@article {mayne_baobabs_2022,
	title = {Baobabs at the edge: 90-year dynamics of climate variability, growth, resilience, and evolutionary legacy effects},
	journal = {Frontiers in Forests and Global Change},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2022},
	month = {11/2022},
	abstract = {Climate variability and resilience remain gaps in tree research, challenged by the interacting factors in climate change, long-term resilience and the influence of evolutionary legacy effects. In a multidisciplinary approach using 90-year (1930{\textendash}2020) climate-growth data, we investigated the dynamics of climate variability on growth and resilience of the tropical African baobab (Adansonia digitata) at the range edge in climate-variable, southeast Africa. The main driver of climate variability, ENSO (El Ni{\~n}o-Southern Oscillation), triggered 83\% of droughts exacerbated by positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) events. Growth over 90 years was positively correlated with maximum temperature and increased after the 1976{\textendash}1977 Global Warming Shift. The influence of warming was compromised by climate variability and extreme events. Although growth is a measure of adaptive capacity, accelerated growth over the past 20 years contrasted with dehydration, canopy dieback and a novel Didymella pathogen. Resilience was contingent on high genetic diversity (polyploidy and heterozygosity) and Neotropical legacy effects of stem water storage and longevity trade-offs of low growth, recruitment and reproduction. The evolution of resprouting in disturbed, fire-prone ecosystems and bark regeneration increased recovery from disturbance. As resource opportunists, baobabs adopted a fast-slow survival strategy. Rainfall and warming enhanced growth while low and variable rainfall favoured a conservative, low growth-higher survival strategy. Low rainfall, climate extremes and topography increased mortality risk. Mortality was higher at lower elevations on site and regionally. Low growth may conserve the baobab in climate warming but the southern hemisphere tropics is one of two identified global hotspots with amplified hot years. The heightened disturbance predicted from increased climate variability, hot droughts and landfalling tropical cyclones magnifies mortality risk for {\textquotedblleft}Africa{\textquoteright}s favourite tree.{\textquotedblright}},
	issn = {2624-893X},
	doi = {10.3389/ffgc.2022.1036636},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2022.1036636},
	author = {Mayne, Diana H. and Karimi, Nisa and Cruywagen, Elsie M. and Cole, Patrick and Goodall, Victoria}
}
@article {2956,
	title = {Black carbon and organic carbon dataset over the Third Pole},
	journal = {Earth System Science Data},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2022},
	month = {Jan-01-2022},
	pages = {683 - 707},
	abstract = {Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings, also known as the Third Pole, play an important role in the global and regional climate and hydrological cycle. Carbonaceous aerosols (CAs), including black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC), can directly or indirectly absorb and scatter solar radiation and change the energy balance on the Earth. CAs, along with the other atmospheric pollutants (e.g., mercury), can be frequently transported over long distances into the inland Tibetan Plateau. During the last decades, a coordinated monitoring network and research program named {\textquotedblleft}Atmospheric Pollution and Cryospheric Changes{\textquotedblright} (APCC) has been gradually set up and continuously operated within the Third Pole regions to investigate the linkage between atmospheric pollutants and cryospheric changes. This paper presents a systematic dataset of BC, OC, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) from aerosols (20 stations), glaciers (17 glaciers, including samples from surface snow and ice, snow pits, and 2 ice cores), snow cover (2 stations continuously observed and 138 locations surveyed once), precipitation (6 stations), and lake sediment cores (7 lakes) collected across the Third Pole, based on the APCC program. These data were created based on online (in situ) and laboratory measurements. High-resolution (daily scale) atmospheric-equivalent BC concentrations were obtained by using an Aethalometer (AE-33) in the Mt. Everest (Qomolangma) region, which can provide new insight into the mechanism of BC transportation over the Himalayas. Spatial distributions of BC, OC, WSOC, and WIOC from aerosols, glaciers, snow cover, and precipitation indicated different features among the different regions of the Third Pole, which were mostly influenced by emission sources, transport pathways, and deposition processes. Historical records of BC from ice cores and lake sediment cores revealed the strength of the impacts of human activity since the Industrial Revolution. BC isotopes from glaciers and aerosols identified the relative contributions of biomass and fossil fuel combustion to BC deposition on the Third Pole. Mass absorption cross sections of BC and WSOC from aerosol, glaciers, snow cover, and precipitation samples were also provided. This updated dataset is released to the scientific communities focusing on atmospheric science, cryospheric science, hydrology, climatology, and environmental science. The related datasets are presented in the form of excel files. BC and OC datasets over the Third Pole are available to download from the National Cryosphere Desert Data Center (https://doi.org/10.12072/ncdc.NIEER.db0114.2021; Kang and Zhang, 2021).},
	doi = {10.5194/essd-14-683-2022},
	url = {https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/14/683/2022/},
	author = {Kang, Shichang and Zhang, Yulan and Chen, Pengfei and Guo, Junming and Zhang, Qianggong and Cong, Zhiyuan and Kaspari, Susan and Tripathee, Lekhendra and Gao, Tanguang and Niu, Hewen and Zhong, Xinyue and Chen, Xintong and Hu, Zhaofu and Li, Xiaofei and Li, Yang and Neupane, Bigyan and Yan, Fangping and Rupakheti, Dipesh and Gul, Chaman and Zhang, Wei and Wu, Guangming and Yang, Ling and Wang, Zhaoqing and Li, Chaoliu}
}
@article {2947,
	title = {BOMB-PRODUCED RADIOCARBON ACROSS THE SOUTH PACIFIC GYRE{\textemdash}A NEW RECORD FROM AMERICAN SAMOA WITH UTILITY FOR FISHERIES SCIENCEABSTRACT},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-12-2021},
	pages = {1591 - 1605},
	abstract = {Coral skeletal structures can provide a robust record of nuclear bomb produced 14C with valuable insight into air-sea exchange processes and water movement with applications to fisheries science. To expand these records in the South Pacific, a coral core from Tutuila Island, American Samoa was dated with density band counting covering a 59-yr period (1953{\textendash}2012). Seasonal signals in elemental ratios (Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca) and stable carbon (δ13C) values across the coral core corroborated the well-defined annual band structure and highlighted an ocean climate shift from the 1997{\textendash}1998 El Ni{\~n}o. The American Samoa coral 14C measurements were consistent with other regional records but included some notable differences across the South Pacific Gyre (SPG) at Fiji, Rarotonga, and Easter Island that can be attributed to decadal ocean climate cycles, surface residence times and proximity to the South Equatorial Current. An analysis of the post-peak 14C decline associated with each coral record indicated 14C levels are beginning to merge for the SPG. This observation, coupled with otolith measurements from American Samoa, reinforces the perspective that bomb 14C dating can be performed on fishes and other marine organisms of the region using the post-peak 14C decline to properly inform fisheries management in the South Pacific.},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2021.51},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033822221000515},
	author = {Andrews, Allen H and Prouty, Nancy G and Cheriton, Olivia M}
}
@article {2675,
	title = {Biomass-Derived Provenance Dominates Glacial Surface Organic Carbon in the Western HimalayaBiomass-Derived Provenance Dominates Glacial Surface Organic Carbon in the Western Himalaya},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Sep-07-2021},
	pages = {8612 - 8621},
	abstract = {The origin, transport pathway, and spatial variability of total organic carbon (OC) in the western Himalayan glaciers are poorly understood compared to those of black carbon (BC) and dust, but it is critically important to evaluate the climatic role of OC in the region. By applying the distribution of OC activation energy; C-14 activity; and radiogenic isotopes of Pb-208/Pb-204, (207)pb/(204)pb and (206)pb/Pb-204 in glacial debris and atmospheric particulate matter (PM10 size fraction), we demonstrate that 98.3 +/- 1.6 and 1.7 +/- 1.6\% of OC in western Himalayan glaciers are derived from biomass and petrogenic sources, respectively. The (delta C-13 and N/C composition indicates that the biomass is a complex mixture of C3 vegetation and autochthonous photoautotrophic input modified by heterotrophic microbial activity. The data set reveals that the studied western Himalayan glacier has negligible contributions from fossil-fuel- derived particles, which contrasts to the central and eastern Himalayan glaciers that have significant contributions from fossil fuel sources. We show that this spatial variability of OC sources relates to regional differences in air mass transport pathways and precipitation regimes over the Himalaya. Moreover, our observation suggests that biomass-derived carbon could be the only primary driver of carbon-induced glacier melting in the western Himalaya.},
	keywords = {; MASS BALANCES, AEROSOLS, ALBEDO REDUCTION, ATMOSPHERIC LEAD, BLACK CARBON, DUST TRANSPOR, isotopic composition, PB, SNOW ALBEDO, TIBETAN PLATEAU},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/acs.est.0c0271010.1021/acs.est.0c02710.s001},
	url = {https://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\&SrcApp=search\&SrcAuth=Alerting\&SID=8Aqj2WiW4A71bymjSli\&customersID=Alerting\&mode=FullRecord\&IsProductCode=Yes\&AlertId=ab9062f8-b111-4f95-},
	author = {Nizam, Sarwar and Sen, Indra S. and Vinoj, Velu and Galy, Valier and Selby, David and Azam, Mohammad F. and Pandey, Satyendra K. and Creaser, Robert A. and Agarwal, Avinash K. and Singh, Akhilendra P. and Bizimis, Michael}
}
@article {2879,
	title = {Biosignatures Associated with Freshwater Microbialites},
	journal = {Life},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-05-2020},
	pages = {66},
	abstract = {Freshwater microbialites (i.e., lithifying microbial mats) are quite rare in northern latitudes of the North American continent, with two lakes (Pavilion and Kelly Lakes) of southeastern BC containing a morphological variety of such structures. We investigated Kelly Lake microbialites using carbon isotope systematics, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and quantitative PCR to obtain biosignatures associated with microbial metabolism. δ13CDIC values (mean δ13CDIC -4.9 {\textpm} 1.1‱, n = 8) were not in isotopic equilibrium with the atmosphere; however, they do indicate 13C-depleted inorganic carbon into Kelly Lake. The values of carbonates on microbialite surfaces (δ13C) fell within the range predicted for equilibrium precipitation from ambient lake water δ13CDIC (-2.2 to -5.3‱). Deep microbialites (26 m) had an enriched δ13Ccarb value of -0.3 {\textpm} 0.5‱, which is a signature of photoautotrophy. The deeper microbialites (>20 m) had higher biomass estimates (via PLFAs), and a greater relative abundance of cyanobacteria (measured by 16S copies via qPCR). The majority of PLFAs constituted monounsaturated and saturated PLFAs, which is consistent with gram-negative bacteria, including cyanobacteria. The central PLFA δ13C values were highly depleted (-9.3 to -15.7‱) relative to δ13C values of bulk organic matter, suggesting a predominance of photoautotrophy. A heterotrophic signature was also detected via the depleted iso- and anteiso-15:0 lipids (-3.2 to -5.2‱). Based on our carbonate isotopic biosignatures, PLFA, and qPCR measurements, photoautotrophy is enriched in the microbialites of Kelly Lake. This photoautotrophy enrichment is consistent with the microbialites of neighboring Pavilion Lake. This indication of photoautotrophy within Kelly Lake at its deepest depths raises new insights into the limits of measurable carbonate isotopic biosignatures under light and nutrient limitations. },
	keywords = {Biosignatures, Kelly Lake, microbialites, Pavilion Lake},
	doi = {10.3390/life10050066},
	url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32429118/},
	author = {White, Richard Allen and Soles, Sarah A. and Brady, Allyson L. and Southam, Gordon and Lim, Darlene S.S. and Slater, Greg F.}
}
@article {2662,
	title = {Baobabs in Trouble: Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Provides Ages of the Most Ancient Trees},
	year = {2019},
	url = {https://gallery.mailchimp.com/63e42c583930d9f7a8b637982/files/edd75706-1040-436f-ada1-ba42a1800b8e/Baobab.pdf},
	author = {Gledhill, I.}
}
@article {2679,
	title = {Bigmouth Buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus sets freshwater teleost record as improved age analysis reveals centenarian longevity},
	journal = {Communications Biology},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-12-2019},
	abstract = {Understanding the age structure and population dynamics of harvested species is crucial for sustainability, especially in fisheries. The Bigmouth Buffalo (Ictiobus cyprinellus) is a fish endemic to the Mississippi and Hudson Bay drainages. A valued food-fish for centuries, they are now a prized sportfish as night bowfishing has become a million-dollar industry in the past decade. All harvest is virtually unregulated and unstudied, and Bigmouth Buffalo are declining while little is known about their biology. Using thin-sectioned otoliths and bomb-radiocarbon dating, we find Bigmouth Buffalo can reach 112 years of age, more than quadrupling previous longevity estimates, making this the oldest known freshwater teleost (~12,000 species). We document numerous populations that are comprised largely (85-90\%) of individuals over 80 years old, suggesting long-term recruitment failure since dam construction in the 1930s. Our findings indicate Bigmouth Buffalo require urgent attention, while other understudied fishes may be threatened by similar ecological neglect.},
	keywords = {Ageing, Conservation biology, Freshwater ecology, Ichthyology},
	doi = {10.1038/s42003-019-0452-0},
	url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31149641/},
	author = {Lackmann, Alec R. and Andrews, Allen H. and Butler, Malcolm G. and Bielak-Lackmann, Ewelina S. and Clark, Mark E.}
}
@article {2876,
	title = {Bomb Radiocarbon Age Validation of Warsaw Grouper and Snowy Grouper},
	journal = {Fisheries},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Aug-11-2020},
	pages = {524 - 533},
	abstract = {Current stock assessments for both the Warsaw Grouper Hyporthodus nigritus and the Snowy Grouper H. niveatus are based on age-structured population models determined using traditional otolith-based aging techniques. However, recent studies using bomb radiocarbon validation have shown that many deepwater fishes live much longer than previously estimated when relying on conventional age determination methods. In this study, we conducted bomb radiocarbon age validations of Warsaw Grouper and Snowy Grouper from the Gulf of Mexico. Radiocarbon age validation supported annual growth increment formation for all Warsaw Grouper size classes and medium-sized Snowy Grouper. Conversely, ages of larger, older Snowy Grouper were greatly underestimated due to difficulty in discriminating annuli. This bomb radiocarbon analysis validates a minimum 56-year longevity for both Warsaw Grouper and Snowy Grouper, increasing the currently published longevities of 41 and 54 years, respectively.},
	issn = {0363-2415},
	doi = {10.1002/fsh.v44.1110.1002/fsh.10291},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15488446/44/11},
	author = {Sanchez, Phillip J. and Pinsky, Jeffrey P. and Rooker, Jay R.}
}
@article {2624,
	title = {A base-level stratigraphic approach to determining Holocene subsidence of the Ganges-Meghna-Brahmaputra Delta plain},
	journal = {EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS},
	volume = {499},
	year = {2018},
	month = {10/01/2018},
	pages = {23-36},
	chapter = {23},
	abstract = {Relative sea level history, which is the result of the combined effects of land subsidence, sediment supply and absolute sea level history may be reconstructed from preserved sediment thicknesses. However, variations in the preserved sediment thicknesses between different sedimentary environments strongly limit the accuracy of this type of
geological approach, particularly in fluvial channelized systems, such as delta plains. To address this, we apply three different and independent stratigraphic approaches to the case of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta (GBMD). Our approach has been made possible by a broad dataset of geological archives we have collected, which includes more than 400 hand-drilled stratigraphic wells, 198 radiocarbon ages, and river seismic reflection data (255 km of high-resolution multichannel seismic images). The seaward gradient of accommodation and the limit of the subsiding delta plain are estimated, assuming that the delta is near or at the base-level, which is considered to be the relative sea-level. First, a statistical analysis of the variability of preserved sediment thicknesses is used to derive the average pattern of accommodation from the Holocene isopach.
Secondly, the preserved sediment thicknesses are analyzed by geomorphotectonic domains to estimate an average pattern of accommodation. Thirdly, the burial history of the seismically imaged last glacial incision of the Brahmaputra River is reconstructed. Results suggest that the variability of preserved sediment thicknesses can be up to 35\% in a delta plain between river channel and flood plain deposits for the same relative sea-level history. Taking this variability into consideration, the Holocene relative sea-level history of the GBMD and the most likely pattern of subsidence are determined. Results provide evidence of moderate Holocene subsidence over the delta, gently increasing seaward from <0.2 mm/yr landward of the Hinge Zone, which can be considered as the northern limit of the subsiding delta plain, to 2 {\textpm} 0.7 mm/yr in the middle fluvial delta to 4 {\textpm} 1.4 mm/yr in the lower tidal delta. This enables us to construct the first millennial-scale map of subsidence pattern on the GBMD in which uncertainties on subsidence rates are provided. This map may aid in evaluating the negative impact that human modification may have on subsidence and relative sea level in the GBMD, and thereby help to determine better sustainable coastal management practices for the GBMD and other large delta plains.},
	keywords = {base level stratigraphic method, delta plain, Ganges{\textendash}Brahmaputra{\textendash}Meghna Delta, indicative meaning of sea level index, relative sea level, subsidence},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	author = {Grall, C and Steckler, MS and Pickering, JL and Goodbred, S}
}
@article {2623,
	title = {A base-level stratigraphic approach to determining Holocene subsidence of the Ganges{\textendash}Meghna{\textendash}Brahmaputra Delta plain},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {499},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-10-2018},
	pages = {23 - 36},
	abstract = {Relative sea level history, which is the result of the combined effects of land subsidence, sediment supply and absolute sea level history may be reconstructed from preserved sediment thicknesses. However, variations in the preserved sediment thicknesses between different sedimentary environments strongly limit the accuracy of this type of geological approach, particularly in fluvial channelized systems, such as delta plains. To address this, we apply three different and independent stratigraphic approaches to the case of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta (GBMD). Our approach has been made possible by a broad dataset of geological archives we have collected, which includes more than 400 hand-drilled stratigraphic wells, 198 radiocarbon ages, and river seismic reflection data (255 km of high-resolution multichannel seismic images). The seaward gradient of accommodation and the limit of the subsiding delta plain are estimated, assuming that the delta is near or at the base-level, which is considered to be the relative sea-level. First, a statistical analysis of the variability of preserved sediment thicknesses is used to derive the average pattern of accommodation from the Holocene isopach. Secondly, the preserved sediment thicknesses are analyzed by geomorphotectonic domains to estimate an average pattern of accommodation. Thirdly, the burial history of the seismically imaged last glacial incision of the Brahmaputra River is reconstructed. Results suggest that the variability of preserved sediment thicknesses can be up to 35\% in a delta plain between river channel and flood plain deposits for the same relative sea-level history. Taking this variability into consideration, the Holocene relative sea-level history of the GBMD and the most likely pattern of subsidence are determined. Results provide evidence of moderate Holocene subsidence over the delta, gently increasing seaward from <0.2 mm/yr landward of the Hinge Zone, which can be considered as the northern limit of the subsiding delta plain, to 2 +/- 0.7 mm/yr in the middle fluvial delta to 4 +/- 1.4 mm/yr in the lower tidal delta. This enables us to construct the first millennial-scale map of subsidence pattern on the GBMD in which uncertainties on subsidence rates are provided. This map may aid in evaluating the negative impact that human modification may have on subsidence and relative sea level in the GBMD, and thereby help to determine better sustainable coastal management practices for the GBMD and other large delta plains. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.},
	keywords = {base level stratigraphic method, delta plain, Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta, indicative meaning of sea level index, relative sea level, subsidence},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.008},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X1830414X},
	author = {Grall, C. and Steckler, M.S. and Pickering, J.L. and Goodbred, S. and Sincavage, R. and Paola, C. and Akhter, S.H. and Spiess, V.}
}
@article {2730,
	title = {Bathyal records of enhanced silicate erosion and weathering on the exposed Luzon shelf during glacial lowstands and their significance for atmospheric CO2 sink},
	journal = {Chemical Geology},
	volume = {476},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-01-2018},
	pages = {302 - 315},
	abstract = {We present a new high-resolution multiproxy data set of mass accumulation rates, Sr-Nd isotopes, as well as major and trace elements for the siliciclastic sediment fraction from International Marine Global Change Study Core MD06-3052, located on the continental slope of the western Philippine Sea. We integrate our new data with published grain sizes and sea surface temperatures from the same core, as well as with Equatorial Pacific sea level, and East Asian summer monsoon precipitation, in order to constrain at high-resolution changes in physical erosion and chemical weathering intensities on Luzon, and sediment source-to-sink processes. We assess the potential significance of chemical weathering of arc silicates in regulating global atmospheric CO2 since 156 kyr BP. Sr-Nd isotopes show that the siliciclastic sediments were dominantly sourced from volcanic rocks exposed on Luzon (~ 68{\textendash}100\%), with a lesser contribution from Asian dust (~ 0{\textendash}32\%). Different indices indicate that stronger physical erosion and chemical weathering occurred during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 (130{\textendash}156 kyr BP), as well as in the latter stage of MIS 3 and MIS 2 (14{\textendash}40 kyr BP). The large sea-level lowstands and associated significant exposure of continental shelf in the western Philippine Sea during these two cold periods should favor physical erosion and chemical weathering of unconsolidated sediments on the exposed shelf. Furthermore, we notice the relatively good coherence between chemical weathering intensities on Luzon and global atmospheric CO2 concentrations over these cold intervals. We suggest that strengthening of chemical weathering of silicates on Luzon and other tropical arcs (within 20{\textdegree} of the Equator) during the Quaternary glacial sea-level lowstands may significantly contribute to the lowering of atmospheric CO2 concentrations during ice ages. We estimate that a significant fraction, up to ~ 16\% (i.e., ~ 8 ppmv), of all atmospheric CO2 ultimately sequestered by silicate weathering may be processed through an area corresponding to only ~ 1\% of the exorheic drainage area worldwide.},
	keywords = {Atmospheric CO2 concentration, Chemical weathering, East Asian summer monsoon, sea level, Western Philippine Sea},
	issn = {00092541},
	doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.11.027},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009254117306587},
	author = {Xu, Zhaokai and Li, Tiegang and Clift, Peter D. and Wan, Shiming and Qiu, Xiaohua and Lim, Dhongil}
}
@article {2633,
	title = {Blue marlin ( <i>Makaira nigricans</i>               ) longevity estimates confirmed with bomb radiocarbon dating},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-01-2018},
	pages = {17 - 25},
	abstract = {The longevity of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) remains unresolved. The use of fin spines and sagittal otoliths for age reading has led to unconfirmed longevity estimates near 20-30 years. Age validation has been elusive because large individuals are uncommonly caught, and a technique that can be applied to structures that provide estimates of age was absent. The use of otolith chemical signatures has been limited by sagittal otoliths that are very small-whole otolith mass of adult blue marlin rarely exceeds 10 mg for the largest fish. Recent advances in the detection limits of radiocarbon (14C) with accelerator mass spectrometry-coupled with recently acquired knowledge of marine bomb 14C signals spanning the tropical Pacific Ocean-have led to an opportunity to age blue marlin from small amounts of otolith material. In this study, otoliths from a recently collected 1245 lb (565 kg) female blue marlin at a measured 146-inch (371 cm) lower jaw fork length were analyzed for 14C. Estimated longevity was either 12-21 or 32-44 years on the basis of bomb 14C dating. Using multiple lines of evidence, it was determined that the young age scenario was most likely, with evidence for an age close to 20 years using a series of deductions in the bomb 14C dating method.},
	keywords = {Accelerator mass spectrometry, Biology, Blue marlin, Ecology, Fish measurement, FisheryLongevity, Otolith, Radiocarbon dating},
	issn = {0706-652X},
	doi = {10.1139/cjfas-2017-0031},
	url = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0031http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0031http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/full-xml/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0031},
	author = {Andrews, Allen H. and Humphreys, Robert L. and Sampaga, Jeffery D.}
}
@article {2897,
	title = {Breaching of Mustang Island in response to the 8.2 ka sea-level event and impact on Corpus Christi Bay, Gulf of Mexico: Implications for future coastal change},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jun-01-2020},
	pages = {166 - 172},
	abstract = {The results from an investigation of the coupled Mustang Island{\textendash}Corpus Christi Bay complex, Gulf of Mexico, shows that the island was eliminated as an effective salinity barrier between 8.86 and 8.17 ka. This event is recorded by a 5-fold increase in dinoflagellate cysts within Corpus Christi Bay. During this time, the bay-head delta shifted 15 km landward and oyster reefs within the bay died off. Our age model indicates that this event most likely resulted from the most rapid period of eustatic rise of the Holocene, which peaked at 8.18{\textendash}8.31 ka. This event is attributed to late-stage ice sheet disintegration, particularly in North America, by the rapid draining of Lake Agassiz{\textendash}Ojibway. Local glacial-isostatic factors resulted in a sea-level rise of only 0.2{\textendash}0.56 m in the western Gulf of Mexico, which was less than needed to submerge the barrier. Rather, it was the marked nature of this sea-level rise that led to the virtual destruction of Mustang Island as an effective salinity barrier. These results provide an analog for predicting coastal morphodynamic response to accelerated sea-level rise and emphasize the need for better understanding of barrier response to sea-level rise and developing improved numerical models for predicting future changes to coastal barrier shorelines.},
	keywords = {barrier island, dinoflagellates, Gulf of Mexico, Holocene, North America, Sea-level changes},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683617715697},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683617715697},
	author = {Ferguson, Shannon and Warny, Sophie and Anderson, John B and Simms, Alexander R and White, Crawford}
}
@article {Kim201733,
	title = {Biogeochemical properties of sinking particles in the southwestern part of the East Sea (Japan Sea)},
	journal = {Journal of Marine Systems},
	volume = {167},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {33 - 42},
	abstract = {Abstract This study investigates the biological pump system in the East Sea (Japan Sea) by conducting an analysis of the total particle flux, biogenic material composition, and carbon isotope ratios of sinking particles. The samples were collected for one year starting from March 2011 using time-series sediment traps deployed at depths of 1040 m and 2280 m on bottom-tethered mooring at Station \{EC1\} (37.33{\textdegree}N, 131.45{\textdegree}E; 2300 m water depth) in the Ulleung Basin (UB), southwestern part of the East Sea. The temporal variation in the particulate organic carbon (POC) flux at 1000 m shows a good relationship with the primary production in the corresponding surface water. The ratio of \{POC\} flux at 1000 m to satellite-based primary production in the corresponding region in the \{UB\} was ~ 3\%, which is comparable to the values of 2 to 5\% estimated from previous studies of other part of the East Sea. The lithogenic material accounted for \&gt; 17\% of the sinking particles at 1000 m and for a larger fraction of 40 to 60\% at 2280 m. The radiocarbon contents of the sinking \{POC\} at both trap depths imply the additional supply of aged POC, with a much greater contribution at 2280 m. Overall, the particle flux in the deep interior of the East Sea appears to be controlled by the supply of complex sources, including aeolian input, the lateral supply of resuspended sediments, and biological production in the surface water.},
	keywords = {East Sea (Japan Sea)},
	issn = {0924-7963},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.11.001},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924796316303608},
	author = {Minkyoung Kim and Jeomshik Hwang and TaeKeun Rho and Tongsup Lee and Dong-Jin Kang and Kyung-Il Chang and Suyun Noh and HuiTae Joo and Jung Hyun Kwak and Chang-Keun Kang and Kyung-Ryul Kim}
}
@article {2602,
	title = {Biological and physical controls on the flux and characteristics of sinking particles on the Northwest Atlantic margin},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans},
	volume = {122},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-06-2017},
	pages = {4539 - 4553},
	abstract = {Biogenic matter characteristics and radiocarbon contents of organic carbon (OC) were examined on sinking particle samples intercepted at
three nominal depths of 1000 m, 2000 m, and 3000 m (similar to 50 m above the seafloor) during a 3 year sediment trap program on the New England slope in the Northwest Atlantic. We have sought to characterize the sources of sinking particles in the context of vertical export of biogenic particles from the overlying water column and lateral supply of resuspended sediment particles from adjacent margin sediments. High aluminum (Al) abundances and low OC radiocarbon contents indicated contributions from resuspended sediment which was greatest at 3000 m but also significant at shallower depths. The benthic source (i.e., laterally supplied resuspended sediment) of opal appears negligible based on the absence of a correlation with Al fluxes. In comparison, CaCO3 fluxes at 3000 m showed a positive correlation with Al fluxes. Benthic sources accounted for 42 similar to 63\% of the sinking particle flux based on radiocarbon mass balance and the relationship between Al flux and CaCO3 flux. Episodic pulses of Al at 3000 m were significantly correlated with the near-bottom current at a nearby hydrographic mooring site, implying the importance of current variability in lateral particle transport. However, Al fluxes at 1000 m and 2000 m were coherent but differed from those at 3000 m, implying more than one mode of lateral supply of particles in the water column.},
	doi = {10.1002/jgrc.v122.610.1002/2016JC012549},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jgrc.v122.6http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016JC012549http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/2016JC012549/fullpdfhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2F2016JC012549},
	author = {Hwang, Jeomshik and Manganini, Steven J. and Park, JongJin and {\c c}on, Daniel B. and Toole, John M. and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {Cui2016238,
	title = {Biospheric and petrogenic organic carbon flux along southeast Alaska},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {452},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {238 - 246},
	abstract = {Abstract Holocene fjords store ca. 11{\textendash}12\% of the total organic carbon (OC) buried in marine sediments with fjords along southeast (SE) Alaska possibly storing half of this \{OC\} (Smith et al., 2015). However, the respective burial of biospheric (OCbio) and petrogenic \{OC\} (OCpetro) remains poorly constrained, particularly across glaciated versus non-glaciated systems. Here, we use surface sediment samples to quantify the sources and burial of sedimentary \{OC\} along \{SE\} Alaska fjord-coastal systems, and conduct a latitudinal comparison across a suite of fjords and river-coastal systems with distinctive \{OC\} sources. Our results for \{SE\} Alaska show that surface sediments in northern fjords (north of Icy Strait) with headwater glaciers are dominated by OCpetro, in contrast to marine and terrestrially-derived fresh \{OC\} in non-glaciated southern fjords. Along the continental shelf of the Gulf of Alaska, terrestrial \{OC\} is exported from rivers. Using end-member mixing models, we determine that glaciated fjords have significantly higher burial rates of \{OCpetro\} ( \~{} 1.1 {\texttimes} 10 3 ~ g \{OC\} ~ m - 2 yr - 1 ) than non-glaciated fjords and other coastal systems, making \{SE\} Alaska potentially the largest sink of \{OCpetro\} in North America. In contrast, non-glaciated fjords in \{SE\} Alaska are effective in burying marine \{OC\} (OCbio-mari) (13{\textendash}82 g  \{OC\} ~ m - 2 yr - 1 ). Globally, \{OC\} in fjord sediments are comprised of a mixture of \{OCpetro\} and fresh OCbio, in contrast to the pre-aged \{OC\} from floodplain river-coastal systems. We find that there may be a general latitudinal trend in the role of fjords in processing OC, where high-latitude temperate glacial fjords (e.g., Yakutat Bay, \{SE\} Alaska) rebury \{OCpetro\} and non-glacial mid-latitude fjords (e.g., Doubtful Sound, Fiordland) sequester \{CO2\} from phytoplankton and/or temperate forests. Overall, we propose that fjords are effective in sequestering \{OCbio\} and re-burying OCpetro. Based on our study, we hypothesize that climate change will have a semi-predictable impact on fjords{\textquoteright} \{OC\} cycling in the near future.},
	keywords = {glaciers},
	issn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.08.002},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X16304162},
	author = {Xingqian Cui and Thomas S. Bianchi and John M. Jaeger and Richard W. Smith}
}
@article {2578,
	title = {Bomb Radiocarbon and the Hawaiian Archipelago: Coral, Otoliths, and SeawaterAbstract},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-09-2016},
	pages = {531 - 548},
	abstract = {Corals of the Hawaiian Archipelago are well situated in the North Pacific Gyre (NPG) to record how bomb-produced radiocarbon has been sequestered and transported by the sea. While this signal can be traced accurately through time in reef-building corals and used to infer oceanographic processes and determine the ages of marine organisms, a comprehensive and validated record has been lacking for the Hawaiian Archipelago. In this study, a coral core from Kure Atoll in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands was used to create a high-resolution bomb 14C record for the years 1939{\textendash}2002, and was then used with other 14C measurements in fish otoliths and seawater to explore differences and similarities in the bomb 14C signal throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago. The Kure Atoll sample series produced a well-defined bomb 14C curve that, with some exceptions, was similar to other coral 14C records from the Hawaiian Archipelago. Subtle differences in the coral 14C records across the region may be explained by the large-scale ocean circulation patterns and decadal cycles of the NPG. The most rapid increase of 14C, in the 1950s and 1960s, showed similar timing across the Hawaiian Archipelago and provides a robust basis for use of bomb 14C dating to obtain high-precision age determinations of marine organisms. Reference otoliths of juvenile fish demonstrated the use of the post-peak 14C decline period as a viable reference in the age validation of younger and more recently collected fishes, and effectively extended the utility of bomb 14C dating to the latest 30 yr.},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2016.32},
	url = {dx.doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2016.32},
	author = {Andrews, Allen H and Siciliano, Daria and Potts, Donald C and DeMartini, Edward E and Covarrubias, Stephannie}
}
@article { ISI:000386912700056,
	title = {Bomb-produced radiocarbon in the western tropical Pacific Ocean: Guam coral reveals operation-specific signals from the Pacific Proving Grounds},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS},
	volume = {121},
	number = {{8}},
	year = {2016},
	month = {AUG},
	pages = {6351-6366},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {High-resolution radiocarbon (C-14) analyses on a coral core extracted from Guam, a western tropical Pacific island, revealed a series of early bomb-produced C-14 spikes. The typical marine bomb C-14 signal-phase lagged and attenuated relative to atmospheric records-is present in the coral and is consistent with other regional coral records. However, C-14 levels well above what can be attributed to air-sea diffusion alone punctuate this pattern. This anomaly was observed in other Indo-Pacific coral records, but the Guam record is unmatched in magnitude and temporal resolution. The Guam coral Delta C-14 record provided three spikes in 1954-1955, 1956-1957, and 1958-1959 that are superimposed on a normal C-14 record. Relative to mean prebomb levels, the first peak rises an incredible similar to 700 parts per thousand and remained elevated for similar to 1.2 years. A follow up assay with finer resolution increased the peak by similar to 300 parts per thousand. Subsequent spikes were less intense with a rise of similar to 35 and similar to 70 parts per thousand. Each can be linked to thermonuclear testing in the Pacific Proving Grounds at Bikini and Enewetak atolls in Operations Castle (1954), Redwing (1956), and Hardtack I (1958). These C-14 signals can be explained by vaporization of coral reef material in the nuclear fireball, coupled with neutron activation of atmospheric nitrogen (C-14 production), and subsequent absorption of (CO2)-C-14 to form particulate carbonates of close-in fallout. The lag time in reaching Guam and other coral records abroad was tied to ocean surface currents and modeling provided validation of C-14 arrival observations.},
	issn = {2169-9275},
	doi = {10.1002/2016JC012043},
	author = {Andrews, A.H. and Asami, Ryuji and Iryu, Yasufumi and Kobayashi, Donald R. and Camacho, Frank}
}
@article {29,
	title = {Bayesian 14C analysis, formation processes, and accumulation rates of the Prisoners Harbor shell midden and village complex, Santa Cruz Island, California},
	journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {257-264},
	abstract = {The Prisoners Harbor site (CA-SCRI-240), one of the largest sites on California{\textquoteright}s Channel Islands and the likely location of the Chumash village Xaxas, played a key role in regional models of emergent complexity and culture contact. Despite substantial excavation at the site, published research has focused on the most recent 500 years of the site{\textquoteright}s occupation, with comparatively little attention given to the 2{\textendash}3 millennia preceding this. Here we focus on the formation and chronology of CA-SCRI-240 by presenting a Bayesian analysis of 36 radiocarbon dates from throughout the site{\textquoteright}s occupation. Comparing three suites of radiocarbon dates, we provide a revised chronology for CA-SCRI-240 and examine site formation processes, sediment deposition rates, and the implications our study holds for reconciling older radiometric dates with large analytical errors and higher precision accelerator mass spectrometry dates. Our analysis suggests that the earliest site occupation was 2750 cal BP, roughly 2000 years later than previously presumed. Sedimentation rates vary throughout the 5.7 m sequence. Deposits for the first 1000 years accumulated slowly followed by relative increase in accumulation rates in the uppermost occupation levels dating to historic times. Our study demonstrates the importance of Bayesian analysis for improving radiocarbon chronologies for large, multi-component sites.},
	issn = {2352-409X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.06.022},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352409X15300420},
	author = {Jew, Nicholas P. and Rick, Torben C. and Glassow, Michael A. and Arnold, Jeanne E.}
}
@article {25,
	title = {Beach ridges as paleoseismic indicators of abrupt coastal subsidence during subduction zone earthquakes, and implications for Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone paleoseismology, southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska},
	journal = {Megathrust Earthquakes and Sea-level Change: a Tribute to George Plafker},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {147-158},
	abstract = {The Kenai section of the eastern Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone straddles two areas of high slip in the 1964 great Alaska earthquake and is the least studied of the three megathrust segments (Kodiak, Kenai, Prince William Sound) that ruptured in 1964. Investigation of two coastal sites in the eastern part of the Kenai segment, on the southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula, identified evidence for two subduction zone earthquakes that predate the 1964 earthquake. Both coastal sites provide paleoseismic data through inferred coseismic subsidence of wetlands and associated subsidence-induced erosion of beach ridges. At Verdant Cove, paleo-beach ridges record the paleoseismic history; whereas at Quicksand Cove, buried soils in drowned coastal wetlands are the primary indicators of paleoearthquake occurrence and age. The timing of submergence and death of trees mark the oldest earthquake at Verdant Cove that is consistent with the age of a well documented \~{}900-year-ago subduction zone earthquake that ruptured the Prince William Sound segment of the megathrust to the east and the Kodiak segment to the west. Soils buried within the last 400{\textendash}450 years mark the penultimate earthquake on the southeast coast of the Kenai Peninsula. The penultimate earthquake probably occurred before AD 1840 from its absence in Russian historical accounts. The penultimate subduction zone earthquake on the Kenai segment did not rupture in conjunction with the Prince William Sound to the northeast. Therefore the Kenai segment, which is presently creeping, can rupture independently of the adjacent Prince William Sound segment that is presently locked.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.01.006},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379115000220},
	author = {Kelsey, Harvey M. and Witter, Robert C. and Engelhart, Simon E. and Briggs, Richard and Nelson, Alan and Haeussler, Peter and Corbett, D. Reide}
}
@article {118,
	title = {Bomb radiocarbon dating of the endangered white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni): investigations of age, growth and lifespan},
	journal = {Marine and Freshwater Research},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2351; PT: J; TC: 0; UT: WOS:000326166400004},
	pages = {1029-1039},
	abstract = {Understanding basic life-history characteristics of white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni), such as estimated lifespan, is critical to making informed decisions regarding the recovery of this endangered species. All predictive modelling tools used to forecast the status and health of populations following restoration activities depend on a validated estimate of adult lifespan. Of the seven Haliotis species in California, white abalone is considered to have the highest extinction risk and was the first marine invertebrate listed as an endangered species under the Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). Lifespan was previously estimated from observations of early growth; however, no study has generated ages for the largest white abalone. To address questions of age and growth, bomb radiocarbon (C-14) dating was used on shells from large white abalone. Measured bomb C-14 levels were compared to regional C-14 reference records to provide estimates of age, growth and lifespan. Bomb radiocarbon dating indicated that growth was variable among individuals, with a maximum estimated age of 27 years. The findings presented here provide support for previous age and growth estimates and an estimated lifespan near 30 years. These age data support the perception of a critical need for restoring the remnant aging and potentially senescent population.},
	issn = {1323-1650},
	doi = {10.1071/MF13007},
	author = {Andrews, Allen H. and Leaf, Robert T. and Rogers-Bennett, Laura and Neuman, Melissa and Hawk, Heather and Cailliet, Gregor M.}
}
@article {204,
	title = {Bomb-produced radiocarbon validation of growth-increment crossdating allows marine paleoclimate reconstruction},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {311},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2167},
	pages = {126-135},
	abstract = {The bivalve Pacific geoduck (Panopea generosa) has been used in the eastern North Pacific Ocean to create proxies for environmental factors such as temperature and oceanographic conditions. This type of research depends upon accurate age determination of Pacific geoducks, which historically was based on shell growth-increment counts. A recent study comparing age estimates generated by the dendrochronology (tree-ring science) procedure of crossdating to those estimated from growth-increment counts found a significant difference between the methods for geoduck older than 30 years. Compared to the traditional age determination method of counting growth increments, the crossdating method estimates a greater longevity in this species, with some individuals living in excess of 150 years. In the present study, the accuracy of each method was independently assessed using bomb-produced radiocarbon (14C) techniques. Specimens whose birth years were estimated to be within the era of the bomb-produced marine 14C increase and where the differences between ages estimated by the two methods were greatest were selected for 14C analysis. The difference between age estimates from traditional growth-increment counts and those from crossdating was evaluated using their respective 14C chronologies in comparisons to a reference chronology as a standard. The comparisons relied on Bayesian nonlinear models using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation. This method of analysis showed that with a 50\% probability geoducks were aged correctly when using the crossdating method, compared to the growth increment counts which had a 50\% probability of underestimating the age by 4 years. Therefore, the crossdated age estimates were found to be more accurate than increment counts. Furthermore, these results provide new confidence in using Pacific geoduck biochronologies for paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental reconstruction.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.08.015},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018211004524},
	author = {Kastelle, Craig R. and Helser, Thomas E. and Black, Bryan A. and Stuckey, Matthew J. and C. Gillespie, Darlene and McArthur, Judy and Little, Diana and D. Charles, Karen and Khan, Reziah S.}
}
@article {256,
	title = {Bioturbation artifacts in zero-age sediments},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1826; 535DQ Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:18; YY},
	abstract = {Most seafloor sediments are dated with radiocarbon, and the sediment is assumed to be zero-age (modern) when the signal of atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons is present (Fraction modern (Fm) > 1). Using a simple mass balance, we show that even with Fm > 1, half of the planktonic foraminifera at the seafloor can be centuries old, because of bioturbation. This calculation, and data from four core sites in the western North Atlantic indicate that, first, during some part of the Little Ice Age (LIA) there may have been more Antarctic Bottom Water than today in the deep western North Atlantic. Alternatively, bioturbation may have introduced much older benthic foraminifera into surface sediments. Second, paleo-based warming of Sargasso Sea surface waters since the LIA must lag the actual warming because of bioturbation of older and colder foraminifera.},
	issn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/2008pa001727},
	author = {Keigwin, L. D. and Guilderson, T. P.}
}
@article {480,
	title = {Black carbon in marine particulate organic carbon: Inputs and cycling of highly recalcitrant organic carbon in the Gulf of Maine},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1865; 440SC Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:85; YY},
	pages = {172-181},
	abstract = {To increase our understanding of the roles of black carbon (BC), a highly sorptive and recalcitrant material, we measured BC concentrations and fluxes in marine particulate organic carbon (POC) out of the water column in the Gulf of Maine (GoM), a representative coastal area downwind of important BC sources of the Northeastern United States. Concentrations ranged from},
	issn = {0304-4203},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marchem.2009.01.012},
	author = {Flores-Cervantes, D. X. and Plata, D. L. and MacFarlane, J. K. and Reddy, C. M. and Gschwend, P. M.}
}
@article {350,
	title = {Bomb dating and age determination of skates (family Rajidae) off the eastern coast of Canada},
	journal = {Ices Journal of Marine Science},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1856; 421XR Times Cited:3 Cited References Count:82Y},
	pages = {546-560},
	abstract = {Recent declines in abundance of skates off the eastern coast of Canada have heightened the need for validated age and growth estimates in the region. In all, 502 winter (Leucoraja ocellata), little (Leucoraja erinacea), thorny (Amblyraja radiata), and smooth (Malacoraja senta) skate vertebral centra collected seasonally between 1999 and 2004 were sectioned using a mass processing method, then used to reconstruct growth in each species. Bomb rediocarbon (Delta C-14) analysis was used to provide evidence of annual band-pair deposition in thorny skates. Estimates of L-infinity from traditional von Bertalanffy growth models (VBGM) ranged from 60.6 cm (little skate) to 89.7 cm (thorny skate), and K estimates from 0.07 (thorny skate) to 0.19 (little skate). A modified two-parameter VBGM (L-MAX = 94.1 cm) fitted to winter skate lenght-at-age data yielded a value of K to 0.15. Maximum observed ages ranged from 12 (little skate) to 19 years in both winter and thorny skates. The year-specific incorporation of Delta C-14 milled from thorny and winter skate vertebral sections closely resembled shark-derived reference chronology values from the Northwest Atlantic. Pre-bomb Delta C-14 in a thorny skate collected in 1988 and aged at 23 years appeared to validate age interpretations and suggested that thorny skate reach an absolute age of at least 28 years, the oldest validated age reported for any species of batoid.},
	issn = {1054-3139},
	doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsp002},
	author = {McPhie, R. P. and Campana, S. E.}
}
@article {332,
	title = {Brown Clouds over South Asia: Biomass or Fossil Fuel Combustion?},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {323},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1867; 396JL Times Cited:8 Cited References Count:33Y},
	pages = {495-498},
	abstract = {Carbonaceous aerosols cause strong atmospheric heating and large surface cooling that is as important to South Asian climate forcing as greenhouse gases, yet the aerosol sources are poorly understood. Emission inventory models suggest that biofuel burning accounts for 50 to 90\% of emissions, whereas the elemental composition of ambient aerosols points to fossil fuel combustion. We used radiocarbon measurements of winter monsoon aerosols from western India and the Indian Ocean to determine that biomass combustion produced two- thirds of the bulk carbonaceous aerosols, as well as one- half and two- thirds of two black carbon subfractions, respectively. These constraints show that both biomass combustion ( such as residential cooking and agricultural burning) and fossil fuel combustion should be targeted to mitigate climate effects and improve air quality.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1164857},
	author = {Gustafsson, O. and Krusa, M. and Zencak, Z. and Sheesley, R. J. and Granat, L. and Engstrom, E. and Praveen, P. S. and Rao, P. S. P. and Leck, C. and Rodhe, H.}
}
@article {435,
	title = {A Be-10 chronology of lateglacial and Holocene mountain glaciation in the Scoresby Sund region, east Greenland: implications for seasonality during lateglacial time},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1868; 389XX Times Cited:7 Cited References Count:75Y},
	pages = {2273-2282},
	abstract = {Thirty-eight new cosmogenic (Be-10) exposure ages from the Scoresby Sund region of east Greenland indicate that prominent moraine sets deposited by mountain glaciers date from 780 to 310 yr, approximately during the Little Ice Age, from 11660 to 10 630 yr, at the end of the Younger Dryas cold interval or during Preboreal time, and from 13 010 to 11630 yr, during lateglacial time. Equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) interpreted from lateglacial to Early Holocene moraines indicate summertime cooling between similar to 3.9 and 6.6 degrees C relative to today{\textquoteright}s value, much less than the extreme Younger Dryas cooling registered by Greenland ice cores (mean-annual temperatures of similar to 15 degrees C colder than today{\textquoteright}s value). This apparent discrepancy between paleotemperature records supports the contention that Younger Dryas cooling was primarily a wintertime phenomenon. Be-10 ages of lateglacial and Holocene moraines show that mountain glaciers during the Little Ice Age were more extensive than at any other time since the Early Holocene Epoch. In addition, 10Be ages of lateglacial moraines show extensive reworking of boulders with cosmogenic nuclides inherited from prior periods of exposure, consistent with our geomorphic observations and cosmogenic-exposure dating studies in other Arctic regions. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.08.004},
	author = {Kelly, M. A. and Lowell, T. V. and Hall, B. L. and Schaefer, J. M. and Finkel, R. C. and Goehring, B. M. and Alley, R. B. and Denton, G. H.}
}
@article {387,
	title = {Benthic foraminiferal faunal and isotopic changes as recorded in Holocene sediments of the northwest Indian Ocean},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1964; PT: J; UT: WOS:000256362400001},
	pages = {PA2214-PA2214},
	abstract = {Historically, the Holocene has been considered an interval of relatively stable climate. However, recent studies from the northern Arabian Sea (Netherlands Indian Ocean Program 905) suggested high-amplitude climate shifts in the early and middle Holocene based on faunal and benthic isotopic proxy records. We examined benthic foraminiferal faunal and stable isotopic data from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 723 and total organic carbon data from ODP Site 724, Oman Margin (808 and 593 m water depths, respectively). At Site 723 the mid-Holocene shift in delta(18)O values of infaunal benthic species Uvigerina peregrina (1.4 parts per thousand) is 3 times larger than that of epifaunal benthic species Cibicides kullenbergi recorded at Site NIOP 905 off Somalia. However, none of the five other benthic species we measured at Hole 723A exhibits such a shift in delta(18)O. We speculate that the late Holocene delta(18)O decrease in U. peregrina represents species-specific changes in ecological habitat or food preference in response to changes in surface and deep ocean circulation. While the stable isotopic data do not appear to indicate a middle Holocene climatic shift, our total organic carbon and benthic faunal assemblage data do indicate that the early Holocene deep Arabian Sea was influenced by increased ventilation perhaps by North Atlantic Deep Water and/or Circumpolar Deep Water incursions into the Indian Ocean, leading to remineralization of organic matter and a relatively weak early Holocene oxygen minimum zone in the northwest Arabian Sea in spite of strong summer monsoon circulation.},
	issn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/2007PA001546},
	author = {Gupta, Anil K. and Das, Moumita and Clemens, Steven C. and Mukherjee, Baidehi}
}
@article { ISI:000258791200003,
	title = {Biodiesel effects on particulate radiocarbon (C-14) emissions from a diesel engine},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE},
	volume = {39},
	number = {{8}},
	year = {2008},
	month = {AUG},
	pages = {667-678},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The relative amount of C-14 in a sample of atmospheric particulate matter (PM), defined as percent modern carbon (pMC), allows the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to infer the fraction of PM derived from anthropogenic pollution sources. With increased use of biofuels that contain C-14, the main assumption of the two-source model, that C-14 is solely derived from biogenic emissions, may become invalid. The goal of this study was to determine the C-14 content of PM emitted from an off-highway diesel engine running on commercial grade biodiesel. Tests were conducted with an off-highway diesel engine running at 80\% load fueled by various blends of soy-based biodiesel. A dilution tunnel was used to collect PM10 emissions on quartz filters that were analyzed for their C-14 content using accelerator mass spectrometry. A mobility particle sizer and 5-gas analyzer provided supporting information on the particle size distribution and gas-phase emissions. The pMC of PM10 aerosol increased linearly with the percentage of biodiesel present in the fuel. Therefore, PM emissions resulting from increased combustion of biodiesel fuels will likely affect contemporary C-14 apportionment efforts that attempt to split biogenic vs. anthropogenic emissions based on aerosol C-14 content. Increasing the biodiesel fuel content also reduced emissions of total hydrocarbons (THC), PM10 mass, and particulate elemental carbon. Biodiesel had variable results on oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {biofuel, EC, OC, PM, source apportionment},
	issn = {0021-8502},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.04.001},
	author = {Bennett, Maren and Volckens, John and Stanglmaier, Rudy and McNichol, Ann P. and Ellenson, William D. and Lewis, Charles W.}
}
@article {274,
	title = {Biogeochemical characterization of carbon sources in the strickland and fly rivers, Papua New Guinea},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1870; 251HH Times Cited:4 Cited References Count:75Y},
	abstract = {[1] The highstanding islands of Oceania are recognized as a source of significant particulate organic carbon delivered to nearshore marine environments. The existing data on carbon export in Oceania are largely derived from small mountainous watersheds (},
	issn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2006jf000625},
	author = {Alin, S. R. and Aalto, R. and Go{\~n}i, M. A. and Richey, J. E. and Dietrich, W. E.}
}
@article {310,
	title = {Bomb radiocarbon age validation of Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) using new statistical methods},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1832; 322ER Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:35Y},
	pages = {1101-1112},
	abstract = {We used bomb-produced radiocarbon (C-14) to validate ages of Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus), which are routinely estimated with the cut-and-burn method at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center (Seattle, Washington, USA). New statistical methods to compare Delta C-14 in validation samples with a reference chronology are introduced: (i) calculating confidence intervals around the LOESS-smoothed Delta C-14 reference chronology using simultaneous inference; (ii) purposely adding biases to the validation sample ages and then analyzing the sum of squared residuals of the validation samples{\textquoteright} Delta C-14 about the LOESS-smoothed reference chronology; and (iii) standardizing the Delta C-14 measurements from the validation sample to better fit the reference chronology. Standardized Delta C-14 measurements are particularly useful when researchers suspect that environmental and biological differences between the validation samples and the reference chronology may exist that affect the level, but not the timing, of Delta C-14 in the samples. These new methods can be applied simultaneously. Two previous bomb radiocarbon studies on canary rockfish (Sebastes pinniger) and black drum (Pogonias cromis) were reanalyzed, further illustrating the usefulness of these new methods.},
	issn = {0706-652X},
	doi = {10.1139/F08-038},
	author = {Kastelle, C. R. and Kimura, D. K. and Goetz, B. J.}
}
@article {312,
	title = {Bomb radiocarbon chronologies in the Arctic, with implications for the age validation of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and other Arctic species},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 804; 285MD Times Cited:7 Cited References Count:41Y},
	pages = {733-743},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon generated by atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons (bomb radiocarbon) produced a strong signal with an abrupt onset in the 1950s, which serves as a dated marker for tracing oceanic circulation and confirming age in animals forming growth bands. Here, we report the first prebomb and postbomb radiocarbon chronologies for marine and freshwater environments in the Canadian Arctic, extend the radiocarbon chronology for the northwest Atlantic Ocean, and use the onset of the bomb signal to validate our age interpretations of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Arctic lakes. Both surface and deepwater Arctic chronologies became detectable on or around 1958, similar to the year of onset elsewhere in the world. In contrast, the freshwater Arctic chronology increased sharply in 1957, with a peak value sixfold higher than the adjacent marine environment. The radiocarbon content of the adult otolith core validated our age interpretation criteria for Arctic lake trout to an age of at least 50 years. Otolith growth in such slow-growing fish was so low as to be unresolvable under conventional examination with a dissecting microscope. With these new radiocarbon reference chronologies, age validation of a large number of Arctic organisms should now be possible.},
	issn = {0706-652X},
	doi = {10.1139/F08-012},
	author = {Campana, S. E. and Casselman, J. M. and Jones, C. M.}
}
@article {458,
	title = {Biomarker evidence for the co-occurrence of three races (A, B and L) of Botryococcus braunii in El Junco Lake, Galapagos},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 590; 218MC Times Cited:7 Cited References Count:72},
	pages = {1459-1478},
	abstract = {In spite of the fact that individual races of Botryococcus braunii are widely distributed in lakes, reports of the co-existence of different chemical races are rare. Here we report biomarker evidence for the co-occurrence of three different races of B. braunii (A, B and L) in the water column and sediments of El Junco Lake, a freshwater crater lake at 700 m elevation on San Cristobal Island, Galapagos. We also show the existence of lycopadienes and lycopatrienes in suspended particles and sediments. Biomarker indicators of the three races were: cis and trans C-25-C-31 n-alkadienes and a C-29 triene for race A, a series of C34H58 botryococcenes for race B, and a C40H78 hydrocarbon, trans, trans-lycopadiene accompanied by minor amounts of isomers for race L. Epoxides derived from n-alkadienes and trans, trans-lycopadiene, specific to races A and L respectively, were also detected. Several previously unreported lycopadienes and lycopatrienes were identified in both the water column and sediment, and are believed to represent by-products and intermediates, respectively, of trans, trans-lycopadiene synthesis. Botryococcene and lycopadiene concentrations reached 16.7 and 0.8 mg/g dry sediment in near-surface sediments, and varied over more than three orders of magnitude, while n-alkadienes were present in trace quantities. Pyrolysates from the kerogen fraction of sediment contained lycopadiene and alkadiene related lipids along with chemically resistant polymers of R braunii cell walls. Apparently n-alkadienes, botryococcenes and lycopadienes and -trienes can survive in oxic sediments for several decades, and the down core variation in these lipids likely reflects changes in lake hydrology, alternately favoring the bloom or near-extinction of R braunii race B. (C). 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Orggeochem.2007.05.015},
	author = {Zhang, Z. H. and Metzger, P. and Sachs, J. P.}
}
@inbook {1475,
	title = {Behavioral ecology and the transition from hunting and gathering to Agriculture},
	booktitle = {Behavioral Ecology and the Transition to Agriculture},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 467},
	month = {2006},
	publisher = {University of California Press},
	organization = {University of California Press},
	address = {Berkeley, CA},
	author = {Winterhalder, B. and Kennett, D. J.},
	editor = {Kennett, D. J.}
}
@book {1378,
	title = {Behavioral Ecology and the Transition to Agriculture},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 459},
	month = {2006},
	publisher = {University of California Press},
	organization = {University of California Press},
	address = {Berkeley, CA},
	author = {Kennett, D. J. and Winterhalder, B.}
}
@article {1936,
	title = {Bioreactivity of estuarine dissolved organic matter: A combined geochemical and microbiological approach},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2006},
	note = {040scTimes Cited:39
Cited References Count:32
},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {94-100},
	abstract = {An integrated multidisciplinary study utilizing geochemical and microbial ecological approaches was conducted to characterize the origins, chemical nature, and quantities of dissolved and particulate organic matter (OM) utilized by heterotrophic bacteria in a temperate estuary. C: N, stable isotope (delta C-13), and lipid biomarker analyses revealed differences in the inferred reactivity of autochthonous versus allochthonous OM sources. Isotopic comparison of OM size fractions and bacterial nucleic acids suggests that high-molecular-weight dissolved OM (DOM) is consistently linked to bacterial biomass synthesis along the estuarine salinity gradient. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (as percent of total fatty acids, FA) were a reliable predictor of DOM decomposition in bioassays, thus providing an indicator directly linking DOM reactivity to its composition. Significant positive correlations between FA diagnostic of bacterial sources and lipid biomarker compounds diagnostic of planktonic origin indicate a systematic bacterial response to autochthonous DOM sources along the estuarine continuum. These findings further suggest that, although the geochemical signature of algal-derived OM in the dissolved phase may appear quantitatively insignificant, this fraction may nevertheless represent a principal source of bioreactive OM to heterotrophic bacteria in estuarine waters.},
	keywords = {acids, bacteria, bay, bioavailability, carbon-isotope analysis, extraction, food webs, sediments},
	isbn = {0024-3590},
	doi = {10.4319/lo.2006.51.1.0094},
	author = {McCallister, S. L. and Bauer, J. E. and Canuel, E. A.}
}
@article {612,
	title = {Bomb dating and age validation using the spines of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias)},
	journal = {Environmental Biology of Fishes},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2006},
	note = {107bsTimes Cited:38Cited References Count:25},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {327-336},
	abstract = {Bomb radiocarbon has previously been used to validate the age of large pelagic sharks based on incorporation into vertebrae. However, not all sharks produce interpretable vertebral growth bands. Here we report the first application of bomb radiocarbon as an age validation method based on date-specific incorporation into spine enamel. Our results indicate that the dorsal spines of spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, recorded and preserved a bomb radiocarbon pulse in growth bands formed during the 1960s with a timing which was very similar to that of marine carbonates. Using radiocarbon assays of spine growth bands known to have formed in the 1960s and 1970s as a dated marker, we confirm the validity of spine enamel growth band counts as accurate annual age indicators to an age of at least 45 year. Radiocarbon incorporation into northeast Atlantic dogfish spines occurred in similar years as those in the northwest Atlantic and northeast Pacific, although the amount of radiocarbon differed in keeping with the radiocarbon content of the different water masses. Published reports suggesting that Pacific dogfish are longer lived and slower growing than their Atlantic counterparts appear to be correct, and are not due to errors in interpreting the spine growth bands. Radiocarbon assays of fin spine enamel appears to be well suited to the age validation of sharks with fin spines which inhabit the upper 200 m of the ocean.},
	issn = {0378-1909},
	doi = {10.1007/s10641-006-9107-3},
	author = {Campana, S. E. and Jones, C. and McFarlane, G. A. and Myklevoll, S.}
}
@article {675,
	title = {Bomb radiocarbon dating calibrates beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) age estimates},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie},
	volume = {84},
	year = {2006},
	note = {140vdTimes Cited:51Cited References Count:73},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {1840-1852},
	abstract = {The ages of many mammals are estimated by counting growth layers in tooth sections, yet validation of age estimation techniques using free-ranging mammals has been problematic. Contrary to age estimates for most other animals in which it is assumed that one bipartite growth increment forms annually, beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)) age estimates have been calculated assuming that two growth layer groups (GLGs) form each year. Here we report the age validation for belugas based on date-specific incorporation of atomic bomb radiocarbon into tooth GLGs. Radiocarbon assays of dentinal layers formed in belugas harvested between 1895 and 2001 indicated that radiocarbon from atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons was incorporated into growing teeth and retained for the remaining life of the animal. Comparison of age determined by bomb radiocarbon with age determined by GLG counts indicated that GLGs form annually, not semiannually, and provide an accurate indicator of age for belugas up to at least 60 years old. Radiocarbon signatures of belugas were temporally and metabolically stable and were apparently derived more from the radiocarbon content of their prey than from water. Our understanding of many facets of beluga population dynamics is altered by the finding that this species lives twice as long as previously thought.},
	issn = {0008-4301},
	doi = {10.1139/Z06-182},
	author = {Stewart, R. E. A. and Campana, S. E. and Jones, C. M. and Stewart, B. E.}
}
@article {586,
	title = {Bacterial incorporation of relict carbon in the hydrothermal environment of Guaymas Basin},
	journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {69},
	year = {2005},
	note = {999tpTimes Cited:36Cited References Count:69},
	month = {Dec 1},
	pages = {5477-5486},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon analyses of bulk carbon and individual organic compounds are presented for the hydrothermal environment of the Rebecca{\textquoteright}s Roost vent in the southern trough of the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal field. The Delta(14)C values of CO, and CH4 in the hottest hydrothermal fluids (317 degrees C) are nearly "radiocarbon dead" (-944 parts per thousand and -923 parts per thousand, respectively). In contrast, the Delta(14)C values of sediments and individual fatty acids (-418 parts per thousand to -227 parts per thousand) obtained from a bacterial mat located south of the vent site are similar to values previously reported for hydrothermal petroleum in this environment and are more depleted in C-14 than overlying waters. Hydrothermal fluids moving through the sediments appear to supply C-14 of intermediate age to the bacteria. This carbon may take the form of, or may be supplied by processes similar to, the generation of hydrothermal petroleum. Although the bacterial mat visibly was dominated by Beggiatoa spp., such mats are known to include numerous other species. Individual compound data show that preaged carbon is being consumed by the integrated bacterial assemblage. Values of delta(13)C and Delta(14)C indicate that petroleum-derived carbon is incorporated directly into fresh bacterial biomass. Subsequently, some of this newly synthesized material also is consumed by heterotrophs, as eukaryotic sterols from the same sample also have C-14-depleted values (Delta(14)C = -136 parts per thousand to -110 parts per thousand). Therefore, the entire system may operate as a complex consortium to transform relict carbon back into biomass. Bacterial consumption of relict carbon occurs despite the ample supply of fresh carbon delivered from the productive, overlying water column. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2005.07.007},
	author = {Pearson, A. and Seewald, J. S. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {684,
	title = {Basal inflection-control led shelf-edge wedges off New Jersey track sea-level fall},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2005},
	note = {922awTimes Cited:19Cited References Count:24},
	month = {May},
	pages = {429-432},
	abstract = {A key marker for examining the latest Pleistocene history of the New Jersey margin is the high-amplitude, long-recognized R-horizon reflector. This time-transgressive surface was formed 4733 ka and represents the integrated topographic and bathymetric surface developed during the complicated sea-level oscillation associated with the regression that preceded the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). From landward to seaward across the outer shelf, the R reflector changes from subhorizontal, in most locations < 9 m beneath the modern seafloor, to seaward dipping, forming the base of two of flapping sediment wedges: the previously described outer-shelf wedge and a deep-shelf wedge seaward of it. This transition occurs across two inflection zones, where the dip of the R reflector steepens seaward, that can be traced for tens of kilometers along strike and mark the landward limits of these wedges. These inflection zones are possibly former wave-dominated shorefaces; these represent the primary topographic elements present during the last regression. We speculate that these inflections dictated both the locations for deposition of the two prograding, of flapping wedges that developed during the complex sea-level fall prior to the LGM and their successive erosion before and after the LGM. We suggest that such inflection zones and their associated wedges are important markers of regression in clastic-dominated outer-shelf settings along passive margins.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G21310.1},
	author = {Gulick, S. P. S. and Goff, J. A. and Austin, J. A. and Alexander, C. R. and Nordfjord, S. and Fulthorpe, C. S.}
}
@article {660,
	title = {Basin-wide sedimentation changes and deglacial lake-level rise in the Hovsgol basin, NW Mongolia},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {136},
	year = {2005},
	note = {926rlTimes Cited:51Cited References Count:16},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {59-69},
	abstract = {A study of 15 gravity cores reveals consistent patterns of lithologic change throughout the Lake Hovsgol basin. Sediments of the last glacial are composed of calcareous clayey silt with an admixture of coarse material from sand to gravel. During the last deglaciation, a basin-wide deposition of finely laminated carbonate mud took place and was ultimately succeeded by the deposition of diatomaccous clayey ooze during the entire Holocene interval. Diatom productivity in Lake Hovsgol during the early Holocene was higher than today, but declined by ca. 6.6 cal ka BP. Sedimentation rate estimates for post-glacial section range from 1.5 to over 6.7 cm/ka for different parts of Lake Hovsgol. Rates appear to have decreased in the late Holocene.The last glacial maximum (LGM) corresponded to a dramatic low stand of Lake Hovsgol on the order of 100 m below today{\textquoteright}s level, as reflected by littoral facies retrieved in cores from intermediate depths. Age dating of plant fragments in these sediments suggests that lake level started rising no later than 15.4 cal ka BP. By the beginning of the Holocene, Lake Hovsgol evolved from a low-level closed basin lake to an overflowing freshwater lake. The observed dramatic lithologic change and evidence for lake-level change suggest that Lake Hovsgol may in fact serve as a sensitive {\textquoteright}water gauge{\textquoteright} in continental interior Asia and that the Hovsgol sedimentary record preserves reliable proxies for past changes in effective moisture balance in the Lake Baikal catchment area. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2004.11.008},
	author = {Prokopenko, A. A. and Kuzmin, M. I. and Wlliams, D. F. and Gelety, V. F. and Kalmychkov, G. V. and Gvozdkov, A. N. and Solotchin, P. A.}
}
@article {2000,
	title = {Beads, bifaces, and boats: an early maritime adaptation on the south coast of San Miguel Island, California},
	journal = {American Anthropologist},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 442},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {677-683},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Braje, Todd J. and Rick, Torben C. and Peterson, Jenna}
}
@conference {1576,
	title = {Beam Profile Measurements for a MC-SNICS Source with Spherical Ionizer},
	booktitle = {10th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1706},
	month = {2005},
	address = {Berkeley, California},
	author = {von Reden, K. F. and Griffin, V. S. and Roberts, M. L.}
}
@article {1962,
	title = {Biogeochemical investigations of marine methane seeps, Hydrate Ridge, Oregon},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences},
	volume = {110},
	year = {2005},
	note = {090wnTimes Cited:19
Cited References Count:72
},
	month = {Nov 10},
	pages = {1-17},
	abstract = {[1] A series of biogeochemical studies were conducted at the southern summit of Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon. Using the submersible DSV Alvin, sediment push cores were collected from two distinct seep environments characterized by the presence of clam fields (CF) or microbial mats (MM) at the sediment-water interface; samples were also collected from a nearby reference site characterized by a barren surface at the sediment-water interface. Sediment samples from each setting were analyzed for the depth distributions of total organic carbon (concentrations, delta C-13 and Delta C-14), total sedimentary nitrogen, and microbial abundance. Pore fluids were extracted and analyzed for sulfate, alkalinity, sulfide, organic carbon, and volatile organic acids. These depth distributions clearly indicate the presence of three distinctive biogeochemical settings in the surface sediments of Hydrate Ridge, and provide the basis for a comparative biogeochemical analysis. Both CF and MM sites display properties indicating enhanced microbial activity in the subsurface, compared with the reference site. MM sites display evidence of net biomass production in the subsurface; however, a loss of sediment nitrogen relative to the reference site indicates that mineralization is also enhanced. Calculations based on the removal of nitrogen indicate that greater than 30\% of autochthonous organic material is lost to enhanced mineralization in the top 23 cm of one MM site. An isotope mass balance of sediment-bound organic carbon indicates a mixed source, including methane and allochthonous organic carbon dissolved in the seep fluids. The concentrations of organic carbon dissolved in seep fluids reach values of 22 mM and provide a first indication that advective transport of dissolved organic carbon from great depth may supply an important source of energy and carbon to "methane seep{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} communities.},
	keywords = {anaerobic oxidation, authigenic carbonates, cascadia convergent margin, community structure, dissolved organic-carbon, fluid-flow, ne pacific, odp site 892b, phylogenetic analysis, sulfate-reducing bacteria},
	isbn = {0148-0227},
	doi = {10.1029/2005JG000025},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000240984200001},
	author = {Valentine, D. L. and Kastner, M. and Wardlaw, G. D. and Wang, X. C. and Purdy, A. and Bartlett, D. H.}
}
@article {1991,
	title = {Blank correction for Delta 14C measurements in organic compound classes of oceanic particulate matter},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1054},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {75-87},
	author = {Hwang, Jeomshik and Druffel, Ellen R. M.}
}
@article {575,
	title = {A backbarrier overwash record of intense storms from Brigantine, New Jersey},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {210},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Sp. Iss. SI853thTimes Cited:74Cited References Count:37},
	month = {Sep 15},
	pages = {107-121},
	abstract = {Analysis of aerial photographs and historic charts indicates that the barrier beach at Brigantine, NJ has migrated landward 300 to 400 m since 1869, primarily as a result of overwash during hurricanes and winter storms. A series of vibracores from the backbarrier salt marsh reveals a millennial-scale stratigraphic record of overwash deposition. Carbon-14 (C-14) and Cesium-137 (Cs-137) radioisotopic methods were used to date over-wash deposits (washovers). The ages of recent washovers are consistent with deposition during intense storms in 1938, 1944, 1950, and 1962. An additional overwash deposit recovered in five of the sediment cores was likely deposited by an intense hurricane strike in 1821 or possibly in 1788. Two prehistoric overwash fans were likely deposited by intense storms striking the New Jersey Coast in the 7th to l4th centuries and 6th to 7th centuries A.D. The landward barrier migration indicates that the older overwash sediments were likely transported a considerably greater distance than the more recent overwash fans. The greater distance of transport may indicate that the prehistoric storms that deposited overwash fans across the study site were more intense than the most intense storm to strike this coast in the historic period, the hurricane of 182 1. The spatially variable occurrence of overwash deposition at this site points to a need for multisite stratigraphic surveys of extensive stretches of the coast in order to develop reliable records of past intense storm frequency from backbarrier environments. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.005},
	author = {Donnelly, J. P. and Butler, J. and Roll, S. and Wengren, M. and Webb, T.}
}
@inbook {1397,
	title = {Backbarrier sedimentary records of intense hurricane landfalls in the northeastern United States},
	booktitle = {Hurricanes and Typhoons: Past, Present, and Potential},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 500},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {58-96},
	publisher = {Columbia Press},
	organization = {Columbia Press},
	address = {New York, NY},
	author = {Donnelly, J. P. and Iii, Webb T.},
	editor = {Murnane, R.}
}
@article {2018,
	title = {Benthic foraminifera in the changing ecosystem of Long Island Sound, abstract},
	journal = {EOS Trans. AGU},
	volume = {85},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 1182},
	month = {2004},
	author = {Thaler, B. and Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C.}
}
@article {2053,
	title = {Busted balls shell midden (CA-SMI-606): an early coastal site on San Miguel Island, California},
	journal = {North American Archaeologist},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 583},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {251-272},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Rick, Torben C. and Batterson, Melissa R.}
}
@article {2437,
	title = {Biomass burning and oceanic primary production estimates in the Sulu Sea area over the last 380 kyr and the East Asian monsoon dynamics},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {201},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Symposium on Asian Monsoons and Global Linkages on Milankovitch and Sub-Milankovitch Time ScalesMAY 09-11, 2001
BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA
70
},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {53-65},
	abstract = {Coccolithophorid assemblages and micro-charcoal content were analysed in giant piston core MD97-2141 recovered in the Sulu Sea (Philippines). These proxies help to reconstruct respectively the dynamics of the oceanic primary production (PP) and biomass burning in that area. PP in the Sulu Sea intensifies during the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and therefore PP constitutes a proxy for EAWM dynamics. Most of the precipitation in the Sulu Sea region occurs during the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). Because the intensity of biomass burning is related to dryness of the surrounding area, the sedimentary micro-charcoal content can be used as an inverse proxy for EASM intensity. Our results show that the EAWM intensifies during glacial times in agreement with previous studies. Precessional forcing appears to act directly on EAWN because of the early response of PP in that frequency band. The micro-charcoal record exhibits complex dynamics, which we attribute to the competing influence of the long-term El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-like forcing and the glacial/interglacial cycle on EASM. These influences create an unusual frequency spectrum with power around 30 kyr and 19 kyr attributed to the non-linear response to the 100-kyr cycle (glacial) and the 23-kyr (ENSO) cycle. A factor of two increase in the amplitude of the micro-charcoal variability between 51 and 10 ka BP could correspond to Homo sapiens biomass burning in the style of the fire-stick farming of the Australian Aborigines. We also find, on precession cycles, an opposite phase between EASM and EAWM records and an advance of -delta(18)O and delta(18)O respectively by 2000 yr. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {arabian sea, atlantic, climatic-change, EARLY HOLOCENE, EQUATORIAL, fire, GLACIAL MAXIMUM, indian-ocean, late pleistocene, Late Quaternary, monsoon, nannoplankton, Pleistocene, SOUTH CHINA, Sulu Sea, WEST-JAVA},
	isbn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00208-1},
	author = {Beaufort, L. and de Garidel-Thoron, T. and Linsley, B. and Oppo, D. and Buchet, N.}
}
@conference {1577,
	title = {Benthic foraminifera in Long Island Sound as indicators of eutrophication},
	booktitle = {GSA Annual meeting},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 731},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {384},
	address = {Denver, CO},
	author = {Abramson, I. and Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C. and Buchholtz ten Brink, M. R.}
}
@inbook {2423,
	title = {Biogenic silica profiles in the sediments of large tropical lakes: examples from East Africa},
	booktitle = {Sedimentation in Continental Rifts},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 343},
	month = {2002},
	publisher = {Spec. Publ. Society Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists},
	organization = {Spec. Publ. Society Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists},
	author = {Johnson, T. C.},
	editor = {Renaut, R. W.}
}
@article {990,
	title = {Birth of the modern Chesapeake Bay estuary between 7.4 and 8.2 ka and implications for global sea-level rise},
	journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 540},
	pages = {188-197},
	abstract = {Two major pulses of sea-level rise are thought to have taken place since the last glacial maximum {\textemdash} meltwater pulses (mwp) 1A (12 cal ka) and 1B (9.5 cal ka). Between mwp 1B and about 6 cal ka, many of the complex coastal ecosystems which ring the world{\textquoteright}s oceans began to form. Here we report data for rhenium, carbon isotopes, total organic carbon, and fossil oysters from Chesapeake Bay which span the transition from fresh to brackish water conditions in the bay in the mid-Holocene. These data constrain sea-level change and resulting environmental change in the bay. They indicate that the transition was rapid, and that it was produced by (1) a third pulse of rapid eustatic sea-level rise, or (2) a geometry of the prehistoric Chesapeake Bay basin which predisposed it to a nonlinear response to a steadily rising sea level. Similar nonlinear changes in vulnerable coastal environments are likely to take place in the future due to polar warming, regardless of the timing or rate of sea-level rise.},
	doi = {10.1007/s00367-002-0112-z},
	author = {Bratton, John F. and Colman, Steven M. and Thieler, E. Robert and Seal, Robert R.}
}
@article {2126,
	title = {Blackwood Creek Stream restoration project design draft report},
	journal = {U.S. Forest Service Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit, South Lake Tahoe, CA},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 350},
	month = {2002},
	author = {Beck, Nicole and Hydrology, Swanson}
}
@article {1479,
	title = {Blackwood Creek Strem restoration project design draft report},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1140},
	month = {2002},
	address = {South Lake, Tahoe, CA},
	author = {Beck, N. and Hydrology, S.},
	editor = {Unit, U. S. Forest Service Lake Tahoe Basin Management}
}
@article {677,
	title = {Bomb dating and age determination of large pelagic sharks},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
	volume = {59},
	year = {2002},
	note = {548ceTimes Cited:98Cited References Count:16},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {450-455},
	abstract = {Despite their notoriety and role as apex predators, the longevity of large pelagic sharks such as the porbeagle (Lamna nasus) and shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) is unknown. Vertebral growth bands provide an accurate indicator of age in young porbeagle, but age validation has never been reported for any large shark species past the age of sexual maturity. Here, we report the first application of bomb radiocarbon as an age validation method for long-lived sharks based on date-specific incorporation of radiocarbon into vertebral growth bands. Our results indicate that porbeagle vertebrae recorded and preserved a bomb radiocarbon pulse in growth bands formed during the 1960s. Through comparison of radiocarbon assays in young, known-age porbeagle collected in the 1960s with the corresponding growth bands in old porbeagle collected later, we confirm the validity of porbeagle vertebral growth band counts as accurate annual age indicators to an age of at least 26 years. The radiocarbon signatures of porbeagle vertebral growth bands appear to be temporally and metabolically stable and derived mainly from the radiocarbon content of their prey. Preliminary radiocarbon assays of shortfin mako vertebrae suggest that current methods for determining shortfin mako age are incorrect.},
	issn = {0706-652x},
	doi = {10.1139/F02-027},
	author = {Campana, S. E. and Natanson, L. J. and Myklevoll, S.}
}
@conference {1581,
	title = {Bomb radiocarbon and anthropogenic CO2 in ocean biogeochemical models},
	booktitle = {AGU/ASLO Conference},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 320},
	month = {2002},
	address = {Honolulu, HI},
	author = {Matsumoto, K. and Sarmiento, J. and Key, R. and Slater, C. and Sabine, C.}
}
@article {410,
	title = {A Budget of Carbonate and Terrigenous Sediments, Hanalei Bay, Kauai, Hawaiian Islands},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 105},
	abstract = {The sediment budget of Hanalei Bay on the north shore of Kauai was calculated using sedimentological and geophysical methods. The calculations of the budget subsequently allowed an interpretation of the Holocene history of the bay. The bay sediments are easily separated into marine (carbonate) and terrigenous (siliciclastic) grains. Surficial sediments are dominated by carbonate grains (\~{}70\%) of coralline algae, coral, and mollusc fragments as well as foraminifera, Halimeda, bryozoa, and echinoderm tests. However, siliciclastic grains (e.g. olivine, plagioclase, volcanic lithics) from the Hanalei River watershed draining shield volcanic highlands are the most common individual grain type (\~{}27\%) and form a zone of high concentration from the mouth of the Hanalei River into the center of the bay. Flooding in the bay by the post-glacial sea-level rise began soon after 11.7 kyears. The resulting marine environment caused the net deposition of 45.5{\textpm}1.5{\texttimes}106 m3 of sediment in the bay and approximately 33.7{\textpm}11.2{\texttimes}106 m3 of sediment on the Hanalei coastal plain. The total volume of carbonate sediment stored in the bay and coastal plain is greater than the volume likely to have been produced exclusively within the bay during the same time. Calculations indicate that approximately 2490 m3 year-1 have been imported into the bay or coastal plain and deposited since 11,700 years ago. The majority of this sediment influx is likely delivered from the east by the strong tradewind-driven littoral currents that characterize Kauai{\textquoteright}s north shore. Net carbonate sediment deposition in Hanalei Bay peaked at a rate of 15,500 m3 year-1 between 5000 and 3000 years ago (when sea level may have been 2 m above present) diminishing to 3890 m3 year-1 from 1000 years ago to the present. This influx is likely to have played a significant role in the mid to late Holocene progradation of the Hanalei shoreline.},
	doi = {10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00268-8},
	author = {Calhoun, R. S. and Fletcher, C. H. and Harney, J. N.}
}
@conference {1575,
	title = {The Beadmaker Site: A plains village site at Heart Butte Reservoir, North Dakota},
	booktitle = {2001 Fall meeting of the North Dakota Archeological Association},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 297},
	month = {2001},
	address = {Bismarck, ND},
	author = {Jackson, Michael L.}
}
@article {2130,
	title = {Benthic remineralization and burial of biogenic SiO2, CaCO3, organic carbon, and detrital material in the Southern Ocean along a transect at 170oW},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Res.},
	volume = {Part-II},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 276},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {4232-4383},
	author = {Sayles, F. L. and Martin, W. R. and Chase, Z. and Anderson, R. F.}
}
@conference {1578,
	title = {Biogenic silica and organic carbon in sediments from the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean},
	booktitle = {Antarctic Earth Sciences at the close of a Millenium: Proceedings 8th International Symposium on Artarctic Earth Sciences},
	volume = {8th},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 284},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {35},
	publisher = {Royal Society of New Zealand Bulletin},
	organization = {Royal Society of New Zealand Bulletin},
	author = {Giglio, F. and Langone, L. and Morigi, C. and Frignani, M. and Ravaioli, M.},
	editor = {Gamble, J. A.}
}
@conference {1580,
	title = {Bomb 14C versus anthropogenic CO2 in OCMIP ocean biogeochemical models},
	booktitle = {Global Change Open Science Conference},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1446},
	month = {2001},
	address = {Amsterdam, the Netherlands},
	author = {Matsumoto, K. and Sarmiento, J. L. and Key, R. M. and Slater, R. D. and Sabine, C. L.}
}
@conference {1582,
	title = {Brachiopod shell taphonomy in subtropical siliciclastic environments: preliminary field results},
	booktitle = {Reuniao Anal de Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia, Paleo-2001},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 281},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {15},
	publisher = {Boletim de Resumos},
	organization = {Boletim de Resumos},
	address = {Rio Claro, SP},
	author = {Simoes, M. G. and Kowalewski, M. and Carroll, M. and Rodland, D. L. and Mello, L. H. C.}
}
@article {1521,
	title = {A budget of Holocene carbonate sediments, Kailua Bay, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 329},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {57},
	institution = {University of Hawaii},
	address = {Honolulu, HI},
	author = {Harney, Jodi N. and Fletcher, Charles H.}
}
@mastersthesis {1326,
	title = {Black carbon in lacustrine and coastal marine sediments, Thesis},
	volume = {PhD},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {120},
	school = {University of Ljubljana, Slovenia},
	address = {Ljubljana, Slovenia},
	author = {Muri, G.}
}
@conference {1579,
	title = {Biogenic silica and organic carbon in sediments from the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean.--Abstract},
	booktitle = {8th International Symposium on Antarctic Earch Sciences},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 286},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {119},
	address = {Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand},
	author = {Giglio, F. and Frignani, M. and Langone, L. and Morigi, C. and Pianosi, G. and Ravaioli, M.}
}
@article {2243,
	title = {Biogenic silica records from the BDP-93 drill site and adjacent areas of the Selenga Delta, Lake Baikal, Siberia},
	journal = {Journal of Paleolimnology},
	volume = {21},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 186},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {9-17},
	author = {Colman, S. M. and Peck, J. A. and Hatton, J. and Karabanov, E. B. and King, J. W.}
}
@article {2295,
	title = {Biostratigraphy and sedimentation rates of the Amazon Deep Sea Fan},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results},
	volume = {155},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 71},
	month = {1997},
	author = {Mikkelsen, N. and Maslin, M. and Firaudeau, J. and Showers, W. J.}
}
@article {2387,
	title = {Biogenic Silica in Lake Baikal Sediments - Results from 1990-1992 American Cores},
	journal = {Journal of Great Lakes Research},
	volume = {20},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Px453Times Cited:46
Cited References Count:20
},
	month = {1994},
	pages = {751-760},
	abstract = {The Lake Baikal Paleoclimate Project is a joint Russian-American program established to study the paleoclimate of Central Asia. During three summer field seasons, duplicate Russian and American coves were taken at a number of sites in different sedimentary environments in the lake. Eight cores returned to the U.S. were quantitatively analyzed for biogenic silica using a single-step 5-hour alkaline leach, followed by dissolved silicon analysis by inductively-coupled-plasma atomic-emission spectroscopy. Sediments of Holocene age in these cores have biogenic silica maxima that range from about 15 to 80 percent. An underlying zone in each core with low biogenic-silica concentrations (0 to 5 percent) dates from the last glacial maximum. The transition from the last glaciation to the present interglaciation, recorded by biogenic silica, began about 13,000 years ago. Biogenic silica profiles from these cores appear to be a good measure of past diatom productivity and a useful basis for paleoclimatic interpretations.},
	keywords = {accumulation, Holocene, Lake Baikal, marine-sediments, opal, Paleoclimate, sediments, silica},
	isbn = {0380-1330},
	author = {Carter, S. J. and Colman, S. M.}
}
