@article {edgerton_evaluating_2024,
	title = {Evaluating middle to late Holocene climate variability from δ18O of aquatic invertebrate remains in southwestern Greenland},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {333},
	year = {2024},
	month = {06/2024},
	pages = {108664},
	abstract = {Holocene paleotemperature records from ice-free margins of Greenland suggest spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the timing of key climate transitions following retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet. However, the paucity of high-resolution climate records from this region limits our understanding of the timing, spatial variation, and drivers of Holocene climate variability. Here, we present a middle to late Holocene climate reconstruction based on δ18O of aquatic invertebrate (chironomid and cladoceran) remains and sediment geochemistry from lake sediments to elucidate millennial to submillennial-scale drivers of climate in southwestern Greenland. We establish that our site, Arrowhead Lake, is a through-flowing basin with an integrated signal of annual meteoric water with no evidence of significant evaporative enrichment. Core sediment geochemistry captures the transition from minerogenic-dominated to organic-rich sediments \~{}8~cal ka BP. Chitin-based δ18O measurements of both chironomid head capsules and ephippia exhibit similar temporal variability through the record, broadly decreasing from 8.2~cal ka BP to present, concurrent with decreasing summer insolation and regional Neoglacial cooling. A simplified assumption that temperature is the sole driver of changes in isotopes of precipitation yields an estimated average temperature change from the middle to late Holocene at Arrowhead Lake of 2.1{\textendash}3.0~{\textdegree}C, comparable to existing estimates of middle to late Holocene temperature decline in western Greenland. Depleted δ18O values after 3.3~cal ka BP correspond to the onset of Neoglacial cooling and independent evidence for a slowdown of the West Greenland Current, and suggests that both temperature and sea-ice variability were important controls on isotopic variability at this site. Highly depleted isotopic values at 8.2~cal ka BP followed by high isotopic variability in the early part of the middle Holocene suggests that our record may capture regional 8.2 ka cooling. This new isotope record provides insight into climate influences during the middle and late Holocene along the western Greenland margin that are important for understanding how ongoing melt of the Greenland Ice Sheet and amplified warming in the Arctic may impact the climate system.},
	keywords = {Chitin, Greenland, Holocene, paleoclimatology, Stable isotopes, δO},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108664},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379124001653},
	author = {Edgerton, Briana A. and Axford, Yarrow and Chipman, Melissa L.}
}
@article {chu_earthquake-enhanced_2023,
	title = {Earthquake-enhanced dissolved carbon cycles in ultra-deep ocean sediments},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2023},
	month = {09/2023},
	pages = {5427},
	abstract = {Hadal trenches are unique geological and ecological systems located along subduction zones. Earthquake-triggered turbidites act as efficient transport pathways of organic carbon (OC), yet remineralization and transformation of OC in these systems are not comprehensively understood. Here we measure concentrations and stable- and radiocarbon isotope signatures of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC, DIC) in the subsurface sediment interstitial water along the Japan Trench axis collected during the IODP Expedition 386. We find accumulation and aging of DOC and DIC in the subsurface sediments, which we interpret as enhanced production of labile dissolved carbon owing to earthquake-triggered turbidites, which supports intensive microbial methanogenesis in the trench sediments. The residual dissolved carbon accumulates in deep subsurface sediments and may continue to fuel the deep biosphere. Tectonic events can therefore enhance carbon accumulation and stimulate carbon transformation in plate convergent trench systems, which may accelerate carbon export into the subduction zones., Earthquakes enhance dissolved carbon production and fuel the microbial activities in hadal trench subsurface sediments, and ultimately strengthen carbon accumulation and transformation in the subduction zones.},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-41116-w},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41116-w},
	author = {Chu, Mengfan and Bao, Rui and Strasser, Michael and Ikehara, Ken and Everest, Jez and Maeda, Lena and Hochmuth, Katharina and Xu, Li and McNichol, Ann and Bellanova, Piero and Rasbury, Troy and K{\"o}lling, Martin and Riedinger, Natascha and Johnson, Joel and Luo, Min and M{\"a}rz, Christian and Straub, Susanne and Jitsuno, Kana and Brunet, Morgane and Cai, Zhirong and Cattaneo, Antonio and Hsiung, Kanhsi and Ishizawa, Takashi and Itaki, Takuya and Kanamatsu, Toshiya and Keep, Myra and Kioka, Arata and McHugh, Cecilia and Micallef, Aaron and Pandey, Dhananjai and Proust, Jean No{\"e}l and Satoguchi, Yasufumi and Sawyer, Derek and Seibert, Chlo{\'e} and Silver, Maxwell and Virtasalo, Joonas and Wang, Yonghong and Wu, Ting-Wei and Zellers, Sarah}
}
@article {3006,
	title = {Enhanced iceberg discharge in the western North Atlantic during all Heinrich events of the last glaciation},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {564},
	year = {2021},
	month = {06/2021},
	pages = {116910},
	abstract = {A series of catastrophic iceberg and meltwater discharges to the North Atlantic, termed Heinrich events, punctuated the last ice age. During Heinrich events, coarse terrigenous debris released from the drifting icebergs was preserved in deep-sea sediments, serving as an indicator of iceberg passage. Quantifying the vertical flux of ice-rafted debris (IRD) in open-ocean settings can resolve questions regarding the timing and spatial variation in ice sheet calving intensity. In this study, 230Thxs-based IRD flux throughout the last glacial period was measured in a deep-sea sediment core from the western North Atlantic, and complemented by data spanning 0-32 ka from a sediment core in the Labrador Sea. The cores were recovered from sites downstream from Hudson Strait, a likely conduit for icebergs calving from the Laurentide ice sheet (LIS). We compare our results with equivalent existing data from the eastern North Atlantic and show that the two cores in our study have higher IRD fluxes during all Heinrich events, notably including events H3 (\~{}31 ka) and H6 (\~{}60 ka). This study demonstrates that the LIS played a role in all Heinrich events, and raises the likelihood that a single mechanism can account for the genesis of these events.},
	keywords = {Heinrich event, IRD flux, thorium normalization, western north atlantic},
	isbn = {0012-821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2021.116910},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X21001692},
	author = {Zhou, Yuxin and McManus, Jerry F. and Jacobel, Allison W. and Costa, Kassandra M. and Wang, Shouyi and Alvarez Caraveo, Blanca}
}
@article {2995,
	title = {ERRONEOUSLY OLD RADIOCARBON AGES FROM TERRESTRIAL POLLEN CONCENTRATES IN YELLOWSTONE LAKE, WYOMING, USA},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2021},
	month = {02/2021},
	pages = {321 - 342},
	abstract = {Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating of pollen concentrates is often used in lake sediment records where large, terrestrial plant remains are unavailable. Ages produced from chemically concentrated pollen as well as manually picked Pinaceae grains in Yellowstone Lake (Wyoming) sediments were consistently 1700{\textendash}4300 cal years older than ages established by terrestrial plant remains, tephrochronology, and the age of the sediment-water interface. Previous studies have successfully utilized the same laboratory space and methods, suggesting the source of old-carbon contamination is specific to these samples. Manually picking pollen grains precludes admixture of non-pollen materials. Furthermore, no clear source of old pollen grains occurs on the deglaciated landscape, making reworking of old pollen grains unlikely. High volumes of CO2 are degassed in the Yellowstone Caldera, potentially introducing old carbon to pollen. While uptake of old CO2 through photosynthesis is minor (F14C approximately 0.99), old-carbon contamination may still take place in the water column or in surficial lake sediments. It remains unclear, however, what mechanism allows for the erroneous ages of highly refractory pollen grains while terrestrial plant remains were unaffected. In the absence of a satisfactory explanation for erroneously old radiocarbon ages from pollen concentrates, we propose steps for further study.},
	keywords = {AMS dating, chronology, contamination, paleoecology, pine},
	isbn = {0033-8222, 1945-5755},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2020.118},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/radiocarbon/article/erroneously-old-radiocarbon-ages-from-terrestrial-pollen-concentrates-in-yellowstone-lake-wyoming-usa/1DAC6B6CCD52443755E7F725B84CFB3F},
	author = {Schiller, Christopher M. and Whitlock, Cathy and Elder, Kathryn L. and Iverson, Nels A. and Abbott, Mark B.}
}
@article {2925,
	title = {Event-dominated transport, provenance, and burial of organic carbon in the Japan Trench},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {563},
	year = {2021},
	month = {Jan-06-2021},
	pages = {116870},
	abstract = {The delivery of organic carbon (OC) to the ocean{\textquoteright}s deepest trenches in the hadal zone is poorly understood, but may be important for the carbon cycle, contain crucial information on sediment provenance and event-related transport processes, and provide age constraints on stratigraphic sequences in this terminal sink. In this study, we systematically characterize bulk organic matter (OM) and OC signatures (TOC/TN, delta C-13, C-14), as well as those from application of serial thermal oxidation (ramped pyrolysis/oxidation) of sediment cores recovered along an entire hadal trench encompassing high stratigraphic resolution records spanning nearly 2000 years of deposition. We analyze two cores from the southern and northern Japan Trench, where submarine canyon systems link shelf with trench. We compare results with previously published data from the central Japan Trench, where canyon systems are absent. Our analyses enable refined dating of the stratigraphic record and indicate that event deposits arise from remobilization of relatively surficial sediment coupled with deeper erosion along turbidity current pathways in the southern and central study site and from canyon flushing events in the northern study site. Furthermore, our findings indicate deposition of predominantly marine OC within hemipelagic background sediment as well as associated with event deposits along the entire trench axis. This implies that canyon systems flanking the Japan Trench do not serve as a short-circuit for injection of terrestrial OC to the hadal zone, and that tropical cyclones are not major agents for sediment and carbon transfer into this trench system. These findings further support previous Japan Trench studies interpreting that event deposits originate from the landward trench slope and are earthquake-triggered. The very low terrestrial OC input into the Japan Trench can be explained by the significant distance between trench and hinterland (>180 km), and the physiography of the canyons that do not connect to coast and river systems. We suggest that detailed analyzes of long sedimentary records are essential to understand OC transfer, deposition and burial in hadal trenches. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.},
	keywords = {carbon isotopes, carbon provenance, carbon transfer, hadal zone event-stratigraphy, Japan Trench, ramped Pyr/Ox},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2021.116870},
	url = {https://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?product=WOS\&Func=Frame\&DestFail=https\%3A\%2F\%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com\&SrcApp=search\&SrcAuth=Alerting\&SID=8DxHHPXeqJFVJQqBfHD\&customersID=Alerting\&mode=FullRecord\&IsProductCode=Yes\&AlertId=4d48b20a-7d27-4fa2},
	author = {Schwestermann, T. and Eglinton, T.I. and Haghipour, N. and McNichol, A.P. and Ikehara, K. and Strasser, M.}
}
@article {bennett_evidence_2021,
	title = {Evidence of humans in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {373},
	number = {6562},
	year = {2021},
	note = {Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science},
	month = {09/2021},
	pages = {1528{\textendash}1531},
	abstract = {Archaeologists and researchers in allied fields have long sought to understand human colonization of North America. Questions remain about when and how people migrated, where they originated, and how their arrival affected the established fauna and landscape. Here, we present evidence from excavated surfaces in White Sands National Park (New Mexico, United States), where multiple in situ human footprints are stratigraphically constrained and bracketed by seed layers that yield calibrated radiocarbon ages between \textasciitilde23 and 21 thousand years ago. These findings confirm the presence of humans in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum, adding evidence to the antiquity of human colonization of the Americas and providing a temporal range extension for the coexistence of early inhabitants and Pleistocene megafauna.},
	doi = {10.1126/science.abg7586},
	url = {https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.abg7586},
	author = {Bennett, Matthew R. and Bustos, David and Pigati, Jeffrey S. and Springer, Kathleen B. and Urban, Thomas M. and Holliday, Vance T. and Reynolds, Sally C. and Budka, Marcin and Honke, Jeffrey S. and Hudson, Adam M. and Fenerty, Brendan and Connelly, Clare and Martinez, Patrick J. and Santucci, Vincent L. and Odess, Daniel}
}
@article {2694,
	title = {Effects of agricultural and tillage practices on isotopic signatures and fluxes of organic and inorganic carbon in headwater streams},
	journal = {Aquatic Sciences},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-04-2020},
	issn = {1015-1621},
	doi = {10.1007/s00027-019-0691-7},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00027-019-0691-7http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00027-019-0691-7.pdfhttp://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00027-019-0691-7.pdfhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00027-019-0691-7/fulltext.html},
	author = {Kelsey, Scott A. and Grottoli, Andrea G. and Bauer, James E. and Lorenz, Klaus and Lal, Rattan and Matsui, Yohei and Huey-Sanders, Teresa M.}
}
@article {2787,
	title = {Efficient preservation of young terrestrial organic carbon in sandy turbidity-current depositsAbstract},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {48},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-09-2020},
	pages = {882 - 887},
	abstract = {Burial of terrestrial biospheric particulate organic carbon in marine sediments removes CO2 from the atmosphere, regulating climate over geologic time scales. Rivers deliver terrestrial organic carbon to the sea, while turbidity currents transport river sediment further offshore. Previous studies have suggested that most organic carbon resides in muddy marine sediment. However, turbidity currents can carry a significant component of coarser sediment, which is commonly assumed to be organic carbon poor. Here, using data from a Canadian fjord, we show that young woody debris can be rapidly buried in sandy layers of turbidity current deposits (turbidites). These layers have organic carbon contents 10{\texttimes} higher than the overlying mud layer, and overall, woody debris makes up >70\% of the organic carbon preserved in the deposits. Burial of woody debris in sands overlain by mud caps reduces their exposure to oxygen, increasing organic carbon burial efficiency. Sandy turbidity current channels are common in fjords and the deep sea; hence we suggest that previous global organic carbon burial budgets may have been underestimated.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G47320.1},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/48/9/882/586768/Efficient-preservation-of-young-terrestrial},
	author = {Hage, S. and Galy, V.V. and Cartigny, M.J.B. and Acikalin, S. and Clare, M.A. and Gr{\"o}cke, D.R. and Hilton, R.G. and Hunt, J.E. and Lintern, D.G. and McGhee, C.A. and Parsons, D.R. and Stacey, C.D. and Sumner, E.J. and Talling, P.J.}
}
@article {2916,
	title = {Evaluating the effects of regional climate trends along the West Antarctic Peninsula shelf based on the seabed distribution of naturally occurring radioisotopic tracers},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {429},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-11-2020},
	pages = {106315},
	abstract = {Measurements of Th-230, C-14, Pb-210 and Th-234 activities were made on sediment cores collected along a N-S transect exhibiting a gradient in annual sea-ice duration off the West Antarctic Peninsula. The resultant data were used to evaluate the effects of regional warming on particle flux reaching the seabed on timescales from millennial to seasonal. Shelf samples were collected at five stations, over three cruises, between February 2008 and March 2009, as part of the FOODBANCS2 Project. Sea-ice conditions (the number of days ice-free prior to core collection) were evaluated at the five stations to understand the relationship between ice abundance and particle/radionuclide flux. Based on the millennial tracer C-14, rates of sediment accumulation along the peninsula decrease southward, consistent with the observed sea-ice gradient. Th-230 data provide additional evidence on millennial timescales that sediment focusing (i.e., lateral transport) occurs to a greater extent in the northern reaches of the study area compared to the southernmost stations. The distribution of steady-state, Pb-210 flux to the seabed (representing centurial trends) displays a similar trend to C-14, showing higher radionuclide/particle flux in the northern study area (where sea-ice duration is diminished) and lower flux southward as sea-ice duration increases. Additionally, Pb-210 data suggest that lateral transport plays an important role in the sediment distributions of this radiotracer on hundred-year timescales, which is explainable by the relatively short circulation times of peninsular waters relative to Pb-210{\textquoteright}s half-life. On seasonal and annual time scales, the distribution of steady-state Th-234 flux to the seabed shows an increase in radionuclide flux at the southernmost stations. This increase in radionuclide flux on seasonal and annual time scales is consistent with the warming trend along the peninsula and the reduction in sea-ice duration over the past decade. A significant statistical relationship, however, could not be established between annual sea-ice free days and Th-234-derived particle flux to the seabed. The fluxes/distributions of long-lived particle-reactive tracers (C-14, Th-230, and Pb-210) on the West Antarctic Peninsula shelf appear to be controlled primarily by the long-term pattern of increasing annual sea-ice duration in the southward direction, whereas the fluxes of the short-lived tracer (Th-234) are consistent with the more recent decreases in sea-ice duration (associated with climate change) that have occurred over the past decade, primarily in the southern West Antarctic Peninsula stations.},
	keywords = {Antarctica, Climate change, Radiochemical flux, Sea-ice, Seabed},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106315},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322720302036},
	author = {Taylor, Richard S. and DeMaster, David J. and Smith, Craig R. and Thomas, Carrie J.}
}
@article {2875,
	title = {Equatorial Pacific seawater pCO2 variability since the last glacial period},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-12-2019},
	abstract = {The ocean may have played a central role in the atmospheric pCO2 rise during the last deglaciation. However, evidence on where carbon was exchanged between the ocean and the atmosphere in this period is still lacking, hampering our understanding of global carbon cycle on glacial{\textendash}interglacial timescales. Here we report a new surface seawater pCO2 reconstruction for the western equatorial Pacific Ocean based on boron isotope analysis{\textemdash}a seawater pCO2 proxy{\textemdash}using two species of near-surface dwelling foraminifera from the same marine sediment core. The results indicate that the region remained a modest CO2 sink throughout the last deglaciation.},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-49739-0},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-49739-0},
	author = {Kubota, Kaoru and Yokoyama, Yusuke and Ishikawa, Tsuyoshi and Sagawa, Takuya and Ikehara, Minoru and Yamazaki, Toshitsugu}
}
@conference {2821,
	title = {Evaluating Playas as Point Sources for Recharge of the High Plains Aquifer, Western Kansas},
	booktitle = {Joint 53rd Annual South-Central/53rd North-Central/71st Rocky Mtn GSA Section Meeting - 2019},
	year = {2019},
	publisher = {Geological Society of America},
	organization = {Geological Society of America},
	doi = {10.1130/abs/2019SC-327385},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333623353_EVALUATING_PLAYAS_AS_SOURCES_OF_RECHARGE_TO_THE_HIGH_PLAINS_AQUIFER_IN_WESTERN_KANSAS},
	author = {Stotler, Randy L. and Salley, Kaitlin A. and Johnson, William C. and Ryuh, Yon-Gyung}
}
@article {2905,
	title = {Evaluating the Radiocarbon Reservoir Effect in Lake Kutubu, Papua New GuineaABSTRACT},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-02-2019},
	pages = {287 - 308},
	abstract = {Conceptual models predict a tight coupling between the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the Southern Westerly Winds (SWW) in response to glacial-interglacial transitions, yet little is known about this relationship under Holocene boundary conditions. Here we present a synthesis of Holocene pollen data from the southwest Pacific mid-latitudes that tracks changes in the SWW. Comparison of our SWW paleoclimate records with data tracking the ITCZ, oceanic circulation, and insolation reveals clearly synchronous and in-phase ITCZ-SWW dynamics between 12 and 5 ka, indicating a tight coupling between the tropics and southern mid-latitudes in response to ocean circulation and insolation. An apparent decoupling of the SWW and ITCZ in the Pacific region after 5 ka is attributable to the overriding influence of the El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation (ENSO) over the proxy data.},
	issn = {0033-8222},
	doi = {10.1017/RDC.2018.49},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033822218000498/type/journal_article},
	author = {Schneider, Larissa and Pain, Colin F and Haberle, Simon and Blong, Russell and Alloway, Brent V and Fallon, Stewart J and Hope, Geoff and Zawadzki, Atun and Heijnis, Henk}
}
@mastersthesis {2992,
	title = {Evaluation of Compartmentalized Aquifers in the Walla Walla Subbasin of Oregon Using Isotopic and Geochemical Tracers},
	volume = {Master of Science (M.S.), Geography},
	year = {2019},
	month = {06/2019},
	school = {Oregon State University},
	type = {Masters Thesis},
	abstract = {The Walla Walla Subbasin (WWSB) in Oregon is underlain by formations of the extensive Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) which have been deformed by post-Miocene folding and faulting. Extensive irrigation with groundwater from these basalt groups, as well as sedimentary aquifers and surface water diversions from the Walla Walla River, has enabled the WWSB to become a productive agricultural region despite its semi-arid climate. Over the past 10 years water levels in the basalt aquifer have declined to the point where some senior groundwater right holders cannot access their full water allocation. Effective water management depends on an understanding of the flow and recharge pathways in this complex groundwater system. This research uses spatial analysis of geochemical characteristics of groundwater samples to test the hypothesis that local faults create barriers to flow and isolate compartments of groundwater. For this study 31 wells were sampled for analysis of oxygen isotopes, hydrogen isotopes, pH, temperature, and conductivity. At a subset of 18 of those wells, samples were collected for a more extensive array of tests which also included carbon-14, tritium, and ten major ions. These parameters provide information to evaluate the range and distribution of groundwater age, evidence of modern recharge, and the progression of chemical reactions along hypothesized flow paths. Results of these laboratory analyses were compared with a literature review of fault geology and hydrogeology in the CRBG, results of interference pumping tests of basalt wells in the WWSB, and known physical characteristics of the wells sampled. This information was used to test three conceptual models of groundwater flow through the basalt aquifers. The first conceptual model was based on groundwater movement in unfaulted, sloping CRBG terrain where water infiltrates in upland recharge zones where the basalt is exposed, and moves laterally through the sloping interflow zones of the aquifer to wells. The second conceptual model describes local recharge in the vicinity of a well flowing slowly downward through the aquifer until the depth at which is became hydraulically connected to the well. The third model added faults into the model as lateral barriers to flow and vertical conduits to recharge. Comparisons of the monovalent/divalent cation ratios, stable isotope values, and principal component models with well depth, well surface level elevation, and well locations provide insights that conflict with the first two conceptual models and supported the third model. Further comparisons of these parameters with geologic characteristics of these faults from the literature through the lens of the third conceptual model provide a basis for estimating fault hydrogeologic characteristics in the WWSB.},
	keywords = {Columbia River Basalt Group, Groundwater tracers, Stable isotope tracers, Walla Walla Valley (Oregon)},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/qv33s317x},
	author = {van Stolk, Courtney A.}
}
@article {2775,
	title = {Evidence for frequent, large tsunamis spanning locked and creeping parts of the Aleutian megathrust},
	journal = {GSA Bulletin},
	volume = {131},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-05-2019},
	pages = {707 - 729},
	abstract = {At the eastern end of the 1957 Andreanof Islands, Alaska, USA, moment magnitude 8.6 earthquake rupture, Driftwood Bay (Umnak Island) and Stardust Bay (Sedanka Island) lie along presently locked and creeping parts of the Aleutian megathrust, respectively, based on satellite geodesy onshore. Both bays, located 200 km apart, face the Aleutian trench and harbor coastal evidence for tsunami inundation in 1957. Here we describe the evidence at Driftwood Bay, including eight sheets of landward-fining, normally-graded marine sand that extend up to 375 m inland and 23 m above mean tide level. Drift logs that corroborate historical accounts of 1957 tsunami runup on Umnak Island{\textquoteright}s Pacific coast overlie the youngest sand sheet, which 137Cs activity shows was deposited in the decade before 1963. The older sand sheets probably record tsunamis prior to 1957 because an emergent coastal terrace lacks evidence for storm-wave erosion and overwash since ca. 2 ka. Comparisons of the Driftwood Bay and Stardust Bay tsunami histories suggest that at least twice in the past 1700 years inundation occurred at one site but not the other. In contrast, Bayesian age-depth modeling suggests that the two bays may record five tsunamis like the 1957 tsunami, generated by earthquake ruptures that spanned the presently locked and creeping parts of the Aleutian megathrust. However, serial tsunamis occurring within days to centuries cannot be precluded. Our findings imply 164{\textendash}257-year recurrence intervals for large eastern Aleutian tsunamis and challenge the notion that creeping parts of the megathrust, inferred from geodesy onshore, pose lower earthquake and tsunami hazards than locked areas.},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/B32031.110.1130/2018296},
	url = {https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article/131/5-6/707/566656/Evidence-for-frequent-large-tsunamis-spanning},
	author = {Witter, Rob and Briggs, Rich and Engelhart, Simon E. and Gelfenbaum, Guy and Koehler, Rich D. and Nelson, Alan and Selle, SeanPaul La and Corbett, Reide and Wallace, Kristi}
}
@article {2637,
	title = {Evidence of Ice Age humans in eastern Beringia suggests early migration to North America},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {205},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-02-2019},
	pages = {35 - 44},
	abstract = {Our understanding of the timing and pathway of human arrival to the Americas remains an important and polarizing topic of debate in archaeology and anthropology. Traditional consensus, supported by archaeological and paleoenvironmental data, favors a {\textquoteright}swift peopling{\textquoteright} of the Americas from Asia via the Bering Land Bridge during the last Glacial termination. More recent genetic data and archaeological finds have challenged this view, proposing the {\textquoteright}Beringian standstill hypothesis{\textquoteright} (BSH), wherein a population of proto-Americans migrated from Asia during, or even prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and lived in Beringia for thousands of years before their eventual spread across the American continents. Using a sediment archive from Lake E5 (68.641667 degrees N, 149.457706 degrees W), located on Alaska{\textquoteright}s North Slope, we present new data supporting the BSH and shedding new light on the environmental impact of these early American populations. Fecal biomarkers support human presence in the environs of the lake, and our data demonstrate elevated biomass burning in this region during the last Glacial. Elevated burning defies the expectation that natural fires would be less frequent in the Arctic during the last Glacial, thereby suggesting human ignition as the likely culprit. Our data shed new light on the pathway and timing of human migration to the Americas and demonstrate the possibility of the sustainable coexistence of humans and the Ice Age megafauna in Beringia prior to their extinction. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Beringia, charcoal, Fecal sterols, Last Glacial, Paleofire, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.003},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379118307716https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379118307716?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379118307716?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Vachula, Richard S. and Huang, Yongsong and Longo, William M. and Dee, Sylvia G. and Daniels, William C. and Russell, James M.}
}
@article {2847,
	title = {Examining Coastal Dynamics and Archaeological Site Evidence at a Drowned Cirque Basin Influenced by Earthquakes and Little Ice Age Glaciation},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-07-2019},
	pages = {814},
	abstract = {This study contributes baseline information regarding the framework geology, drivers of coastal change, and archaeological record along the fjord-indented coastlines of southcentral Alaska. Field data were collected in July 2015 from James Lagoon, a 30-m-deep drowned cirque valley adjacent to McCarty Fjord in the Nuka Bay region of Kenai Fjords National Park. A 1790 CE terminal moraine deposited by McCarty Glacier extends across the cirque opening and delimits the lagoon. Acoustic surveys of the lagoon reveal bedrock overlain by deltaic, lacustrine, and marine facies containing beds that indicate past submarine landslides. Lagoon and marsh sediment cores contain coarse sand horizons interbedded with silt and peat, evidence of repeated low-frequency, high-intensity events. The largest of the event beds in the marine cores occurs near the surface and is likely associated with the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake (moment magnitude 9.2). Trees killed during the 1964 earthquake fringe the coastline and indicate \~{}2 m of coseismic subsidence. Radiocarbon ages of five exposed subfossil stumps indicate two pre-1964 subsidence events occurring between 1710 and 1789 and 1078 and 1125 median probability calendar year CE (cal CE). A Sugpiaq culture archaeological site dated to 1565 cal CE existed on the western shore of James Lagoon in the interval between these two events, possibly for proximity to an ice floe harbor seal rookery at McCarty Glacier. Archaeological site elevation above mean high water at James Lagoon and around Nuka Bay is inversely related to the extent of cumulative site erosion caused by coastal submergence during the last two great earthquakes. These combined findings lay the groundwork for future research and provide context to ongoing coastal hazards and their effects on cultural resources.},
	doi = {10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-18-00074.1},
	url = {https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-coastal-research/volume-35/issue-4/JCOASTRES-D-18-00074.1/Examining-Coastal-Dynamics-and-Archaeological-Site-Evidence-at-a-Drowned/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-18-00074.1.full},
	author = {Maio, Christopher V. and Crowell, Aron L. and Sullivan, Richard M. and Buzard, Richard M. and Whitley, Matthew A. and Bogardus, Reyce C. and Wit, Cary W. de}
}
@article {2861,
	title = {Early Holocene sea level in the Canadian Beaufort Sea constrained by radiocarbon dates from a deep borehole in the Mackenzie Trough, Arctic Canada},
	journal = {Boreas},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-10-2018},
	pages = {1102 - 1117},
	abstract = {Deglacial and Holocene relative sea level (RSL) in the Canadian Beaufort Sea was influenced by the timing and extent of glacial ice in the Mackenzie River corridor and adjacent coastal plains. Considerable evidence indicates extensive ice cover in this region of northwestern Canada during the Late Wisconsinan. However, no absolute ages exist to constrain maximum RSL lowering before the late Holocene (4.2{\textendash}0 ka). In 1984, the Geological Survey of Canada drilled an 81.5-m-deep borehole in the western Mackenzie Trough at 45 m water depth (MTW01). The lower 52.5 m of the borehole was interpreted as a deltaic progradational sequence deposited during a period of rising sea level. The upper 29 m was described as foraminifer-bearing marine sediments deposited after transgression of the site, when RSL rose above ~-74 m. Here, we present radiocarbon measurements from MTW01, acquired from benthic foraminifera, mollusc fragments and particulate organic carbon in the >63 μm fraction (POC>63 μm) in an attempt to constrain the chronology of sediments within this borehole and date the timing of transgression. The deepest carbonate macrofossil was acquired from 8 m above the transgressive surface (equivalent to 21 m b.s.l.), where mollusc fragments returned a date of 9400 +180{\textendash}260 cal. a BP (2σ). This provides the oldest constraint on Holocene sea-level lowering in the region, and implies that transgression at this site occurred prior to the early Holocene. Ages obtained from the lower 52.5 m of the borehole are limited to POC>63 μm samples. These indicate that progradational sediments were deposited rapidly after 24 820 +390{\textendash}380 cal. a BP (2σ). Due to the incorporation of older reworked organic matter, the actual age of progradation is likely to be younger, occurring after Late Wisconsinan glacial ice retreated from the coast.},
	doi = {10.1111/bor.12335},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bor.12335},
	author = {O{\textquoteright}Regan, Matt and Coxall, Helen and Hill, Philip and Hilton, Robert and Muschitiello, Francesco and Sw{\"a}rd, Henrik}
}
@article {2790,
	title = {Ecological history of a long-lived conifer in a disjunct population},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {106},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-01-2018},
	pages = {319 - 332},
	abstract = {    In northern Idaho (USA), more than 100 vascular plant species are disjunct >160 km from their main distribution along the Pacific Northwest coast. It remains unclear whether most species within this interior forest disjunction, including Tsuga mertensiana, survived the last glacial period in a north-Idaho refugium or whether these species colonized the region via long-distance dispersal during the Holocene.
    Sediment cores were extracted from three mid- to high-elevation lakes within T. mertensiana-dominated forests in the Northern Rocky Mountains of Idaho. Pollen and macrofossils were used to reconstruct forest composition, determine the timing of T. mertensiana establishment, examine the hypothesis that the region was a glacial refugium, and contrast how climate, competition and/or dispersal limitation have influenced its modern distribution.
    The modern distribution of T. mertensiana was analysed by constructing a range map and modelling the potential species distribution. The presence of outlier populations surrounding the Idaho disjunction along with broad areas of unoccupied suitable habitat indicates that the range of T. mertensiana is currently expanding. To assess the accuracy of T. mertensiana pollen at detecting its range limit, a network of pollen surface samples was used to analyse the probability of detecting T. mertensiana pollen as a function of distance from its geographical range limit. Consistent T. mertensiana pollen occurrence at >=1\% abundance is likely only within 42 km of its range limit.
    Tsuga mertensiana first appears in the pollen and macrofossil record at the highest-elevation site at c. 4,100 cal year bp, then at the next highest-elevation site at c. 1,600 cal year bp, and last at the mid-elevation site at 800 cal year bp. Tsuga mertensiana pollen occurs continuously at >=1\% at all three sites by c. 300 cal year bp suggesting regional presence. The timing of arrival suggests that T. mertensiana is a recent component of the forests of Idaho, having arrived during the Holocene via long-distance dispersal from coastal populations over 160 km away.
    Synthesis. Comparison with palaeoclimate reconstructions from the broader region suggests that climate was a greater limiting factor than dispersal in the Holocene establishment in the interior, indicating little difficulty overcoming a large dispersal barrier. However, T. mertensiana remained at low abundances for millennia until Little Ice Age climates promoted its recent increase in abundance. Unoccupied areas of suitable habitat suggest that competition, rather than climate or dispersal, is a limiting range infilling in the interior mesic forests today.
},
	keywords = {climate, disjunction, dispersal, Holocene, Idaho, mertensiana, Palaeoecology, pollen, refugia, Tsuga},
	doi = {10.1111/1365-2745.12826},
	url = {https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2745.12826},
	author = {Herring, Erin M. and Gavin, Daniel G. and Dobrowski, Solomon Z. and Fernandez, Matias and Hu, Feng Sheng},
	editor = {Gill, Jacquelyn}
}
@article {2789,
	title = {The effect of sample drying temperature on marine particulate organic carbon composition},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography: Methods},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-05-2018},
	pages = {286 - 298},
	abstract = {Compositional changes in marine particulate organic carbon (POC) throughout the water column trace important processes that underlie the biological pump{\textquoteright}s efficiency. While labor-intensive, particle sampling efforts offer potential to expand the empirical POC archive at different stages in the water column, provided that organic composition is sufficiently preserved between sampling and analysis. The standard procedure for preserving organic matter composition in marine samples is to immediately store particles at -80{\textdegree}C to -20{\textdegree}C until they can be freeze-dried for analysis. This report investigates the effect of warmer drying and storage temperatures on POC composition, which applies to the majority of POC samples collected in the field without intention for organic analysis. Particle samples collected off Woods Hole, Massachusetts were immediately dried at 56{\textdegree}C, at room temperature, or stored in a freezer until freeze-drying. Results show that oven- and air-drying did not shift the bulk composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen content and stable isotope composition) of POC in the samples relative to freeze-drying. Similarly, warmer drying temperatures did not affect POC thermal stability, as inferred by ramped pyrolysis/oxidation, a growing technique that uses a continuous temperature ramp to differentiate components of organic carbon by their decomposition temperature. Oven- and air-drying did depress lipid abundances relative to freeze-drying, the extent of which depended on compound size and structure. The data suggest that field samples dried at room temperatures and 56{\textdegree}C are appropriate for assessing bulk POC composition and thermal stability, but physical mechanisms such as molecular volatilization bias their lipid composition.},
	doi = {10.1002/lom3.v16.510.1002/lom3.10245},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324893072_The_effect_of_sample_drying_temperature_on_marine_particulate_organic_carbon_composition},
	author = {Rosengard, Sarah Z. and Lam, Phoebe J. and McNichol, Ann P. and Johnson, Carl G. and Galy, Valier V.}
}
@article {2895,
	title = {Effects of the Younger Dryas climate event recorded in sediment near the western Irish seaboard},
	journal = {Geological Journal},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-03-2018},
	pages = {647 - 659},
	abstract = {Results of analyses of a shallow marine sediment vibrocore from the Atlantic seafloor just west of the Aran Islands, western Ireland, are presented. The sediments range from ~16,000 to younger than 9,000 cal BP in age, based on 14C dating of foraminifers and molluscs. One sample within the core is dated at 12804 {\textpm} 125 cal BP and lies a very short distance stratigraphically below a conspicuous horizon containing isolated pebbles and sand-size clasts, in what is an otherwise fine-grained sequence of sediment. These outsized clasts are interpreted to be ice-rafted debris. Approximately coeval with this horizon, the diversity and abundance of foraminifers decrease significantly and the foraminifer Nonionellina labradorica makes its first appearance in the core sediment. Stable isotope analysis shows a significant increase in values of δ18O approaching the horizon containing ice-rafted debris. These results show the effects of a relatively sudden cooling of this part of the Atlantic Ocean at middle latitudes coincident with, or just after, the onset of the Younger Dryas event and demonstrate the extent of floating icebergs and probable later pack ice as a result of this temperature decrease.},
	keywords = {Atlantic Ocean, Foraminifers, Holocene, ice rafted debris, Ireland, sediment core, Younger Dryas},
	doi = {10.1002/gj.v53.210.1002/gj.2918},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/gj.2918},
	author = {Wood, Bill L. and Williams, D. Michael and Murray, John},
	editor = {Somerville, I.}
}
@article {2843,
	title = {The Effects of Tropical Cyclone-Generated Deposition on the Sustainability of the Pearl River Marsh, Louisiana: The Importance of the Geologic FrameworkPresentation_1.PPTX},
	journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Aug-11-2019},
	abstract = {Shoreline retreat is a tremendously important issue along the coast of the northern Gulf of Mexico, especially in Louisiana. Although this marine transgression results from a variety of causes, the crucial factor is the difference between marsh surface elevation and rising sea levels. In most cases, the primary cause of a marsh{\textquoteright}s inability to keep up with sea level is the lack of input of inorganic material. Although tropical cyclones provide an important source of such sediment, little effort has been made to determine the point of origin of the deposited material. In this study we use sedimentary, geochemical and biogeochemical data to identify the bed of the Pearl River and/or Lake Borgne as the source of a ~5 cm thick clastic layer deposited on the surface of the Pearl River marsh on the Louisiana/Mississippi border. Radiochemical chronologies and sedimentary evidence indicate that this layer was associated with the passage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. As this material would otherwise have been lost to the system, this deposition indicates a net gain to marsh surface elevation. Accretion rates, determined from 137Cs and 14C profiles and the use of the Katrina layer as a stratigraphic marker, indicate that short-term (~50 years) rates are as much as an order of magnitude higher than the long- term (1000s of years) rates. We suggest that the marsh{\textquoteright}s geologic setting in an incised river valley with steep vertical constraints and a large fluvial discharge, promotes rapid accretion rates, with rates accelerating as the sea moves inland, due to extended hydroperiods and the input of clastic material from both the marine and terrestrial sides. These rates are especially large when compared to accretion occurring in the more common open marshes fringing the Gulf that lack fluvial input. The difference is particularly large when related to marsh recovery/regrowth following the deposition of thick hurricane-generated clastic layers. Given the number of similar incised river valleys along the Gulf Coast, we believe that understanding the processes controlling marsh accretion in such environments is essential in evaluating marsh sustainability on a regional basis.},
	doi = {10.3389/fevo.2018.00179},
	url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fevo.2018.00179/full},
	author = {McCloskey, Terrence A. and Smith, Christopher G. and Liu, Kam-biu and Nelson, Paul R.}
}
@article {2722,
	title = {The Ephemeral Signature of Permafrost Carbon in an Arctic Fluvial Network},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {123},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jul-05-2018},
	pages = {1475 - 1485},
	abstract = {Arctic fluvial networks process, outgas, and transport significant quantities of terrestrial organic carbon (C), particularly dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The proportion of permafrost C in these fluxes, however, is poorly constrained. A primary obstacle to the quantification of permafrost-derived DOC is that it is rapidly respired without leaving a unique tracer of its presence. In this study, we investigated the production of bacterial respiratory carbon dioxide (CO2; measured as dissolved inorganic carbon; DIC) during maximum late-summer thaw in sites spanning a fluvial network (Kolyma Basin, Siberia) to assess whether the biodegradation of permafrost DOC could be detected by the presence of a persistent aged (14C-depleted) signature on the DIC pool. Using Keeling plot interpretation of DIC produced in bioincubations of river water, we show that bacteria respire varying sources of DOC moving downstream through the fluvial network. Respiration of permafrost (production of aged CO2) was only detected in heavily permafrost thaw influenced sites. In nonpermafrost thaw impacted sites, ambient DIC was modern (14C-enriched), but rather than precluding the respiration of permafrost OC upstream, we suggest that 14C-depleted DIC is overwhelmed by modern DIC. Investigation of dissolved organic matter composition via Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry highlighted that elevated levels of aliphatic and nitrogen-containing compounds were associated with the production of aged DIC, providing molecular-level insight as to why permafrost-derived dissolved organic matter is rapidly respired. Overall, results from this study demonstrate the difficulty of tracing inputs of a highly reactive substrate to systems with diverse organic matter sources.},
	issn = {2169-8953},
	doi = {10.1029/2017JG004311},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2017JG004311},
	author = {Drake, Travis W. and Guillemette, Fran{\c c}ois and Hemingway, Jordon D. and Chanton, Jeffery P. and Podgorski, David C. and Zimov, Nikita S. and Spencer, Robert G. M.}
}
@article {2811,
	title = {Evidence for Stable Holocene Basin-Scale Overturning Circulation Despite Variable Currents Along the Deep Western Boundary of the North Atlantic Ocean},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Apr-12-2020},
	abstract = {While substantial changes in thermohaline circulation related to deglacial climate variability are well established, the role of this circulation in Holocene climate variability remains uncertain. Here we use two dynamical proxies, 231Pa/230Th ratios and mean sortable silt size ( urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl58406:grl58406-math-0001), to reconstruct Holocene bottom water circulation at the intermediate-depth Carolina Slope. We find no substantial change in deep current speed or 231Pa export at this site during the Holocene, suggesting consistent 231Pa export via the Deep Western Boundary Current. urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl58406:grl58406-math-0002 shows increasing millennial-scale variability in the middle-late Holocene, which may reflect Labrador Sea Water contribution to current speed. We conclude that deepwater export from the North Atlantic has remained remarkably stable during the Holocene, decoupled from changing rates of specific water masses, while production of these water masses varied at millennial to centennial time scales. The persistence of the large-scale overturning may reflect the ocean{\textquoteright}s stabilizing influence on Holocene climate.},
	keywords = {chemical tracers, interglacial, Radioactivity and radioisotopes, sedimentation (1861), thermohaline},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2018GL080187},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018GL080187},
	author = {Hoffmann, Sharon S. and McManus, Jerry F. and Swank, Emerson}
}
@article {Bradford2017246,
	title = {Elucidating carbon sources driving microbial metabolism during oil sands reclamation},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},
	volume = {188},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {246 - 254},
	abstract = {Abstract Microbial communities play key roles in remediation and reclamation of contaminated environments via biogeochemical cycling of organic and inorganic components. Understanding the trends in in situ microbial community abundance, metabolism and carbon sources is therefore a crucial component of effective site management. The focus of this study was to use radiocarbon analysis to elucidate the carbon sources driving microbial metabolism within the first pilot wetland reclamation project in the Alberta oil sands region where the observation of \{H2S\} had indicated the occurrence of microbial sulphate reduction. The reclamation project involved construction of a three compartment system consisting of a freshwater wetland on top of a sand cap overlying a composite tailings (CT) deposit. Radiocarbon analysis demonstrated that both dissolved and sediment associated organic carbon associated with the deepest compartments (the \{CT\} and sand cap) was primarily fossil (Δ14C~=~-769 to~-955{\textperthousand}) while organic carbon in the overlying peat was hundreds to thousands of years old (Δ14C~=~-250 to~-350{\textperthousand}). Radiocarbon contents of sediment associated microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) were consistent with the sediment bulk organic carbon pools (Peat: Δ14CPLFA~=~-257{\textperthousand}; Sand cap Δ14CPLFA~=~-805{\textperthousand}) indicating that these microbes were using sediment associated carbon. In contrast, microbial \{PLFA\} grown on biofilm units installed in wells within the deepest compartments contained much more modern carbon that the associated bulk carbon pools. This implied that the transfer of relatively more modern carbon was stimulating the microbial community at depth within the system. Correlation between cellular abundance estimates based on \{PLFA\} concentrations and the Δ14CPLFA indicated that the utilization of this more modern carbon was stimulating the microbial community at depth. These results highlight the importance of understanding the occurrence and potential outcomes of the introduction of relatively bioavailable carbon to mine wastes in order to predict and manage the performance of reclamation strategies.},
	keywords = {Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA)},
	issn = {0301-4797},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.029},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479716309045},
	author = {Lauren M. Bradford and Lori A. Ziolkowski and Corey Goad and Lesley A. Warren and Gregory F. Slater}
}
@article {2827,
	title = {Equilibrium line altitudes along the Andes during the Last millennium: Paleoclimatic implications},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Feb-07-2018},
	pages = {1019 - 1033},
	abstract = {Deciphering the climate changes that influenced the glacial fluctuations of the last millennium requires documenting the spatial and temporal patterns of these glacial events. Here, we estimate the change in equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) between the most prominent glacial advance of the last millennium and the present for four alpine glaciers located in different climatic regimes along the Andes. For each glacier, we reconstruct scenarios of climatic conditions (temperature and precipitation anomalies) that accommodate the observed ELA changes. We focus on the following glaciers: an alpine glacier in the Cordillera Vilcanota (13{\textdegree}S), Tapado glacier (30{\textdegree}S), Cipreses glacier (34{\textdegree}S), and Tranquilo glacier (47{\textdegree}S). Our results show that the range of possible temperature and precipitation anomalies that accommodate the observed ELA changes overlap significantly at three of the four sites (i.e. Vilcanota, Cipreses, and Tranquilo). Only Tapado glacier exhibits a set of climate anomalies that differs from the other three sites. Assuming no change in precipitation, the estimated ELA changes require a cooling of at least 0.7{\textdegree}C in the Cordillera Vilcanota, 1.0{\textdegree}C at Tapado glacier, 0.6{\textdegree}C at Cipreses glacier, and 0.7{\textdegree}C at Tranquilo glacier. Conversely, assuming no change in temperature, the estimated ELA changes are explained by increases in precipitation exceeding 0.52 m yr-1 (64\% of the annual precipitation) in the Cordillera Vilcanota, 0.31 m yr-1 (89\%) at Tapado glacier, 0.22 m yr-1 (27\%) at Cipreses glacier, and 0.3 m yr-1 (27\%) at Tranquilo glacier. By mapping the ELA changes and modeling the potential climate forcing across diverse climate settings, we aim to contribute toward documenting the spatial variability of climate conditions during the last millennium, a key step to decipher the mechanisms underlying the glacial fluctuation that occurred during this period.},
	keywords = {Andes, equilibrium line altitude, glacial fluctuations, glacial reconstruction, Holocene, last millennium},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683616678458},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683616678458},
	author = {Sagredo, Esteban A and Lowell, Thomas V and Kelly, Meredith A and Rupper, Summer and Aravena, Juan Carlos and Ward, Dylan J and Malone, Andrew GO}
}
@article {2474,
	title = {Erosion of modern terrestrial organic matter as a major component of sediments in fjords},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {442824441945245112168105110293225215662639493436151675187268234320723424507431438414191121427211539259},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Apr-02-2018},
	pages = {1457 - 1465},
	abstract = {Fjords have recently been recognized as {\textquotedblleft}hot spots{\textquotedblright} of carbon burial. In this study, we investigated organic carbon (OC) and biomarker radiocarbon values in fjord sediments from New Zealand. Our results showed that OC was mostly modern with the most aged OC in middle reaches of fjords, likely related to hydrodynamic sorting and inputs along adjacent slopes. Radiocarbon ages of sedimentary OC increased from north-to-south, consistent with the Fiordland regional gradients of lower fjord slopes and less rainfall. Our biomarker results suggested that lignin and long-chain fatty acids were preferentially linked with fresh terrestrial debris and degraded soil, respectively, likely due to their chemical and physical properties. Finally, we propose that fjords are a significant sink of modern OC, in contrast to large lowland coastal systems as a major sink of preaged OC. Overall, this study indicated that radiocarbon techniques are critical in investigating carbon dynamics in coastal systems.},
	doi = {10.1002/2016GL072260},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2016GL072260http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/2016GL072260/fullpdfhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2F2016GL072260},
	author = {Cui, Xingqian and Bianchi, Thomas S. and Savage, Candida}
}
@article {2571,
	title = {Evidence for coseismic subsidence events in a southern California coastal saltmarsh},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Aug-03-2018},
	pages = {44615},
	abstract = {Paleoenvironmental records from a southern California coastal saltmarsh reveal evidence for repeated late Holocene coseismic subsidence events. Field analysis of sediment gouge cores established discrete lithostratigraphic units extend across the wetland. Detailed sediment analyses reveal abrupt changes in lithology, percent total organic matter, grain size, and magnetic susceptibility. Microfossil analyses indicate that predominantly freshwater deposits bury relic intertidal deposits at three distinct depths. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the three burial events occurred in the last 2000 calendar years. Two of the three events are contemporaneous with large-magnitude paleoearthquakes along the Newport-Inglewood/Rose Canyon fault system. From these data, we infer that during large magnitude earthquakes a step-over along the fault zone results in the vertical displacement of an approximately 5-km2 area that is consistent with the footprint of an estuary identified in pre-development maps. These findings provide insight on the evolution of the saltmarsh, coseismic deformation and earthquake recurrence in a wide area of southern California, and sensitive habitat already threatened by eustatic sea level rise.},
	keywords = {Geomorphology, Natural hazards, Structural geology, tectonics},
	doi = {10.1038/srep44615},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/srep44615},
	author = {Leeper, Robert and Rhodes, Brady and Kirby, Matthew and Scharer, Katherine and Carlin, Joseph and Hemphill-Haley, Eileen and Avnaim-Katav, Simona and MacDonald, Glen and Starratt, Scott and Aranda, Angela}
}
@article {2471,
	title = {Evolutionary {\textquotedblleft}Bet-Hedgers{\textquotedblright} under Cultivation: Investigating the Domestication of Erect Knotweed (Polygonum erectum L.)~using Growth Experiments},
	journal = {Human Ecology},
	volume = {451072rspb2010070712131513581318177327257912425250103106757712621},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-04-2017},
	pages = {189 - 203},
	abstract = {Evolutionary {\textquotedblleft}bet-hedging{\textquotedblright} refers to situations in which organisms sacrifice mean fitness for a reduction in fitness variance over time. Germination heteromorphism is the quintessential and most well understood bet-hedging strategy. It has evolved in many different plants, including the wild progenitors of some crops. Erect knotweed (Polygonum erectum L.), an annual seed crop, was cultivated in Eastern North America between c. 3000{\textendash}600 BP. By c. 900 BP, cultivation had produced a domesticated subspecies with greatly reduced germination heteromorphism. Field observations and greenhouse experiments suggest that cultivation eliminated the selective pressures that maintain the bet-hedging strategy in erect knotweed, while humans also directly selected for seeds that germinated reliably and for seedlings with rapid early growth. The protection provided to erect knotweed under cultivation explains the domestication syndrome that has been observed in some archaeological assemblages. Dormancy provides seeds a means of escaping adverse conditions in time, while dispersal provides an escape in space. Farmers relaxed selective pressures that maintained dormancy in erect knotweed by acting as seed dispersers, spreading disturbance-adapted plants to predictable and protected environments, and by saving and exchanging seed stock. Experimental data also indicate that adaptive transgenerational plasticity may have been working against the expression of domestication syndrome in this case.},
	keywords = {Domestication, Eastern agricultural complex North America, Erect knotweed, Evolutionary bet-hedging, Experimental archaeology},
	issn = {0300-7839},
	doi = {10.1007/s10745-016-9881-2},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10745-016-9881-2http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10745-016-9881-2.pdfhttp://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10745-016-9881-2.pdfhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10745-016-9881-2/fulltext.html},
	author = {Mueller, Natalie G.}
}
@article {2697,
	title = {The experimental flow to the Colorado River delta: Effects on carbon mobilization in a dry watercourse},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
	volume = {122},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-03-2017},
	pages = {607 - 627},
	abstract = {Here we report on the effects of an experimental flood on the carbon cycling dynamics in the dry watercourse of the Colorado River in Mexico. We observed post-flood differences in the degree of decay, age, and concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), as well as dissolved CH4 and CO2 concentrations throughout the study site. Our results indicate that this flooded waterway was a limited source of CH4 and CO2 to the atmosphere during the event and that DOC age increased with time of flooding. Based on our findings, we suggest that the interplay between storage and mobilization of carbon and greenhouse gases in arid and semiarid regions is potentially sensitive to changing climate conditions, particularly hydrologic variability. Changes in the radiocarbon age of DOC throughout the flooding event suggest that organic matter (OM) that had been stored for long periods (e.g., millennial) was mobilized by the flooding event along with CO2. The OM residing in the dry riverbed that was mobilized into floodwaters had a signature reflective of degraded vascular plant OM and microbial biomass. Whether this microbial OM was living or dead, our findings support previous work in soils and natural waters showing that microbial OM can remain stable and stored in ecosystems for long time periods. As human appropriation of water resources continues to increase, the episodic drying and rewetting of once natural riverbeds and deltas may fundamentally alter the processing and storage of carbon in such systems.},
	keywords = {carbon cycling, Colorado River, dry watercourse, flooding, greenhouse gases, mobilization},
	doi = {10.1002/2016JG003555},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JG003555},
	author = {Bianchi, Thomas S. and Butman, David and Raymond, Peter A. and Ward, Nicholas D. and Kates, Rory J. S. and Flessa, Karl W. and Zamora, Hector and Arellano, Ana R. and Ramirez, Jorge and Rodriguez, Eliana}
}
@article {Kemp201713,
	title = {Extended late Holocene relative sea-level histories for North Carolina, \{USA\}},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {160},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {13 - 30},
	abstract = {Abstract We produced \~{}3000-year long relative sea-level (RSL) histories for two sites in North Carolina (USA) using foraminifera preserved in new and existing cores of dated salt-marsh sediment. At Cedar Island, \{RSL\} rose by \~{}2.4~m during the past \~{}3000 years compared to \~{}3.3~m~at Roanoke Island. This spatial difference arises primarily from differential \{GIA\} that caused late Holocene \{RSL\} rise to be 0.1{\textendash}0.2~mm/yr faster at Roanoke Island than at Cedar Island. However, a non-linear difference in \{RSL\} between the two study regions (particularly from \~{}0 \{CE\} to \~{}1250 CE) indicates that additional local- to regional-scale processes drove centennial-scale \{RSL\} change in North Carolina. Therefore, the Cedar Island and Roanoke Island records should be considered as independent of one another. Between-site differences on sub-millennial timescales cannot be adequately explained by non-stationary tides, sediment compaction, or local sediment dynamics. We propose that a period of accelerating \{RSL\} rise from \~{}600 \{CE\} to 1100 \{CE\} that is present at Roanoke Island (and other sites north of Cape Hatteras at least as far as Connecticut), but absent at Cedar Island (and other sites south of Cape Hatteras at least as far as northeastern Florida) is a local-to regional-scale effect of dynamic ocean and/or atmospheric circulation.},
	keywords = {Salt marsh},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.012},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379116304759},
	author = {Andrew C. Kemp and Jessica J. Kegel and Stephen J. Culver and Donald C. Barber and David J. Mallinson and Eduardo Leorri and Christopher E. Bernhardt and Niamh Cahill and Stanley R. Riggs and Anna L. Woodson and Ryan P. Mulligan and Benjamin P. Horton}
}
@article {2473,
	title = {An Extinct Domesticated Subspecies of Erect Knotweed in Eastern North America: <i>Polygonum erectum</i>               subsp. <i>watsoniae</i>               (Polygonaceae)},
	journal = {Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-04-2018},
	pages = {166 - 179},
	abstract = {This paper provides a description of an extinct domesticated subspecies of erect knotweed (Polygonum erectum L.). Masses of erect knotweed achenes are often recovered from archaeological sites in eastern North America dating to ca. 3000{\textendash}600 BP. Several paleoethnobotanical assemblages from the later part of this era (ca. 1000{\textendash}600 BP) contain achenes that are outside the range of natural variation for erect knotweed. The most well preserved of these archaeological assemblages, a desiccated cache of achenes from the Whitney Bluff site, Arkansas (ca. 900 BP), is compared to four closely related species and subspecies of Polygonum L. The Whitney Bluff achenes are most similar to those of P. erectum, but differ from modern fruits of this species in three respects: (1) fruits are larger, (2) average pericarp thickness is reduced, and (3) fruit dimorphism is greatly reduced. These differences are typical of domestication syndrome in annual seed crops. The Whitney Bluff assemblage is described as the type specimen of a domesticated subspecies, P. erectum subsp. watsoniae N. G. Muell.},
	keywords = {Domestication, Eastern Agricultural Complex, fruit morphology, paleoethnobotany, Polygonum},
	issn = {1055-3177},
	doi = {10.3417/2016005},
	url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.3417/2016005http://www.bioone.org/doi/full-xml/10.3417/2016005},
	author = {Mueller, Natalie G.}
}
@article {2507,
	title = {Extreme waves in the British Virgin Islands during the last centuries before 1500 CE},
	journal = {Geosphere},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jul-04-2019},
	pages = {301 - 368},
	abstract = {Extraordinary marine inundation scattered clasts southward on the island of Anegada, 120 km south of the Puerto Rico Trench, sometime between 1200 and 1480 calibrated years (cal yr) CE. Many of these clasts were likely derived from a fringing reef and from the sandy flat that separates the reef from the island{\textquoteright}s north shore. The scattered clasts include no fewer than 200 coral boulders, mapped herein for the first time and mainly found hundreds of meters inland. Many of these are complete colonies of the brain coral Diploria strigosa. Other coral species represented include Orbicella (formerly Montastraea) annu-laris, Porites astreoides, and Acropora palmata. Associated bioclastic carbonate sand locally contains articulated cobble-size valves of the lucine Codakia orbicularis and entire conch shells of Strombus gigas, mollusks that still inhabit the sandy shallows between the island{\textquoteright}s north shore and a fringing reef beyond. italicmbricated limestone slabs are clustered near some of the coral boulders. In addition, fields of scattered limestone boulders and cobbles near sea level extend mainly southward from limestone sources as much as 1 km inland. Radiocarbon ages have been obtained from 27 coral clasts, 8 lucine valves, and 3 conch shells. All these additional ages predate 1500 cal yr CE, all but 2 are in the range 1000{\textendash}1500 cal yr CE, and 16 of 22 brain coral ages cluster in the range 1200{\textendash}1480 cal yr CE. The event marked by these coral and mollusk clasts likely occurred in the last centuries before Columbus (before 1492 CE).

The pre-Columbian deposits surpass Anegada{\textquoteright}s previously reported evidence for extreme waves in post-Columbian time. The coarsest of the modern storm deposits consist of coral rubble that lines the north shore and sandy fans on the south shore; neither of these storm deposits extends more than 50 m inland. More extensive overwash, perhaps by the 1755 Lisbon tsunami, is marked primarily by a sheet of sand and shells found mainly below sea level beneath the floors of modern salt ponds. This sheet extends more than 1 km southward from the north shore and dates to the interval 1650{\textendash}1800 cal yr CE. Unlike the pre-Columbian deposits, it lacks coarse clasts from the reef or reef flat; its shell assemblage is instead dominated by cerithid gastropods that were merely stirred up from a marine pond in the island{\textquoteright}s interior.

In their inland extent and clustered pre-Columbian ages, the coral clasts and associated deposits suggest extreme waves unrivaled in recent millennia at Anegada. Bioclastic sand coats limestone 4 m above sea level in areas 0.7 and 1.3 km from the north shore. A coral boulder of nearly 1 m3 is 3 km from the north shore by way of an unvegetated path near sea level. As currently understood, the extreme flooding evidenced by these and other clasts represents either an extraordinary storm or a tsunami of nearby origin. The storm would need to have produced tsunami-like bores similar to those of 2013 Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. Normal faults and a thrust fault provide nearby tsunami sources along the eastern Puerto Rico Trench. },
	issn = {1553-040X},
	doi = {10.1130/GES01356.110.1130/GES01356.S110.1130/GES01356.S2},
	url = {http://geosphere.gsapubs.org/lookup/doi/10.1130/GES01356.1},
	author = {Atwater, Brian F. and ten Brink, Uri S. and Cescon, Anna Lisa and Feuillet, Nathalie and Fuentes, Zamara and Halley, Robert B. and {\~n}ez, Carlos and Reinhardt, Eduard G. and Roger, Jean H. and Sawai, Yuki and Spiske, Michaela and Tuttle, Martitia P. and Wei, Yong and Weil-Accardo, Jennifer}
}
@article { ISI:000379358300021,
	title = {Effects of seafloor diagenesis on planktic foraminiferal radiocarbon ages},
	journal = {GEOLOGY},
	volume = {44},
	number = {{7}},
	year = {2016},
	month = {JUL},
	pages = {551-554},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon (C-14) ages obtained from planktic foraminiferal calcite are a mainstay for reconstructing ocean-climate change and carbon cycle dynamics of the past 30 k.y., yet the effects of diagenesis on this vital chronometer are poorly constrained. Here, we address this shortcoming by comparing C-14 ages and trace element ratios (Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca) of planktic foraminifera with white, opaque shells deemed well preserved by traditional standards to those with exquisitely preserved translucent shells. Results support a diagenetic mechanism as opaque shells yield C-14 ages invariably older and trace element ratios consistently higher than those of translucent shells. Radiocarbon age offsets are particularly pronounced in mono-specific samples taken from stratigraphic horizons proximal to the delta O-18 maximum marking the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the subsequent deglacial. Radiocarbon-based calendar ages of translucent shells from the two intervals are congruent with the established age ranges for these climate events, whereas those of co-occurring opaque shells overestimate the LGM and deglacial by 8-15 k.y. and 14-22 k.y., respectively. These results demonstrate that the use of translucent foraminifera enhances reproducibility and accuracy of C-14 ages by minimizing the deleterious effects of diagenesis. This study serves as a cautionary tale since white, opaque foraminifera are common in pelagic sediments, and C-14 ages derived from their ostensibly well-preserved shells can lead to discrepancies in the timing of Quaternary climate events and ocean circulation reconstructions.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G37864.1},
	author = {Wycech, Jody and Kelly, D. Clay and Marcott, Shaun}
}
@article {2493,
	title = {Evidence for elevated coastal vulnerability following large-scale historical oyster bed harvesting},
	journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jun-06-2018},
	pages = {1136 - 1143},
	abstract = {Living coastal barriers, such as coral reefs, tidal marshes, mangroves and shellfish beds are widely recognized for their potential role in mitigating flood risk. Limited data exists, however, for assessing the effectiveness of these natural defenses as forms of flood mitigation. In particular, very few mature shellfish beds exist today for modern study due to their destruction in the past few centuries. As an alternative method of study, we present here sedimentary reconstructions of storm overwash from coastal ponds internal to New York Harbor. We use these reconstructions to show that the initial degradation of oyster beds following European settlement of the area coincides with a significant increase in wave-derived overwash deposition at all three of our field sites. Numerical simulations of two flood events of record in the harbor (Hurricane Sandy and a severe winter storm in 1992) were run without and with oyster beds of varying heights (1 m above the seafloor-to-intertidal). Simulations show that the removal of these oyster beds increases wave energy directly off-shore of our field sites by between 30\% and 200\%. Sedimentary reconstructions and wave modeling experiments therefore both support oyster beds serving as a significant form of coastal protection prior to European disturbance. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2016 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	doi = {10.1002/esp.v41.810.1002/esp.3931},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/esp.v41.8http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/esp.3931https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002\%2Fesp.3931},
	author = {Brandon, Christine M. and Woodruff, Jonathan D. and Orton, Philip M. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P.}
}
@article {lenz_evidence_2016,
	title = {Evidence of multiple thermokarst lake generations from an 11 800-year-old permafrost core on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska},
	journal = {Boreas},
	volume = {45},
	number = {4},
	year = {2016},
	note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/bor.12186},
	month = {06/2016},
	pages = {584{\textendash}603},
	abstract = {Permafrost degradation influences the morphology, biogeochemical cycling and hydrology of Arctic landscapes over a range of time scales. To reconstruct temporal patterns of early to late Holocene permafrost and thermokarst dynamics, site-specific palaeo-records are needed. Here we present a multi-proxy study of a 350-cm-long permafrost core from a drained lake basin on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska, revealing Lateglacial to Holocene thermokarst lake dynamics in a central location of Beringia. Use of radiocarbon dating, micropalaeontology (ostracods and testaceans), sedimentology (grain-size analyses, magnetic susceptibility, tephra analyses), geochemistry (total nitrogen and carbon, total organic carbon, δ13Corg) and stable water isotopes (δ18O, δD, d excess) of ground ice allowed the reconstruction of several distinct thermokarst lake phases. These include a pre-lacustrine environment at the base of the core characterized by the Devil Mountain Maar tephra (22 800{\textpm}280 cal. a BP, Unit A), which has vertically subsided in places due to subsequent development of a deep thermokarst lake that initiated around 11 800 cal. a BP (Unit B). At about 9000 cal. a BP this lake transitioned from a stable depositional environment to a very dynamic lake system (Unit C) characterized by fluctuating lake levels, potentially intermediate wetland development, and expansion and erosion of shore deposits. Complete drainage of this lake occurred at 1060 cal. a BP, including post-drainage sediment freezing from the top down to 154 cm and gradual accumulation of terrestrial peat (Unit D), as well as uniform upward talik refreezing. This core-based reconstruction of multiple thermokarst lake generations since 11 800 cal. a BP improves our understanding of the temporal scales of thermokarst lake development from initiation to drainage, demonstrates complex landscape evolution in the ice-rich permafrost regions of Central Beringia during the Lateglacial and Holocene, and enhances our understanding of biogeochemical cycles in thermokarst-affected regions of the Arctic.},
	issn = {1502-3885},
	doi = {10.1111/bor.12186},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bor.12186},
	author = {Lenz, Josefine and Wetterich, Sebastian and Jones, Benjamin M. and Meyer, Hanno and Bobrov, Anatoly and Grosse, Guido}
}
@article { ISI:000364884400008,
	title = {Early deglacial onset of southwestern Greenland ice-sheet retreat on the continental shelf},
	journal = {QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS},
	volume = {128},
	year = {2015},
	month = {NOV 15},
	pages = {117-126},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) advanced onto the continental shelf during the last glacial period. While deglacial records for when the GrIS withdrew onto the modern coastline are relatively abundant, the timing of early GrIS retreat on the shelf is poorly constrained. Here we use planktic foraminiferal delta O-18, sediment grain size, sedimentation rates, and C-14 ages in southeastern Davis Strait core HU87033-008 to develop an early deglaciation chronology of the southwestern GrIS while on the continental shelf. Sedimentation rates, and especially silt and clay fractions, are high between similar to 20.5 and similar to 17.1 ka, suggesting that the southwestern GrIS margin was near or at the shelf break, where it released subglacially derived sediment-laden meltwater. A peak in sedimentation rates of similar to 110 cm ka(-1) between similar to 19.3 ka and similar to 18.6 ka, combined with an initial decrease in planktic delta O-18 of similar to 0.5 per mil, suggests an early deglacial pull back of the GrIS margin from the shelf break with a concurrent increase in surface ocean meltwater discharge. A subsequent planktic delta O-18 decrease of similar to 1.0 per mil combined with a drop in silt and clay sedimentation rates at 18-17 ka likely record further GrIS retreat inland from the shelf break. Terrestrial Be-10 surface exposure ages indicate that the GrIS margin remained on the continental shelf until similar to 11 ka, yet the cause of this subsequent ice-margin stability on the inner shelf is not known. Our new records provide the first evidence that the southwestern GrIS margin may have begun to deglaciate at the same time as other Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. As Labrador Sea water temperatures likely remained near glacial values until similar to 15 ka, we suggest that initial southwestern GrIS retreat was in response to rising global sea level from retreat of other ice sheets and/or the initial deglacial rise in boreal summer insolation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Davis Strait, Deglaciation, Greenland, Retreat forcings, sea level, Sedimentation rate},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.008},
	author = {Winsor, Kelsey and Carlson, Anders E. and Welke, Bethany M. and Reilly, Brendan}
}
@article { ISI:000364572000008,
	title = {An effective method of UV-oxidation of dissolved organic carbon in natural waters for radiocarbon analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA},
	volume = {14},
	number = {{6}},
	year = {2015},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {989-993},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon (C-14) measurement of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a very powerful tool to study the sources, transformation and cycling of carbon in the ocean. The technique, however, remains great challenges for complete and successful oxidation of sufficient DOC with low blanks for high precision carbon isotopic ratio analysis, largely due to the overwhelming proportion of salts and low DOC concentrations in the ocean. In this paper, we report an effective UV-Oxidation method for oxidizing DOC in natural waters for radiocarbon analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The UV-oxidation system and method show 95\%+/- 4\% oxidation efficiency and high reproducibility for DOC in both river and seawater samples. The blanks associated with the method was also low (about 3 A mu g C) that is critical for C-14 analysis. As a great advantage of the method, multiple water samples can be oxidized at the same time so it reduces the sample processing time substantially compared with other UV-oxidation method currently being used in other laboratories. We have used the system and method for C-14 studies of DOC in rivers, estuaries, and oceanic environments and have received promise results.},
	keywords = {AMS, dissolved organic carbon, natural waters, radiocarbon, UV-oxidation},
	issn = {1672-5182},
	doi = {10.1007/s11802-015-2935-z},
	author = {Xue Yuejun and Ge Tiantian and Wang Xuchen}
}
@conference {2484,
	title = {The End of the Wietenberg Culture in the Light of New 14C dates and its Chronological Relation Towards the Noua Culture.},
	booktitle = {Bronze Age Chronology in the Carpathian Basin},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {Bronze Age, Bronze Age Chronology, Carpathian Basin, Noua culture, radiocarbon dates, Transylvania, Wietenberg culture},
	isbn = {978-606-543-684-8},
	url = {http://www.academia.edu/25025871/The_End_of_the_Wietenberg_Culture_in_the_Light_of_new_14C_Dates_and_its_Chronological_Relation_towards_the_Noua_Culture},
	author = {Ciugudean, Horia and Quinn, Colin P.}
}
@article {116,
	title = {Environmental isotopes and noble gases in the deep aquifer system of Kazan Trona Ore Field, Ankara, central Turkey and links to paleoclimate},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2269},
	pages = {292-303},
	abstract = {Environmental isotopes and noble gases in groundwater samples from the Kazan Trona Ore Field are studied to establish the temperature change between the Holocene and the late Pleistocene. Noble gas temperatures (NGTs) presented in this study add an important facet to the global paleotemperature map in the region between Europe and North Africa. The groundwater system under investigation consists of three different aquifers named shallow, middle and deep in which δ18O and δ2H vary from - 8.10{\textperthousand} to - 12.80{\textperthousand} and from - 60.89{\textperthousand} to - 92.60{\textperthousand} VSMOW, respectively. The average isotopic depletion between unconfined and confined parts of the system is - 2.5{\textperthousand} in δ18O and - 20{\textperthousand} in δ2H. It is not possible to explain this depletion solely with the elevation effect. Recharge temperatures derived from dissolved atmospheric noble gases reflect the current average yearly ground temperatures (13{\textdegree}C) for samples collected near the recharge area but are 3 to 8{\textdegree}C lower than today{\textquoteright}s temperatures in the deep aquifer system. Low 14C activities and high He excesses in the confined parts of the aquifer system suggest that the water in the deep aquifer was recharged during the last Pleistocene under considerably cooler climatic conditions.},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2012.12.001},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033589412001561},
	author = {Arslan, Sebnem and Yazicigil, Hasan and Stute, Martin and Schlosser, Peter}
}
@article {2555,
	title = {Evidence for a transgressive barrier within a regressive strandplain system: Implications for complex coastal response to environmental change},
	journal = {Sedimentology},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-02-2013},
	pages = {469 - 502},
	abstract = {Clastic, depositional strandplain systems have the potential to record changes in the primary drivers of coastal evolution: climate, sea-level, and the frequency of major meteorological and oceanographic events. This study seeks to use one such record from a southern Brazilian strandplain to highlight the potentially-complex nature of coastal sedimentological response to small changes in these drivers. Following a 2 to 4 m highstand at ca 5{\textperiodcentered}8 ka in southern Brazil, falling sea-level reworked shelf sediment onshore, forcing coastal progradation, smoothing the irregular coastline and forming the 5 km wide Pinheira Strandplain, composed of ca 500 successive beach and dune ridges. Sediment cores, grab samples and >11 km of ground-penetrating radar profiles reveal that the strandplain sequence is composed of well-sorted, fine to very-fine quartz sand. Since the mid-Holocene highstand, the shoreline prograded at a rate of ca 1 to 2 m yr-1 through the deposition of a 4 to 6 m thick shoreface unit; a 1 to 3 m thick foreshore unit containing ubiquitous ridge and runnel facies; and an uppermost beach and foredune unit. However, the discovery of a linear, 100 m wide barrier ridge with associated washover units, a 3 to 4 m deep lagoon and 250 m wide tidal inlet within the strandplain sequence reveals a period of shoreline transgression at 3{\textperiodcentered}3 to 2{\textperiodcentered}8 ka during the otherwise regressive developmental history of the plain. The protected nature of Pinheira largely buffered it from changes in precipitation patterns, wave energy and fluvial sediment supply during the time of its formation. However, multiple lines of evidence indicate that a change in the rate of relative sea-level fall, probably due to either steric or ice-volume effects, may have affected this coastline. Thus, whereas these other potential drivers cannot be fully discounted, this study provides insights into the complexity of decadal-scale to millennial-scale coastal response to likely variability in sea-level change rates.},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3091.2012.01348.x},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2012.01348.x},
	author = {Hein, Christopher J. and FitzGerald, Duncan M. and Cleary, William J. and ALBERNAZ, MARCIO B. and De MENEZES, JOAO THADEU and Klein, Antonio H. da F.}
}
@article {2508,
	title = {Export of submicron particulate organic matter to mesopelagic depth in an oligotrophic gyre},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {110},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jun-07-2015},
	pages = {12565 - 12570},
	abstract = {Sixty percent of the world ocean by area is contained in oligotrophic gyres [Longhurst A (1995) Prog Oceanog 36:77-16], the biomass of which is dominated by picophytoplankton, including cyanobacteria and picoeukaryotic algae, as well as picoheterotrophs. Despite their recognized importance in carbon cycling in the surface ocean, the role of small cells and their detrital remains in the transfer of particulate organic matter (POM) to the deep ocean remains disputed. Because oligotrophic marine conditions are projected to expand under current climate trends, a better understanding of the role of small particles in the global carbon cycle is a timely goal. Here we use the lipid profiles, radiocarbon, and stable carbon isotopic signatures of lipids from the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre to show that in the surface ocean, lipids from submicron POM (here called extra-small POM) are distinct from larger classes of suspended POM. Remarkably, this distinct extra-small POM signature dominates the total lipids collected at mesopelagic depth, suggesting that the lipid component of mesopelagic POM primarily contains the exported remains of small particles. Transfer of submicron material to mesopelagic depths in this location is consistent with model results that claim the biological origin of exported carbon should be proportional to the distribution of cell types in the surface community, irrespective of cell size [Richardson TL, Jackson GA (2007) Science 315:838-840]. Our data suggest that the submicron component of exported POM is an important contributor to the global biological pump, especially in oligotrophic waters. 
},
	keywords = {Biogeochemistry, biomarkers, carbon isotopes, Oceanography},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1217514110},
	url = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1217514110https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1073/pnas.1217514110},
	author = {Close, H. G. and Shah, S. R. and Ingalls, A. E. and Diefendorf, A. F. and Brodie, E. L. and Hansman, R. L. and Freeman, K. H. and Aluwihare, L. I. and Pearson, A.}
}
@article {104,
	title = {Extensive recession of Cordillera Darwin glaciers in southernmost South America during Heinrich Stadial 1},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2013},
	note = {id: 2331},
	pages = {49-55},
	abstract = {The geographic expression and phasing of events during the last termination are important for isolating mechanisms that caused Earth to emerge from the last ice age. Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1; 14,600{\textendash}18,000 yr BP) is a key because of the central role that its far-field effects had on the last termination in the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we present new data from Cordillera Darwin that show rapid glacier recession in southern South America during HS1. This retreat was coeval with ice recession elsewhere in South America and New Zealand, with increased upwelling in the Southern Ocean, with warming of SSTs offshore of Chile, and with a rise in atmospheric CO2. Together, these data indicate a coherent and rapid response to the effects of HS1 in the middle and high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.026},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112005057},
	author = {Hall, Brenda L. and Porter, Charles T. and Denton, George H. and Lowell, Thomas V. and Bromley, Gordon R. M.}
}
@article {163,
	title = {Early stall of West Antarctic Ice Sheet advance on the eastern Ross Sea middle shelf followed by retreat at 27,500 14C yr BP},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {335-336},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2170},
	pages = {52-60},
	abstract = {Marine geological and geophysical data suggest that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) deposited three thick seismically-resolvable units in the eastern Ross Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) but the chronology of these grounding events is debated. Existing ice-retreat chronologies for the eastern Ross Sea are considered suspect because nearly all have been developed using radiocarbon dating of acid-insoluble organics (AIO) from bulk sediment. We used a new strategy to isolate in situ forams from diamict sediment deposited at the middle-shelf grounding-zone wedge (GZW) {\textemdash} a subaqueous ice-marginal landform previously interpreted to represent deposition during the third grounding event since the LGM advance to the shelf edge. Here we present a synthesis of our new radiocarbon dates of foram tests and AIO with previously published radiocarbon dates. We propose that the WAIS{\textquoteright}s LGM advance in the eastern-Ross Sea sector reached the middle shelf circa 27,500 14C yr BP and that open-marine sedimentation began shortly thereafter. There is as of yet no clear explanation for why WAIS retreat in this sector of Antarctica apparently began prior to the peak of the last glacial cold period. A precipitation deficit, localized warm water intrusion, an ice dynamic response in the absence of climate forcing or another as of yet unknown forcing mechanism could be responsible.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.08.007},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018211004330},
	author = {Bart, Philip J. and Cone, Amy N.}
}
@article {2561,
	title = {ENSO Drove 2500-Year Collapse of Eastern Pacific Coral Reefs},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {337318333105323329353215234133898029327161272715118 119109123420422375802767219435149464823345354035608535771415},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Jun-07-2012},
	pages = {81 - 84},
	abstract = {Cores of coral reef frameworks along an upwelling gradient in Panam{\'a} show that reef ecosystems in the tropical eastern Pacific collapsed for 2500 years, representing as much as 40\% of their history, beginning about 4000 years ago. The principal cause of this millennial-scale hiatus in reef growth was increased variability of the El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its coupling with the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The hiatus was a Pacific-wide phenomenon with an underlying climatology similar to probable scenarios for the next century. Global climate change is probably driving eastern Pacific reefs toward another regional collapse.},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1221168},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1221168},
	author = {Toth, L. T. and Aronson, R. B. and Vollmer, S. V. and Hobbs, J. W. and Urrego, D. H. and Cheng, H. and Enochs, I. C. and Combosch, D. J. and van Woesik, R. and Macintyre, I. G.}
}
@article {142,
	title = {Evaluation of sediment trace metal records as paleoproductivity and paleoxygenation proxies in the upwelling center off Concepci{\'o}n, Chile (36{\textdegree}S)},
	journal = {Variability of the coastal upwelling and coastal transition zones off central-southern Chile},
	volume = {92{\textendash}95},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2154},
	pages = {66-80},
	abstract = {This study analyzes the records of several trace metals sensitive to redox conditions in continental shelf sediments off Concepci{\'o}n, Chile (36{\textdegree}S). The continental margin off Concepci{\'o}n (36{\textdegree}S; 73{\textdegree}W) lies beneath an important upwelling center characterized by high primary production rates and, consequently, high fluxes of organic matter. In spring and summer, this material settles to the seafloor where it decays, producing periods of very low oxygen content in bottom waters (1 mL L-1). The goals of this study were to determine the input of trace metals to the sediment and to decipher how this information can be used to reveal variations in primary productivity or bottom oxygenation. Gravity cores collected at two stations {\textendash} VG06-2 over the mid-shelf station (88 m water depth, upper boundary of the oxygen minimum zone) and VG06-3 over the outer shelf (120 m water depth, within the oxygen minimum zone) {\textendash} were sampled for high resolution profiles (1 cm) of trace metals, biogenic opal, stable isotopes, and total organic carbon. The results suggest that the variability in the trace metal distribution on the continental shelf off Concepci{\'o}n is determined by redox conditions and the organic carbon flux to the bottom. Some sections of the sediment cores from the outer shelf showed appreciable authigenic enrichment of U, Cd, and Mo (EF: 5{\textendash}10, 2{\textendash}5, and 10{\textendash}16 respectively) along with heavier values of δ15N, suggesting periods of suboxic conditions. During these periods, fluxes of organic material to the bottom were higher, as indicated by elevated TOC and opal contents. Alternating periods of higher and lower trace metal contents were not observed mid-shelf as they were on the outer shelf. Rather, the mid-shelf samples showed authigenic enrichment of U, Cd, and Mo (EF: 1{\textendash}6, 4{\textendash}5, and 10{\textendash}20, respectively) throughout the core except in a 10-cm-thick gray layer. In general, authigenic enrichment of U, Mo, and Cd occurred at both sites, coincident with olive green layers in the cores. These layers were associated with periods of elevated primary productivity and suboxic conditions. Such periods did not seem to last as long as the oxygenated periods, which had higher inputs of refractive detrital material, coincident with the occurrence of distinct gray sediment layers.},
	issn = {0079-6611},
	doi = {10.1016/j.pocean.2011.07.010},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079661111000644},
	author = {Mu{\~n}oz, Praxedes and Dezileau, Laurent and Lange, Carina and Cardenas, Lissette and Sellanes, Javier and Salamanca, Marco A. and Maldonado, Antonio}
}
@inbook {1401,
	title = {Exploring human subsistence at CA-SMI-575NE: An 8400-year-old shell midden on San Miguel Island, California},
	booktitle = {Exploring Methods of Faunal Analysis: Insights from California Archaeology},
	year = {2012},
	note = {id: 2069},
	month = {2012},
	publisher = {Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press},
	organization = {Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press},
	isbn = {9781931745871},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Braje, Todd J.},
	editor = {Glassow, M.}
}
@article {208,
	title = {East{\textendash}West similarities and differences in the surface and deep northern Arabian Sea records during the past 21 Kyr},
	journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
	volume = {301},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2100},
	pages = {75-85},
	abstract = {This study analyses monsoon proxy Globigerina bulloides from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 723A (western Arabian Sea) and Hole ABP-25, 02 (northeastern Arabian Sea) as well as dominant benthic foraminifera, pteropods, total organic carbon (TOC), Inorganic Carbon (IC) and stable isotope values of benthic foraminifera from Hole ABP-25, 02 to understand summer monsoon-driven changes in the western and eastern Arabian Sea and their impacts on deep-sea ventilation during the past 21 Kyr. We have also combined published TOC data from ODP Hole 724B to understand if deep-sea conditions in the Arabian Sea were same throughout the region during the studied interval. The summer monsoon was generally weaker during cold intervals including the Last Glacial Maximum, the Younger Dryas and the Bond events of the Holocene. From 20 to 10 Kyr, the deep northeastern Arabian Sea was better oxygenated with less organic carbon supply except during 14{\textendash}12.5 Kyr when TOC values increased, indicating a weaker summer monsoon and a weak oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). The TOC values and the abundance of the eutrophic benthic foraminiferal species Bulimina aculeata, Melonis barleeanum and Uvigerina peregrina increased during the late Holocene whereas well-oxygenated, low organic carbon benthic species Sphaeroidina bulloides as well as pteropods decreased, indicating an intense OMZ and an increased supply of refractory organic material to the Arabian Sea. It is important to note that although the surface response to monsoon variability was more or less similar in the western and northeastern Arabian Sea, the deep-sea conditions show a marked contrast in the two regions during the past 21 Kyr.},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.12.027},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018211000022},
	author = {Gupta, Anil K. and Mohan, K. and Sarkar, Sudipta and Clemens, Steven C. and Ravindra, Rasik and Uttam, Rajesh K.}
}
@article {187,
	title = {Evidence of slumping/sliding in Krishna{\textendash}Godavari offshore basin due to gas/fluid movements},
	journal = {Occurrence and exploration of gas hydrate in the marginal seas and continental margin of the Asia, India and Oceania region Occurrence and exploration of gas hydrate in the marginal seas and continental margin of the Asia, India and Oceania region},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2163},
	pages = {1806-1816},
	abstract = {The Krishna{\textendash}Godavari (KG) offshore basin is one of the promising petroliferous basins of the eastern continental margin of India. Drilling in this basin proved the presence of gas hydrate deposits in the shallow marine sediments beyond 750 m water depths, and provided lithologic and stratigraphic information. We obtained multibeam swath bathymetry covering an area of about 4500 km2 in water depths of 280{\textendash}1800 m and about 1260 line km of high resolution seismic (HRS) records. The general lithology of midslope deposits is comprised of nannofossil-rich clay, nannofossil-bearing clay and foraminifera-bearing clay. The HRS records and bathymetry reveal evidence of slumping and sliding of the upper and midslope sediments, which result in mass transport deposits (MTD) in the northwestern part of the study area. These deposits exhibit 3{\textendash}9.5 km widths and extend 10{\textendash}13 km offshore. The boundaries of the MTDs are often demarcated by sharp truncation of finely layered sediments (FLS) and the MTDs are characterized by acoustically transparent zones in the HRS data. Average thickness of recent MTDs varies with depth, i.e., in the upper slope, the thickness is about 45 m, while in the lower slope it is about 60 m, and in deeper offshore locations they attain a maximum thickness of about 90 m. A direct indication for slumping and mass transportation of deposits is provided by the age reversal in 14C AMS dates observed in a sediment core located in the midslope region. Seismic profiling signatures provide indications of fluid/gas movement. We propose that the presence of steep topographic gradients, high sedimentation rates, a regional fault system, diapirism, fluid/gas movement, and neotectonic activity may have facilitated the slumping/sliding of the upper slope sediments in the KG offshore basin.},
	issn = {0264-8172},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.02.007},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264817211000729},
	author = {Ramprasad, T. and Dewangan, P. and Ramana, M. V. and Mazumdar, A. and Karisiddaiah, S. M. and Ramya, E. R. and Sriram, G.}
}
@article { ISI:000291729600020,
	title = {Evolution of a Pharaonic harbor on the Red Sea: Implications for coastal response to changes in sea level and climate},
	journal = {GEOLOGY},
	volume = {39},
	number = {{7}},
	year = {2011},
	month = {JUL},
	pages = {687-690},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The evolution of coastal systems during the Holocene resulted from complex interactions and temporal shifts in the relative contribution of sea-level changes, climate change, and sedimentary processes. Along the Red Sea Coast, a 0.5-2 m highstand of sea level at 5 ka can be directly attributed to far-field effects resulting from the reduction in land ice following the last glacial maximum. At the ancient Egyptian harbor of Mersa/Wadi Gawasis, the site of the world{\textquoteright}s oldest archaeological evidence of long-distance seafaring, stratigraphic and geomorphologic evidence has been identified for this highstand. Here, wadi sediment input, enhanced by a period of wetter climate of the African Humid Period (early to mid-Holocene), forced the closure of coastal embayments, despite ongoing, relatively rapid sea-level rise. A stable, shallow bay persisted at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis as a result of coincidental aridization and a highstand of sea level during the mid-Holocene. This bay served as the primary harbor for ancient Egyptian trade along the Red Sea coast. During the late Holocene, shoreline progradation was dominated by sea-level fall, driven by isostatic processes. These results demonstrate the interplay of various global (sea level), regional (climate, sea level), and local (sedimentation, bathymetry) controls on the coastal evolution of the Red Sea and how these controls dictated the response of a complex civilization. Furthermore, they highlight the crucial role played by sedimentation in governing coastal response to changing sea levels.},
	issn = {0091-7613},
	doi = {10.1130/G31928.1},
	author = {Hein, Christopher J. and FitzGerald, Duncan M. and Milne, Glenn A. and Bard, Kathryn and Fattovich, Rodolfo}
}
@article {528,
	title = {Environmental anomalies in the northeastern East China Sea during the last 3 000 years: implications for El Nino activity in the Holocene},
	journal = {Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1927; PT: J; UT: WOS:000275654100024},
	pages = {190-200},
	abstract = {To reconstruct the productivity changes for the last 10 500 a in the northeastern East China Sea (ECS), biogenic compounds (such as carbonate, organic carbon and opal), marine micropaleontological fossils (planktonic foraminifera, benthic foraminifera, radiolarian and silicoflagellate) and the compositional characters of benthic foraminifera fauna analyses were carried out on a sediment core DOC082 obtained from the western slope of Okinawa Trough (29 degrees 13.93{\textquoteright}N, 128 degrees 08.53{\textquoteright} E; 1 128 m water depth). The long-term changes of biogenic and micropaleontological proxies display some similarities through the last 10 500 a, which show three different phases: lower values are recorded during the early and middle Holocene (before about 4 000 a BP), followed by an abrupt and remarkable increase at about 4 000 a BP, the late Holocene (after about 3 000 a BP) is characterized by continuously high values. The multi-proxy data of paleoproductivity and percents of benthic foraminifera genera (Uvigerina and Bulimina) show that during the early and middle Holocene (10 500-4 000 a BP) productivity was relatively low with a sudden and distinct increase at about 4 000 a BP, and the late Holocene (3 400-0 a BP) is marked by significantly higher productivity. Also, the radiolarian-based sea surface temperature (SST) records reveal a distinct decline in SST in the late Holocene after 3 200 a BP, very different from the early and middle Holocene. For the last 3 000 a, the enhanced biological productivity and distinctly lower SST indicate a major change of oceanographic conditions in the northeastern ECS. These marine environmental anomalies are consistent with other paleoclimatic records for the late Holocene in the Chinese continent and its surrounding regions. After analyzing the mechanisms of modern productivity and SST changes in the northeastern ECS, and based on the climatic anomalies in the Chinese continent and variations in the Kuroshio Current during modern El Nino periods, we suggest that the anomalous environmental conditions in the northeastern ECS may imply intensified El Nino activity during the late Holocene.},
	issn = {0254-4059},
	doi = {10.1007/s00343-010-9066-6},
	author = {Chang, Fengming and Li, Tiegang and Zhuang, Lihua and Yan, Jun}
}
@article {1836,
	title = {Eurasian Pastoralists And Their Shifting Regional Interactions at the Steppe Margin: Settlement History At Mukri, Kazakhstan},
	journal = {World Archaeology},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2010},
	note = {id: 1880In Press
},
	month = {2010},
	author = {Frachetti, M. and Benecke, N. and Mar{\textquoteright}yashev, A. N. and Doumani, P.}
}
@article { ISI:000282251700009,
	title = {Evidence for size increase in an exploited mollusc: humped conch (Strombus gibberulus) at Chelechol ra Orrak, Palau from ca. 3000-0 BP},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE},
	volume = {37},
	number = {{11}},
	year = {2010},
	month = {NOV},
	pages = {2788-2798},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Past research has suggested that the humped conch (Strombus gibberulus), a species common in many prehistoric archaeological sites in the Pacific, declines in size and/or abundance over time. Explanations for this phenomenon largely revolve around the possibility that they were overharvested by human populations. In this study, we measured the length and width of over 1400 individual specimens of S. gibberulus shells recovered from the site of Chelechol ra Orrak in Palau, western Micronesia, in deposits dating from ca. 3000 BP to the present. Statistical analysis indicates that in contrast to previous reports, there is a significant size increase for this taxon through time which may be the result of a combination of anthropogenic and environmental factors. We discuss variables influencing mollusc size and suggest that, given the complexities of their interactions and the data limitations of archaeomalacological assemblages, unambiguous determination of the cause(s) of molluscan size change may not always be possible. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Anthropogenic impacts, Humped conch, Micronesia, Molluscs, Pacific Islands, Palau},
	issn = {0305-4403},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jas.2010.06.013},
	author = {Giovas, Christina M. and Fitzpatrick, Scott M. and Clark, Meagan and Abed, Mira}
}
@article {468,
	title = {Evidence for calcification depth change of Globorotalia truncatulinoides between deglaciation and Holocene in the Western Atlantic Ocean},
	journal = {Marine Micropaleontology},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1883; 514BR Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:33Y},
	pages = {57-61},
	abstract = {Measurements of the delta O-18 in tests of planktonic and benthic foraminifera in the Florida Straits are used to reconstruct the properties of the water column through time over the last 12 ka (Lynch-Stieglitz et al., in press). The isotopic composition of the foraminifera largely reflects the vertical density gradient. We use this reconstruction and delta O-18 measurements on Globorotalia truncatulinoides in a nearby core to track the depth habitat of this species from the last deglaciation to 1.6 ka B.P. Around 9 ka, G. truncatulinoides was calcifying in much shallower water than during the late Holocene. The downward migration toward its modem habitat is a regional phenomenon over the western tropical Atlantic continental slope. The cause is still unclear but we hypothesize that the shallower calcification depth may be a response to the presence of glacial melt water or to circulation changes. This study points to the value of further study of the ecology, life cycle and calcification depth for G. truncatulinoides and other planktonic foraminifera that are used to reconstruct the history of the thermocline and upper water column structure. Published by Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {0377-8398},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marmicro.2009.07.001},
	author = {Cleroux, C. and Lynch-Stieglitz, J. and Schmidt, M. W. and Cortijo, E. and Duplessy, J. C.}
}
@article {430,
	title = {Evidence of centennial-scale drought from southeastern Massachusetts during the Pleistocene/Holocene transition},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2009},
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Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Shuman, Bryan N. MacDonald, Dana Pergamon-elsevier science ltd Oxford Sp. Iss. SI; YY},
	pages = {1675-1692},
	abstract = {A principal method for studying past hydroclimatic change is the reconstruction of paleo-lake levels. Here, we provide high-resolution lake-level records from New Long Pond and Rocky Pond in southeastern Massachusetts, which each contain evidence for multiple, sub-centennial-to-millennial scale low stands during the transition between the Late Pleistocene (15.0 ka) and Middle Holocene (ca 7.0 ka). Data from New Long Pond also demonstrate sedimentary evidence for a drop in water levels in the early to mid AD 20th century, when long-term trends in instrumental data show lower-than-average precipitation in the northeastern United States. Local data show the most precipitous declines in precipitation and groundwater levels are concurrent with the most severe drought in the AD 1960s, which occurred during a period of low sea-surface temperatures in the western North Atlantic. Ground penetrating radar and sediment core data indicate five intervals with numerous paleo-shoreline deposits between ca 15.0 and 7.0 ka, similar to the layer deposited in the AD 1960s. Many of the intervals of low lake levels coincide with proposed meltwater release events or abrupt climate oscillations in the circum North Atlantic. For example, we document at least three low stands during the Younger Dryas (12.9-11.6 ka) and in association with the "9.2" and "8.2" ka events. The combined evidence of (1) concurrent paleo-droughts in southeastern New England with documented North Atlantic abrupt cooling events and (2) recent drought with the modern association of low sea-surface temperatures indicates that freshening and cooling of the western North Atlantic is a viable mechanism for decreasing moisture within the region. Large-scale changes in seasonality and ice sheet extent also may have increased the susceptibility of the northeast to dry conditions triggered by changes in the North Atlantic. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.02.020},
	author = {Newby, P. E. and Donnelly, J. P. and Shuman, B. N. and MacDonald, D.}
}
@article {252,
	title = {Evidence of paleo-cold seep activity from the Bay of Bengal, offshore India},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 794; 458FC Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:80Y},
	abstract = {We report evidence of paleo-cold seep associated activities, preserved in methane-derived carbonates in association with chemosynthetic clams (Calyptogena sp.) from a sediment core in the Krishna-Godavari basin, Bay of Bengal. Visual observations and calculations based on high-resolution wet bulk density profile of a core collected on board R/V Marion Dufresne (May 2007) show zones of sharp increase in carbonate content (10-55 vol\%) within 16-20 meters below seafloor (mbsf). The presence of Calyptogena clam shells, chimneys, shell breccias with high Mg calcite cement, and pyrite within this zone suggest seepage of methane and sulfide-bearing fluid to the seafloor in the past. Highly depleted carbon isotopic values (delta C-13 ranges from -41 to -52\% VPDB) from these carbonates indicate carbon derived via anaerobic oxidation of methane. Extrapolated mean calendar age (similar to 58.7 ka B. P.) of the clastic sediments at a depth of 16 mbsf is close to the upper limit of the U-Th based depositional age (46.2 +/- 3.7 and 53.0 +/- 1.6 ka) of authigenic carbonates sampled from this level, thereby constraining the younger age limit of the carbonate deposition/methane expulsion events. The observed carbonate deposition might have resulted from the flow of methane-enriched fluids through the fracture network formed because of shale diapirism.},
	issn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2008gc002337},
	author = {Mazumdar, A. and Dewangan, P. and Joao, H. M. and Peketi, A. and Khosla, V. R. and Kocherla, M. and Badesab, F. K. and Joshi, R. K. and Roxanne, P. and Ramamurty, P. B. and Karisiddaiah, S. M. and Patil, D. J. and Dayal, A. M. and Ramprasad, T. and Hawkesworth, C. J. and Avanzinelli, R.}
}
@article {431,
	title = {Exploring typhoon variability over the mid-to-late Holocene: evidence of extreme coastal flooding from Kamikoshiki, Japan},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2009},
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OKAMURA M, 2003, KAIYO MONTHLY, V35, P312 OTA Y, 1987, SEA LEVEL CHANGES, P182 OTVOS EG, 1999, J COASTAL RES, V15, P438 OTVOS EG, 2002, QUATERNARY RES, V57, P425 QIAO SX, 1993, COMPILATION RES CLIM REIMER PJ, 2004, RADIOCARBON, V46, P1029 RITCHIE JC, 1990, J ENVIRON QUAL, V19, P215 SAITOKOKUBU Y, 2008, J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV, V99, P211 SATO H, 2001, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V20, P1459 SAWAI Y, 2001, QUATERNARY RES, V56, P231 SAWAI Y, 2002, J ASIAN EARTH SCI, V20, P903 SAWAI Y, 2008, HOLOCENE, V18, P517, DOI 10.1177/0959683608089206 SCHEFFERS A, 2006, J COASTAL RES, V22, P1437, DOI 10.2112/05-0535.1 SCILEPPI E, 2007, GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYS, V8 SHIMOYAMA S, 1991, MARINE QUATERNARY SY, P1 SHIMOYAMA S, 1994, QUATERNARY RES, V33, P351 SNYDER RA, 2002, J COASTAL RES, V18, P530 SPISKE M, 2008, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V268, P384, DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.01.030 STAHLE DW, 1998, B AM METEOROL SOC, V79, P2137 STOCKDON HF, 2007, MAR GEOL, V238, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2006.11.004 STONE GW, 2004, MAR GEOL, V210, P63, DOI 10.1016/j.mangeo.2004.05.021 SUGIHARA K, 2003, SEDIMENT GEOL, V159, P5, DOI 10.1016/S0037-0738(03)00092-7 SUZUKI A, 2008, QUAT GEOCHRONOL, V3, P226, DOI 10.1016/j.quageo.2007.12.002 TAIRA A, 2001, ANNU REV EARTH PL SC, V29, P109 TAKISHITA K, 2007, PROTIST, V158, P51, DOI 10.1016/j.protis.2006.07.003 THOMSON J, 2006, GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL, V267, P65 TRENBERTH KE, 2007, CLIMATE CHANGE 2007 WANG B, 2002, J CLIMATE, V15, P1643 WATANABE H, 1998, COMPREHENSIVE LIST T WEBSTER JM, 1998, CORAL REEFS, V17, P289 WHITE PS, 1979, BOT REV, V45, P229 WOODRUFF JD, 2008, GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYS, V9 WOODRUFF JD, 2008, GEOLOGY, V36, P391, DOI 10.1130/G24731A.1 WOODRUFF JD, 2008, THESIS MIT YOKOYAMA Y, 1996, PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL, V123, P4 YU KF, 2004, PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL, V210, P89 ZHU YZ, 1991, S 1 GEOL GEOPH REEF, P224 Woodruff, Jonathan D. Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Okusu, Akiko Pergamon-elsevier science ltd Oxford Sp. Iss. SI; YY},
	pages = {1774-1785},
	abstract = {Sediment cores from two coastal lakes located on the island of Kamikoshiki in southwestern Japan (Lake Namakoike and Lake Kaiike) provide evidence for the response of a backbarrier beach system to episodic coastal inundation over the last 6400 years. Sub-bottom seismic surveys exhibit acoustically laminated, parallel to subparallel seismic reflectors, intermittently truncated by erosional unconformities. Sediment cores collected from targeted depocenters in both lakes contain finely laminated organic mud interbedded with coarse-grained units, with depths of coarse deposits concurrent with prominent seismic reflectors. The timing of the youngest deposit at Kamikoshiki correlates to the most recently documented breach in the barrier during a typhoon in 1951 AD. Assuming that this modern deposit provides an analog for identifying past events, paleo-typhoons may be reconstructed from layers exhibiting an increase in grain-size, a break in fine-scale stratigraphy, and elevated Sr concentrations. Periods of barrier breaching are concurrent with an increase in El Nino frequency, indicating that the El Nino/Southern Oscillation has potentially played a key role in governing typhoon variability during the mid-to-late Holocene. An inverse correlation is observed between tropical cyclone reconstructions from the western North Atlantic and the Kamikoshiki site, which may indicate an oscillating pattern in tropical cyclone activity between the western Northern Atlantic and the western North Pacific, or at least between the western Northern Atlantic and regions encompassing southern Japan. The two kamikaze typhoons which contributed to the failed Mongol invasions of Japan in 1274 AD and 1281 AD occur during a period with more frequent marine-sourced deposition at the site, suggesting that the events took place during a period of greater regional typhoon activity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.02.005},
	author = {Woodruff, J. D. and Donnelly, J. P. and Okusu, A.}
}
@article {327,
	title = {Earthquakes generated from bedding plane-parallel reverse faults above an active wedge thrust, Seattle fault zone},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 2019; PT: J; UT: WOS:000260737900015},
	pages = {1581-1597},
	abstract = {A key question in earthquake hazard analysis is whether individual faults within fault zones represent independent seismic sources. For the Seattle fault zone, an upper plate structure within the Cascadia convergent margin, evaluating seismic hazard requires understanding how north-side-up, bedding-plane reverse faults, which generate late Holocene fault scarps, interact with the north-vergent master-ramp thrust and overlying backthrust of the fault zone. A regional uplift at A.D. 900-930 involved an earthquake that nucleated at depth and included slip on both the master-ramp thrust and the backthrust. This earthquake also included slip on some of the},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/B26282.1},
	author = {Kelsey, Harvey M. and Sherrod, Brian L. and Nelson, Alan R. and Brocher, Thomas M.}
}
@mastersthesis {1332,
	title = {The Effects of Ice Shelf Break-up on Changes in Particulate Carbon Distribution and Composition, Examples from the Larsen System, Antarctica},
	volume = {Dissertation/Thesis},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008},
	school = {Hamilton College},
	address = {Clinton, New York},
	author = {Roe, K. M.}
}
@article {1872,
	title = {Environmental and Climatic Controls on the Occurrence and Abundance of Long Chain Alkenones in Lakes of the Interior United States},
	journal = {Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 892},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract 2008},
	author = {Toney, J. L. and Fritz, S. and Baker, P. and Grim, E. and Nyren, P. and Theroux, S. and Huang, Y.}
}
@conference {1625,
	title = {Environmental Factors Controlling Community Structure, Morphology and Linear Extension of Mid-Holocene Reef Corals from Ca{\~n}ada Honda, Southwestern, Dominican Republic},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1979},
	month = {2008},
	abstract = {The Ca{\~n}ada Honda (CH) fossil coral reef, located in SW Dominican Republic, provides a unique opportunity to examine reef accretion in a high-sedimentation environment between 9.0-5.0 ky ago. Annual linear extension of fossil corals was determined for comparison with data from modern coral reefs. The reef is characterized by the high abundance of sediment-tolerant coral species, their tendency to form almost monospecific stands and grow as domes-cones with ragged margins. Also, colonies of Montastraea faveolata commonly contain bands of sediment incorporated within their skeletons. Calibrated radiocarbon ages of fossil corals range from 9,256{\textpm}137 to 6,737{\textpm}94.5 BP. Correlation with Holocene sea-level curves indicates that most corals on CH developed at depths greater than 15m. Growth rates varied from 0.09-0.44 cm/yr and suggest reduced light penetration caused by coral growth at such depths. Reef sediment is characterized by more than 85\% carbonate material. A significant portion of the carbonate is allochtonous and was derived from nearby Neogene limestones. The reef was able to survive under these conditions because of the high carbonate content of incoming terrigenous sediment and that storms probably occurred sporadically providing intervening lowsedimentation periods during which reef corals could respond and grow back, {\textquotedblleft}keeping-up{\textquotedblright} with sedimentation.},
	keywords = {Caribbean, Holocene, ICRS11, Lessons from the past, linear extension, siltation},
	author = {Cuevas, D. and Sherman, C. and Ram{\'\i}rez, W. and Hubbard, D.}
}
@article {366,
	title = {Episodic reductions in bottom-water currents since the last ice age},
	journal = {Nature Geoscience},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1896; ISI Document Delivery No.: 331AG Times Cited: 9 Cited Reference Count: 34 Cited References: ALLEY RB, 1997, GEOLOGY, V25, P483 BARBER DC, 1999, NATURE, V400, P344 BARD E, 1994, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V126, P275 BIANCHI GG, 1999, NATURE, V397, P515 BIANCHI GG, 1999, SEDIMENTOLOGY, V46, P1001 BOND G, 1992, NATURE, V360, P245 BOYLE EA, 1987, NATURE, V330, P35 BROECKER WS, 1989, GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC, V53, P2465 BROECKER WS, 1989, NATURE, V341, P318 CAME RE, 2007, GEOLOGY, V35, P315, DOI 10.1130/G23455A.1 CURRY WB, 2005, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V20, ARTN PA1017 DUPLESSY JC, 1980, NATURE, V286, P479 DUPLESSY JC, 1988, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V3, P343 ELLISON CRW, 2006, SCIENCE, V312, P1929, DOI 10.1126/science.1127213 FIRESTONE RB, 2007, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V104, P16016, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0706977104 GHERARDI JM, 2005, EARTH PLANET SC LETT, V240, P710, DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.061 GROOTES PM, 1993, NATURE, V366, P552 HALL IR, 2004, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V23, P1529, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.04.004 KENNETT JP, 2007, EOS T AGU JOINT AS S, V88, UNSP PP41A05 KROOPNICK P, 1980, EARTH PLAN, V49, P469 LEGRAND P, 1995, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V10, P1011 MANABE S, 1995, NATURE, V378, P165 MCCARTNEY MS, 1996, OCEANUS, V39, P19 MCCAVE IN, 1995, NATURE, V374, P149 MCCAVE IN, 1995, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V10, P593 MCCAVE IN, 2006, GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY, V7, P37 MCMANUS JF, 2004, NATURE, V428, P824 OPPO DW, 1993, SCIENCE, V259, P1148 ROHLING EJ, 2005, NATURE, V434, P975, DOI 10.1038/nature03421 RUDDIMAN WF, 1981, PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL, V35, P145 SARNTHEIN M, 1994, PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, V9, P209 TARASOV L, 2005, NATURE, V435, P662, DOI 10.1038/nature03617 WORTHINGTON LV, 1976, N ATLANTIC CIRCULATI YU EF, 1996, NATURE, V379, P689 Praetorius, Summer K. McManus, Jerry F. Oppo, Delia W. Curry, William B. Nature publishing group New york; YY},
	pages = {449-452},
	abstract = {Past changes in the freshwater balance of the surface North Atlantic Ocean are thought to have influenced the rate of deep-water formation, and consequently climate(1,2). Although water-mass proxies are generally consistent with an impact of freshwater input on meridional overturning circulation(3), there has been little dynamic evidence to support this linkage. Here we present a 25,000 year record of variations in sediment grain size from south of Iceland, which indicates vigorous bottom-water currents during both the last glacial maximum and the Holocene period. Together with reconstructions of North Atlantic water-mass distribution, vigorous bottom currents suggest a shorter residence time of northern-source waters during the last glacial maximum, relative to the Holocene period. The most significant reductions in flow strength occur during periods that have been associated with freshening of the surface North Atlantic. The short-term deglacial oscillations in bottom current strength are closely coupled to changes in Greenland air temperature, with a minimum during the Younger Dryas cold reversal and a maximum at the time of rapid warming at the onset of the Holocene. Our results support a strong connection between ocean circulation and rapid climate change.},
	issn = {1752-0894},
	doi = {10.1038/ngeo227},
	author = {Praetorius, S. K. and McManus, J. F. and Oppo, D. W. and Curry, W. B.}
}
@article {688,
	title = {Eruptive history, geochronology, and magmatic evolution of the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle volcanic complex, Chile},
	journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
	volume = {120},
	year = {2008},
	note = {300ujTimes Cited:61Cited References Count:55},
	month = {May-Jun},
	pages = {599-618},
	abstract = {Forty-three Ar-40/Ar-39 age determinations of lava flows, domes, ignimbrites, and dikes, plus C-14 dates from seven distal tephra layers, combined with stratigraphy, geochemistry, and Sr and Th isotope data, establish an eruptive chronology for the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle volcanic complex at 40.5 degrees S in the Andean southern volcanic zone (SVZ). The complex preserves similar to 131 km(3) of lava and tephra that erupted from numerous vents widely separated in time and space. Approximately 80\% of the total volume consists of basaltic to andesitic lava that formed two broad shield volcanoes between 314 and 70 ka. The modern Puyehue stratovolcano was built on the southerly shield during the past 69 k.y. following a hiatus of 25 k.y. Puyehue has erupted similar to 15 km(3) of basaltic to rhyolitic magma that spans the entire compositional range found in the southern SVZ and evolved via at least six phases including: (1) basaltic andesitic to dacitic lavas between 69 and 32 ka, (2) a shift to bimodal magma compositions that is first expressed by a rhyodacite mingled with inclusions of MgO-rich basaltic andesite at 34 ka, (3) dacitic to rhyolitic flows and domes from 19 to 12 ka, (4) basaltic to basaltic andesitic flows between 15 and 12 ka, (5) subsequent rhyolitic dome growth in several effusive and explosive stages between 7 and 5 ka, followed by (6) a powerful series of phreatomagmatic and sub-Plinian eruptions at ca. 1.1 ka that obliterated the preceding rhyolite domes and formed the present 2.5-km-diameter, 280-m-deep summit crater. Along the Cordon Caulle fissure zone, similar to 5 km(3) of rhyodacitic to rhyolitic lavas, domes, and cones have formed during the past similar to 16.5 k.y., including explosive and effusive eruptions in 1921-1922 and 1960.Eruptive rates were nonuniform over time, with background growth at 0.04 km(3)/k.y. or less, punctuated by spurts at up to 0.90 km(3)/ k.y. The time-averaged rate, 0.42 km(3)/k.y., is nearly double that at the Tatara-San Pedro complex 500 km to the north during the past 300 k.y. These findings indicate that within a single are the magmatic and eruptive fluxes at individual frontal volcanoes can be highly variable. The last three stratocone-building events on Puyehue began during periods of deglaciation, suggesting a relationship between unloading of ice and ease of magma ascent. Puyehue basalt exhibits subtle changes in U-238-Th-230, Sr-87/Sr-86, and trace element composition over time that signal shifts in the composition and degree of melting of the mantle wedge, or the extent to which basalt was modified by assimilation of heterogeneous crustal melts. The complex has become exceptionally bimodal and more explosive over time with recent rhyolites evolving by extreme crystal fractionation of malic magma and lesser volumes of andesite and dacite created via mixing of rhyolite and basalt. Despite the high flux of basalt during the past 300 k.y., no large silicic magma reservoir formed in the upper crust. Instead, U-238-Th-230 data favor rapid ascent of several small bodies of basaltic and silicic magma from the lower crust, promoted perhaps by conduits that reflect strike-slip faulting beneath the complex.},
	issn = {0016-7606},
	doi = {10.1130/B26276.1},
	author = {Singer, B. S. and Jicha, B. R. and Harper, M. A. and Naranjo, J. A. and Lara, L. E. and Moreno-Roa, H.}
}
@article {904,
	title = {Evolution in upper water structure and paleoproductivity in the northern margin of the western pacific warm pool and its forcing mechanism during the last 190 ka B.P.-evidence from nannofossil, foraminifera and their isotope com position},
	journal = {Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1932},
	pages = {305-311},
	author = {Zhao, Jingtao and Li, Tiegang and Chang, Fengming and Jiang, Bo}
}
@article {1906,
	title = {Early Maritime Technology on California{\textquoteright}s San Miguel Island: Arena Points from},
	journal = {Current Research in the Pleistocene},
	volume = {24},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 2071},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {85},
	author = {Erlandson, Jon M. and Braje, Todd}
}
@article {462,
	title = {Electromagnetic field modeling and ion optics calculations for a continuous-flow AMS system},
	journal = {Nuclear Instruments \& Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms},
	volume = {259},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1698; 182WV Times Cited:6 Cited References Count:14},
	pages = {111-117},
	abstract = {A continuous-flow C-14 AMS (CFAMS) system is under construction at the NOSAMS facility. This system is based on a NEC Model 1.5SDH-10.5 MV Pelletron accelerator and will utilize a combination of a microwave ion source (MIS) and a charge exchange canal (CXC) to produce negative carbon ions from a continuously flowing stream Of CO2 gas. For high-efficiency transmission of the large emittance, large energy-spread beam from the ion source unit, a large-acceptance and energy-achromatic injector consisting of a 45 degrees electrostatic spherical analyzer (ESA) and a 90 degrees double-focusing magnet has been designed. The 45 degrees ESA is rotatable to accommodate a 134-sample MC-SNICS as a second ion source. The high-energy achromat (90 degrees double focusing magnet and 90 degrees ESA) has also been customized for large acceptance. Electromagnetic field modeling and ion optics calculations of the beamline were done with Infolytica MagNet, ElecNet, and Trajectory Evaluator. PBGUNS and SIMION were used for the modeling of ion source unit. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0168-583X},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Nimb.2007.01.224},
	author = {Han, B. X. and von Reden, K. F. and Roberts, M. L. and Schneider, R. J. and Hayes, J. M. and W. J. Jenkins}
}
@conference {1624,
	title = {The Environmental Anomalies in the Northeastern East China Sea during the Last 3000 Years: Implications for El Nino Activity in the Holocene},
	booktitle = {9th International Conference on Paleoceanography (ICP 9)},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1935; TY: CPAPER; NO: Source type: conferencepapers\&proceedings; Object type: Conference Paper; CSAUnique: CPI-4728602; AccNum: 4728602(China)
},
	month = {2007},
	keywords = {Donghai Sea, Holocene, Multidisciplinary, Paleo studies, Paleoenvironments, U 7000},
	author = {Chang, F. and Zhuang, L. and Li, T. and Yan, J. and Li, Q.},
	editor = {Shanghai International Convention Center, Shanghai}
}
@article {403,
	title = {Evaluation of gas chromatographic isotope fractionation and process contamination by carbon in compound-specific radiocarbon analysis},
	journal = {Analytical Chemistry},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 615; 140ID Times Cited:11 Cited References Count:32},
	pages = {2042-2049},
	abstract = {The relevance of both modern and fossil carbon contamination as well as isotope fractionation during preparative gas chromatography for compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) was evaluated. Two independent laboratories investigated the influence of modern carbon contamination in the sample cleanup procedure and preparative capillary gas chromatography (pcGC) of a radiocarbon-dead 3,3{\textquoteright},4,4{\textquoteright},5,5{\textquoteright}-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 169) reference. The isolated samples were analyzed for their C-14/C-12 ratio by accelerator mass spectrometry. Sample Delta C-14 values of -996 +/- 20 and -985 +/- 20\% agreed with a Delta C-14 of -995 +/- 20\% for the unprocessed PCB 169, suggesting that no significant contamination by nonfossil carbon was introduced during the sample preparation process at either laboratory. A reference compound containing a modern C-14/C-12 ratio (vanillin) was employed to evaluate process contamination from fossil C. No negative bias due to fossil C was observed (sample Delta C-14 value of 165 +/- 20\% agreed with Delta C-14 of 155 +/- 12\% for the unprocessed vanillin). The extent of isotopic fractionation that can be induced during pcGC was evaluated by partially collecting the vanillin model compound of modern C-14/C-12 abundance. A significant change in the delta C-13 and delta C-14 values was observed when only parts of the eluting peak were collected (delta C-13 values ranged from -15.75 to -49.91\% and delta C-14 values from -82.4 to +4.71\%). Delta C-14 values, which are normalized to a delta C-13 of -25\%, did not deviate significantly (-58.9 to -5.8\%, considering the uncertainty of similar to +/- 20\%). This means that normalization of radiocarbon results to a delta C-13 of -25\%, normally performed to remove effects of environmental isotope fractionation on C-14-based age determinations, also cor-rects sufficiently for putative isotopic fractionation that may occur during pcGC isolation of individual compounds for CSRA.},
	issn = {0003-2700},
	doi = {10.1021/Ac061821a},
	author = {Zencak, Z. and Reddy, C. M. and Teuten, E. L. and Xu, L. and McNichol, A. P. and Gustafsson, O.}
}
@article {1535,
	title = {Evolution and latitudinal diversity gradient: Speciation, extinction, and biogeography},
	volume = {on-line},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 456},
	month = {2007},
	author = {Mittelbach, G. G. and Schemske, D. W. and Cornell, H. V. and Allen, A. P. and Brown, J. M. and Bush, M. B.}
}
@article {293,
	title = {Exploring relationships between watershed properties and holocene loss-on-ignition records in high-elevation lakes, southern uinta mountains, Utah, USA},
	journal = {Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 2014; PT: J; CT: Uinta Interdisciplinary Assessment Symposium (UINTAS 2006); CY: MAY , 2006; CL: Snowbird, UT; UT: WOS:000250962500006},
	pages = {556-565},
	abstract = {Sediment cores were retrieved from 12 lakes in the southern Uinta Mountains ranging in elevation from 2960 to 3475 m. Organic content was determined by loss-on-ignition (LOI) at 1-cm intervals (n = 2850), corresponding to 20 to similar to 100 yrs per sample. This data set was used to explore relationships between watershed variables and LOI records. Average LOI values are strongly correlated with lake elevation, elevation of the watershed, extent of late-lying snow and bare rock in the watershed, and the area of upstream lakes. Average LOI values are not significantly correlated with lake depth, or with lake or watershed area. The 12 LOI records can be visually divided into 3 groups with contrasting patterns: Steady, Trending, and Rising. Steady lakes have the lowest average LOI values, and are located in watersheds with the highest maximum elevations and the largest area of upstream lakes and late-lying snow. The most significant determinant on average LOI and LOI pattern is hydrologic through-flow as revealed by the configuration and number of inlets and outlets. The repetition of Steady, Trending, and Rising LOI patterns in different parts of the range, combined with contrasting LOI patterns in adjacent lakes, suggests that watershed characteristics strongly influence organic sedimentation.},
	issn = {1523-0430},
	doi = {10.1657/1523-0430(06-096)[MUNROE]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Munroe, Jeffrey S.}
}
@conference {1618,
	title = {The early history of Long Island Sound},
	booktitle = {The last deglaciation},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1185},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia Univ., NY},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C. and Thomas, E.}
}
@article {1926,
	title = {Early Holocene land use and subsistence on eastern Santa Rosa Island, California},
	journal = {Current Research in the Pleistocene},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1021},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {60-62},
	author = {Rick, T. C. and Kennett, D. J. and Erlandson, J. M.}
}
@article {1955,
	title = {Early holocene openlands in southern New England},
	journal = {Ecology},
	volume = {87},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Faison, E KFoster, D R
Oswald, W W
Hansen, B C S
Doughty, E
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t
Research Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.
2006/11/09 09:00
Ecology. 2006 Oct;87(10):2537-47.
},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {2537-47},
	abstract = {The pre-historical vegetation structure in temperate forest regions is much debated among European and North American ecologists and conservationists. Frans Vera{\textquoteright}s recent hypothesis that large mammals created mosaics of forest and openland vegetation in both regions throughout the Holocene has been particularly controversial and has provoked new approaches to conservation management. Thirty years earlier, American paleoecologists Herb Wright and Margaret Davis debated whether abundant ragweed pollen at Rogers Lake, Connecticut at 9500 yr BP signified local forest openings or long-distance transport of pollen from Midwestern prairies. Using new pollen records from Harvard Forest and the North American Pollen Database, we address this question and offer insights to the openland discussion. Ragweed and other forbs exceed 3.5\% at five sites in a restricted area of southern New England between 10,100 and 7700 yr BP. Strong evidence suggests this pollen originated from the landscapes surrounding these sites (supporting Davis), as ragweed pollen percentages do not increase with longitude from New England to the Midwest. Ragweed pollen percentages are also unrelated to basin size and therefore unrelated to the proportion of extraregional pollen in New England. High forbs values were associated with increases in oak, decreases in white pine, and relatively high charcoal values. Modern pollen records with similar forb and tree percentages occur along the Prairie Peninsula region of the Upper Midwest. However, the closest analogue to the southern New England early Holocene assemblages comes from Massachusetts{\textquoteright} Walden Pond in the early 18th century. These results and the affiliation of ragweed for open, disturbed habitats suggest that oak-pine forests with large openings persisted for over 2000 years due to dry conditions and perhaps increased fire frequency. This conclusion is corroborated by independent lake level and climate reconstructions. Because these early Holocene openlands have no detectable analogue in New England for the past 7000 years before European settlement, we suggest that all important openlands today are almost exclusively a legacy of Colonial agriculture and should be managed accordingly. Nonetheless, our results may have implications for forest dynamics accompanying projected climate change to more arid conditions in New England over the next century.},
	keywords = {*Ambrosia, *Pollen, Ecosystem, Geography, new england, Paleontology},
	isbn = {0012-9658 (Print)0012-9658 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2537:EHOISN]2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Faison, E. K. and Foster, D. R. and Oswald, W. W. and Hansen, B. C. and Doughty, E.}
}
@conference {1621,
	title = {Effects of differential degradation of marine organic compounds on preserved radiocarbon ages and biomarker-based SST reconstructions, Poster},
	booktitle = {EGU General Assembly},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 1072},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Vienna, Austria},
	author = {Mollenhauer, Gesine and Sinninghe, Jaap S. and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@conference {1622,
	title = {Elemental and isotopic characterization of organic matter and carbon in the South Atlantic bight, a net heterotrophic ocean margin},
	booktitle = {Ocean Sciences Meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 481},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Honolulu, HI},
	author = {De Alteris, J. and Bauer, J. E. and Perkey, D. W. and Keesee, E. J. and Cai, W. J.}
}
@conference {1628,
	title = {Environmental impact on LIS from the early colonial society},
	booktitle = {Long Island Sound Research Conference},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 750},
	month = {2006},
	address = {Groton, CT},
	author = {Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C.}
}
@conference {1632,
	title = {Evaluating the Holocene c=dynamics of oceanographic processes in the Southeast Brazilian Bight using accumulations of calcitic and aragonitic shells},
	booktitle = {American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 716},
	month = {2006},
	address = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
	abstract = {PP43A-01233},
	author = {Krause R.A, Jr. and Barbour-Wood, S. and Kowalewski, M. and Simoes, M. G. and Kaufman, D. and Romanek, C. S. and Wehmiller, J. F.}
}
@article {591,
	title = {Evaluation of ageing accuracy of bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis) rockfish using bomb radiocarbon},
	journal = {Fisheries Research},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2006},
	note = {011qtTimes Cited:10Cited References Count:40},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {200-206},
	abstract = {The accuracy of bocaccio rockfish age assignments was evaluated using radiocarbon levels measured in otoliths collected from fish taken off the coast of Washington state (USA). Otoliths from 24 randomly selected fish with estimated birth years from 1950 to 1977, based on paired otolith age estimates, were used in this study. The level of radiocarbon measured in the core of each otolith was compared to a reference radiocarbon chronology based on radiocarbon levels in otoliths from known-age Pacific halibut. The degree of graphical phase correspondence between the two series was sufficient to support the hypothesis that the annuli were formed yearly in bocaccio otoliths but were somewhat difficult to identify. Statistical analysis of the ageing errors could not document a bias in production ageing of bocaccio. Pre-bomb radiocarbon levels measured in otolith cores confirm that bocaccio can live at least 37 years. Published by Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {0165-7836},
	doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2005.10.003},
	author = {Piner, K. R. and Wallace, J. R. and Hamel, O. S. and Mikus, R.}
}
@inbook {1430,
	title = {An evolutionary model for the origins of agriculture on the Pacific coast of southern Mexico},
	booktitle = {Behavioral Ecology and the Transition to Agriculture},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 465},
	month = {2006},
	publisher = {University of California Press},
	organization = {University of California Press},
	address = {Berkeley, CA},
	author = {Kennett, D. J. and Voorhies, B. and Martorana, D.},
	editor = {Kennett, D. J.}
}
@conference {1617,
	title = {The early geological history of Long Island Sound},
	booktitle = {AGU Fall meeting},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 744},
	month = {2005},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C. and Thomas, E.}
}
@article {1982,
	title = {Effects of natural sunlight on decomposition of estuarine dissolved organic C, N and P and bacterial growth},
	journal = {Aquatic Microbial Ecology},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1101},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {25-35},
	author = {McCallister, S. L. and Bauer, J. E. and Kelly, J. and Ducklow, H. W.}
}
@conference {1626,
	title = {The environmental history of Long Island Sound with evidence for human impacts},
	booktitle = {Living on the Edge Symposium},
	volume = {Abstract},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 743},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {12-13},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C. and Thomas, E.}
}
@article {1972,
	title = {An equatorial harmonic of the high latitude 1500-year cycle},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1006},
	month = {2005},
	author = {Russell, J. M. and Johnson, T. C.}
}
@article {1981,
	title = {An evaluation of 14C age relationships between co-occurring foraminifera, alkenones, and total organic carbon in continental margin sediments},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 492},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {1-12},
	author = {Mollenhauer, Gesine and Kienast, Markus and Lamy, Frank and Meggers, Helge and Schneider, Ralph R. and Hayes, John M. and Eglinton, Timothy I.}
}
@article {1967,
	title = {Evidence from ophiolites, blueschists, and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terrances that the modern episode of subduction tectonics began in Neoproterozoic time},
	journal = {Geological Society of America},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2005},
	note = {id: 1551},
	month = {2005},
	pages = {557-560},
	author = {Stern, Robert J.}
}
@article {594,
	title = {Evidence from the Northeastern Atlantic basin for variability in the rate of the meridional overturning circulation through the last deglaciation},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {240},
	year = {2005},
	note = {995vhTimes Cited:93Cited References Count:69},
	month = {Dec 15},
	pages = {710-723},
	abstract = {A first study from the subtropical western Atlantic, using Pa-231/Th-230 ratios as a kinematic proxy for deep water circulation, provided compelling evidence for a strong link between climate and the rate of Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) over the last deglaciation. However, these results warrant confirmation from additional locations and water depths because the interpretation of the sedimentary Pa-231/Th-230 ratio in terms of circulation vigor can be biased by variations in particle flux and composition. We have measured Pa-231/Th-230 in a core from the Iberian margin, in the Northeastern Atlantic basin, and have compared these new results to the data from the western Atlantic basin. We find that the reduction in the circulation during H1 and YD and the subsequent increases first recognized in the sediment deposited on Ben-nuda Rise are also evident in the eastern basin, in a totally different sedimentary regime, confirming that sedimentary Pa-231/Th-230 ratios record basin-wide changes in deep water circulation. However, some differences between the eastern and western records are also recognized, providing preliminary evidence to differentiate between renewal rates in the two North Atlantic basins and between shallower and deeper overturning. Our results suggest the possible existence of two sources of Glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Deep Water (GNAIW), one in the south Labrador Sea and another west of Rockall Plateau. Both sources contributed to the meridional overturning but the two had different sensitivity to meltwater from the Laurentide and the Fermoscandian ice sheets during the deglaciation. These results indicate that additional information on the geometry and strength of the ventilation of the deep Atlantic can be obtained by contrasting the evolution of sediment Pa-231/Th-230 in different sections of the Atlantic Ocean. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0012-821x},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.061},
	author = {Gherardi, J. M. and Labeyrie, L. and McManus, J. F. and Francois, R. and Skinner, L. C. and Cortijo, E.}
}
@article {2005,
	title = {Evidence of past intense tropical cyclones from backbarrier salt pond sediments: A case study from Isla de Culebrita, Puerto Rico, USA},
	journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
	volume = {SI42},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Sp. Iss. 42947fu
Times Cited:16
Cited References Count:40
},
	month = {Spr},
	pages = {201-210},
	abstract = {Tropical cyclones pose a significant threat to lives and resources in heavily-populated regions and can extensivelymodify coastal landforms. In appropriate depositional environments a sedimentological record of past tropical cyclones can be preserved. Given the relative rarity of landfalling tropical cyclones and the shortness of the instrumental record, little is known about past patterns of hurricane activity. The development of long-term records of tropical cyclone activity will make it possible to examine how past climate change may have influenced the frequency, intensity, and locations (origin, tracks) of hurricanes. Previous work has shown that intense hurricane strikes produce a distinctive sedimentary signature that can be used to reconstruct long-term records of these events. Numerous coastal salt ponds and lagoons in eastern Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands are well situated to receive allocthonous sediments during intense tropical cyclone landfalls. Coastal salt ponds, normally low-energy environments, are dominated by fine-grained organic sediments, with the exception of episodic deposition of coarser-grained mineral sediments from the beach and nearshore during extreme storms. Sediment obtained from a series of cores taken from Big Culebrita Salt Pond on the Isla de Culebrita, Puerto Rico reveal a record of flooding-induced sedimentation within mangrove and salt-pond sediments dating back more than 2000 years. Reconstructing the history of storm-surge deposition from backbarrier salt-pond sediments may allow for the reconstruction of a millennial-scale record of tropical cyclones for the northeastern Caribbean and other regions.},
	keywords = {Caribbean, climate, coast, deposits, florida, grain-size analysis, Holocene, hurricane, hurricanes, new-jersey, record, south-carolina, storm, tsunami},
	isbn = {0749-0208},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/25736985},
	author = {Donnelly, J. P.}
}
@article {494,
	title = {Early diagenetic remineralization of sedimentary organic C in the Gulf of Papua deltaic complex (Papua New Guinea): Net loss of terrestrial C and diagenetic fractionation of C isotopes},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {68},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 976; 813FD Times Cited:44 Cited References Count:72},
	pages = {1815-1825},
	abstract = {Oceania supplies similar to40\% of the global riverine flux of organic carbon, approximately half of which is injected onto broad continental shelves and processed in shallow deltaic systems. The Gulf of Papua, on the south coast of the large island of New Guinea, is one such deltaic clinoform complex. It receives similar to4 Mt yr(-1) particulate terrestrial organic carbon with initial particle C-org loading similar to0.7 mg m(-2). C-org loading is reduced to similar to0.3 mg m(-2) in the topset-upper foreset zones of the delta despite additional inputs of mangrove and planktonic detritus, and high net sediment accumulation rates of 1-4 cm yr(-1) . Carbon isotopic analyses (delta(3)C, Delta(14)C) of SigmaCO(2) and C-org demonstrate rapid (},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Gca.2003.10.028},
	author = {Aller, R. C. and Blair, N. E.}
}
@conference {1619,
	title = {The early history of Long Island Sound},
	booktitle = {7th Biennial Long Island Sound research conference, Program/Abstracts},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 741},
	month = {2004},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C. and Thomas, E. and Groner, M.}
}
@article {2032,
	title = {Enhanced marine productivity off western North America during warm climate intervals of the past 52 kyr},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 603},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {521-524},
	author = {Ortiz, J. D. and O{\textquoteright}Connell, S. and DelViscio, J. and Dean, W. E. and Carriquiry, J. and Marchitto, T. M. and Zheng, Y. and van Geen, A.}
}
@article {2015,
	title = {Episodic methane release events from Last Glacial marginal sediments in the western North Pacific},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2004},
	note = {849mvTimes Cited:13
Cited References Count:73
},
	month = {Aug 19},
	pages = {1525-2027},
	abstract = {[1] According to recent observations of anomalous bottom-simulating reflections (BSR),the northwest Pacific marginal sediments around Japan main islands bear large abundances of methane hydrate [Satoh, 2002]. During the Last Glacial, direct and indirect evidence accumulated from geochemical data suggests that methane episodically released from hydrate trapped in the seafloor sediments [ Dickens et al., 1995; Hinrichs et al., 2003; Kennett et al., 2000]. Here we show that marginal sediments from the western North Pacific contain a hopanoid 17alpha( H), 21beta(H)-hop-22(29)-ene ( diploptene) derived from the activity of methanotrophic bacteria in water column and/or surface sediment during a warming period (Interstadial 3) in the Last Glacial. The carbon isotopic compositions of diploptene range between - 41.0parts per thousand and - 27.9parts per thousand ( relative to PDB). In the horizon indicative of a contribution of methanotrophic bacteria, foraminiferal isotope signals were also found with highly depleted C-13 compositions of planktonic foraminifera ( similar to - 1.9parts per thousand, PDB) and benthic foraminifera ( similar to - 0.8parts per thousand, PDB), suggesting indirect records of enhanced incorporation of C-13-depleted CO2 formed by methanotrophic process that use C-12-enriched methane as their main source of carbon. From combined isotopic data of molecular ( diploptene) and foraminifera, the most prominent signal of methane release was detected in the sediments deposited around 25.4 cal. kyr BP ( similar to 100 year time span), corresponding to the Interstadial 3. This is the first evidence of methane hydrate instability in the open western North Pacific during the Last Glacial. Considering the glacial-interglacial hydrographic conditions in this region, the instability of methane hydrate may be modulated by intermediate water warming and/or the lowering of sea level. Our results suggest that the western North Pacific marginal regions may be a profound effect on rapid global warming climate changes during the Last Glacial.},
	keywords = {atmospheric composition and structure : geochemical cycles, atmospheric methane, carbon isotopes, carbon isotopic fractionation, climate-change, cold seeps, diploptene, Foraminifera, gas-hydrate, geochemistry : isotopic composition/chemistry, geochemistry : organic geochemistry, hydrocarbons, interglacial, intermediate water, methane hydrate, santa-barbara basin, sea sediments, subduction zone, western north pacific},
	isbn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2004GC000699},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000223543700001},
	author = {Uchida, M. and Shibata, Y. and Ohkushi, K. and Ahagon, N. and Hoshiba, M.}
}
@article {2012,
	title = {The eutrophication of Long Island Sound, abstract},
	journal = {EOS Trans. AGU},
	volume = {85},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 740},
	month = {2004},
	author = {Varekamp, J. C. and Lugolobi, F. and Thomas, E. and Mecray, E. and Buchholtz ten Brink, M. R.}
}
@article {2017,
	title = {Eutrophication of western Long Island Sound},
	journal = {GSA Annual Meeting},
	volume = {Abstracts 36},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 739},
	month = {2004},
	pages = {212-217},
	author = {Thomas, E. and Varekamp, J. C. and Acosta, Z. and Thaler, B. and Cooper, S. and Sangiorgio, F.}
}
@article {2039,
	title = {Evaluation of ocean carbon cycle models with data-based metrics},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2004},
	note = {811adTimes Cited:110
Cited References Count:17
},
	month = {Apr 2},
	abstract = {New radiocarbon and chlorofluorocarbon-11 data from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment are used to assess a suite of 19 ocean carbon cycle models. We use the distributions and inventories of these tracers as quantitative metrics of model skill and find that only about a quarter of the suite is consistent with the new data-based metrics. This should serve as a warning bell to the larger community that not all is well with current generation of ocean carbon cycle models. At the same time, this highlights the danger in simply using the available models to represent the state-of-the-art modeling without considering the credibility of each model.},
	keywords = {anthropogenic co2, pacific-ocean, radiocarbon},
	isbn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2003GL018970},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000220743900001},
	author = {Matsumoto, K. and Sarmiento, J. L. and Key, R. M. and Aumont, O. and Bullister, J. L. and Caldeira, K. and Campin, J. M. and Doney, S. C. and Drange, H. and Dutay, J. C. and Follows, M. and Gao, Y. and Gnanadesikan, A. and Gruber, N. and Ishida, A. and Joos, F. and Lindsay, K. and Maier-Reimer, E. and Marshall, J. C. and Matear, R. J. and Monfray, P. and Mouchet, A. and Najjar, R. and Plattner, G. K. and Schlitzer, R. and Slater, R. and Swathi, P. S. and Totterdell, I. J. and Weirig, M. F. and Yamanaka, Y. and Yool, A. and Orr, J. C.}
}
@article {723,
	title = {Evidence for Late Holocene earthquakes on the Utsalady Point Fault, northern puget lowland, Washington},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
	volume = {94},
	year = {2004},
	note = {887giTimes Cited:18Cited References Count:46},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {2299-2316},
	abstract = {Trenches across the Utsalady Point fault in the northern Puget Lowland of Washington reveal evidence of at least one and probably two late Holocene earthquakes. The "Teeka"{\textquoteright} and "Duffers" trenches were located along a 1.4-km-long. 1- to 4-m-high, northwest-trending, southwest-facing. topographic scarp recognized from Airborne Laser Swath Mapping. Glaciomarine drift exposed in the trenches reveals evidence of about 95 to 150 cm of vertical and 200 to 220 cm of left-lateral slip in the Teeka trench. Radiocarbon ages from a buried soil A horizon and overlying slope colluvium alone, with the historical record of earthquakes suggest that this faulting occurred 100 to 400 calendar years B.P. (A.D. 1550 to 1850). In the Duffers trench, 370 to 450 cm of vertical separation is accommodated by faulting (similar to210 cm) and folding (similar to160 to 240 cm), with probable but undetermined amounts of lateral slip. Stratigraphic relations and radiocarbon ages from buried soil, colluvium. and fissure fill in the hanging wall suggest the deformation at Duffers is most likely from two earthquakes that occurred between 100 to 500 and 1100 to 2200 calendar years B.P., but deformation during a single earthquake is also possible. For the two-earthquake hypothesis, deformation at Teeka trench in the first event involved folding but not faulting. Regional relations suggest that the earthquake(s) were M greater than or equal to similar to6.7 and that offshore rupture may have produced tsunamis. Based on this investigation and related recent studies, the maximum recurrence interval for large ground-rupturing crustal-fault earthquakes in the Puget Lowland is about 400 to 600 years or less.},
	issn = {0037-1106},
	doi = {10.1785/0120040050},
	author = {Johnson, S. Y. and Nelson, A. R. and Personius, S. F. and Wells, R. E. and Kelsey, H. N. and Sherrod, B. L. and Okumura, K. and Koehler, R. and Witter, R. C. and Bradley, L. A. and Harding, D. J.}
}
@conference {1633,
	title = {Evidence of historical wet period deposits in central Long Island Sound: source and transport processes based on mercury profiles and sedimentology},
	booktitle = {7th biennial Long Island Sound research conference, Program and abstrracts},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 734},
	month = {2004},
	author = {Carey, D. A. and Varekamp, J. C.}
}
@article {718,
	title = {The evolution of the Earth surface sulfur reservoir},
	journal = {American Journal of Science},
	volume = {304},
	year = {2004},
	note = {889sqTimes Cited:142Cited References Count:59},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {839-861},
	abstract = {The surface sulfur reservoir is in intimate contact with the mantle. Over long time scales, exchange with the mantle has influenced the surface reservoir size and possibly its isotopic composition. Processes delivering sulfur to the Earth surface from the mantle include volcanic outgassing, hydrothermal input, and ocean crust weathering. The sulfide fixed in ocean crust as a consequence of hydrothermal sulfate reduction, and subduction of sedimentary sulfides, represent return pathways of sulfur to the mantle. The importance of these different pathways in influencing the size of the surface sulfur reservoir depends on the particulars of ocean and atmosphere chemistry. During times of banded iron formation when the oceans contained dissolved iron, sulfide from submarine hydrothermal activity was precipitated on the seafloor and subsequently subducted back into the mantle and, therefore, had little impact on the surface sulfur reservoir size. With sulfidic ocean bottom water conditions, which may have occurred through long stretches of the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic, significant amounts of sulfide is subducted into the mantle. When the oceans are oxic, sulfide subduction is unimportant, and an additional source, ocean crust weathering, delivers sulfur to the Earth surface. Thus, under oxic conditions the surface environment accumulates sulfur, and probably has for most of the last 700 million years.Mass balance modeling suggests that the surface sulfur reservoir may have peaked in size in the early Mesoproterozoic, declined to a minimum in the Neoproterozoic, and increased to its present size through the Phanerozoic. The exchange of sulfur between the mantle and the surface environment can also influence the isotopic composition of the surface reservoir. Modeling shows that the subduction of S-34- depleted sulfur through the Mesoproterzoic could have significantly increased the average delta(34)S of the surface reservoir into the late Neoproterozoic. The preserved isotope record through the Neoproterozoic is well out of balance, with the average delta(34)S for sulfate and sulfide both exceeding the modem crustal average. This imbalance could be explained, at least partly, if the crustal average was more S-34-enriched than at present, as the modeling presented here suggests.},
	issn = {0002-9599},
	doi = {10.2475/ajs.304.10.839},
	author = {Canfield, D. E.}
}
@article {269,
	title = {Export of young terrigenous dissolved organic carbon from rivers to the Arctic Ocean},
	journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 646; 806KJ Times Cited:60 Cited References Count:34},
	abstract = {Soils in the drainage basins of Arctic rivers are a major global reservoir of aged organic carbon. The fate of this old carbon is of growing concern as the effects of climate change become more evident in the Arctic. We report natural abundance C-14 data indicating that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from several Eurasian and North American rivers is predominantly young and largely derived from recently-fixed C in plant litter and upper soil horizons. Concentrations of dissolved lignin phenols, unique organic tracers of terrestrial plant material, and C-14 content in DOC were strongly correlated throughout the Arctic Ocean, indicating terrigenous DOC is mostly young and widely distributed in polar surface waters. These young ages of terrigenous DOC in rivers and the ocean indicate little of the old carbon stored in Arctic soils is currently being mobilized in the dissolved component of continental runoff.},
	issn = {0094-8276},
	doi = {10.1029/2003gl019251},
	author = {Benner, R. and Benitez-Nelson, B. and Kaiser, K. and Amon, R. M. W.}
}
@article {2066,
	title = {Early cave occupations on San Miguel Island, California},
	journal = {Current Research in the Pleistocene},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1093},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {70-72},
	author = {Rick, Torben C. and Erlandson, Jon M. and Vellanoweth, Rene L.}
}
@article {2084,
	title = {East Asian monsoon forcing of suborbital variability in the Sulu Sea during Marine Isotope Stage 3: Link to Northern Hemisphere climate},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2003},
	note = {631mwTimes Cited:41
Cited References Count:53
},
	month = {Jan 2},
	abstract = {[1] We have generated a new high-resolution record of variations in planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes (delta(18)O) and Mg/Ca from a sediment core (IMAGES 97-2141) in the Sulu Sea located in the Philippine archipelago of western tropical Pacific. This record reveals distinct, suborbital-scale delta(18)O changes, most notably during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) (similar to30,000 to 60,000 years B.P.). The amplitudes of these delta(18)O fluctuations (0.4 to 0.7parts per thousand) exceed that which can be attributed to sea level changes and must be due to changes in sea surface conditions. In the same interval, variations in planktonic foraminifera Mg/Ca suggest that suborbital surface ocean temperature variations of 1 to 1.5degreesC in the Sulu Sea were not in phase with delta(18)O. Combined, this evidence indicates that the MIS3 millennial delta(18)O events in the Sulu Sea were primarily the result of changes in surface water salinity, which today is directly related to the East Asian Monsoon (EAM) and its influence on the balance between surface water contributions from the South China Sea and Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP). Within dating uncertainties the MIS3 Sulu Sea delta(18)O suborbital variability indicates that times of fresher surface conditions in the Sulu Sea coincide with similar conditions in the WPWP [Stott et al., 2002] and also with intensifications of the summer EAM as recorded in the U-Th dated Chinese (Hulu Cave) speleothem delta(18)O record [Wang et al., 2001] and thus by inference with interstadials in the Greenland Ice core records. Combined, these results indicate that pronounced suborbital variability in the summer EAM and Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during MIS3 was tightly coupled with climate conditions in the northern high latitudes.},
	keywords = {1620 global change : climate dynamics (3309), 4267 oceanography : general : paleoceanography, dissolution, equatorial pacific, eurasian snow cover, isotope stage 3, last glacial period, late pleistocene, Mg/Ca, millennial-scale climate change, oxygen isotopes, paleoceanography, planktonic-foraminifera, records, se asian monsoon, south china sea, summer monsoon, surface temperature-variations},
	isbn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2002GC000390},
	author = {Dannenmann, S. and Linsley, B. K. and Oppo, D. W. and Rosenthal, Y. and Beaufort, L.}
}
@article {615,
	title = {Ecosystem modulation of dissolved carbon age in a temperate marsh-dominated estuary},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2003},
	note = {746zrTimes Cited:42Cited References Count:73},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {694-705},
	abstract = {We measured the concentrations and isotopic values (Delta(14)C and delta(13)C) of dissolved inorganic, dissolved organic, and particulate organic carbon (DIC, DOC, and POC, respectively) in the Parker River watershed and estuary in Massachusetts, USA, to determine the age of carbon (C) entering the estuary and how estuarine processing affects the quantity and apparent age of C transported to the Gulf of Maine. The watershed measurements indicated the transport of Delta(14)C-enriched modern DIC and DOC and variably aged POC from the watershed to the estuary. The transport of organic matter from the watershed was dominated by DOC transport, with POC making up less than 10\% of the total. Surveys within the watershed aimed at determining which land-use type dominated the DOC export indicated that wetlands, although they made up only around 20\% of the land use, could be responsible for approximately 75\% of the DOC export. We therefore conclude that the wetland land uses of the Parker River watershed are exporting mainly Delta(14)C-enriched modem DOC. DIC isotopes indicate that the source of DIC in the Parker River watershed is dominated by the weathering of noncarbonate parent material by Delta(14)C-enriched carbon dioxide (CO2) originating from the respiration of young organic matter in soils. Transects in the estuary displayed net additions of all C species. For DOC and DIC, the export of this internally added DOC and DIC was approximately equal to the amount being exported from the watershed, showing the importance of focusing on estuaries when estimating the export of C to the coastal ocean. With respect to DIC, the total input is even larger when the atmospheric exchange of excess PCO2 is calculated. The Delta(14)C -DOC and Delta(14)C-DIC transects indicate that the internally added DOC and DIC is Delta(14)C-enriched modern material. The source of this material is the fringing marshes and estuarine phytoplankton, with the relative importance of these two sources changing over time. Taken together, the bulk C and Delta(14)C measurements show that the estuary is adding significant quantities of young DOC despite the presence of vast quantities of old marsh peat flanking the entire estuary. Furthermore, the DIC data indicate that Delta(14)C-enriched modern material is what is fueling the majority of heterotrophic respiration within the system.},
	issn = {1432-9840},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-002-0213-6},
	author = {Raymond, P. A. and Hopkinson, C. S.}
}
@inbook {1429,
	title = {Emergence of Late Holocene sociopolitical complexity on Santa Rosa and San Miquel Islands},
	booktitle = {Catalist to Complexity: The Late Holocene Archaeology of the California Coast: Perspectives in California Archaeology},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 472},
	month = {2003},
	publisher = {Institute of Archaeology, University of California},
	organization = {Institute of Archaeology, University of California},
	address = {Los Angeles, CA},
	author = {Kennett, D. J. and Conlee, C. A.},
	editor = {Erlandson, J. M.}
}
@article {991,
	title = {Eutrophication and carbon sources in Chesapeake Bay over the last 2700 yr: human impacts in context},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 541},
	pages = {3385-3402},
	abstract = {To compare natural variability and trends in a developed estuary with human-influenced patterns, stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) were measured in sediments from five piston cores collected in Chesapeake Bay. Mixing of terrestrial and algal carbon sources primarily controls patterns of δ13Corg profiles, so this proxy shows changes in estuary productivity and in delivery of terrestrial carbon to the bay. Analyses of δ15N show periods when oxygen depletion allowed intense denitrification and nutrient recycling to develop in the seasonally stratified water column, in addition to recycling taking place in surficial sediments. These conditions produced 15N-enriched (heavy) nitrogen in algal biomass, and ultimately in sediment. A pronounced increasing trend in δ15N of +4{\textperthousand} started in about A.D. 1750 to 1800 at all core sites, indicating greater eutrophication in the bay and summer oxygen depletion since that time. The timing of the change correlates with the advent of widespread land clearing and tillage in the watershed, and associated increases in erosion and sedimentation. Isotope data show that the region has experienced up to 13 wet-dry cycles in the last 2700 yr. Relative sea-level rise and basin infilling have produced a net freshening trend overprinted with cyclic climatic variability. Isotope data also constrain the relative position of the spring productivity maximum in Chesapeake Bay and distinguish local anomalies from sustained changes impacting large regions of the bay. This approach to reconstructing environmental history should be generally applicable to studies of other estuaries and coastal embayments impacted by watershed development.},
	doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00131-5},
	author = {Bratton, John F. and Colman, Steven M. and Seal, Robert R.}
}
@conference {1631,
	title = {Evaluating system-specific variability in riverine organic matter ages: implications for determining terrestrial contributions to oceanic DOC},
	booktitle = {Symposium on New Approaches in Marine Organic Biogeochemistry},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 486},
	month = {2003},
	address = {Friday Harbor Laboratory, Seattle, WA},
	author = {Raymond, P. A.}
}
@article {730,
	title = {Evolution of a habitable planet},
	journal = {Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics},
	volume = {41},
	year = {2003},
	note = {742axTimes Cited:217Cited References Count:146},
	pages = {429-463},
	abstract = {Giant planets have now been discovered around other stars, and it is only a matter of time until Earth-sized planets are detected. Whether any of these planets are suitable for life depends on their volatile abundances, especially water, and on their climates. Only planets within the liquid-water habitable zone (HZ) can support life on their surfaces and, thus, can be analyzed remotely to determine whether they are inhabited. Fortunately, current models predict that HZs are relatively wide around main-sequence stars not too different from our sun. This conclusion is based on studies of how our own planet has evolved over time. Earth{\textquoteright}s climate has remained conducive to life for the past 3.5 billion years or more, despite a large increase in solar luminosity, probably because of previous higher concentrations Of CO2 and/or CH4. Both these gases are involved in negative feedback loops that help to stabilize the climate. In addition to these topics, we also briefly discuss the rise of atmospheric O-2 and O-3, along with their possible significance as indicators of life on other planets.},
	issn = {0066-4146},
	doi = {10.1146/annurev.astro.41.071601.170049},
	author = {Kasting, J. F. and Catling, D.}
}
@book {1383,
	title = {Evolution of Sedimentary Rocks},
	series = {Treatise on Geochemistry},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2003},
	note = {id: 1604},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {369-407},
	publisher = {Elsevier Ltd, Oxford},
	organization = {Elsevier Ltd, Oxford},
	author = {Veizer, J. and Mackenzie, F. T.},
	editor = {Turekian, K. K.}
}
@article {747,
	title = {Extensive deposits on the Pacific plate from Late Pleistocene North American glacial lake outbursts},
	journal = {Journal of Geology},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2003},
	note = {758frTimes Cited:37Cited References Count:53},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {617-637},
	abstract = {One of the major unresolved issues of the Late Pleistocene catastrophic-flood events in the northwestern United States (e.g., from glacial Lake Missoula) has been what happened when the flood discharge reached the ocean. This study compiles available 3.5-kHz high-resolution and airgun seismic reflection data, long-range sidescan sonar images, and sediment core data to define the distribution of flood sediment in deepwater areas of the Pacific Ocean. Upon reaching the ocean at the mouth of the Columbia River near the present-day upper continental slope, sediment from the catastrophic floods continued flowing downslope as hyperpycnally generated turbidity currents. The turbidity currents resulting from the Lake Missoula and other latest Pleistocene floods followed the Cascadia Channel into and through the Blanco Fracture Zone and then flowed west to the Tufts Abyssal Plain. A small part of the flood sediment, which was stripped off the main flow at a bend in the Cascadia Channel at its exit point from the Blanco Fracture Zone, continued flowing more than 400 km to the south and reached the Escanaba Trough, a rift valley of the southern Gorda Ridge. Understanding the development of the pathway for the Late Pleistocene flood sediment reaching Escanaba Trough provides insight for understanding the extent of catastrophic flood deposits on the Pacific plate.},
	issn = {0022-1376},
	doi = {10.1086/378334},
	author = {Normark, W. R. and Reid, J. A.}
}
@article {950,
	title = {El Nino-like pattern in Ice Age Tropical Pacific Sea surace temperature},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {297},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 644},
	pages = {226-230},
	abstract = {Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the cold tongue of the eastern equatorial Pacific exert powerful controls on global atmospheric circulation patterns. We examined climate variability in this region from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the present, using a SST record reconstructed from magnesium/calcium ratios in foraminifera from sea-floor sediments near the Gal{\'a}pagos Islands. Cold-tongue SST varied coherently with precession-induced changes in seasonality during the past 30,000 years. Observed LGM cooling of just 1.2{\textdegree}C implies a relaxation of tropical temperature gradients, weakened Hadley and Walker circulation, southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, and a persistent El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}like pattern in the tropical Pacific. This is contrasted with mid-Holocene cooling suggestive of a La Ni{\~n}a{\textendash}like pattern with enhanced SST gradients and strengthened trade winds. Our results support a potent role for altered tropical Pacific SST gradients in global climate variations.},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1072376 },
	author = {Koutavas, Athanasios and Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean and Marchitto, Thomas M. and Sachs, Julian P.}
}
@conference {1623,
	title = {ENSO mid-Holocene onset: constraints from an open ocean record in the eastern equatorial Pacific},
	booktitle = {AGU},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 352},
	month = {2002},
	author = {Richaud, M. and Loubere, P.}
}
@article {2102,
	title = {Eolian processes, ground cover, and the archaeology of coastal dunes: a taphonomic case study from San Miguel Island, California, U.S.A},
	journal = {Geoarchaeology},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 1089},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {811-833},
	author = {Rick, Torben C.}
}
@conference {1629,
	title = {Eutrophication of Long Island Sound as traced by benthic foraminifera},
	booktitle = {Long Island Sound/NEERS Research Conference},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 727},
	month = {2002},
	address = {Groton, CT},
	author = {Thomas, E. and Abramson, I. and Varekamp, J. C. and Buchholtz ten Brink, M. R.}
}
@conference {1278,
	title = {The Effect of Different Acid Treatments on the Radiocarbon Age of Sedimentary Organic Matter},
	booktitle = {EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Date revised - 2007-02-01SuppNotes - Session: OS41A 9 The Truth About Paleoceanographic Proxies - What Are They Really Telling Us III Posters.Last updated - 2016-05-27},
	month = {January 2001},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20009 USA, [mailto:service@agu.org]},
	organization = {American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20009 USA, [mailto:service@agu.org]},
	abstract = {To date the bulk organic carbon in marine sediments it is necessary to first remove any inorganic carbon present by acidification. We tested three different acid treatments to see how the different methods affected the stable and radio-carbon isotopic values of the remaining organic matter. The standard NOSAMS method is to react the sediment with repeated aliquots of1.2N HCl until no visible dissolution reaction is present. The remaining sediment is then rinsed with distilled water. This method leaves a carbonate-free sediment that is easy to combust but suffers from the possible removal of acid-soluble organic matter. We compared this method to two methods that do not require rinsing of the sediments after acid treatment--a vapor phase acidification method using concentrated HCl (Hedges and Stern, 1984) and an in situ acidification with sulfurous acid (Verardo et al., 1990). Scaling these methods up to deal with the amount of sediment required for a radiocarbon date can present challenges that are not evident when dealing with the small quantities required for a percent organic carbon measurement. Vapor phase acidification of high carbonate sediments leaves hygroscopic salts that can impede sample combustion. Sulfurous acid is a weak acid and it is very difficult to determine when all the carbonate has been removed from a sediment sample. We tested sediments from 6 locations in (or near) the Atlantic Ocean that represented riverine, estuarine, and marine environments as well as a range of both organic and inorganic concentrations. We will present the isotopic results for these sediments and evaluate what is the most appropriate method to use. Hedges J.I. and J.H. Stern (1984) Limnol. Oceanogr. 29, 657-663. Verardo D.J., P.N. Froelich and A. McIntyre (1990) Deep-Sea Res. 37, 157-165.},
	keywords = {A, Atlantic, Acidification, Brackish, Brackishwater environment, carbon cycling, Chronostratigraphy, Estuarine sedimentation, organic carbon, organic matter, Palaeoceanography, Radioactivity and radioisotopes, Radiocarbon dating, Sediment chemistry, Stable isotopes},
	url = {https://search.proquest.com/docview/19468089?accountid=29119},
	author = {Batista, F and McNichol, A P and Gerlach, D S}
}
@article {2147,
	title = {Effects of biosynthesis and physiology on relative abundances and isotopic compositions of alkenones},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2001},
	note = {458kdTimes Cited:6
Cited References Count:39
},
	month = {Jan 29},
	pages = {art. no.-2000GC000052},
	abstract = {The number of double bonds in long-chain, unsaturated ketones (alkenones) produced by some members of the Haptophyceae is correlated with the ambient temperature at the time of synthesis. For these same organisms the depletion of carbon-13 in biosynthetic products relative to dissolved inorganic carbon is related directly to the specific growth rate and inversely to the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide. This report summarizes issues relating to the physiology, metabolism, and biochemistry of alkenone producers and how they affect the abundances and isotopic compositions of alkenones. These considerations show that an understanding of cellular responses to parameters governing uptake of inorganic carbon (C-i), isotopic fractionation, growth under diverse nutrient conditions, and genetic variability, both in the field and in culture, is necessary for developing a conceptual understanding of the biological significance of the epsilonp and U-37(K{\textquoteright}) indices. Emiliana huxleyi is the best known alkenone producer and can serve as a model organism for these studies. This report identifies knowledge gaps and appropriate objectives for both field- and laboratory-based research.},
	keywords = {algae, alkenones, anhydrase, biogeochemical processes, biosynthesis, calcification, carbon-13, emiliania-huxleyi prymnesiophyceae, fractionation, Haptophytes, inorganic carbon utilization, instruments and techniques, isoprenoid biosynthesis, marine diatom, paleoceanography, photosynthesis, physiology, phytoplankton, sea surface temperature},
	isbn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2000GC000052},
	author = {Gonzalez, E. L. and Riebesell, U. and Hayes, J. M. and Laws, E. A.}
}
@article {771,
	title = {Estimates of anthropogenic carbon uptake from four three-dimensional global ocean models},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2001},
	note = {417rwTimes Cited:187Cited References Count:64},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {43-60},
	abstract = {We have compared simulations of anthropogenic CO2 in the four three-dimensional ocean models that participated in the first phase of the Ocean Carbon-Cycle Model Intercomparison Project (OCMIP), as a means to identify their major differences. Simulated global uptake agrees to within +/- 19\%, giving a range of 1.85 +/-0.35 Pg C yr(-1) for the 1980-1989 average, Regionally, the Southern Ocean dominates the present-day air-sea flux of anthropogenic CO2 in all models, with one third to one half of the global uptake occurring south of 30 degreesS. The highest simulated total uptake in the Southern Ocean was 70\% larger than the lowest. Comparison with recent data-based estimates of anthropogenic CO2 suggest that most of the models substantially overestimate storage in the Southern Ocean; elsewhere they generally underestimate storage by less than 20\%. Globally, the OCMIP models appear to bracket the real ocean{\textquoteright}s present uptake, based on comparison of regional data-based estimates of anthropogenic CO2 and bomb C-14. Column inventories of bomb C-14 have become more similar to those for anthropogenic CO2 with the time that has elapsed between the Geochemical Ocean Sections Study (1970s) and World Ocean Circulation Experiment (1990s) global sampling campaigns. Our ability to evaluate simulated anthropogenic CO2 would improve if systematic errors associated with the data-based estimates could be provided regionally.},
	issn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2000gb001273},
	author = {Orr, J. C. and Maier-Reimer, E. and Mikolajewicz, U. and Monfray, P. and Sarmiento, J. L. and Toggweiler, J. R. and Taylor, N. K. and Palmer, J. and Gruber, N. and Sabine, C. L. and Le Quere, C. and Key, R. M. and Boutin, J.}
}
@article {2145,
	title = {Evaluation of a protocol for the quantification of black carbon in sediments, soils, and aquatic sediments},
	journal = {Global Biogeochem. Cycles},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1439},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {881-890},
	author = {Gustafsson, O. and Bucheli, T. D. and Kululska, M. and Andersson, C. and Largeau, C. and Rouzard, J. N. and Reddy, C. M. and Eglinton, T. I.}
}
@article {2199,
	title = {Ecosystem development and response to climatic change: a comparative study of forest-lake ecosystems on different substrates},
	journal = {Evolution and Behavior},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1384},
	month = {2000},
	author = {Ewing, Holly A.}
}
@article {328,
	title = {Enormous Ganges-Brahmaputra sediment discharge during strengthened early Holocene monsoon},
	journal = {Geology},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 147},
	pages = {1083-1086},
	abstract = {Rivers are the main source of terrigenous sediment delivered to continental margins and thus exert a major control on coastal evolution and sequence development. However, little is known about past changes in fluvial sediment loads despite the recognition of significant variation under changing climatic regimes. In this study we present the first quantified estimate of sediment discharge for a major river system under conditions of an intensified early Holocene monsoon. Development of the Ganges-Brahmaputra River delta began ca. 11000 yr B.P., when rising sea level flooded the Bengal basin, thereby trapping most of the river{\textquoteright}s discharge on the inner margin. Chronostratigraphic data from these deltaic deposits are used to calculate the rates of sediment storage on the margin, which provide a minimum estimate of the river{\textquoteright}s past sediment load. Results reveal that \~{}5 {\texttimes} 1012 m3 of sediment was stored in the Bengal basin from ca. 11000 to 7000 yr B.P., which corresponds to a mean load of 2.3 {\texttimes} 109 t/yr. In comparison, modern sediment load of the Ganges-Brahmaputra is \~{}1 {\texttimes} 109 t/yr, ranking it first among the world{\textquoteright}s rivers and underscoring the significance of a two-fold increase sustained over 4 k.y. Furthermore, the timing of immense discharge in the early Holocene strongly suggests its relation to a stronger than present southwest monsoon in South Asia. Similar patterns of high monsoon-related sediment discharge have been noted throughout the tropics and subtropics, suggesting a widespread fluviosedimentary response, the potential magnitude of which is showcased by the Ganges-Brahmaputra system.},
	doi = {10.1130/​0091-7613(2000)​28<1083:EGSDDS>​2.0.CO;2},
	author = {Goodbred, S. L., Jr. and Kuehl, S. A.}
}
@article {1520,
	title = {Environmental changes in the last centure in Little Trout Lake, Inkspot Bay, Great Corn and Little Corn Lakes, Lac du Flambeau Tribal Lands, Wisconsin. Report},
	volume = {Final Report to Water Resources Division, Lac du Flambeau Tribe},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 128},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {44},
	author = {Winkler, M. G. and Sanford, P. R.}
}
@article {1519,
	title = {Erosional scour and geologic evolution of Croatan Sound, northeastern North Caroline: N.C},
	volume = {FHA/NC/2000-02},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 243},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {115},
	institution = {Department of Transportation},
	author = {Riggs, S. R. and Rudolph, G. L. and Ames, D. V.}
}
@article {2178,
	title = {An estimate of the anthropogenic offset of oceanic d13CDIC based on the ventilation of the California Current at 42N},
	journal = {Global Biogeochem. Cycles},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 307},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {917-930},
	author = {Ortiz, J. D. and Mix, A. C. and Wheeler, P. and Key, R. M.}
}
@article {633,
	title = {Evidence from U-Th dating against Northern Hemisphere forcing of the penultimate deglaciation},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {404},
	year = {2000},
	note = {HendersonSloweyengEngland2000/03/15 09:00Nature. 2000 Mar 2;404(6773):61-6.},
	month = {Mar 02},
	pages = {61-6},
	abstract = {Milankovitch proposed that summer insolation at mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere directly causes the ice-age climate cycles. This would imply that times of ice-sheet collapse should correspond to peaks in Northern Hemisphere June insolation. But the penultimate deglaciation has proved controversial because June insolation peaks 127 kyr ago whereas several records of past climate suggest that change may have occurred up to 15 kyr earlier. There is a clear signature of the penultimate deglaciation in marine oxygen-isotope records. But dating this event, which is significantly before the 14C age range, has not been possible. Here we date the penultimate deglaciation in a record from the Bahamas using a new U-Th isochron technique. After the necessary corrections for alpha-recoil mobility of 234U and 230Th and a small age correction for sediment mixing, the midpoint age for the penultimate deglaciation is determined to be 135 +/- 2.5 kyr ago. This age is consistent with some coral-based sea-level estimates, but it is difficult to reconcile with June Northern Hemisphere insolation as the trigger for the ice-age cycles. Potential alternative driving mechanisms for the ice-age cycles that are consistent with such an early date for the penultimate deglaciation are either the variability of the tropical ocean-atmosphere system or changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration controlled by a process in the Southern Hemisphere.},
	issn = {0028-0836 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1038/35003541},
	author = {Henderson, G. M. and Slowey, N. C.}
}
@article {1517,
	title = {Environmental changes in the last centure in Little Trout Lake and Inkspot Bay, Lac du Flambeau Tribal Lands, Wisconsin. Preliminary Results Report},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1320},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {12},
	institution = {Water Resources Division, Lac du Flambeau Tribe},
	author = {Winkler, M. G. and Sanford, P. R.}
}
@article {2222,
	title = {Evidence for Late Pleistocene-Holocene Intermediate-Water variability in the North Atlantic},
	journal = {EOS},
	volume = {80},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 172},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {S169},
	author = {McManus, J. F. and Oppo, D. W. and Curry, W. and Marchitto, T. and Cullen, J. L.}
}
@article {2221,
	title = {Extreme 13C carb enrichment in ca. 2.0 Ga magnesite-stromatolite--dolomite--"red beds" association in a global context: a case for the world-wide signal enhanced by a local environment},
	journal = {Earth-Science Reviews},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1999},
	note = {id: 1567},
	month = {1999},
	pages = {71-120},
	author = {Melezhik, Victor A. and Fallick, Anthony E. and Medvedev, Pavel V. and Makarikhin, Vladimir V.}
}
@article {882,
	title = {Early diagenetic minerals and variables influencing their distributions in two long cores (>40m), Mississippi River delta plain},
	journal = {Journal of Sedimentary Research},
	volume = {68},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 5},
	pages = {185-197},
	abstract = {Two long (>40 m) continuous push cores of sediments from the Mississippi Delta Plain, one at a northern freshwater site and one at a southern marine-influenced site, have provided samples of individual concretions and homogenized bulk samples for a study of early diagenesis. Early (<10,000 y) diagenetic minerals are abundant and include: siderite>pyrite>calcite nearly equal dolomite>vivianite approximately hematite. Siderite formed postburial and contains bands of clastic minerals and accessory diagenetic calcite and dolomite, as well as Ca, Mg, and Mn substituted in the lattice. Values for delta 13 C increase with increasing depth to +11 per mil (PDB) at a depth of 40 m, reflecting the increasing role of methanogenesis with depth. From analyses of bulk samples, pyrite concentrations are higher in organic-rich horizons, do not vary appreciably with depth below one meter when adjusted for organic-carbon control, and are generally higher in the marine-influenced core than at the freshwater site. Conversely, concentrations of siderite are higher in fine-grained siliciclastic horizons, increase with depth to about 20 m, and do not vary with the extent of marine influence in these cores. To a first approximation, distributions of pyrite appear to be controlled by variations in organic carbon concentration in sulfate-sufficient systems that formed through marine incursion into organic-rich layers that cap sediment packages in the deltaic system. Residual pyritic S is sulfate-controlled and lower in the northern, more freshwater organic-rich sediments. Siderite formation appears to be focused in sulfate-deficient systems that formed when siliciclastic wedges that constitute the central parts of sediment packages prograded into lacustrine or bay environments. Low sulfate levels in these horizons in both cores facilitated similar levels of siderite. A juxtaposition of marine versus freshwater diagenetic mineral suites in adjacent horizons resulted from these interactions between physical and geochemical processes.},
	doi = {10.2110/jsr.68.185},
	author = {Bailey, A. M. and Roberts, H. H. and Blackson, J. M.}
}
@conference {1620,
	title = {Early results from the WOCE radiocarbon program},
	booktitle = {TYKKI workshop invited talk},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 312},
	month = {1998},
	address = {Tokyo, Japan},
	author = {Key, Robert M.}
}
@article {2260,
	title = {Early to middle Holocene climatic variability in Central America: evidence from lacustrine sediments in the Peten, Guatemala},
	journal = {EOS: Transactions American Geophysical Union},
	volume = {79},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 1209},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {476},
	author = {Rosenmeier, M. F. and Hodel, D. A. and Martin, J. B. and Brenner, M. and Curtis, J. H.}
}
@article {1513,
	title = {Environmental changes since deglaciation in Voyageurs National Park: A summary for park personnel in Holocene Paleoenvironnments in Western Great Lakes Park. Report},
	volume = {9; Final report},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 129},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {3},
	institution = {National Park Service},
	author = {Winkler, M. G. and Sanford, P. R.}
}
@article {2435,
	title = {Evaluating reproducibility of seawater, inorganic and organic carbon 14C results at the National Ocean Sciences AMS Facility (NOSAMS)},
	journal = {Radiocarbon},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {223-230},
	author = {Elder, K. L. and McNichol, A. P.  and Gagnon, A. R.}
}
@article {2266,
	title = {Evidence for episodic calcium-carbonate dissolution in the subpolar North Atlantic during the last glaciation},
	journal = {EOS},
	year = {1998},
	note = {id: 171},
	month = {1998},
	pages = {179-180},
	author = {McManus, J. F. and Lohmann, G. P.}
}
@article {2281,
	title = {Eastern Mississippi Delta; late Wisconsin unconformity, overlying transgressive facies, sea level and subsidence},
	journal = {Engineering Geology},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 79},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {359-381},
	author = {Stanley, D. J. and Warne, A. G. and Dunbar, J. B.}
}
@article {936,
	title = {Efficiency and temperature dependence of water removal by membrane dryers},
	journal = {Anal Chem},
	volume = {69},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Leckrone, K JHayes, J MengComparative StudyResearch Support, U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t, Non-P.H.S.1997/03/01 00:00Anal Chem. 1997 Mar 1;69(5):911-8.},
	month = {Mar 01},
	pages = {911-8},
	abstract = {The vapor pressure of water in equilibrium with sorption sites within a Nafion membrane is given by log P(WN) = -3580/T + 10.01, where P(WN) is expressed in Torr and T is the membrane temperature, in kelvin. The efficiency of dryers based on selective permeation of water through Nafion can thus be enhanced by cooling the membrane. Residual water in effluents exceeds equilibrium levels if insufficient time is allowed for water to diffuse to the membrane surface as gas passes through the dryer. For tubular configurations, this limitation can be avoided if L > or = Fc(10(3.8)/120 pi D), where L is the length of the tubular membrane, in centimeters, Fc is the gas flow rate, in mL/ min, and D is the diffusion coefficient for water in the carrier gas at the operating temperature of the dryer, in cm2/s. An efficient dryer that at room temperature dries gas to a dew point of -61 degrees C is described; the same dryer maintained at 0 degrees C yields a dew point of -80 degrees C and removes water as effectively as Mg(ClO4)2 or a dry ice/acetone slush. The use of Nafion membranes to construct devices capable of delivering gas streams with low but precisely controlled humidities is discussed.},
	issn = {0003-2700 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1021/ac9610220},
	author = {Leckrone, K. J. and Hayes, J. M.}
}
@article {907,
	title = {Eruption of Soufriere Hills Volcano in Montserrat},
	journal = {EOS},
	volume = {78},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 99},
	pages = {401-408},
	abstract = {On July 18,1995, the Soufriere Hills volcano in Montserrat erupted for the first time in recorded history. The eruption began with intense fumarolic venting and phreatic explosions following 3 years of elevated seismicity. An andesite lava dome emerged on November 15, 1995, and continued to grow, with several periods of copious pyroclastic flow generation and an explosive eruption on September 17, 1996. The largest pyroclastic flows to date (on June 25, 1997) and a period of vulcanian explosions with fountain collapse (during early August 1997) indicate continued escalation of the eruption.},
	doi = {10.1029/97EO00255},
	author = {Young, S. R. and Sparks, S. and Robertson, R. and Lynch, L. and Aspinall, W.}
}
@conference {1630,
	title = {Evaluating reproducibility of seawater, inorganic and organic carbon 14C results at the National Ocean Sciences AMS Facility (NOSAMS)},
	booktitle = {16th International Radiocarbon Conference},
	series = {Book of Abstracts},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 956},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {45},
	address = {Groningen},
	author = {Elder, K. L. and McNichol, A. P. and Gagnon, A. R.}
}
@article {1476,
	title = {The evaluation of geochemical indicators of anoxia in the Chesapeak Bay. Report},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 1374; rpc
},
	month = {1997},
	pages = {214},
	author = {Adelson, Jordan Michael}
}
@article {535,
	title = {Evidence for earliest olive oil production in submerged settlements off the Carmel coast, Israel},
	journal = {Journal of Archaeological Science},
	year = {1997},
	note = {id: 81},
	pages = {1141-1150},
	abstract = {Thousands of crushed olive stones with olive pulp are concentrated in pits at the Kfar Samir prehistoric settlement off the Carmel coast south of Haifa. Observations at this site, and at other Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic offshore settlements in this region, record an olive-oil technology that began along the Carmel coastal plain as early as 6500 years ago. This is about 500 years earlier than previously held. These new finds help define the technology of olive-oil production and refine the chronological definition of cultural units along the southern Levant coast during the 7th millenniumbp, a time of major transition between the end of the Neolithic and beginning of the Chalcolithic.},
	doi = {10.1006/jasc.1997.0193},
	author = {Galili, E. and Stanley, D. J. and Sharvit, Y. and Weinstein, E. M.}
}
@article {842,
	title = {The early and middle Weichselian interstadials in the central area of the Scandinavian glaciations},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {15},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Vl592Times Cited:10Cited References Count:56},
	pages = {471-479},
	abstract = {In the central parts of the Scandinavian glaciations, in Norway, Sweden and Finland, there are a number of Early Weichselian sites with fresh-water sediments, which, by comparison with sites further south, can be correlated with either the Brorup or Odderade interstadials. Few of these sites can with any certainty be correlated with just one of the two. In northern Jutland and at the coast of south-western Norway there are Early Weichselian marine sediments, some of those in Norway having been interpreted as interstadial.Middle Weichselian fresh-water sediments have only been found in Denmark and southern Sweden, whereas marine sediments occur in northern Jutland and at the coast in Norway, in the same areas as the Early Weichselian marine sediments. Most of the Middle Weichselian sites must be referred to as representing an interstadial complex, as a close correlation with the five interstadials identified in northwest Germany and The Netherlands is not possible.A close correlation has been made between the fluctuations in the deep-sea oxygen-isotope curve and the Weichselian history in Scandinavia, the justification for which is discussed. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd},
	issn = {0277-3791},
	doi = {10.1016/0277-3791(96)00002-9},
	author = {Donner, J.}
}
@article {2314,
	title = {East Asian monsoon variations; linkage to northern hemisphere millenniallll-scale climate oscillations},
	journal = {Supplement to EOS},
	volume = {77},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 56},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {19},
	author = {Oppo, D. W. and Deiner, L. and Curry, W. B. and Norris, R. D.}
}
@article {813,
	title = {Effects of turbidity flows on organic matter accumulation, sulfate reduction, and methane generation in deep-sea sediments on the Iberia Abyssal Plain},
	journal = {Organic Geochemistry},
	volume = {25},
	year = {1996},
	note = {Wd943Times Cited:22Cited References Count:33},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {69-78},
	abstract = {Non-steady-state sedimentation has affected preservation of organic matter in a Pliocene-Pleistocene turbidite sequence sampled by the Ocean Drilling Program at four closely spaced drill sites on the Iberia Abyssal Plain. Organic carbon concentrations average ca. 0.7\% in sediments from Sites 897 and 898 and ca. 0.4\% at Sites 899 and 900. Headspace concentrations of interstitial methane exceed 100,000 ppm in sediments from Sites 897 and 898 but are essentially zero in those from Sites 899 and 900. Methane concentrations do not rise until interstitial sulfate concentrations are virtually depleted, suggesting the presence of deep in situ methanogenic bacterial activity at Sites 897 and 898 and its absence at Sites 899 and 900. Two factors associated with the turbidity flows that created the sedimentary sequence evidently influenced post-depositional diagenesis at these sites. The principal factor is that the rapidly deposited turbidite sequences at Sites 897 and 898 protected organic matter from early oxic degradation and thereby permitted subsequent anoxic degradation to proceed. In contrast, organic matter in the more slowly deposited turbidites at Sites 899 and 900 was oxidized soon after deposition and was therefore not available for later microbial utilization. A lesser factor is that the turbidity flows may have obtained their entrained organic matter from different environments and consequently delivered organic matter with different characteristics. Both factors contributed to heterogeneity of the types and amounts of organic matter that accumulated in these deep-sea sediments, and this variability has influenced subsequent sulfate reduction and methanogenesis. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	issn = {0146-6380},
	doi = {10.1016/S0146-6380(96)00106-4},
	author = {Meyers, P. A. and Silliman, J. E. and Shaw, T. J.}
}
@conference {1634,
	title = {Evolution of the 14C signal in the surface North Atlantic Ocean},
	booktitle = {7th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Abstract Radiocarbon},
	volume = {38},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 89; 1},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {123},
	address = {Tucson, AZ},
	author = {Weidman, C. R. and Jones, G. A.}
}
@conference {1635,
	title = {Expanded Small Sample Capabilities at NOSAMS: Preparation and Analysis of Conventional Graphite Targets Containing 0.15 mg Carbon},
	booktitle = {7th International Conference on Accelerator Mass Spectrometry},
	volume = {38},
	year = {1996},
	note = {id: 946; 1},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {97},
	publisher = {Radiocarbon},
	organization = {Radiocarbon},
	address = {Tucson, AZ},
	author = {Pearson, A. and McNichol, A. P. and Schneider, R. J. and von Reden, K. F.}
}
@article {2344,
	title = {The eastern chenier plain; an update on downrift coastal progradation associated with the building of a new Holocene delta lobe in the Mississippi delta complex},
	journal = {AAPG Bulletin},
	volume = {79},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 64},
	month = {1995},
	pages = {1566},
	author = {Roberts, Harry H. and Huh, O. K.}
}
@mastersthesis {1302,
	title = {The effects of islands on the recession of the late Wisconsinan ice sheet margin in the De Geer Sea, Maine, Thesis},
	volume = {Dissertation/Thesis},
	year = {1995},
	month = {1995},
	school = {University of Maine},
	address = {Orono, Maine},
	author = {Donner, J.}
}
@conference {1627,
	title = {Environmental History of the Lake Winnebago Basin: 15,000 Years Ago to 1850},
	booktitle = {Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, 125th Annual Conference},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 916},
	month = {1995},
	address = {Madison, Wisconsin},
	author = {Smith, G. L. Fitzgerald T. M. Gruber M. M. Smith S. R.}
}
@mastersthesis {1096,
	title = {Evolution, environment, and isotope systematics of a glauconite deposit on the modern sea floor along the southeastern United States continental margin, Thesis},
	volume = {Ph.D.},
	year = {1995},
	note = {id: 1; Department of Geology},
	month = {1995},
	pages = {365},
	school = {University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC},
	author = {am Ende, B. A.}
}
