J. C. and Elder, K. L. and Gagnon, A. R. and Schneider, R. J.},
	editor = {Jull, A. J. T.}
}
@article {2280,
	title = {AMS measurements of the 14C distribution in the Pacific Ocean},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research},
	volume = {B123},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 1673},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {438-442},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and McNichol, A. P. and Peden, J. C. and Elder, K. L. and Gagnon, A. R. and Schneider, R. J.}
}
@inbook {1432,
	title = {Agroecological perspectives on the decline of the Tiwanaku State (Book Section)},
	booktitle = {Tiwanaku and its Hinterland: Archaeology and Paleoecology of an Andean Civilization},
	volume = {1},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 1258},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {181-201},
	publisher = {Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC},
	organization = {Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC},
	author = {Kolata, Alan L. and Ortloff, Charles R.},
	editor = {Kolata, Alan L.}
}
@conference {1555,
	title = {Altithermal of the Canadian Rockies; timing and internal structure; evidence from lake sediments},
	booktitle = {14th biennial meeting of the American Quaternary Association},
	volume = {14},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 1262},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {173},
	address = {Flagstaff, AZ},
	author = {Leonard, Eric and Resoner, Mel}
}
@conference {1561,
	title = {AMS measurements of the 14C distribution in the Pacific Ocean},
	booktitle = {7th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {38},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 950; 1},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {125},
	publisher = {Radiocarbon},
	organization = {Radiocarbon},
	address = {Tucson, AZ},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and McNichol, A. P. and Schneider, R. J.}
}
@article {841,
	title = {AMS radiocarbon analyses from Lake Baikal, Siberia: Challenges of dating sediments from a large, oligotrophic lake},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {15},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Vp609Times Cited:112Cited References Count:29},
	pages = {669-684},
	abstract = {A suite of 146 new accelerator-mass spectrometer (AMS) radiocarbon ages provides the first reliable chronology for late Quaternary sediments in Lake Baikal. In this large, highly oligotrophic lake, biogenic and authigenic carbonate are absent, and plant macrofossils are extremely rare. Total organic carbon is therefore the primary material available for dating. Several problems are associated with the TOC ages. One is the mixture of carbon sources in TOC, not all of which are syndepositional in age. This problem manifests itself in apparent ages for the sediment surface that are greater than zero. However, because most of the organic carbon in Lake Baikal sediments is algal (autochthonous) in origin, this effect is limited to about 1000+/-500 years, which can be corrected, at least for young deposits. The other major problem with dating Lake Baikal sediments is the very low carbon contents of glacial-age deposits, which makes them extremely susceptible to contamination with modern carbon. This problem can be minimized by careful sampling and handling procedures.The ages show almost an order of magnitude difference in sediment-accumulation rates among different sedimentary environments in Lake Baikal, from about 0.04 mm/year on isolated banks such as Academician Ridge, to nearly 0.3 mm/year in the turbidite depositional areas beneath the deep basin floors, such as the Central Basin. The new AMS ages clearly indicate that the dramatic increase in diatom productivity in the lake, as evidenced by increases in biogenic silica and organic carbon, began about 13 ka, in contrast to previous estimates of 7 ka for the age of this transition. Holocene net sedimentation rates may be less than, equal to, or greater than those in the late Pleistocene, depending on the site. This variability reflects the balance between variable terrigenous sedimentation and increased biogenic sedimentation during interglaciations. The ages reported here, and the temporal and spatial variation in sedimentation rates that they imply, provide opportunities for paleoenvironmental reconstructions at different time scales and resolutions. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/0277-3791(96)00027-3},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Jones, G. A. and Rubin, M. and King, J. W. and Peck, J. A. and Orem, W. H.}
}
@article {2333,
	title = {Automated systems and techniques utilized at the NOSAMS sample preparation laboratory: An update of productivity and quality issues},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {38},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 959},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {38-39},
	author = {Gagnon, A. R. and McNichol, A. P. and Hutton, D. L. and Osborne, E. A. and Donoghue, J. C.}
}
@conference {1553,
	title = {Age and paleoclimate of submerged late Pleistocene reef system, Southeast Florida shelf; implications for substage 5A sea level},
	booktitle = {Geological Society of America, 1995 annual meeting},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 1242; 6},
	month = {1995},
	pages = {448},
	address = {New Orleans, LA},
	author = {Toscano, M. A. and Lundberg, J. and Hine, A. C.}
}
@article {2342,
	title = {Amazon continental margin high resolution records of the penultimate interglacial},
	journal = {Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {76},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 1276},
	month = {1995},
	pages = {174},
	author = {Showers, W. J. and Genna, B. and Price, P.}
}
@conference {1556,
	title = {Amazon Continental Margin High Resolution Records of Western Tropical Atlantic circulation over the past 130 ky},
	booktitle = {International Conference of Paleoceanography},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 1280},
	month = {1995},
	address = {Halifax, Canada},
	author = {Showers, William J. and Genna, Bernard and Price, Pamela}
}
@article {942,
	title = {AMS C14 Dating of the Holocene Climatic Optimum in the North Pacific and Atlantic Oceans},
	journal = {EOS,Transactions,American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {75},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 913},
	pages = {199},
	author = {Kuzmin, Y. V. and Jones, G. A. and Elder, K. L.}
}
@article {2363,
	title = {Analysis of a large hydrochemical data base for the Death Valley region, Nevada and California},
	journal = {Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {75},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 1286},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {309},
	author = {Perfect, D. L. and Steinkampf, W. C. and Turner, A. K.}
}
@article {2373,
	title = {Application of AMS 14C dating to continental margin sediments off Nova Scotia},
	journal = {Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {75},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 1247},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {199},
	author = {Keigwin, L. D. and Jones, G. A.}
}
@article {2367,
	title = {The Application of AMS to Organic Geochemistry--Constraints Imposed by Sample Preparation and Machine Operations},
	journal = {EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {75},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 1798},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {197},
	author = {McNichol, A. P. and von Reden, K. F. and Schneider, R. J. and Jones, G. A.}
}
@article {2376,
	title = {An assessment of the effect of chemical scavenging within hydrothermal plumes upon ocean geochemistry},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {120},
	year = {1994},
	note = {id: 1594},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {361-374},
	author = {Kadko, D.}
}
@article {848,
	title = {Automated Sample Processing at the National Ocean Sciences Ams Facility},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments \& Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {92},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Nv547Times Cited:9Cited References Count:1},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {129-133},
	abstract = {The high throughput and high precision requirements for the NOSAMS facility have made it essential to automate many of the stages in sample processing. These automated procedures increase the sample capacity for the lab while reducing errors in sample preparation. Automation has also allowed sample histories to be recorded and saved in Sybase, a relational data base.},
	issn = {0168-583x},
	doi = {10.1016/0168-583x(94)95991-9},
	author = {Cohen, G. J. and Hutton, D. L. and Osborne, E. A. and vonReden, K. F. and Gagnon, A. R. and McNichol, A. P. and Jones, G. A.}
}
@book {2652,
	title = {AMS Pulse, Supplement 1993},
	year = {1993},
	publisher = {National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	organization = {National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	address = {Woods Hole, MA},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/24698},
	url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1912/24698},
	author = {NOSAMS, /}
}
@book {2648,
	title = {AMS Pulse Vol. 1, No. 4, Spring 1993},
	year = {1993},
	publisher = {National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	organization = {National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	address = {Woods Hole, MA},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/24694},
	url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1912/24694},
	author = {NOSAMS, /}
}
@book {2651,
	title = {AMS Pulse Vol. 2, No. 1, Summer 1993},
	year = {1993},
	publisher = {National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	organization = {National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	address = {Woods Hole, MA},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/24697},
	url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1912/24697},
	author = {NOSAMS, /}
}
@article {2393,
	title = {Ams-Graphite Target Production Methods at the Woods-Hole Oceanographic Institution during 1986-1991},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {35},
	year = {1993},
	note = {Lg927Times Cited:12
Cited References Count:14
},
	month = {1993},
	pages = {301-310},
	abstract = {In July 1986, an AMS radiocarbon target preparation laboratory was established at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution to produce graphite to be analyzed at the NSF-Accelerator Facility for Radioisotope Analysis at the University of Arizona (Tucson). By June 1991, 923 graphite targets had been prepared and 847 analyzed. Our lab procedures during this time included the careful documentation of weights of all starting samples, catalysts and final graphite yields, as well as the volume of CO2 gas evolved during CaCO3 hydrolysis or closed-tube organic carbon combustions. From these data, we evaluate the methods used in general and in our lab.},
	keywords = {accelerator mass-spectrometry, facility, ocean, radiocarbon, samples, sediments},
	isbn = {0033-8222},
	author = {Gagnon, A. R. and Jones, G. A.}
}
@book {1382,
	title = {Abundances and Isotopic Compositions of Carbon and Sulfur Species in Whole Rock and Kerogen Samples},
	series = {The Proterozoic Biosphere},
	year = {1992},
	note = {id: 1599},
	month = {1992},
	pages = {709-798},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	organization = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Strauss, H. and Moore, T. B.},
	editor = {Klein, C. and Klein, C.}
}
@article {2399,
	title = {Accelerator Mass-Spectrometry - Tracking Carbon in the Marine-Environment},
	journal = {Oceanus},
	volume = {35},
	year = {1992},
	note = {Kl777Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0
},
	month = {Win},
	pages = {93-95},
	isbn = {0029-8182},
	author = {Schneider, R. J. and Jones, G. A.}
}
@conference {1558,
	title = {The AMS Accelerator at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution},
	booktitle = {Symposium of North Eastern Accelerator Personnel},
	year = {1992},
	note = {id: 1794},
	month = {1992},
	pages = {63-67},
	publisher = {World Scientific Publishing Co.},
	organization = {World Scientific Publishing Co.},
	address = {Singapore},
	author = {Schneider, R. J. and von Reden, K. F. and Cohen, G. J. and Jones, G. A.},
	editor = {Benson, J.}
}
@book {2650,
	title = {AMS Pulse Vol. 1, No. 3, Winter 1992},
	year = {1992},
	publisher = {National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	organization = {National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	address = {Woods Hole, MA},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/24696},
	url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1912/24696},
	author = {NOSAMS, /}
}
@book {2649,
	title = {AMS Pulse Vol. 1, Nos. 1 and 2, Fall 1992},
	year = {1992},
	publisher = {National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	organization = {National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility},
	address = {Woods Hole, MA},
	doi = {10.1575/1912/24695},
	url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1912/24695},
	author = {NOSAMS, /}
}
@conference {1568,
	title = {Application of AMS to Oceanography: Progress at the National Ocean Sciences AMS Facility (abstract)},
	booktitle = {AMS Symposium Division of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 203rd American Chemical Society National Meeting},
	year = {1992},
	note = {id: 1796},
	month = {1992},
	author = {McNichol, A. P. and Jones, G. A. and Schneider, R. J. and von Reden, K. F.}
}
@conference {1562,
	title = {AMS radiocarbon results obtained from graphite targets produced at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution between 1986 and 1991},
	booktitle = {14th Internation Radiocarbon Conference},
	year = {1991},
	note = {id: 957},
	month = {1991},
	pages = {198},
	address = {Tucson, AZ},
	author = {Gagnon, A. R. and Jones, G. A.}
}
